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Fellmann, Isabel Espinar, María José Carrasco Galán, Isabel Muñoz San Roque und Inés Carrasco Galán. „Spanish Adaptation of the Stepparent Role Strain Index“. Spanish Journal of Psychology 11, Nr. 1 (Mai 2008): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004352.
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Stepparent role strain refers to the fragile position of these family members in stepfamilies due to the lack of clear social expectations about their roles. This ambiguity facilitates family conflict and a lack of stepparents' integration into the family system. The aim of this paper is to adapt a pioneer measure of stepparent role strain—the Stepparent Role Strain Index of Whitsett and Land (1992)—in a Spanish sample and to analyze its construct validity. The final instrument is made up of 26 items which have good internal consistency (α = .89) and an underlying six-factor structure, explaining 64.50% of the total variance.
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SAMEROFF, ARNOLD J. „Developmental systems and psychopathology“. Development and Psychopathology 12, Nr. 3 (September 2000): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400003035.
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Efforts to understand the etiology of adult mental disorders by studying children has produced unanticipated changes in our understanding of pathology, individual development, and the role of social context. Among these are the blurring of the division between mental illness and mental health, the need to attend to patterns of adaptation rather than personality traits, and the powerful influences of the social world on individual development. Current developmental views place deviancy in the dynamic relation between individuals and their contexts. At another level, when we view the history of developmental psychopathology, dialectical developmental processes are evident as we trace how patterns of adaptation of researchers, expressed in theoretical models and empirical paradigms, increasingly have come to match the complexities of human mental health and illness.
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Moriguchi, Cristiane Shinohara, Michele Elisabete Rubio Alem, Marc van Veldhoven und Helenice Jane Cote Gil Coury. „Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of Brazilian Need for Recovery Scale“. Revista de Saúde Pública 44, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102010000100014.
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OBJECTIVE: To translate the Need for Recovery Scale (NFR) into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapt it and assess the stability, internal consistency and convergent validity of the Brazilian scale among industrial workers. METHODS: The translation process followed the guidelines for cultural adaptation of questionnaires including the steps of translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and pre-testing. The Brazilian Portuguese NFR, final version (Br-NFR) was assessed for stability (n=52) and internal consistency (n=192) and for convergent validity through simultaneous assessment with other instruments: the Borg Scale (n=59); the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (n=57) and 3 subscales of the SF-36 (n=56). RESULTS: Stability and internal consistency met the criterion for a reliable measure (ICC=0.80 and Cronbach's alpha =0.87, respectively). The convergent validity between Br-NFR and other instruments also showed good results: Borg Scale (r= 0.64); Chalder Questionnaire (r= 0.67); SF-36 subscales: vitality (r= -0.84), physical functioning (r= -0.54), and role-physical (r= -0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The Br-NFR proved to be a reliable instrument to evaluate work-related fatigue symptoms in industrial workers. Furthermore, it showed significant and good correlations with well-established instruments such as the Borg Scale, the Chalder Questionnaire and SF-36 vitality subscale, supporting the validity of the Br-NFR.
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Rasmussen, Tyler P., Yuejin Wu, Mei-ling A. Joiner, Olha M. Koval, Nicholas R. Wilson, Elizabeth D. Luczak, Qinchuan Wang et al. „Inhibition of MCU forces extramitochondrial adaptations governing physiological and pathological stress responses in heart“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, Nr. 29 (07.07.2015): 9129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504705112.
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Myocardial mitochondrial Ca2+ entry enables physiological stress responses but in excess promotes injury and death. However, tissue-specific in vivo systems for testing the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ are lacking. We developed a mouse model with myocardial delimited transgenic expression of a dominant negative (DN) form of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). DN-MCU mice lack MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ entry in myocardium, but, surprisingly, isolated perfused hearts exhibited higher O2 consumption rates (OCR) and impaired pacing induced mechanical performance compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls. In contrast, OCR in DN-MCU–permeabilized myocardial fibers or isolated mitochondria in low Ca2+ were not increased compared with WT, suggesting that DN-MCU expression increased OCR by enhanced energetic demands related to extramitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Consistent with this, we found that DN-MCU ventricular cardiomyocytes exhibited elevated cytoplasmic [Ca2+] that was partially reversed by ATP dialysis, suggesting that metabolic defects arising from loss of MCU function impaired physiological intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is thought to dissipate the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and enhance formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our data show that DN-MCU hearts had preserved ΔΨm and reduced ROS during ischemia reperfusion but were not protected from myocardial death compared with WT. Taken together, our findings show that chronic myocardial MCU inhibition leads to previously unanticipated compensatory changes that affect cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis, reprogram transcription, increase OCR, reduce performance, and prevent anticipated therapeutic responses to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Konduk, Burak Cem. „The role of performance feedback consistency in aspiration level adaptation: Evidence from a European grocery retailer“. Journal of General Management 45, Nr. 1 (06.09.2019): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307019849764.
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This study investigates whether and how the impact of drivers of aspiration levels changes across the cases of consistent and inconsistent performance feedback within the context of a retailer. Analysis of internal corporate data shows that while past aspiration level and performance–aspiration gap positively influence the current aspiration level in the case of inconsistent feedback, performance feedback consistency changes only the impact of performance relative to peers. This study replicates past research in a different industry and country due to limited empirical evidence, introduces real-world complexity into aspiration theory, pinpoints performance–aspiration gap as the primary performance feedback, introduces a new sign for the impact of performance relative to peers, and reconciles its previously detected mixed impact. The findings suggest that organizational attention has an inward focus in the case of inconsistent feedback. The results also point out that leaders can trigger change through a performance outcome that lags behind the corresponding aspiration level rather than the performance of peers and eventually move their organizations toward high performance targets by starting with feasible rather than stretch goals.
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Cantor-Cutiva, Lady Catherine, María Celina Malebrán Bezerra de Mello und Eric J. Hunter. „Translation and adaptation of the Vocal Fatigue Index into Spanish“. Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud 2, Nr. 2 (28.12.2020): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46634/riics.29.
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Aim: the purpose of this study was to translate and adapt the English version of the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) into the Spanish language. Methods: the English version of the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) was translated into Spanish by two bilingual speech-language pathologists, and then was back-translated into English. The Spanish VFI (o “Índice de Fatiga Vocal”, IFV) was administrated to a pilot group of 10 individuals, which revealed some small typographical and grammatical adjustments to the index. The final updated version was then administrated to 34 subjects (21 with voice disorders, and 13 without voice disorders). Internal consistency and scale reliability were analyzed using Cronbach alpha coefficient. Results: a high Cronbach alpha coefficient for the three factors (0.87) was obtained. The results of the item role in reliability of the Spanish VFI demonstrated that all of them showed a positive role according to this criterion. The results of the ANOVA indicate a statistically significant difference between groups on the three scores of the Spanish translation of the VFI. In comparison to the healthy participants, those with voice disorders obtained statistically significant higher scores for the Spanish VFI subscales. Conclusion: the present study suggests that the Spanish translation of the Vocal Fatigue Index has a good internal consistency and high reliability on each of the three factors. The results suggest that the Spanish VFI can be used reliably to identify persons with vocal fatigue and has good clinical validity.
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Bey, Katharina, Julia V. Lippold, Behrem Aslan, René Hurlemann und Ulrich Ettinger. „Effects of lorazepam on prosaccades and saccadic adaptation“. Journal of Psychopharmacology 35, Nr. 1 (04.12.2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120972424.
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Background: Benzodiazepines have reliable adverse effects on saccadic eye movements, but the impact of sex as a potential modulator of these effects is less clear. A recent study reported stronger adverse effects on the spatial consistency of saccades in females, which may reflect sex differences in cerebellar mechanisms. Aims: We aimed to further examine the role of sex as a potential modulator of benzodiazepine effects by employing the saccadic adaptation paradigm, which is known to be sensitive to cerebellar functioning. Methods: A total of n=50 healthy adults performed a horizontal step prosaccade task and a saccadic adaptation task under 0.5 mg lorazepam, 1 mg lorazepam and placebo in a double-blind, within-subjects design. Results: In the prosaccade task, lorazepam had adverse effects on measures of peak velocity, latency and spatial consistency. The administration of 0.5 mg lorazepam led to significant reductions in gain-decrease adaptation, while a dose of 1 mg did not impair adaptation learning. Gain-increase adaptation was generally less pronounced, and unaffected by the drug. There were no significant drug×sex interactions in either task. Conclusions: We conclude that a low dose of lorazepam impairs gain-decrease adaptation independent of sex. At higher doses, however, increasing fatigue may facilitate adaptation and thus counteract the adverse effects observed at lower doses. With regards to prosaccades, our findings confirm peak velocity as well as latency and spatial measures as sensitive biomarkers of GABAergic effects.
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Jaeschke, Anna-Marie C., Michael L. Sachs und Kristen D. Dieffenbach. „Ultramarathon Runners’ Perceptions of Mental Toughness: A Qualitative Inquiry“. Sport Psychologist 30, Nr. 3 (September 2016): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0153.
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Ultramarathon running entails coping with unanticipated environmental circumstances and intense physical and psychological fatigue; a sport in which the role of mental toughness can be crucial. This research focused on semistructured interviews with 12 ultramarathon runners who volunteered to discuss their perceptions of mental toughness. The data allowed researchers to gather a multidimensional view of mental toughness from ultramarathon runners’ experiences and perspective in addition to providing a snapshot of the challenges and demands ultrarunners face, as well as ethical concerns associated with athletes pushing themselves beyond their limits. Central themes included: perseverance/persistence, overcoming adversity, perspective, life experience, psychological skills use, and camaraderie in the ultra community. A deeper understanding of mental toughness obtained from a sample of ultramarathon runners can inform consultants working to improve quality or consistency of performance, and become aware of ethical concerns of encouraging athletes to exceed perceptual or actual limitations.
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Ward, Mary J., Brian E. Vaughn und Martha D. Robb. „Social-Emotional Adaptation and Infant-Mother Attachment in Siblings: Role of the Mother in Cross-Sibling Consistency“. Child Development 59, Nr. 3 (Juni 1988): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1130564.
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Ko, Kenton, Kelvin Chan, Katherine Karakasis und Babak Pedram. „Plastid protein delivery: coping with diversityThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.“ Canadian Journal of Botany 84, Nr. 4 (April 2006): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-040.
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Plastids play a central role in a variety of biosynthetic activities such as photosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, and oil production. Many of these activities depend on the compartment’s ability to adapt appropriately to the ever-changing environment of a plant cell. The pressure to adapt can arise from both internal and external sources. The complex nature of these adaptation activities is likely to be mirrored in the diversity of proteins being transported in a given situation. This diversity can be manifested at all molecular levels of the proteins, from different transit signal-bearing preproteins to different structural versions of the same preprotein. Unanticipated changes can also arise spontaneously upon exposing the population of translocating proteins to environmental stress, for example heat or cold. It is therefore important for plastids to maintain a responsive and efficient protein transport process to accommodate all situations, immediately or for the longer-term. By drawing on existing evidence, this review explores specific structural features or schemes for adapting the plastid protein delivery process and speculates on other adaptation possibilities for future consideration.
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Juni, Samuel. „Cultural Estrangement Revisited: A Contemporary Adaptation with Reference to Gender, and to Ethnic and Racial Foci“. Psychological Reports 83, Nr. 3_suppl (Dezember 1998): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1251.
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Cultural estrangement was originally formulated as a measure of alienation, and operationalized as the extent to which one's opinions differ from those of primary and secondary identifcation groups. In the original empirical measure, four items measured the consistency of one's opinions with those of relatives, friends, coreligionists, and co-citizens, respectively. This study added three items deemed salient to group identity in contemporary society: gender, ethnicity, and race. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability data are presented for the original and modified versions of the scale, supporting the new scale format. Differentials among the correlations are discussed with regard to the role of friendships within the context of alienation. It is argued that the basic construct may well be reconceptualized as entailing cultural independence or emancipation instead of estrangement.
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Et.al, Hapsah Md Yusof. „Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity Inventory in the Malay Language“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 3 (10.04.2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.667.
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Objective: To date, there are very limited instruments published in Malaysia in measuring role conflict and role ambiguity among counselors-in-training in supervision during practicum and internship training. The Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity Inventory (RCRAI) was developed to address the critical issues in trainees’ perception of role difficulties in supervision. The original version of the RCRAI demonstrated satisfactory reliability and high internal consistency. Thus, this study aims to translate the RCRAI into the Malay language and cross-culturally adapt the instrument to be used in the Malaysia setting.
Methods: The Malay-language version of the RCRAI was developed according to the cross-cultural adaptation process methodology. The process included the following steps: translations; a synthesized of the translated versions; back-translations; a synthesized back-translated version; review by expert comittees, pretested instrument, and revised instrument. The RCRAI was pretested among 30 CITs between the age of 23 and 48 years old who enrolled in the practicum course, with the objective of determining the comprehensibility and clarity of the items for the target population.
Results: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the RCRAI followed for recommendations. The linguistic issues that emerged during the process were discussed by the subject matter experts and were slightly modified. During the pre-test, participants reported that the items on the questionnaire were clear, comprehensible and reliable to be used in the Malaysian context.
Conclusions: The translation of the RCRAI into Malay and its cross-cultural adaptation were successful. Additional studies are needed to test the validity and psychometric properties of this Malay version in Malaysia.
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Ogunsola, Kazeem, Rodrique Ancelot Harvey Fontaine und Mohammad Tahir Jan. „A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and psychometric validation of SISRI-24 among Malaysian Teachers“. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, Nr. 10 (10.11.2019): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.610.7243.
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The paper is aimed at validating the psychometric properties of SISRI-24 for effective performance among teachers in Malaysia. Through a list-based simple random sampling of 373 teachers, SISRI -24 was translated, adapted and validated. Using TCA procedure, experts validated the translated the instrument from both linguistic structure and semantic point of view. Its internal consistency was validated with Cronbach’s Alpha and CFA.
EFA varimax normalized rotation extracted four components. Measure of internal consistency had Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.911. CFA validated SISRI-19my with χ² / df ratio (354.512 / 141) = 2.514, RMSEA (0.077) and CFI (0.921) as reasonable spiritual intelligence fit model for Malaysian teachers.
The adequacy of this paper’s findings is promising, suggesting that the Malaysian version of spiritual Intelligence self-Assessment Inventory scale would provide a valid instrument to develop spiritual intelligence among teachers. Practically, it would stimulate teaching interest irrespective of exigencies. Socially, it models spirited leaders whose role revolves on grooming younger generations towards nation building. Psychological, it acts as catalyst towards improved wellness. Theoretically, it contributes to body of knowledge on spirituality and organizational behaviour.
Apart from the study being cross-sectional, it was limited only to private secondary school teachers. Future study may include other strata of teachers to improve SISRI-19my version.
The study offers the first to empirically translate, adapt and validate a Malaysian version of SISRI-24.
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Nagai, Takashi, Yoshikazu Ishii, Kengo Kohiyama, Takahiro Takenaka und Takashi Yamada. „Development of the final version of the occupational adaptation questionnaire for family caregivers“. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 33, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1569186120983356.
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Background Given the growing role of family caregivers in meeting the increasing demand for ageing-related care in Japan, the occupational adaptation of family caregivers needs to be evaluated. Methods This study developed the Occupational Adaptation Questionnaire for Family Caregivers (OAQC) and evaluated its reliability, validity, and effectiveness. To develop the OAQC item pool, the construct ‘Occupation of nursing care engaged in by family caregivers’ was evaluated. Using the Delphi method, 8 experts evaluated 64 items and confirmed that 41 items adequately represented the domain. The scale was then completed by 216 family caregivers of users of outpatient service establishments affiliated with hospitals in the Chubu region. The validity of the scale items was tested, and statistical analysis was performed. The construct validity and internal consistency of the OAQC were examined using exploratory factor analysis and the ω coefficient, respectively. Results The discrimination ability and difficulty level were calculated using the item response theory. The findings showed that the scale’s reliability and validity were satisfactory. Construct validity was acceptable for 16 items with 5 factors. The OAQC also had high internal consistency, reliability, and effectiveness. The item slope parameters and difficulty parameters revealed good item response, indicating that the scale could effectively measure family caregivers’ occupational adaptation. Conclusion The scale was compatible with the data obtained from family caregivers. Given its overall effectiveness, data obtained using the OAQC can contribute towards implementing personal care support programs for caregivers and enriching their lives by offering support from an occupational adaptation perspective.
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Ling, Scott D., und Alistair J. Hobday. „National research planning accelerates relevance and immediacy of climate-adaptation science“. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, Nr. 1 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17330.
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Adapting to climate change is contingent on an ability to adjust before opportunity is lost. Given that research funding to understand adaptation is limited, rapid return on investment is critical. For Australian marine environments, climate-change impacts are well documented and adaptation opportunities have been identified across aquaculture, fisheries, conservation and tourism sectors. Here, we have evaluated the recent Australian scientific literature to determine (1) the degree to which climate-change impacts and adaptation have been addressed across sectors, and, specifically, (2) the role of a major research program instituted in 2009 to address priority climate-change questions for these sectors, namely, Australia’s ‘National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan for Marine Biodiversity and Resources’ (MNARP). Although the number of priority questions addressed by the general scientific literature increased in the 2009–2015 period, there was a 92% increase in the number of priority questions addressed during the peak of MNARP (2013–2014). MNARP research also addressed a greater range of priority questions than did the general scientific literature, which showed consistency in the questions and study systems examined. Overall, structured research planning focussed attention on key climate-change questions, which is a critical consideration for enacting adaptation in the face of rapid climate change.
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Keane, Mark T. „On Adaptation in Analogy: Tests of Pragmatic Importance and Adaptability in Analogical Problem Solving“. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 49, Nr. 4 (November 1996): 1062–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755671.
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When people use analogies to solve problems, they form an analogical mapping between two domains of knowledge. This mapping may support inferences by analogy that suggest a novel solution to a problem. Several factors have been proposed to be important in selecting this mapping from among several alternative mappings: structural factors (systematicity and structural consistency) and pragmatic factors (the exploitation of higher-order planning categories). We suggest another set of factors plays a role in selecting mappings: adaptability. Specifically, if a mapped solution can be adapted easily to a problem, then it will be preferred over an alternative mapping that is less adaptable. Two experiments are reported which test the effects of pragmatic and adaptation factors, using a novel technique in which the story analogue has two alternative plans, either of which can be used to solve an insight problem. In Experiment 1, these plans were varied in terms of their pragmatic importance (success or failure) and their adaptability. In Experiment 2, the relative adaptability of plans was manipulated. The results suggest that there is little evidence for these specific pragmatic factors, but that adaptability plays a definite role in selecting an analogous plan. The findings suggest that most models need to be extended to include adaptation constraints.
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Ayyoub, Kalache, Farid Mokhati und Mourad Badri. „Towards a New Approach for Controlling the Reorganization Process of Multi-Agent Systems“. International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 6, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2014040104.
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Reorganization in Multi-Agent Systems plays a crucial role in the dynamic adaptation of the structure and the behaviour of organizations. In order to ensure consistency of the resulting organization, the reorganization process has to be controlled. This paper proposes a novel approach for controlling the reorganization process of Multi-Agent Systems, which are specified and implemented using the Framework OMACS (Organizational Model for Adaptive Computational Systems). The proposed control process is accomplished using the Framework MOP (Monitoring Oriented Programming) for supporting the verification of some reorganizational properties. The proposed approach, supported by a software tool that we developed, is illustrated using a concrete case study.
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Durá, Estrella, Yolanda Andreu, Maria José Galdón, Elena Ibáñez, Sandra Pérez, Maite Ferrando, Sergio Murgui und Paula Martínez. „Emotional Suppression and Breast Cancer: Validation Research on the Spanish Adaptation of the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS)“. Spanish journal of psychology 13, Nr. 1 (Mai 2010): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600003966.
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Emotional suppression has played an important role in the research on psychosocial factors related to cancer. It has been argued to be an important psychological factor predicting worse psychosocial adjustment in people with cancer and it may mediate health outcomes. The reference instrument in the research on emotional suppression is the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). The present study analysed construct validity of a new Spanish adaptation of the CECS in a sample of 175 breast cancer patients. The results confirmed the proposal by Watson and Greer claiming that the CECS is composed of three subscales that measure different dimensions, but not independent, from emotional control. The present Spanish version of the CECS showed high internal consistency in each subscale as well as the total score. According to Derogatis (BSI-18) criteria, emotional suppression predicts clinically significant distress. In short, our results support the reliability, validity and utility of this Spanish adaptation of the CECS in clinical and research settings.
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Heydarpour, Sousan, Zohreh Keshavarz, Maryam Bakhtiari und Farid Zayeri. „Maternal Role Adaptation Scale in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (MRAS: NICU): Development, Validation and Psychometric Tests“. Global Journal of Health Science 9, Nr. 4 (10.08.2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p115.
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<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Maternal role adaptation involves conceptualization and establishment of a responsible maternal role, which is characterized by a new identity and formation of mothering behaviors. Becoming a mother in intensive care unit is very different from becoming a mother with a term infant at home. The aim of the study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessment of maternal role adaptation of mothers with preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This was an exploratory study which was conducted in 2 phase of qualitative and quantitative. A 90-item scale was developed after semi-structured interviews with 25 mothers and review of literature. After merging the similar items, it reduced to 45-item scale. Validity was determined through assessment of face, content and constructs validities, and reliability was confirmed through internal consistency and test-retest.</p><p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Face validity led to elimination of 2 items, and further 8 items were eliminated through content validity index with cut-off point 0.79 and content validity ratio with cut-off point 0.42. Thus, the number of items reduced to 35-item. In exploratory factor analysis, 6 factors were identified that explained 54% of the variance. Construct validity led to elimination of 3 other items, and the final scale was developed with 32 items. Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient were 0.77 and 0.81 respectively.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> The 32-item “Maternal role adaptation scale in mothers with preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units” <strong>(MRAS: NICU)</strong> is a valid and reliable tool.</p>
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Wang, Tony S. L., und Joo-Hyun Song. „Impaired visuomotor generalization by inconsistent attentional contexts“. Journal of Neurophysiology 118, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 1709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00089.2017.
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In daily life, people are constantly presented with situations in which they have to learn and acquire new motor skills in complex environments, where attention is often distracted by other events. Being able to generalize and perform the acquired motor action in different environments is a crucial part of visuomotor learning. The current study examined whether attentional distraction impairs generalization of visuomotor adaptation or whether consistent distraction can operate as an internal cue to facilitate generalization. Using a dual-task paradigm combining visuomotor rotational adaptation and an attention-demanding secondary task, we showed that switching the attentional context from training (dual-task) to generalization (single-task) reduced the range of transfer of visuomotor adaptation to untrained directions. However, when consistent distraction was present throughout training and generalization, visuomotor generalization was equivalent to without distractions at all. Furthermore, this attentional context-dependent generalization was evident even when sensory modality of distractions differed between training and generalization. Therefore, the general nature of the dual tasks, rather than the specific stimuli, is associated with visuomotor memory and serves as a critical cue for generalization. Taken together, we demonstrated that attention plays a critical role during sensorimotor adaptation in selecting and associating multisensory signals with motor memory. This finding provides insight into developing learning programs that are generalizable in complex daily environments. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Learning novel motor actions in complex environments with attentional distraction is a critical function. Successful motor learning involves the ability to transfer the acquired skill from the trained to novel environments. Here, we demonstrate attentional distraction does not impair visuomotor adaptation. Rather, consistency in the attentional context from training to generalization modulates the degree of transfer to untrained locations. The role of attention and memory must, therefore, be incorporated into existing models of visuomotor learning.
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Śledzik, Amelia, und Paweł Szlendak. „DYSPHAGIA IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS“. Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, Nr. 9 (2020): 1848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202009108.
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Introduction: Neurogenic dysphagia is a frequent disorder affecting people with neurological diseases. Many experts work together to diagnose and treat dysphagia. The aim: The article focuses on the specificity of neurogenic dysphagia, its symptoms and treatment possibilities. The speech pathologist can be included in the diagnostic process and can evaluate the intake of liquids and foods based on a variety of consistency tests. In clinical conditions, screening tests such as water swallowing test, multiple consistency tests: GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen), V-VST (Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test) and EAT-10 questionnaire can be used successfully. If you have limited ability to perform instrumental tests, they can help you to expand your diagnosis. Review and Discussion:Treatment of swallowing disorders is based on a daily modification of the patient’s posture and consistency of the eaten meals. Nursing staff are involved in this adaptation activity, which plays an invaluable role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in neurological and rehabilitation departments. Conclusions: Despite the knowledge of the problem, difficulty swallowing is still unnoticed. The effects of this neglect are felt both for patients and from the perspective of management within treatment units For people suffering from neurological diseases, swallowing disorders should be diagnosed on a compulsory basis and their assessment should be a permanent part of the standard procedures for assessing patients with neurological deficits.
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Tang, Xiaoqing, Wenjie Duan, Ying Wang und Pengfei Guo. „The development of Negative Self-Beliefs Inventory (NSBI): cultural adaptation and psychometric validation“. PeerJ 3 (20.10.2015): e1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1312.
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Social anxiety is an emotional disorder common to various populations around the world. The newly developed Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale (SBSA) aims to assess three kinds of self-beliefs through 15 items that include self-related cognitive factors that evidently result in social anxiety. This study explored the psychometric characteristics of SBSA among 978 Chinese. An eight-item Negative Self-beliefs Inventory (NSBI) was developed through qualitative and quantitative analyses. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis suggested that NSBI contained clear, meaningful, stable, and invariant three-factor structure consistent with the original SBSA. Further analyses showed that the three subscales and the entire scale exhibited high internal consistency (0.779–0.837), good criterion validity, and good convergent and divergent validity (i.e., negative associations with flourishing and positive associations with anxiety, depression, and stress). These findings indicated that NSBI is reliable and valid for measuring negative self-beliefs in the Chinese population. A higher total score of NSBI indicates the more serious negative self-beliefs. Limitations of the present study and implications for research and practice were also discussed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the predictive ability, incremental validity, and potential role of NSBI in clinical and large-scale populations.
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Aqeel, Muhammad, Humaira Jami und Ammar Ahmed. „Translation, adaptation, and cross-language validation of student: thinking about my homework scale (STP)“. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 10, Nr. 5 (11.12.2017): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-05-2017-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the reliability and validity of an expended scale with translation, adaptation and cross-language validation of the student: thinking about my homework (STP) (Bareno, 1997; Hoover-Dempsey et al., 1999; Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler, 2005). Design/methodology/approach Response items rating are made from four-point Likert-type scales ranging from the 1 (never) to 4 (always). This study includes two versions of the scale: mother’s school involvement version (STPM) and father’s school Involvement version (STPF). Both versions have been translated from English language into Urdu language with a sample of 200 students. Standard back translation method was used for translation and adaption of the scale (Brislin, 1976; Hambleton, 1994). The ages of the students ranged from 12 to 18 years. Findings The overall scale has good internal consistency reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to explore covert and novel configuration of these versions (father’s school involvement and mother’s school involvement). Results revealed that mother’s school involvement consisted of 21 items, and father’s school involvement consisted of 22 items. Originality/value The investigated scale provides assessment of father’s and mother’s school involvement, respectively, in order to achieve better understanding of family’s role in academics.
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Mdivani, M. O., und E. V. Lidskaya. „The Russian Version of the Short Gender Role Beliefs Scale (GRBS)“. Social Psychology and Society 11, Nr. 3 (2020): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110312.
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Objective. Translation, adaptation and psychometric verification of the 10-item Gender Role Beliefs Scale for Russian-speaking respondents. Background. A short version of GRBS was developed in 2012 by American psychologists M. Brown and N. Gladstone from New York University. The basis was the popular questionnaire of gender roles, de¬veloped in 1996. M. Brown and N. Gladstone reduced it to 10 items and tested it for reliability and validity. Study design. The study was conducted on the Internet based on self-selected Web surveys and subsequent sampling. Participants. The sample included 400 respondents (41% of men and 59% of women). Half of the respondents were middle-aged Russians, from 26 to 35 years old, 66% of the respondents had higher education. Measurements. For data processing, factor and descriptive analysis and suitability analysis of the scale (a Cronbach) were used. For statistical data processing, the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used. Results. The results showed an identity of the factor structure with the original and sufficient consistency of the Russian version of the scale. The Russian version also showed a sufficient level of construct validity. Conclusions. A short scale of gender role beliefs can be used in the study of traditional ideology about the roles of men and women existing in modern society. The shortness of the scale allows to include it in a series of other questionnaires and conduct online research on large samples.
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Langher, Viviana, Andrea Caputo, Agnese Giacchetta, Valentina Nannini, Francesca Sollazzo, Paola Medde, Guido Orsi und Nicola Piccinini. „Which affects affect the use of new technologies? Italian adaptation of the internet motive questionnaire for adolescents (IMQ-A) and criterion validity with problematic use and body dissatisfaction“. Psihologija 52, Nr. 3 (2019): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi181119003l.
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Given the negative role of problematic use of new technological devices (NTD) in behavioral and psychological domains, the aim of the study is the Italian adaptation and validation of the Internet Motive Questionnaire for Adolescents (IMQ-A) in order to understand the motivation for the use of NTD. A total of 769 students 10?19 aged (M = 13.22, SD = 1.56) completed the IMQ-A, the Collins Figures Rating Scale, and two measures regarding the problematic NTD use, focused on overuse during the night and during meals. The IMQ-A showed adequate internal consistency with regard to its four subscales: Coping (? = .84), Social (? = .80), Enhancement (? = .80), and Conformity (? = .68) motives. However, with regard to factorial structure, a threefactor model (excluding Conformity subscale) showed slightly better fit indices than the original model. Coping motive was correlated with problematic NTD use and succeeded in predicting higher scores in body dissatisfaction as evidence of criterion-related and external validity. The Italian adaptation of the IMQ-A can be useful in both research and clinical fields, in order to propose alternative strategies for coping to users and to improve emotion regulation facets.
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Guidetti, Elena, und Matteo Robiglio. „The Transformative Potential of Ruins: A Tool for a Nonlinear Design Perspective in Adaptive Reuse“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 10 (18.05.2021): 5660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105660.
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In recent years, the heritage preservation debate has seen a growing interest in emerging theories in which the concept of potential plays an essential role. Starting from the assumption that memory is an evolving mental construct, the present paper introduces the concept of “transformative potential” in existing buildings. This novel concept regards the inevitability of loss and the self-destructive potential as part of the transformation of each building. The “transformative potential” is defined here as the relationship between spatial settings and material consistency. This research hypothesizes five “transformative potential” types by analyzing five best-practices adapted ruins in the last 15 years. The analysis integrates quantitative and qualitative research methods: morphological analysis (dimensional variations, critical redrawing, configuration patterns) and decay stages evaluation (shearing layers analysis, adaptation approaches). The goal is to test the “transformative potential” effectiveness in outlining patterns between specific stages of decay and adaptive design projects. Adaptation projects may actualize this potential in a specific time through incremental and decremental phases, outlining a nonlinear relationship between decay and memory. The study provides insights for future research on adapting existing buildings in a particular decay stage.
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Neto, David Dias, Inês Rocha, Maria João Figueiras und Ana Nunes Da Silva. „Measuring Mental Health Literacy : Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS)“. European Journal of Mental Health 16, Nr. 1 (2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5708/ejmh.16.2021.1.5.
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Understanding mental health literacy is essential for promoting empowerment and proactivity in patients, reducing stigma, and increasing population awareness. The constitutive dimensions of mental health literacy are still being researched, and instruments’ research can shed light on the involved processes. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) is a self-report measure of mental health literacy. This study aimed to adapt the MHLS to Portuguese and evaluate mental health literacy in a broad sample. A broad sample of 337 individuals participated in the adaptation. Besides filling out the MHLS, the participants were invited to fill out a general lifestyle measure. The global results reveal a good internal consistency of the MHLS. A three-factor structure (i.e., attitudes towards mental illness, knowledge about mental illness, and the ability to recognize symptoms) explained 35% of the total variance. Despite not finding an association with the general lifestyle measure, the MHLS scored higher in women and individuals with higher schooling, as expected. The results reinforce the role of MHLS as a useful measure of mental health literacy. The identified structure is discussed in light of the current understanding and implications of this essential process.
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Jacobsen, B. J., N. K. Zidack und B. J. Larson. „The Role of Bacillus-Based Biological Control Agents in Integrated Pest Management Systems: Plant Diseases“. Phytopathology® 94, Nr. 11 (November 2004): 1272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.11.1272.
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Bacillus-based biological control agents (BCAs) have great potential in integrated pest management (IPM) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other IPM management tools. Unfortunately, most research has focused on BCAs as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. IPM has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for IPM definition: “A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks.” This review will examine the integrated use of Bacillus-based BCAs with disease management tools, including resistant cultivars, fungicides or bactericides, or other BCAs. This integration is important because the consistency and degree of disease control by Bacillus-based BCAs is rarely equal to the control afforded by the best fungicides or bactericides. In theory, integration of several tools brings stability to disease management programs. Integration of BCAs with other disease management tools often provides broader crop adaptation and both more efficacious and consistent levels of disease control. This review will also discuss the use of Bacillus-based BCAs in fungicide resistance management. Work with Bacillus thuringiensis and insect pest management is the exception to the relative paucity of reports but will not be the focus of this review.
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Rapoport, Mark. „Life satisfaction in older adults in Spain: beyond subjective health“. International Psychogeriatrics 31, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218002132.
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Many authors over the centuries have attempted to refute popular negative stereotypes about aging. In 2010, Depp, Vahia, and Jeste reviewed theories of success in aging (Depp et al., 2010), and some examples include Erikson's life stage theory in which he posited that successful resolution of earlier conflicts led to integrity in later life instead of despair; disengagement theory referred to the fact that in our culture, aging is associated with social isolation and reduced societal involvement – with this theory, successful adaptation to aging means coping with this normative disengagement in a healthy manner; activity theory referred to continued engagement in later life; continuity theory emphasized the role of adapting oneself to maintain consistency with earlier life roles. The common theme is that longevity is not enough, and a successful aging process means delaying the onset of disability, compressing morbidity, or shortening the proportion of the lifespan in which one is disabled.
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Feng, Yi. „Linguistic Adaptation, Validation and Comparison of 3 Routinely Used Neuropathic Pain Questionnaires“. Pain Physician 2;15, Nr. 2;3 (14.03.2012): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/179.
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Background: Neuropathic pain questionnaires are efficient diagnostic tools for neuropathic pain and play an important role in neuropathic pain epidemiologic studies in China. No comparison data was available in regards to the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), the Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) and ID Pain within and among the same population. Objective: To achieve a linguistic adaptation, validation, and comparison of Chinese versions of the 3 neuropathic pain questionnaires (LANSS, NPQ and ID Pain). Study design: A nonrandomized, controlled, prospective, multicenter trial. Setting: Ten pain centers in China. Methods: Two forward translations followed by comparison and reconciliation of the translations. Comparison of the 2 backward translations with the original version was made to establish consistency and accuracy of the translations. Pilot testing and pain specialists’ evaluations were also required. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in 10 centers throughout China: 70 neuropathic pain patients and 70 nociceptive pain patients. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Guttman split-half coefficients) and validity (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves and the area under the ROC curves) of the 3 questionnaires were determined. ROC curves and the area under the ROC curves of the 3 questionnaires were also compared. Results: Chinese versions of LANSS, NPQ and ID Pain had a good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Guttman split-half coefficients were greater than 0.7). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Chinese versions of LANSS and ID Pain were considerably high (> 80%). The area under the ROC curves of LANSS and ID Pain was significantly higher than that of NPQ (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the area under the ROC curves of LANSS and ID Pain (P > 0.05). Limitation: The study was based on patients with a high school degree or above, which limited the application of the 3 neuropathic pain questionnaires to patients with lower educational levels. Conclusion: The Chinese versions of LANSS and ID Pain developed and validated by this study can be used as a diagnostic tool in differentiating neuropathic pain in patients whose native language is Chinese (Mandarin). Key words: Neuropathic pain, questionnaire, scale, LANSS, NPQ, ID Pain, reliability, validity.
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Tasic, Radica, Nina Rajovic, Vedrana Pavlovic, Bosiljka Djikanovic, Srdjan Masic, Igor Velickovic, Danka Mostic et al. „Nursery teachers in preschool institutions facing burnout: Are personality traits attributing to its development?“ PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 11 (20.11.2020): e0242562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242562.
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Introduction The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursery teachers in Belgrade's preschool institutions, and to assess the role of personality traits in its development. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in all Belgrade’s preschool institutions. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory- General Survey (MBI-GS). The MBI-GS adaptation was based on an internationally accepted methodology for translation and cultural adaptation. Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the MBI-GS were analyzed through the examination of factorial structure and internal consistency. A shortened version of Big Five Plus Two questionnaire was used to measure Personality traits. Results Three hundred two health care professionals were enrolled. The mean age was 38±9.2 years and all were female. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure of the questionnaire (exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy). Overall, 251 (83.1%) respondents were found to have moderate burnout. In multiple regression analysis, positive valence and conscientiousness were significantly associated with professional efficacy. Aggressiveness, neuroticism, openness, and age, were significantly associated with exhaustion. Aggressiveness, neuroticism and additional jobs showed association with cynicism. Conclusion Present study provided the evidence for the appropriate metric properties of the Serbian version of MBI-GS. Most nurses demonstrated moderate burnout level. Personality traits are characteristics that affect presence of burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working in preschool institutions.
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Jarrett, Daniel, Eleanor Stride, Katherine Vallis und Mark J. Gooding. „Applications and limitations of machine learning in radiation oncology“. British Journal of Radiology 92, Nr. 1100 (August 2019): 20190001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190001.
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Machine learning approaches to problem-solving are growing rapidly within healthcare, and radiation oncology is no exception. With the burgeoning interest in machine learning comes the significant risk of misaligned expectations as to what it can and cannot accomplish. This paper evaluates the role of machine learning and the problems it solves within the context of current clinical challenges in radiation oncology. The role of learning algorithms within the workflow for external beam radiation therapy are surveyed, considering simulation imaging, multimodal fusion, image segmentation, treatment planning, quality assurance, and treatment delivery and adaptation. For each aspect, the clinical challenges faced, the learning algorithms proposed, and the successes and limitations of various approaches are analyzed. It is observed that machine learning has largely thrived on reproducibly mimicking conventional human-driven solutions with more efficiency and consistency. On the other hand, since algorithms are generally trained using expert opinion as ground truth, machine learning is of limited utility where problems or ground truths are not well-defined, or if suitable measures of correctness are not available. As a result, machines may excel at replicating, automating and standardizing human behaviour on manual chores, meanwhile the conceptual clinical challenges relating to definition, evaluation, and judgement remain in the realm of human intelligence and insight.
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Kamalipour, Hesam. „Improvising Places: The Fluidity of Space in Informal Settlements“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 6 (15.03.2020): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062293.
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This paper engages with how the incremental production of space works in informal settlements. As one of the critical challenges of urbanism in the cities of the global South, informal settlements cannot be simply addressed through ruthless practices of demolition and eviction since they can often be incrementally upgraded on the same site. Such practices of upgrading rely on a sophisticated understanding of how urban morphology and adaptation work in informal settlements. In this paper, I focus on the fluidity of space by drawing on a case study of an informal settlement in Pune, India. The key research methods are observation and visual recording. The results of this study provide a better understanding of how informal settlements work in terms of urban morphologies and adaptations. Such an understanding plays a significant role in exploring how the capacities of informality can be developed in consistency with the incremental upgrading of codes regarding public open space, access network, construction, and functional mix. This paper contributes to the ways in which built environment professions can effectively engage with incremental transformations of informal settlements.
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Peral-Gómez, Paula, Sofía López-Roig, María Ángeles Pastor-Mira, Ester Abad-Navarro, Desirée Valera-Gran, Carita Håkansson und Petra Wagman. „Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire: An Instrument for Occupation-Based Research“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 14 (14.07.2021): 7506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147506.
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Occupational balance (OB) may be a major determinant of health outcomes due to its role in bringing a sense of purpose in the occupations that are personally experienced as a process of getting health and wellness. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) is a reliable instrument for measuring OB, although it has not been adapted and validated in Spain so far; therefore, this study had a double aim: (1) to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original OBQ version into Spanish (OBQ-E); (2) to analyze the psychometric properties for its use in the Spanish population. Standard procedures were used for the cross-adaptation process and pilot testing was carried out using three different samples to extend the applicability of the OBQ-E. Validation measures of the final version of the OBQ-E were conducted in a sample of 219 participants. The OBQ-E showed that items and instructions were culturally appropriate and written clearly. Psychometric testing showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87; Guttman split-half coefficient = 0.85), good test–retest reliability (rs (Spearman rho) = 0.73), and acceptable convergent validity (overall status, rs = 0.37; Related Quality of Life, rs = 0.42; Satisfaction with Life Scale, rs = 0.54). The findings suggest that the OBQ-E may be a suitable instrument for assessing OB in the Spanish population; hence, it is a promising tool for epidemiological research that will significantly contribute to the understanding of OB as a health-related factor. Nevertheless, further investigation is also warranted to explore the potentiality of this instrument for clinical purposes.
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Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen, María del Mar Molero Jurado, Ana Belén Barragán Martín, Isabel Mercader Rubio und José Jesús Gázquez Linares. „Validation of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents in High School in a Spanish Population“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (07.04.2020): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072943.
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Resilience is a personal competence that facilitates coping with adversity and forms part of an individual’s psychosocial adjustment. Therefore, this construct has an important role in adolescent development. Youths with high levels of resilience usually show less risk of behavioral disorders, low academic performance or interpersonal conflicts. The objective of this study was to validate the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) in a Spanish population, and test whether this questionnaire is valid for different cultures and societies. The sample comprised 317 high school students aged 13 to 18 years old with an average age of 14.93, in the province of Almería (Spain). The Resilience Scale for Adolescents was administered for this. Based on exploratory factor analysis and the various previous studies undertaken on validation of this instrument, four models were proposed, of which the original READ model showed the best fit. Validation of this scale showed good internal consistency and high reliability on five factors: Family Cohesion, Personal Competence, Social Competence, Social Resources and Orientation toward Goals. It is considered a valid instrument for evaluating the various factors of resilience and can help determine the education factors contributing to the process of positive adaptation in adolescence.
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Duruöz, M. T., S. Acer Kasman und H. H. Gezer. „THU0613-HPR ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE MINI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE AND HIP QUALITY OF LIFE (MINI-OAKHQOL) QUESTIONNAIRE IN TURKISH POPULATION“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (Juni 2020): 548.1–548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3976.
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Background:The 20-item Mini-OAKHQOL was derived from the 40-item OAKHQOL questionnaire which was developed to assess the quality of life in subjects with osteoarthritis of the lower limbs. It has 5 subscales containing physical activities, mental health, pain, social support, social functioning; and two independent items addressing sex life and professional life (1). The Mini-OAKHQOL’s good psychometric properties have recently been shown and validation studies have been done in several populations (1,2).Objectives:We aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Mini-OAKHQOL in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis.Methods:Patients diagnosed with knee or hip osteoarthritis clinically and radiologically were included in the study. Demographic data were noted. The French version of Mini-OAKHQOL was used for translation and adaptation. Translation-back translation methodology was applied and cross-cultural adaptation of the Mini-OAKHQOL into Turkish was done. Face and content validities were evaluated by cognitive information interviews with patients and expert committee. Internal consistency of the scale was made with Cronbach alpha coefficient. Convergent validity was evaluated by the correlations of Mini-OAKHQOL with Nothingam Health Profile (NHP), subscales of Short form 36 (SF-36), and VAS of the quality of life. The relations of the Mini-OAKHQOL with age, BMI, disease duration, VAS of the pain, WOMAC, and Lequesne Index were assessed for divergent validity. P <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Seventy-three patients (63 female, 10 male) with the mean age of 57.22 (SD: 9.91) years were recruited. The main site of the symptomatic lower limb osteoarthritis was knee in 44, hip in 25, and both in 4 patients. The mean BMI was 31.69 (SD: 11.06) and the median disease duration was 36 months (IQR: 12–72). Turkish version of Mini- OAKHQOL had a good face and content validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the subscales for internal consistency were 0.927, 0.841, 0.867, 0.771, and 0.677. Physical activities, mental health, pain dimensions of Mini-OAKHQOL had moderate to high correlations with Nottingham Health Profile and the physical functioning, physical role limitations, energy/fatigue, social functioning, pain, and general health subscales of SF-36 (rho between 0.484-0.748). The social function subscale of Mini-OAKHQOL had mild significant correlations with emotional well-being (rho: 0.239) and general health (rho: 0.315) subscales of SF36. The subscales of Mini-OAKHQOL had no correlation with disease duration, BMI, and age; and had generally moderate correlations with VAS-pain, Lequesne Index, and the WOMAC subscales. These data show good convergent and divergent validities of Mini-OAKHQOL.Conclusion:The Turkish version of the Mini-OAKHQOL is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the quality of life in patients with knee/hip osteoarthritis. In addition, it is a simple, accurate, disease-specific, and not time-consuming self-report instrument.References:[1]Guillemin F, Rat AC, Goetz C, Spitz E, Pouchot J, Coste J. The Mini-OAKHQOL for knee and hip osteoarthritis quality of life was obtained following recent shortening guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;[2]Gonzalez Sáenz de Tejada M, Bilbao A, Herrera C, García L, Sarasqueta C, Escobar A. Validation of the Mini-OAKHQOL for use in patients with osteoarthritis in Spain. Clin Rheumatol. 2017;Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Galvin, Miriam, Sile Carney, Bernie Corr, Iain Mays, Niall Pender und Orla Hardiman. „Needs of informal caregivers across the caregiving course in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a qualitative analysis“. BMJ Open 8, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): e018721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018721.
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ObjectivesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND), is a debilitating terminal condition. Informal caregivers are key figures in ALS care provision. The physical, psychological and emotional impact of providing care in the home requires appropriate assistance and support. The objective of this analysis is to explore the needs of informal ALS caregivers across the caregiving course.DesignIn an open-ended question as part of a semistructured interview, caregivers were asked what would help them in their role. Interviews took place on three occasions at 4-month to 6-month intervals. Demographic, burden and quality of life data were collected, in addition to the open-ended responses. We carried out descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis of qualitative data.Setting and participantsHome interviews at baseline (n=81) and on two further occasions (n=56, n=41) with informal caregivers of people with ALS attending the National ALS/MND Clinic at Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ResultsThe majority of caregivers were family members. Hours of care provided and caregiver burden increased across the interview series. Thematic analysis identified what would help them in their role, and needs related to external support and services, psychological-emotional factors, patient-related behaviours, a cure and ‘nothing’. Themes were interconnected and their prevalence varied across the interview time points.ConclusionThis study has shown the consistency and adaptation in what caregivers identified as helpful in their role, across 12–18 months of a caregiving journey. Support needs are clearly defined, and change with time and the course of caregiving. Caregivers need support from family, friends and healthcare professionals in managing their tasks and the emotional demands of caregiving. Identifying the specific needs of informal caregivers should enable health professionals to provide tailored supportive interventions.
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Walters, Stuart Alan, Mimouni Abdelaziz und Rachid Bouharroud. „Local Melon and Watermelon Crop Populations to Moderate Yield Responses to Climate Change in North Africa“. Climate 9, Nr. 8 (12.08.2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9080129.
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Climate change is having a tremendous influence on world food production, with arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas especially susceptible. In these areas, locally adapted crop varieties or landraces can be used to mitigate the influence of climate change on current and future food security challenges. The high genetic diversity within these populations allows for crops to adapt to changing environments or other stresses that influence growth and productivity. Thus, local Moroccan melon (Cucumis melo) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) landraces were compared to pure-line varieties in southwestern Morocco to identify their adaptability and possible ability to mitigate current and future climate change. Results indicated that the melon and watermelon landraces evaluated most likely could help mitigate yield losses from climate change in this area of Morocco. ‘AitOulyad’, a local muskmelon type, and ‘Rasmouka Ananas’ were both outstanding melon landraces with high plant vigor and yields. For watermelon, ‘AitOulyad’ had extremely high yields but had high numbers of seed in the flesh, while ‘Rasmouka’ had a lower yield, fewer seeds in the flesh, and a higher fruit consistency. This research indicates that melon and watermelon landraces in this area of southwestern Morocco with a semi-arid to arid climate will continue to play a major role in crop adaptation to maintain high productivity under a rapidly changing environment.
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Al-Zamel, Lamia A., Shatha F. Al-Thunayan, Afnan A. Al-Rasheed, Munirah A. Alkathiri, Faisal Alamri, Faleh Alqahtani, Amer S. Alali et al. „Validation and Cultural Adaptation of Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) in Assessing Stigma among Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 16 (04.08.2021): 8261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168261.
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Stigma is a negative feeling affecting many patients with various health conditions, especially the contagious ones such as COVID-19. The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) is one of the valid and reliable stigma-measuring tools; however, it has not been translated and validated in Arabic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and validate the EMIC in Arabic among a sample of Arabic-speaking adults who recently recovered from COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. The 12 items of the EMIC scale were forward- and backward-translated and reviewed by all authors to check the face and content validity prior to approving the final version of the Arabic 12-item EMIC. A total of 174 participants aged ≥18 years who contracted COVID-19 and recovered as of 29 July 2020 were interviewed. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Arabic version of the 12-item EMIC was 0.79, indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Using principal component analysis with varimax rotation, two factors explained more than 60% of the variance of the translated EMIC scale. The mean EMIC score was 5.91, implying a low level of stigma among participants. Married participants (β = 2.93; 95%CI 0.88 to 4.98, p = 0.005) and those with a family history of mental illness (β = 2.38; 95%CI 0.29 to 4.46, p = 0.025) were more likely to have higher EMIC scores in comparison to their counterparts who were unmarried and had no family history of mental illness. On the contrary, older adults were less likely to have high EMIC scores (β = −0.11; 95%CI −0.21 to −0.01, p = 0.03). Future studies with larger samples of patients with COVID-19 and various health conditions should be conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the EMIC among different patient populations and to unveil the factors that may play a role in patients’ feelings of stigmatization in this part of the world.
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Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi, Akbar Ali, Mazin A. Zamzami, Jalaluddin A. Khan, Aftab Ahmad, Mujaddad Ur Rehman und Imran Kazmi. „Autism - A Comprehensive Array of Prominent Signs and Symptoms“. Current Pharmaceutical Design 27, Nr. 11 (27.04.2021): 1418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210120095829.
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Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by multiple psychological and physiological impairments in young children. According to the recent reports, 1 out of every 58 newly-born children is suffering from autism. The aetiology of the disorder is complex and poorly understood, hindering the adaptation of targeted and effective therapies. There are no well- established diagnostic biomarkers for autism. Hence the analysis of symptoms by the pediatricians plays a critical role in the early intervention. Methods: In the present report, we have emphasized 24 behavioral, psychological and clinical symptoms of autism. Results: Impaired social interaction, restrictive and narrow interests, anxiety, depression; aggressive, repetitive, rigid and self-injurious behavior, lack of consistency, short attention span, fear, shyness and phobias, hypersensitivity and rapid mood alterations, high level of food and toy selectivity; inability to establish friendships or follow the instructions; fascination by round spinning objects and eating non-food materials are common psychological characteristics of autism. Speech or hearing impairments, poor cognitive function, gastrointestinal problems, weak immunity, disturbed sleep and circadian rhythms, weak motor neuromuscular interaction, lower level of serotonin and neurotransmitters, headache and body pain are common physiological symptoms. Conclusion: A variable qualitative and quantitative impact of this wide range of symptoms is perceived in each autistic individual, making him/her distinct, incomparable and exceptional. Selection and application of highly personalized medical and psychological therapies are therefore recommended for the management and treatment of autism.
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Donmez-Turan, Aygul. „Does unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) reduce resistance and anxiety of individuals towards a new system?“ Kybernetes 49, Nr. 5 (05.08.2019): 1381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2018-0450.
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Purpose Technology acceptance is an incremental approach that has developed over the years. Taking technology acceptance or adoption literature into consideration, the paper aims to investigate the mediating role of adoption readiness, constructed on the basis of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), on the relationship between user resistance as well as user anxiety and attitude toward using a system. Design/methodology/approach In consideration of previous studies, the public personnel’s adaptation of electronic document management systems is within the scope of the present research. Gathering data from 262 administrative personnel working in a public university, explanatory and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were done for the UTAUT scale. In addition, reliability and construct validity were tested for each scale; UTAUT, user resistance, user anxiety and attitude toward using. Relationships among variables of the research were controlled by the measurement model and then the structural model was tested. Findings Confirming previous research, the scales of UTAUT, user resistance, user anxiety and attitude toward using were found to have acceptable reliability and internal consistency. In addition, the implications of the paper showed user resistance influenced attitude toward using indirectly, by affecting adoption readiness. It also indicated that adoption readiness fully mediated the relationship between user anxiety and attitude toward using. Originality/value Negative behavioral antecedents of UTAUT are the focus of the paper. Reducing the negative effects of resistance as well as anxiety of individuals on their attitudes using a system is emphasized in the technology acceptance literature. Furthermore, defining each dimension of UTAUT as a single construct, adoption readiness, and proving the intervening role of adoption readiness between user resistance, as well as anxiety, on the attitude toward using a system are contributions to the literature.
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Rey Christen, Daniela, María García Espinosa, Andreas Reumann und Jyotsna Puri. „Results Based Payments for REDD+ under the Green Climate Fund: Lessons Learned on Social, Environmental and Governance Safeguards“. Forests 11, Nr. 12 (17.12.2020): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121350.
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Decisions for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD+) recognize its role in poverty alleviation, enhancing social and environmental resilience and ensuring linkages between mitigation and adaptation. Similarly, the UNFCCC recognizes the diversity of potential environmental and social risks and benefits that could result from REDD+ implementation. As a result, the UNFCCC adopted a set of social, environmental and governance safeguards, commonly known as “Cancun Safeguards.” Cancun Safeguards should be addressed and respected throughout REDD+ implementation regardless of the source and type of funding and play a key role in accessing results-based finance. The UNFCCC provides guidance regarding an information system as well as up-to-date reports as information and reporting tools on how all Cancun Safeguards have been addressed and respected. However, the UNFCCC does not offer any guidance on how to consider, assess and/or verify reported information. Given the key role that the Green Climate Fund (GCF) plays in channeling REDD+ results-based finance, this research paper examines early lessons from the GCF’s pilot programme for REDD-plus results-based payments (RBPs). It assesses the extent to which REDD+ activities have been implemented in consistency with the Cancun Safeguards. This paper examines the assessment and verification procedures of the GCF’s pilot programme. Key informant interviews have been a key source of information. We conclude that assessing the extent to which REDD+ results-based activities have in fact been consistent with Cancun Safeguards is a complex endeavor. Such complexity requires a qualitative approach as well as a dedicated verification procedure. This in turn has not been fully captured in the GCF’s pilot programme. Additionally, we conclude that by requiring countries to demonstrate conformance with its interim safeguards in the context of REDD+ results-based finance, the GCF’s pilot programme poses a significant burden to countries’ abilities to access results-based financing.
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Morales, Salvador Noriega, Luis Raúl Martínez, Jesús Andrés Hernández Gómez, Roberto Romero López und Vianey Torres-Argüelles. „Predictors of organizational resilience by factorial analysis“. International Journal of Engineering Business Management 11 (01.01.2019): 184797901983704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979019837046.
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The global economy is characterized by a progressive complexity, uncertainty, and volatility, which exert intense pressures to organizations and confronts them, with increasing frequency, to disruptive and unexpected events. In such environments, some organizations develop a resilience profile to increase the capacity to anticipate, adapt, and recover equilibrium or even, gain a new advantage position after the disruption. In this research, the factors of organizational resilience (OR) are identified and a structural equations model is developed. The article discusses the theoretical background and the literature of the resilience factors, and proposes their classification, which is used for the development of a questionnaire for the determination of the relative importance of the factors in several industrial sectors. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was validated with the Cronbach’s α coefficient and was applied to a sample of 159 manufacturing companies of the twin plant “maquiladora” industry of Ciudad Juarez, México, using a convenience sampling method. The key driver factors related to the development of OR are identified employing a partial least squares structural equation modeling approach, also is developed a structural model as a predictor of OR and its effectiveness, covering the description of the proposed model. By hypotheses tests, it is verified that resilient leadership explains the role of variables related to the development of OR, having a high influence in the organizational culture and in the capacity to organize and manage operations, being these three contributors, the drivers of the adaptation capacity that has a direct relation to the development of resilience.
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Duruöz, M. T., K. Nas, S. Acer Kasman, E. Uzun und H. H. Gezer. „POS1462-HPR VALIDITY AND PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS QUALITY OF LIFE (PSAQOL) QUESTIONNAIRE IN TURKISH POPULATION“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 1016.1–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3311.
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Background:Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQoL) questionnaire was developed to measure quality of life (QoL) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (1).Objectives:The aim of the study was to assess validity and psychometric properties of the PsAQoL questionnaire.Methods:The translation-back translation method by a bilingual panel was used to translate the original PsAQoL into Turkish (2). Face and content validities were evaluated via cognitive debriefing interviews with 10 PsA patients. Then, patients with PsA according to CASPAR criteria were recruited to assess feasibility, missing data, floor and ceiling effect, reliability, and construct validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency. Construct validity was investigated by convergent and divergent validity by assessing the PsAQoL’s relations with QoL and non-QoL parameters. For this purpose, demographics, clinical characteristics (shown in Table 1), survey data including PsAQoL, Short form 36, visual analog scales for pain and fatigue, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale results were recorded.Results:One hundred and sixty-two patients were recruited and 74 of them had axial PsA. Cognitive debriefing showed the Turkish version of PsAQoL to be clear, understandable, and relevant. It was easy to complete and calculate, with the 3 minutes and 20 seconds, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.930. The questionnaire presented no floor or ceiling effect (<15% for both) and no missing data. PsAQoL showed good correlations with the QoL scales indicating its convergent validity and moderate to non-significant correlations with the non-QoL parameters supporting its divergent validity (Table 1).Conclusion:The Turkish version of the PsAQoL is a valid and disease-specific instrument with good psychometric characteristics to assess PsA-specific QoL.References:[1]McKenna SP, Doward LC, Whalley D, Tennant A, Emery P, Veale DJ. Development of the PsAQoL: a quality of life instrument specific to psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(2):162-169.[2]Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186-3191.Table 1.Spearman’s correlation coefficients of PsAQoL with the other parameters for construct validityConvergentDivergentSF-36 subscalesRhoClinical ParametersRhoSurveysRhoPhysical component-0.744**Age0.150BASDAI (n:74)0.355**Mental component-0.731**Disease duration0.014VAS Pain0.408**Physical functioning-0.629**Tender joint count0.262**VAS Fatigue0.447**Physical role limitations-0.640**Swollen joint count0.170*HAQ0.533**Emotional role limitations-0.576**MASES0.152HADS Anxiety0.535**Vitality-0.657**PASI-0.032HADS Depression0.517**Emotional well-being-0.590**DAPSA0.409**Social functioning-0.591**DAS280.322**Pain-0.535**BASMI (n: 61)0.032General health-0.536**** p<0.001, *p: 0.001-0.049.PsAQoL: Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life, SF-36: Short Form 36, MASES: Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score, PASI: Psoriasis Area Severity Index, DAPSA: Disease Activity in PSoriatic Arthritis, DAS28: Disease Activity Score 28, BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, VAS: Visual analog scale, HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Saaristo, P., und T. Aloudat. „(A187) Red Cross Volunteers' Roles in Epidemic Control: Community-Level Interventions during Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe and Haiti“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (Mai 2011): s53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100183x.
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Managing epidemics, or preferably, preventing them, is a priority for the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC). The IFRC response to the cholera outbreaks in Zimbabwe in 2009 and in Haiti in 2010 both included: the Emergency Response Unit system as the backbone, and the International Red Cross Movement helped the National Red Cross Society fulfill its humanitarian mandate during the emergency. Water and Sanitation units and Basic Health Care Units cooperated seamlessly to ensure consistency and effectiveness in the activities. A large part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement response is performed by community-based volunteers. During both outbreaks, the Red Cross put special focus on community-level interventions. In both countries, the National Red Cross Society, supported by the International Federation of the Red Cross, trained volunteer groups using a local adaptation and translation of the IFRC training package for emergency health and epidemic control. Research has shown that community volunteers frequently lack the background information necessary for a quick and efficient response to epidemics, especially when they are located in areas that do not benefit from the support and guidance of health professionals. This is particularly true in developing countries that often lack sufficient healthcare facilities and staff. To help fill those gaps, the IFRC launched a training package — Epidemic Control for Volunteers — more effectively involving volunteers in the epidemic management. It provides volunteers with a basic understanding of the diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. This training package is intended for volunteers and trainers in local branches of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. It teaches them how they can help limit the number of victims, act quickly and effectively, and define their role in the community before, during, and after an epidemic.
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Grama, Blanca, und Ramona Todericiu. „Change, Resistance to Change and Organizational Cynicism“. Studies in Business and Economics 11, Nr. 3 (01.12.2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2016-0034.
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AbstractOver the past decades, the focus of the scientists has shifted towards the area of organizational change. The concept has been approached from several perspectives and studied by numerous disciplines and refers to a shift or transformation of an organization, of several components of the organization or of the processes that lie within. Being in an environment characterized by competitiveness and complexity, organizations are under a constant need of change, of progress, while the aim of each change is to improve the aspects that make this happen. The dynamics of the labour force market has contributed to the creation of an environment in which organizations are permanently facing the need to implement various changes regarding their strategy, structure, processes or culture. Henceforth, the factors that can alter the implementation of change benefit from an increased focus. Understanding the reason for which some employees can resist change can have major financial implications for the organization. When considering the human resources involved in the change, nothing seems simple; most of the times things are not as they should be, and most of the employees experience a resistance to change, sometimes in the form of change-specific cynicism, a notion defined as the belief of employees that the organization in which they work lacks integrity. This paper represents the cultural adaptation of Change-Specific Cynicism Scale (a scale proposed by David J. Stanley in 1998, validated on the Canadian population), to the specifics of the Romanian population and supplies a method of evaluating change-specific cynicism for the specialized literature. Statistic results have shown that the Change-Specific Cynicism Scale has a high level of internal consistency (α=0,84) and can be used exclusively for equivalent populations. Moreover, this paper aims to approach the term organizational cynicism and its role in the context of organizational change.
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Honcharuk, Natalija, und Yuliia Pyrohova. „Priority directions of human resources management improving in the field of public service of Ukraine“. Public administration aspects 8, Nr. 6 (30.12.2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1520104.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of modernization of public service and human resources management in public authorities and substantiates the priority areas of improvement of human resources management in the field of public service of Ukraine. It is determined that outdated forms, methods and technologies of personnel management and rather slow transition from the clerical model of personnel management to democratic forms and methods of work with personnel remain are retained in the field of public service. It were analyzed the main forms of social and psychological support of human resources management in the field of public service. It is determined that the institutional capacity of personnel management services and their ability to ensure, in most cases, the effective implementation of strategic human resource management functions remains insufficient today. A new organizational structure of the strategic human resources management service in public authorities is proposed, which should include units on human resources management strategy (policy), selection, accounting, adaptation, development, evaluation, motivation, acmeological support, labor relations and salaries of public servants. It is highlighted that such system should be based on the general principles of human resource management in the public service, which determine the content of its elements and the choice of specific tools, instruments, forms, methods and technologies of human resource management. The particular attention was paid to the fact that the proposed approach should be implemented on an updated attitude to the role and place of socio-psychological components in human resource management in the field of public service. It is substantiated that in order to create a professional, politically neutral, honest and effective public service, along with improving the legislative support of human resources management in the public service, it is necessary to develop institutional capacity and ensure consistency in implementing of new principles of an effective state personnel policy.
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Londin, Eric R., Eleftheria Hatzimichael, Phillipe Loher, Yue Zhao, Yi Jing, Huang Chen, Leonard C. Edelstein et al. „Beyond mRNAs and Mirnas: Unraveling the Full-Spectrum of the Normal Human Platelet Transcriptome Through Next-Generation Sequencing“. Blood 120, Nr. 21 (16.11.2012): 3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3298.3298.
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Abstract Abstract 3298 The anucleate platelets play a critical role in the formation of thrombi and prevention of bleeding. While the repertoire of platelet transcripts is a reflection of the megakaryocyte at the time of platelet differentiation, post-transcriptional events are known to occur. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the expressed mRNAs and proteome has been identified. Having a complete understanding of the platelet transcriptome is important for generating insights into the genetic basis of platelet disease traits. To capture the complexity of the platelet transcriptome, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in leukocyte-depleted platelets from 10 males, with median age of 24.5 yrs and unremarkable medical history. Their short and long RNA platelet transcriptomes were analyzed on the SOLiD 5500xl sequencing platform. We generated ∼3.5 billion sequence reads ∼40% of which could be mapped uniquely to the human genome. Our analysis revealed that ∼9,000 distinct protein-coding mRNAs and ∼800 microRNAs (miRNAs) were present in the transcriptome of each of the 10 sequenced individuals. Comparison of the levels of mRNA expression across the 10 individuals showed an exceptional level of consistency with pair-wise Pearson correlation values ≥0.98. The miRNA expression profiles across the 10 individuals showed a similar consistency with pair-wise Pearson correlation values ≥0.98. Surprisingly, we found that these mRNAs and miRNAs accounted for a little over 1/2 of all of the uniquely mapped sequence reads suggesting the abundant presence of additional non-protein coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts. Using the annotated entries of the latest release of the ENSEMBL database, we investigated the genetic make-up of these other transcripts. We found that ∼25% of each individual's uniquely mapped reads corresponded to non-protein coding transcripts from mRNA-coding loci. These reads accounted for more than 10,000 distinct such transcripts. In addition, each of the individuals in our cohort expressed an average of ∼1,500 pseudogenes and ∼200 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs). The short RNA profiles of the ten individuals revealed an abundance of diverse categories of ncRNAs including the signal recognition particle RNA (srpRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small cytoplasmic RNAs (scRNA). These ncRNAs are involved in the processing of pre-mRNAs and their presence and prevalence in the anucleate platetet suggests the existence of a complex network of mRNA processing that persists after the megakaryocyte fragmentation. We also investigated the RNA-omes of the ten individuals for evidence of transcription of the pyknon category of ncRNAs. Pyknons are of particular interest because each has numerous intergenic and intronic copies whereas nearly all known human protein-coding genes contain one or more pyknons in their mRNA. Recent experimental work has shown that intergenic instances of the pyknons are transcribed in a tissue- and cell-state specific manner. An average of ∼100,000 pyknons are transcribed in each of the 10 sequenced individuals suggesting the possibility of a far-reaching network of interactions that link exonic space to distant non-exonic regions and are active in platelets. Lastly, we found that a large variety of distinct repeat element categories are expressed in the RNA-omes (both short and long) of these individuals. Among the most abundantly represented categories of repeat elements were DNA transposons, long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, and non-LTR retrotransposons such as long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs). In summary, our RNA-seq analyses have revealed a spectrum of platelet transcripts that transcends protein-coding genes and miRNAs. Indeed, the transcripts that have their source in genomic features not previously discussed or analyzed in the platelet context represent a very significant portion of all platelet transcripts. This in turn suggests an unanticipated richness, and presumably commensurate complexity, for the platelet transcriptome. While the role of these novel non-protein coding RNAs is currently unknown it is expected that at least some of them may be of functional significance which will in turn permit a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate platelet physiology and may contribute to processes beyond thrombosis and hemostasis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lewis, Cara C., Kayne Mettert und Aaron R. Lyon. „Determining the influence of intervention characteristics on implementation success requires reliable and valid measures: Results from a systematic review“. Implementation Research and Practice 2 (Januar 2021): 263348952199419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633489521994197.
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Background: Despite their inclusion in Rogers’ seminal diffusion of innovations theory, few implementation studies empirically evaluate the role of intervention characteristics. Now, with growing evidence on the role of adaptation in implementation, high-quality measures of characteristics such as adaptability, trialability, and complexity are needed. Only two systematic reviews of implementation measures captured those related to the intervention or innovation and their assessment of psychometric properties was limited. This manuscript reports on the results of eight systematic reviews of measures of intervention characteristics with nuanced data regarding a broad range of psychometric properties. Methods: The systematic review proceeded in three phases. Phase I, data collection, involved search string generation, title and abstract screening, full text review, construct assignment, and citation searches. Phase II, data extraction, involved coding psychometric information. Phase III, data analysis, involved two trained specialists independently rating each measure using PAPERS (Psychometric And Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scales). Results: Searches identified 16 measures or scales: zero for intervention source, one for evidence strength and quality, nine for relative advantage, five for adaptability, six for trialability, nine for complexity, and two for design quality and packaging. Information about internal consistency and norms was available for most measures, whereas information about other psychometric properties was most often not available. Ratings for psychometric properties fell in the range of “poor” to “good.” Conclusion: The results of this review confirm that few implementation scholars are examining the role of intervention characteristics in behavioral health studies. Significant work is needed to both develop new measures (e.g., for intervention source) and build psychometric evidence for existing measures in this forgotten domain. Plain Language Summary Intervention characteristics have long been perceived as critical factors that directly influence the rate of adopting an innovation. It remains unclear the extent to which intervention characteristics including relative advantage, complexity, trialability, intervention source, design quality and packaging, evidence strength and quality, adaptability, and cost impact implementation of evidence-based practices in behavioral health settings. To unpack the differential influence of these factors, high quality measures are needed. Systematic reviews can identify measures and synthesize the data regarding their quality to identify gaps in the field and inform measure development and testing efforts. Two previous reviews identified measures of intervention characteristics, but they did not provide information about the extent of the existing evidence nor did they evaluate the host of evidence available for identified measures. This manuscript summarizes the results of nine systematic reviews (i.e., one for each of the factors listed above) for which 16 unique measures or scales were identified. The nuanced findings will help direct measure development work in this forgotten domain.
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Wright, Stephen E., Emma Walmsley, Sheila E. Harvey, Emily Robinson, Paloma Ferrando-Vivas, David A. Harrison, Ruth R. Canter et al. „Family-Reported Experiences Evaluation (FREE) study: a mixed-methods study to evaluate families’ satisfaction with adult critical care services in the NHS“. Health Services and Delivery Research 3, Nr. 45 (Dezember 2015): 1–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr03450.
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BackgroundTo improve care it is necessary to feed back experiences of those receiving care. Of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), approximately one-quarter die, and few survivors recollect their experiences, so family members have a vital role. The most widely validated tool to seek their views is the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaire (FS-ICU).ObjectivesTo test face and content validity and comprehensibility of the FS-ICU (phase 1). To establish internal consistency, construct validity and reliability of the FS-ICU; to describe family satisfaction and explore how it varies by family member, patient, unit/hospital and other contextual factors and by country; and to model approaches to sampling for future use in quality improvement (phase 2).DesignMixed methods: qualitative study (phase 1) and cohort study (phase 2).SettingNHS ICUs (n = 2, phase 1;n = 20, phase 2).ParticipantsHealth-care professionals, ex-patients, family members of ICU patients (n = 41, phase 1). Family members of ICU patients (n = 12,303, phase 2).InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresKey themes regarding each item of the 24-item FS-ICU (FS-ICU-24) (phase 1). Overall family satisfaction and domain scores of the FS-ICU-24 (phase 2).ResultsIn phase 1, face validity, content validity and comprehensibility were good. Adaptation to the UK required only minor edits. In phase 2, one to four family members were recruited for 60.6% of 10,530 patients (staying in ICU for 24 hours or more). Of 12,303 family members, 7173 (58.3%) completed the questionnaire. Psychometric assessment of the questionnaire established high internal consistency and criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis indicated new domains:satisfaction with care,satisfaction with informationandsatisfaction with the decision-making process. All scores were high with skewed distributions towards more positive scores. For family members of ICU survivors, factors associated with increased/decreased satisfaction were age, ethnicity, relationship to patient, and visit frequency, and patient factors were acute severity of illness and invasive ventilation. For family members of ICU non-survivors, average satisfaction was higher but no family member factors were associated with increased/decreased satisfaction; patient factors were age, acute severity of illness and duration of stay. Neither ICU/hospital factors nor seasonality were associated. Funnel plots confirmed significant variation in family satisfaction across ICUs. Adjusting for family member and patient characteristics reduced variation, resulting in fewer ICUs identified as potential outliers. Simulations suggested that family satisfaction surveys using short recruitment windows can produce relatively unbiased estimates of average family satisfaction.ConclusionsThe Family-Reported Experiences Evaluation study has provided a UK-adapted, psychometrically valid questionnaire for overall family satisfaction and three domains. The large sample size allowed for robust multilevel multivariable modelling of factors associated with family satisfaction to inform important adjustment of any future evaluation.LimitationsResponses to three free-text questions indicate the questionnaire may not be sensitive to all aspects of family satisfaction.Future workReservations remain about the current questionnaire. While formal analysis of the free-text questions did not form part of this proposal, brief analysis suggested considerable scope for improvement of the FS-ICU-24.Study registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN47363549.Funding detailsThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.