Zeitschriftenartikel: „U.S. rural South“

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Wang, Jiaxiang, Fanqi Meng, Li Dong, Shiwei Yu und Yu Zhang. „A Comparative Study on the Identification Methods of Urban–Rural Integration Zones from the Perspective of Symbiosis Theory and Urban Expansion Theory“. Land 12, Nr. 7 (21.06.2023): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071272.

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Urban–rural integration zones are areas with the most prominent and complex contradictions in economic and social, humanistic and geographical, and urban–rural contexts. Properly identifying such zones is essential for promoting urban–rural integrated development and rural revitalization efforts. In this study, symbiosis theory and urban expansion theory are employed to analyze and identify the spatial characteristics of urban–rural integration zones in the main urban area of Dalian City. Two distinct methods, namely the G-statistic (G-S) method and the urban–urban–rural integration zone–rural gradient model (U-URIZ-R GM) method, are used to delimit these zones. Furthermore, the results of these methods are compared and analyzed to explore their respective practical applications. The results indicate that both methods produce satisfactory identification outcomes for delimiting urban–rural integration zones in the main urban area of Dalian. Specifically, the identified urban–rural integration zones are predominantly situated in the northwest and south regions, aligning with the coastline and major transportation routes. However, hilly terrain is a crucial factor that influences the delimitation of urban–rural integration zones, and it is worth considering whether forested areas located in the urban fringe should be included based on the development needs of different cities. Notably, within the core area of Dalian’s main city, an extensive expanse of mountainous woodland exists, leading to limitations in the applicability of certain indicators within the index system, such as surface temperature and vegetation cover, for determining urban–rural integration zones. Symbiosis and urban expansion theories play a vital role in guiding the identification of urban–rural integration zones. Although both methods can be used to demarcate these zones, the G-statistics method is probably more useful in cities with significant topographical features, while the urban–urban–rural integration zone–rural gradient model is more appropriate for cities with less impact from topography on urban expansion.

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Innasimuthu, Arockia John, Dhaarani Jayaraman, Gracelin Jeyarani, Julius Xavier Scott, Sumedh Krishna Iyengar, Lalitha Subramanian, Latha M. Sneha, Balaji Thiruvengadam Kovindan und Janani Arul. „Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Cancer—Single-Center, Prospective Cross-Sectional Study from South India“. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 43, Nr. 03 (Juni 2022): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749402.

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Abstract Introduction Holistic care for children with chronic diseases including cancer should include psychological support for children and their families. The impact of pediatric malignancies in regard to quality of life (QOL) of parents is poorly described. Objectives We aim to study the QOL of parents of children diagnosed with cancer in physical, psychosocial, environmental, and social domains. Materials and Methods A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with 162 parents of children diagnosed with malignancy for 3 months or more. Assessment was done by World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire that includes four domains with a total of 26 questions. Data analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0; p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results on continuous measurements were presented as “Mean ± SD” and categorical measurements were presented as percentages (%). Differences in the quantitative variables between groups were assessed by unpaired-t-test; comparison between groups by nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test and chi-squared test was used to analyze categorical variables with p-value of < 0.05 using a two-tailed taken as statistically significant. Results Mean raw scores of QOL in physical health, psychological, social, and environmental domains were 20.10, 15.28, 8.10, and 25.24, respectively, with social relationships being the lowest; inadequate or low QOL was noted in 50% study population and it was maximally affected by increased duration of treatment, multimodality treatment, socioeconomic status, rural population, education and occupation status of the parents, and increased cost of care. Type of family or place of residence, family history of psychiatric illness, or malignancy did not influence the QOL of parents of children with cancer. Conclusion Psychological support from the beginning of the treatment along with financial, social support should be offered through a comprehensive care program to improve the QOL.

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Raby, J. J. „U. S. S. SOUTH DAKOTA“. Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 19, Nr. 1 (18.03.2009): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1907.tb00480.x.

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Dinger, H. C. „U. S. S. SOUTH CAROLINA“. Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 22, Nr. 1 (18.03.2009): 200–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1910.tb04549.x.

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Richter, William L., und Shivaji Ganguly. „U. S. Policy Toward South Asia.“ Pacific Affairs 64, Nr. 2 (1991): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759984.

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Silvestre, R., M. Untiveros und W. J. Cuellar. „First Report of Potato yellowing virus (Genus Ilarvirus) in Solanum phureja from Ecuador“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 3 (März 2011): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0624.

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A bacilliform virus, named Potato yellowing virus (PYV), causing chlorosis of leaves was reported in 1992 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields in Peru (1) and symptomless wild potatoes (S. fernandezianum) in Chile (4). PYV is reported as an alfamo-like virus (1) (family Bromoviridae) but no sequence information is available for this virus, making its taxonomic position inside the Bromoviridae uncertain (currently this family is organized into five genera: Alfamovirus, Bromovirus, Cucumovirus, Ilarvirus, and Oleavirus). Herein we report the presence of PYV in native potatoes (Solanum phureja) collected from Ecuador where the crop constitutes an important source of income in rural communities. Forty accessions of S. phureja collected in Ecuador in June 1986 and maintained in vitro at the International Potato Center (CIP) germplasm bank were analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with antiserum raised against a Peruvian isolate of PYV (1). PYV was detected in six accessions (15% of the material) corresponding to cultivars Chaucha Tomate and Chaucha Blanca (from the province of Cañar), Chaucha Negra Ojona and Chaucha Amarilla (Loja Province), and Cuica and Chaucha (Azuay Province). Mechanical inoculation of the indicator plant Physalis floridiana with leaf extracts of these six plants, a PYV isolate from Peru (1) (positive control), and an additional four plants testing negative for PYV (negative controls) induced symptoms of mosaic and leaf deformation only with the six clones from Ecuador and the PYV isolate from Peru. To further confirm the presence of the virus, we used universal PCR primers designed for the Bromoviridae (Ilar1F5: 5′-GCNGGWTGYGGDAARWCNAC-3′ and Ilar1R7: 5′-AMDGGWAYYTGYTYNGTRTCACC-3′) that target the helicase motif (RNA1) (3). Total RNA was extracted from 200 mg of leaf material (from potato and mechanically inoculated P. floridiana) using Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) following the manufacturer's instructions and cDNA was synthesized using random hexamer primers. We obtained a reverse transcription-PCR amplified band only from samples that were DAS-ELISA positive to PYV. To identify the virus at the genus level, we cloned the PCR fragments (265 nucleotides) from four of the samples from Ecuador and the Peruvian isolate into plasmid vectors (pGEM-T Easy Vector cloning system; Promega, Madison, WI) for Sanger sequencing (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Phylogenetic analysis grouped PYV sequences with those of the genus Ilarvirus. Among the ilarviruses, Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (2) was the closest relative of PYV, with which it shares 77% nucleotide and 85% amino acid sequence identity. PYV isolates from Ecuador split into two different variants (91% identity) that shared 93% nucleotide and 99% amino acid sequence identity with the Peruvian isolate. Collectively, the data suggest that PYV is a distinct ilarvirus and that it is more widely spread among South American potatoes than previously suggested. The GenBank Accession Numbers for the sequences described are: HQ141053 (Loja1), HQ141054 (Azuay), HQ141055 (Cañar), and HQ141056 (Loja2) for the isolates from Ecuador and HQ141057 (PYV-Cañete) for the isolate from Peru. References: (1) S. Fuentes and U. Jayasinghe. Fitopatología 28:22, 1993. (2) I. E. Tzanetakis and R. R. Martin. Virus Res. 112:32, 2005. (3) M. Untiveros et al. J. Virol. Methods 165:97, 2010. (4) J. P. T. Valkonen et al. Potato Res. 35:411, 1992.

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Nazuri, Nur Shuhamin, Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Sara Shakilla Mohd Salim, Mohamad Firdaus Ahmad, Siti Shazwani Ahmad Suhaimi und Nur Syazwani Zulaikha Safwan. „Promoting Economic Empowerment Through Effective Implementation and Linking Social Capital in Urban Agriculture Programs“. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, Nr. 11 (28.11.2023): e726. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i11.726.

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Akhter, J., & Cheng, K. (2020). Sustainable empowerment initiatives among rural women through microcredit borrowings in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 12: 2275. Ani, F., Ramlan, N., Yusoff, R., & Damin, Z.A. (2018). Measuring the level of participation and its relationship with psychological empowerment through community based organisation (CBO) activities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8: 647-658. Barker, J., & Thomson, L. (2015). Helpful relationships with service users: Linking social capital. Australian Social Work, 68: 130-145. Bisaga, I., Parikh, P., & Loggia, C. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for sustainable urban farming in South African low-income settlements: A case study in Durban. Sustainability, 11: 5660. Cheah, J.H., Thurasamy, R., Memon, M.A., Chuah, F., & Ting, H. (2020). Multigroup analysis using SmartPLS: Step-by-step guidelines for business research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 10: I-XIX. Claridge, T. (2018). Functions of social capital–bonding, bridging, linking. Social Capital Research, 20: 1-7. Cohen, J. M., & Uphoff, N. T. (1977). Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation. Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation., 2: 29-46. Díaz-Gibson, J., Zaragoza, M.C., Daly, A.J., Mayayo, J.L., & Romaní, J. R. (2017). Networked leadership in educational collaborative networks. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45: 1040-1059. Eryanto, H., Swaramarinda, D.R., & Nurmalasari, D. (2019). Effectiveness of entrepreneurship practice program: using CIPP program evaluation. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22: 1-10. Evans, P. (1997). State-society synergy: Government and social capital in development. FAO. (2019). Urban and peri-urban agriculture in Asia and the Pacific: Opportunities, challenges and policy implications. 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The mediating effects of capability development on the relationships between social capital and the effectiveness of community development programme among farmers in malaysia. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 12: 28-44.

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Vasquez, Antonio. „Situating Mexican Immigration in Contemporary U .S. South“. American Studies in Scandinavia 43, Nr. 1 (01.03.2011): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v43i1.4388.

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Langbauer, Laurie. „Early British Travelers to the U. S. South“. Southern Literary Journal 40, Nr. 1 (2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/slj.2008.0010.

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Pray, C., N. Narula, E. C. Wong, J. K. Marshall, S. Rangarajan, S. Islam, A. Bahonar et al. „A176 ASSOCIATIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS, HORMONAL THERAPIES, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, AND LONG-TERM NSAIDS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE URBAN RURAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (PURE) STUDY“. Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (01.03.2023): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.176.

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Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is believed to involve activation of the intestinal immune system in response to the gut microbiome among genetically susceptible hosts. IBD has been historically regarded as a disease of developed nations, though in the past two decades there has been a reported shift in the epidemiological pattern of disease. High-income nations with known high prevalence of disease are seeing a stabilization of incident cases, while a rapid rise of incident IBD is being observed in developing nations. This suggests that environmental exposures may play a role in mediating the risk of developing IBD. The potential environmental determinants of IBD across various regions is vast, though medications have been increasingly recognized as one broad category of risk factors. Purpose Several medications have been considered to contribute to the etiology of IBD. This study assessed the association between medication use and risk of developing IBD using the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort. Method This was a prospective cohort study of 133,137 individuals between the ages of 20-80 from 24 countries. Country-specific validated questionnaires documented baseline and follow-up medication use. Participants were followed prospectively at least every 3 years. The main outcome was development of IBD, including CD and UC. Short-term (baseline but not follow-up use) and long-term use (baseline and subsequent follow-up use) was evaluated. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Result(s) During the median follow-up of 11.0 years [interquartile range (IQR) 9.2-12.2], we recorded 571 incident cases of IBD (143 CD and 428 UC). Higher risk of incident IBD was associated with baseline antibiotic use [aOR: 2.81 (95% CI: 1.67-4.73), p=0.0001] and hormonal medication use [aOR: 4.43 (95% CI: 1.78-11.01), p=0.001]. Among females, previous or current oral contraceptive use was also associated with IBD development [aOR: 2.17 (95% CI: 1.70-2.77), p=5.02E-10]. NSAID users were also observed to have increased risk of IBD [aOR: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.23-2.64), p=0.002], which was driven by long-term users [aOR: 5.58 (95% CI: 2.26-13.80), p<0.001]. All significant results were consistent in direction for CD and UC with low heterogeneity. Conclusion(s) Antibiotics, hormonal medications, oral contraceptives, and long-term NSAID use were associated with increased odds of incident IBD after adjustment for covariates. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding below: Salim Yusuf is supported by the Heart & Stroke Foundation/Marion W. Burke Chair in Cardiovascular Disease. The PURE Study is an investigator-initiated study funded by the Population Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, support from CIHR’s Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) through the Ontario SPOR Support Unit, as well as the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and through unrestricted grants from several pharmaceutical companies, with major contributions from AstraZeneca (Canada), Sanofi-Aventis (France and Canada), Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany and Canada), Servier, and GlaxoSmithkline, and additional contributions from Novartis and King Pharma and from various national or local organisations in participating countries; these include: Argentina: Fundacion ECLA; Bangladesh: Independent University, Bangladesh and Mitra and Associates; Brazil: Unilever Health Institute, Brazil; Canada: Public Health Agency of Canada and Champlain Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Network; Chile: Universidad de la Frontera; China: National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Colombia: Colciencias, grant number 6566-04-18062; India: Indian Council of Medical Research; Malaysia: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia, grant numbers 100 -IRDC/BIOTEK 16/6/21 (13/2007) and 07-05-IFN-BPH 010, Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia grant number 600 -RMI/LRGS/5/3 (2/2011), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM-Hejim-Komuniti-15-2010); occupied Palestinian territory: the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, occupied Palestinian territory; International Development Research Centre, Canada; Philippines: Philippine Council for Health Research & Development; Poland: Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant number 290/W-PURE/2008/0, Wroclaw Medical University; Saudi Arabia: the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (research group number RG -1436-013); South Africa: the North-West University, SANPAD (SA and Netherlands Programme for Alternative Development), National Research Foundation, Medical Research Council of SA, The SA Sugar Association (SASA), Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (UWC); Sweden: grants from the Swedish state under the Agreement concerning research and education of doctors; the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; the Swedish Research Council; the Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, King Gustaf V’s and Queen Victoria Freemasons Foundation, AFA Insurance, Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, grant from the Swedish State under the Läkar Utbildnings Avtalet agreement, and grant from the Västra Götaland Region; Turkey: Metabolic Syndrome Society, AstraZeneca, Turkey, Sanofi Aventis, Turkey; United Arab Emirates (UAE): Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award For Medical Sciences and Dubai Health Authority, Dubai UAE. Disclosure of Interest C. Pray: None Declared, N. Narula Grant / Research support from: Neeraj Narula holds a McMaster University Department of Medicine Internal Career Award. Neeraj Narula has received honoraria from Janssen, Abbvie, Takeda, Pfizer, Merck, and Ferring, E. C. Wong: None Declared, J. K. Marshall Grant / Research support from: John K. Marshall has received honoraria from Janssen, AbbVie, Allergan, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb, Ferring, Janssen, Lilly, Lupin, Merck, Pfizer, Pharmascience, Roche, Shire, Takeda and Teva., S. Rangarajan: None Declared, S. Islam: None Declared, A. Bahonar: None Declared, K. F. Alhabib: None Declared, A. Kontsevaya: None Declared, F. Ariffin: None Declared, H. U. Co: None Declared, W. Al Sharief: None Declared, A. Szuba: None Declared, A. Wielgosz: None Declared, M. L. Diaz: None Declared, R. Yusuf: None Declared, L. Kruger: None Declared, B. Soman: None Declared, Y. Li: None Declared, C. Wang: None Declared, L. Yin: None Declared, M. Erkin: None Declared, F. Lanas: None Declared, K. Davletov: None Declared, A. Rosengren: None Declared, P. Lopez-Jaramillo: None Declared, R. Khatib: None Declared, A. Oguz: None Declared, R. Iqbal: None Declared, K. Yeates: None Declared, Á. Avezum: None Declared, W. Reinisch Consultant of: Speaker for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Aptalis, Astellas, Centocor, Celltrion, Danone Austria, Elan, Falk Pharma GmbH, Ferring, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, PLS Education, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, Yakult, Consultant for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Algernon, Amgen, AM Pharma, AMT, AOP Orphan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Roland Berger GmBH, Bioclinica, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Centocor, Celltrion, Covance, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Eli Lilly, Ernest & Young, Falk Pharma GmbH, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, LivaNova, Mallinckrodt, Medahead, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nash Pharmaceuticals, Nestle, Nippon Kayaku, Novartis, Ocera, Omass, Otsuka, Parexel, PDL, Periconsulting, Pharmacosmos, Philip Morris Institute, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Protagonist, Provention, Robarts Clinical Trial, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Seres Therapeutics, Setpointmedical, Sigmoid, Sublimity, Takeda, Therakos, Theravance, Tigenix, UCB, Vifor, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC, Advisory board member for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Centocor, Celltrion, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Grünenthal, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nestle, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Setpointmedical, Takeda, Therakos, Tigenix, UCB, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC, P. Moayyedi: None Declared, S. Yusuf: None Declared

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Mohammad Zen Nasrudin Fajri, Azidni Rofiqo, Abdul Latif Rizqon und Raditya Hasan `. „The Impact of MSMEs Financing in Islamic Bank on Unemployment in Indonesia“. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 10, Nr. 5 (30.09.2023): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol10iss20235pp443-454.

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ABSTRACT One of the contributions of the Islamic banking sector to Indonesia’s economy is channeling funds to MSMEs in the form of financing since a number of them could not access financial services. Interestingly, the MSMEs grew as the Islamic Banking sector rose. However, no single study analyzes such an impact on unemployment in both rural and urban areas. This paper aimed to reveal the effect of MSMEs financing in Islamic banks on unemployment in Indonesia. It further aimed to discover such an effect on unemployment in Indonesia's urban and rural areas separately. Dynamic panel GMM two-step analysis is used in this research to estimate cross-province data in Indonesia between 2010 and 2019. The results of the study reveal that MSMEs financing in Islamic Banks contributed significantly to the reduction of unemployment in Indonesia as a whole. It is also found that the unemployment in urban areas is reduced by MSMEs financing in Islamic Banks. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between MSMEs financing in Islamic Banks and unemployment in rural areas. These findings can be the basis for Islamic banks to increase MSMEs financing and for the government to expand Islamic banks' role in every part of Indonesia to reduce unemployment, especially in rural areas. Keywords: MSMEs Financing, Islamic Bank, Unemployment, Urban, Rural. ABSTRAK Salah satu kontribusi sektor perbankan syariah dalam perekonomian Indonesia adalah penyaluran dana kepada UMKM dalam bentuk pembiayaan, karena beberapa dari mereka tidak dapat mengakses layanan keuangan. Menariknya, UMKM tumbuh seiring dengan bangkitnya sektor Perbankan Syariah. Namun, tidak ada satu studi pun yang menganalisis dampak tersebut terhadap pengangguran di pedesaan dan perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pengaruh pembiayaan UMKM di bank syariah terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh pengaruh tersebut terhadap pengangguran di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan secara terpisah di Indonesia. Analisis dua langkah GMM panel dinamis digunakan untuk mengestimasi data lintas provinsi di Indonesia antara tahun 2010 dan 2019. Hasilnya mengungkapkan bahwa pembiayaan UMKM di Bank Syariah berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengurangan pengangguran di Indonesia secara keseluruhan. Ditemukan juga bahwa pengangguran di perkotaan berkurang dengan pembiayaan UMKM di Bank Syariah. Di sisi lain, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pembiayaan UMKM di bank syariah dengan pengangguran di pedesaan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi bank-bank syariah dalam meningkatkan porsi pembiayaan UMKM dan dasar bagi pemerintah untuk memperluas peran perbankan syariah di seluruh bagian Indonesia untuk mengurangi pengangguran, khususnya di area pedesaan. Kata Kunci: Pembiayaan UMKM, Bank Syariah, Pengangguran, Perkotaan, Pedesaan. 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(eds) Islamic Economics and Finance (pp. 135-132). London: IE Business Publishing. doi:10.1057/9780230361133_5 Dusuki, A. W. (2008). Banking for the poor: The role of Islamic banking in microfinance initiatives. Humanomics, 24(1), 49–66. doi:10.1108/08288660810851469 Edmiston, K. D. (2007). The role of small and large businesses in economic development. SSRN Electronic Journal, 73-97. doi:10.2139/ssrn.993821 Elasrag, H. (2016). Islamic Finance for SMES. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2842160 Faggio, G., & Silva, O. (2014). Self-employment and entrepreneurship in urban and rural labour markets. Journal of Urban Economics, 84, 67–85. doi:10.1016/j.jue.2014.09.001 Fajri, M. Z. N., Muhammad, A. A., Umam, K., Putri, L. P., & Ramadhan, M. A. (2022). The effect covid-19 and sectoral financing on Islamic bank profitability in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 5(1), 38–60. doi:10.23917/jisel.v5i1.17181 Feldmann, H. (2012). 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How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. Stata Journal, 9(1), 86–136. doi:10.1177/1536867x0900900106 Saifurrahman, A., & Kassim, S. (2021). Islamic financial literacy for Indonesian MSMEs during COVID-19 Pandemic: Issues and importance. Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(1), 45–60. Shabbir, G., Anwar, S., Hussain, Z., & Imran, M. (2011). Contribution of financial sector development in reducing unemployment in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(1), 260-268. doi:10.5539/ijef.v4n1p260 Sherif, S. (2013). Macroeconomic policy, localization and reducing unemployment: The crucial human resource issues for the UAE. Competitiveness Review, 23(2), 158–174. doi: /10.1108/10595421311305352 Siddiqui, D. A., & Ahmed, Q. M. (2013). The effect of institutions on economic growth: A global analysis based on GMM dynamic panel estimation. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 24, 18–33. doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2012.12.001 Singh, R. (2018). 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Aleksić, Ljiljana, und Vesna Kosorić. „Building Revitalization and Integration of Solar Systems in Sustainable Rural Tourism“. Prostor 24, Nr. 1(51) (30.06.2016): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.24.1(51).8.

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Ovaj se rad bavi problematikom održivoga razvoja u ruralnome turizmu s osobitim osvrtom na obnovu zgrada i ugradnju solarnih sustava. U njemu se definiraju relevantni principi i kriteriji, razmatraju estetski, energetski, ekonomski, društveni i ekološki aspekti te analiziraju mogućnosti i rezultati. Rad prezentira i neke europske primjere održive obnove zgrada u održivom razvoju ruralnog turizma.

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Kaler, Amy, und John R. Parkins. „Food, Donors, and Dependency Syndrome(s) in South Sudan“. Sociology of Development 1, Nr. 3 (2015): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2015.1.3.400.

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This article investigates the deployment of dependency as a keyword in discussions of food security in South Sudan, on the basis of interviews and observations carried out in December 2012. Our initial intent was to estimate challenges to rural food security as the country emerged from decades of violent conflict. However, the notion of a “culture of dependency” arose persistently from our data, alongside more conventional information about food. We contextualize this discursive deployment of dependency within ongoing scholarly debates about the existence of “dependency syndromes” in humanitarian relief operations in central Africa and within academic discussions of the power of buzzwords and keywords in development discourse, with particular reference to Swidler and Watkins's 2009 article “‘Teach a Man to Fish’: The Doctrine of Sustainability and Its Effects on Three Strata of Malawian Society.” We argue that dependency in the South Sudanese context incorporates four facets: the near-total economic dependency of South Sudan on oil revenues; the social-structural dependency of rural communities on international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) for basic foodstuffs; a so-called “culture of dependency” that our informants claimed had taken root in rural areas, so that local people had lost old habits of autonomy and self-reliance; and the reliance of INGOs on the populations they serve. We do not empirically validate these “dependencies” but treat them as discursive constructs with potentially major implications for rural development.

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Kalininskaya, A. A., E. A. Bakirova, M. V. Kizeev, A. V. Lazarev, S. I. Shlyafer und L. A. Balzamova. „Scientific substantiation of proposals for improving medical care for villagers“. Manager Zdravookhranenia, Nr. 3 (08.06.2023): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2023-3-13-24.

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P u r p o s e o f t h e s t u d y : based on the analysis of the medical and demographic situation and the staffing of the rural population, develop proposals for improving medical care for the villagers. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s : statistical, analytical, direct observation. The article used the forms of state statistical observation of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The results of the actual research. Materials and methods: statistical, analytical, direct observation, the forms of state statistical observation of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were used. R e s u l t s . The rural population in the Russian Federation (2021) is 36,9 million people (25,2% of the country’s population). The proportion of the rural population of working age was 53,8%, which is lower than in Russia as a whole – 56%. A 21-year analysis showed that the birth rate of the rural population increased until 2012, while mortality rates decreased, in 2013 the mortality and birth rates became equal and amounted to 14,5‰ each, in 2020 the death rate increased to 15,4‰ due to the COVID‑19 pandemic. The average (expected) life expectancy of the rural population (70,7 years) is lower than that of the urban population (71,8 years); the indicator for rural men is extremely low (66 years). The overall incidence of the rural population is 1,4 times lower than that of the urban population, 117993,2 and 166901,5‰oo respectively. Primary morbidity is also 1,5 times lower (55082,4 and 83002,2‰oo, respectively). The difference in primary morbidity rates of the rural population in the federal districts (2020) was 1,3 times, in the constituent entities – 8,3 times. The incidence of COVID‑19 in the rural adult population (2020) was 1986,0‰oo, which is 2 times lower than in the Russian Federation as a whole (3913.9‰oo). There was a significant difference in these indicators (by 59 times) in the subjects of the Russian Federation, which can be associated with a lower density of the rural population, low availability of medical care in the countryside, as well as the ambiguity of COVID‑19 coding. For 6 years (2016–2021), the provision of doctors in medical organizations in rural areas in the Russian Federation decreased from 14,8 to 13,6‰o, and of nurses – from 54,6 to 49,3‰o. The number of nursing staff individuals working for feldsher-obstetric station decreased by 12,5%, paramedics – by 9,4%. Given the special importance of paramedical assistance in the countryside, the reduction in the number of paramedics should be considered a negative. C o n c l u s i o n . The unfavorable medical and demographic situation in the countryside requires the development of organizational and managerial decisions aimed at increasing the availability of medical care to the villagers. C o n c l u s i o n s . Proposals have been developed to improve the provision of medical care to the population of rural areas.

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Neugebauer, Michael Th, und Richard J. Payne. „The Nonsuperpowers and South Africa. Implications for U. S. Policy“. African Studies Review 35, Nr. 2 (September 1992): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524892.

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McClain, Margy. „Mexican Immigrant Students in Southern Wisconsin: Creating Dialogue Between Parents and Schools“. Practicing Anthropology 24, Nr. 3 (01.07.2002): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.24.3.l072260h7662861v.

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Current immigration to the U. S. consists mostly of individuals from Latin America, Asia, and Africa, and brings new kinds of cultural and linguistic diversity to the U. S. The demographic transformation of the United States is already visible in such states as California, which has become a "majority minority" state. This "new immigration" is changing the face of the U. S. in new ways as well, not only in established urban "first ports of entry," but also in smaller towns and semi-rural areas throughout the country.

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Fauziana, Hasna, und Ririn Tri Ratnasari. „The Effect of Health, Education, and Labor Force with Urban Population as Moderating Variables on Human Development Index in Oic Member Countries“. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 10, Nr. 1 (31.01.2023): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol10iss20231pp82-95.

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ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine the effect of health, education, and labor force moderated by urban population on the Human Development Index. This study uses a quantitative approach and a Moderated Regression Analysis technique with a sample of 25 OIC countries from 2010-2019 taken by purposive sampling method. The results showed that health, education, and the labor force affected the Human Development Index. While the urban population moderates the effect of health and the workforce on the Human Development Index, the urban population does not moderate the effect of education on the Human Development Index. This study has a novelty in the results of the study, namely the basic education variable which has a significant but negative effect on the Human Development Index. This research is limited to a sample of OIC member countries because more than 30% of poor countries with low income according to World Bank data are in OIC member countries, so it is hoped that this research will be able to provide references related to increasing the human development index to save them from poverty. Keywords: Education, Health, Human Development Index, Labor Force, Urban Population ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kesehatan, pendidikan, dan angkatan kerja yang dimoderasi oleh kepadatan populasi terhadap Human Development Index. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan teknik Moderated Regression Analysis dengan sampel 25 negara OKI dari tahun 2010-2019 yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesehatan dan angkatan kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Human Development Index, namun pendidikan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Human Development Index. Urban population memoderasi pengaruh antara kesehatan dan angkatan kerja terhadap Human Development Index, namun urban population tidak memoderasi pengaruh pendidikan terhadap Human Development Index. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaruan dalam hasil penelitian, yaitu variabel pendidikan dasar yang justru berpengaruh namun negatif signifikan terhadap Human Development Index. Penelitian ini terbatas dilakukan pada sampel negara anggota OKI sebab lebih dari 30% negara miskin dengan pendapatan rendah menurut Data Bank Dunia adalah ada pada negara anggota OKI, sehingga diharapkan penelitian ini mampu memberikan referensi terkait peningkatan indeks pembangunan manusia untuk menyelamatkannya dari kemiskinan. Kata Kunci: Angkatan Kerja, Human Development Index, Kesehatan, Pendidikan, Urban Population. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adom, K., & Asare-Yeboa, I. T. (2016). An evaluation of human capital theory and female entrepreneurship in sub-Sahara Africa: Some evidence from Ghana. 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Šiljković, Željka. „Južna Europa u ostvarenju koncepta organske poljoprivrede“. Geoadria 6, Nr. 1 (11.01.2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.166.

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More and more intensive degradation and soil contamination by conventional agriculturein the 1970s, encouraged the development of organic, eco-agriculture as one of the methods ofhealthy food production.Organic agriculture widens its influence from the form of foodproduction to one of the ways of socio-economic structure transformation of rural areas. Morethen 3 million hectares of cultivable soil in Europe is under organic production. South-European countries, esp. Italy and Spain, have the greatest portion of areas under organiccultivation.

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Aistrup, Joseph A. „Republican Contestation of U. S. State Senate Elections in the South“. Legislative Studies Quarterly 15, Nr. 2 (Mai 1990): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/440127.

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Davies, John. „U. S. Foreign Policy and the Education of Black South Africans“. Comparative Education Review 29, Nr. 2 (Mai 1985): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/446505.

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Pak, Stella C., Yaseen Alastal, Zubair Khan und Umar Darr. „Viral Hepatitis in South Korea“. Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology 7, Nr. 2 (2017): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1240.

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ABSTRACT In South Korea (S. Korea), viral hepatitis is a major public health burden. Advances in healthcare policy, evidence-based medicine, and therapeutic strategies in S. Korea have brought a rapid change in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of viral hepatitis. This review discusses the innovative approaches that S. Korea has taken to curb the epidemic of viral hepatitis. In addition, the efficacy of various preventive and therapeutic modalities is discussed. This review aims to provide a brief overview to guide future research direction and healthcare policy changes. How to cite this article Pak SC, Alastal Y, Khan Z, Darr U. Viral Hepatitis in South Korea. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):163-165.

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Małek, K., A. Pollo, T. T. Takeuchi, V. Buat, D. Burgarella und M. Malkan. „Dust in FIR-bright ADF-S galaxies“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S309 (Juli 2014): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010205.

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AbstractMultiwavelength Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of far-infrared (FIR) galaxies detected in the AKARI South Ecliptic Poles Survey (ADF-S) allow to trace differences between [Ultra]-Luminous Infrared Galaxies ([U]LIRGS) and other types of star-forming galaxies (SF).

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Taiwo, Samuel Oluwatobi, Uleanya Chinaza und Makhosazana Magigaba. „Learning Impact(s) of Smartphones on South African Rural University Students“. Journal of Research in Higher Education 7, Nr. 2 (21.12.2023): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jrhe.2023.2.5.

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Smartphones in some cases are considered a source of distraction for students during teaching and learning exercises. However, with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of smartphones in educational institutions for teaching and learning purposes has become almost inevitable. Therefore, this study investigates the learning impact(s) of the use of smartphones on South African Rural Higher Education Students (SARHES). The quantitative method was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling was used in selecting the institution of learning, the department, the level, and the 75 respondents who participated in the study. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings of the study showed that students are significantly affected by the use of smartphones due to their cutting-edge features and functions, internet access, business advertisements, and mobile entertainment, as well as others. The study therefore highlights the need for conscious, consistent periodic seminars, workshops, talks, and colloquiums designed to help students see the importance of focus, planning and time management in the use of smartphones for learning in order to avoid distractions.

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Fitchen, Janet. „Welfare Reform for Rural America“. Practicing Anthropology 16, Nr. 4 (01.09.1994): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.16.4.h4h67vu671717u55.

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For twenty-five years, my research on poverty in the rural U. S. has been guided by a conviction that anthropological insights should/could be useful for the amelioration of poverty and in creating more effective policies and programs. I began with very localized, long-term ethnographic research, combined with community action, in pockets of poverty in upstate New York. More recently, I have substituted geographic breadth for ethnographic depth, conducting research in numerous other communities of upstate New York and in a few dozen sites dispersed through nine other states where rural poverty is embedded in different regional, economic, and sociocultural contexts.

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Nur Atika, Aisyah, Khutobah, Misno, Haidor, Lutfi Ariefianto und Syarifudin. „Early Childhood Learning Quality in Pandalungan Community“. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 13, Nr. 2 (05.12.2019): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.132.07.

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The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. Tapscott, D. (2011). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World. Bucharest: Publica. Wijana, W. D. (2014). Konsep-Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In UT. https://doi.org/10.1101/112268 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Raikes, A., Kim, S., & Kabay, S. B. (2018). Toward High-Quality Early Childhood Development Programs and Policies at National Scale: Directions for Research in Global Contexts. Social Policy Report,31(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00091.x

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Šota, Stanislav. „Pastoral Care of Rural Parishes in the New Circumstances of the Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek“. Bogoslovska smotra 94, Nr. 1 (2024): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.53745/bs.94.1.2.

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Prema popisu stanovništva 2011. i 2021. godine Đakovačko-osječka nadbiskupija izgubila je 78 885 vjernika katolika, odnosno 16,88%. Demografski slom posebno se očituje u seoskim župama. Demografski slom, ruralni egzodus, odnosno masovni odlazak seoskog stanovništva u gradove i bogatije zemlje Europske unije, u velikoj mjeri mijenjaju i utječu na vrijednosno-identitetsko-vjerničku strukturu seoskih župa. Nakon početne demografske raščlambe u radu se identificiraju novonastala obilježja župa na selu te se ukazuje na nove okolnosti u pastoralnom radu. Treći dio rada razrađuje četiri okosnice oko kojih i na kojima je potrebno graditi suvremeni pastoral u seoskim župama. To su: nedostatan broj svećenika, sinodalnost, supsidijarnost i suodgovornost te njegovanje kulture susreta u pastoralnom djelovanju, posebice osmišljavanju novih pastoralnih jedinica strukturiranih od više seoskih župa koje postaju aktivna središta sociokulturnoga, neotradicijskoga »novoseoskoga« vjerskog života, utemeljena na kapilarnom i kategorijalnom pastoralnom pristupu s ciljem stvaranja vjerske kohezije i nove vjerske identifikacije.

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Peart, Robert M., R. Bruce Curry, Cynthia Rosenzweig, J. W. Jones, K. J. Boote und L. H. Allen. „Energy and Irrigation in South Eastern U. S. Agriculture Under Climate Change“. Journal of Biogeography 22, Nr. 4/5 (Juli 1995): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845964.

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Bowles, Wendy. „Reflections on rural identity from West Wyalong, New South Wales“. Rural Society 20, s (Oktober 2010): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.20.s.13.

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Rani, Geeta, Puninder Kaur und Taruna Sharma. „Digital Education Challenges and Opportunities“. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 35, Nr. 4 (01.04.2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2022/v35i4/22111.

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Abstract : Online education is existing since 2014 but it becomes the only mode of instruction in 2020 due to the Covid pandemic. The whole world faces a lot of challenges, especially in developing countries. It is because in developing countries technology is confined to metropolitan cities only. A major portion of these countries are still rural and cannot provide the necessary infrastructure for digital education. Even aft er these chal lenges, it brings manifold opportunities too. This paper will study the opportunities and challenges faced while providing education in Online Mode from the perspective of s t u d e n t s , t e a c h e r s , a n d e d u c a t i o n Institutes/Universities. Keywords : Digital Education, Online education, Co v i d - 1 9 , Ch a l l e n g e s , Op p o r t u n i t i e s , Recommendations

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Dodig Hundrić, Dora. „Procjena problematičnog kockanja mladih – usporedba i podudarnost South Oaks skale kockanja za adolescente (SOGS-RA) i Kanadskog upitnika kockanja adolescenata (CAGI-GPSS subskala)“. Klinička psihologija 13, Nr. 1-2 (30.10.2020): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2020-kp-1-2-0005.

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Problemi povezani s kockanjem mladih predmet su interesa brojnih studija, no područje procjene problema još je nedovoljno istraženo. Stoga je cilj ovog rada usporediti i provjeriti podudarnost, u istraživanjima najčešće korištenog instrumenta, South Oaks skale kockanja mladih (SOGS-RA) s Kanadskim upitnikom kockanja adolescenata, tj. njegovom mjerom opće razine problema (CAGI-GPSS), prvim instrumentom ciljano konstruiranim za primjenu u populaciji adolescenata. U istraživanju je sudjelovao prigodni uzorak od N = 572 muških srednjoškolaca iz Zagreba i Splita (Mdob = 16,17 godina; SD = 1,22) svih triju vrsta obrazovnih programa, od prvog do završnog razreda srednje škole. Uz spomenute instrumente procjene, korišten je i Upitnik o osnovnim osobnim i sociodemografskim obilježjima. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da značajan udio mladića zadovoljava kriterije za skupinu onih s ozbiljnim problemima povezanim s kockanjem i na SOGS-RA instrumentu (13,8%) i na CAGI-GPSS subskali (16.4%). Klasifikacijska podudarnost instrumenata je umjerena (Kappa = ,574), tj. udio mladića koji su na oba instrumenta svrstani u istu skupinu problema iznosi oko 57%. Rezultati su analizirani u odnosu na relevantne empirijske pokazatelje, te su raspravljene njihove praktične implikacije i potencijalni doprinos razvoju pouzdanog instrumenta procjene ovog kompleksnog problema u ponašanju mladih. Ključne riječi: problematično kockanje mladih, procjena, SOGS-RA, CAGI-GPSS, klasifikacija, podudarnost

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Duque, Tayna Sousa, Iasmim Marcella Souza, Débora Sampaio Mendes, Ricardo Siqueira da Silva, Danielle Piuzana Mucida, Francisca Daniele da Silva, Daniel Valadão Silva und José Barbosa dos Santos. „Ecological Niche Modeling of Invasive Macrophyte (Urochloa subquadripara) and Co-Occurrence with South American Natives“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 17 (22.08.2023): 12722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712722.

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Invasive macrophytes are considered problematic in natural environments and hydroelectric reservoirs. Climate changes, the occurrences of watercourses, and biotic interactions influence biological invasions of macrophytes. The abundance of native species can be positively or negatively correlated with the occurrences of invasives. Urochloa subquadripara is an invasive in natural or disturbed habitats co-occurring with the natives Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia minima in South America. Aquatic plant communities can be altered by climate change, so species distribution models (SDMs) are important tools for predicting invaded areas. This study aimed to apply an SDM to study correlations of U. subquadripara with the potential distributions of native species E. crassipes and S. minima. Occurrence data for U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima were collected from databases and in consultation with the published literature. Parameters encompassing biological information of the species were entered into the CLIMEX software and used to generate the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). The species co-occurrence was performed based on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM), and weights were assigned using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). It was observed that U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima had a higher occurrence in tropical and subtropical regions. However, it is predicted that these species may move to high latitudes from climatic changes. Considering climate changes, such as the increase in temperature and CO2, the risk of invasion by U. subquadripara in the northern hemisphere is mainly in lakes, whereas the areas conducive to invasions are rivers and reservoirs in the southern hemisphere. In general, emerging and floating macrophyte species such as U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima will be favored, causing suppression of submerged species. Therefore, identifying the potential distribution of these species allows the creation of pre-invasion intervention strategies.

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Taqiyyah, Adzra, und Ilmiawan Auwalin. „FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBAYARAN ZAKAT PROFESI PADA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI KOTA BANJARMASIN“. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 8, Nr. 6 (05.12.2021): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol8iss20216pp714-726.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh dari variabel pangkat dan golongan, jenis kelamin, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, lama pendidikan, frekuensi pengajian, serta pendapatan lain selain gaji sebagai determinan terhadap pembayaran zakat profesi di kalangan Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) di Kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi logistik untuk menganalisis data. Penelitian ini melibatkan data primer atas 126 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik convenience sampling dengan kriteria PNS Golongan III dan IV di mana golongan tersebut memiliki gaji yang telah memenuhi nisab zakat profesi. Diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel pangkat dan golongan, jenis kelamin, dan pendapatan lain selain gaji masing-masing berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pembayaran zakat profesi sedangkan variabel jumlah tanggungan keluarga, lama pendidikan, dan frekuensi pengajian masing-masing ditemukan memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pembayaran zakat profesi.Kata Kunci: pembayaran zakat profesi, pangkat dan golongan, jenis kelamin, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, lama pendidikan, frekuensi pengajian, pendapatan lain selain gaji ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how the influence from titles and ranks, gender, number of family dependents, education history, frequency of communal Qur’an reading, and other forms of income apart from the actual salary itself as a determinant of professional zakat payments paid by State Civil Servants (PNS) in Banjarmasin City. This study uses a quantitative approach with logistic regression analysis techniques to analyze data. This study involved primary data on 126 respondents who were taken using a convenience sampling technique with the criteria of PNS Group III and IV where the group had a salary that met the professional zakat nisab. The results show that the variables of titles and ranks, gender, and other forms of income have a significant negative effect on the payment of zakat on profession, while the variables of the number of family dependents, education history, and the frequency of communal Qur’an reading are found to have a significant positive effect on zakat on profession payments.Keywords: zakat on profession, titles and ranks, gender, numbers of family dependents, education history, the frequency of communal Qur’an reading, other forms of income apart from the actual salary itself. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAbdullah, M., & Sapiei, N. S. (2018). Do religiosity, gender and educational background influence zakat compliance? The case of Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(8), 1250–1264. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-03-2017-0091Ahmad, S., Nor, N. G. M., & Daud, Z. (2011). Tax-based modeling of zakat compliance. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 45, 101-108.Al Qardhawi, Y. (2011). Fiqh Al Zakah. Beirut: Muassasah al-RisalahAndam, A. C., & Osman, A. Z. (2019). Determinants of intention to give zakat on employment income: Experience from Marawi City, Philippines. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(4), 528–545. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2016-0097Anshori, M., & Iswati, S. (2009). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press (AUP).Arsyianti, L. D., Kassim, S., & Adewale, A. (2017). Socio-demographic and economic factors affecting regular charity-giving: A case of low-income households in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat, 2(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i1.12Azen, R., & Walker, C.M. (2010). Categorical data analysis for the behavioral and social sciences. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843611Azman, F. M. N., & Bidin, Z. (2015). Zakat compliance intention behavior on saving. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 5(1), 118–128.Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. (2020). Jumlah PNS berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Diakses dari https://data.kalselprov.go.id/?r=JmlPns/index BAZNAS. (2021). Laporan kinerja badan amil zakat nasional tahun 2020. Jakarta: BAZNAS.BAZNAS Kota Banjarmasin. (2020). Infografik penerimaan BAZNAS Kota Banjarmasin 2019. Diakses dari https://baznas.banjarmasinkota.go.id/detailpost/infografik-penerimaan-baznas-kota-banjarmasin-2019Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. (2020). Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak. Diakes dari https://www.pajak.go.id/id/penghasilan-tidak-kena-pajakDinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. (2020). Produktivitas Perkebunan Karet Menurun. Diakses dari https://diskominfomc.kalselprov.go.id/2020/06/09/produktivitas-perkebunan-karet-menurunDSN MUI. (2003). Fatwa MUI nomor 3 tahun 2003 tentang zakat penghasilan. Jakarta: DSN MUI.Eagly, A.H. (2013). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. New York: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203781906Hilbe, J.M. (2015). Practical guide to logistic regression. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18678Top of FormHosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied logistic regression. Hoboken (N.J.): Wiley.Kastlunger, B., Dressler, S. G., Kirchler, E., Mittone, L., & Voracek, M. (2010). Sex differences in tax compliance: Differentiating between demographic sex, gender-role orientation, and prenatal masculinization (2D:4D). Journal of Economic Psychology, 31 (4), 542-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.015Bottom of FormLaLumia, S. (2008). The effects of joint taxation of married couples on labor supply and non-wage income. Journal of Public Economics, 92(7), 1698–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.01.009Lind, D. A., Marchal, W. G., & Wathen, S. A. (2011). Statistical techniques in business & economics. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Medias, F. (2018). Ekonomi mikro Islam. Magelang: UNIMMA Press.Pemerintah RI. (2017). Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 11 tahun 2017 tentang manajemen pegawai negeri sipil.Pusat Kajian Strategis Badan Amil Zakat Nasional. (2019). Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: Puskas BAZNAS.Putri, K. M., Fahmi, M. Y., & Handayani, L. (2019). Factors affecting community trust to pay zakay at the national board of zakat (BAZNAS) of South Kalimantan Province. International Conference of Zakat 2019 Proceedings.Pribadi, Y., Saat, N., & Burhani, A. N. (2020). The new santri: Challenges to traditional religious authority in Indonesia. Singapore: ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute.Rahmani, & Yanti. (2018). Penyelenggara syariah ajak PNS tunaikan zakat profesi. Diakses dari https://kalsel.kemenag.go.id/berita/515581/Penyelenggara-Syariah-Ajak-PNS-Tunaikan-Zakat-ProfesiSobana, D. H., Husaeni, U. A., Jamil, I., & Saepudin, D. (2016). The variables that affect compliance of muslim merchants for zakat maal in the district of Cianjur. International Journal of Zakat, 1(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v1i1.8Sohag, K., Mahmud, K. T., Alam, MD. F. & Samargandi, N. (2015). Can zakat system alleviate rural poverty in Bangladesh? A propensity score matching approach. Journal of Poverty, 19(3), 261-277. DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2014.999974Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara.Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.Wahid, H., Ahmad, S., & Noor, M. A. M. (2007). Kesedaran membayar zakat pendapatan di Malaysia. Islamiyyat, 29, 53–70.Yang, N., Chen, C. C., Choi, J., & Zou, Y. (2000). Sources of work-family conflict: A sino-U.S. Comparison of the effects of work and family demands. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556390

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Radhakrishnan, Manoj. „Visiting a Suburban/Rural Homeopathy Clinic in South India: Portraits of Patients“. Homœopathic Links 29, Nr. 01 (06.03.2016): 055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1579644.

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Srinivasan, Manikandan, Mahendra M. Reddy, Sonali Sarkar und Vikas Menon. „Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Rural South Indian Women—Prevalence and Correlates: A Community-Based Study“. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 11, Nr. 01 (Januar 2020): 078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700595.

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Abstract Background The burden of common mental disorders (CMDs) which includes depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders are on the rise in India. Women in rural areas form one of the high-risk groups with respect to CMDs due to their compromised status of living. Objective The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and the predictors to depression among women in rural Puducherry. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was performed in 2016, among women aged 18 to 59 years, residing in the rural area of Puducherry. Prevalence of CMDs was determined using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21. Using a systematic random sampling method, women were interviewed in their houses. The socio-demographic characteristics along with risk factors for depression were captured using a semi-structured proforma. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of depression. Results A total of 301 women were surveyed and their mean age (SD) was 34.9 (10.2) years. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 15% (95% CI: 11.3–19.3), 10.6% (95% CI: 7.5–14.5), and 5% (95% CI: 3–8), respectively. Multivariable analysis identified that lesser education and living separately/divorced to be significant predictors for depression in these women. Conclusion About one in six adult women living in a rural area was found to be depressed, which is considerably high. This emphasizes the need for screening among women for common mental disorders in primary care settings, especially in rural areas so that early diagnoses happen and thus reduce the impact due to mental disability.

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Zondo, Nonkululeko Melody. „Rethinking Artisanal Mining: The Lived Experiences of Rural Artisanal Mining Communities in South Africa“. Journal of Social and Development Sciences 14, Nr. 2(S) (09.07.2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v14i2(s).3710.

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In South Africa, colonialism and apartheid have left a legacy of a gendered, racially and geographically skewed extractive industry, in which many rural communities endowed with mineral resources face severe economic hardships, marginalization, and socio-cultural disorganization resulting from, among other things, land and mineral resource dispossession. Drawing on a broader doctoral study, this paper seeks to demonstrate the heterogeneity of artisanal mining practices as a response to many calls made by various scholars that there remains a need for greater attention to the complex social, economic and environmental factors underpinning the sector, especially in the South African context. It sheds light on the contextual nature of artisanal mining practices and the lived experiences of artisanal miners in rural South Africa. The study is qualitative in nature and is based on field research that includes in-depth interviews, site observations, and oral histories. Findings indicate that the marginalization of artisanal mining practices in South Africa stems from the history of mineral resources, land dispossession and displacement of indigenous mining practices. As a result, the study highlights the need to delve deeper into the contextualized land and mineral resource struggles and gendered and racialized dynamics that contribute to the marginalization of artisanal mining practices.

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Kalininskaya, A. A., E. A. Bakirova, A. V. Lazarev, S. I. Shlyafer und M. V. Kizeev. „Analysis of morbidity and staffing of the population of rural areas in the Russian Federation“. Manager Zdravoochranenia, Nr. 7 (01.07.2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2022-7-42-51.

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Rural health care is the most important socio-economic resource in the system of the agrarian economy. Purpose of the study. Based on medical and demographic indicators and analysis of morbidity and staffing of the rural population, develop proposals for improving the organization of medical care for rural residents. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s : analytical, statistical, direct observation. The article used the forms of federal statistical observation of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. R e s u l t s . The mortality rate of the rural population over the 20 years of analysis for all the years has been and remains higher than that of the urban population. In 2020, there was a sharp increase in the mortality of the population: urban – from 11,9 to 14,3‰, rural – from 13,3 to 15,4‰, which is associated with the COVID‑19 pandemic. The indicators of the general and newly diagnosed morbidity of the rural population are lower than those of the urban population, which is associated with the low availability of medical care to the rural population. The ranking of indicators of the general incidence of the rural population in the federal districts of the Russian Federation (2020) showed that the difference in indicators was 1,5 times. The highest indicator was noted in the Volga Federal District – 142220,6‰00, the lowest in the Far Eastern Federal District – 96922,8‰00. In the subjects of the Russian Federation, the difference in indicators is 8 times. Lower rates of primary morbidity in the rural population than in the urban population were noted for all classes of diseases. The incidence of COVID‑19 among rural residents was 2151,9‰00, lower than in urban areas – 4539,5‰00, in the Russian Federation the figure was 3384,5‰00. In 2020, the primary morbidity rate of the rural population decreased for all classes of diseases, except for respiratory diseases. In dynamics (2014–2020), the provision of medical organizations located in rural areas increased with doctors from 12,1 to 14,0‰0, with nurses from 44,4 to 50,3‰0, the number of physical EMS persons decreased by 14,8%, paramedics – by 11,6%, the number of FAPs and AFs decreased by 8,9%. The analysis shows that the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02.02.2015 No. 151-r “Target indicators of the strategy for sustainable development of rural areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” is not being implemented. C o n c l u s i o n . Proposals for providing medical care to the population of rural areas are presented.

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Vrcić-Mataija, Sanja, und Jasminka Troha. „Zavičajnost u hrvatskoj dječjoj književnosti“. Magistra Iadertina 11, Nr. 1 (08.11.2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/magistra.1331.

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The paper interprets selected genre of diverse texts that belong to Croatian children′s literature connected by the theme of indigeneity. The concept of indigeneity, characterized by linguistic-stylistic features, prominent emotionality and desire for the awareness of indigenous identity (language, landscape, customs, history) could be read to children recipients from children′s poetry, picture books, topologically diverse stories and tales. Literary theory and culture analysis have identified the importance of native and regional identity based on knowing and promoting native values and patriotism. Motive-related, linguistic, compositional and stylistic differences have been noticed in selected writings, all based on the genre specifics. In their literary texts authors mostly use autobiographical discourse of their own childhood and life experience connected to their homeland. Besides the narrative realism resulting from the projection of one's own childhood, a significant interference of the elements of fairy-tales, as well as the need of mythical vision of the homeland have been noticed. Indigenous themes are usually realized through spatial topophilia: from emotional description of rural and urban localities, through historical digressions, to the narration about important persons whose life and work have become recognizable parts of the homeland identity and cultural heritage of a particular region. Linguistically, some of the literary texts are written in standard language, while others use dialects, regional and local speech as a means of determining the affiliation with a particular region and promoting the preservation of native dialectological values.

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Gowda, M. Chowde, G. S. V. Raghavan, B. Ranganna und Suzelle Barrington. „Rural waste management in a south indian village — A case study“. Bioresource Technology 53, Nr. 2 (Januar 1995): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(95)00078-s.

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Arreola, Daniel D., und Lawrence A. Herzog. „Where North Meets South: Cities, Space, and Politics on the U. S.-Mexico Border“. Geographical Review 82, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215418.

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Kovačević, Jelena, Hrvoje Palenkić, Ivan Miškulin, Oliver Pavlović, Marinela Kristić, Slavko Čandrlić, Branka Lončar, Milanka Mrčela, Marina Samardžija und Maja Miškulin. „Čimbenici povezani s osljedama u cestovnom prometu i njihovom težinom“. Collegium antropologicum 44, Nr. 4 (2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.44.4.1.

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Road traffic injuries cause considerable losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. Factors related to road traffic injuries and to the severity of such injuries have not been fully elucidated or evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore factors related to road traffic injuries and their severity in cohort of 200 road traffic accident (RTA) survivors from Eastern Croatia. Sustaining injury was associated with rural residence (p=0.032), lower education level (p=0.001), unemployment (p=0.001), being single (p=0.014), under average self-assessed economic status (p=0.001), alcohol abstinence (p=0.018), use of medications (p=0.031), self-assessed life-threat (p<0.001), pain after the RTA (p<0.001), hospitalization after the RTA (p<0.001), hospitalization duration (p<0.001), surgery (p=0.048), rehabilitation following the RTA (p=0.001) and PTSD symptoms (p=0.001). Injury severity was associated with lower education level (p=0.013), unemployment (p=0.004), being single (p=0.017), under average self-assessed economic status (p<0.001), alcohol abstinence (p=0.042), use of medications (p=0.014), self-assessed life-threat (p<0.001), pain after the RTA (p<0.001), being a pedestrian or a cyclist (p=0.011), hospitalization after the RTA (p<0.001), hospitalization duration (p<0.001), surgery (p<0.001), rehabilitation following the RTA (p=0.001), depression (p<0.001) and PTSD symptoms (p<0.001). In order to more adequately prevent road traffic injuries knowledge about factors associated with such injuries and their severity should be base for the creation of specific prevention programs at regional and national level.

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Shenin, Sergey Yu. „The «Marshall Plan for Asia»: Genesis and collapse (1953–1955)“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 21, Nr. 3 (24.09.2021): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-3-359-364.

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The article is devoted to studying the process of theoretical development and practical implementation of the plan for integrating the region of South and Southeast Asia into the U. S. strategy for restoring world trade, which is called the «Marshall plan for Asia» or AFAP. The Eisenhower administration’s desire to use the Cold War context to secure funding for the program from the U. S. Congress is emphasized. The reasons for the failure of the plan are analyzed, related to the contradictions between the countries of the region under consideration, as well as their fears of losing bilateral assistance from the United States.

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Lee, Dalgon. „Negotiation Strategy between the Two Koreas: With Emphasis on Politico-Military Affairs“. Korean Journal of Policy Studies 5 (31.12.1990): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps05002.

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Global detente seems to be a trend in the near future. The exorbitant German reunification, expecially, has instigated South Korea's expectation for Korean integration. However, North Korea reportedly decided to return to their backward policy and took measures to forbid softening of their socio-political system: that is, they remain one of the world's most closed society. Although there is a hint of forward change, the behavior of the North Korean elites cast a gloom over the future of the lives of all Koreans. In the southern part of the peninsula, changes are occuring in the military section. The U. S. government has set plans to withdraw some portion of the U. S. Forces stationed in Korea. Implementation of the plan will be dependent on the strategic situation of the Far East. Besides the reduction of the U. S. forces in Korea, the Korean government began to seriously consider arms control. Such a change of attitude was signaled by the speech of President Rho in the U. N. General Assembly last year.

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Li, Xiangxiang, Xiaochen Qin, Jun Yang und Weiming Xu. „Comparison of the Applicability of Two Reanalysis Products in Estimating Tall Tower Wind Based on Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network in South China“. Advances in Meteorology 2022 (11.10.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6573202.

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Climate reanalysis products have been widely used to overcome the absence of high-quality and long-term observational records for wind energy users. In this study, the applicability of two popular reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and MERRA2) in estimating wind characteristics for four tall tower observatories (TTOs) in South China was assessed. For each TTO, linear and nonlinear downscaling techniques, namely, multiple linear regression (MLR) and an artificial neural network (ANN), respectively, were adopted for the downscaling of the scalar wind speed and the corresponding U/V components. The downscaled wind speed and U/V components were subsequently compared with the TTO observations by correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r), the root mean square error (RMSE), the uncertainty analysis (U95), and the reliability analysis (RE). According to the results, ERA5 had a better applicability (higher Pearson’s r and RE, but lower RMSE and U95) in estimating TTO wind speed than MERRA2 when using both the MLR and ANN downscaling method. The average Pearson’s r, RE, RMSE, and U95 of the downscaled wind from ERA5 by the MLR (ANN) method were 0.66 (0.69), 40.8% (41.8%), 2.20 m/s (2.11 m/s), 0.181 m/s (0.179 m/s), respectively, and 0.60 (0.63), 38.0% (39.7%), 2.32 m/s (2.25 m/s), 0.189 m/s (0.187 m/s), respectively, for MERRA2. The wind components analysis showed that the better performance of ERA5 was attributed to its smaller error in estimating V component than MERRA2. For the wind direction, the two reanalysis datasets did not display distinct differences. Additionally, the misalignment of the wind direction between the reanalysis products and the TTOs was higher for the secondary predominant wind direction (SPWD) than for the predominant wind direction (PWD). Furthermore, we found that the reanalysis U wind had a higher RMSE but a lower RE and Pearson’s r than the V wind, which indicates that the misalignment in the wind direction was mainly associated with the deviation in the U component.

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Ndhlovu, Gillian O. N., Felix S. Dube, Rasalika T. Moonsamy, Avumile Mankahla, Carol Hlela, Michael E. Levin, Nonhlanhla Lunjani, Adebayo O. Shittu und Shima M. Abdulgader. „Skin and nasal colonization of coagulase-negative staphylococci are associated with atopic dermatitis among South African toddlers“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 3 (17.03.2022): e0265326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265326.

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Background Skin colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is generally beneficial, but recent investigations suggest its association with flares and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity. However, this relationship remains unclear. Objective To assess patterns of staphylococcal colonization and biofilm formation in toddlers with and without AD from rural and urban South African settings. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of AD-affected and non-atopic AmaXhosa toddlers from rural Umtata and urban Cape Town, South Africa. CoNS isolates were recovered from lesional, nonlesional skin samples and the anterior nares of participants. Identification of the staphylococci was achieved by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The microtiter plate assay assessed in-vitro biofilm formation. Results CoNS and S. aureus commonly co-colonized nonlesional skin among cases (urban: 24% vs. 3%, p = 0.037 and rural 21% vs. 6%, p<0.001), and anterior nares in urban cases (24% vs. 0%, p = 0.002) than the control group. S. capitis colonization on nonlesional skin and anterior nares was positively associated with more severe disease in rural (48.3±10.8 vs. 39.7±11.5, P = 0.045) and urban cases (74.9±10.3 vs. 38.4±13, P = 0.004), respectively. Biofilm formation was similar between cases and controls, independent of rural-urban living. Conclusion CoNS colonization is associated with AD and disease severity and may be implicated in AD exacerbations. Studies are needed to understand their underlying pathological contribution in AD pathogenesis.

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Martínez Maldonado, Raúl, Luiz Jorge Pedrão, María Magdalena Alonso Castillo, Karla Selene López García und Nora Nely Oliva Rodríguez. „Self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy, consumption of tobacco and alcohol in secondary students from urban and rural areas of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México“. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, spe (August 2008): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000700018.

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This study aimed to know the differences, if any, in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents from urban and rural areas, and if self-esteem and self-efficacy are related to the consumption in these two groups of adolescents from secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Nuevo León México, from January to June in 2006. The study was based on the theoretical concepts of self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The design was descriptive and correlational with a sample of 359 students. A substantial difference was found in the consumption of tobacco among secondary students from urban and rural areas (U= 7513.50, p = .03). The average consumption in urban area was higher (average chi = .35) than in the rural area (average chi = .14). A negative and significant relation was found between the quantity of drinks consumed on a typical day and self-esteem (r s = - .23, p <.001), as well as for the quantity of cigarettes consumed on a typical day (r s = - .20, p <.001).

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Brenner, Devon, und Julia Cunningham. „Policy Brief: An Interview with U. S. Department of Education Director of Rural Engagement Julia Cunningham“. Rural Educator 44, Nr. 3 (01.07.2023): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55533/2643-9662.1421.

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Gardiner, Michael J., J. Cynan Ellis-Evans, Malcolm G. Anderson und Martyn Tranter. „Snowmelt modelling on signy island, South Orkney Islands“. Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog26-1-161-166.

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The ability of the Utah energy-balance and snowmelt model (UEB) to simulate decline in snow water equivalent (SWE) at an extreme location was assessed. Field data were collected at Paternoster Valley, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands (60°43′S) during the austral summer of 1996–97. This is the first application of UEB in a maritime Antarctic site. UEB is a physically based snow melt model using a lumped snow-pack representation with primary state variables SWE and snow pack-energy content (U). Meteorological inputs are air temperature, wind speed, humidity, precipitation and total incoming solar and longwave radiation. The Paternoster Valley catchment was subdivided into eight non-contiguous terrain classes for sampling and modelling using a geographical information system (GIS). Simulations of SWE in each of these classes were compared พ with field observations. It is shown that initial U and snow-surface thermal conductance (Ks) affect model simulations. Good approximations of SWE depletion are obtained using measured incoming solar radiation to drive the model but there are shortcomings in the characterization of long wave radiation and sensible-heat fluxes.

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Ngcobo, Thandi. „Perspectives of Rural Women on Access to Land in Zululand District“. African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, Nr. 3 (01.09.2021): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a7.

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Most literature on land reform in South Africa negates the rural community development. Hence, this paper analyses the perceptions of rural women on land reform efforts in the Zululand District of KwaZulu-Natal. The paper aims to generate a body of knowledge on how rural women understand what is being done towards their access to land. The paper argues that patriarchy, authority figure and gatekeeping, conscious and unconscious linguistic sexism, delays and gender segregation, women`s lack of basic law and land-related law, and non-participation in local land processes impede women`s access to land in Zululand District, KwaZulu-Natal. The paper makes recommendations on the implications of individual women and women’s groups as well as policy structures at the local, provincial, and national levels. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach in analysing how rural women feel about the provisions of land access. Focus group discussions with thirty rural women in KwaZulu-Natal`s Zululand District were conducted. A thematic analysis was done to analyse their perceptions of provisions of land access.

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Raffo, M. Paula, M. Cecilia Eyras und Oscar O. Iribarne. „The invasion of Undaria pinnatifida to a Macrocystis pyrifera kelp in Patagonia (Argentina, south-west Atlantic)“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, Nr. 8 (23.06.2009): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540900071x.

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Biological invasions can alter the biodiversity of native communities generating an ecological impact that in many cases is irreversible. In 2001, Undaria pinnatifida invaded Macrocystis pyrifera kelp in Cracker Bay (42°56′S, 64°27′W; Northern Patagonia, Argentina). The possible impact of that invasion was evaluated in March 2004 with a study of population and morphological parameters of both kelp species and their associated holdfast biodiversity. Three nearby areas of spatial distribution of the kelps were differentiated, one dominated by M. pyrifera (M), an intermediate area characterized by M. pyrifera and U. pinnatifida (M+U), and another dominated by U. pinnatifida (U). In each area, sporophytes in nine quadrats of 1 m2 were collected. The density and biomass m−2, the height of the sporophytes and the size of the holdfast of M. pyrifera did not diminish in the presence of U. pinnatifida. The richness, abundance and diversity of the flora associated with the holdfast of both kelps were similar, whereas these parameters were higher in the case of the fauna associated to M. pyrifera than U. pinnatifida Results obtained in this work suggest that, at this invasion stage, there is no evidence of interspecific competition. Nevertheless, since density and diversity of the fauna associated with the holdfast is different, we expect community changes if the U. pinnatifida invasion continues to expand.

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West, Elliott, Stephanie Cole und Alison M. Parker. „Beyond Black and White: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the U. S. South and Southwest“. Western Historical Quarterly 36, Nr. 4 (01.12.2005): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25443249.

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