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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Union history“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

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1

Coates, Chris. „Union History Online: Digitization Projects in the Trades Union Congress Library Collections“. International Labor and Working-Class History 76, Nr. 1 (2009): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790999007x.

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Since its foundation as a central body for British trade unions in 1868, the Trades Union Congress (TUC) has been involved in the creation of the welfare state and public health, education and social services. It has helped to ensure legal rights in employment and an end to discrimination. The Labour Party was established by the TUC so that working people could have their own representatives in Parliament. The TUC has played an important role in international affairs, and union representatives have sat on public bodies and government advisory boards at national and international level.

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2

Swendseid, Brian, Ayan Kumar, Larissa Sweeny, Tingting Zhan, Richard A. Goldman, Howard Krein, Ryan N. Heffelfinger, Adam J. Luginbuhl und Joseph M. Curry. „Natural History and Consequences of Nonunion in Mandibular and Maxillary Free Flaps“. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, Nr. 5 (16.06.2020): 956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820931069.

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Objective To describe the natural history of bone segment union in head and neck free flap procedures and detail the association of poor segment union with postoperative complications. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Single tertiary care referral center. Subjects and Method Patients with mandibular or maxillary defects reconstructed with osseous or osteocutaneous free flaps were analyzed (n = 104). Postoperative computed tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans were reviewed for signs of osseointegration and nonunion. Postoperative wound complications were correlated with imaging findings. Result Thirty-seven percent of appositions had partial union on nonunion. Appositions between osteotomized free flap segments form complete unions at a higher rate than appositions with native bone (65% vs 53%, P = .0006). If an apposition shows a gap of ≥1 mm, the chances of failing to form a complete union are greatly increated (79% vs 8%, P = .0009). Radiographic nonunion was associated with an increased likelihood of postoperative wound complications (40% vs 19%, P = .025) and in most cases was present before development of complications. Conclusion Radiographic evidence of partial union or nonunion of free flap osseous segments greatly exceeds reported rates of clinically evident nonunion. Unions likely form between free flap appositions before unions to the native bone. If initial bone segments are >1-mm apart, the chance of progression to complete union is low. Incomplete osseointegration appears to be a marker for development of wound complications.

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3

Edwards, Geoffrey. „Federal Union: the pioneers, a history of Federal Union“. International Affairs 67, Nr. 3 (Juli 1991): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622009.

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4

Nissen, Bruce, und Candi Churchill. „Unionism in a Right-to-Work Environment: United Faculty of Florida from Stagnation to Crisis Mobilization to Power Building“. Labor Studies Journal 45, Nr. 4 (18.03.2020): 370–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x20911710.

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The Janus vs. AFSCME District 31 legal decision forced all U.S. public-sector unions to operate under “right-to-work” conditions: any union fees for those covered by a union contract are now optional. Past experiences of successful public-sector unions operating in right-to-work states should offer lessons to all public-sector unions on how to succeed. This article examines the history and recent success of the United Faculty of Florida, a statewide higher education public-sector union. Critical turning points, crises, and lessons from that history are included.

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5

Colley, Linda. „Union recognition and union security“. Journal of Management History 23, Nr. 1 (09.01.2017): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-06-2016-0029.

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Purpose Union membership has declined in many countries reducing union capacity to bargain and contribute to economic equality. This paper aims to explore a more hopeful case in an Australian state, where the dramatic anti-union strategies of conservative governments have been reversed by Labor governments. Design/methodology/approach The research frames union recognition and union security in an international context, highlighting differences between US, Canadian, UK and Australian approaches. The research focuses on the Australian state of Queensland, providing an historical account of changes to union recognition and union preference provisions, drawing on legislation, major public service agreements, newspapers and parliamentary transcripts. Findings Conservative governments in Australia have implemented anti-union strategies, and Labor governments have often failed to restore union-friendly provisions when re-elected. In contrast, the Queensland study demonstrates a substantial restoration of union security provisions when Labor governments are re-elected, rebuilding political capital with unions and potentially supporting union membership. This difference is due to unique political and institutional factors that provide governments with unfettered powers to legislate their industrial relations agenda, whether in support or otherwise of unions, and has led to the more distinctive pendulum swings to the right and left than occurred elsewhere in Australia. Originality/value The research contributes to debates about the factors related to declining union membership and highlights a case where unions have achieved restoration of many provisions that increase their influence and potentially their membership.

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6

Grothusen, Klaus-Detlev. „History of the Soviet Union“. Philosophy and History 22, Nr. 1 (1989): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist198922162.

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7

Pocock, J. G. A. „THE UNION IN BRITISH HISTORY“. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 10 (Dezember 2000): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440100000098.

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Abstract‘BRITISH history’, or ‘the new British history’ – a field which the present writer is over-generously credited with inventing some twenty-five years ago – seems to have reached a point of takeoff. At least two symposia have appeared in which the method and practice of this approach are intensively considered, and there are monographs as well as multi-author volumes – though the latter still preponderate – in which it is developed and applied to a variety of questions and periods. Its methodology remains controversial, and it may be in its nature that this should continue to be the case; for, in positing that ‘the British isles’ or ‘the Atlantic archipelago’ are and have been inhabited by several peoples with several histories, it proposes to study these histories both as they have been shaped by interacting with one another, and as they appear when contextualised by one another. There must be tensions between such a history of interaction and the several ‘national’ histories that have come to claim autonomy, and it is probable that these tensions must be re-stated each time a ‘British history’ is to be presented – as is the case in the present paper.

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8

Eaton, Jonathan. „Union Democracy and Union Renewal“. Articles 61, Nr. 2 (28.11.2006): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014168ar.

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Unions in the current environment are facing renewed pressures to demonstrate internal democracy and accountability. In this context, the Public Review Board (PRB) of the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW) deserves attention. The PRB is a unique institution within the Canadian labour movement: a body outside the union which has the power to make final and binding decisions on issues raised by union members. This paper considers the contribution of the PRB as a support for democratic renewal. The evolution of the PRB, from its origin in 1950s America to its current Canadian embodiment, is described. The decisions of the PRB over its two-decade history in Canada are analyzed and assessed. While recognizing the lasting influence of the narrow, procedural vision charted by the PRB early in its history, the author concludes that the CAW’s PRB is an innovation that merits wider recognition.

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9

ANY, CAROL. „SOVIET UNION“. Russian History 35, Nr. 1-2 (2008): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633108x00265.

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10

KONINGS, PIET. „ASSESSING THE ROLE OF AUTONOMOUS TEACHERS’ TRADE UNIONS IN ANGLOPHONE CAMEROON, 1959–1972“. Journal of African History 47, Nr. 3 (November 2006): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853706001782.

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In the literature on African trade unions during decolonization and in the immediate post-independence period, two schools of thought can be distinguished: one is pessimistic about the unions' economic and political roles, and the other is optimistic. This study attempts to assess the role of autonomous teachers' trade unions in Anglophone Cameroon during the period 1959–72. The emergence, development and dissolution of these unions appears to have closely followed the region's political and educational reforms. It is argued that two main issues formed a constant source of conflict between the government and these unions, namely the preservation of trade union autonomy, and union demands for a substantial improvement in members' conditions of service.

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Azimbaev, Mukhammadjon Samatovich, und Umida Samatovna Usmanova. „Representation Of Applying The Method Of Oral History In Russian History“. American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, Nr. 12 (11.12.2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue12-07.

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This article gives full information on representation of applying the method of oral history in Russian history. The practical application of this method in historical researches was discussed in detail by Russian historians in scientific seminars in the last years of the Soviet Union. Therefore it is logical to include some scientific works created during the Soviet era in categorizing the researches on oral history in Russia. So, our aim is to discuss the method of oral history in Russian researches.

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12

Anderson, David M., Glenn Perusek und Kent Worcester. „Trade Union Politics: American Unions and Economic Change, 1960s-1990s“. Michigan Historical Review 22, Nr. 1 (1996): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20173571.

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13

Mutch, Alistair. „Unions and Information, Britain 1900–1960: An Essay in the History of Information“. International Review of Social History 44, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1999): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859099000590.

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This article examines the use of information by British trade unions to react to occupational change. Using a case study of the response to welding by the Boilermakers' Society, it looks at the barriers that prevented the use of information. It then examines the rise of trade union research departments. This leads to an outline of a framework for looking at the ways in which trade unions used information, based on their attitude towards their environment. The article suggests that an “information perspective” is a useful supplement to existing ways of examining trade union history which may shed new light on their development.

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Bohnert, Nora. „Examining the determinants of union dissolution among married and common-law unions in Canada“. Canadian Studies in Population 38, Nr. 3-4 (05.07.2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6m90p.

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This paper examines the determinants of union dissolution among first marriage, second marriage, and common-law unions via an event history analysis of the fourth panel of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). Results suggest that unemployment and other potentially challenging employment situations are associated with higher odds of dissolution, among first marriage unions in particular. The factors that predict union dissolution are found to differ, both across union types and within common-law unions by region (Quebec versus elsewhere in Canada).

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15

Duduchava, Roland, David Natroshvili und Guram Gogishvili. „Georgian Mathematical Union: History and Activity“. EMS Newsletter 2018-12, Nr. 110 (30.11.2018): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/news/110/14.

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16

Movsisyan, Yuri. „Armenian Mathematical Union – History and Activity“. EMS Newsletter 2020-9, Nr. 117 (01.09.2020): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/news/117/8.

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17

Warlouzet, Laurent. „European Union History : Themes and Debates“. Critique internationale N° 55, Nr. 2 (2012): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/crii.055.0185.

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18

Bowker, Mike. „A history of the Soviet Union“. International Affairs 62, Nr. 2 (1986): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618419.

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19

Husband, William B., David MacKenzie, Michael W. Curran und M. K. Dziewanowski. „A History of the Soviet Union“. History Teacher 20, Nr. 4 (August 1987): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/493763.

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20

Morris, Jeremy. „A History of the Mothers' Union“. Theology 113, Nr. 875 (September 2010): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x1011300520.

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21

Hoffman, Mary. „Union building for you all [history]“. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 5, Nr. 2 (März 2007): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpae.2007.329196.

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22

Cooper, Rae, und Greg Patmore. „Trade Union Organising and Labour History“. Labour History, Nr. 83 (2002): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516880.

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23

Pavlov, N. „«Union 90/greens»: History, Condition, Prospects“. World Economy and International Relations, Nr. 3 (2011): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-3-37-45.

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The article describes the evolution of the German party Alliance 90/Greens, analyses its internal and foreign policy of the installation in relation to specific events in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. A detailed sociological portrait of the party and its electorate is provided. The author attempts to answer the question of whether “Greens” are capable to come back into the federal power, and if so, in alliance with whom.

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24

Santana, Marco Aurélio, und Ricardo Medeiros Pimenta. „Public History and Militant Identities: Brazilian Unions and the Quest for Memory“. International Labor and Working-Class History 76, Nr. 1 (2009): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547909990093.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze how Brazilian trade unions are using social memory as a tool to build up workers' collective identities, in an attempt to fight the fragmentation resulting from the impact of the industrial restructuring of the 1990s. We will draw upon two ongoing programs conducted by the ABC Metal Workers Union (SMABC) and the Oil Workers Union of Brazil's state oil company Petrobras (Sindipetro). The SMABC and Sindipetro have recently been addressing the issue of workers memory with social and public projects. These projects are building up memories, which in spite of being institution-based are also collective, framed by the unions through the use of new types of communication and electronic media.

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25

Wilmers, Nathan. „Labor Unions as Activist Organizations: A Union Power Approach to Estimating Union Wage Effects“. Social Forces 95, Nr. 4 (06.02.2017): 1451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow108.

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26

Slayton, Robert A., Judith Stepan-Norris und Maurice Zeitlin. „Talking Union.“ Journal of American History 84, Nr. 1 (Juni 1997): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952852.

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27

Crampton, Suzanne M., John W. Hodge und Jitendra M. Mishra. „The Use of Union Dues for Political Activity-Current Status“. Public Personnel Management 31, Nr. 1 (März 2002): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600203100111.

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The NLRB, in a significant ruling for organized labor, recently ruled that employees who are forced to pay union dues are entitled to know how their money is being spent. The NLRB ruled in January 1997 that unions must supply financial information to workers who pay dues but who have elected not to join the union. The use of union dues for political activity continues to be a controversial issue for both public and private unions. This paper will provide a brief overview of the legal history of unions in America and the current issues they are encountering. Legal issues relating to the use of union dues for political activities for both public and private unions will also be discussed.

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28

Forsyth, Hannah. „National Tertiary Education Union: A Most Unlikely Union“. History of Education Review 46, Nr. 2 (02.10.2017): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2017-0006.

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29

Shaw, Thomas G., und John Matzko. „Reconstructing Fort Union“. Western Historical Quarterly 34, Nr. 1 (01.04.2003): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25047235.

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Simon Finger. „AN INDISSOLUBLE UNION:“. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 77, Nr. 1 (2010): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.77.1.0037.

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31

Oslington, Paul. „Contextual History, Practitioner History, and Classic Status: Reading Jacob Viner’s The Customs Union Issue“. Journal of the History of Economic Thought 35, Nr. 4 (13.11.2013): 491–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837213000308.

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Jacob Viner’s The Customs Union Issue, published in 1950, is the one undeniable classic in its field. The first part of this paper traces the development of Viner’s thinking on preferential trading arrangements, places his work in context, and clarifies his position on disputed issues. The second part considers the reception of his work, from the enthusiastic early reviewers to the international economists who further developed the theory of customs unions, to contemporary practitioners. While practitioners consistently misread Viner, these misreadings were scientifically fruitful, and there are reasons why fruitful science might flow from poor contextual history. Among contemporary international economists, the book has become a classic, marking off and justifying a field of enquiry.

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32

Moss, Bernard H. „Economic and Monetary Union and the Social Divide in France“. Contemporary European History 7, Nr. 2 (Juli 1998): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300004884.

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Monetary policy since the Second World War has always been a politically and socially sensitive issue in France. It reflected the peculiar strength of the French Communist Party (PCF) in the unions and working class. Postwar governments relied upon monetary inflation, devaluation and administered credit to sustain growth and guarantee social peace. With the exception of the period following General de Gaulle's seizure of power in 1958, there was little choice for governments faced with weak, divided and conflicting unions, a volatile work force, and a united left threatening radical change. Where German governments responded to union challenges and the oil shock of 1974 with deflation, the French expanded the money supply. The divergence of French policy from German after 1968 made European economic and monetary union impossible.

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Clothier, Craig, Mark Hearn und Harry Knowles. „One Big Union: A History of the Australian Workers' Union 1886-1994“. Labour History, Nr. 74 (1998): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516579.

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34

Il-Seong, Nha, Clive L. N. Ruggles, Alexander A. Gurshtein, Rajesh K. Kochhar, David H. DeVorkin, Teije de Jong, Tsuko Nakamura, Wayne Orchiston, Antonio A. P. Videira und Brian Warner. „COMMISSION 41: HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (Dezember 2008): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025970.

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Commission 41 of the International Astronomical Union deals with all aspects of astronomical history and heritage from ancient sky knowledge to developments in modern astronomy that have occurred within living memory. It encourages and supports research in the history of astronomy and related fields such as archaeoastronomy and is also concerned with the identification, documentation and preservation of vital aspects of our astronomical heritage such as sites, artifacts, instruments and archives. Commission 41 is one of the largest Commissions in the Union, and is a member of Division XII on Union-Wide Activities.

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35

Hoffrogge, Ralf. „Voluntarism, Corporatism and Path Dependency: The Metalworkers’ Unions Amalgamated Engineering Union and IG Metall and their Place in the History of British and German Industrial Relations“. German History 37, Nr. 3 (15.06.2019): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz037.

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Abstract Germany and Britain have served as models of either corporatist or voluntarist industrial relations. The more recent typology of ‘varieties of capitalism’ then identified Britain as a model case of a ‘liberal market economy’ while Germany was portrayed as a (state) ‘co-ordinated market economy’. The mainstream of German-language labour history also tells this success story. Some research on the evolution of co-determination has portrayed its subject as a long-standing trait of German capitalism, with predecessors dating back as far as 1848. With its focus on the history of two key trade unions in core industries of Britain and Germany, the British metalworkers’ union the Amalgamated Society of Engineers / Amalgamated Engineering Union and the German Metal Workers’ Union / IG Metall, this article questions both exceptionalism and continuity. It argues that a path dependency exists in the structure of both unions and the industrial relations around them—but that this never came close to a linear evolution of voluntarism or corporatism. On closer examination, the history of both unions includes localist as well as centralist practices. From the 1890s both unions were part of collective bargaining with strong employers’ associations; especially after 1945 both were open to corporatist compromises. For West Germany only, such a compromise was found in the early 1950s, and not before, while in Britain that same compromise was attempted but failed during the crucial years between 1965 and 1979. Therefore, to quote Stefan Berger, this article argues that ‘similarities between the British and the German labour movements have been underestimated’.

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Kovalenko, Maria Iliinichna. „The establishment of German Customs Union: towards the “Customs Union Agreement” of 1833“. Исторический журнал: научные исследования, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.4.33580.

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This article presents an overview of economic situation and trade relations in Germany during the 1815 – 1820s, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The customs question was especially urgent due to the disparity of territories, and was being resolved in several German states simultaneously. The author examines the Prussian plan of customs union that was implemented in future, as well as the alternative regional projects. For detailed assessment of the indicated projects, analysis is conducted on the flow of import and export of various products on the German territories. This article is founded on the German sources, including maps of German territories and summary statistical tables, which did not previously received wide coverage within the Russian historiography. The topic of establishment of the German Customs Union was in the sidelines for a long time; therefore, this research is relevant for broad audience within the framework of studying the economic history and the history of Germany. The author determines that the period of formation of the German Customs Union was not subjected to comprehensive analysis; the alternative plans of customs unions were not sufficiently covered by the national and foreign historians, despite the extensive source base. The main conclusion consists in description of the actual alternatives to the Prussian plan of customs union, which have not been implemented due to political discrepancies between the members of the South and Middle German unions. Translation of the Customs Union Agreement into the Russian language has not been previously conducted; its provisions would be the subject of the author’s further research.

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Boyer, George R. „What Did Unions Do in Nineteenth-Century Britain?“ Journal of Economic History 48, Nr. 2 (Juni 1988): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700004939.

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The article examines the development of the insurance function of trade unions. It analyzes how such policies worked, and why union benefit packages differed across occupations. It also addresses the impact of insurance policies on union organization. Insurance benefits increased the ability of unions to attract and retain members. They did not, however, significantly increase the power of union leaders relative to employers or union rank and file.

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Ivanova, L. V. „Somalis in the Soviet Union: unrevealed history“. Kunstkamera 6, Nr. 4 (2019): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/2618-8619-2019-4(6)-185-192.

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39

Little, Charles. „A social history of English rugby union“. Sport in Society 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2012.626955.

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40

Menghetti, Diane, Andrew Spaull und Martin Sullivan. „A History of the Queensland Teachers' Union“. Labour History, Nr. 59 (1990): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509029.

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41

Wolinetz, Steven B., und Desmond Dinan. „Europe Recast: A History of European Union“. International Journal 60, Nr. 4 (2005): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40204122.

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42

Thorpe, Charles. „Radical Intellectuals, History, and the Soviet Union“. Journal of Historical Sociology 30, Nr. 1 (März 2017): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/johs.12146.

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43

Falcous, Mark. „A social history of English rugby union“. Sport, Education and Society 16, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.531539.

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44

Teixeira, Pedro Gustavo. „The Legal History of the Banking Union“. European Business Organization Law Review 18, Nr. 3 (September 2017): 535–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40804-017-0074-2.

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45

Inoue, G., und M. Sakuma. „The natural history of scaphoid non-union“. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 115, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00453208.

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46

Painter, Matthew, Adrianne Frech und Kristi Williams. „Nonmarital Fertility, Union History, and Women’s Wealth“. Demography 52, Nr. 1 (29.01.2015): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0367-9.

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Hodge, Andrew. „The Curious History of Trade Union Law“. Denning Law Journal 4, Nr. 1 (30.10.2012): 92–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v4i1.184.

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Majorow, Wladimir M. „Conception of Harmonious Union: Philosophy History Aspect“. RUDN Journal of Philosophy 25, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-2-288-297.

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The academic and humanitarian conception of harmonious union (hehe) has been proposed by Professor Zhang Liwen in the 1990s. It claims to explain the specifics of Chinese civilization and proposes solution of some global problems by its means. Despite the lack of direct references to the conception, it remains in demand both in the political and ideological discourse of the People's Republic of China. This presentations deals with the historical and philosophical facts available in Chinese written monuments and works of Antiquity and the Middle Ages, which are put forward as a justification for the primordial idea of harmonious union in Chinese culture. An attempt is done to show that this concept does not offer any new set of philosophical categories, but appeals to the well-known concepts of two-, three- and five-item classifications. At the same time, the emphasis is laid on the form, the method of combining opposite or dissimilar elements. In general, on the basis of the limited historical and philosophical material, it can be concluded that the concept of harmonious unification is aimed not so much at revising the composition of the philosophical system of Confucianism, but at rethinking its value criteria for interaction and mutual dependence of objects and phenomena.

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Thorsen, Maggie L. „Shifting Influences of Pregnancy on Union Formation Across Age and Union Stability Across Cohabitation Duration“. Journal of Family Issues 40, Nr. 2 (16.10.2018): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18806554.

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Nonmarital pregnancy increases the likelihood of entering a marital or cohabiting union. The timing of a pregnancy within the life course of an individual or relationship duration may also affect the likelihood of forming coresidential unions and their stability. This study examines the association between nonmarital pregnancy and first union formation and how this varies across age. It also considers whether the influence of pregnancy on the stability of cohabitations shifts across their duration. Using data on young adults in the United States (Add Health), competing-risk event-history models examine the time-varying influence of pregnancy on union formation and stability. Findings suggest that pregnancy is more strongly associated with union formation during adolescence, becoming less influential as women age. Within cohabitations, pregnancy had a bigger impact on increasing the likelihood of marriage early within unions, but the longer a couple cohabited the less likely they were to transition to marriage when pregnant.

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Boritt, Gabor S., und Peter Batty. „The Divided Union“. Journal of American History 75, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1988): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901738.

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