Thematische Bibliographien / Tyre (Lebanon)

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Tyre (Lebanon)“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Tyre (Lebanon)"

Knudsen, Are John. „The Great Escape? Converging Refugee Crises in Tyre, Lebanon“. Refugee Survey Quarterly 37, Nr. 1 (26.02.2018): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdx018.

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KASSEM, DR Ali. „Impact of Solid Waste Management on Rural Development in Lebanon Advantages and Disadvantages Case Study: Ain Baal Project (Tyre caza)“. International Business & Economics Studies 3, Nr. 4 (16.11.2021): p40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v3n4p40.

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Solid waste is a global, regional and national problem. Lebanon is not isolated and far away from this problem. Lebanese state since the beginning did not work to find a scientific effective permanent lasting solution to this problem. Every day all media broadcast about solid waste problems, especially in the region of Sidon and Tyre caza. The file of solid waste management (collecting-transporting-disposal) is exhausting municipalities’ financial resources instead of investing these funds in implementing rural development programs, which TYRE caza fiercely needs. Development represents the most challenging aspect for all countries of the world, whether they are developed or developing countries. In addition, development in its concept and application, whether it was sustainable development, local, rural, urban, became the focal attention of states governments alike, whether those countries are developed or developing countries. For that purpose, those countries have established ministries and research centers to take care of development and even to add university degree related to development.Lebanon has not follow this track, neither in the formulation of designed ministry for development nor in the adding of university specialized degree, also the academic literature, who deals in the subject of development. “Limited number of institutions involved in rural development such as , the establishment of kafalat cooperation, a new investment law that establish the autonomous investment development authority of Lebanon (IDAL), the provision of subsidized credit through a central bank facility, signing trade agreements to expand and liberalize trade with Lebanon’s partners” E/ESCWA/2007/WG.5 26OCTOBER 2007.The research will focus on the concepts of rural development, rural area, analyze the impact of expenditure on solid waste on rural development in TYRE caza.

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Nir, Yaacov. „The city of Tyre, Lebanon and its semi-artificial tombolo“. Geoarchaeology 11, Nr. 3 (Mai 1996): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199605)11:3<235::aid-gea3>3.0.co;2-4.

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BouDagher-Fadel, Marcelle K., und Germaine Noujaim Clark. „Stratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleogeography of Maritime Lebanon: a key to Eastern Mediterranean Cenozoic history“. Stratigraphy 3, Nr. 2 (2006): 81–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.03.2.01.

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The present biostratigraphic study of Palaeogene and Neogene carbonates focuses on the chronological evolution and paleoenvironment of the Eocene toMiocene stages and their facies before and during the episodic emersion ofMount Lebanon. Biozones based upon the presence of planktonic foraminifera, larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae in the Tertiary carbonates date for the first time major Cretaceous/Tertiary unconformities as well as lesser Neogene unconformities. Presently dated allochtonous carbonate detritals in younger host sediments provide a time line to earlier phases of interpreted emersions and/ or uplifts preceding the structural differentiation of Lebanon into a transpressive system, a restrained bend and a major transcurrent fault. For the first time, two shorelines are recognised and dated; a Palaeogene shoreline of Lutetian/Bartonian marine conglomerates and beach sands from Beirut to Jabal Terbol and a Neogene (Late Burdigalian) shoreline confined to south maritime Lebanon through Sidon and Tyre. Likewise, this study records the coincidence of a Quaternary beach rock above an older Tortonian/Messinian shoreline NE of Tyre. Biostratigraphic and sedimentary review of the EasternMediterranean Neogene confirms a Lebanon maritime differentiation from the neighbouring locations of coastal Israel in the south, South Eastern Cyprus, South Western Turkey and North Western Syria. It also links rhodalgal Langhian and Serravallian bank accretion to upwellings of cooler, nutrient rich waters and notes a slower rate of Tortonian and selective Messinian bank growth as warmer seas prevailed and affected the change in benthos and microfaunal communities.

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Marriner, N., C. Morhange und S. Meule. „Holocene morphogenesis of Alexander the Great's isthmus at Tyre in Lebanon“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, Nr. 22 (18.05.2007): 9218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611325104.

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Elias, N., Y. Hourani, R. M. Arbogast, G. Sachau-Carcel, A. Badawi und D. Castex. „Human and Cattle Remains in a Simultaneous Deposit in the Hellenistic Necropolis of Jal al Bahr in Tyre: Initial Investigations“. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 29, Nr. 1-2 (25.10.2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0168-3.

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Excavations at the Hellenistic necropolis of Jal al Bahr in Tyre (southern Lebanon) have uncovered eight human skeletons buried together with the remains of five cattle crania and mandibles and five vertebral segments (thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae in various combinations). This deposit, which is separate from the primary single burials in the necropolis, revealed human bodies buried in atypical positions simultaneously with cattle remains and has raised the question of the significance of these remains. Archaeoanthropological and archaeozoological approaches were used in this study to elucidate and discuss funerary practices that differed from the classic burial practices known to exist in Hellenistic Tyre.

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Nassour, Sahar, Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Stephen Kodish und Lamis Jomaa. „Cash Plus Social and Behavioral Change Communication Approaches to Improve Food Security: Findings From Formative Research With Syrian Refugees in Lebanon“. Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (Juni 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_074.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to complement existing cash transfer programs and at improving food security among Syrian refugees (SR) in Lebanon by (1) examining their food literacy and food purchasing behaviors and (2) developing a social and behavioral change communication (SBCC) strategy. Methods This qualitative study was conducted (Jan – Feb 2020) in two phases: Phase1 included 2 focus group discussions (FGD) among 21 SR women receiving cash assistance in Tyre, Lebanon to identify food literacy gaps and preferred health communication channels. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants (KI) from international and non-governmental organizations working with SR; Phase 2 utilized qualitative findings for the development of a culturally-appropriate SBCC strategy to improve the food purchasing and healthy dietary behaviors of SR. Five months after phase 2, key findings were shared with KI through interviews in a form of ‘member checking’ to enhance data credibility and inform the interpretations of study findings in the context of COVID-19. An inductive approach to textual analysis was used to identify key themes and sub-themes for interpretation. Results Three major themes emerged from phase 1 data: Theme 1 reflected the highly precarious conditions of settlement camps that make it difficult for refugees to be food secure. Theme 2 suggested several determinants of food purchasing behaviors (limited nutrition knowledge, poor dietary habits contributing to sub-optimal dietary diversity, and limited exposure to nutrition education on food resource management and budgeting). Theme 3 revealed important nutrition education needs, as well as preferred channels to receive such information (e.g., group education, one-on-one counselling sessions, and WhatsApp-based messaging). Other communication channels suggested by KI, and that differed from those suggested by the refugee community in phase 1, included mass media campaigns and community mobilization. Conclusions Due to both environmental challenges and individual-level factors, SR living in Tyre, Lebanon were found to have poor dietary choices, thus an SBSS strategy tailored to their needs may help improve their food purchasing behaviors and alleviate their food insecurity levels. Funding Sources University Research Board grant at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon.

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Hassan, Hussein, Ali Salami, Ghassan Ghssein, Jeanne El-Hage, Nada Nehme und Rana Awada. „Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle in Southern Lebanon using different diagnostic tests“. October-2020 13, Nr. 10 (2020): 2234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2234-2242.

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is endemic zoonotic and highly contagious bacterial disease. Recently, several brucellosis cases were reported in Lebanon, causing significant economic losses; however, no study was done so far on farms located in the southern part of the country. Thus, the aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Brucella abortus in South Lebanon using three different serological tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. Materials and Methods: Seventeen farms from 14 locations in Southern Lebanon were selected. Two hundred and three bovine blood samples of different ages, and 121 milk samples collected from older than 2 years cattle were tested using different serological tests: Rose Bengal test (RBT), milk ring test (MRT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and confirmed with competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Results: Results revealed that approximately 15.3% (confidence interval [CI] 95 10.3-20.2%) and 15.7% (CI 95 9.2-22.2%) of samples were positive using RBT and MRT, respectively. This percentage was significantly higher when using I-ELISA (18.3%) (CI 95 12.9-23.5%) and C-ELISA (18.7%) (CI 95 9.8-27.5%). Among used diagnostic tests, our results showed that ELISA was more accurate for the detection of brucellosis, especially since it detects the late stages of the infection, which is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher among females. All positive tests were of cattle Holstein breed older than 2 years. Tyre and Jezzine cities had a higher significance in bovine brucellosis than Saida. A positive correlation between human and cattle brucellosis was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that bovine brucellosis is prevalent in southern Lebanon. Lack of research, in addition to little feedback of occurring illness or symptoms, creates a gap in helping to control the spread of the disease.

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Perdigon, Sylvain. „Life on the cusp of form: In search of worldliness with Palestinian refugees in Tyre, Lebanon“. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 8, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2018): 566–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/701101.

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Hitchon, Patrick. „Roman Hippodrome, Tyre, Lebanon: Racing up to Five Chariots at a Time, Seating for 20,000 Spectators“. Spine 34, Nr. 17 (August 2009): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000358884.86355.8d.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Tyre (Lebanon)"

Hayek, Carolyn M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Maintaining rainwater harvesting practices in southern Lebanon : the kaza of Tyre“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49702.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-51).
Despite relatively extensive surface water and groundwater networks, along with abundant rainfall, Lebanon is facing water scarcity due to factors such as pollution of freshwater resources, climate change, population growth, and increased demand. Limited surface water resources in southern Lebanon have fostered a cultural tradition of rainwater harvesting in the area. Rain is collected on both the household and the community level through rooftop and runoff collection systems (i.e. birkis), respectively. Rainwater harvesting has the potential to play a major role in achieving water security in Lebanon by acting as an emergency water supply. However, several of the towns in the area have decreased their dependence on privately collected rainwater and have further been considering whether to maintain birkis. A comparative analysis of two specific towns in the kaza of Tyre is used to better understand what drives the local decision to maintain rainwater-harvesting practices. Calculations show that the estimated water supply from rainwater harvesting could be used to meet the basic water needs of the respective populations in an extended dry season. In addition, five factors are identified as possible driving forces in the birki maintenance decision: land scarcity, cultural shift (i.e. a divergence from traditional practices), public health and safety, water needs, and organizational capacity. This research can be helpful in amending the design of birkis to address these drivers while preserving the water-storing capacity of the birki. Opportunities for further study are also identified.
by Carolyn Hayek.
M.Eng.
M.C.P.

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西山, 要一, und Yoichi NISHIYAMA. „The conservation project of underground tomb with wall painting in Burj al Shamali, Tyre, Lebanon“. 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18142.

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Kahwagi-Janho, Hany. „Étude archéologique et architecturale de la zone de l’hippodrome de Tyr“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040054.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude du secteur de l’hippodrome romain du site archéologique d’el-Bass à Tyr (Liban sud). Six monuments et structures archéologiques sont concernés : la route antique, l’arc monumental, l’aqueduc, l’hippodrome et les deux bains de factions qui lui sont associés. Une description détaillée du site et de son cadre archéologique, géographique et historique sera suivie d’une étude approfondie de chacun des monuments. Cette étude couvrira leurs divers aspects archéologiques, architecturaux, typologiques ainsi que les divers remaniements qu’ils subirent. L’ensemble sera accompagné de plusieurs approches comparatives avec des monuments contemporains similaires. Cette étude sera complétée par une analyse urbaine du site, qui traitera de la disposition des monuments les uns par rapport aux autres ainsi que par une étude chronologique qui présentera les diverses phases de son évolution, son développement et son abandon
This thesis has for object the survey of the sector of the Roman hippodrome of the archaeological site of el-Bass in Tyre (South Lebanon). Six monuments and archaeological structures are concerned: the ancient road, the monumental arch, the aqueduct, the hippodrome and the two faction baths that are associated to it. A detailed description of the site and its archaeological, geographical and historic setting will be followed by a deepened survey of each of the monuments. This survey will cover their various archaeological, architectural, typological aspects as well as the various overhauls that they underwent. The whole will be accompanied by several comparative approaches with similar contemporary monuments. This survey will be completed by an urban analysis of the site, which will be about the disposition of the monuments as well as by a chronological survey that will present the various phases of its evolution, its development and its abandonment

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El, Achi El Saadi Rola. „Les rues à colonnades romano-byzantines du Liban : étude d'archéologie, d'architecture et de conservation au travers des exemples de Byblos, Beyrouth et Tyr“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H050.

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Avec l'intégration de Byblos, Beyrouth et Tyr dans l'Empire romain, vers 64 avant J.-C., ces villes ont connu un renouveau architectural exceptionnel, qui a duré plusieurs siècles. Durant cette période, et d'après les fouilles entamées sur les sites au cours des XXe et XXIe siècles, il semble que le tissu urbain de chaque ville ait été réorganisé et doté de nouveaux monuments répondant autant que possible aux nouvelles exigences de standardisation et d'idéalisation architecturale. Parmi les vestiges qui nous renseignent sur la grandeur du paysage urbain romano-byzantin de Byblos, Beyrouth et Tyr figurent leurs rues à colonnades. La construction de ces artères principales qui reliaient les différents secteurs de chaque ville, débuta vers la fin du Ier siècle. Elle atteint son apogée au IIe siècle, puis connu un développement exceptionnel à la fin de l'Antiquité, avant de disparaitre complètement pendant les périodes médiévales et de tomber dans l'oubli. Cette thèse sera donc l'occasion d'examiner l'évolution historique, esthétique et fonctionnelle de ce type de monument. Elle nous permettra d'interpréter les données archéologiques recueillies sur le terrain en adoptant un croisement systématique des différents attributs identifiés, ce qui nous aidera à saisir les similitudes qui caractérisent les rues à colonnades du Liban, ainsi que les différences qui les distinguent
With the integration of Byblos, Beirut and Tyre into the Roman Empire, around 64 BC, these cities underwent an exceptional architectural revival, which lasted for several centuries. During this period, and according to the 20th and 21st centuries excavations that were undertaken on these sites, it seems that the urban fabric in each city was reorganized and endowed with new monuments that met as much as possible the new requirements of standardization and architectural idealization. Among the surviving ruins that tell us about the grandeur of the Roman-Byzantine urban landscape of Byblos, Beirut and Tyre stand their colonnaded streets. The construction of these main arteries, which linked the different sectors in each city, began towards the end of the 1st century. It reached its peak in the 2nd century and then underwent an exceptional development at the end of Antiquity, before disappearing completely during the medieval periods and falling into oblivion. This thesis will therefore be an opportunity to examine the historical, aesthetic and functional evolution of this type of monument. It will enable us to interpret the archaeological data collected on site by adopting a systematic cross-referencing of the various attributes identified, which will help us to grasp the similarities that characterize the colonnaded streets of Lebanon, as well as the differences that distinguish them

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Assaly, Georgette. „Étude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales antidiabétiques utilisées au Liban“. Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23652.

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Le diabète de type 2, ayant vu une augmentation fulgurante mondialement ces dernières décennies, représente un problème de santé significatif au Liban avec une prévalence de 14.6% en 2017. Dans le but d’identifier des plantes médicinales à potentiel antidiabétique utilisées au Liban, des entrevues ont été effectuées avec 30 herboristes provenant de 6 provinces différentes. La majorité des herboristes sélectionnés ont au moins 10 ans d’expériences, à l’exception d’un seul candidat. Une approche ethnobotanique a été employée dans le but d’identifier les plantes ayant un potentiel antidiabétique à l’aide d’un questionnaire semi-dirigé, reposant sur 15 symptômes et complications associés au diabète de Type 2. Un total de 42 espèces a été mentionné par les herboristes. Les espèces mentionnées ont été classifiées grâce à l’indice SIV (valeur d’importance syndromique), tenant compte du degré d’association de chaque symptôme avec le diabète de Type 2. Une analyse de la littérature scientifique sur les 5 premières plantes a permis d’appuyer le savoir des herboristes. Une analyse de correspondance entre symptômes et espèces a aussi démontré une association de 8 plantes en particulier avec 3 symptômes différents.
Type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically globally in recent decades, representing a significant health problem in Lebanon with a prevalence of 14.6% in 2017. To identify medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential used in Lebanon, interviews were conducted with 30 herbalists from 6 different provinces. Most of the selected herbalists had at least 10 years of expertise, with the exception of one candidate. An ethnobotanical approach was applied to identify plants with antidiabetic potential, using a semi-structured questionnaire based on 15 symptoms and complications associated with Type 2 diabetes. A total of 42 species were mentioned by the herbalists. The species mentioned were classified by SIV (Syndromic Importance Value) ranking, taking into account the degree of association of each symptom with Type 2 diabetes. A correspondence analysis between symptoms and species was then performed and demonstrated an association of 8 plants with 3 different symptoms.

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Bücher zum Thema "Tyre (Lebanon)"

Bikai, Patricia Maynor. Tyre: The shrine of Apollo. Amman, Jordan: [s.n.], 1996.

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Roncaglia, Martiniano Pellegrino. In the footsteps of Jesus, the Messiah, in Phoenicia/Lebanon: Cana al-Jalil, Tyre, Sarepta, Sidon, Caesarea Philippi, and Mount Hermon (A.D. 28-30). Beirut: The Arab Institute for East and West Studies, 2004.

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Birmingham, Stephen. The LeBaron secret: A novel. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1987.

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Birmingham, Stephen. The LeBaron secret: A novel. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

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Birmingham, Stephen. The LeBaron secret: A novel. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

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Peters, Elizabeth. The Dead Sea cipher. Thorndike, Me: Center Point Pub, 2000.

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Elizabeth, Peters. The Dead Sea cipher. London: Piatkus, 1989.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2006 Economic and Product Market Databook for Tyre, Lebanon. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2005 Economic and Product Market Databook for Tyre, Lebanon. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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The Phoenicians and the West. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Tyre (Lebanon)"

Chatonnet, Françoise Briquel. „The Iron Age States on the Phoenician Coast“. In The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East Volume IV, 1027—C47P345. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687632.003.0047.

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Abstract The “Phoenicians,” a term of Greek origin, were the inhabitants of the coastal strip bordering the eastern Mediterranean that is today situated mainly in Lebanon. The Phoenicians are known from a few Iron Age inscriptions in their own language, but principally from biblical, Classical, and Mesopotamian sources. They are most prominently associated with widespread commercial expansion and the foundation of trading posts that often became colonies throughout the western Mediterranean. This chapter questions the notion of a Phoenician identity and emphasizes the difficulty of delineating geographical and chronological limits to the Phoenician phenomenon, and of defining specific political, cultural, religious, or linguistic features that might have formed the basis of Phoenician identity. As it is questionable whether the inhabitants of the region themselves ever thought of themselves as a single people, the chapter is organized into separate histories of individual cities and city-states. The area covered extends from Usnu and Siyanu on the Syrian coast, south to Dor in Israel, with special emphasis on Arwad, Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre.

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„7. Bleeding Dreams: Miscarriage and the Bindings of the Unborn in the Palestinian Refugee Community of Tyre, South Lebanon“. In Living and Dying in the Contemporary World, 143–58. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520961067-009.

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Kowarska, Zofia, und Szymon Lenarczyk. „Pithos-type vessels from the excavations in Chhîm, Lebanon“. In Roman Pottery in the Near East: Local Production and Regional Trade, 125–34. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tjdt.13.

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Schilthuize, Menno, und Edmund Gittenberger. „Allozyme variation in some cretan albinaria (gastropoda): paraphyletic species as natural phenomena“. In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca, 301–12. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549802.003.0026.

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Abstract The genus Albinaria, represented in Greece, western and southern coastal Turkey, Cyprus and The Lebanon, is extremely speciose. Currently, about 80 species are recognised (Nordsieck, 1977; personal observations). All these snails live, often in large numbers, on or near limestone rocks, where they feed on microflora. This ecological similarity may explain why their diversity is mainly allopatric (sensu Solem, 1984): morphologically characterised species are confined to relatively small geographic areas which do not or hardly overlap. Gittenberger (1991) considered this pattern of diversity to have resulted from “non-adaptive radiation”, the term non-adaptive referring not to any supposed neutral type of evolution, but used in contrast to “adaptive radiation”, where speciation is accompanied by conspicuous nichesegregation.

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El Rahman Hassoun, Abed, Ivana Ujević, Milad Fakhri, Romana Roje-Busatto, Céline Mahfouz, Sharif Jemaa und Nikša Nazlić. „Biotoxins in the Mediterranean Sea: Lebanon as a Case Study“. In Environmental Pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea: Recent Trends and Remediation Approaches, 1–43. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815179064123010003.

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Marine biotoxins are naturally occurring chemicals produced by toxic algae. They can be found in seawater and can accumulate in various marine organisms, such as commercial seafood. When contaminated seafood is consumed, these biotoxins can cause poisoning in humans, with varying health consequences depending on the type and amount of toxins. The proliferation of biotoxin-producing algae in the marine environment has dire socio-economic and environmental consequences due to the contamination of water and seafood. Due to the number of factors related to human pressures and climate change impacts, the frequency of marine biotoxins’ occurrence is increasing significantly globally, and in regional seas such as the Mediterranean Sea. In this chapter, we highlight Lebanon in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, where marine biotoxins were recently studied. The results show for the first time the presence of lipophilic toxins and cyclic imines in marine biota, with values for okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1 and 2, pectenotoxin 1 and 2, yessotoxins and azaspiracids below the detection limit (LOD). Levels above LOD were detected for domoic acid (DA), gymnodimine (GYMb), and spirolides (SPXs) in some species/areas. Maximum levels of DA, GYM, and SPXs (3.88 mg DA kg-1, 102.9 µg GYM kg-1, 15.07 µg SPX kg-1) were found in the spiny oyster (Spondylus spinosus) in agreement with the occurrence of Pseudo-nitzchia spp, Gymndinium spp, and Alexandrium spp. DA was below the EU limit but above the lowest observed adverse effect level (0.9 μg g-1) for neurotoxicity in humans and below the acute reference dose (30 µg kg-1 body weight), both established by EFSA. Considering the lowest lethal dose (LD50) after administration of GYM and SPXs to mice, it is unlikely that there is a health risk due to exposure to these toxins from seafood consumption in Lebanon. Nevertheless, the chronic toxicity of DA, GYMs, and SPXs remains unclear, and the effects of repeated consumption of contaminated seafood need to be investigated. Because biotoxins have been detected in bivalves and commercial species, as well as other organisms in the marine trophic chain, it is evident that species other than bivalves should be monitored, and the spiny oyster (S. spinosus) may play the role of a sentinel species in biotoxin studies. A regular monitoring program is needed to provide reliable, accurate estimates of bloom toxicity and to investigate their potential impact on marine species and human health in Lebanon.

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Katsakioris, Constantin. „Statistics on Arab Students in the USSR (1959–1991)“. In Russian-Arab Worlds, 236—C23P14. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197605769.003.0024.

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Abstract This chapter presents six tables of statistics on Arab students pursuing higher education in the Soviet Union sorted by sending country, year, type of scholarship, and other metrics. The data were collated from official lists in several Soviet archives. During the Cold War, Moscow viewed international education as an important instrument of global influence. The number of men and women from Arab countries studying at Soviet institutes and universities grew each year starting in 1962, totaling more than 47,000 graduates by 1991. Syria was the biggest Arab sending country, followed by Yemen, Lebanon, and Jordan. Most scholarships came from the Soviet state; others from political, social, and cultural organizations. Navigating between home countries that wanted technical specialists and a host country interested in showcasing its successes and teaching Marxist-Leninist philosophy, Arab students largely pursued their own educational and personal goals: education, travel, professional opportunities, and new acquaintances.

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Yarhi-Milo, Keren. „Ronald Reagan and the Fight against Communism“. In Who Fights for Reputation, 172–222. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181288.003.0007.

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This chapter assesses the extent to which reputational concerns shaped President Ronald Reagan's discourse, decision making, and policies during international crises. It focuses on four of these international crises: the escalation in Afghanistan, the intervention in Lebanon, the invasion of Grenada, and the air strikes against Libya. Each posed a challenge, real or perceived, to US reputation for resolve and so are good tests of the dispositional theory. A review of Reagan's self-monitoring tendencies and beliefs about the use of force place him closest to the ideal-type high self-monitor hawk, and thus, one should expect his behavior to be consistent with that of a reputation crusader. However, his behavior and discourse during the crises covered cannot be convincingly explained simply by highlighting his hawkish tendencies. In order to fully appreciate Reagan's policies, rhetoric, and state of mind, one must look at how these hawkish tendencies interacted with his high self-monitoring disposition.

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Verheijen, Tony, Katarína Staroňová, Ibrahim Elghandour und Anne-Lucie Lefebvre. „The Middle East and North Africa (Mena) and Globalization“. In Civil Servants and Globalization, 40–72. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215748.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the economic development models and economic history of the MENA region and four focus countries (Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia), the changing pattern of relations of MENA countries with international actors, and, in that context, the evolution of their civil service systems. On the first two points, sequential patterns of strong engagement and integration and isolation and self-reliance can be observed, with the last two decades showing a strong trend of re-engagement of MENA countries in the global economy and with international actors. Civil service systems, however, have not yet followed suit, and a disconnect between reintegration in the global economy and relatively unchanged civil service systems appears to emerge. The in-depth analysis on the influence of globalization on civil servants in the remaining part of the book will shed more light on these dynamics, as well as on the extent to which a more professional and engaged civil servant type is starting to emerge.

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Forster, Robert, und Are John Knudsen. „1 Syrian Self-Settlement in Lebanon’s ‘Arrival Cities’ Refugee Livelihoods in Tripoli, Beirut and Tyre“. In Urban Displacement, 29–54. Berghahn Books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781805393030-004.

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Leonardsson, Hanna. „Vertical Relationships: Connecting the Local to the National and Global“. In Navigating the Local, 108–33. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529224269.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the notion of vertical relationships through complementarity, autonomy and agency, arguing that vertical relationships matter for other local developments, which in turn mitigate conflict. This chapter highlights a multi-level approach to local peacebuilding through vertical relationships between the municipality of Tyre, Bourj Hammoud and Saida and central state authorities, national political figures and international actors. In addition to discussing the municipalities’ relationships to these actors, the chapter analyses them in relation to local infrastructural developments and waste management. The chapter concludes that when vertical relationships promote a common vision, the municipality gains capacity and autonomy to pursue local developments with a peacebuilding potential. However, vertical relationships also differ and municipalities navigate different vertical relationships to pursue local goals. In Lebanon’s divided state and the polarization of the Middle East, such relationships may promote local peacebuilding through national and international divides, or pursue national peacebuilding goals at the expense of local peace.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Tyre (Lebanon)"

Aoun, Youssef, Maya Kadi und Charbel Bou-Mosleh. „Thermal Foundation Benefits and Efficiency“. In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71359.

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In this paper, a novel type of ground heat exchanger for geothermal applications is introduced. This heat exchanger is installed in the foundations of a commercial and residential building that has piles and diaphragm walls. This dramatically reduces the cost of the ground heat exchanger and makes the application more cost efficient with a payback period of 1–2 years compared to 10 years with the conventional vertical loops. The system will be detailed and its basic operation will be explained. In addition, test results of an in-situ thermal test response of a loop that is already installed in a foundation of a building in Beirut, Lebanon will also be presented. This test allows the approximation of the thermal conductivity of the ground and the amount of heat that is absorbed and extracted from and to the ground. The preliminary tests have given very promising results, since the ground is water dense and has a high thermal conductivity which increases the heat transfer between our heat exchanger installed in the foundation and the ground. In addition, in the current application, and around the foundation, there exists a lot of circulating water. This renders the application more and more efficient since the ground temperature will not fluctuate in the next 10 years.

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