Zeitschriftenartikel: „Ullman method“

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FLITTER, DEREK. „Pierre L. Ullman, "A Contrapuntal Method For Analyzing Spanish Literature" (Book Review)“. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 68, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1991): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.68.4.513b.

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Liu, Y. P., M. A. Behr, P. M. Small und N. Kurn. „Genotypic Determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosisAntibiotic Resistance Using a Novel Mutation Detection Method, the Branch Migration Inhibition M. tuberculosis Antibiotic Resistance Test“. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, Nr. 10 (2000): 3656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.10.3656-3662.2000.

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A novel method for the detection of any alteration within a defined sequence has recently been demonstrated (A. Lishanski, N. Kurn, and E. F. Ullman, Nucleic Acids Res. 28:E42, 2000; A. Lishanski, Clin. Chem. 46:9, 2000). Essential to this method are the generation of partial duplexes that are capable of forming four-stranded structures and the ability to detect inhibition of branch migration in these structures (I. G. Panyutin and P. Hsieh, J. Mol. Biol. 230:413–424, 1993). Inhibition of branch migration indicates the presence of sequence alteration. This mutation detection method, termed branch migration inhibition (BMI), is suitable for the detection of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis, which is frequently associated with multiple mutations within known genes. We describe the genotypic determination of the rifampin (RMP) and pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibilities of M. tuberculosis isolates, using BMI coupled with the luminescence oxygen channeling immunoassay (LOCI) (E. F. Ullman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:5426–5430, 1994). RMP and PZA resistances are associated with multiple mutations within the rpoB and pncA genes, respectively.M. tuberculosis genomic DNA samples prepared from 46 clinical isolates were used for genotypic determination of RMP resistance in a “blind study.” Similarly, PZA resistance was determined using genomic DNA samples prepared from 37 clinical isolates. Full agreement of the genotypic and phenotypic determinations of drug susceptibility was demonstrated. RMP susceptibility determination directly from cells of 10 clinical isolates grown in culture was also demonstrated. The genotypic result of only 1 out of 10 isolates did not agree with the phenotypic susceptibility testing result. Sequence analysis of the rpoB gene of this clinical isolate revealed a single base substitution, most likely a silent point mutation. The new BMI-LOCI mutation detection method is a rapid and accurate procedure for the genotypic determination of the RMP and PZA susceptibilities of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. BMI can also be detected by using commercially available automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate formats (Lishanski et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 28:E42, 2000).

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DeCicco, Teresa L. „Dreams of female university students: Content analysis and the relationship to discovery via the Ullman method.“ Dreaming 17, Nr. 2 (2007): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1053-0797.17.2.98.

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Poll, Gerard H., Carol A. Miller und Janet G. van Hell. „Sentence Repetition Accuracy in Adults With Developmental Language Impairment: Interactions of Participant Capacities and Sentence Structures“. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, Nr. 2 (April 2016): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-15-0020.

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Purpose We asked whether sentence repetition accuracy could be explained by interactions of participant processing limitations with the structures of the sentences. We also tested a prediction of the procedural deficit hypothesis (Ullman & Pierpont, 2005) that adjuncts are more difficult than arguments for individuals with developmental language impairment (DLI). Method Forty-four young adults participated, 21 with DLI. The sentence repetition task varied sentence length and the use of arguments and adjuncts. We also administered measures of working memory and processing speed. Our regression models focused on these interactions: group and argument status; processing speed, length, and argument status; and working memory capacity, length, and argument status. Results Language ability group was a significant predictor of sentence repetition accuracy but did not interact with argument status. Processing speed interacted with sentence length and argument status. Working memory capacity and its separate interactions with argument status and sentence length predicted sentence repetition accuracy. Conclusions Many adults with DLI may have difficulty with adjuncts as a result of their working memory limitations rather than their language ability. Cognitive limitations common to individuals with DLI are revealed more by particular sentence structures, suggesting ways to construct more diagnostically accurate sentence repetition tasks.

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Kiose, Maria I. „Linguistic creativity and discourse profiles of English language children’s novels“. Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, Nr. 1 (15.12.2021): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-147-164.

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Contemporary discourse studies face the necessity to develop the methods of contrastive sub-discourse analysis which apply numeric and comparable data to diversify and describe sub-discourse types. The aim of the research is to propose a method of discourse profiling serving the purpose, and to further test the method in the contrastive study of linguistic creativity in different types of English language childrens novels. The category of linguistic creativity being the leading form of language poesis receives parametric description on all language representation levels (in written form) and provides the discourse values for contrastive analysis. These values are explored in the fragments of non-autobiographic and autobiographic adventure novel sub-discourse types authored by J.C. George, F. Gibson, J.D. Ullman, and G. Durrell (a total amount of 120.000 signs) annotated manually for 52 linguistic creativity parameters on phonological, morphological, word-formation, lexical, syntactic, and graphic levels. The working hypothesis is that the linguistic creativity parametric activity distributions represent the sub-discourse profiles and may serve to contrast sub-discourse types by means of their vectors contingency values. The analysis in individual parameter activity and in parameter groups activity demonstrated significant variance in sub-discourse construal, with autobiographic sub-discourse of G. Durrell manifesting several higher activity values in word-formation (occasional compounding), lexical use (the use of professional language, lexical tropes, allusive names, higher register style) and syntactic use (the use of parallel structures and syntactic intensifiers). In terms of morphological activity, the parameter values tend to be lower (morphological category shifts), the same stands true of some syntactic (the use of elliptical structures) and lexical parameters (the use of lower register types and proper names). The sub-discourse profiles demonstrate several common features, evidently typical of the discourse type itself, and the features differentiating non-autobiographic and autobiographic discourse subtypes. Vector correlation analysis revealed lower correlation values for autobiographic sub-discourse, which proves its specificity and testifies to the discourse profiling method applicability.

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Yuan, Yin, und Ashleigh P. Scott. „Real-World Efficacy of Anti-Fungal Prophylaxis in Patients Treated for Acute Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-host Disease (GI-GVHD)“. Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 5697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112332.

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Abstract Aim Allogeneic progenitor cell transplant (HPCT) recipients who develop acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI-GVHD) are at increased risk of developing invasive fungal infections (IFI). Randomised control trial data supports the use of mould-active fungal prophylaxis in HPCT patients with grade II-IV GVHD (Ullman et al. 2007). We aimed to assess our unit's use of anti-fungal prophylaxis and describe the incidence and species of breakthrough IFI in patients with GI-GVHD. Method We conducted a retrospective audit of patients who underwent HPCT at our institution between 2011-2016 and identified those who were treated for acute GI-GVHD using a minimum of prednisone 1mg/kg or equivalent. For those patients the following details were collected: presence of any prior IFIs, anti-fungal prophylaxis before and after initiation of steroids, and the incidence of new IFIs within 6 months of commencing steroids. Result Of the 551 HPCT performed during this period, 74 evaluable patients were treated for GI-GVHD. All patients received anti-fungal prophylaxis prior to steroid commencement (66.2% received fluconazole, 10.8% posaconazole, 20.2% voriconazole and 2.7% other). Post steroids 35.1% remained on fluconazole, 21.6% received posaconazole, 35.1% received voriconazole, and 8.1% received other anti-fungals. Of the 26 patients remaining on fluconazole, 9 were transitioned to mould-active prophylaxis at a later time. Twelve patients (16.2%) experienced a breakthrough IFI (6 definite and 6 probable). In the 42 patients receiving posaconazole or voriconazole, 7 (16.7%) experienced breakthrough IFI, compared with 3 (11.5%) in the fluconazole cohort. Two other cases occurred in patients who received caspofungin. Notably, patients receiving mould-active fungal prophylaxis developed mucormycosis, Fusarium and Scedosporium infections whereas fluconazole lead to invasive aspergillosis. Conclusion Despite anti-fungal prophylaxis, real-world GI-GVHD patients remain at particularly increased risk of developing IFI. Anti-mould prophylaxis is associated with lower incidence of invasive aspergillosis but higher incidence of non-Aspergillus mould. Further studies investigating optimal anti-mould strategies are warranted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Mironyuk, Sergei A. „The Control Over the Trans-Siberian Railway as a Motive for Britain’s Participation in an Allied Intervention in the Far East and Siberia in 1917–1919 and Its Role in the Operation (Based on the Memorandum “Siberia” by George Nathaniel Curzon (December 20, 1919))“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Nr. 458 (2020): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/19.

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The article deals with the problem of control provision over the Trans-Siberian Railway as a motive for Britain’s participation in an Allied intervention in the Far East and Siberia and evaluates its role in this operation. The work is based on the facts and judgments contained in the memorandum “Siberia” by George Nathaniel Curzon, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated December 20, 1919. The memorandum has not been previously described and researched in the domestic historiography. Besides the text of the memorandum, the source base includes the minutes of the meetings of the British War Cabinet, the memories of W. Graves, the commander of the American expeditionary force, and of J. Ward, the chief of the British expeditionary detachment, and some other sources of personal origin. Works by N.E. Bystrova, F.D. Volkova, R. Ullman, A.I. Utkin, N.A. Halfin and other researchers were also used. The main research methods were comparative and narrative. The comparative method made it possible to compare the memorandum with some other documents from the National Archives of the United Kingdom, as well as with the sources of personal origin important for the research topic, and confirm its analytical, resumptive nature. Since some of the documents, including the memorandum “Siberia”, have not been previously investigated and described in the domestic historiography, the narrative method was widely used in the study. First, the author examines the main issues: Curzon’s approaches to the Eastern policy of Britain; Russia’s place in the British Eastern policy; control over globally important railways as an element of Britain’s Eastern policy. Then the author reviews the provisions of the memorandum relating to the Trans-Siberian Railway and the motives for Britain’s participation in the intervention in the Far East and Siberia, as well as the data on the participation of the United States, Japan, and Britain in the operation, and, on this basis, investigates the specificity, forms of participation and role of Britain in the intervention in these regions. The author concludes that, in fact, Britain became the main political driving force that led to the Allied intervention in the Far East and Siberia. The active position of Britain regarding the intervention in the Far East and Siberia was based on the tasks to oppose Germany during the war and at the same time to form and maintain Britain’s long-term Eastern policy under the new conditions. The control over the Trans-Siberian Railway could be an effective instrument to overcome these challenges. A possibility to participate in the allied control over the Trans-Siberian Railway was a weighty motive for Britain to intervene in Eastern Russia. Its role in the operation was political and pragmatic.

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Reddy, Manda Bhaskar, Potuganti Gal Reddy, Myadaraboina Shailaja, Alla Manjula und Tadikamalla Prabhakar Rao. „CuI-catalyzed amination of Tröger's base halides: a convenient method for synthesis of unsymmetrical Tröger's bases“. RSC Advances 6, Nr. 100 (2016): 98297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21437a.

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Shahrisa, Aziz, Reza Teimuri-Mofrad und Mahdi Gholamhosseini-Nazari. „Chemoselective Sequential Reactions for the Synthesis of 12H-Benzo[a]xanthenes and Dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines“. Synlett 26, Nr. 08 (12.03.2015): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1380323.

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Novel sequential Betti–Ullmann and Betti–C–H activation reactions for the synthesis of 12H-benzo[a]xanthenes and dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines have been developed. Depending on the used conditions selective Ullmann-type arylation or α-C-H aryloxylation of 2-bromophenyl alkylaminonaphthols occurred. A simple, fast, green, and high-yielding method for the synthesis of aminonaphthols catalyzed by bismuth(III) chloride under solvent-free conditions is reported.

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Alizadeh, Abdollah, Mohammad A. Khalilzadeh, Eskandar Alipour und Daryoush Zareyee. „Pd (II) Immobilized on Clinoptilolite as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ullmann Coupling-type S-arylation of Thiols with Aryl Halides“. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 23, Nr. 7 (05.10.2020): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666200415103239.

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Background: There are a number of protocols for Ullmann coupling–type S-arylation reactions, many of them suffer from the use of homogenous and often corrosive catalyst, cumbersome workup procedures, and long reaction times. Besides, many of these reagents are expensive and non-recoverable, leading to the generation of a large amount of toxic waste particularly when large-scale applications are considered. Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare a new Pd catalyst bonded on the surface of zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst. Methods: A heterogeneous palladium catalyst has been prepared by immobilizing Pd ions on Clinoptilolite. This novel developed heterogeneous catalyst was thoroughly examined for Ullmann coupling–type S-arylation reaction using different bases, solvents and 0.003 mg of the catalyst. The structural and morphological characterizations of the catalyst were carried out using XRD, TGA, BET and TEM techniques. Results: Highly efficient heterogeneous palladium catalyst has been developed by immobilizing Pd ions on Clinoptilolite, as one of the most abundant naturally occurring zeolites for Ullmann Sarylation. By using this method, we provide an efficient way to a wide variety of substituted thiolic compounds. Moreover, the catalyst is easily recovered using simple filtration and reused for 5 consecutive runs. Conclusion: In this effort, we developed a new Pd catalyst bonded on the surface of zeolite as a substrate to prepare the heterogeneous catalyst. We demonstrate that this novel catalyst offers reliable and convincing data that may offer a valuable application in further developing the science and technology of Ullmann reaction protocols and allied industries. Additionally, the catalyst was reusable and kept its high activities over a number of cycles.

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Havránková, Eva, Jozef Csöllei und Pavel Pazdera. „New Approach for the One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives: Application of Cu(I) Supported on a Weakly Acidic Cation-Exchanger Resin in a Comparative Study“. Molecules 24, Nr. 19 (05.10.2019): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193586.

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An efficient and simple methodology for Ullmann Cu(I)-catalyzed synthesis of di- and trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives from dichlorotriazinyl benzenesulfonamide and corresponding nucleophiles is reported. Cations Cu(I) supported on macroporous and weakly acidic, low-cost industrial resin of polyacrylate type were used as a catalyst. The reaction times and yields were compared with traditional synthetic methods for synthesis of substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives via nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms in dichlorotriazinyl benzenesulfonamide. It was found that Ullmann-type reactions provide significantly shortened reaction times and, in some cases, also higher yields. Finally, trisubstituted s-triazine derivatives were effectively prepared via Ullmann-type reaction in a one-pot synthetic design. Six new s-triazine derivatives with potential biological activity were prepared and characterized.

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Puthiaraj, Pillaiyar, und Wha-Seung Ahn. „Synthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on a microporous covalent triazine polymer: an efficient and reusable catalyst for O-arylation reaction“. Catalysis Science & Technology 6, Nr. 6 (2016): 1701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01590a.

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Li, Wen, Xiao Qing Ma und Jiang He Yu. „Optimization of Ullmann Reaction Step in the Synthesis of Sertindole“. Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (Mai 2011): 2594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2594.

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5-chloro-1-(4- fluorophenyl)-indole is a key intermediate of sertindole. It can be synthesized from 4-fluoro-bromobenzene and 5-chloroindole by Ullmann reaction, but this step required significant optimization to improve yield and reproducibility for the purity processes of the syntheses that have been disclosed are quite complicated and the reaction proceeds usually can’t go to completion. The Ullmann reaction step in the synthesis of sertidole was improved by using purified 5-chloroindole, suitable catalyst and solvent. A viable kilo-scale synthesis of the 5-chloro-1-(4- fluoro phenyl)-indole was described. Simple workup, economical, high yields and purity of product are some advantages of this method.

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Le, Huu Phuoc, Richard Neidlein und Hans Suschitzky. „Synthesis and Reactions of Benzotriazolyl-Substituted Spiro[Cyclohexane-1,2′-2′H-Imidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine]“. Journal of Chemical Research 2002, Nr. 4 (April 2002): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823402103171690.

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The introduction of N and S-nucleophiles into the 2H-4-azabenzimidazole system using the 1H-benzotriazole ring as a synthetic auxiliary, and also the syntheses of novel pentacyclic ring systems by application of the Graebe-Ullmann method, are described.

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Martín, Ana, Rolando F. Pellón, Miriam Mesa, Maite L. Docampo und Victoria Gómez. „Microwave-assisted Synthesis of N-phenylanthranilic Acids in Water“. Journal of Chemical Research 2005, Nr. 9 (September 2005): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823405774308998.

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N-Phenylanthranilic acid derivatives were synthesised using the Ullmann condensation of 2-chlorobenzoic acid with aniline derivatives under microwave irradiation in aqueous media. The method offers better yields in shorter reaction times compared to classical heating approaches using water as solvent.

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Shelke, Ganesh M., Mukund Jha und Anil Kumar. „Synthesis of indole-annulated sulfur heterocycles using copper-catalysed C–N coupling and palladium-catalysed direct arylation“. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, Nr. 13 (2016): 3450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob00117c.

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A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of biologically relevant 5H-benzo[4,5][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]indoles and 5,7-dihydroisothiochromeno[3,4-b]indoles has been developed via intramolecular copper catalysed Ullmann-type C–N coupling and palladium catalysed direct arylation.

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Zhu, Yinghong, Wanli Chen, Xiangtu Tu, Mingxia Xu und Youqun Chu. „Copper(I) Iodide Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of N-Propargyl-N-(2-iodoaryl)amides with Sodium Azide: An Efficient Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines“. Synlett 32, Nr. 08 (26.02.2021): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610766.

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AbstractCopper-catalyzed reactions of N-propargyl-N-(2-iodoaryl)amides with sodium azide have been developed, providing a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline compounds under mild conditions in moderate yields by tandem copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition and Ullmann-type coupling.

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Ma, Dawei, Qian Cai und Hui Zhang. „Mild Method for Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Amines and Aryl Halides“. Organic Letters 5, Nr. 14 (Juli 2003): 2453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0346584.

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Liu, Jian-Quan, Xiang-Shan Wang, Xin-Yi Chen und Zhuo-Huan Li. „Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,f]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepine Derivatives via a Double Ullmann Coupling Reaction“. Synthesis 51, Nr. 07 (09.01.2019): 1662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611945.

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A double Ullmann coupling reaction successfully takes place between 4,5-diaryl-2-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazoles and 2-bromophenols in the presence of Cs2CO3. This procedure is catalyzed by copper(I) iodide and o-phenanthroline and provides an efficient method for the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepine derivatives in good yields.

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Fang, Zheng, Kai Guo, Yu Zeng, Hao-liang Zheng, Zhao Yang und Cheng-Kou Liu. „Copper(I) Iodide-Catalyzed (Het)arylation of Diethyl Malonate with (Het)aryl Bromides by Using 1,3-Benzoxazole as a Ligand“. Synlett 29, Nr. 01 (26.10.2017): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591210.

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An efficient Ullmann-type coupling of aryl bromides with diethyl malonate in the presence of copper(I) iodide and 1,3-benzoxazole is presented. This method has a broad substrate scope (heterocyclic and phenyl bromides) and good functional-group tolerance (OMe, Me, Ac, CN, NO2, F, and Cl). Moreover, less time is needed to reach full conversion (3–9 hours).

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Liu, Bei, Zheng Chen, Liming Lin, Yuntao Han, Jinhui Pang und Zhenhua Jiang. „Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether ketone)s with 3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole pendants using C–N coupling reaction“. High Performance Polymers 29, Nr. 5 (29.06.2016): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316655592.

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3,6-Diphenyl-9 H-carbazole pendants are grafted herein to poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) via the Ullmann C–N coupling reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that PAEKs containing a carbazole pendant (Cz) have been synthesized through the Ullmann C–N coupling reaction. The high molecular weights of PAEK-Cz (PAEKs with 3,6-diphenyl-9 H-carbazole pendants) are inherited from their precursors, owing to the high reactivity of their monomers. The obtained PAEK-Cz- x polymers exhibit good solubility in most common organic solvents and excellent thermal stabilities, with the 5% weight loss temperatures for all products being above 598°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The glass transition temperatures are all above 199°C and can be controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of monomers. The polymer membranes obtained by the casting method are tough and thus have strong potential for practical applications.

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Kuijlaars, A. B. J., und E. B. Saff. „Asymptotic distribution of the zeros of Faber polynomials“. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 118, Nr. 3 (November 1995): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100073771.

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AbstractUsing potential theoretic methods and exploiting the connection with eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices, we investigate the limiting behaviour of zeros of Faber polynomials generated by a Laurent series. Our results build upon fundamental work of J. L. Ullman. For example, we show that if E is a compact set with simply connected complement and connected interior whose boundary is either (i) not a piecewise analytic curve or (ii) a piecewise analytic curve but with a singularity other than an outward cusp, then the equilibrium distribution for E is a limit measure of the sequence of normalized zero counting measures for the Faber polynomials associated with E.

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Khoubnasabjafari, Maryam, Khalil Ansarin, Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki, Vahid Panahi-Azar, Ali Shayanfar, Laya Mohammadzadeh und Abolghasem Jouyban. „Extraction and Analysis of Methadone in Exhaled Breath Condensate Using a Validated LC-UV Method“. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, Nr. 2 (05.06.2015): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3wk65.

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Purpose. A combined microextraction and separation method is presented for the determination of methadone in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) which is a promising non-invasive biological component for monitoring drug concentrations. Methods. In this work, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and ultrasonic liquid–liquid microextraction (ULLME) procedure coupled with a validated liquid chromatography method were used for analysis of methadone in EBC collected using an in-house cold trap setup. The method has been validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples and tested on a number of EBC samples collected from patients. Results. The best DLLME conditions involved the use of a disperser solvent of methanol (1 mL), extraction solvent of chloroform (200 mL), EBC sample pH of 10.0 and centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes. The conditions for ULLME were 150 mL of chloroform and the samples were sonicated for 4 minutes. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.5–10 mg/L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precision and accuracy were less than 5 % where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. Furthermore, the validated method was successfully applied for the determination of methadone in patients’ EBC samples. Conclusions. The outcomes indicate that the developed LC-UV combined with DLLME and/or ULLME extraction methods can be employed for the extraction and separation of methadone in EBC samples. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Hayashi, Yoichi. „Professor Ernest Czogala Memorial Issue Part 2“. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 3, Nr. 4 (20.08.1999): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1999.p0213.

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After the publication of Professor Ernest Czogala Memorial Issue Part 1, I found 2 obituaries, one in the International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vo1.9 No.1, published by the Technical University Press, Poland, by Maria Drelichowska and Lucjan Karwan of the Technical University, Silesia, Gliwice, Poland. The other was published"Fuzzy Systems in Medicine" (P.S. Szczepaniak eds.), Physica-Verlag, published in January 2000, which included my paper,"Fuzzy and Crisp Logical Rule Extraction Methods in Application to Medical Data," which I wrote in collaboration with W. Duch et al. This issue includes the final paper,"A Classifier Based on Neurofuzzy Inference," by Ernest Czogala, Jacek Leski, and Yoichi Hayashi, which is why this edition has been published later than planned. I would like include a comment by Samuel Ullman, written in Birmingham, Alabama, where Ernest's cousin and researcher James J. Buckley works: "Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind... Nobody grows old merely by years. We grow old by deserting our ideals." The Samuel Ullman Museum at the University of Alabama is at 2150 15th Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1150 (phone:001(205)934-5634), thanks to citizens of Japan and the United States. We thank Drs. Toshio Fukuda and Kaoru Hirota, Editors in Chief of the JACI, for accepting my proposal for this special issue. Special thanks also go to the referees for their cooperation, devotion, and review. We also thank Fuji Technology Press President Keiji Hayashi for his dedicated work.

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Li, Chunpu, Lei Zhang, Shuangjie Shu und Hong Liu. „A simple copper-catalyzed two-step one-pot synthesis of indolo[1,2-a]quinazoline“. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (21.10.2014): 2441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.254.

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A convenient CuI/L-proline-catalyzed, two-step one-pot method has been developed for the preparation of indolo[1,2-a]quinazoline derivatives using a sequential Ullmann-type C–C and C–N coupling. This protocol provides an operationally simple and rapid strategy for preparing indolo[1,2-a]quinazoline derivatives and displays good functional group tolerance. All the starting materials are commercial available or can be easily prepared.

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Fischer, Carolin, und Burkhard Koenig. „Palladium- and copper-mediated N-aryl bond formation reactions for the synthesis of biological active compounds“. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (14.01.2011): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.10.

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N-Arylated aliphatic and aromatic amines are important substituents in many biologically active compounds. In the last few years, transition-metal-mediated N-aryl bond formation has become a standard procedure for the introduction of amines into aromatic systems. While N-arylation of simple aromatic halides by simple amines works with many of the described methods in high yield, the reactions may require detailed optimization if applied to the synthesis of complex molecules with additional functional groups, such as natural products or drugs. We discuss and compare in this review the three main N-arylation methods in their application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds: Palladium-catalysed Buchwald–Hartwig-type reactions, copper-mediated Ullmann-type and Chan–Lam-type N-arylation reactions. The discussed examples show that palladium-catalysed reactions are favoured for large-scale applications and tolerate sterically demanding substituents on the coupling partners better than Chan–Lam reactions. Chan–Lam N-arylations are particularly mild and do not require additional ligands, which facilitates the work-up. However, reaction times can be very long. Ullmann- and Buchwald–Hartwig-type methods have been used in intramolecular reactions, giving access to complex ring structures. All three N-arylation methods have specific advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when selecting the reaction conditions for a desired C–N bond formation in the course of a total synthesis or drug synthesis.

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Patel, Bhavesh, Ranjan Patel und Manish Patel. „Synthesis and studies of the biological activity of novel pyrimido fused acridine derivatives“. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, Nr. 10 (2006): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0610015p.

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Anthranilic acid was reacted with various substituted 6-bromoquinazolinones in the presence of Cu-powder and anhydrous potassium carbonate in DMF to give acid intermediates (Ullmann Type-II condensation). All these acids were then cyclized in phosphorus oxychloride to give 11-chloropyrimido[4,5-b]acridin-4(3H)-ones. All the synthesized compounds were identified by conventional methods (1H-NMR, IR, elemental analysis) and were screened for their antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal cultures. The results were compared with standard bactericides and fungicides. All the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. .

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Pellón, Rolando F., Maite L. Docampo und Mirta L. Fascio. „Mild Method for Ullmann Reaction of 2‐Chlorobenzoic Acids and Aminothiazoles or Aminobenzothiazoles under Ultrasonic Irradiation“. Synthetic Communications 37, Nr. 11 (01.06.2007): 1853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910701319056.

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Mandouma, Ghislain R., Ayunna Epps und John Barbas. „Synthesis of Substituted 2,2’-Dinitrobiphenyls by a Novel Solvent-Free High Yielding Ullmann Coupling Biarylation:“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, Nr. 12 (31.12.2014): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss12.293.

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Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction for the first time. Biarylation of 2-iodonitrobenzene was achieved in quantitative yield when performed in a custom-made copper vial through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. The product was solid, NMR ready and required no lengthy extraction for purification. This reaction was cleaner, and faster than solution phase coupling which requires longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, added copper catalyst, and lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of the biaryl compound were synthesized in larger copper vials. This is a general method that can be used to effectively reduce industrial waste en route to sustainability.

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Lam, Solita, Yvonne Puplampu Dove, Adrienne Morris, Ayunna Epps und Ghislain R. Mandouma. „Cross-Coupling Biarylation of Nitroaryl Chlorides Through High Speed Ball Milling“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, Nr. 6 (30.06.2015): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss6.376.

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Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction. Cross-coupling biarylation of several nitroaryl chlorides was achieved in good yields when performed in custom-made copper vials through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. Cross-coupling products were obtained almost pure and NMR-ready. These reactions were cleaner than solution phase coupling which require longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, and added catalysts as well as lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of cross biaryl compounds have been synthesized with larger copper vials, a proof that this method can be used to reduce industrial waste and for sustainability.

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Wan Husin, Wan Zakiyatussariroh, und Nazatul Shahreen Zainal Abidin. „Point forecasts of mortality rates in Malaysia: a comparison of principal component methods“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1661-1669.

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<span>The problem of forecasting mortality has been widely discussed and is being considered as an important issue among actuaries and demographers. Using age and sex-specific mortality data in Malaysia, we compare and evaluate the point forecast accuracy of six principal component methods. These six methods are the Lee-Carter (LC) method, the unadjusted LC method (LCnone), the Lee-Miller (LM) variant, the Booth-Mandonald-Smith variant (BMS) and the two versions of the Hyndman-Ullah (HU). The overall performance of all methods was evaluated using out-sample forecasts based on the six error measures of three different data spanning with three different step-ahead forecasts. The data set consists of annual age-specific death rates (ASDR) for 17 age groups for both genders for the years 1980 to 2011. Results show that when the fitted period is longer, the LM method exhibits a better fit in Malaysia male ASDR and the HU6 method attains a better fit in Malaysia female ASDR. When the fitted period becomes shorter, the BMS method outperforms for male and HU1 for female ASDR. However, for overall performance, the LM method consistently outperforms others for Malaysia male ASDR and the LM and HU methods are the best good of fit for Malaysia ASDR.</span>

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Koga, Yoshito, Takeshi Kaneda, Yutaro Saito, Kei Murakami und Kenichiro Itami. „Synthesis of partially and fully fused polyaromatics by annulative chlorophenylene dimerization“. Science 359, Nr. 6374 (25.01.2018): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9801.

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Since the discovery by Ullmann and Bielecki in 1901, reductive dimerization (or homocoupling) of aryl halides has been extensively exploited for the generation of a range of biaryl-based functional molecules. In contrast to the single-point connection in these products, edge-sharing fused aromatic systems have not generally been accessible from simple aryl halides via annulation cascades. Here we report a single-step synthesis of fused aromatics with a triphenylene core by the palladium-catalyzed annulative dimerization of structurally and functionally diverse chlorophenylenes through double carbon-hydrogen bond activation. The partially fused polyaromatics can be transformed into fully fused, small graphene nanoribbons, which are otherwise difficult to synthesize. This simple, yet powerful, method allows access to functional π-systems of interest in optoelectronics research.

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Shang, Han Lin, und Steven Haberman. „Forecasting age distribution of death counts: an application to annuity pricing“. Annals of Actuarial Science 14, Nr. 1 (17.09.2019): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499519000101.

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AbstractWe consider a compositional data analysis approach to forecasting the age distribution of death counts. Using the age-specific period life-table death counts in Australia obtained from the Human Mortality Database, the compositional data analysis approach produces more accurate 1- to 20-step-ahead point and interval forecasts than Lee–Carter method, Hyndman–Ullah method and two naïve random walk methods. The improved forecast accuracy of period life-table death counts is of great interest to demographers for estimating survival probabilities and life expectancy, and to actuaries for determining temporary annuity prices for various ages and maturities. Although we focus on temporary annuity prices, we consider long-term contracts that make the annuity almost lifetime, in particular when the age at entry is sufficiently high.

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Rubtsov, Aleksandr E., und Andrei V. Malkov. „Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 2,2′-Bipyridines and Their Derivatives“. Synthesis 53, Nr. 15 (11.03.2021): 2559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706030.

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AbstractThe sustained interest in the synthesis of new analogues of 2,2′-bipyridines is supported by the importance of compounds featuring bipyridine core in diverse areas of chemical, biomedical and materials research, which is relayed into the development of new approaches and the expansion of existing synthetic methods. This short review covers advances in the synthesis of 2,2′-bipyridines, including both the synthesis of compounds with a given substitution pattern and the development of new methods for assembling the bipyridine core. Special attention is directed toward the use of pyridine N-oxides and metal-free protocols to facilitate the formation of bipyridines. This short review focuses primarily on reports published in the last 5–6 years.1 Introduction2 Ullmann-Type Homocoupling Reactions3 Cross-Coupling Reactions in the Synthesis of Bipyridines4 Coupling Reactions Employing Pyridine N-Oxides5 Other Methods for the Synthesis of 2,2′-Bipyridines6 Conclusions and Outlook

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Seifinoferest, Behnoush, Arezoo Tanbakouchian, Bagher Larijani und Mohammad Mahdavi. „Ullmann‐Goldberg and Buchwald‐Hartwig C−N Cross Couplings: Synthetic Methods to Pharmaceutically Potential N‐Heterocycles“. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 10, Nr. 6 (28.04.2021): 1319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202100072.

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Jiang, Yuyang, Hua Fu, Qun Jiang, Deshou Jiang und Yufen Zhao. „A Mild and Efficient Method for Copper-Catalyzed Ullmann-Type N-Arylation of Aliphatic Amines and Amino Acids“. Synlett 2007, Nr. 12 (Juli 2007): 1836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-982564.

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Sofi, Firdoos Ahmad, und Prasad V. Bharatam. „Synthesis of Drugs and Biorelevant N-heterocycles Employing Recent Advances in C-N Bond Formation“. Current Organic Chemistry 24, Nr. 20 (02.12.2020): 2293–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200909114144.

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C-N bond formation is a particularly important step in the generation of many biologically relevant heterocyclic molecules. Several methods have been reported for this purpose over the past few decades. Well-known named reactions like Ullmann-Goldberg coupling, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and Chan-Lam coupling are associated with the C-N bond formation reactions. Several reviews covering this topic have already been published. However, no comprehensive review covering the synthesis of drugs/ lead compounds using the C-N bond formation reactions was reported. In this review, we cover many modern methods of the C-N bond formation reactions, with special emphasis on metal-free and green chemistry methods. We also report specific strategies adopted for the synthesis of drugs, which involve the C-N bond formation reactions. Examples include anti-cancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-histaminic, antibiotics, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, antiepileptic and anti-diabetic agents. Many recently developed lead compounds generated using the C-N bond formation reactions are also covered in this review. Examples include MAP kinase inhibitors, TRKs inhibitors, Polo-like Kinase inhibitors and MPS1 inhibitors.

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Yamaki, Kazuhiko. „Strict supports of canonical measures and applications to the geometric Bogomolov conjecture“. Compositio Mathematica 152, Nr. 5 (22.12.2015): 997–1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x15007721.

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The Bogomolov conjecture claims that a closed subvariety containing a dense subset of small points is a special kind of subvariety. In the arithmetic setting over number fields, the Bogomolov conjecture for abelian varieties has already been established as a theorem of Ullmo and Zhang, but in the geometric setting over function fields, it has not yet been solved completely. There are only some partial results known such as the totally degenerate case due to Gubler and our recent work generalizing Gubler’s result. The key in establishing the previous results on the Bogomolov conjecture is the equidistribution method due to Szpiro, Ullmo and Zhang with respect to the canonical measures. In this paper we exhibit the limits of this method, making an important contribution to the geometric version of the conjecture. In fact, by the crucial investigation of the support of the canonical measure on a subvariety, we show that the conjecture in full generality holds if the conjecture holds for abelian varieties which have anywhere good reduction. As a consequence, we establish a partial answer that generalizes our previous result.

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Hart, Lynn C. „Supporting Teacher Learning: Standards-Friendly Lessons in University Methods Courses“. Teaching Children Mathematics 13, Nr. 4 (November 2006): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.13.4.0211.

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Since the publication of reform recommendations in Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 1989), many strategies have been used to align teacher practice with the Standards. For example, mathematics educators have examined the impact of coaching in teacher's classrooms (Hart, Najee-ullah, and Schultz 2004), changing curriculum materials (Educational Development Center 2005), using case studies (Barnett 1992), and participating in lesson study groups (Fernandez 2005). Although all these strategies—given the appropriate resources and teacher motivation—can improve instructional practice, many are not easily implemented in a university classroom. Teacher education programs in colleges and schools of education that attempt to facilitate substantial and lasting change in teacher practice, particularly change with preservice teachers, must often find other methods.

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Gensicka-Kowalewska, Monika, Mirosława Cichorek, Anna Ronowska, Milena Deptuła, Ilona Klejbor und Krystyna Dzierzbicka. „Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Acridine/Acridone Analogs as Potential Anticancer Agents“. Medicinal Chemistry 15, Nr. 7 (14.10.2019): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406414666181015145120.

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Background: The lack of efficacious therapy for advanced melanoma and neuroblastoma makes new approaches necessary. Therefore, many scientists seek new, more effective, more selective and less toxic anticancer drugs. Objective: We propose the synthesis of the new functionalized analogs of 1-nitroacridine/4- nitroacridone connected to tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Methods: Acridine and acridone analogues were prepared by Ullmann condensation and then cyclization reaction. As a result of nucleophilic substitution reaction 1-nitro-9-phenoxyacridine or 1- chloro-4-nitro-9(10H)-acridone with the corresponding peptides, the planned acridine derivatives (10a-c, 12, 17-a-d, 19) have been obtained. The cytotoxic activity of the newly obtained analogs were evaluated against melanotic (Ma) and amelanotic (Ab) melanoma cell lines and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y by using the XTT method. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Among the investigated analogs compound 12 exhibited the highest potency comparable to dacarbazine action for amelanotic Ab melanoma cells. FLICA test (flurochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspases) showed that this analog significantly increased the content of cells with activated caspases (C+) among both neuroblastoma lines and only Ab melanoma line. Using phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization assay, 12 induced changes in the Ab melanoma plasma membrane structure as the externalization of phosphatidylserine (An+ cells). These changes in neuroblastoma cells were less pronounced. Conclusion: Analog 12 could be proposed as the new potential chemotherapeutic against amelanotic melanoma form especially.

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Al-Zoubi, Raed M., Reem M. Altamimi, Walid K. Al-Jammal, Khaled Q. Shawakfeh, Mazhar S. Al-Zoubi, Michael J. Ferguson, Ahmad Zarour, Aksam Yassin und Abdulla Al-Ansari. „CuI-Catalyzed Ullmann-Type Coupling of Phenols and Thiophenols with 5-Substituted 1,2,3-Triiodobenzenes: Facile Synthesis of Mammary Carcinoma Inhibitor BTO-956 in One Step“. Synthesis 53, Nr. 15 (22.03.2021): 2665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1458-2980.

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AbstractA facile and unprecedented synthesis of 2,3-diiodinated or 2,6-diiodinated diaryl ether/thioether derivatives through regioselective Ullmann-type cross couplings of 5-substituted 1,2,3-triiodobenzenes and phenols/thiophenols is described. Remarkably, the coupling reactions are simply controlled by the type of nucleophiles and the nature of C5 substituent at 1,2,3-triiodoarenes providing the internal or terminal coupling products in high regioselectivity and good isolated yields. Noticeable steric and electronic effects were clearly observed on both 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and nucleophiles. The highest yields were isolated from a combination between either electron-poor 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and phenols or electron-rich 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and thiophenols. The optimized conditions were found to be suitable for several functional groups. Using this methodology, mammary carcinoma inhibitor BTO-956 is prepared in only one step with excellent regioselectivity and good isolated yield. This report discloses the first method to prepare 2,3-diiodinated and 2,6-diiodinated diaryl ethers/thioethers in one step that is efficient, regioselective, and general in scope. The products are truly remarkable precursors for other transformations.

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Sun, Pengcheng, Xiuqing Hao, Sinong Xiao, Yusheng Niu, Liang Li und Huan Qi. „A One-Step Method for Fabrication of Wear-Resistant Amphiphobic Microdimple Arrays Using Under-Liquid Laser Machining“. Coatings 10, Nr. 6 (11.06.2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060559.

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A one-step method using under-liquid laser machining (ULLM) is proposed for fabrication of microdimples on a cemented carbide surface with a wear-resistant amphiphobic property. The influence of laser processing parameters on the depth, width, and surface roughness (Ra) of the microstructures were investigated through single-factor experiments. On the basis of single-factor experiments, multiobjective optimization was carried out so that a desired surface morphology can be achieved. The model describing the relationships between laser processing parameters and corresponding responses was developed based on response surface methodology (RSM), and the adequacy of the model was assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and verified experimentally. Subsequently, the desired microstructure arrays were then fabricated with the optimal processing parameters. Finally, the wear-resistant behaviors were comparatively studied for two kinds of amphiphobic surfaces by rubbing multiple times using 1000 grit metallographic sandpaper. The textured surface fabricated using the ULLM method exhibits excellent mechanical rubbing resistance as it maintains its amphiphobic character even after rubbing 300 m under the pressure of 2.4 MPa. This facile and low-cost method can be not only easily extended to other materials but also applied to fabricate amphiphobic surfaces with wear-resistance and self-healing properties.

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Li, Chao-Jun, Jianlin Huang, Xi-Jie Dai, Haining Wang, Ning Chen, Wei Wei, Huiying Zeng et al. „An Old Dog with New Tricks: Enjoin Wolff–Kishner Reduction for Alcohol Deoxygenation and C–C Bond Formations“. Synlett 30, Nr. 13 (13.06.2019): 1508–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611853.

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The Wolff–Kishner reduction, discovered in the early 1910s, is a fundamental and effective tool to convert carbonyls into methylenes via deoxygenation under strongly basic conditions. For over a century, numerous valuable chemical products have been synthesized by this classical method. The reaction proceeds via the reversible formation of hydrazone followed by deprotonation with the strong base to give an N-anionic intermediate, which affords the deoxygenation product upon denitrogenation and protonation. By examining the mechanistic pathway of this century old classical carbonyl deoxygenation, we envisioned and subsequently developed two unprecedented new types of chemical transformations: a) alcohol deoxygenation and b) C–C bond formations with various electrophiles including Grignard-type reaction, conjugate addition, olefination, and diverse cross-coupling reactions.1 Introduction2 Background3 Alcohol Deoxygenation3.1 Ir-Catalyzed Alcohol Deoxygenation3.2 Ru-Catalyzed Alcohol Deoxygenation3.3 Mn-Catalyzed Alcohol Deoxygenation4 Grignard-Type Reactions4.1 Ru-Catalyzed Addition of Hydrazones with Aldehydes and Ketones4.2 Ru-Catalyzed Addition of Hydrazone with Imines4.3 Ru-Catalyzed Addition of Hydrazone with CO2 4.4 Fe-Catalyzed Addition of Hydrazones5 Conjugate Addition Reactions5.1 Ru-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions5.2 Fe-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions6 Cross-Coupling Reactions6.1 Ni-Catalyzed Negishi-type Coupling6.2 Pd-Catalyzed Tsuji–Trost Alkylation Reaction7 Other Reactions7.1 Olefination7.2 Heck-Type Reaction7.3 Ullmann-Type Reaction8 Conclusion and Outlook

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Akhavan, Elham, Saba Hemmati, Malak Hekmati und Hojat Veisi. „CuCl heterogenized on metformine-modified multi walled carbon nanotubes as a recyclable nanocatalyst for Ullmann-type C–O and C–N coupling reactions“. New Journal of Chemistry 42, Nr. 4 (2018): 2782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03240d.

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Strickland, N. J., C. Wekerle, I. L. Kehayes, K. Thompson, K. Dobson und S. H. Stewart. „Self-Compassion as a Compensatory Resilience Factor for the Negative Emotional Outcomes of Alcohol- Involved Sexual Assault among Undergraduates“. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience 6, Nr. 1 (07.05.2020): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069076ar.

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Objectives: Approximately half of sexual assaults involve alcohol; these assaults tend to be more severe and may be more likely to result in negative emotional outcomes like anxiety and depression (Ullman & Najdowski, 2010). Self-compassion (SC; extending kindness and care towards oneself) may promote resilience from the negative emotional consequences of alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA). This study examined SC as a resilience factor, testing whether it attenuates and/or counteracts the association between AISA and negative emotional outcomes. Methods: Undergraduate drinkers (N = 785) completed measures tapping past-term AISA (Kehayes, et al., 2019), SC (i.e., Self-Compassion Scale; Neff, 2003), and anxiety and depression (Kessler et al., 2002). The Self-Compassion Scale was scored as two higherorder domains (self-caring, self-criticism) each with three lower-order facets (self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity; over-identification, self-judgment, and isolation). Results: Supporting compensatory effects, the higher-order SC domains showed main effects: the presence of self-caring and relative absence of self-criticism counteracted the adverse effects of AISA on both anxiety and depression. Similarly, the lower-order SC facets showed main effects: the presence of self-kindness and relative absence of overidentification counteracted the adverse effects of AISA on anxiety/depression – with therelative absence of self-judgment and isolation additionally counteracting the effect of AISA on depression. Conclusion: SC works as a compensatory resilience factor for the association between AISA and anxiety/depression. Implications: SC interventions with attention towards increasing self-kindness and decreasing negative facets of SC may be important for negative emotional outcomes in general, including those following AISA.

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Yan, Kelu, Daoshan Yang, Wei Wei, Shenglei Lu, Guoqing Li, Caixia Zhao, Qingyun Zhang und Hua Wang. „Copper-catalyzed domino synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene/imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by sequential Ullmann-type coupling and intramolecular C(sp2)–H thiolation“. Organic Chemistry Frontiers 3, Nr. 1 (2016): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5qo00311c.

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Revis, Melanie. „Judith Kaplan-Weinger & Char Ullman, Methods for the ethnography of communication: Language use in schools and communities. New York/London: Routledge, 2015. Pp. xiv, 186. Pb. $42.48.“ Language in Society 45, Nr. 2 (April 2016): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740451600018x.

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Huang, Wei-Hua, Wen-Li Jia und Suning Wang. „7-Azaindolyl- and indolyl-functionalized starburst molecules with a 1,3,5-triazine or a benzene core Syntheses and luminescence“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, Nr. 4 (01.04.2006): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-022.

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The syntheses of several new 7-azaindolyl-, indolyl-, and 3-methylindolyl-functionalized starburst molecules that contain either a 1,3,5-triazine, a benzene, a 2,4,6-triphenyl-2,4,6-triazine, a 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, a 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, or a 1,3,5-tris(biphenyl)benzene core have been achieved. The synthetic methods used for these new compounds involve mostly Ullmann condensation and Suzuki coupling reactions. The thermal properties of the new molecules have been found to be highly dependent on the molecular weight and the central core. Glass transition temperatures greater than 150 °C were observed for the large starburst molecules based on the 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine or the 1,3,5-tris(biphenyl)benzene core. The new starburst molecules are luminescent in the violet-blue region in solution and in the solid state. The emission energy and the quantum efficiency were found to be highly dependent on the central core and the functional group. In general, the triazine-based molecules were found to have a smaller HOMOLUMO energy gap than the benzene-based analogues. The triphenyltriazine- or triphenylbenzene-based molecules were found to display a higher emission quantum efficiency than the large tris(biphenyl)triazine- or tris(biphenyl)benzene-based molecules.Key words: 7-azaindolyl, indolyl derivative, triazine and benzene cores, starburst molecule, blue luminescence.

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Bull, Henrik. „Ulla Neergaard, Ruth Nielsen and Lynn Roseberry (eds.): European Legal method – Paradoxes and Revitalisation“. Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap 126, Nr. 01-02 (08.04.2013): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3096-2013-01-02-10.

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Shi, Quanquan, Zhaoxian Qin, Hui Xu und Gao Li. „Heterogeneous Cross-Coupling over Gold Nanoclusters“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 6 (01.06.2019): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060838.

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Au clusters with the precise numbers of gold atoms, a novel nanogold material, have recently attracted increasing interest in the nanoscience because of very unique and unexpected properties. The unique interaction and electron transfer between gold clusters and reactants make the clusters promising catalysts during organic transformations. The AunLm nanoclusters (where L represents organic ligands and n and m mean the number of gold atoms and ligands, respectively) have been well investigated and developed for selective oxidation, hydrogenation, photo-catalysis, and so on. These gold clusters possess unique frameworks, providing insights into the catalytic processes and an excellent arena to correlate the atomic frameworks with their intrinsic catalytic properties and to further investigate the tentative reaction mechanisms. This review comprehensively summarizes the very latest advances in the catalytic applications of the Au nanoclusters for the C−C cross-coupling reactions, e.g., Ullmann, Sonogashira, Suzuki cross-couplings, and A3−coupling reactions. It is found that the proposed catalytically active sites are associated with the exposure of gold atoms on the surface of the metal core when partial capping organic ligands are selectively detached under the reaction conditions. Finally, the tentative catalytic mechanisms over the ligand-capped Au nanoclusters and the relationship of structure and catalytic performances at the atomic level using computational methods are explored in detail.

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