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1
Arohman, Aab, Kardiman Kardiman und Oleh Oleh. „VENTURY TYPE MICRO-BUBBLE GENERATOR (MBG) DESIGN USING 50 WP SOLAR POWER PANEL“. Barometer 6, Nr. 2 (31.07.2021): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35261/barometer.v6i2.5119.
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Peningkatan kualitas pertumbuhan ikan untuk sekarang ini bisa direncakan oleh peternak ikan dengan cara membuat suatu alat yaitu Micro Bublbe yang berfungsi untuk membuat permukaan air bergelombang sehingga ikan bisa bergerak lebih cepat yang mengakibatkan pertumbuhan ikan lebih baik. Micro bubbles dapat mengisolasi pengaruh lingkungan yang buruk terhadap pemeliharaan ikan dengan sistem yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pembaharuan alat micro bubble generator (MBG) dengan mengaplikasikan panel surya pada perancangan. Alat yang dirancang menggunakan solar cell sebagai alat untuk menghasilkan daya listrik yang disimpan kedalam baterai. Kapasitas bateri yang digunakan sebesar 60 watt dengan menggunakan solar cell 50 wp. Daya pada solar cell didapat dari hasil perhitungan dan pengujian menghasilkan efisiensi sebesar 5,89 %.
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Sendek-Matysiak, Ewelina. „EVALUATION OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES USED IN BEV ELECTRIC CARS IN TERMS OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT“. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 46 (2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ptl.2019.46-06.
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Va, Bossa No, und Dira Ernawati. „PERANCANGAN PRODUK CHARGER FAST CHARGING UNTUK USB TYPE C MENGGUNAKAN METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT“. JUMINTEN 1, Nr. 5 (03.11.2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/juminten.v1i5.160.
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Kecanggihan teknologi telah menjadi kebutuhan hidup manusia, karena dapat mempermudah kelangsungan hidup manusia. Salah satu kecanggihan teknologi yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh manusia adalah telepon genggam, namun dengan kecanggihan teknologi yang ada pada smartphone tersebut membuat baterai cepat habis, hal itu sangat menguras waktu karena seringnya para pengguna smartphone melakukan pengisian ulang baterai. Dengan menggunakan metode quality function deployment diharapkan akan terciptanya produk charger fast charging yang dapat mempersingkat waktu pengisian baterai. Dalam proses pengambilan data terdiri dari 50 responden atau konsumen konter Master Cell yang bertempat di Kampung Malang. Dan didapat hasil karakteristik teknik produk tersebut antara lain waktu pengisian singkat, Arus daya stabil, Mudah digunakan , Charger dapat memutuskan daya dengan sendirinya, Dapat digunakan sampai baterai penuh, Dapat digunakan pada semua HP (Type C), Terdapat 2 Port USB, Produk awet, Desain menarik dan dalam pembuatan alat tersebut membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp. 118.700 alat charger fast charging ini memiliki keunggulan memiliki waktu pengisian yang singkat, arus daya stabil dan ergonomis.
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DE AZEVÊDO, CARLOS AUGUSTO SILVA, und NEUSA HAMADA. „Description of the larvae of Corydalus batesii MacLachlan and C. ignotus Contreras-Ramos (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) with notes on life history and behavior“. Zootaxa 1631, Nr. 1 (05.11.2007): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1631.1.2.
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Corydalus batesii MacLachlan is widely distributed in the Amazon region, while Corydalus ignotus Contreras-Ramos was previously known only from its type locality in French Guiana. Both species are only known as adults. Here, we describe the larvae of both species and provide notes on observations and measurements of several aspects of the life history of each species and of the adult behavior of C. batesii. Corydalus ignotus records presented herein are the first for this species in Brazil.
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Wagler, Ron. „A Captive Breeding Program for the Giant Amazonian Whip Spider: Making Educational Connections to a Charismatic Arachnid and the Ongoing Sixth Mass Extinction“. American Biology Teacher 80, Nr. 1 (01.01.2018): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.1.47.
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Heterophrynus batesii (the Giant Amazonian Whip Spider) are often referred to as “whip scorpions” or “whip spiders” because of their very long antenniform legs (i.e., whips), but they are neither scorpions nor spiders. They are amblypygids, a type of harmless charismatic arachnid with an alien-like appearance that students are drawn to. I have developed care and breeding techniques that are effective at getting H. batesii to live and reproduce in captivity. I developed these techniques with other science teachers in mind. These techniques are simple, time efficient, utilize the least expensive materials, and require minimal space—important characteristics since most high school biology teachers are limited by time, money, and space. This article instructs high school biology students (under the guidance of their teacher) how to properly care for and develop a captive breeding program for H. batesii in their high school biology classroom. Topics, resources, and activities are also suggested that allow teachers to make educational connections between the H. batesii captive breeding program, the ongoing sixth mass extinction, and the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
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Sumanzaya, Tri, Amir Supriyanto und Gurum Ahmad Pauzi. „Analisis Karakteristik Elektrik Onggok Singkong sebagai Pasta Bio-Baterai“. Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika 7, Nr. 2 (31.07.2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v7i2.1982.
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Bio-battery is a battery with paste that is made of natural materials. Bio-battery produce electrical power by using electrolyte cassava pulp and Cu-Zn electrode. Design of bio-batteries are made by 20 cell of dry cell battery type R20S IEC/UM-1/D 1,5 volt and arranged in series. Cassava pulp variation are new cassava pulp and pulp with fermentation for 48 hours, 96 hours, and 144 hours. The measurement of the electrical characteristics using 7 watt LED DC for 12 hours. The maximum voltage when the load is released which genereted by new cassava pulp is 16,76 volt, fermented for 48 hours is 19,28 volt, fermented for 96 hours is 20,00 volt, and fermented for 144 hours is 20,30 volt. The variety of cassava pulp which has the best electrical characteristics is fermented cassava pulp for 144 hours. It could turn on the lamp with bright lights. The results showed that the longer the fermentation time of cassava pulp caused the electrical conductivity was increased.
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Motýl, Jiří. „Test cesty: Recenze metody“. TESTFÓRUM 4, Nr. 6 (30.06.2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/tf2015-6-85.
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Test cesty je z mého pohledu při základním klinickém neuropsychologickém vyšetření velmi dobře použitelný. A to především pro diagnostiku přítomnosti nebo nepřítomnosti patologie v rámci celkového neurologického fungování. Na základě předložených výsledků nedoporučuji metodu používat pro konkrétnější diagnostiku typu poruchy. Na metodu však lze navázat další vyšetření, která konkrétnější diagnostiku zajistí. Ostatně sama metoda je často součástí komplexnější baterie vyšetření. I přes poměrně dobré hodnoty reliability, senzitivity i specificity, které splňují nároky na takovéto klinické vyšetření, je nutné si být vědom případné chyby, a výsledný skór posoudit i na základě dalších vyšetření a vlastního pozorování.
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RÖDEL, MARK-OLIVER, THOMAS DOHERTY-BONE, MARCEL TALLA KOUETE, PETER JANZEN, KATHERINE GARRETT, ROBERT BROWNE, NONO LEGRAND GONWOUO, MICHAEL F. BAREJ und LAURA SANDBERGER. „A new small Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from southern Cameroon“. Zootaxa 3431, Nr. 1 (21.08.2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3431.1.4.
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We describe a new small Phrynobatrachus species from southern Cameroon. The new species exhibits a combination ofunique morphological characters and a distinctive colour pattern consisting of a black lateral face mask, a black throat inmales, a white throat with uniform black lower mandibles in females and a white belly in both sexes. Morphologically itis characterized by small size, absence of an eyelid cornicle, presence of black spines on anterior part of vocal sac in males,spines on flanks, presence of discs on toe and finger tips, distinct webbing, absence of nuptial pads on male thumbs andscapular ridges converging in a straight line. Analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA revealed that the new species differsfrom 34 other West and Central African species of the genus by a minimum distance of 4.5% and is most similar to severalPhrynobatrachus species which are almost all endemic to the Cameroon volcanic line or parts of it, i.e. P. chukuchuku(4.9%), P. werneri (5.1%), P. steindachneri (5.2%), P. schioetzi (5.6%), P. batesii (5.9%), P. cricogaster (5.5%), P. danko(6.1%), and P. manengoubensis (6.1%), respectively. The new species is most similar to P. batesii, which was describedfrom forests close to the type locality of the new species. Morphologically the new species differs from P. batesii by muchsmaller size (< 20 mm vs. 25-31 mm), shape of scapular ridges, belly colour, shorter shanks, absence of nuptial pads and presence of gular spines in breeding males.
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Hyžný, Matúš. „Vecticallichirus batei (WOODWARD, 1869) n. comb. – a remarkable Paleogene ghost shrimp (Decapoda, Axiidea, Callichiridae) from the Isle of Wight, southern England“. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 296, Nr. 1 (01.05.2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0894.
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Paleogene ghost shrimps of the Isle of Wight (England) are reassessed with respect to the most recent classification of extant representatives. A re-examination of the original material of the insufficiently described Callianassa batei Woodward, 1869 from the Oligocene Bouldnor Formation of the island has now revealed that it belongs to the genus Vecticallichirus Quayle & Collin , 2012 (type species: V. abditus Quayle & Collins, 2012) from the Upper Eocene Headon Hill Formation of the same area and is, in fact, conspecific with V. abditus. Vecticallichirus abditus is here considered to be a junior synonym of Vecticallichirus batei.
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Syafra, Wahyudi Fachrul, Purwantono Purwantono, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin und Arwizet K. „Power Consumption Analysis of a BLDC 24V 250W Electric Bike on An Assembled Lithium-ion Battery Pack“. MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 2, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v2i3.63.
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This research is using experimental method. Tests carried out on electric bicycles with 250 Watt Brushless DC motor drive. The total power consumption is obtained through testing the use of electric bicycles which starts from the maximum battery condition until the bike cannot move. The battery used is a type of lithium ion assembly with a total capacity of 29.12 Volt 20Ah. In testing, the bike was driven at maximum speed, with a 65kg rider. In the first test, a distance of 30.6 Km was reached with a power consumption of 1041.1 Watt, 112 minutes of travel time. The second test as far as 31.1 Km requires 1090.8 Watts of power takes 117 minutes. And the 3rd test reached a distance of 35.9 Km with 1178 Watts of power and 128 minutes of travel time. It was also found that the battery was unable to move the bike at the lowest voltage of 22.1 Volt.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Pengujian dilakukan pada sepeda listrik dengan penggerak motor Brushless DC 24V 250 Watt. Total konsumsi daya didapat melalui pengujian pemakaian sepeda listrik yang dimulai dari kondisi baterai maksimum sampai sepeda tidak dapat bergerak. Baterai yang digunakan adalah jenis lithium ion rakitan dengan total kapasitas 29.12 Volt 20Ah. Pada pengujian, sepeda digerakan dengan kecepatan maksimalnya, dengan baban pengendara 65Kg. Pada pengujian pertama tercapai jarak 30.6 Km dengan konsumsi daya 1041.1 Watt, waktu tempuh 112 menit. Pengujian ke-2 sejauh 31.1 Km membutuhkan daya 1090.8 Watt waktu tempuh 117 menit. Dan pengujian ke-3 mencapai jarak 35.9 Km dengan daya 1178 Watt dan waktu tempuh selama 128 menit. Didapati juga hasil bahwa baterai tidak mampu mengerakan sepeda pada tegangan terendah sebesar 22.1 Volt.
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Myšková, Lucie, Irena Smetáčková, Hana Novotná, Jakub Onder, Hana Kuželová und Radek Ptáček. „Vzdělání u osob se zkušeností s náhradní formou péče v dětství“. Pedagogická orientace 25, Nr. 1 (28.02.2015): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pedor2015-1-63.
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Cílem sdělení je představení dílčích výsledků výzkumu, který se zabýval vlivem dlouhodobého pobytu osob v náhradních formách péče (tj. v ústavní výchově a v náhradních rodinách) na různé oblasti života v dospělosti. Sledovanou oblastí v prezentované části studie byla dosavadní vzdělávací dráha respondentů. V první části jsou přiblíženy typy těchto forem péče v ČR s bližším představením ústavní výchovy. Druhá část příspěvku předkládá dílčí část studie, kde byla pomocí anamnestického dotazníku a baterie psychologických testů porovnávána výzkumná skupina dospělých osob se zkušeností s náhradní péčí v dětství (n = 128) a kontrolní skupina osob vyrůstajících v původních rodinách (n = 103). Třetí část příspěvku je věnována výsledkům týkajícím se nejvyššího dosaženého vzdělání, cesty k němu a dotýká se také pohledu na dosažené vzdělání přes rozdíly v osobnostních rysech. Ukázalo se, že lidé, kteří strávili celé či část svého dětství v náhradních formách péče, dosahují nižšího vzdělání, mají nižší vzdělanostní aspirace, ve své školní trajektorii se potýkají s většími potížemi a od okolí získávají menší podporu v učení. Z uvedeného vyplývají doporučení ve vztahu k vzdělávacímu procesu dětí umístěných v náhradních formách péče.
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PUTCHKOV, ALEXANDER V., und TETIANA YU MARKINA. „The description of the tiger beetle larvae of Cosmodela aurulenta (Fabricius, 1801)(Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)“. Zootaxa 4859, Nr. 4 (08.10.2020): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.4.5.
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All larval instars of the tiger beetle species Cosmodela aurulenta aurulenta (Fabricius, 1801) which is the type species of the genus Cosmodela Rivalier, 1961 are described and illustrated here for the first time, based on material from Bali Island (Indonesia). A brief review of habitat preferences and ecology for adults and larvae of Cosmodela aurulenta are provided. Differences between C. aurulenta and C. batesi (Fleutiaux, 1893) and allied Palaearctic genera of the subtribe Cicindelina are discussed. The preliminary key of known larvae of relevant genera and subgenera of the Oriental Region is given.
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PRICE, ROGER D., und KEVIN P. JOHNSON. „Four new species of Myrsidea Waterston chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes)“. Zootaxa 1297, Nr. 1 (17.08.2006): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1297.1.5.
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Four new species of the menoponid genus Myrsidea Waterston are described from the Malagasy warblers. These new species and their type hosts are: M. yoshizawai ex the Short-billed tetraka, Xanthomixis zosterops andapae (Salomonsen); M. goodmani ex the Long-billed bernieria, Bernieria madagascariensis madagascariensis (J.F. Gmelin); M. mccrackeni ex the White-throated oxylabes, Oxylabes madagascariensis (J.F. Gmelin); and M. batesi ex the Long-billed bernieria, B. m. madagascariensis (J.F. Gmelin). These represent the first species of Myrsidea to be described from this group of hosts. We also sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene for these and other species of Myrsidea.
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Tahir, Hidayat, Syahrir Abdussamad und Iskandar Zulkarnain Nasibu. „Rancangan Catu Daya Cadangan SRAM Pada Z80 Trainer“. Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3, Nr. 1 (08.01.2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v3i1.8338.
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Z80 Trainer banyak digunakan dalam praktikum maupun alat bantu peraga terkait pembelajaran mikroprosesor. Dalam penggunaannya, Z80 Trainer menggunakan keypad untuk menulis kode sumber secara manual dan selanjutnya disimpan dalam memori secara volatile. Masalah yang sering terjadi adalah putusnya pasokan daya ke Z80 Trainer sehingga program yang telah ditulis tidak tersimpan dan harus ditulis kembali. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk merancang dan mengontrol catu daya cadangan untuk SRAM di Z80 Trainer menggunakan baterai, yang mampu mendeteksi terputusnya suplai daya dari tegangan listrik PLN untuk memastikan bahwa data dan program yang telah ditulis dan tersimpan di memori tidak terhapus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan perancangan alat yang dilaksanakan dilaboratorium. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan alat yang dapat mengontrol catu daya cadangan berasal dari baterai melalui rangkaian switching control unit untuk SRAM di Z80 Trainer. Hasil pengujian unjuk kerja mendapati bahwa alat yang telah dibuat dapat mengontrol atau mengatur catu daya di SRAM disaat catu daya utama PLN terputus selama kurang lebih 26 hari dengan memakai baterai Li-Ion tipe 18650 berkapasitas 3000 mAh. Pengujian lama waktu penggunaan alat d kondisi normal menggunakan catu daya cadangan mendapatkan hasil sekitar ±20 jam.Z80 Trainer is widely used in practicum and teaching aids related to microprocessor learning. In use, the Z80 Trainer uses a keypad to write source code manually and then stored in volatile memory. The problem that often occurs is that the power supply to the Z80 Trainer is cut off so that the written program is not saved and has to be rewritten. This research is designed to build and control a backup power supply for SRAM on the Z80 Trainer using a battery, which can meet the power supply cut off from the PLN mains voltage to ensure that data and programs that have been written and stored in memory are not deleted. The method used in this research is the experimental method and the design of the tools carried out in the laboratory. This research has produced a tool that can control the backup power supply coming from the battery via a circuit of the switching control unit for the SRAM on the Z80 Trainer. The test results prove that the tool that has been made can control or build power in SRAM when the main power supply is cut off for less than 26 days using a Li-Ion battery type 18650 with a capacity of 3000 mAh. Testing the length of time to use the tool under normal conditions using a backup power supply to get the result of about ± 20 hours.
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Bilong, C. F. Bilong, E. Birgi und L. Euzet. „Urogyrus cichlidarum gen.nov., sp.nov., Urogyridae fam.nov., monogène parasite de la vessie urinaire de poissons cichlidés au Cameroun“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, Nr. 3 (01.03.1994): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-076.
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Urogyrus cichlidarum gen.nov., sp.nov. (Dactylogyridea, Urogyridae fam.nov.) is proposed for a monogenean found in the urinary bladder of Chromidotilapia batesi Boulenger, 1901, Nanochromis caudifasciatus Boulenger, 1913, Pungu maclareni Trewavas, Green and Corbet, 1972, Stomatepia pindu Trewavas, Green and Corbet, 1972, and Tilapia sp., freshwater Cichlidae in Cameroon. The new genus is distinguished from other urinary bladder monogeneans and from all Dactylogyridea by the haptor with 2 unequal ventral hooks, a single ventral transverse bar, and 14 ventral marginal hooklets, and by a vas deferens loop around left intestinal branch as well as by a male copulatory apparatus with two accessory pieces in a claw shape. This new genus is proposed as the type of a new family, Urogyridae, and its systematic position is discussed.
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Harahap, Dedy Ramdhani. „Pengujian Performa Baterai Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Untuk Mobil Listrik Satu Penumpang Pada Kompetisi Balap Mobil Listrik Ene1-Gp Jepang 2017“. Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 9, Nr. 01 (07.05.2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v9i01.25.
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The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is viewed as an attractive solution to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption resulted from transport sector, but the EVs implementation is limited to driving distance and and the charging process that inconvenience. The analysis of energy consumption characteristics of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery that commonly used as the energy source for EVs become an important foundation to study the durability and performance of the battery when applied in addition to increase the driving range from this EVs. This research aims to test the durability and the performance of the Eneloop type of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery that used for the racing car competed on ENE1-GP Japan at Suzuka Circuit Japan. From this experiment will be achieve the energy consumption estimation systematically, based on this data the parameters can be decided accurately for the EVs that attend the competition. The battery will be test under room temperature and the load given during the test from 0.1A to 10A. The average temperature during the performance test were observed using thermal camera. The best result from this experiment is on 5A, the battery will effectively use and can fit the requirement to complete the race in 18 minutes and 49 seconds for 3 cycles (laps). On the other hand, this data also can become the foundation to develop the electric vehicle which has similar specification.
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Agustian, Hanafi, Budhi Mulyawan Suyitno und Dwi Rahmalina. „Pengembangan Baterai Tipe Voldrant Dengan Pemanfaatan Material Komposit Nanokarbon Graphene Oxide Pada Aplikasi Penyimpan Energi (Studi Komparasi Dengan Aki Konvensional Tipe Kering)“. JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 4, Nr. 1 (22.05.2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v4i1.1473.
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AbstrakVoldrant adalah penyimpan energi (Energy Storage)memiliki keunggulan lebih dari aki konvesional pada saat ini. ramah akan lingkungan. Tipe Voldrant mempunyai 2,37 V/sel total 14,23 V (SOC) saat pengosongan dengan pembebanan 100watt dalam 15 menit mencapai 8,65 V (DOD) dengan kuat arus 3 amper dan daya 26 Watt dan 2,8 Ω. Dibanding model konvensional mempunyai 2,07 V/sel total 12,4 V (SOC) saat pengosongan dengan pembebanan 100watt dalam 15 menit mencapai 11,61 V (DOD) dengan kuat arus 3,1 amper dan daya 35 Watt dan 3,8 Ω. Untuk pengisian Voldrant dengan nilai DOD 8,65 V saat di charge pada kapasitas 20 amper dalam 6 menit mencapai SOC diangka 14,23 V dengan kuat arus 2,2 amper dan daya 31 Watt dan 6,46 Ω Sedangkan pengisian pada konvensional pada DOD 10,54 V saat di charge pada kapasitas 20 amper dalam 60 menit mencapai SOC diangka 11,25 V dengan kuat arus 5 amper dan daya 80 Watt dan 2,25 Ω (Konvensional posisi DOD dibatasi >10,50 untuk menghindari kerusakan sel) Tipe Voldrant sebagai penyimpan energi yang mempunyai arus yang tinggi/besar di awal (Starting) sehingga sangat baik dan stabil untuk penggunaan pembangkit listrik pada kendaraan yang membutuhkan energi/arus listrik yang besar, industri dan penggerak/pembangkit mesin pada kapal selam di militer (penyesuaian-penyesuaian tertentu). Sedangkan untuk penyimpan energi Konvensional masuk kategori penyimpan daya yang lama/awet (Storage) Kata Kunci : Voldrant, Graphene Oxide (GO), Polyvinylideneflouride (PVDF) DOD, SOC AbstractVoldrant is an energy storage (Energy Storage) that has more advantages than conventional batteries at present. Type Voldrant has 2.37 V / cell total of 14.23 V (SOC) when emptying with a load of 100 watts in 15 minutes reaches 8.65 V (DOD) with a current of 3 amperes and a power of 26 Watts and 2.8 Ω. Compared to the conventional model having 2.07 V / cell total 12.4 V (SOC) when emptying with a load of 100 watts in 15 minutes reaches 11.61 V (DOD) with a current strength of 3.1 amperes and a power of 35 Watts and 3.8 Ω . To fill Voldrant with a DOD value of 8.65 V when charged at a capacity of 20 amperes in 6 minutes it reaches SOC assumed to be 14.23 V with a current strength of 2.2 amperes and a power of 31 Watts and 6.46 Ω While charging to conventional DOD 10 , 54 V when charged at a capacity of 20 amperes in 60 minutes reaches the estimated SOC 11.25 V with a current of 5 amperes and a power of 80 Watts and 2.25 Ω (Conventional DOD positions are limited to> 10.50 to avoid cell damage) Type Voldrant as energy storage that has a high / large current starting, so it is very good and stable for the use of power plants in vehicles that require large energy / electric current, industry and engine / generator on submarines in the military (adjustments certain). Whereas for conventional energy storage, it is categorized as a long / durable power storage (Storage). Keywords: Voldrant, Graphene Oxide (GO), Polyvinylideneflouride (PVDF) DOD, SOC
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Md Ralib, Aliza Aini, Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher, Rosminazuin Ab Rahim, Nor Farahidah Za'bah und Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif. „FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM“. IIUM Engineering Journal 20, Nr. 1 (01.06.2019): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v20i1.991.
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Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz.
ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.
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Manzano Sánchez, David, Guillermo Vivó López und Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela. „Actividades acuáticas en educación, la actividad deportiva extraescolar y el nivel de actividad física deportiva“. Revista de Investigación en Actividades Acuáticas 2, Nr. 3 (31.01.2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v2i3.404.
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Antecedentes: La demanda de actividades deportivas acuáticas en los centros escolares y deportivos ha aumentado en los últimos años, en parte gracias a los beneficios que supone sobre la salud y el desarrollo motriz del estudiante.Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre las actividades acuáticas en clases de educación física, la actividad deportiva extraescolar y el nivel de actividad física deportiva en estudiantes de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria.Método: La muestra del estudio fue de 368 participantes pertenecientes a cuatro centros educativos de la Región de Murcia (España), dos de los cuales contaban con instalaciones acuáticas, mientras que los otros dos centros no disponían de este tipo de instalaciones. Se utilizó una batería de preguntas para conocer el tipo de actividad física deportiva extraescolar y el número de horas semanales dedicadas a dichas actividades.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existían diferencias a nivel de actividades acuáticas extraescolares entre los centros con práctica acuática escolar y aquellos otros que no cuentan con dicha oferta académica y un tamaño del efecto moderado a favor de los estudiantes con instalaciones acuáticas respecto al nivel de actividad física deportiva y la realización de actividades extraescolares.Conclusiones: Los estudiantes que practican actividades acuáticas en clases de educación física realizan más actividad física deportiva acuática extraescolar y tienden a ser más activos.Palabras clave: Actividad física deportiva, ejercicio, salud, niños, estilo de vida.Title: Differences between centers with aquatic activities in physical education, sports activities and the level of physical activity outside schoolAbstractBackground: The demand for aquatic sports activities in schools and sports has increased in recent years, in part, thanks to the expected benefits on health and motor development of students.Goals: The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between aquatic activities in physical education, out-of-school sports activity and the level of physical activity in 5th and 6th grade primary school students.Method: The sample of the study was of 368 participants belonging to four educational centers, from Murcia Region (Spain), two of which had aquatic facilities, while the other two centers did not have this type of facilities. A battery of questions was used to know the type of out-of-school physical activity and the number of weekly hours devoted to theseactivities.Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in the level of extracurricular aquatic activities between the schools with aquatic practice and those that do not have such academic offer and a moderate effect size favorable for students with aquatic facilities compared to the level of physical activity and extracurricular activities.Conclusions: Students who practice aquatic activities in physical education classes perform more physical activity outside the school and tend to be more active.Key words: Physical sport activity, exercise, health, children, lifestyle. Titulo: Diferenças entre centros com atividades aquáticas na educação física, atividades esportivas e o nível de atividade física fora da escola.ResumoIntrodução: A demanda por atividades esportivas aquáticas em escolas e centros esportivos aumentou nos últimos anos, em parte graças aos benefícios que tem sobre a saúde e o desenvolvimento motor do aluno.Objetivos: O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar a relação entre atividades aquáticas na educação física, atividade esportiva extra-escolar e o nível de atividade física em estudantes do ensino primário da 5ª e 6ª série.Método: Apl A amostra do estudo foi de 368 participantes pertencentes a quatro centros educacionais da região de Murcia (Espanha), dois dos quais possuíam instalações aquáticas, enquanto os outros dois centros não possuíam este tipo de instalações. Uma bateria de perguntas foi usada para conhecer o tipo de atividade física fora da escola eo número de horassemanais dedicadas a essas atividades.Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que houve diferenças significativas no nível de atividades aquáticas extracurriculares entre as escolas com prática aquática e aqueles que não possuem tal oferta acadêmica e um tamanho de efeito moderado favorável para estudantes com instalações aquáticas em comparação com o nível de atividade física e atividadesextracurriculares.Conclusões: Os alunos que praticam atividades aquáticas em aulas de educação física realizam mais atividade física fora da escola e tendem a ser mais ativos.Palavras-chave: Atividade física esportiva, exercício, saúde, crianças, estilo de vida.
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NIEVES-URIBE, SANDRA, ADRIÁN FLORES-GALLARDO, JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS, ARMANDO LUIS-MARTÍNEZ und CARMEN POZO. „Use of exochorion characters for the systematics of Hamadryas Hübner and Ectima Doubleday (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae: Ageroniini)“. Zootaxa 4619, Nr. 1 (18.06.2019): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4619.1.3.
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We studied the chorionic morphology of six species of Hamadryas, and together with previous studies, we compared our results with previously published phylogenies for the genus. Samples were obtained from 19 females collected between 2013 and 2017 whose abdomens were sectioned and preserved for later dissection. Eggs were extracted from those dissections and used for the descriptions and illustrations of the chorion. The Hamadryas egg is of the globose type; it is quasi-spheroidal and has multiple polygonal grids with differentiation in specific zones/regions, and knolls with macrocells in their summits that arise in the apical third. These characteristics are very different from those found in the majority of Biblidinae and for those reported in the literature for Batesia and Panacea, which belong to the same subtribe as Hamadryas (Ageroniina, now Ageroniini). Chorionic characters support a previously suggested division of the genus (februa, feronia and laodamia groups) and they agree with the phylogenetic proposal based on morphological characters. Our study expands previous morphological work focused on this genus and compiles all the information available to date about the exochorion of Hamadryas, which now includes data for 10 species and that of Ectima thecla thecla, the putative sister group of Hamadryas.
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Razzaq, Sabeekah Al-Abdul. „The Ostracoda community in hypersaline channels in Al-Khiran, Arabian Gulf“. Journal of Micropalaeontology 10, Nr. 1 (01.08.1991): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.10.1.17.
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Abstract. A community of ten ostracod species characterizes the hypersaline channels of Khor Al-Mufateh and Khor Al-Mamlaha. The dominant species in Khor Al-Mufateh are Loxoconcha (Loxoconcha) indica Jain, 1978; Gibboborchella venosa Gumey, 1979; Gibboborchella alata Gurney, 1979; and Hemicytheridea paiki Jain, 1978. L.(L.) indica, along with Neomonoceratina sp., dominate Khor Al-Mamlaha. Other species ranging from common to rare, include Carinocythereis (Carinocythereis) batei Jain, 1978; Callistocythere cf. flavidofusca intricatoides (Ruggieri), 1953; Loxoconcha (Loxoconcha) multiornata Bate & Gurney, 1981; Tanella cf. gracilis Kingma, 1948; and Xestoleberis rotunda Hartmann, 1964.Khor Al-Mufateh and Al-Mamlaha are divided into zones according to the distribution of ostracod species, which are dependant upon the richness and distribution of algae and the type of sediment. The ten ostracod species are salinity-tolerant and occur in the upper third of Khor Al-Mufateh and the lower half of Khor Al-Mamlaha with salinity ranging between 55–70‰ and 45–70‰, respectively. These zones are rich in algal growth with sediments varying from muddy carbonate sands to sandy mud. Most ostracod species are found in abundance during the summer exhibiting a rich diversity of algae genera and species.
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IBRAHIM, IBRAHIM, und DANI RUSIRAWAN. „Optimalisasi Sistem Mikrogrid Hibrida Berbasis Jarak Pagar menggunakan HOMER“. ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 7, Nr. 2 (24.05.2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i2.268.
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ABSTRAKPenggunaan genset diesel minyak solar untuk kelistrikan di pulau Medang terkendala dengan mahal dan tingginya biaya pengadaan minyak solar. Biomassa jarak pagar yang ada di pulau Medang potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber daya alam (SDA) lokal, untuk menggantikan minyak solar sebagai bahan bakar genset. Bahan bakar yang dapat dihasilkan dari buah jarak pagar terdiri dari straight vegetable oil (SVO), biogas dan synthetic gas (syngas). Berdasarkan data sekunder, 1 ha kebun jarak pagar dapat menghasilkan listrik 19.425 kWh/tahun menggunakan genset diesel berbahan bakar SVO ditambah 6.475 kWh/tahun menggunakan genset biogas. Dalam penelitian ini, optimalisasi sistem mikrogrid hibrida berbasis jarak pagar sudah dilakukan. Kondisi optimal untuk beban rata-rata 4.000 kWh/hari terdiri dari 1X360 kW genset SVO + 1X360 kW genset Biogas + Baterai 300 kWh + inverter-rectifier 300 kW. Hasil evaluasi memperlihatkan untuk operasi 25 tahun, sistem mikrogrid hibrida berbasis biomassa jarak pagar membutuhkan net present cost (NPC) sebesar $7.750.000 dan memberikan cost of energy (COE) $0,368/kWh.Kata kunci: genset, bioenergi, SVO, biogas, listrik ABSTRACTUtilization of diesel oil for diesel generators in the Medang island is constrained by high costs of diesel oil. The jatropha (type of biomass) in the Medang island can be used as a local natural resource (SDA), in substituting of diesel oil as a generator fuel. The type of fuel whics is produced by jatropha consist of straight vegatable oil (SVO), biogas and synthetic gas (syngas). Based on secondary data, it is found that 1 ha of Jatropha equal by produces electricity 19.425 kWh/year using an SVO diesel generator set and 6.475 kWh/year using biogas generator set. In this study, optimization of the hybrid microgrid system was carried out. The optimal conditions for an average 4,000 kWh/day of load is consisting of 1X360 kW SVO generator + 1X360 kW Biogas generator + 300 kWh + 300 kW rectifier inverter. Evaluation results showed that for 25-year operation, the hybrid microgrid jatophra bases system requires of NPC of $ 7,750,000 and yield the COE of $ 0.368/kWh.Keywords: genset, bioenergy, SVO, biogas, electricity
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Sutiani, Ni Wayan. „Dampak dari Pandemi Covid-19 Melakukan Studi Work From Home“. Jurnal Ilmiah Cakrawarti 4, Nr. 1 (25.02.2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jic.v4i1.240.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi memperoleh informasi mengenai kendala proses belajar mengajar online di rumah akibat adanya pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus eksploratori dan pendekatan penelitiannya menggunakan metode studi kasus kualitatif yang digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai kendala dan konsekuensi pandemi COVID-19 pada kegiatan belajar mengajar di Universitas Mahendradatta. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 6 (enam) responden yang terdiri dari mahasiswa, orang tua dan dosen. Untuk keperluan kerahasiaan, responden diberi inisial R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 dan R6. Wawancara semi-terstruktur dilakukan dan daftar pertanyaan yang dikumpulkan untuk wawancara dikembangkan berdasarkan literatur terkait. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa di berbagai perguruan tinggi negeri / swasta di Bali. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat beberapa kendala yang dialami siswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar secara online yaitu penambahan biaya kuota internet yang meningkat hingga tiga kali lipat dari tarif biasanya, kemudian kendala sinyal internet mengakibatkan kegiatan belajar mengajar menjadi kurang efektif karena tersendat-sendatnya sinyal yang terkadang dapat memutus percakapan begitu saja, atau percakapan menjadi kurang jelas yang mengakibatkan salah komunikasi. Ada juga yang belum paham bagaimana cara menggunakan aplikasi tersebut, lalu kecanggihan atau type masing-masing hp atau laptop yang berbeda, yang menyebabkan perangkat elektronik tersebut terasa lebih berat pada memory atau ramnya. kemudian pada saat proses belajar mengajar berlangsung baterai lebih cepat habis, macet dan panas. Kemudian yang paling berbahaya adalah kesehatan mata yang bertahan lama di depan ponsel atau komputer atau laptop anda, akibat paparan radiasi yang tinggi dari layar atau LCD. Para orang tua juga mengeluhkan bahwa dengan belajar dari rumah, pengeluaran semakin meningkat, dan biaya UKT harus dibayar.
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Ananda, Ricki, und Muhammad Amin. „ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMASANGAN SEPULUH KAPASITOR KERAMIK 6.8 NF/ 100V TERHADAP PENGIRIMAN DAYA TANPA KABEL DENGAN RANGKAIAN ROYER“. JURTEKSI (Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi) 5, Nr. 1 (24.01.2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v5i1.301.
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Abstrack: Wireless usage is no longer only able to send data or files, power delivery or power transfer can be applied using wireless networking technology system or also called wireless energy transfer. Research purposes, to make prototype power wireless transfer by using royer oscilator circuit, and turning the load to the maximum with the minimum possible input. Using the 9.8 V input from Trafo 5A and changing the capacitor value of 6.8nf / 100v x10 C on the transmitter (coil transmitter bigger than coil receiver). Installation of each capacitor with a distance of 7 cm, give effect to maximal value increase, with Voltage 14.2 V, current 0.02 A, power 0.284 W and Decrease Freq 610.5 KHz. As for the distance of 12 cm also get a maximum value of 11.8 V voltage, current 0.02 A, and a decrease in Frequency 614 Khz. The greatest efficiency at both distances is obtained, and . To turn the load to the maximum (7 lamps used 7 W lamps with a total load 28 W), PWT connected to USB 5V, and connected to battery and booster converter circuit so the distance is 12 cm, obtained input voltage 2.2 and output voltage 47.8 V, with output power of 1.43 W, current 0.03 A, and percentage increase of 2072 voltage. Installation of capacitors affects the voltage values, current, distance and power on the receiver. To light a large load, used a series of booster converter to power 28 W load, with 3.7 V input on battery packed on USB 5V, type TP-4056. Keyword : Royer Oscillator circuit, Power wireless transfer, Booster converter circuit Abstrak: Penggunaan Wireless saat ini tidak lagi hanya bisa mengirim data atau file, pengiriman daya atau perpindahan daya bisa diterapkan menggunakan sistem teknologi jaringan nirkabel atau disebut juga wireless energy transfer. Tujuan penelitian, untuk membuat prototype power wireless transfer dengan menggunakan rangkaian royer oscilator, dan menyalakan beban secara maksimal dengan input seminimal mungkin. Dengan menggunakan input 9.8 V dari Trafo 5A dan perubahaan nilai kapasitor 6,8nf / 100v x10 C pada bagian transmitter (coil transmitter lebih besar dari coil receiver). Pemasangan tiap-tiap kapasitor dengan jarak 7 cm, memberi dampak peningkatan nilai maksimal, dengan Tegangan 14.2 V, arus 0.02 A, daya 0.284 W dan Penurunan Freq 610.5 KHz. Sedangkan untuk jarak 12 cm juga mendapatkan nilai maksimal tegangan 11.8 V, arus 0.02 A, dan penurunan Frequensi 614 Khz. Efisiensi terbesar pada kedua jarak tersebut didapat, dan . Untuk menyalakan beban secara maksimal (beban digunakan lampu 7 W sebanyak 4 lampu dengan total beban 28 W), PWT dihubungkan ke USB 5V, dan terhubung ke baterai dan rangkaian booster converter, sehingga jarak 12 cm, didapat input tegangan 2.2 dan keluaran tegangan 47.8 V, dengan daya keluaran 1.43 W, arus 0.03 A, dan Persentasi kenaikan tegangan 2072. Pemasangan kapasitor mempengaruhi nilai tegangan, arus,jarak dan daya pada receiver. Untuk menyalakan beban yang besar, digunakan rangkaian booster converter untuk menyalakan beban 28 W, dengan input 3.7 V pada baterai yang dicas pada USB 5V, jenis TP-4056. Kata Kunci : Rangkaian Royyer Oscillator, Power wireless transfer , Rangkain Booster
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Andrade Quizhpe, Livia Isabel, Geovanny Eduardo, Nairoby Jaqueline Pineda Cabrera, Carmen Delia Sánchez León, Julio Cesar Alvarado Chamba, Jhon Remigio Espinosa Iñiguez und Dolores Lucia Quinde. „Análisis de las variables psicosociales asociadas a la salud mental en los estudiantes de bachillerato de la ciudad de Loja“. Revista Boletín Redipe 8, Nr. 10 (01.10.2019): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v8i10.840.
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La salud mental y el consumo problemático de sustancias son considerados como un problema social y su estudio una prioridad. Los últimos avances en Psicología se centran en la necesidad de identificar variables de riesgo o protectoras en salud mental y consumo de sustancias. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la distribución de variables psicosociales como predictores e indicadores de salud mental y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de educación secundaria de la ciudad de Loja-Ecuador.
La investigación tiene un alcance descriptivo que nos permitió explicar y analizar las condiciones psicológicas y sociales que influyen directamente en la salud mental y al mismo tiempo revelar qué sucede con los adolescentes que se encuentran en situaciones de riesgo de consumo problemático de sustancias. Se evaluó una muestra de 118 estudiantes de primero y tercer año de bachillerato, en edades comprendidas entre 14 y 20 años, seleccionados por conveniencia mediante el muestreo casual-accidental (estudio de tipo no probabilístico) pertenecientes a tres instituciones educativas.
Para este estudio se utilizó una batería compuesta por nueve test: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Avoidance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-7), Type A Behavior Scale, Loneliness Scale Revised (UCLA), Brief Resilence Scale (BRS), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Patient Health Questionnaire of Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4), Satisfaction Life Question (LSQ) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico.
Los resultados indican que el 91% de los adolescentes, presentan un estrés que fluctúa entre moderado y bajo, y solo el 9% refieren tener estrés alto. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el tipo de institución educativa y estrés percibido, siendo mayor este en instituciones de tipo fiscomisional. Referente a la escolaridad quienes presentan niveles de estrés más alto, son alumnos de primer año de bachillerato en un 8,6%, mientras que los alumnos de tercero de bachillerato en un 0,7%, presentan niveles más bajos de estrés.
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ALLSOPP, PETER G. „Clarification of the status of the types of Australian Melolonthini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) described before 1950“. Zootaxa 4885, Nr. 4 (27.11.2020): 451–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.1.
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The status of the primary and sometimes secondary types of each of the species-level names within the Australian Melolonthini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) described by Ernst Germar, Hermann Burmeister, Charles Blanchard, William Macleay, Charles Waterhouse, Thomas Blackburn, Ernst Brenske, Anton Nonfried, Julius von Moser, Arthur Olliff, Arthur Lea, Gilbert Arrow, and Alexandre Girault are clarified. Lectotypes are designated for Antitrogus nigricornis Blackburn, 1911 (= Antitrogus tasmanicus (Burmeister, 1855)), Holophylla australis Blackburn, 1888 (Rhopaea australis), Holophylla furfuracea Burmeister, 1855 (Pseudholophylla furfuracea), Lepidioderma glaber Brenske, 1895 (= Dermolepida lixi (Nonfried, 1894)), Lepidioderma lansbergei Brenske, 1895 (= Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse, 1875)), Lepidioderma waterhousei Brenske, 1895 (= Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse, 1875)), Lepidiota bovilli Blackburn, 1912 (= Lepidiota rothei Blackburn, 1888), Lepidiota caudata Blackburn, 1890, Lepidiota darwini Blackburn, 1888 (= Lepidiota squamulata Waterhouse, 1875), Lepidiota deceptrix Blackburn, 1912 (= Lepidiota negatoria Blackburn, 1912), Lepidiota degener Blackburn, 1888, Lepidiota delicatula Blackburn, 1888, Lepidiota frenchi Blackburn, 1912, Lepidiota gilesi Blackburn, 1912, Lepidiota grata Blackburn, 1890, Lepidiota koebelei Blackburn, 1912 (= Lepidiota rothei Blackburn, 1888), Lepidiota laevis Arrow, 1932, Lepidiota leai Blackburn, 1912 (= Lepidiota squamulata Waterhouse, 1875), Lepidiota negatoria Blackburn, 1912, Lepidiota oblonga Brenske, 1900, Lepidiota perkinsi Blackburn, 1912, Lepidiota platyura Lea, 1924 (= Lepidiota podicalis Moser, 1913), Lepidiota rubrior Blackburn, 1912, Lepidiota rufa Blackburn, 1888, Lepidiota rugosipennis Lea, 1924 (= Lepidiota squamulata Waterhouse, 1875), Lepidiota sororia Moser, 1913, Lepidiota suavior Blackburn, 1912 (= Lepidiota delicatula Blackburn, 1888), Lepidioderma albohirtum Waterhouse, 1875 (Dermolepida albohirtum), Microrhopaea flavipennis Lea, 1920, Rhopaea assimilis Blackburn, 1911, Rhopaea callabonnensis Blackburn, 1894 (Pararhopaea callabonnensis), Rhopaea consanguinea Blackburn, 1911 (Antitrogus consanguineus), Rhopaea dubitans Blackburn, 1911 (= Antitrogus mussoni (Blackburn, 1892)), Rhopaea hirtuosa Blackburn, 1898, Rhopaea incognita Blackburn, 1911 (= Antitrogus morbillosus (Blackburn, 1898)), Rhopaea laticollis Blackburn, 1911, Rhopaea morbillosa Blackburn, 1898 (Antitrogus morbillosus), Rhopaea mussoni Blackburn, 1892 (Antitrogus mussoni), Rhopaea soror Blackburn, 1892 (= Rhopaea heterodactyla (Germar, 1848)), and Zietzia geologa Blackburn, 1894. The presumed type of Lepidiota consobrina Girault, 1918 is shown not to be from the type locality, and syntypes of Othnonius batesii Olliff, 1890, Rhizotrogus tasmanicus Burmeister, 1855 (Antitrogus tasmanicus), and Rhopaea verreauxii Blanchard, 1851 and the lectotype of Melolontha heterodactyla Germar, 1848 (Rhopaea heterodactyla) could not be located. The remaining species-level taxa either have had lectotypes designated previously or have valid holotypes. Paratypes or paralectotypes are also indicated for some species.
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Phu, Nguyen Van, Nguyen Huy Bang und Doai Van Le. „Giant cross-Kerr nonlinearity in a four-level Y-type atomic system“. Photonics Letters of Poland 13, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i1.1081.
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The analytical expression for the group index in a degenerated three-level lambda-type atomic system is derived as a function of the parameters of laser fields and external magnetic field. The influence of the external magnetic field on the group index is investigated. It is shown that by changing the magnitude or sign of the external magnetic field, the transparency window with normal dispersion switches to enhanced absorption with anomalous dispersion at the line center and hence the light propagation can be converted between subluminal and superluminal modes. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. W. Boyd, "Slow and fast light: fundamentals and applications", J. Mod. Opt. 56 (2009) 1908-1915 CrossRef K.J. Boller, A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, "Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593. CrossRef A. Lezama, S. Barreiro, and A. M. Akulshin, "Electromagnetically induced absorption", Phys. Rev. A 59 (1999) 4732-4735. CrossRef L. V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, C. H. Bejroozi, "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas", Nature 397, 594 (1999) CrossRef L. J. Wang, A. Kuzmich, and A. Dogariu, "Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation", Nature 406 (6793), 277-279 (2000) CrossRef A. V. Turukhin, V. S. Sudarshanam, M. S. Shahriar, J. A. Musser, B. S. Ham, P. R. Hammer, "Observation of Ultraslow and Stored Light Pulses in a Solid", Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 023602 (2002). CrossRef K. Bencheikh, E. Baldit, S. Briaudeau, P. Monnier, J. A. Levenson, and G. Mélin, "Slow light propagation in a ring erbium-doped fiber", Opt. Express 18 (25), 25642-25648 (2010). CrossRef E. E. Mikhailov, V. A. Sautenkov, I. Novikova, G. R. Welch, "Large negative and positive delay of optical pulses in coherently prepared dense Rb vapor with buffer gas", Phys. Rev. A 69, 063808 (2004). CrossRef E. E. Mikhailov, V. A. Sautenkov, Y. V. Rostovtsev, G.R. Welch, "Absorption resonance and large negative delay in rubidium vapor with a buffer gas", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 425 (2004). CrossRef A. M Akulshin and R. J McLean, "Fast light in atomic media", J. Opt. 12 (2010) 104001. CrossRef Vineet Bharti, Vasant Natarajan, "Sub- and super-luminal light propagation using a Rydberg state", Opt. Comm. 392 (2017) 180-184. CrossRef N.T. Anh, L.V. Doai, D.H. Son, and N.H. Bang, "Manipulating multi-frequency light in a five-level cascade EIT medium under Doppler broadening", Optik 171 (2018) 721-727. CrossRef N.T. Anh, L.V. Doai, and N.H. Bang, "Manipulating multi-frequency light in a five-level cascade-type atomic medium associated with giant self-Kerr nonlinearity", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35 (2018) 1233. CrossRef N.H. Bang, L.N.M. Anh, N.T. Dung and L.V. Doai, "Comparative Study of Light Manipulation in Three-Level Systems Via Spontaneously Generated Coherence and Relative Phase of Laser Fields*", Commun. Theor. Phys. 71 (2019) 947-954. CrossRef L.V. Doai, "The effect of giant Kerr nonlinearity on group velocity in a six-level inverted-Y atomic system", Physica Scripta 95 (2020) 035104 (7pp). CrossRef P. Kaur and A. Wasan, "Effect of magnetic field on the optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened multilevel Λ-system in Rb vapor", Eur. Phys. J. D 71 (2017) 78. CrossRef H. Cheng, H. -M. Wang, S. -S. Zhang, P. -P. Xin, J. Luo and H. -P. Liu, "Electromagnetically induced transparency of 87Rb in a buffer gas cell with magnetic field", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 (2017) 095401. CrossRef C. Mishra, A. Chakraborty, A. Srivastava, S. K. Tiwari, S. P. Ram, V. B. Tiwari and S. R. Mishr, "lectromagnetically induced transparency in Λ-systems of 87Rb atom in magnetic field", J. Mod. Opt. 65 (2018) 2269-2277. CrossRef S. H. Asadpour, H. R. Hamedi and H. R. Soleimani, "Slow light propagation and bistable switching in a graphene under an external magnetic field", Laser Phys. Lett. 12 (2015) 045202. CrossRef R. Karimi, S. H. Asadpour, S. Batebi and h. R. Soleimani, "Manipulation of pulse propagation in a four-level quantum system via an elliptically polarized light in the presence of external magnetic field", Mod. Phys. Lett. B 29 (2015) 1550185. CrossRef
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Anwar, Zainuri. „SPEED BREAKER SEBAGAI PENGGERAK GENERATOR LISTRIK“. Journal of Renewable Energy & Mechanics (REM) 3, Nr. 01 (28.02.2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/rem.2020.vol3.no01.3912.
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ABSTRACT
The kinetic energy was produced by a moving vehicle can be used to generate power by using a speed breaker. The kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy by altering a reciprocating connecting rod into rotation of flywheel, then it is transmitted to the generator in order to produce electrical energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the electrical energy generated from the crankshaft type speed breaker. Speed breaker used has 3 ramps with a maximum ramp height of 10 cm. the load and speed of vehicles passing the ramp are varied 72 kg, 82.5 kg, 88.7 kg at speeds of 5 km/h, 10 km/h, 15 km/h. The result of the study shows that a vehicle with the mass of 88,7 kg was able to generate a 19 V of electric voltage, 32 A of electric current and 486,4 Watts. That power is stored in a 12 V and 3 Ah batteries that needed 0.094 hour for charging.
Keywords: Flywheel, Generator, Kinetic energy, Speed breaker
ABSTRAK
Energi kinetik yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan yang bergerak dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan daya dengan menggunakan speed breaker. Energi kinetik diubah menjadi energi mekanik dengan mengubah batang penghubung bolak-balik menjadi rotasi roda gila, kemudian ditransmisikan ke generator untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui energi listrik yang dihasilkan dari speed breaker tipe poros engkol. speed breaker yang digunakan memiliki 3 ramp dengan tinggi maksimum ramp 10 cm. beban dan kecepatan kendaraan yang melewati ramp di variasikan masing - masing 72 kg, 82,5 kg, 88,7 kg dengan kecepatan 5 km/h, 10 km/h, 15km/h. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendaraan dengan massa 88,7 kg mampu menghasilkan tegangan listrik 19 V, arus listrik 32 A, dan 486,4 Watt. Daya itu disimpan dalam baterai 12 V dan 3 Ah yang membutuhkan 0,094 jam untuk diisi daya.
Kata kunci: Energi kinetik, Generator, Roda gila, Speed breaker
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Guillen-Betancort, Claudia, Guillermo Da Silva-Domingo, Josefa González Santos, Raquel De la Fuente-Anuncibay, Álvaro Da Silva González und Jerónimo Gonzalez Bernal. „TRATAMIENTO DE LA FRAGILIDAD Y APATÍA A TRAVÉS DE ACTIVIDADES PSICOMOTRICES EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER“. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 1, Nr. 2 (28.10.2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2016.n2.v1.561.
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Abstract.Objective: To implement an Occupational Therapy treatment in elderly people with dementia and frailtyMethod: A longitudinal study of a sample of 23 users, 14 women and 9 men aged between 71 and 92 is performed, the average age 84.66 years, users of a residence, presenting frailty and dementia. Carried out an initial assessment and final tests with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), participants attend occupational therapy sessions.Statistical analysis: it was performed nonparametric Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Mann Whitney U test.Results: We observed that the levels of fragility do not improve, there is no relationship of age with frailty, the level of apathy does not decrease with the intervention, there is no difference in the score of apathy or fragility by sex.Conclusions: the results indicate a maintenance of vital functions on both scales, which can be considered beneficial when dealing with degenerative processes.Keywords: fragility, apathy, dementia of Alzheimer’s disease type, psychomotor activities.Resumen.Objetivo: Implementar un tratamiento de Terapia Ocupacional en personas mayores con demencia y fragilidadMétodo: Se realiza un estudio longitudinal sobre una muestra de 23 usuarios, 14 mujeres y 9 hombres con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 92, siendo la edad media 84.66 años, usuarios de una residencia, que presentan fragilidad y demencia. Se lleva a cabo una evaluación inicial y otra final con las pruebas Batería Corta del Desempeño Físico (SPPB) y Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), los participantes asisten a sesiones de Terapia Ocupacional.Análisis estadístico: se llevan a cabo pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon, Correlación de Spearman y U de Mann Whitney.Resultados: se observa que los niveles de fragilidad no mejoran, que no hay relación de la edad con la fragilidad, el nivel de apatía no disminuye con la intervención, no existen diferencias en la puntuación de apatía ni fragilidad según el sexo.Conclusiones. los resultados indican un mantenimiento de las funciones vitales en ambas escalas, lo que se puede considerar beneficioso al tratarse de procesos degenerativos.Palabras clave: fragilidad, apatía, demencia tipo Alzhéimer, actividades psicomotrices.
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Valdes, Pablo, und Javier Yanci Irigoyen. „Análisis de la condición física, tipo de actividad física realizada y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación secundaria (Analysis of physical fitness, type of physical activity and academic performance in secondary school students)“. Retos, Nr. 30 (28.04.2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.36862.
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El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias en la condición física, los hábitos de práctica de actividad física y el expediente académico de alumnos/as de 4º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en función del sexo y del tipo de actividad física practicada. En esta investigación participaron 156 alumnos/as (15.34 ± .58 años, 1.69 ± .09 cm, 58.97 ± 9.36 kg, 20.51 ± 2.10 kg/m2), 79 de sexo masculino (MASC) y 77 de sexo femenino (FEM). La condición física de los participantes se evaluó a partir de una batería de test físicos. La tipología de la AF fue analizada a través de las respuestas a distintos cuestionarios sobre los hábitos de práctica de actividad física en adolescentes (Enkid, Fitnessgram, Pace o el PAQ-A). El rendimiento académico (RA) se valoró mediante la media aritmética de las calificaciones del expediente académico de los alumnos/as desde su entrada al instituto. Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio muestran que las chicas y los alumnos/as que practican actividad física extraescolar no competitiva (AF-NoCOMP) obtienen peores niveles (p < .05) de condición física en todas las cualidades excepto flexibilidad, pero mayores niveles de RA que los alumnos/as que practicaban AF competitiva (AF-COMP). Por el contrario, los chicos y los alumnos/as que practican AFCOMP tenían mejor condición física pero un menor RA. En conclusión, se observa de forma general que los chicos y los alumnos/as que realizan actividad física de carácter competitivo realizan una mayor frecuencia de AF por la tarde, obtienen mejores resultados en los test de condición física, pero sus niveles de RA son menores. Abstract. The aim of this study is to analyse the differences between physical fitness, the practise of physical activity (PA) and the academic performance (AP) of students of 4th grade of Secondary School. These differences are analysed as a function of gender and PA. 156 students took part in this study (15.34 ± .58 age, 1.69 ± .09 cm, 58.97 ± 9.36 kg, 20.51 ± 2.10 kg/m2), 56 male and 77 female. The participants’ physical fitness was evaluated by means of physical tests. PA was analyzed using different questionnaires (Enkid, Fitnessgram, Pace, or PAQ-A) assessing the teenagers’ physical activity habits. AP was evaluated using the arithmetic mean from the students’ high school academic records. The results of this study showed that girls and students who practise non-competitive PA have worse levels (p < .05) of physical fitness in every component analysed except flexibility, but their AP is higher. On the other hand, boys and students who practise competitive PA have better physical fitness and worse AP. To sum up, boys and students who participate in competitive PA show generally a higher frequency of PA practice during the afternoon. Furthermore, they obtain better results in physical fitness tests, even though their AP is worse.
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Erwin, Terry L. „ARBOREAL BEETLES OF TROPICAL FORESTS: THE XYSTOSOMI GROUP, SUBTRIBE XYSTOSOMINA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: BEMBIDIINI). PART I. CHARACTER ANALYSIS, TAXONOMY, AND DISTRIBUTION“. Canadian Entomologist 126, Nr. 3 (Juni 1994): 549–666. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent126549-3.
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AbstractA group of subarboreal tropical beetles, the Xystosomi of subtribe Xystosomina new subtribe, is revised and reclassified based on a reevaluation of structural characters. Xystosomi are found in tropical Australia (Queensland) and tropical/subtropical America (Guerrero, México, to Aguas Blancas, Argentina). The largest concentration of species occurs near the equator in the Amazon Basin, but a significant radiation of flightless forms was recently discovered in the northern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Xystosomina also includes the Mioptachyi, which at present is composed of the genera Mioptachys and Inpa.Seventy-six species of Neotropical and Australian Xystosomi are described or re-described, illustrated, or keyed. This assemblage includes 12 classic species, 24 species described in the last 3 decades, and 40 new species, a 6-fold increase since the time of Henry Walter Bates, the last 19th-century entomologist to study this remarkable lineage of carabid beetles. The Xystosomi are now arrayed in five genera: Philipis gen.nov. (type: Tachys trunci Darlington, Australia), Geballusa gen.nov. (type: Xystosomus microtretus Erwin, Costa Rica), Gouleta gen.nov. (type: Bembidion cayennense Dejean, Brazil), Batesiana gen.nov. (type: Xystosomus gruti Bates, Brazil), and Xystosomus Schaum (type: Xystosomus inflatus Schaum, Brazil).The following specific taxa are described as new (type-locality in parentheses): Geballusa rex (Brazil: 06°02′N 050°17′W), oligotreta (Panamá: 08°40′N 079°56′W), nannotreta (Brazil: 02°54′S 059°57′W), Gouleta gentryi (Perú: 12°50′S 069°20′W), Batesiana para (Brazil: 01°22′S 048°20′W), angustia (Perú: 05°08′S 074°45′W), samiria (Perú: 05°08′S 074°45′W), esheje (Perú: 05°08′S 074°45′W), crassa (Perú: 03°15′S 072°55′W), notesheje (Perú: 03°15′S 072°55′W), manusculptilis (Perú: 12°07′S 070°58′W), parapara (Brazil: 02°28′S 046°26′W), am (Perú: 05°08′S 074°45′W), indetecticostis (Ecuador: 00°57′S 077°48′W), nox (Ecuador: 00°57′S 077°48′W), parkeri (Perú: 03°15′S 072°55′W), hamatilis (Ecuador: 01°02′S 077°40′W), notparkeri (Colombia: 00°08′N 075°51′W), pfunorum (Perú: 03°15′S 072°55′W), quadrata (Perú: 03°15′S 072°55′W), protosculptilis (Perú: 12°50′S 069°20′W), misahualli (Ecuador: 01°02′S 077°40′W), depressisculptilis (Ecuador: 01°02′S 077°40′W), irisculptilis (Ecuador: 00°24′S 076°37′W), foveosculptilis (Brazil: 02°28′S 046°26′W), punctisculptilis (Perú: 03°15′S 072°55′W), eugeneae (Perú: 11°56′47″S 071°17′00″W), anchicaya (Colombia: 03°43′N 076°57′W), jefe (Panamá: 09°12′N 079°21′W), exigupunctata (Perú: 05°08′S 074°45′W), rosebudae (Ecuador: 00°57′S 077°48′W), equanegrei (Ecuador: 00°57′S 077°48′W), henryi (Ecuador: 00°28′S 077°53′W), baeza (Ecuador: 00°57′S 077°48′W), huacamayas (Ecuador: 00°28′S 077°53′W), dannyi (Ecuador: 00°57′S 077°48′W), alticola (Colombia: 04°21′S 074°22′W), jacupiranga (Brazil: 24°42′S 048°00′W), chiriboga (Ecuador: 00°15′S 078°44′W), wygo (Colombia: 04°53′N 074°31′W).The following names are resurrected from synonymy for good species: hilaris Bates and belti Bates. Several name combinations were changed as a result of the generic reorganization: Philipis trunci (Darlington), Geballusa microtreta (Erwin), G. polytreta (Erwin), Gouleta notiophiloides (Erwin), G. spangleri (Erwin), G. cayennense (Dejean), Batesiana bisulcifrons (Erwin), B. negrei (Erwin), B. hilaris (Bates), B. belti (Bates), B. ampliata (Bates), B. strigosa (Bates), B. gruti (Bates), B. nigripalpis (Erwin), B. villiersi (Perrault), B. apicisulcata (Erwin), B. iris (Erwin), B. sculpticollis (Bates), B. sulcicostis (Bates), B. anterocostis (Erwin), B. ovatula (Bates), B. grossipunctata (Erwin), B. batesi (Erwin), B. seriata (Erwin), B. sublaevis (Bates), B. aetholia (Erwin), B. parainsularis (Erwin), NEW COMBINATIONS.Results of the Xystosomi character analysis provided impetus for a reanalysis of the classification of the major lineages of the more inclusive group, Bembidiini, to discover where the Xystosomi might belong and, in turn, if our understanding of the Bembidiini itself needed adjustment. These results are implied in Part I, but presented in detail in a separate paper, Part II. Phylogeny and Zoogeography, along with supplemental taxonomic information.
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Gfeller, Kate, Jacob Oleson, John F. Knutson, Patrick Breheny, Virginia Driscoll und Carol Olszewski. „Multivariate Predictors of Music Perception and Appraisal by Adult Cochlear Implant Users“. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 19, Nr. 02 (Februar 2008): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19.2.3.
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The research examined whether performance by adult cochlear implant recipients on a variety of recognition and appraisal tests derived from real-world music could be predicted from technological, demographic, and life experience variables, as well as speech recognition scores. A representative sample of 209 adults implanted between 1985 and 2006 participated. Using multiple linear regression models and generalized linear mixed models, sets of optimal predictor variables were selected that effectively predicted performance on a test battery that assessed different aspects of music listening. These analyses established the importance of distinguishing between the accuracy of music perception and the appraisal of musical stimuli when using music listening as an index of implant success. Importantly, neither device type nor processing strategy predicted music perception or music appraisal. Speech recognition performance was not a strong predictor of music perception, and primarily predicted music perception when the test stimuli included lyrics. Additionally, limitations in the utility of speech perception in predicting musical perception and appraisal underscore the utility of music perception as an alternative outcome measure for evaluating implant outcomes. Music listening background, residual hearing (i.e., hearing aid use), cognitive factors, and some demographic factors predicted several indices of perceptual accuracy or appraisal of music. La investigación examinó si el desempeño, por parte de adultos receptores de un implante coclear, sobre una variedad de pruebas de reconocimiento y evaluación derivadas de la música del mundo real, podrían predecirse a partir de variables tecnológicas, demográficas y de experiencias de vida, así como de puntajes de reconocimiento del lenguaje. Participó una muestra representativa de 209 adultos implantados entre 1965 y el 2006. Usando múltiples modelos de regresión lineal y modelos mixtos lineales generalizados, se seleccionaron grupos de variables óptimas de predicción, que pudieran predecir efectivamente el desempeño por medio de una batería de pruebas que permitiera evaluar diferentes aspectos de la apreciación musical. Estos análisis establecieron la importancia de distinguir entre la exactitud en la percepción musical y la evaluación de estímulos musicales cuando se utiliza la apreciación musical como un índice de éxito en la implantación. Importantemente, ningún tipo de dispositivo o estrategia de procesamiento predijo la percepción o la evaluación musical. El desempeño en el reconocimiento del lenguaje no fue un elemento fuerte de predicción, y llegó a predecir primariamente la percepción musical cuando los estímulos de prueba incluyeron las letras. Adicionalmente, las limitaciones en la utilidad de la percepción del lenguaje a la hora de predecir la percepción y la evaluación musical, subrayan la utilidad de la percepción de la música como una medida alternativa de resultado para evaluar la implantación coclear. La música de fondo, la audición residual (p.e., el uso de auxiliares auditivos), los factores cognitivos, y algunos factores demográficos predijeron varios índices de exactitud y evaluación perceptual de la música.
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Hernández-Sánchez, Adrián, Ernestina Gutiérrez-Vázquez, Carlos Alberto Villalba-Sánchez, Rosa Elena Pérez- Sánchez, Ruy Ortiz-Rodríguez und Aureliano Juárez-Caratachea. „Comportamiento productivo en primer ciclo de gallinas rhode island rojas y plymouth rock barradas“. South Florida Journal of Development 2, Nr. 4 (15.08.2021): 5157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-015.
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RESUMEN
Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de gallinas Rhode Island Rojas (RIR) y Plymouth Rock Barradas (PRB), durante el primer ciclo de postura, bajo las condiciones ambientales de la región del Altiplano en el estado de Michoacán, México. Para ello se utilizaron 26 gallinas doble propósito, distribuidas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: 13 RIR y 13 PRB de 20 semanas de edad, colocadas en jaulas individuales convencionales tipo batería; durante el período experimental (noviembre de 2019 a octubre de 2020), recibieron alimento comercial especial para gallinas en postura y agua, ambos ad libitum. Las variables bajo control fueron: peso vivo inicial (PVi), peso vivo final (PVf), consumo de alimento (CA), peso del huevo (PH), porcentaje de postura (%P), huevos por ciclo (HPC), masa de huevo (MH), índices morfométricos (IM), índices productivos (IP). Los resultados más relevantes en los genotipos RIR y PRB fueron: PVi y PVf, 2.019 vs. 2.160 kg y 2.105 vs. 2.300 kg respectivamente (P<0.05); CA, RIR 124.1 vs. PRB 131.8 g (P<0.05); PH y %P para RIR y PRB: 59.4 vs. 61.2 g, 82.5 vs. 64.8 % (P<0.05) respectivamente; HPC y MH: 287.3 vs. 226.8 y 17.217 vs. 13.721 kg para RIR y PRB (P<0.0001) en su orden. En conclusión, las gallinas del genotipo Rhode Island Rojas mostraron mejor comportamiento productivo que sus contemporáneas Plymouth Rock Barradas.
ABSTRACT
The productive behavior of Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Plymouth Rock Barradas (PRB) hens was evaluated during the first laying cycle under the environmental conditions of the Altiplano region in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. For this purpose, 26 dual-purpose hens were used, randomly distributed in two groups: 13 RIR and 13 PRB of 20 weeks of age, placed in individual conventional battery type cages; during the experimental period (November 2019 to October 2020), they received special commercial feed for laying hens and water, both ad libitum. The variables under control were: initial live weight (PVi), final live weight (PVf), feed consumption (CA), egg weight (PH), laying percentage (%P), eggs per cycle (HPC), egg mass (MH), morphometric indices (IM), productive indices (IP). The most relevant results in RIR and PRB genotypes were: PVi and PVf, 2.019 vs. 2.160 kg and 2.105 vs. 2.300 kg respectively (P<0.05); CA, RIR 124.1 vs. PRB 131.8 g (P<0. 05); PH and %P for RIR and PRB: 59.4 vs. 61.2 g, 82.5 vs. 64.8 % (P<0.05) respectively; HPC and MH: 287.3 vs. 226.8 and 17.217 vs. 13.721 kg for RIR and PRB (P<0.0001) in their order. In conclusion, hens of the Rhode Island Red genotype showed better productive performance than their Plymouth Rock Barradas contemporaries.
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Nurfitria, Leila, Susanto Sambasri und Salita Ulitia Prini. „Sistem Alarm Penggantian Cairan Infus Berbasis Mikrokontroler menggunakan Wireless“. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 7, Nr. 3 (22.05.2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2020731837.
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<p class="Abstrak">Terdapat kasus rumah sakit yang memiliki jumlah pasien yang lebih banyak daripada perawat jaga sehingga dapat menyebabkan kelalaian dalam pengontrolan sehingga menyebabkan adanya masalah pada sistem organ dikarenakan penggantian cairan infus dilakukan terlambat atau bahkan cairan infus tidak menetes akibat kesalahan alat, sehingga harus dibuat sistem notifikasi untuk pengontrolan cairan infus di rumah sakit menggunakan mikrokontroler dan terhubung secara <em>wireless</em> ke ruang perawat. Perancangan sistem alarm infus ini menggunakan photodioda dan inframerah sebagai pendeteksi ada tidaknya cairan infus yang menetes, serta untuk menghitung volume cairan infus. Sistem alarm ini akan terhubung ke sebuah <em>buzzer</em> yang terdapat di ruang jaga secara <em>wireless</em> dengan tipe nRF2401L dengan menggunakan sistem minimum arduino nano 328p. Sistem catu daya menggunakan baterai lithium yang dapat di charge melalui USB sehingga alat ini menjadi <em>portable</em> dengan bantuan modul TP4056. Alarm akan berbunyi pada dua kondisi yaitu ketika cairan tidak menetes dan ketika cairan <100 mL. Hasil pengujian sistem untuk perhitungan tetesan/menit memiliki korelasi 0.9866 yang berarti korelasi sangat kuat dan linier antara nilai ukur dan nilai hitung. Sementara untuk pengujian sistem alarm berfungsi dengan baik ketika cairan tidak menetes dalam waktu 7 s alarm berbunyi dan ketika cairan <100 mL alarm juga akan langsung berbunyi. Jarak efektif untuk pengiriman data melalui wireless yaitu pada jarak 4 m - 6 m.</p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>Some hospitals that have a larger number of patients than nurse duty so as to cause negligence in controlling causing problems in the organs system due to fluid replacement is done late or even infusion fluid does not drip due to faulty tool, so we created notification system for control hospital infusion fluid using a microcontroller and wireless connected to the nurses room</em><em>. </em><em>The design of this infusion alarm system using photodioda and infrared as a detector of the presence of infusion fluids that drip, as well as to calculate the volume of intravenous fluids. This alarm system will connect to a buzzer contained in the duty space wirelessly with type nRF2401L using a minimum</em><em> system</em><em> arduino nano 328p. The power supply system uses lithium batteries that can be charged via USB so that the device becomes portable with the help of TP4056 module. The alarm will sound in two conditions when the liquid does not drip and when the liquid is <100 mL. System test results for the calculation of droplets / minute has a correlation of 0.9866 which means the correlation is very strong and linear between the value of measuring and calculating value. As for testing the alarm system works well when the liquid does not drip within 7 s, alarm already sounds and when the fluid <100 mL alarm will immediately sound. Effective distance for sending data via wireless which is at a distance of 4 m - 6 m.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
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Fitria, Tira Nur. „Students’ Perception toward the Implementation of Synchronous Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in English Language Teaching (ELT)“. E-Structural 4, Nr. 01 (01.06.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v4i01.4470.
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Abstract. During COVID-19 pandemic, educators implement online learning in the education process. Basic interactive models of online learning available, such as synchronous learning, as a face-to-face learning process through online media. This research investigates the students’ perception toward the implementation of synchronous learning in ELT especially TOEFL. This research is qualitative. The results show that: 1) 51 % of students use Zoom and Live YouTube in learning TOEFL. 2) 89.7 % of students use mobile phones in online learning. 3) 49.7 % of students agree that Zoom has complete features. 4) 83.2 % of students agree that operating Zoom’s features is very easy. 5) 74.2 % of students agree that Zoom is easy-used. 6) 72.9 % of students agree that using Zoom in learning TOEFL is effective. 7) 73 % of students agree that using Live YouTube in learning TOEFL also effective. 8) 63.9 % agree that in Zoom, they can participate by face-to-face interactions (e.g. question-answer even discussion with lecturer and classmates. 9) 95.5 % of students agree that using YouTube, videos can be seen anytime and anywhere because videos are stored on the lecturer’s channel. In the understanding level of TOEFL, 83.2 % of students really understand in the listening section, 89.7 % of students understand the reading section, and 81.3 % of students understand the Structure and Written Expression section. Several problems affect learning TOEFL with Zoom and YouTube. Students have a problem with an internet connection. The other problems are internet quota, technical problems of the device (e.g battery, device dead suddenly, audio quality, device’s video/audio, and others), device’s type used, and surrounding conditions (e.g light conditions, sounds, or other disturbances). In the next learning system, 80.6 % of students agree that the next learning system implements face-to-face learning and still uses Zoom and YouTube Live Streaming. Keywords: ELT, synchronous learning, TOEFL, YouTube, Zoom Abstrak. Selama pandemi COVID-19, para pendidik menerapkan pembelajaran online dalam proses pendidikan. Model pembelajaran online interaktif dasar yang tersedia, seperti pembelajaran sinkron, sebagai proses pembelajaran tatap muka melalui media online. Penelitian ini mengkaji persepsi siswa terhadap penerapan pembelajaran sinkron di ELT khususnya TOEFL. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) 51% siswa menggunakan Zoom dan Live YouTube dalam pembelajaran TOEFL. 2) 89,7% siswa menggunakan ponsel dalam pembelajaran online. 3) 49,7% siswa setuju bahwa Zoom memiliki fitur yang lengkap. 4) 83,2% siswa setuju bahwa mengoperasikan fitur Zoom sangat mudah. 5) 74,2% siswa setuju bahwa Zoom mudah digunakan. 6) 72,9% siswa setuju bahwa menggunakan Zoom in learning TOEFL efektif. 7) 73% siswa setuju bahwa menggunakan Live YouTube dalam pembelajaran TOEFL juga efektif. 8) 63,9% setuju bahwa dengan Zoom, mereka dapat berpartisipasi dengan interaksi tatap muka (misalnya tanya jawab bahkan diskusi dengan dosen dan teman sekelas. 9) 95,5% mahasiswa setuju bahwa dengan menggunakan YouTube, video dapat dilihat kapan saja dan di mana saja karena video disimpan di saluran dosen. Pada tingkat pemahaman TOEFL, 83,2% siswa sangat memahami bagian menyimak, 89,7% siswa memahami bagian membaca, dan 81,3% siswa memahami bagian Struktur dan Ekspresi Tertulis. Beberapa masalah memengaruhi pembelajaran TOEFL dengan Zoom dan YouTube. Siswa memiliki masalah dengan koneksi internet. Masalah lainnya adalah kuota internet, masalah teknis perangkat (misal baterai, perangkat mati mendadak, kualitas audio, video/audio perangkat, dan lain-lain), jenis perangkat yang digunakan, dan kondisi sekitarnya (misal kondisi cahaya, suara, atau gangguan lainnya). Pada sistem pembelajaran selanjutnya, 80,6% siswa setuju bahwa sistem pembelajaran selanjutnya menerapkan pembelajaran tatap muka dan masih menggunakan Zoom dan YouTube Live Streaming.Kata kunci: ELT, pembelajaran sinkronus, TOEFL, YouTube, Zoom
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CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ, Miguel Ángel. „En torno a la tutela de instituciones y símbolos en el debate público“. RVAP 113, Nr. 113 (30.04.2019): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.113.2019.02.
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LABURPENA: Azken urteotan, adierazpen-askatasunaren eremuan interpretazio murriztaile bat egiteko joera agertu da, bai jurisprudentzia arruntean, bai konstituzioarenean. Hori nabarmena da sinboloen eta erakundeen babesaren eremuan: Zigor Kodean hainbat aurreikuspen jaso dira, Konstituzioaren aurkako delituei eskainitako titulu batean. Zigor-mota horien oinarrian, sinbolo eta erakunde horien kontzepzio sakralizatzailea dago, eta eduki anitzeko ondasun juridikoen identifikazioa eta aplikazio zabala. Horri gorroto-diskurtsoaren figura erantsi zaio batzuetan, baina testuingurutik aterata eta bereak dituen interpretazioirizpiderik gabe; hala, figura horren edukia esajeratuz, harekin zerikusirik ez duten egoeretan aplikatu da. Horretaz gain, epaitutako egitateak kasu-mota horien barruan definitzeko orduan, organo judizialek subjektibismo edo hunkiberatasun nabarmena erakutsi dute askotan, eta horrek asko baldintzatzen du egitateez egiten duten kalifikazioa. Horregatik, ondorioztatu da adierazpen-askatasuna alde batera geratzen dela, eta bere efikazia nabarmen murriztuta, baztertzen delako, funtsik gabe, erakundeak eta sinboloak kritikatzeko aukera. ABSTRACT: In the last few years, there has occurred a trend towards a restrictive interpretation of the scope of freedom of expression in both ordinary and constitutional case law. One of the areas in which this was most evident is the protection of symbols and institutions, which were the objects of a series of provisions in the Criminal Code with a whole title devoted to crimes against the Constitution. The application of this type of penalties has departed from a sacralizing conception of such symbols and institutions, and from the identification of legal assets of multiple content and expansive application. This has sometimes been accompanied with the use of the figure of hate speech, but out of context and without their own interpretative criteria, so that by exaggerating their content they end up been applied to situations that in fact have nothing to do with it. A significant judicial subjectivism or emotivism is added to them when it comes to define the facts to be judged, which strongly shapes the subsequent qualification of them. This leads to the conclusion that freedom of expression is shifted and its effectiveness substantially diminished in the name of an incorrect exclusion of institutions and symbols of the possibility of being criticized. RESUMEN: En los últimos años se ha producido una tendencia que apunta hacia una interpretación restrictiva del ámbito de la libertad de expresión en la jurisprudencia tanto ordinaria como constitucional. Uno de los terrenos en que esto se ha dado de modo más evidente ha sido el de la protección de los símbolos y las instituciones, objeto de una serie de previsiones en el Código Penal en un título dedicado a los delitos contra la Constitución. La aplicación de estos tipos penales ha partido de una concepción sacralizadora de tales símbolos e instituciones, y de la identificación de bienes jurídicos de contenido múltiple y aplicación expansiva. A ello se ha unido en ocasiones el recurso a la figura del discurso del odio, pero sacada de contexto y sin los criterios de interpretación que le son propios, de modo que exagerando su contenido acaba aplicándose a situaciones que en realidad no tienen que ver con ella. Se añade a lo anterior la frecuente presencia de un apreciable subjetivismo o emotividad por parte del órgano judicial a la hora de definir en este tipo de casos los hechos enjuiciados, lo que condiciona fuertemente la posterior calificación de los mismos. De ello se extrae como conclusión que la libertad de expresión se ve desplazada y su eficacia sustancialmente aminorada, en nombre de una incorrecta exclusión de las instituciones y los símbolos de la posibilidad de ser objeto de crítica.
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Torres, Hugo Alexander Jaramillo, Rocío Esperanza Patiño Burbano und José Luis Rodríguez Bautista. „Detección de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis en heces de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) utilizando una metodología microbiológica y una molecular“. Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 9, Nr. 2 (09.01.2009): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol9_num2_art:119.
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<p>En este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño de dos metodologías, una microbiológica y una molecular basada en la amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), para la detección de <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis </em>en heces de cuyes. La evaluación de cada una de las metodologías se realizó teniendo en cuenta su sensibilidad y especificidad analítica, así como su costo económico, tiempo y complejidad. La detección molecular de <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis </em>se realizó por PCR anidada usando iniciadores específicos para el gen de virulencia cromosomal <em>inv</em>, mientras que en los ensayos microbiológicos la identificación bacteriana se hizo mediante una batería comercial de perfiles bioquímicos<em>. </em>Se estandarizó un protocolo de amplificación en materia fecal, el cual redujo el efecto negativo que causan los inhibidores de la PCR presentes en muestras de esta naturaleza. La sensibilidad analítica más alta se observó con la metodología en la que se combinó preenriquecimiento, aislamiento microbiológico y PCR, con un rango de detección entre 1,5 x 104 y 1,5 x 103 unidades formadoras de colonias por gramo (ufc/g) de material fecal; mientras que la mayor sensibilidad obtenida en PCR anidada fue de 1,5 x 105 ufc/g de materia fecal. Tanto la metodología microbiológica como la molecular presentaron ventajas en los ensayos en los que se usó materia fecal estéril experimentalmente inoculada. Sin embargo, en muestras de materia fecal sin esterilizar la detección del microorganismo se dificultó al utilizar una única metodología, por lo que se sugiere combinar técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares para obtener un mejor desempeño diagnóstico. </p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis </em></strong><strong>detection in feces of guinea pigs (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) using microbiological and molecular methods </strong></p><p>The suitability of two methodologies, a conventional microbiological method and a molecular method, based on amplifications by Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the detection of <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis </em>in feces of guinea pig. The analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity, as well as the economic cost, time and complexity for each method were evaluated. Molecular detection of <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis </em>was done by a nested PCR with specific primers for the <em>inv </em>chromosomal virulence gene. The microbiological confirmation was done by using a commercial identification kit. In order to reduce the side effect caused by PCR inhibitors that are normally present in feces, an amplification protocol for such type of samples was standardized. The highest sensitivity level was observed in the method that combined pre-enrichment, microbiological isolation and PCR. This method was able to detect bacterial concentrations between 1.5 x 104 and 1.5 x 103 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feces, whereas the highest diagnostic sensitivity level obtained by nested PCR was 1.5 x 105 CFU/g of feces. Both, the molecular and the microbiological methodologies, had advantages with experimentally inoculated sterile feces. Since the detection of the microorganism on samples of non-sterilized feces was difficult using either method, the use of a combination of microbiological and molecular techniques is suggested to get a better diagnostic performance for the detection of this pathogen. </p><p> </p>
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Toribio Briñas, Luis. „PRIORIZAR LA COMPETENCIA APRENDER A APRENDER EN LAS PROGRAMACIONES Y UNIDADES DIDÁCTICAS“. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 7, Nr. 1 (30.01.2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v7.784.
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Abstract.Basic assembly to capture on curriculum design and development Skills, the Learning to Learn is essential for several reasons: first, because the educational paradigm of Lifelong Learning which enshrines the European Union, requires citizens to be suitable for acquiring an ever changing , available at various sources of information, especially that provided by virtual environments, and the ability to apply and use it indifferent contexts , knowledge being in a professional environment where they are going to make clear the acquisition that power. Moreover, this competition covers and covers a wide range of areas, dimensions and indicators of other skills that are essential, the Autonomous Learning goes beyond the cognitive aspects , having special relevance the emotional, something that becomes even more apparent given the interrelated and inclusiveness that characterizes the Basic Skills.The European Higher Education promotes a type of learning in more autonomous and flexible student who required him, among other things, but as a priority , knowledge , control and application of cognitive and emotional factors brought into play during the learning processes. In this paper , we begin by defining the concept and the basic guidelines of this competition lines from psychological approaches that deal with the Meta Cognition, until the underlying socioeconomic and sociopolitical fonts in documents and OECD guidelines (draft DESECO), European Union (program working groups 2010 and 2020), or the Ministry of Education itself . The core of this paper consists in selecting a set of fields , dimensions , sub - dimensions and indicators of competency assessment to learning that will help teachers to design and develop their Schedules and teaching units in forms of Assessment Objectives and Indicators . We end by outlining what the best organizational strategies at plant level , methodological classroom level and individual as well as the different types of activities , materials and resources (as we saw in the seven modules and eight) that are better suited for work this important competition.Keywords: learning to learn, teaching programs , assessment indicators , methodological and organizational strategies.Resumen.Del conjunto de Competencias Básicas a plasmar en el diseño y desarrollo curricular, la de Aprender a Aprender es esencial por varios motivos: en primer lugar, porque con el paradigma educativo del Lifelong Learning que consagra la Unión Europea, exige que los ciudadanos se adecuen a la adquisición de un conocimiento cada vez más cambiante, disponible en varias fuentes de información, especialmente la que proporcionan los entornos virtuales, y con la capacidad de aplicarlo y utilizarlo indiferentes contextos, siendo en el entorno profesional donde más se va a hacer evidente la adquisición de dicha competencia. Por otro lado, esta competencia abarca y engloba un amplio conjunto de ámbitos, dimensiones e indicadores de otras competencias que son esenciales, el Aprendizaje Autónomo va más allá de los aspectos cognitivos, teniendo especia relevancia los aspectos emocionales, algo que se hace aún más patente dado el carácter interrelacionado e integrador que caracteriza las Competencias Básicas.El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, promueve un tipo de aprendizaje en el alumno más autónomo y flexible que exigirá de él, entre otras cosas, aunque de forma prioritaria, el conocimiento, control y aplicación de los factores cognitivos y emocionales puestos en juego durante los procesos de aprendizaje. En la presente ponencia, comenzaremos delimitando el concepto y las líneas directrices básicas de esta competencia, desde los enfoques psicológicos que tienen que ver con la Meta Cognición, hasta las fuentes socio políticas y socio económicos subyacentes en los documentos y directrices de la OCDE (proyecto DESECO), de la Unión Europea (grupos de trabajo del programa 2010 y 2020), o el propio Ministerio de Educación. El núcleo central de la presente ponencia consiste en la selección de una batería de ámbitos, dimensiones, sub-dimensiones e indicadores de evaluación de la competencia de Aprender a Aprender que servirán al profesorado para el diseño y el desarrollo de sus Programaciones y Unidades Didácticas en formas de Objetivos e Indicadores de Evaluación. Finalizaremos esbozando cuáles son las mejores estrategias organizativas a nivel de centro, metodológicas a nivel de aula e individual, así como los diferentes tipos de actividades, materiales y recursos didácticos (según lo que vimos en los módulos siete y ocho) que mejor se adecuan para trabajar esta competencia tan importante.Palabras Clave: aprender a aprender; programaciones didácticas; indicadores de evaluación; estrategias metodológicas y organizativas.
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BROCK, PAUL D., und JACK HASENPUSCH. „Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography“. Zootaxa 1570, Nr. 1 (31.08.2007): 1–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1570.1.1.
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The Australian phasmid fauna has been revised prior to publication of a field guide by the same authors. Six new genera are described: Austrosipyloidea Brock & Hasenpusch, Cornicandovia Hasenpusch & Brock, Davidrentzia Brock & Hasenpusch, Micropodacanthus Brock & Hasenpusch, Paratropidoderus Brock & Hasenpusch and Spinosipyloidea Hasenpusch & Brock. Sixteen new species from various parts of Australia are described and figured: Candovia robinsoni Brock & Hasenpusch, Rhamphosipyloidea palumensis Hasenpusch & Brock, Scionecra milledgei Hasenpusch & Brock, Sipyloidea brevicerci Hasenpusch & Brock, Sipyloidea garradungensis Hasenpusch & Brock, Sipyloidea larryi Hasenpusch & Brock, Sipyloidea lewisensis Hasenpusch & Brock, Sipyloidea rentzi Brock & Hasenpusch, Sipyloidea whitei Brock & Hasenpusch, Spinosipyloidea doddi Hasenpusch & Brock [all Necrosciinae], Pachymorpha spinosa Brock & Hasenpusch [Pachymorphinae], Davidrentzia valida Brock & Hasenpusch [Platycraninae], Micropodacanthus mouldsi Brock & Hasenpusch, Micropodacanthus sztrakai Brock & Hasenpusch, Paratropidoderus spinosus Brock & Hasenpusch and Podacanthus keyi Brock & Hasenpusch [Tropidoderinae]. A number of new combinations are proposed, new synonyms and incorrect synonymy corrected following detailed examination of type and other material: 1. (Lonchodinae): Austrocarausius Brock, 2000: Carausius macerrimus Brunner, 1907 is a new synonym of Austrocarausius nigropunctatus (Kirby, 1896). Denhama Werner, 1912: D. austrocarinata (Otte & Brock, 2005), D. longiceps (Brunner, 1907), D. striata (Sjöstedt, 1918) and D. eutrachelia (Westwood, 1859) are transferred from Hyrtacus Stål, 1875, the latter species also removed from synonymy with Hyrtacus coenosa (Gray, 1833). D. gracilis (Sjöstedt, 1918), a former Marcenia species, is also transferred. Hyrtacus Stål, 1875 (= Marcenia Sjöstedt, 1918 syn. n.): H. caurus (Tepper, 1905) comb. n. transferred from Lonchodes Gray, 1835 (three new synonyms also reported for this species: Bacillus peristhenellus Tepper, 1905, Hyrtacus cunctatrix (Sjöstedt, 1918) and Hyrtacus nigrogranulosus Sjöstedt, 1918). Marcenia frenchi (Wood-Mason, 1877) is a new synonym of Hyrtacus tuberculatus Stål, 1875. 2. (Necrosciinae): Austrosipyloidea Brock & Hasenpusch, gen. n.: A. carterus (Westwood, 1859) comb. n., transferred from Sipyloidea Brunner, 1893 (= Sipyloidea filiformis Redtenbacher, 1908 syn. n.). Candovia Stål, 1875 is removed from synonymy with Hyrtacus, along with the type species, C. coenosa. This has resulted in all former Australian species placed in Parasipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908 being transferred to Candovia i.e. C. aberrata (Brunner, 1907) comb. n., C. annulata (Brunner, 1907) comb. n., C. granulosa (Brunner, 1907) comb. n., C. pallida (Sjöstedt, 1918), comb. n., C. spurcata (Brunner, 1907) comb. n. and C. strumosa (Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. In addition, C. evoneobertii (Zompro & Adis, 2001) comb. n. and C. peridromes (Westwood, 1859) comb. n. (including its new synonyms Clitarchus longipes Brunner, 1907, Bacunculus tener Brunner, 1907 and E. cercatus (Redtenbacher, 1908)) are transferred from Echetlus Stål, 1875. Cornicandovia Hasenpusch & Brock gen n.: C. australica (Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. Sipyloidea Brunner, 1893: S. bella (Tepper, 1905) comb. n. (new synonym S. ovabdita Rentz & John, 1987) is transferred from Necroscia Serville, 1838, S. caeca Sjöstedt, 1918 rev. stat., is removed from synonymy with Sipyloidea carterus (Westwood, 1859). Rhamphosipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908: R. queenslandica (Sjöstedt, 1918) comb. n. is transferred from Sipyloidea, also removed from synonymy with carterus. 3. (Pachymorphinae): Pachymorpha Gray, 1835: P. pasithoe (Westwood, 1859) is a new synonym of P. simplicipes Serville, 1838. 4. (Eurycanthinae). Eurycantha Boisduval, 1835: E. sifia (Westwood, 1859) is a new synonym of E. calcarata Lucas, 1870. 5. (Phasmatinae): Vetilia Stål, 1875 is a new synonym of Acrophylla Gray, 1835, resulting in the transfer of these species to Acrophylla: A. enceladus (Gray, 1835) comb. n. and A. thoon (Stål, 1875) comb. n. Vetilia ligia Redtenbacher, 1908 is a new synonym of Acrophylla wuelfingi Redtenbacher, 1908. A. paula (Tepper, 1905) and A. aliena Redtenbacher, 1908 are new synonyms of A. nubilosa Tepper, 1905. A. caprella (Westwood, 1859) comb. n. is transferred from Ctenomorpha Gray, 1833. Anchiale Stål, 1875 (= Ctenomorphodes Karny, 1923 syn. n.), resulting in the transfer of A. briareus (Gray, 1834) comb. n. and A. tessulata (Gray, 1835) which is renamed Anchiale austrotessulata name nov., as tessulata Gray is preoccupied by Anchiale tessulata (Goeze, 1778). Austroclonistria Redtenbacher, 1908 is a new synonym of Arphax Stål, 1875, as A. serrulataa Redtenbacher, 1908) is a new synonym of Arphax dolomedes (Westwood, 1859). Ctenomorpha Gray, 1833: Paractenomorpha macrotegmus (Tepper, 1887) is confirmed as a synonym of Ctenomorpha marginipennis Gray, 1833. Hermarchus Stål, 1875: H. polynesicus Redtenbacher, 1908 is a new synonym of H. insignis (Kaup, 1871). Paronchestus Redtenbacher, 1908: P. cornutus (Tepper, 1905) comb. n. is transferred from Acrophylla Gray, 1835 and P. pasimachus (Westwood, 1859) from Onchestus Stål, 1875. 6. (Platycraninae): Megacrania batesii (Kirby, 1896) is removed from synonymy with Megacrania alpheus (Westwood, 1859). 7. (Tropidoderinae): Didymuria Kirby 1904: D. virginea Stål, 1875 is removed from synonymy with D. violescens (Leach, 1814). Lysicles Stål, 1877: L. periphanes (Westwood, 1859) comb. n. is transferred from Echetlus Stål, 1875. Tropidoderus Gray 1835: T. michaelseni Werner, 1912 is removed from synonymy with T. childrenii (Gray, 1833). 8. (Xeroderinae): Cooktownia Sjöstedt, 1918 becomes a new synonym of Xeroderus Gray, 1835, as Cooktownia plana Sjöstedt, 1918 is a new synonym of Xeroderus kirbii Gray, 1835.Lectotypes are designated for Clitarchus longipes Brunner, 1907, Sipyloidea filiformis Redtenbacher, 1908 and Vetilia ligula Redtenbacher, 1908.As a result of this work, there are now 104 Australian species (+ 1 subspecies) and in order to facilitate further research on these insects, an updated checklist is provided, also a detailed bibliography.
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Takahashi, Koichi, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Naveen Pemmaraju, Gautam Borthakur, Stefan Faderl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Michael Andreeff, Sherry Pierce, Farhad Ravandi und Jorge E. Cortes. „FLT3 Inhibitors Are Promising Salvage Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Patients with FLT3-ITD Mutations“,. Blood 118, Nr. 21 (18.11.2011): 3623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3623.3623.
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Abstract Abstract 3623 Background: The FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that belongs to the class III family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the juxtamembrane domain of the FLT3 is found in approximately 15–30% of AML cases and its constitutive activation of kinase cascade is considered to contribute to leukemogenesis. The prognosis for AML patients (pts) with FLT3-ITD mutation is significantly worse than that with wild-type FLT3 pts and largely a result of a high relapse rate with poor response to salvage therapy. Recently, several FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) have been introduced to clinical trials and some of them are exhibiting clinical efficacy. Data are lacking on whether the use of FLT3i as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory AML pts with FLT3-ITD mutations will improve long-term outcomes and how they compare to salvage therapy with standard chemotherapy. Aim: To determine the long-term efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors when used as first salvage therapy for refractory and relapsed AML in pts with FLT3-ITD mutations and compare it with that of conventional chemotherapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 120 pts with AML having FLT3-ITD mutation who had relapsed after or exhibited disease refractory to front-line therapy, thus received salvage therapy in various clinical trials. The cohort was divided into two groups that received a salvage regimen consisting of 1) conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy or 2) one of several FLT3i (e.g., sorafenib, PKC-412, CEP-701, AC-220, KW-2449, AP24534) either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Pts who had received FLT3i as part of their front-line therapy were excluded from the study. Response to salvage therapy was classified according to the International Working Group (including CR, CRp, or CRi). Results: Between August 1995 and June 2011, 120 pts were treated, of which 75 received conventional chemotherapy (Conventional group; 71/75 were Ara-C based) and 45 received a FLT3i (FLT3i group). Among them, 43 pts were refractory to induction (Conventional = 26 [35%] vs FLT3i = 17 [38%]) and 77 had relapsed disease (Conventional = 49 [65%] vs FLT3i = 28 [62%]). The median duration of 1st remission for the latter group was 8.9 months. The median follow-up durations in the Conventional and the FLT3i groups were 71.5 weeks and 62.3 weeks, respectively (p=0.73). Baseline characteristics, such as age, sex, ECOG performance status and other laboratory parameters were similar in both groups. The number of pts who received stem cell transplant (SCT) as part of the salvage therapy was not statistically different (Conventional = 21/75 [28%] vs FLT3i = 11/45 [24%]; p = 0.67). Of those pts, SCT was performed while they were in CR in 9/21 pts in the Conventional and 2/11 in the FLT3i group (p=0.18). SCT was performed in 1st CR only in one patient in the Conventional and none in the FLT3i group. Response to the salvage therapy (CR, CRp and CRi) in the two groups was not statistically different (16/75 [21%] in conventional group vs 9/45 [20%] in the FLT3i group; p=0.41). The median overall survival (OS) was 41 weeks in the Conventional and 58 weeks in the FLT3i group (p=0.312). There was no significant difference in OS by treatment arm when analyzed separately for older (age above 60) and younger pts. Of the FLT3i group, 31/45 [69%] received FLT3i alone and it was combined with chemotherapy in 14/45 [31%]. The median OS was significantly better when FLT3i was combined as opposed to FLT3i monotherapy (median OS 102 weeks vs 49 weeks; p<0.05); the duration was also superior to that in Conventional group (41 weeks; p<0.05). In the pts whose initial CR duration was shorter than 12 months or who never had a CR with front-line therapy (N=88), the median OS was significantly better in FLT3i group (N=25) than that in the Conventional group (N=63) (58 weeks vs 33 weeks; p<0.01). Conclusions: Salvage therapy including a FLT3 inhibitor appears to be beneficial for relapsed or refractory AML pts with FLT3-ITD mutation, especially when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pts who never experienced a CR to front-line therapy or whose CR duration was less than 12 months benefited the most from FLT3 inhibitor therapy. Although further prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results, they suggest that a FLT3 inhibitor should be included in salvage regimens for relapsed or refractory AML pts with FLT3-ITD mutation. Disclosures: Ravandi: Bater/Onyx: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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M. Brunner, I. Made Indradjaja, und Satria M. Brunner. „Pemilihan Baterai Kendaraan Listrik dengan Metoda Weighted Objective“. Jurnal Serambi Engineering 6, Nr. 1 (12.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jse.v6i1.2644.
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Transportation is a sector that contributes significantly to CO2 gas emissions and has the potential to continue to increase along with the addition of fossil fuel vehicles. Indonesia has plans to switch to electric vehicles as an alternative to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. The battery is an important component of an electric vehicle, and there are several alternative technologies that can be used. This paper simulates the selection of a suitable battery from various type of batteries, including Lead-acid (PbA), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion). The selection is made using the weighted objective method by presenting 5 criteria: energy density; emissions generated for battery production; energy factor of the manufacturing process; availability of critical raw materials required for cathodes and anodes; and availability of recycling facilities. Supporting data to determine the magnitude of each criterion is obtained from literature reviews. The analysis and comparison was carried out by giving weight to the assessment based on the data obtained. The results of calculations carried out in the paper show that the Lead-acid battery is a viable option for use at current time.However, if Indonesia already has NiMH and Li-ion battery recycling facilities, or is capable of producing Lithium-ion batteries, then the criteria and calculation factors can be added and improved.
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Rafsandita, I. Gusti Lanang Yoga, Gede Widayana und I. Wayan Sutaya. „PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN PENGGERAK MEKANIK SATU SUMBU PADA SOLAR PANEL“. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 5, Nr. 1 (02.02.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjtm.v5i1.9171.
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Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki berbagai jenis sumber daya energi dalam jumlah yang cukup melimpah. Wilayah Indonesia akan selalu disinari matahari selama 10 - 12 jam dalam sehari. Data Dirjen Listrik dan Pengembangan Energi pada tahun 1997, kapasitas terpasang listrik tenaga surya di Indonesia mencapai 0,88 MW dari potensi yang tersedia 1,2 x 109 MW. Kebanyakan panel surya dipasang permanen dengan sudut elevasi yang tetap (fixed elevating angles). Hal ini menyebabkan panel surya tersebut tidak dapat menyerap radiasi matahari secara optimal. Penyerapan radiasi matahari akan optimal jika arah radiasi matahari tegak lurus terhadap permukaan bidang panel surya. Penulis tertarik untuk merancang dan membuat alat yang dapat dipergunakan untuk menempelkan panel sel surya tetap dalam kondisi intensitas matahari yang maksimum. Dalam hal ini, menggunakan satu sumbu. dengan telah dibuatnya alat penggerak mekanik satu sumbu pada solar panel ini, penulis dapat memberikan gambaran tentang pembangkit listrik tenaga surya kepada masyarakat. Selain itu dengan adanya penggerak mekanik pada solar panel ini, solar panel bisa lebih besar menghasilkan tegangan pada baterai daripada solar panel tanpa penggerak. Dan dari percobaan menggunakan penggerak mekanik satu sumbu ini menghasilkan tegangan di pukul 08.00 pada baterai nominal sebesar 2,04V hari pertama, 2,05V hari kedua dan 2,03V hari ketiga dan di akhir perhitungan pukul 16.00 tegangan pada baterai menujukan nominal sebesar 11,18V hari pertama, 11,27V hari kedua dan 11,3V hari ketiga.Kata Kunci : Solar Panel, Tipe BCT30-12, Penggerak Satu Sumbu Indonesia is a country that has different kinds of energy resources in sufficient quantities abundant. then Indonesia will be always exposed to the sun for 10-12 hours a day. Data Director General of Electricity and Energy Development in 1997, the installed capacity of solar power in Indonesia reached 0.88 MW of the available potential of 1.2 x 109 MW. Most solar panels are installed permanently at a fixed elevation angle (fixed elevating angles). This causes the solar panels can not absorb solar radiation optimally. Absorption of solar radiation would be optimal if the solar radiation direction perpendicular to the surface of solar panel field. Writers interested in designing and creating tools that can be used to attach the solar panels remain in a state of maximum intensity of the sun. In this case, using a single axis. to have made a mechanical actuator on the solar panel one axis, the author can give an idea of solar power plants to the public. In addition to the mechanical drive on the solar panels, the solar panels generate voltage can be larger than the solar panel to the battery without driving. And from experiments using mechanical drive one axis produces a voltage at 08.00 at a total nominal battery 2,04V first day, 2,05V 2,03V second day and third day and at the end of the calculation 16.00 nominal voltage of the battery addressed by 11,18V the first day, 11,27V 11,3V second day and third day.keyword : Solar Panel, Type BCT30-12, Activator One Wick
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WEISS, R. R., M. A. CALOMENO, R. S. SOUSA, S. M. BRIERSDORF, R. A. CALOMENO und P. MURADÁS. „AVALIAÇÃO HISTOPATOLÓGICA, HORMONAL E BACTERIOLÓGICA DA PIOMETRA NA CADELA“. Archives of Veterinary Science 9, Nr. 2 (31.12.2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v9i2.4069.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os níveis hormonais, as alterações histopatológicas e os agentes etiológicos encontrados na piometra aberta e fechada em cadelas. Foram colhidas 30 amostras de fêmeas ovariohisterectomizadas em clínicas veterinárias da cidade de Curitiba, no Estado do Paraná, no período de outubro de 2002 a maio de 2003. Procedeu-se a exames bacteriológicos, análises histopatológicas dos cornos uterinos e dosagem hormonal da progesterona e do estradiol pela quimioluminescência. A bactéria isolada em maior porcentagem (36%) foi a Escherichia coli, e a alteração histológica de hiperplasia cística endometrial encontrada variou do grau I ao grau III. A proporção entre a progesterona e estradiol teve uma variação significativa nos dois tipos de piometra, porém não foi possível relacionar o agente etiológico, o tipo de lesão e a dosagem hormonal com o tipo de piometra, aberta ou fechada. Histopathological, hormonal, bacterial evaluation in the bitch pyometra Abstract The aim of the present study was to carry out an evaluation of the hormone levels, the histological changes and the etiological agents found in the open and closed pyometra. The uterine horns were collected from 30 bitches subjected to ovariectomy in different veterinary clinics from Curitiba, State of Parana, during the period of October 2002 to May, 2003. Bacteriological cultures, histological analysis and assays of progesterone and estradiol by the chemoluminescent method were performed. Escherichia coli showed to be the most frequent (36%) of the isolated bateria. It has been found the histological analysis that cystic endometrial hyperplasia varied from type I to type III. The progesterone/ estradiol ratio showed a significant variation in regard to the two types of piometra. However, it was not possible to corrrelate the etiological agent, the lesion and the hormonal levels with the open or closed pyometra.
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GONÇALVES, Carlos Alexandre Victorio, und Luciana Albuquerque Daltio VIALLI. „ABORDAGEM CONSTRUCIONAL DA REDUPLICAÇÃO DE BASE VERBAL EM PORTUGUÊS CONSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH TO VERBAL BASE REDUCTION IN PORTUGUESE“. Acta Semiótica et Lingvistica 22, Nr. 1 (24.10.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2446-7006.2017v22n1.36898.
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Resumo: Neste artigo, pretendemos utilizar os dados de Vialli (2013), que reuniu, em sua tese de doutoramento, cerca de cem formas de composição reduplicativa em português, à luz do modelo de morfologia construcional (MC) originalmente proposto por Booij (2005, 2007, 2010). Esse modelo aplica a gramática das construções (GOLDBERG, 1995) ao componente morfológico, analisando as formações lexicais por meio de esquemas e subesquemas que representam o pareamento entre o polo formal e o polo semântico de palavras morfologicamente complexas. Entendendo que a reduplicação verbal (composição ViVi) pode ser satisfatoriamente descrita com os instrumentos da MC, procuramos explicar, formal e semanticamente, construções como “bate-bate” (“bater repetidamente”, “carrinho do parque de diversões”) e “agarra-agarra” (“agarrar repetidas vezes”), mostrando as motivações morfológicas e as extensões de significado desse tipo de formação e distinguindo-o da repetição, fenômeno que ocorre em nível sintático.Palavras-chave: Morfologia. Formação de palavras. Construção. Reduplicação. Composição.Abstract: In this article, we intend to explain the Vialli (2013)”s data – which met, in her doctoral thesis, about a hundred forms of reduplicative compounding in Brazilian Portuguese – based on constructional morphology model (MC), originally proposed by Booij (2005 2007, 2010). This model applies construction grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995) to morphology component, analyzing the lexical formations through schemes and subschemas representing the pairing between the formal pole and the semantic pole of morphologically complex words. Understanding that the verbal reduplication (composition ViVi) can be satisfactorily described with the instruments of MC, we try to explain, formal and semantically, formations such as "bat-bate" ("hit repeatedly"; "playground toy") and "agarra-agarra" (grab repeatedly), showing the morphological motivations and meaning extentions of this type of word-formation process and distinguishing it from the repetition phenomenon that occurs in the syntatic level. Key words: Morphology. Word formation. Construction. Reduplication. Compounding
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Martins, Fernando Antonio Guimarães, Antonio Carlos Gondim de Andrade E Silva und Mirian Cruxên Barros De Oliveira. „PETROGRAFIA, PETROQUÍMICA E METALOGENIA DO GRANITO SERRA DO PARATIÚ, CANANÉIA, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO“. Boletim Paranaense de Geociências 54 (30.06.2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/geo.v54i0.4250.
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A região estudada é composta por rochas do Maciço Granítico Serra do Paratiú MGSP, rochas metamórficas do Complexo Turvo-Cajati (ou metarritmitos Iguape), formações sedimentares Plio-Pleistocênicas do Grupo Mar Pequeno (Formação Cananéia e, muito subordinadamente, as Formações Pariqüera-Açu e Ilha Comprida) e coberturas holocênicas de origem continental, marinha e mista. O MGSP, Neoproterozóico Eopaleozóico, está inserido na Plataforma Sul-Americana, no contexto geotectônico do embasamento cristalino sul-sudeste brasileiro (Bloco Iguape), pertencendo à Suíte Intrusiva Serra do Mar. Acha-se intrudido em rochas metamórficas do Complexo Turvo-Cajati (Paleoproterozóico), onde, localmente, junto ao contato com o corpo granítico, verifica-se biotita-cordierita hornfels denotando metamorfismo de contato. Constitui-se em um corpo, circunscrito, de forma levemente ovalada, com aproximadamente 70 km² de área aflorante; muito homogêneo, onde predomina biotita monzogranito, porfirítico, de cor cinza claro e, subordinadamente, biotita sienogranito. É fracamente peraluminoso, do tipo subsolvus, e coloca-se nos termos finais da série cálcioalcalina. A hipótese de que o Granito Serra do Paratiú seja pós-orogênico é reforçada pelas evidências de campo (forma do corpo, metamorfismo de contato) e petroquímicas. Os dados petroquímicos permitem posicionálo como um granito mais pertinente à classe dos granitos pós-colisionais, variável de pós-tectônico a anorogênico, com dados composicionais, relativos a alguns elementos (Y, Nb, Rb, Zr) e óxidos (SiO2, K2O), que permitem visualizá-lo ora como tipo I reduzido e ora como tipo A, formado por fusão da crosta inferior, altamente fracionada, à semelhança do que ocorre com os granitos australianos Ackley e Sandy Cape, cujas características geoquímicas são compatíveis com os granitos do tipo A, mas geológica e petrograficamente são, respectivamente, granitos do tipo I e S. Os granitos da Suíte Serra do Mar, da qual o MGSP faz parte, apresentam idades radiométricas de 580 ± 20 Ma. Concomitantemente ao trabalho de mapeamento geológico desse Maciço Granítico efetuou-se, em seu domínio, a coleta de amostras de sedimentos ativos de corrente, que foram analisadas para os elementos Cu, Zn, Pb, Li, Mo, Bi, F e Sn, e de concentrados de bateia, que foram submetidos a análises mineralógicas. A integração de todos os dados obtidos durante esta pesquisa permitiu concluir que o MGSP corresponde a um corpo estéril, do ponto de vista de exploração mineral, e que sua esterilidade deve-se a um conjunto de situações desfavoráveis, tais como: ausência de um protólito enriquecido em metal; não desenvolvimento de uma fase de pré-concentração durante a evolução magmática; presença de um conjunto de minerais acessórios cafêmicos e seqüestradores de metal na fase magmática precoce (ilmenita, magnetita, etc); e liberação precoce da fase aquosa, prejudicando qualquer compensação e sucesso de concentração hidrotermal. PETROGRAPHY, PETROCHEMISTRY AND METALLOGENY OF THE SERRA DO PARATIÚ GRANITE, CANANÉIA, SÃO PAULO STATE Abstract The studied region is made up of rocks of the Serra do Paratiú Granite Massif SPGM, metamorphic rocks of Turvo-Cajati Complex (metarhytmites Iguape), sedimentary formation Plio-Pleistocenic of Mar Pequeno Group (Cananéia Formation and, subordinated, Pariqüera-Açú and Ilha Comprida formations) and holocenic sediments of continental, marine and mixed origin. The SPGM Neoproterozoic Eopaleozoic is inserted in the South American Platform, in the geotectonic complex of the Brazilian south-southeast crystalline basement (Iguape Block), integrating the Serra do Mar intrusive suite. It is intruded in the metamorphic rocks of the Turvo- Cajati complex (Paleoproterozoic), where locally there are contact metamorphic rocks, mainly biotite-cordoerite hornfels. It is a lightly oval shaped circumscribed and discordant body with approximately 70 km² of outcrop area, relatively homogeneous constituted by biotite-monzogranite, porphyritic, grey color and subordinated botitesienogranite. The SPGM is weakly peraluminous, of subsolvus type and belongs to the end of a chalcalkaline series. The hypothesis that Serra do Paratiú Granites is post-orogenic is reinforced by petrochemical data and field evidence (shape of the body, contact metamorphism). The petrochemical data allows to put the SPGM as post-collision granite. Post-tectonic to anorogenic with data of some elements (Y, Nb, Rb, Zr) and oxides (SiO2, K2O) that allow to consider it as I or A type, formed by fusion of high fractionated inferior Crust. This fact is similar to those of hybrid us granites of Australia (Ackley and Sandy Cape), which geochemical characteristics are compatible with type A granites, but geological and aerographical data suggest that they are respectively of type I and S. The granites of Serra do Mar Suite including the SPGM present radiometric ages of 580 ± 20 Ma. Concomitantly to the work of geological mapping of this granite massif, samples of active stream sediments were taken, which were analyzed for Cu, Pub, Zn, Li, Mo, Bi, F and Son. Panned concentrated samples also were taken to mineralogical analysis. The integration of all data obtained during this research suggests that the SPGM is a sterile granite due to several unfavorable situations, such as: absence of a protoplast enriched with metal; no development of pre-concentration phase during the magmatic evolution; presence of a group of cafemic and metal kidnappers accessory minerals during early-magmatic phase (ilmenite, magnetite, etc,), and precocious liberation of a volatile phase, not allowing hydrothermal concentration.