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Thematische Bibliographien / UCST in water

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Dissertationen
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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „UCST in water“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "UCST in water"

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Safi, Syed Ragib, Toshiki Kaneko, Katsuhiro Nakahara, Takehiko Gotoh und Takashi Iizawa. „The Removal of Hydrophobic Matter from Thermosensitive Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) Monomethyl Ether Acrylate] Gel Adsorbent in Alcohol–Water Mixtures“. Gels 8, Nr. 4 (23.03.2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8040200.

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A thermosensitive gel that exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) becomes hydrophilic at low temperatures and hydrophobic at high temperatures in water. A system for absorbing hydrophobic organic matters that exploits this property has been reported. While washing the gel at a low temperature with a good solvent is a possible method for removing the adsorbed matter, a process that then shrinks the gel is also required. Herein, we focused on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) mono(m)ethyl ether acrylate] (POEGA) gels as thermosensitive gels suitable for use in this system. POEGAs are known to contain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units in their side chains and exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aliphatic alcohols. By exploiting this property, we developed a method for removing hydrophobic matters that accumulate in these gels; we also evaluated the LCST and UCST behavior of POEGA gels in alcohol–water mixtures, and measured the LCSTs of these gels in water and their UCSTs in some alcohols.

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Pham, Thu Thao, und Shin-ichi Yusa. „Thermo-Responsive Polyion Complex of Polysulfobetaine and a Cationic Surfactant in Water“. Polymers 14, Nr. 15 (03.08.2022): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153171.

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Poly(4-((3-methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)butane-1-sulfonate) (PSBP) was prepared via controlled radical polymerization. PSBP showed upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aqueous solutions, which could be controlled by adjusting the polymer and NaCl concentrations. Owing to its pendant sulfonate anions, PSBP exhibited a negative zeta potential of −7.99 mV and formed a water-soluble ion complex with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) via attractive electrostatic interaction. A neutral PSBP/CTAB complex was formed under equimolar concentrations of the pendant sulfonate group in PSBP and the quaternary ammonium group in CTAB. Transmittance electron microscopic images revealed the spherical shape of the complex. The stoichiometrically neutral-charge PSBP/CTAB complex exhibited UCST behavior in aqueous solutions. Similar to PSBP, the phase transition temperature of the PSBP/CTAB complex could be tuned by modifying the polymer and NaCl concentrations. In 0.1 M aqueous solution, the PSBP/CTAB complex showed UCST behavior at a low complex concentration of 0.084 g/L, whereas PSBP did not exhibit UCST behavior at concentrations below 1.0 g/L. This observation suggests that the interaction between PSBP and CTAB in the complex was stronger than the interpolymer interaction of PSBP.

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Sun, Wenhui, und Peiyi Wu. „A molecular level study of the phase transition process of hydrogen-bonding UCST polymers“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, Nr. 32 (2018): 20849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04147d.

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Saita, Shohei, Yuki Mieno, Yuki Kohno und Hiroyuki Ohno. „Ammonium based zwitterions showing both LCST- and UCST-type phase transitions after mixing with water in a very narrow temperature range“. Chem. Commun. 50, Nr. 97 (2014): 15450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06210h.

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Higashi, Nobuyuki, Ryo Sonoda und Tomoyuki Koga. „Thermo-responsive amino acid-based vinyl polymers showing widely tunable LCST/UCST behavior in water“. RSC Advances 5, Nr. 83 (2015): 67652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13009c.

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Asadujjaman, Asad, Tiago Espinosa de Oliveira, Debashish Mukherji und Annabelle Bertin. „Polyacrylamide “revisited”: UCST-type reversible thermoresponsive properties in aqueous alcoholic solutions“. Soft Matter 14, Nr. 8 (2018): 1336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02424j.

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Yao, Wenhui, Huiyong Wang, Guokai Cui, Zhiyong Li und Jianji Wang. „Tuning phase behaviour of PEG-functionalized ionic liquids from UCST to LCST in alcohol–water mixtures“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, Nr. 42 (2016): 29192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05668g.

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Asadujjaman, Asad, Vahid Ahmadi, Meral Yalcin, Niels ten Brummelhuis und Annabelle Bertin. „Thermoresponsive functional polymers based on 2,6-diaminopyridine motif with tunable UCST behaviour in water/alcohol mixtures“. Polymer Chemistry 8, Nr. 20 (2017): 3140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00539c.

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Zhang, Hu, Shengwei Guo, Weizheng Fan und Yue Zhao. „Ultrasensitive pH-Induced Water Solubility Switch Using UCST Polymers“. Macromolecules 49, Nr. 4 (04.02.2016): 1424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02522.

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Seuyep N., Denis H., Daniel Szopinski, Gerrit A. Luinstra und Patrick Theato. „Post-polymerization modification of reactive polymers derived from vinylcyclopropane: a poly(vinylcyclopropane) derivative with physical gelation and UCST behaviour in ethanol–water mixtures“. Polym. Chem. 5, Nr. 19 (2014): 5823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py00740a.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "UCST in water"

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Pineda, Contreras Beatriz Amanda [Verfasser], und Seema [Akademischer Betreuer] Agarwal. „Basic Studies of UCST Polymers in Water and their Processing as Films and Fibers / Beatriz Amanda Pineda-Contreras ; Betreuer: Seema Agarwal“. Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136017496/34.

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Audureau, Nicolas. „Synthèse de (co)polymères à UCST par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par RAFT et étude de leur thermosensibilité dans l’eau“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS299.pdf.

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Depuis une dizaine d'années, les polymères ayant un comportement à UCST dans l'eau suscitent de plus en plus d’intérêt. Parmi eux, le poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(Am- co-AN)) et le poly(N-acryloyl glucinamide) sont les plus populaires. Ils ont principalement été étudiés pour développer de nouveaux systèmes intélligents destinés à des applications biomédicales. Cependant, la reproductibilité de leur synthèse pour obtenir un polymère ayant une température de transition de phase (TCP) donnée n’est pas toujours aisée. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons dans un premier temps complété les études sur le P(Am-co-AN) décrites dans la littérature en réalisant sa synthèse dans l’eau par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par RAFT. Nous avons ensuite développé une nouvelle famille de (co)polymères à base d’acrylamide de N-cyanométhyle (CMAm) ou d’acrylamide de N-cyanoéthyle (CEAm) présentant un comportement de type UCST dans l’eau couvrant une très large gamme de TCP accessibles (~20-85 °C). De plus, nous avons synthétisé dans l’eau des copolymères à blocs à base des différents (co)polymères à UCST via le procédé PISA-RAFT en utilisant des macro-agents RAFT hydrophiles à base de poly(acrylamide de N,N-diméthyle) (PDMAc). Ce procédé nous a permis d’obtenir des nano-objets thermosensibles de différentes morphologies. Dans le cas des PDMAc-b-P(Am-co-AN), nous avons montré l’existence d’une transition morphologique fibres/sphères partiellement réversible, induite par le chauffage du milieu. Dans le cas des copolymères PDMAc-b-PCMAm, nous avons pu synthétiser -avec un bon contrôle- une large gamme de morphologies (sphères, fibres et vésicules)
Over the past decade, polymers exhibiting a UCST type behavior in water have gained more and more interest. Among them, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(Am-co-AN)) and poly(N- acryloyl glucinamide) are the most popular. They have been mainly studied for the develoment of new smart systems for biomedical applications. Yet, reproductibility of their synthesis to obtain polymers with the targeted phase transition temperature (TCP) is not always straightforward. In this thesis, we firstly completed previous studies available in the litterature on P(Am-co-AN) by synthesizing it in water using RAFT-controlled radical polymerization. We also developed a new familly of (co)polymers based on N-cyanomethylacrylamide (CMAm) and N-cyanoethylacrylamide (CEAm) exhibiting a UCST-type behavior in water covering a very large range of TCP (~20-85 °C). Moreover, we have shown that block copolymers composed of the former UCST type (co)polymers could be achieved with good polymerization control in water via the PISA-RAFT process using a poly(N,N- dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAc) macroRAFT agent. The process allowed us to obtain thermoresponsive nano-objects of different morpholgies. Remarkably, in the case of PDMAc-b-P(Am- co-AN), we have shown the existence of a partially reversible worms-to-spheres morphological transition induced by heating of the medium. In the case of PDMAc-b-PCMAm diblock copolymers, we have shown that a large range of morphologies, namely spheres, worms and vesicles, was accessible

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Jackson, Steven J. „Building the virtual river : numbers, models, and the politics of water in California /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3212684.

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O'Hara, Jeffrey Keith. „Water resources planning under climate change and variability“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259069.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 21, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Daniels, Mark J. „Characterization of water channel proteins (Aquaporins) in plants /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9735273.

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Conant, William Christopher. „Interactions between aerosol, water vapor, and solar radiation /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3025938.

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Terrill, Eric J. „Acoustic measurements of air entrainment by breaking waves /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907829.

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Ruane, Alexander C. „Diurnal to annual variations in the atmospheric water cycle“. Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3263195.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 10, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-154).

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Hahn, Thomas R. „Low-frequency acoustic emissions of a plunging water jet /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9944224.

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Boime, Eric I. „Fluid boundaries : Southern California, Baja California, and the conflict over the Colorado River, 1848-1944 /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071055.

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Buchteile zum Thema "UCST in water"

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Córdova, France Anne. „Walter Kohn and the UCSB Campus“. In Walter Kohn, 48–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55609-8_16.

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Bhattacharyya, Jishnu, Ben Krishna, Mukesh Narmetta, Olea Roy und Soumyadeep Kundu. „Modeling and Prediction of Zone of Critical Concern“. In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 80–103. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1966-0.ch004.

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The on-campus residence and activities of students, faculty members, visitors, and university staff result in the generation of university campus solid waste (UCSW). An accurate forecast of UCSW generation is crucial for proper on-campus waste management. This chapter, therefore, aims at identifying significant variables that affect the excess production of waste at a higher education institute in Kozhikode in the Indian state of Kerala. The study is expected to improve the waste management program therein. A literature review methodology, along with a series of interviews, has been used to frame and execute a questionnaire-based study where waste management staff provides the required responses. The modeling technique used is a Probit regression. The influential variables that affect the excess generation of waste are average education level, the status of employment, the urban background of most residents, consumption of water and electricity, space understudy, and management control. All the results in this research can be utilized as a part of waste management programs and in improving capacities to manage waste. This will also help in understanding the type of areas that are zones of critical concern in terms of waste management. The observations incorporated in the study is in the Indian context and are unique among the existing literature.

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S. Okem, Eche, Nathan N. Chilukwa und Mohamed M.H. Mostafa. „Strengthening Substandard Road Materials with Nanoemulsion-Based Stabilisation: An Experimental Study“. In Asphalt Materials - Recent Developments and New Perspective [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004313.

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This study considered using nanotechnology-based products to stabilise and enhance the properties of a substandard quality road construction material. Two stabilisers, herein referenced as Nano-A and Nano-B, were utilised to stabilise a G6 gravel material with a California bearing ratio (CBR) of 25% and a Plasticity Index (PI) of 4%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests showed that the material contained 58% Quartz with 36.5% clay minerals in the fraction passing the 0.075 mm sieve. The impact of the stabilisers on the material was evaluated through CBR, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests. The results revealed that both stabilisers significantly improved the bearing strength of the material by as much as 53 and 92% for Nano-A and Nano-B, respectively. Significant improvements were also noted in UCS and ITS results. The study also revealed that both rapid and 28-day curing conditions result in similar strength effects in the samples. Nano-B also showed great potential for improving the material’s hydrophobic properties as measured by the resistance to water damage. The research findings indicate an enhanced load-bearing capacity of the stabilised material, ensuring long-lasting pavement infrastructure. These enhancements demonstrate the effectiveness of Nano-A and Nano-B in improving the properties of substandard road construction materials. Tests on more substandard materials are recommended.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "UCST in water"

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Zhang, Yi, Rami Ghannam, Manousos Valyrakis und Hadi Heidari. „Design and Implementation of a 3D Printed Sensory Ball for Wireless Water Flow Monitoring“. In 2019 UK/ China Emerging Technologies (UCET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ucet.2019.8881861.

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Shijian Ge, Yongzhen Peng und Shuying Wang. „Nutrient removal performance at low temperatures in the modified UCT step feed process“. In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893652.

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Zhang, Yapei, Suizheng Qiu, Guanghui Su und Wenxi Tian. „A Novel Point Estimate Procedure for IVR Calculations in Core-Molten Severe Accident“. In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29008.

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In-Vessel Retention (IVR) of core melt is a key severe accident management strategy adopted by operating nuclear power plants and advanced light water reactors (ALWRs), AP600, AP1000 etc. External Reactor Vessel Cooling (ERVC), which involves flooding the reactor cavity to submerge the reactor vessel in an attempt to cool core debris relocated to the vessel low head, is a novel severe accident management for IVR analysis. In present study, IVR analysis code in severe accident (IVRASA) has been proposed to evaluate the safety margin of IVR in AP600 with anticipative depressurization and reactor cavity flooding in severe accident. For, IVRASA, the point estimate procedure has been developed for modeling the steady-state endpoint of core melt configurations. Furthermore, IVRASA was developed in a more general fashion so that it is applicable to compute various molten configurations such as UCSB FInal Bounding State (FIBS) etc. The results by IVRASA were consistent with those of the UCSB and INEEL. Benchmark calculations of UCSB-assumed FIBS indicate the applicability and accuracy of IVRASA and it could be applied to predict the thermal response of various molten configurations.

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Mathiesen, Patrick J., Craig Collier und Jan P. Kleissl. „Development and Validation of an Operational, Cloud-Assimilating Numerical Weather Prediction Model for Solar Irradiance Forecasting“. In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91408.

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For solar irradiance forecasting, the operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (e.g. the North American Model (NAM)) have excellent coverage and are easily accessible. However, their accuracy in predicting cloud cover and irradiance is largely limited by coarse resolutions (> 10 km) and generalized cloud-physics parameterizations. Furthermore, with hourly or longer temporal output, the operational NWP models are incapable of forecasting intra-hour irradiance variability. As irradiance ramp rates often exceed 80% of clear sky irradiance in just a few minutes, this deficiency greatly limits the applicability of the operational NWP models for solar forecasting. To address these shortcomings, a high-resolution, cloud-assimilating model was developed at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and Garrad-Hassan, America, Inc (GLGH). Based off of the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model, an operational 1.3 km-gridded solar forecast is implemented for San Diego, CA that is optimized to simulate local meteorology (specifically, summertime marine layer fog and stratus conditions) and sufficiently resolved to predict intra-hour variability. To produce accurate cloud-field initializations, a direct cloud assimilation system (WRF-CLDDA) was also developed. Using satellite imagery and ground weather station reports, WRF-CLDDA statistically populates the initial conditions by directly modifying cloud hydrometeors (cloud water and water vapor content). When validated against the dense UCSD pyranometer network, WRF-CLDDA produced more accurate irradiance forecasts than the NAM and more frequently predicted marine layer fog and stratus cloud conditions.

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Hefni, Mohammed. „Reinforcing Cemented Paste Backfill With Basalt Fiber: A Path Towards Sustainable Practice in Mine Backfilling“. In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2023-0137.

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Abstract Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is a mixture of mine tailings, hydraulic binder, water, and other additives. CPB is used to backfill underground cavities created during ore extraction, reducing tailings exposure to the environment. However, the consumption of cement in CPB not only increases the operational cost of CPB but also runs counter sustainable mining practices. This prompted scholars to seek environmentally friendly alternatives without compromising CPB properties. Therefore, this experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of utilizing basalt fiber (BF) as a sustainable material in CPB applications. CPB samples were prepared with different dosages of BF (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) using two different fiber lengths (12-mm and 18-mm). CPB samples were tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The findings show that BF can improve UCS by up to 35% compared to the reference mixture. This potential alternative offers a sustainable solution to mitigate the negative impacts associated with cement use in CPB applications.

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Arbad, Nachiket, Fernando Rincon, Catalin Teodoriu und Mahmood Amani. „Mechanical Properties of API Class C Cement Contaminated with Oil-Based Mud OBM at Elevated Temperatures and Early Curing Time“. In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204302-ms.

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Abstract The catastrophic events faced by the Oil and Gas industry in the past depict the importance of maintaining the integrity of the well. The cement acts as a crucial barrier throughout the life cycle of the well. The contamination of the cement occurs due to inefficiency in cementing practices and operations. Experimental investigations have been done on the reduction in mechanical properties of different API class cement considering contamination with water-based mud and oil-based mud. This study focuses on analyzing the changes in mechanical properties of API Class C cement on varying the following parameters: OBM contamination (0%, 0.6%, 1.1%, 2.2%, 4.3%) Curing time (4 hrs, 6 hrs, 8 hrs, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days) Temperature (25˚C, 75 ˚C) API recommendations were followed for preparing the cement slurries. The destructive, as well as non-destructive tests were carried out on the cement samples at ambient room temperature to measure the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for OBM contaminated class C cement slurries. The general trend observed is that the UCS increases with an increase in curing time and temperature. UCS decreases with an increase in OBM contamination. Logarithmic trends were obtained for UCS vs curing time for different contaminations at a given temperature. Exceptions were observed at lower curing times where contaminated samples showed better results than the neat cement slurries. These observations play a critical role in understanding contaminated cement behavior. This widespread work was carried out only on API Class C cement to provide reliable data for future references. The correlations presented in this paper will help operators estimate the deterioration in mechanical properties of Class C cement in the presence of low OBM contamination. Email: nachiket.arbad@ou.edu & cteodoriu@ou.edu

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Antonov, Dimitar. „Soil Based Barriers for a Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal“. In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4761.

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The loess terrains near “Kozloduy” NPP are among the prospective areas for the disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive waste. The analysis of the loess properties has shown two main problems: a loess collapsibility and water permeability. Using a soil-cement cushion under the repository foundation and a soil-cement backfill between the containers is a possibility to avoid these disadvantages. In this connection loess-cement mixtures with bentonite and clinoptilolite additives have been investigated. The aim of mixtures is to improve the impermeability and sorbtion properties against radionuclide migration. In the paper strength parameters of two kind of mixtures are discussed. According to their water content some are compacted at the optimum moisture content until the maximum dry density and others are compacted at higher moisture content equal to the liquid limit of loess. For the first type of mixtures the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) varies from 2 to 6 MPa depending on the cement and additives percents. Permeability measurements have shown satisfactory results. The UCS for the second type of mixtures is less than the first type, but is sufficient for a backfill between the waste containers. The conclusion is that the loess-cement mixtures, especially these with clinoptilolite additive, are prospective as barriers of a low and intermediate level radioactive waste repository.

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Morehouse, Jeffrey H., und Kenneth W. Detwiler. „Assessment of a Biomass Gasification Co-Generation Plant Based on the UCS’s “Principles for Bioenergy Development”“. In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54262.

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An assessment of the University of South Carolina’s (USC) biomass gasification plant, which produces steam and electricity, is made using the five “Guiding Principles” found in the April 2007 update of the Union of Concerned Scientists’ (UCS) Principles for Bioenergy Development document [1]. The UCS’s guiding principles are to... “help guide bioenergy development in a manner that maximizes opportunities and helps address the challenges associated with this renewable resource.” The USC biomass plant is the first commercial biomass gasification plant producing steam and electricity in the USA. It uses bark chips from the pulp wood industry as its fuel source. Gasification of the bark produces syngas which is then oxidized and used as the heat source to generate 60,000 lb/hour (maximum) of steam at 600 psig and 740 F. The steam first passes through a turbine-generator producing 1.5 MW (maximum) of electricity and then is circulated via the campus system at 115 psig and 325 F for heating and hot water use. The plant’s construction, operational conditions, and environmental and economic impacts are examined versus the five UCS guiding principles.

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Chen, Haohua, und Ingrid Tomac. „Numerical Modeling of Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger in Southern California - Feasibility Study“. In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0582.

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ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation into the feasibility of low thermal-gradient deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) applications on campus at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). With a review of primary source data for various formations and well logs around the UCSD campus, the stratigraphy and thermo-physical properties of the formation were evaluated. Based on the collected information, a numerical model for the BHE application was developed. Circulation of water through a closed coaxial loop system considers the variation of several parameters in order to develop the feasibility study and obtain guidelines for the future UCSD geothermal resource. For example, multiple layers of the formation and thus the variance of ground thermal conductivities along the vertical direction were considered, and fluid velocity and borehole depth were varied. To do that, a numerical scheme that employs finite element schemes for modeling Navier-Stokes fluid flow and heat flow and transport in the BHE system constructed the numerical model. The numerical model verification was first performed via comparisons with a field test on BHE from the literature. Then the effects of the thermal properties, volumetric flow rate, and other relevant parameters were systematically analyzed by using the developed numerical modeling. The proposed model can be used to evaluate the suitability of BHE applications with low thermal-gradient in southern California. INTRODUCTION The utilization of fossil fuels has surged significantly during the last half-century, resulting in enormous carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and thus significant climate change. To tackle that, the United Nations, the G7 economies and many countries around the world have started or are going to promote the shift to renewable energy (UN DESA 2017; Gielen et al. 2019; G7 2021). Among different renewable energy, geothermal energy has been used for centuries and it is expected to meet 3%-5% of global demand by 2050 (Craig and Gavin 2018). Based on the depth of geothermal energy reservoirs, there are two major types of geothermal systems: shallow geothermal systems (≤400 m) and deep geothermal systems (> 400 m) according to White (1966).

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LIU, Zhengdong. „Status of the Power Industry in China and Overall Progress for A-USC Technology“. In AM-EPRI 2016, herausgegeben von J. Parker, J. Shingledecker und J. Siefert. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2016p0024.

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Abstract The Chinese power industry has experienced rapid development in the past decade. The newly built 600+°C ultra-super-critical (UCS) fossil fire power plants and pressed water reactor nuclear power plants in China are the world’s most advanced level technically and effectively. The available capacity of 600+°C UCS fossil fire power plant in China is more than 200 GW by the end of 2015, which has greatly contributed to the energy-saving and emission-reduction for China and the whole world. In China, the 610°C and 620°C advanced USC (A-USC) fossil fire power plants had been combined into the grid, 630°C A-USC fossil fire power plant is about to start to build, the feasibility of 650°C A-USC fossil fire power plant is under evaluation, 700°C AUSC fossil fire power plant has been included in the national energy development plan and the first Chinese 700°C A-USC testing rig had been put into operation in December 2015. The advanced heat resistant materials are the bottlenecking to develop A-USC fossil fire power plant worldwide. In this paper, the research and development of candidate heat resistant steels and alloys selected and/or used for 600+°C A-UCS fossil fire power plant in China is emphasized, including newly innovated G115 martensitic steel used for 630°C steam temperature, C-HRA-2 fully solid-solution strengthening nickel alloy used for 650°C steam temperature, C-HRA-3 solid-solution strengthening nickel alloy used for 680°C steam temperature, 984G iron-nickel alloy used for 680°C steam temperature, C-HRA-1 precipitation hardening nickel alloy and C700R1 solid-solution strengthening nickel alloy used for 700+°C steam temperature.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "UCST in water"

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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen und Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.

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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha und Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.

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