Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Undesirable Species“
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Kumar, Rakesh. „Controlling Undesirable Algal Species From Aquatic Ecosystems“. International Journal on Algae 25, Nr. 4 (2023): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v25.i4.60.
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Control of undesirable algal species is the primary requirement for the long-term maintenance of health of an aquatic ecosystem. Their excessive growth may cause ecosystem imbalance by depleting the water quality and affecting the life of aquatic fauna. The present paper describes the physical, chemical and biological methods of controlling undesirable algal species.
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KIRKMAN, L. KATHERINE, ROBERT J. MITCHELL, MELANIE J. KAESER, STEPHEN D. PECOT und KIMBERLY L. COFFEY. „The perpetual forest: using undesirable species to bridge restoration“. Journal of Applied Ecology 44, Nr. 3 (10.04.2007): 604–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01310.x.
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Winkler, Jan, Markéta Ježová, Radek Punčochář, Erika Hurajová, Petra Martínez Barroso, Tomáš Kopta, Daniela Semerádová und Magdalena Daria Vaverková. „Fire Hazard: Undesirable Ecosystem Function of Orchard Vegetation“. Fire 6, Nr. 1 (11.01.2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6010025.
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Fires will become an increasingly frequent perturbation even under the conditions of the mild climate zone and will interfere with the agricultural landscape. Fire is a natural phenomenon, and depending on ecosystems, vegetation may develop and contribute to the occurrence and spread of fire. Vegetation of the sour cherry orchard located in the climatically dry conditions of the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic (CR), was evaluated. Vegetation assessment was performed using phytocenological relevé. In each variant, 10 relevé were recorded. Coverage of the found species was estimated directly in percentages. Moreover, the maximum height in the stand was measured for each type of plant. Biomass of individual plant species was calculated, using the biomass index (IB) equation. The IB values of individual plant species in the treatments were processed by employing a multidimensional analysis of the ecological data. Different vegetation management practices in an orchard change the species diversity of the vegetation and thus the fire hazards in the orchard conditions. Grassy interrow has the most grass biomass during the entire vegetation season, and therefore represents the greatest hazard and spread of fire. The most important grasses include Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, and Poa pratensis. On the contrary, bare soil conditions in the interrow are most suitable for annual species, and this is the place with the highest changes in the number of species during the growing season. Biomass of the orchard vegetation combined with dry and warm weather increases the fire hazard. Annual and perennial grasses have very good potential for the production of biomass, which increases the hazard of fire. The nature of the vegetation in the orchards has the potential for the actual start of a fire and its subsequent spread, however, under other environmental conditions. During hot and dry weather, dead biomass may accumulate resulting in increasing the hazard of large wildfires. Varied orchard management practices lead to a higher diversity of vegetation and make orchards, islands of biodiversity in the agricultural landscape.
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Jaskuła, Radomir, Anna Sulikowska-Drozd, Aleksandra Jabłońska, Krzysztof Banaś und Tomasz Rewicz. „Undesirable immigrants: hobbyist vivaria as a potential source of alien invertebrate species“. PeerJ 7 (17.09.2019): e7617. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7617.
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Background Small size and large diversity of adaptations make invertebrates a group of animals which can be easily transported by different human activities. Many species can travel as “hitchhikers” with plant material (both on plant surfaces and in the soil), including plants used for decoration in vivaria. Vivaria are often tropical in nature environments, with high temperatures and humidity, suitable for invertebrates from tropical regions. Although many of such invertebrates cannot survive in temperate regions where harsh weather conditions are present, it is also known that some can successfully acclimatise. As a result, their negative impact on local flora and fauna cannot be excluded. Material and methods Terrestrial invertebrates were collected in several cities of Poland from tropical vivaria where poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae) and/or orchids (Orchidaceae) were kept by hobbyists. Collecting of the material was preceded by a simple questionnaire placed on the biggest Polish forum devoted to poison dart frogs. Moreover, we contacted some Polish wholesalers offering tropical invertebrates (Isopoda and Collembola), used as the food source for frogs, hoping to receive information about locations where those invertebrates were delivered, over the period of one year. We obtained mtDNA barcodes using the COI marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) for seven potential morphospecies. Results In total, 12 taxa classified as Turbellaria, Annelida, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Collembola were collected and preserved in pure ethanol. We collected material and/or information from 65 locations, including 56 cities to which exotic isopods and springtails were sold by wholesalers over the period of nine months (average number per month = 18 cities). We obtained 18 COI sequences which were assigned to seven BINs and thus confirmed identification of seven species. The results indicate that the number of species transported with exotic plants is not small and can be observed regularly. Species noted as “hitchhikers” on plant structures and/or as inhabitants of soil in plant pots, originally came from South and Central America, Africa, Asia and possibly from North America or Southern Europe. Three taxa were noted for the first time from Poland, including Rhynchodemus sylvaticus (Rhynchodemidae), Trichorhina sp.1 (Platharthridae), and Guppya gundlachi (Euconulidae). Discussion The presented study clearly shows that an exotic hobby such as keeping tropical poison dart frogs and/or orchids may promote fast and uncontrolled dispersion of a high number of invertebrates classified in different taxonomical groups. Plant material (green elements of plants and the soil in which they are planted) used in vivaria can be an important source of such animals.
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Veskovic-Moracanin, Slavica, Dragica Karan, Dragan Milicevic und Aleksandra Stjepanovic. „The presence of undesirable mould species on the surface of dry sausages“. Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, Nr. 114 (2008): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0814097v.
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Transition from manufacture to the industrial way of meat production and processing, as well as contemporary concept of food quality and safety, have led to the application of starter cultures. Their application leads towards the streamlining of the production process in the desired direction, quality improvement and its harmonization, and thereby to its standardization. Application of moulds in the meat industry is based on positive effects of their proteolytic and lipolytic egzoenzymes which, as a consequence, leads to the creation of characteristic sensory properties ('flavor') of fermented products. Penicillium nalgiovense is a typical representative of moulds used in the production of fermented sausages-salamis from our region. Samples of 'zimska salama' (dry sausage), produced with Penicillium nalgiovense, were evaluated as hygienically unacceptable. Their sensory properties changed due to contamination of this mould during the ripening process. Micological analysis discovered the presence of Penicillium aurantiogriseum, which is a frequent mould contaminant in the meat industry. At the same time, thin layer chromatography revealed no possibility of metabolic activity of this mould in the creation of mycotoxins. However, the presence of this mould on the surface of 'zimska salama' is considered as undesirable due to formation of 'off flavor' in products. Such product is considered as hygienically unacceptable and cannot be used for the human consumption.
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Loftis, David L. „Preharvest Herbicide Treatment Improves Regeneration in Southern Appalachian Hardwoods“. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, Nr. 3 (01.08.1985): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.3.177.
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Abstract Preharvest herbicide treatment of undesirable and unmerchantable vegetation was compared to postharvest felling. Ten years after the clearcut harvesting, the preharvest treatment had increased the number and proportion of desirable stems and decreased the number and proportion of undesirable sprouts in the dominant stand. Stands that developed after the preharvest herbicide treatment are dominated by single-stemmed desirable species, and excellent future stocking is assured. Because of the presence of undesirable sprout clumps, plots receiving the postharvest felling have an uncertain future. An effective preharvest treatment that costs about the same as postharvest felling is recommended.
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Lim, Haw Chuan, Navjot S. Sodhi, Barry W. Brook und Malcom C. K. Soh. „Undesirable aliens: factors determining the distribution of three invasive bird species in Singapore“. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, Nr. 6 (24.10.2003): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403006084.
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Biological invasions are a major environmental concern due to their negative impacts on biodiversity and economics. We determined the population sizes and habitat-abundance relationships of the three most successful invasive bird species in Singapore: the house crow Corvus splendens, white-vented myna Acridotheres javanicus and common myna A. tristis. Estimated population sizes of the three species between February 2000 and February 2001 were between 106 000-176 000, 122 000-155 000 and 20 000-29 000, respectively. Population size of the house crow grew dramatically (>30-fold) in the last 15-16 y while that of the white-vented and common myna declined. Habitat-abundance relationships suggest that house crows are highly dependent on anthropogenic food. Their abundance was also positively related to proximity to coast. The common myna associated closely with agricultural areas while the white-vented myna probably preferred urban greenery among residential buildings. Our study shows that the three invasive bird species associated with different aspects of human-modified environment.
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Glasenapp, Cattò, Villa, Saracchi, Cappitelli und Papenbrock. „Promoting Beneficial and Inhibiting Undesirable Biofilm Formation with Mangrove Extracts“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, Nr. 14 (19.07.2019): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143549.
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The extracts of two mangrove species, Bruguiera cylindrica and Laguncularia racemosa, have been analyzed at sub-lethal concentrations for their potential to modulate biofilm cycles (i.e., adhesion, maturation, and detachment) on a bacterium, yeast, and filamentous fungus. Methanolic leaf extracts were also characterized, and MS/MS analysis has been used to identify the major compounds. In this study, we showed the following. (i) Adhesion was reduced up to 85.4% in all the models except for E. coli, where adhesion was promoted up to 5.10-fold. (ii) Both the sum and ratio of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in mature biofilm were increased up to 2.5-fold and 2.6-fold in comparison to the negative control, respectively. Additionally, a shift toward a major production of exopolysaccharides was found coupled with a major production of both intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species. (iii) Lastly, detachment was generally promoted. In general, the L. racemosa extract had a higher bioactivity at lower concentrations than the B. cylindrica extract. Overall, our data showed a reduction in cells/conidia adhesion under B. cylindrica and L. racemosa exposure, followed by an increase of exopolysaccharides during biofilm maturation and a variable effect on biofilm dispersal. In conclusion, extracts either inhibited or enhanced biofilm development, and this effect depended on both the microbial taxon and biofilm formation step.
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Krieg, Randon J., und W. T. Witte. „EFFICACY OF A COPPER HYDROXIDE/LATEX PAINT FORMULATION FOR ROOT - PRUNING 41 SPECIES OF CONTAINERIZED NURSERY STOCK“. HortScience 28, Nr. 5 (Mai 1993): 527f—527. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.527f.
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The root system of containerized nursery stock may become undesirably coiled or matted on the outer surface of the media. Various copper formulations painted on the interior of the container surface have been shown to control undesirable root growth in a few species. We tested a commercial formulation of 100 g/l copper hydroxide in a flowable latex paint formulation (SpinOut™) on 41 tree, shrub, and herbaceous species. Plants were grown 4 months in 7.5×7.5×15cm containers, either treated or untreated. Root density was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 (no roots on the surface to heavy rooting). Analysis showed treated containers prevented roots from growing on the media surface in all species tested except Magnolia liliiflora `Jane', Buxus sempervirens `Vardar Valley', and Taxus × media `Hicksii', where control of surface rooting was significant but moderate. Copper paint did not inhibit growth of stolons or rhizomes, which morphologically are stem structures. No visual signs of copper toxicity were observed, nor were there any differences in shoot growth.
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Robertson, Bruce C., Graeme P. Elliott, Daryl K. Eason, Mick N. Clout und Neil J. Gemmell. „Sex allocation theory aids species conservation“. Biology Letters 2, Nr. 2 (10.01.2006): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0430.
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Supplementary feeding is often a key tool in the intensive management of captive and threatened species. Although it can increase such parameters as breeding frequency and individual survival, supplementary feeding may produce undesirable side effects that increase overall extinction risk. Recent attempts to increase breeding frequency and success in the kakapo Strigops habroptilus using supplementary feeding inadvertently resulted in highly male-biased chick sex ratios. Here, we describe how the inclusion of sex allocation theory has remedied this conservation dilemma. Our study is the first to manipulate chick sex ratios in an endangered species by altering maternal condition and highlights the importance of incorporating evolutionary theory into modern conservation practice.
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Thilmony, Blake M., und Rodney G. Lym. „Effect of Aminocyclopyrachlor on Native Prairie Species in the Northern Great Plains“. Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, Nr. 2 (Juni 2017): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.19.
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Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) will control many invasive broadleaf weeds, but the susceptibility of desirable forbs is not widely known. Native prairie response to AMCP was evaluated near Fargo, ND, and Felton, MN, in the Northern Great Plains. Both sites had high floristic quality prior to treatment, with 33 and 80 different species at Fargo and Felton, respectively. AMCP was applied at 140 g ha−1 in July 2014 to coincide with leafy spurge and Canada thistle treatment timing. AMCP altered the plant communities and reduced foliar cover of undesirable species, high seral forbs (undisturbed stable communities), and low seral forbs (early succession in disturbed communities) at both locations at 10 and 14 mo after treatment (MAT). AMCP reduced Canada thistle and leafy spurge in Fargo and eliminated hedge bindweed, prickly lettuce, and black medic in Felton. High seral forb foliar cover was reduced at 10 and 14 MAT from 20% to 2% and 3% in Fargo and from 19% to 1.6% and 2% in Felton, respectively. The high seral forb species birdfoot violet, white panicled aster, northern bedstraw, Canada goldenrod, purple meadowrue, and American vetch were reduced at both locations. Low seral forb cover also decreased at 10 MAT from 22% to 10% in Fargo and from 12% to 1% in Felton, respectively. By 14 MAT, low seral species in Fargo recovered to 16%, but recovery was much slower in Felton and slightly increased to 1.5%. After treatment high and low seral monocot species increased at both sites, likely due to reduced competition from susceptible species. AMCP reduced richness, evenness, and diversity at both locations at 10 and 14 MAT; therefore, floristic quality declined. A decline in diversity is generally undesirable but could have beneficial effects if invasive weeds and other undesirable species are reduced or eliminated.
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Abbate, C. E., und Bob Fischer. „Don’t Demean “Invasives”: Conservation and Wrongful Species Discrimination“. Animals 9, Nr. 11 (27.10.2019): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110871.
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It is common for conservationists to refer to non-native species that have undesirable impacts on humans as “invasive”. We argue that the classification of any species as “invasive” constitutes wrongful discrimination. Moreover, we argue that its being wrong to categorize a species as invasive is perfectly compatible with it being morally permissible to kill animals—assuming that conservationists “kill equally”. It simply is not compatible with the double standard that conservationists tend to employ in their decisions about who lives and who dies.
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Della-Bianca, Lino, und Donald E. Beck. „Selection Management in Southern Appalachian Hardwoods“. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, Nr. 3 (01.08.1985): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.3.191.
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Abstract A woodland tract of southern Appalachian cove hardwoods and mixed oak has been managed under the selection system of silviculture since 1946. Simply cutting in all commercial diameter classes (i.e., 6.0 inches and larger), as was the practice during the first 24 years, failed to develop enough desirable saplings and poles to maintain the system. After 1970, herbicide treatment of undesirable, tolerant understory species in openings created by removal of large trees or groups of trees has improved the status of desirable saplings. Although long-term costs of management and yields are uncertain, the study suggests that creation of larger openings and treatment of undesirable understory species offers at least a chance for success with the selection system in southern Appalachian hardwoods.
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Guo, Yarong, Xiong Z. He, Fujiang Hou und Jizhou Ren. „Stocking rate affects plant community structure and reproductive strategies of a desirable and an undesirable grass species in an alpine steppe, Qilian Mountains, China“. Rangeland Journal 42, Nr. 1 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19080.
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The effects of grazing on species reproduction is a fundamental issue of grassland management. We investigated plant density and dry weight changes at community and species levels, and the reproductive strategies of the dominant desirable Stipa purpurea and the undesirable Achnatherum inebrians grass species in response to stocking rate in an alpine steppe with a 10-year grazing history. Results showed complex patterns of plant community and reproductive strategy. Overall plant density increased with increasing stocking rate and dry weight was significantly higher at light and high stocking rates. Plant density and dry weight of A. inebrians peaked at moderate stocking rates. Higher stocking rate had little impact on S. purpurea density but significantly reduced its dry weight. Both species displayed linearly increasing/decreasing or unimodal/bimodal reproductive effort in response to increased stocking rate. The discrepancies in plant reproductive characteristics between S. purpurea and A. inebrians indicated that: (1) light and moderate grazing may promote an adaption strategy of reproduction by desirable species, which may then contribute to their maintenance in grasslands, and (2) undesirable species presence did not lead to the replacement of desirable species in the grasslands. Therefore, light and moderate stocking rates are recommended to maintain the grasslands and to increase the reproductive outputs of desirable species.
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Prajapati, Sunaina, Ranjana Negi und Harsh Naithani. „A note on the occurrence of two invasive species Alternanthera ficoidea (Amaranthaceae) and Pueraria montana var. lobata (Fabaceae) from Uttarakhand, India“. Indian Journal of Forestry 45, Nr. 3 (10.03.2023): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2023-xn09mn.
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Some alien species result in significant undesirable impacts on the native biodiversity and create serious hindrance to its conservation and sustainable use. Two such species, viz., Alternanthera ficoidea and Pueraria montana var. lobata are found to be spreading vigorously in Doon Valley of Uttarakhand. The former is an herbaceous species seriously infesting the open spaces throughout the Doon Valley, whereas, the latter is a climber infesting entire vegetation in Dehradun area.
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Olkhovych, Olga, Natalya Taran, Svitlana Hrechyshkina und Mykola Musienko. „Influence of Alien Species Pistia stratiotes L., 1753 on Representative Species of Genus Salvinia in Ukraine“. Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 22, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2020-0003.
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Abstract This work purpose was to find the impact of Pistia stratiotes L., 1753 - a new species on the territory of Ukraine, on the vitality of other free-floating hydrophytes so-called pleuston- Salvinia natans (L.) All., 1785, S. laevigatum (Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine, 1968, to determine the degree of stability and competitiveness of these species for resources in natural ecosystems relatively to the undesirable species. To find out the influence of P. stratiotes on other free-floating on the water surface plant species which compete for elements of nutrition among each other, we have investigated changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments in S. laevigatum and S. natans, which were exhibited with P. stratiotes for 14 days. Besides changes in water indices, oxygen content, mineralization and pH, were measured.
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Saba, Neelam, und Wahied Khawar Balwan. „Genetic Pollution: A Safe or Risky Bet?“ Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 11, Nr. 04 (25.04.2023): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i04.004.
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Genetic pollution is undesirable gene flow into wild populations. The term is usually associated with the gene flow from a genetically engineered (GE) organism (or genetically modified organism - GMO) to a non GE organism. Genetic pollution and collateral damage from GE field crops already have begun to wreak environmental havoc. Wind, rain, birds, bees, and insect pollinators have begun carrying genetically-altered pollen into adjoining fields, polluting the DNA of crops of organic and non-GE farmers. Once released, it is virtually impossible to recall genetically engineered organisms back to the laboratory or the field. Genetic Engineering is a very useful technique as per the agricultural or animal breeding aspects. We can modify the genes of an organism to improve or change its properties. This modification sometimes undesirably spreads into the neighbouring species via pollination or cross breeding which might either improve or deteriorate the properties of the organisms. This unwanted deterioration of natural organisms due to genetically tailored one’s cause genetic pollution. Genetically modified species have been extensively synthesized over recent years increasing the risk of genetic pollution more than ever.
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Sasaki, Keiko, Shingo Nakama, Quanzhi Tian, Binglin Guo, Mengmeng Wang, Ryoichi Takagi und Tomohiko Takahashi. „Elution characteristics of undesirable anionic species from fly ash blended cement in different aqueous solutions“. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, Nr. 3 (Juni 2021): 105171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105171.
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Holm, AM, KR Shackleton und EJ Speijers. „Control of Hakea Preissii (Meissner) and Associated Species by Fire in Degraded Semi-Arid Rangelands.“ Rangeland Journal 15, Nr. 1 (1993): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930071.
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Hakea preissii has been identified as an undesirable increaser which has invaded formerly productive semi-arid pastoral lands of Western Australia. This paper reports a study designed primarily to assess the susceptibility of H. preissii to fire and to assess the effects of fire on the associated plant community. Plant survival was assessed by comparing the response to a low and high fue fuel load with untreated control plots. Fire intensities of 2900 and 9300 kwlm were achieved with fuel loads of 500 g/m2 and were sufficient to kill 98% of H. preissii by two years after the burn. A fire intensity of 240 kwlm was achieved with 150 .g/m2 fuel load and was sufficient to kill 53% of H. preissii plants. Other perennial species, more highly regarded as sheep feed, including Scaevola spinescens, Rhagodia eremaea, Enchylaena tomentosa and Maireana tomentosa, were killed by fire while Eremophila "crenulata" and Senna species, which are regarded as undesirable increasers in this environment, were generally unaffected by even the most intense fie.
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CHARTERIS, WILLIAM P., PHILLIP M. KELLY, LORENZO MORELLI und J. KEVIN COLLINS. „Antibiotic Susceptibility of Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Species“. Journal of Food Protection 61, Nr. 12 (01.12.1998): 1636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.12.1636.
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In recent years, the time-honored reputation of lactobacilli as promoters of gastrointestinal and female urogenital health has been qualified. This has occurred due to a rare association with human infection in the presence of certain predisposing factors and their potential to act as a source of undesirable antibiotic resistance determinants to other members of the indigenous microbiota. This necessitates greater caution in their selection for use in microbial adjunct nutrition and disease management (prophylaxis and therapy). It was against this background that 46 Lactobacillus strains from human and dairy sources were assayed for susceptibility to 44 antibiotics. All strains were resistant to a group of 14 antibiotics, which included inhibitors of cell wall synthesis (cefoxitin [30 μg] and aztreonam [30 μg]), protein synthesis (amikacin [30 μg], gentamicin [10 μg], kanamycin [30 μg], and streptomycin [10 μg]), nucleic acid synthesis (norfloxacin [10 μg], nalidixic acid [30 μg], sulphamethoxazole [100 μg], trimethoprim [5 μg], co-trimoxazole [25 μg], and metronidazole [5 μg]), and cytoplasmic membrane function (polymyxin B [300 μg] and colistin sulphate [10 μg]). All strains were susceptible to tetracycline (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), and rifampicin (5 μg). Four human strains and one dairy strain exhibited atypical resistance to a penicillin, bacitracin (10 μg), and/or nitrofurantoin (300 μg). One human strain was also resistant to erythromycin (15 μg) and clindamycin (2 μg). These resistances may have been acquired due to antibiotic exposure in vivo, but conclusive evidence is lacking in this regard. Seven microorganism-drug combinations were evaluated for β-lactamase activity using synergy and nitrocefin tests. The absence of activity suggested that cell wall impermeability appeared responsible for β-lactam resistance. The occurrence of a minority of lactobacilli with undesirable, atypical resistance to certain antibiotics demonstrates that not all strains are suitable for use as probiotics or bacteriotherapeutic agents. The natural resistance of lactobacilli to a wide range of clinically important antibiotics may enable the development of antibiotic/probiotic combination therapies for such conditions as diarrhea, female urogenital tract infection, and infective endocarditis.
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EVCİ, Şevket, und Erva ESER. „Can diet impress horse behaviour?“ Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences 7, Nr. 2 (26.08.2023): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1292983.
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Along with domestication, various changes in nutrition and digestion have occurred in horses as well as in all species. Our review aims to compile existing studies examining the role of nutrition and digestion in the emergence of undesirable behaviours in domestic horses. The success achieved in species with high adaptability has not been sustained by the change in breeding purposes over the years. Welfare, defined as the physical and mental health of animals. The responses of animals to various stimuli are defined as behaviour. Since the behaviour of animals plays a primary role in monitoring welfare, studies on animal behaviour have intensified. The development of undesirable behaviours complicates the care and management practices and negatively affects the welfare of the animals in the following periods, resulting in negative consequences for both the animal and its environment. Stereotypes, which are among the unwanted behaviours and exhibited in the form of purposeless, repetitive movements, are one of the biggest behavioural problems of horse breeding. Oral stereotypes impede food intake, locomotor stereotypes impede mobility and are instrumental in the emergence of chronic and more complex health problems. Other undesirable behaviours may also harm the horse's keeper and other horses kept together in the same box, resulting in serious injury. It is known that nutrition and nutrients affect the development of undesirable behaviours in horses. It is known that anticipatory behaviour creates a basis for repetitive behaviours as a result of inhibition when feeding time and nutrient content are out of preference or insufficient. The effect of nutrition and nutrient content on the emergence of stereotypes and undesirable behaviours has not been fully addressed and the subject remains up-to-date. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief discussion of studies conducted to assess the effect of nutritional imbalances on stereotypic behaviour in horses. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were applied to the review using systematic review rules.
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Donald, Ian W., Brian L. Metcalfe und Lee A. Gerrard. „The Influence of Metal Diffusion and Interfacial Reactions on the Crystallization Behaviour of Glasses Employed in the Manufacture of Glass-Ceramic-to-Metal Seals“. Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.369.
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One of the major attributes of glass-ceramics is an ability to tailor their thermal expansion characteristics and this makes them ideal candidates for sealing to a wide variety of metals and alloys; however, during the sealing process, reaction of diffusing metal species with glass constituents may occur, and this can lead to the formation of undesirable phases within the interfacial region. In addition, diffusion of metal species into the bulk glass away from the interface may affect the overall crystallization kinetics and can result in the formation of unwanted crystalline phases which may be detrimental to the lifetime behaviour of a seal component. This contribution outlines and discusses the factors affecting the crystallization behaviour of glasses employed in seal manufacture and describe methods by which undesirable reactions can be alleviated or minimized through effective control of the process parameters and starting glass composition.
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Buzhdygan, Oksana Y., Britta Tietjen, Svitlana S. Rudenko, Volodymyr A. Nikorych und Jana S. Petermann. „Direct and indirect effects of land-use intensity on plant communities across elevation in semi-natural grasslands“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 11 (24.11.2020): e0231122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231122.
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Grassland biodiversity is vulnerable to land use change. How to best manage semi-natural grasslands for maintaining biodiversity is still unclear in many cases because land-use processes may depend on environmental conditions and the indirect effects of land-use on biodiversity mediated by altered abiotic and biotic factors are rarely considered. Here we evaluate the relative importance of the direct and indirect effects of grazing intensity on plant communities along an elevational gradient on a large topographic scale in the Eastern Carpathians in Ukraine. We sampled for two years 31 semi-natural grasslands exposed to cattle grazing. Within each grassland site we measured plant community properties such as the number of species, functional groups, and the proportion of species undesirable for grazing. In addition, we recorded cattle density (as a proxy for grazing intensity), soil properties (bare soil exposure, soil organic carbon, and soil pH) and densities of soil decomposers (earthworms and soil microorganisms). We used structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of grazing intensity on plant communities along the elevation gradient. We found that cattle density decreased plant species and functional diversity but increased the proportion of undesirable species. Some of these effects were directly linked to grazing intensity (i.e., species richness), while others (i.e., functional diversity and proportion of undesirable species) were mediated via bare soil exposure. Although grazing intensity decreased with elevation, the effects of grazing on the plant community did not change along the elevation gradient. Generally, elevation had a strong positive direct effect on plant species richness as well as a negative indirect effect, mediated via altered soil acidity and decreased decomposer density. Our results indicate that plant diversity and composition are controlled by the complex interplay among grazing intensity and changing environmental conditions along an elevation gradient. Furthermore, we found lower soil pH, organic carbon and decomposer density with elevation, indicating that the effects of grazing on soil and related ecosystem functions and services in semi-natural grasslands may be more pronounced with elevation. This demonstrates that we need to account for environmental gradients when attempting to generalize effects of land-use intensity on biodiversity.
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NAVES, PEDRO, PHILIPPE AUGER, ALAIN MIGEON, DENISE NAVIA, ANTÓNIO AGUIAR und MÁRCIA SANTOS. „The invasive Lewis spider mite, Eotetranychus lewisi (Acari: Tetranychidae), in Europe—current status and associated risk“. Zoosymposia 22 (30.11.2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.35.
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Invasive pests and pathogens are an undesirable consequence of international trade and travel, and often result in significant ecological and economic impacts. In Europe, the number of spider mites (Tetranychidae) is steadily increasing with the arrival of introduced species, most of which have the status of pests. During the last decades two invasive species have occasionally caused major damage to crops in Europe, namely Tetranychus evansi and Oligonychus perseae.
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Teissedre, Pierre-Louis. „Composition of grape and wine from resistant vines varieties“. OENO One 52, Nr. 3 (03.08.2018): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.3.2223.
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Obtaining resistant varieties to diseases without loss of organoleptic quality is a real challenge for oenology. Inter-specific hybridization of grapevines began in the 19th century and was initially aimed at introducing pest and disease resistance in offspring. Later, several breeding programmes implemented worldwide led to the development of varieties showing different characteristics such as cold-hardiness, short/long growing season, and pest resistance. Vitis vinifera grapes have preferred flavour characteristics for wine production, but they tend to be susceptible to pests, diseases, and extreme temperatures; species native to North America and East Asia are generally better adapted to these stressors. But these wild species tend to be low yielding and produce wines with undesirable sensory characteristics, including high acidity, low astringency, and excessive herbaceous or undesirable aromas. To be an innovative revolution during the 21st century, resistant varieties (actual and future) should be tested in different contexts for 3 major points: (i) vines can produce grapes without pesticides; (ii)
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Orr, D. M., C. J. Paton und A. T. Lisle. „Using fire to manage species composition in Heteropogon contortus (black speargrass) pastures. 1. Burning regimes“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, Nr. 6 (1997): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96130.
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A reduction in the proportion of the desirable grass Heteropogon contortus(black speargrass) and an increase in the undesirable Aristidaspp . (wiregrasses) are evident in commercially grazed pastures. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of spring burning regimes over a period of 4 years (1989-92) in reversing this form of pasture degradation. Burning increased the proportion of H. contortus when pastures remained ungrazed but not when pastures were grazed, because cattle selectively grazed H. contortus after burning. Burning reduced the proportion of Aristida spp and other undesirable grasses such as Bothriochloa decipiens and Chloris divaricata. A strong ‘year of burning’ effect was evident. Burning increased recruitment of H. contortus which, in turn, increased plant density and later basal area. Burning reduced the basal area of Aristida spp initially by reducing tussock size and later by reducing tussock numbers. Results indicate that spring burning can restore pasture composition and that burning in at least 2 successive years appears to be necessary. Light stocking rates should be adopted so that the proportion of H. contortuscan be maintained and so that pastures can be burnt when and if required.
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Trepanier, Kaitlyn E., Brea Burton und Bradley D. Pinno. „Do Weeds Hinder the Establishment of Native Plants on a Reclaimed North American Boreal Mine Site?“ Diversity 13, Nr. 2 (12.02.2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020076.
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The majority of plant diversity in the boreal forest of northern Alberta, Canada is comprised of native understory plant species that are continuously facing competition from other species, including both undesirable native and weedy species. In oil sands mine reclamation, cover soils rich in organic matter are used to cap overburden materials. The aim of this study is to understand the role of weeds on different reclamation cover soils (forest floor-mineral mix and peat-mineral mix) and determine if they hinder the establishment of the native plant community. This study was conducted four growing seasons after site establishment in June 2019. At that time, both soil types had approximately 45% total cover, had 21 species per plot, and were composed of mainly native vegetation. Competition from non-native forbs (11% average cover, mainly Sonchus arvensis and Melilotus alba) did not seem to impact the development of the native vegetation community on either soil type given the high cover and richness of native forbs. However, native graminoids (predominantly Calamagrostis canadensis) were associated with reduced native forb cover and richness at graminoid cover greater than 17%. Overall, non-native forbs appeared to have little impact on the native forb community on either soil type while native graminoids had a negative influence. We suggest that the classification of what is considered an undesirable weedy species should be evaluated in the context of ecosystem management goals rather than simply the presence of non-native species.
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Staley, James T. „The bacterial species dilemma and the genomic–phylogenetic species concept“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, Nr. 1475 (11.10.2006): 1899–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1914.
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The number of species of Bacteria and Archaea ( ca 5000) is surprisingly small considering their early evolution, genetic diversity and residence in all ecosystems. The bacterial species definition accounts in part for the small number of named species. The primary procedures required to identify new species of Bacteria and Archaea are DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic characterization. Recently, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis have been applied to bacterial taxonomy. Although 16S phylogeny is arguably excellent for classification of Bacteria and Archaea from the Domain level down to the family or genus, it lacks resolution below that level. Newer approaches, including multilocus sequence analysis, and genome sequence and microarray analyses, promise to provide necessary information to better understand bacterial speciation. Indeed, recent data using these approaches, while meagre, support the view that speciation processes may occur at the subspecies level within ecological niches (ecovars) and owing to biogeography (geovars). A major dilemma for bacterial taxonomists is how to incorporate this new information into the present hierarchical system for classification of Bacteria and Archaea without causing undesirable confusion and contention. This author proposes the genomic–phylogenetic species concept (GPSC) for the taxonomy of prokaryotes. The aim is twofold. First, the GPSC would provide a conceptual and testable framework for bacterial taxonomy. Second, the GPSC would replace the burdensome requirement for DNA hybridization presently needed to describe new species. Furthermore, the GPSC is consistent with the present treatment at higher taxonomic levels.
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Palpacelli, Valentino, Maurizio Ciani und Gianfranco Rosini. „Activity of different âkillerâ yeasts on strains of yeast species undesirable in the food industry“. FEMS Microbiology Letters 84, Nr. 1 (November 1991): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04572.x.
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Sheehan, Michael J., und H. Kern Reeve. „Evolutionarily stable investments in recognition systems explain patterns of discrimination failure and success“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, Nr. 1802 (18.05.2020): 20190465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0465.
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Many animals are able to perform recognition feats that astound us—such as a rodent recognizing kin it has never met. Yet in other contexts, animals appear clueless as when reed warblers rear cuckoo chicks that bear no resemblance to their own species. Failures of recognition when it would seem adaptive have been especially puzzling. Here, we present a simple tug-of-war game theory model examining how individuals should optimally invest in affecting the accuracy of discrimination between desirable and undesirable recipients. In the game, discriminating individuals (operators) and desirable and undesirable recipients (targets and mimics, respectively) can all invest effort into their own preferred outcome. We demonstrate that stable inaccurate recognition will arise when undesirable recipients have large fitness gains from inaccurate recognition relative to the pay-offs that the other two parties receive from accurate recognition. The probability of accurate recognition is often determined by just the relative pay-offs to the desirable and undesirable recipients, rather than to the discriminator. Our results provide a new lens on long-standing puzzles including a lack of nepotism in social insect colonies, tolerance of brood parasites and male birds caring for extra-pair young in their nests, which our model suggests should often lack accurate discrimination. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'.
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Wiech, Martin, Marta Silva, Sonnich Meier, Jojo Tibon, Marc H. G. Berntssen, Arne Duinker und Monica Sanden. „Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords“. Foods 9, Nr. 9 (24.08.2020): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162.
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The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elements (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead), organic pollutants (i.e., dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated flame-retardants), and potentially problematic lipid compounds (i.e., wax esters and erucic acid) were analyzed and compared to existing food and feed maximum levels and intake recommendations. Furthermore, contaminant loads in processed mesopelagic biomass (protein, oil, and fish meal) was estimated using worst-case scenarios to identify possible food and feed safety issues. While most undesirables were low considering European food legislation, we identified a few potential food safety issues regarding high levels of fluoride in Northern krill, wax esters in glacier lanternfish, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in silvery lightfish. Our estimates in processed biomass indicated high levels of undesirable trace elements in the protein fraction, frequently exceeding the maximum levels for feed ingredients. However, in fish meal, almost no exceedances were seen. In the oil fraction, dioxins and furans were above the maximum levels, given for food and feed ingredients. The present study is crucial to enable an evaluation of the value of these species; however, more data is needed before proceeding with large-scale harvesting of mesopelagic biomass.
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Peláez, Daniel V., Romina J. Andrioli, Omar R. Elia, Eliana E. Bontti, María A. Tomas und Francisco R. Blazquez. „Response of grass species to different fire frequencies in semi-arid rangelands of central Argentina“. Rangeland Journal 35, Nr. 4 (2013): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13025.
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The study was undertaken to quantify the effect of different controlled fire frequencies on foliar cover, density, individual basal area, and mortality of the most common perennial grass species in the semi-arid rangelands of the southern Caldenal in central Argentina over a 20-year period. Cover of bare soil was also assessed. The study comprised three fire treatments: (i) high fire frequency (controlled burns every 3–5 years; HFF); (ii) low fire frequency (controlled burns every 8 years; LFF); and (iii) unburned control (C). Fire treatments, regardless of frequency, induced an increase in foliar cover and density in desirable grasses, no changes in intermediate grasses, and a decrease in undesirable grasses. Individual basal area tended to be higher for desirable grasses and lower for intermediate and undesirable grasses when subject to fire. Most of the species under study exhibited higher mortality rates in the HFF treatment than in the LFF and C treatments. The results of the study suggest that recurrent controlled burns of moderate intensity may favour the herbage production of desirable perennial grasses. This, in turn, assuming appropriate grazing management, may have a beneficial impact on livestock production. Nevertheless, given the effects of fire on the cover of bare soil and mortality of grasses, further research is needed in order to determine the appropriate fire frequency in terms of rangeland sustainability.
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Almquist, Travis L., und Rodney G. Lym. „Effect of Aminopyralid on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the Native Plant Community in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie“. Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, Nr. 2 (August 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00019.1.
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AbstractAminopyralid efficacy on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and potential to injure native species was evaluated in a restored prairie at the Glacial Ridge Preserve managed by The Nature Conservancy in Polk County, MN. Canada thistle stem density was reduced from 17 to 0.1 stems m−2 10 mo after treatment (MAT) with aminopyralid applied in the fall at 120 g ha−1. Aminopyralid also altered the composition of both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. Aminopyralid controlled Canada thistle and removed or reduced several undesirable forb species from the restored prairie communities, such as absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis). A number of high seral forbs were also reduced or removed by aminopyralid, including maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) and purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea). Foliar cover of high seral forbs in the native plant community was reduced from 12.2 to 7% 22 MAT. The cover of high seral grass species, such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) increased after aminopyralid application in both the Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities and averaged 41.4% cover compared with only 19.4% before removal of Canada thistle. Species richness, evenness, and diversity were reduced after aminopyralid application in both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. However, the benefits of Canada thistle control, removal of undesirable species, and the increase in native grass cover should lead to an overall improvement in the long-term stability and composition of the restored prairie plant community, which likely outweigh the short-term effects of a Canada thistle control program.
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Tyndale-Biscoe, CH. „Virus-vectored immunocontraception of feral mammals“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, Nr. 3 (1994): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940281.
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The potential value of immunosterilization as a means to control species of wildlife that are widespread, numerous and undesirable is assessed. Key questions about the efficacy of fertility control and the means for delivering antigens expressed in recombinant viral vectors are discussed and the legal and social concerns that relate to its possible future use are raised.
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Chan, Yiu-Kwok. „Denitrification by a diazotrophic Pseudomonas species“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, Nr. 12 (01.12.1985): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-214.
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Pseudomonas sp. type strain H8 is a N2-fixing H2-utilizing bacterium frequently isolated from the root of wetland rice. It was previously reported not to denitrify although [Formula: see text] was reduced to [Formula: see text]. In the present study it grew anaerobically with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or N2O as electron acceptor. Its capability to denitrify was confirmed by using the C2H2-inhibition technique in both undefined and defined media with glucose as carbon source. Chemolithotrophic denitrification of [Formula: see text] with H2 and CO2 was also demonstrated. Its H2-uptake activity was found to be higher when grown initially in the presence of 10% O2 than 21% O2 or 5 mM[Formula: see text] Compared with Azospirillum brasilense, a N2-fixing bacterium capable of denitrification, H8 was not sensitive to [Formula: see text] toxicity under similar experimental conditions. Preliminary evidence suggested that N2O reduction by H8, but not by A. brasilense, was inhibited by yeast extract. The denitrification capability of H8 may prove to be an undesirable characteristic that leads to the removal of [Formula: see text] N from soils.
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Bebe, Frederick N., Terry Hutchens, Kenneth M. Andries, Ken J. Bates, Terry Gipson und Myron Evans. „Meat Goats in Hillside Pastures: Control of Undesirable Plant Species and GPS Collar Determination of Activity Patterns“. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 75, Nr. 1-2 (September 2014): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3101/kyac-75-01-69-79.1.
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Huang, Hui, und PingSun Leung. „Modeling protected species as an undesirable output: The case of sea turtle interactions in Hawaii's longline fishery“. Journal of Environmental Management 84, Nr. 4 (September 2007): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.07.008.
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Šviráková, Eva, Kateřina Loupancová und Irena Němečková. „Application of the LAMP Method for Detection of Undesirable Bacteria in Whey“. Chemické listy 116, Nr. 11 (15.11.2022): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220693.
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The LAMP method (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) is a molecular biological method for the amplification of specific DNA and RNA sequences suitable for the detection of various pathogenic, semi-pathogenic and technological undesirable microorganisms. The aim of the work is using the LAMP method for the option verification of detection of health and technologically undesirable bacteria in liquid sweet whey under laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out with 12 bacterial strains, including three representatives of Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus sp.) and 9 representatives of Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Kl. pneumoniae, Ps. aeruginosa). The Eazyplex® BloodScreen GP/GN Assay kits (AmplexDiagnostic GmbH, Germany), designed for Gram-positive (GP) and Gram-negative (GN) bacteria and commonly used in clinical laboratory practice, were used for the LAMP experiments. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that the LAMP method was suitable for the detection of tested bacteria at the level of the species in liquid sweet whey. The results of this work can be used in the application of the LAMP method in dairy laboratory practice, in the targeted assurance of health safety and quality of food raw materials and products, especially liquids.
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Platonov, Aleksey. „Assessment of the species diversity of vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in Central Russia“. Forestry Engineering Journal 13, Nr. 1 (16.05.2023): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/12.
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When form protective forest stands along linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of subsequent spontaneous reproduction of trees and shrubs arises, littering the territories of the above facilities and creating a threat to the safety of their operation. Works on cleaning the territories of infrastructure facilities from unwanted tree and shrub vegetation are often organized without a sufficiently clear idea of the characteristics of the said vegetation to be removed, which negatively affects the quality of the performance of these works.The purpose of the research is to determine the species composition of undesirable plant communities that form on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in order to increase the efficiency of their removal and draw up recommendations for the proper maintenance of these territories. It was revealed that most types of undesirable vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in the Central part of Russia belong to Magnoliophyta (flowering, about 97 %) and Pinophyta (gymnosperms, about 3 %).It was revealed that most types of undesirable vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in the Central part of Russia belong to Magnoliophyta (flowering, about 97 %) and Pinophyta (gymnosperms, about 3 %). About 54 % of the protection zones of power lines and right of way of roads, as well as about 33 % of the right of way of railways in the Central part of Russia have a similar species composition of unwanted vegetation, however, the maximum similarity is not ensured by the location of sections of infrastructure facilities in close proximity to each other. For the protection zones of power lines, it is possible to determine the species composition of growing undesirable vegetation in one of these areas, followed by dissemination of the results of the study to another nearby area. For railroad right of way, such dissemination of the study results is inappropriate. In fact, on each of the sections of the right of way of roads and railways, as well as the routes of power transmission lines in Central Russia, such types of unwanted vegetation grow as ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L., with a share of participation in the studied plant communities from 6.3 % to 98.1 %) and smooth elm (Ulmus laevis Pall, with a share of 1.1 % to 41.1 %). Among the types of unwanted trees and shrubs most expected to grow in these territories, about 36 % are prone to their renewal by stump growth, about 42 % – by root offspring, about 22 % – by other means. To increase the efficiency of removing unwanted vegetation in order to properly maintain the territories of infrastructure facilities, it is recommended to apply methods and methods that provide for either mechanical removal of the specified vegetation along with its roots (for example, its uprooting), or a combined effect on it: removal of above-ground parts of vegetation in the fall with a mandatory subsequent spring herbicide treatment of emerging young stumps and root offspring.
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Karabanov, Dmitriy Pavlovich, Dmitry Pavlov, Eduard Vladimirovich Nikitin, Yuriy Solomatin, Tatiana Aleksandrovna Kostrykina, Alexey Konstantinovich Smirnov und Igor Stolbunov. „ANALYSIS OF SPECIES COMPOSITION, PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFICATION AND DISPERSAL PATHWAYS OF INVASIVE SPECIES OF FISH IN VOLGA RIVER BASIN“. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2020-3-7-17.
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The article describes the intensive economic activity in the second half of the 20th century, which, along with apparent global climatic changes in recent decades, led to an increase in the number of alien fish species in the water bodies of the Volga basin. There has been presented the data on the occurrence of invasive species in scientific catches in the Volga River reser-voirs, as well as in its unregulated areas and delta. The invaders’ share in the fish species composition varied from 8 to 32%, depending on the geography of sampling. Special attention is paid to the reasons and pathways of invasive species’ dispersal, as well as to changes in the genetic structure of their populations taking place during acclimatization to the new conditions. It has been proposed to utilize a combined genetic-morphological approach in order to enhance the species identification of found invaders. Collected material can be used in the development of control methods, as well as for suppressing the abundance of dangerous or undesirable invasive species
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Korunic, Zlatko. „Overview of undesirable effects of using diatomaceous earths for direct mixing with grains“. Pesticidi i fitomedicina 31, Nr. 1-2 (2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1602009k.
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Despite numerous advantages of diatomaceous earth (DE), its use for direct mixing with grains to control stored-product insects remains limited because of some very serious obstacles and disadvantages. The main obstacles preventing a wider use of DEs for mixing with grain, such as health concerns, the reduction in bulk density, differences in insect species tolerance to the same DE formulation, the effects of grain moisture and temperature on the effectiveness against insects, the influence of various commodities on DE efficacy, the use of DEs in some other fields, and possible solutions for overcoming DE limitations during direct mixing with grains are described in this manuscript. The same attempts have been made to discover new ways of increasing significantly the effectiveness against insects when much lower concentrations are used for direct mixing with grains. If these newer enhanced formulations can respond to the existing limitations of diatomaceous earth, a wider utilization of diatomaceous earth may be expected to control stored-product insect pests.
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Egorov, Alexander B., Lidiya N. Pavluchenkova, Anton M. Postnikov und Alexander A. Bubnov. „Growing Birch in Clear-cut Areas with Herbicide Application“. Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), Nr. 5 (01.11.2023): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-5-58-74.
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Birch, being one of the main forest-forming tree species, has valuable and soughtafter timber. In production forest conditions, natural regeneration and crops of this species experience strong competition from both grass cover and undesirable hardwoods (aspen, gray alder and willow). Without carrying out high-quality maintenance (agrotechnical care, clearing), the formation of economically valuable birch forests is impossible. The most effective and economical is the chemical care method, which involves the use of modern environmentally friendly herbicides. However, if technological regulations and practical recommendations for the use of herbicides have already been developed for the care of coniferous species (pine, spruce and others), then there are currently no such recommendations for birch. The aim of the research is to develop a scientifically based method of caring for natural young birch stands (clearing, agrotechnical care) using selective herbicides on forest fund lands. The objects of research are seed and vegetative regeneration of birch in young stands formed in clear-cut areas, as well as undesirable herbaceous and tree-shrub vegetation. When laying the experiments and evaluating their results, we were guided by the generally accepted methodology for testing herbicides in agriculture. In field production and small-scale experiments with herbicides magnum, magnum super, mortira and anchor-85 in young stands with birch trees, the biological effectiveness of the action of the preparations on a wide range of undesirable vegetation was determined, as well as their selectivity with respect to birch. High efficiency of herbicides magnum (100–300 g/ha) and magnum super (100–200 g/ha) on dicotyledonous species of herbaceous vegetation and deciduous species – willow, aspen, gray alder and mountain-ash, as well as high resistance of birch to them at continuous spraying during the growing season was established. Herbicides mortira (100–200 g/ha) and anchor-85 (100 g/ha) were recognized as unsuitable for birch care. It was found that after a single application of herbicide magnum at rates of 100 and 200 g/ha in mixed young stands dominated by aspen, willow and gray alder and with participation of birch 1–2 composition units, stands dominated by the latter are formed. For citation: Egorov A.B., Postnikov A.M., Bubnov A.A., Pavluchenkova L.N., Partolina A.N. Growing Birch in Clear-cut Areas with Herbicide Application. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 5, pp. 58–74. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-5-58-74
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Van Winkle, Lon J. „Amino Acid Transport and Metabolism Regulate Early Embryo Development: Species Differences, Clinical Significance, and Evolutionary Implications“. Cells 10, Nr. 11 (13.11.2021): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113154.
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In this review we discuss the beneficial effects of amino acid transport and metabolism on pre- and peri-implantation embryo development, and we consider how disturbances in these processes lead to undesirable health outcomes in adults. Proline, glutamine, glycine, and methionine transport each foster cleavage-stage development, whereas leucine uptake by blastocysts via transport system B0,+ promotes the development of trophoblast motility and the penetration of the uterine epithelium in mammalian species exhibiting invasive implantation. (Amino acid transport systems and transporters, such as B0,+, are often oddly named. The reader is urged to focus on the transporters’ functions, not their names.) B0,+ also accumulates leucine and other amino acids in oocytes of species with noninvasive implantation, thus helping them to produce proteins to support later development. This difference in the timing of the expression of system B0,+ is termed heterochrony—a process employed in evolution. Disturbances in leucine uptake via system B0,+ in blastocysts appear to alter the subsequent development of embryos, fetuses, and placentae, with undesirable consequences for offspring. These consequences may include greater adiposity, cardiovascular dysfunction, hypertension, neural abnormalities, and altered bone growth in adults. Similarly, alterations in amino acid transport and metabolism in pluripotent cells in the blastocyst inner cell mass likely lead to epigenetic DNA and histone modifications that produce unwanted transgenerational health outcomes. Such outcomes might be avoided if we learn more about the mechanisms of these effects.
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Benito, Calderón und Benito. „The Influence of Non-Saccharomyces Species on Wine Fermentation Quality Parameters“. Fermentation 5, Nr. 3 (30.06.2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030054.
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In the past, some microbiological studies have considered most non-Saccharomyces species to be undesirable spoilage microorganisms. For several decades, that belief made the Saccharomyces genus the only option considered by winemakers for achieving the best possible wine quality. Nevertheless, in recent decades, some strains of non-Saccharomyces species have been proven to improve the quality of wine. Non-Saccharomyces species can positively influence quality parameters such as aroma, acidity, color, and food safety. These quality improvements allow winemakers to produce innovative and differentiated wines. For that reason, the yeast strains Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Pichia kluyveri are now available on the market. Other interesting species, such as Starmerella bacillaris, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Hanseniospora spp., and others, will probably be available in the near future.
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Ghosh, Rajeshwary, Azra Alajbegovic und Aldrin V. Gomes. „NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015 (2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/536962.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide. NSAIDs are used for a variety of conditions including pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in reducing or relieving pain are well established, and other benefits such as reducing inflammation and anticancer effects are also documented. The undesirable side effects of NSAIDs include ulcers, internal bleeding, kidney failure, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Some of these side effects may be due to the oxidative stress induced by NSAIDs in different tissues. NSAIDs have been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cell types including cardiac and cardiovascular related cells. Increases in ROS result in increased levels of oxidized proteins which alters key intracellular signaling pathways. One of these key pathways is apoptosis which causes cell death when significantly activated. This review discusses the relationship between NSAIDs and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the role of NSAID-induced ROS in CVD.
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SHIH, TSAN-HUANG, CHIEN-MING CHEN, HSIN-WEI WANG, TUN-WEN PAI und HAO-TENG CHANG. „BiMFG: BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS FOR MARINE AND FRESHWATER SPECIES“. Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 08, supp01 (Dezember 2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720010005105.
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Biomolecule sequences and structures of land, air and water species are determined rapidly and the data entries are unevenly distributed for different organisms. It frequently leads to the BLAST results of homologous search containing undesirable entries from organisms living in different environments. To reduce irrelevant searching results, a separate database for comparative genomics is urgently required. A comprehensive bioinformatics tool set and an integrated database, named Bioinformatics tools for Marine and Freshwater Genomics (BiMFG), are constructed for comparative analyses among model species and underwater species. Novel matching techniques based on conserved motifs and/or secondary structure elements are designed for efficiently and effectively retrieving and aligning remote sequences through cross-species comparisons. It is especially helpful when sequences under analysis possess low similarities and unresolved structural information. In addition, the system provides core techniques of multiple sequence alignment, multiple second structure profile alignment and iteratively refined multiple structural alignments for biodiversity analysis and verification in marine and freshwater biology. The BiMFG web server is freely available for use at .
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Porteck, Kevin, Ansel Miller und Donald Ham. „Comparison of Alternative Maintenance Treatments for an Electric Transmission Right-Of-Way on Steep Mountainous Terrain“. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 21, Nr. 3 (01.05.1995): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1995.027.
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A study has been initiated to evaluate some alternative vegetation managementtechniques on an electrical transmission right-of-way in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Three years after right-of-way clearing, fourtreatments and a control were blocked on south-facing slopes at three locations. The treatments consisted of 1) clearcutting by chainsaw, 2) a selective low-volume basal application of herbicide to tall-growing species, 3) clearcutting followed by a selective application of a tree growth regulator to cut stumps, and 4) clearcutting followed by a nonselective application of a tree growth regulator to cut stumps. After two growing seasons, mean tree heights for the chainsaw clearing and selective herbicide treatments were not significantly different from the untreated control. Treatments consisting of chainsaw clearing followed by application of a growth regulator provided the lowest mean tree height. However, areas treated with a growth regulator exhibited the largest increase of undesirable tallgrowing tree seedlings. The chainsaw cutting treatment resulted in the greatest mean height for those species considered to be undesirable components of a right-of-way plant community, and yielded the largest number of sprouting stumps with the highest average number of sprouts per stump. Although the long-term treatment effects cannot clearly be determined after two growing seasons, the selective low-volume basal herbicide method has produced a tendency toward increasing the relative dominance of desirable species within the right-of-way.
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Hepps Keeney, Caitlin, und Tara M. Harrison. „Euthanasia Complications in Non-Domestic Species“. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, Nr. 4 (15.11.2022): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3040045.
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There are very few studies describing euthanasia complications in non-domestic species. The goal of this study was to survey veterinarians to determine what complications may commonly occur during the euthanasia of non-domestic species. An online survey was sent to seven professional organization listservs containing veterinarians most likely to practice on non-domestic species. Forty-one cases of euthanasia complications were reported. The most common taxa reported were mammals, (23/41, 56%), followed by avian (8/41, 20%), reptile (7/41, 17%), and fish (3/41, 7%). Most animals were reported to have been anesthetized prior to euthanasia (28/41, 68%). The most common method of euthanasia was pentobarbital (27/41, 66%). The reported euthanasia complications included “took an excessive amount of euthanasia solution” (12/41, 29%), “heart would not stop” (9/41, 22%), “animal awoke at a later time” (4/41, 10%), “a secondary method of euthanasia was required” (4/41, 10%), and “other” (12/41, 29%). This study reports complications that can occur during the euthanasia of non-domestic species. The concept of dysthanasia, a euthanasia with an undesirable outcome, has not been previously discussed in the context of zoo, wildlife, aquarium, and exotic pet practice. Strategies to reduce dysthanasia from both animal and human perspectives are explored, including alternative euthanasia techniques, principal-based euthanasia, and mental health implications.
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Broadfoot, K. G. „SEED CERTIFICATION“. NZGA: Research and Practice Series 5 (01.01.1990): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.5.1998.3333.
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The provision of good seed is an essential requirement for a healthy primary production industry. Without good seed, pastures and crops can be low producing, livestock production less than optimal and land not utilised to advantage. An effective Seed Industry needs: * Plant Breeders to produce suitable cultivars for the differing requirements in various parts of New Zealand. * An authority to supervise the multiplication of the seed produced by the breeder. * Skilled and efficient farmers to grow the seed. * Modern cleaning plants capable of removing impurities from the harvested seed. * An efficient seed trade to expedite the flow of seed from producer to consumer (NZ and overseas). * A means of ensuring that contaminated seed does not spread undesirable weeds through NZ. * Plant Quarantine regulations which can effectively prevent the entry of diseases, insects and undesirable species. * A prompt and accurate seed testing service. Seed certification is a means of achieving all these.
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Zielinski, Daniel P., Robert L. McLaughlin, Thomas C. Pratt, R. Andrew Goodwin und Andrew M. Muir. „Single-Stream Recycling Inspires Selective Fish Passage Solutions for the Connectivity Conundrum in Aquatic Ecosystems“. BioScience 70, Nr. 10 (16.09.2020): 871–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa090.
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Abstract Barrier removal is a recognized solution for reversing river fragmentation, but restoring connectivity can have consequences for both desirable and undesirable species, resulting in a connectivity conundrum. Selectively passing desirable taxa while restricting the dispersal of undesirable taxa (selective connectivity) would solve many aspects of the connectivity conundrum. Selective connectivity is a technical challenge of sorting an assortment of things. Multiattribute sorting systems exist in other fields, although none have yet been devised for freely moving organisms within a river. We describe an approach to selective fish passage that integrates ecology and biology with engineering designs modeled after material recycling processes that mirror the stages of fish passage: approach, entry, passage, and fate. A key feature of this concept is the integration of multiple sorting processes each targeting a specific attribute. Leveraging concepts from other sectors to improve river ecosystem function may yield fast, reliable solutions to the connectivity conundrum.