Thematische Bibliographien / Type-2 development

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Type-2 development“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 24. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Type-2 development"

Jarvis, Blair, und Shelley Elkinson. „Agents in Development for Type 2 Diabetes“. Drugs in R & D 2, Nr. 2 (Februar 1999): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00126839-199902020-00002.

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Marott, Sarah C. W., Børge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen und Marianne Benn. „Causal Associations in Type 2 Diabetes Development“. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, Nr. 4 (19.12.2018): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01648.

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Abstract Context Obesity, glucose, insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment, version 2, for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR)], and insulin secretion (HOMA2-β) have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) observationally. However, the causal, genetic contribution of each parameter to this risk is largely unknown and important to study because observational data are prone to confounding but genetic, causal data are free of confounding and reverse causation. Objective We examined the causal, genetic contribution of body mass index (BMI), glucose level, C-peptide level, HOMA2-IR, and HOMA2-β to the risk of T2D in 95,540 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and estimated the absolute 10-year risks. Methods Cox regression analysis, instrumental variable analysis, and Poisson regression analysis were performed to estimate the observational hazard ratios, causal, genetic ORs, and absolute 10-year risks of T2D. Results For 1-SD greater level, BMI was associated with an observational 66% (95% CI, 62% to 72%) and causal, genetic 121% (95% CI, 25% to 291%) greater risk of T2D; glucose with an observational 44% (95% CI, 41% to 46%) and causal, genetic 183% (95% CI, 56% to 416%) greater risk of T2D; and HOMA2-IR with an observational 30% (95% CI, 18% to 44%) and causal, genetic 12% (95% CI, 2% to 22%) greater risk of T2D. In contrast, for 1-SD greater level, HOMA2-β was associated with an observational 14% (95% CI, 11% to 16%) and causal, genetic 21% (95% CI, 8% to 32%) lower risk of T2D. The upper tertiles of HOMA2-IR were associated with absolute 10-year diabetes risks of 31% and 37% in obese women and men, age >60 years, and a glucose level of 6.1 to 11.0 mmol/L. Conclusions BMI, glucose level, HOMA2-IR, and HOMA2-β are causally associated with T2D.

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Bhartia, Mithun, Abd A. Tahrani und Anthony H. Barnett. „SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Development for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment“. Review of Diabetic Studies 8, Nr. 3 (2011): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1900/rds.2011.8.348.

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Elizabeth, Miranda-Perez, Bentham Science Publisher Alarcon-Aguilar, Francisco J., Ortega-Camarillo Clara, Bentham Science Publisher Escobar-Villanueva und Maria Carmen. „Pancreatic β-Cells and Type 2 Diabetes Development“. Current Diabetes Reviews 13, Nr. 2 (17.02.2017): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399812666151020101222.

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MacKinnon, Neil J., Nicole R. Hartnell, Emily K. Black, Peggy Dunbar, Jeffrey Johnson, Susan Halliday-Mahar, Rumi Pattar und Ehud Ur. „Development of clinical indicators for type 2 diabetes“. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 141, Nr. 2 (März 2008): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701x(2008)141[120:docift]2.0.co;2.

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Lu, Da-Yong, Jin-Yu Che, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Hong-Ying Wu, Ting-Ren Lu, Bin Xu, Shu-Yun Wu, Jian Ding, Yi Lu und Hong Zhu. „Type 2 Diabetes Treatment and Drug Development Study“. Open Diabetes Journal 8, Nr. 1 (31.08.2018): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876524601808010022.

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The causality and etio-pathologic risks for patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) are important areas in modern medicine. Disease complications are largely unpredictable in patients with T2DM. In the future, we welcome therapeutics of both cutting-edge and traditional for anti-diabetic treatments and management with higher efficiency and less cost. Expanding medical knowledge, behavior/life-style notification in healthcare, modern genetic/bioinformatics diagnostic promotion, clinical developments (Traditional Chinese Medicine and personalized medicine) and new drug developments - including candidate drug targets should be implemented in the future. These efforts might be useful avenues for updating anti-diabetic therapeutics globally. This article aims at introducing this information for T2DM treatment boosts.

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Li, Kejia, Xin Liao, Kuan Wang, Qiao Mi, Tingran Zhang, Yanjun Jia, Xiaohuei Xu et al. „Myonectin Predicts the Development of Type 2 Diabetes“. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, Nr. 1 (16.11.2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01604.

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GOTOU, Naofumi, Shunsuke MIYAKE und Toshiaki KANEMOTO. „506 Development of Yawing Type Hydroelectric Unit(2)“. Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2006 (2006): _506–1_—_506–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2006._506-1_.

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ISHIHARA, Hiroaki, Naofumi GOTO und Toshiaki KANEMOTO. „806 Development of Yawing Type Hydroelectric Unit(2)“. Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2007 (2007): _806–1_—_806–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2007._806-1_.

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Fernandes, P., C. Peixoto, V. M. Santiago, E. J. Kremer, A. S. Coroadinha und P. M. Alves. „Bioprocess development for canine adenovirus type 2 vectors“. Gene Therapy 20, Nr. 4 (05.07.2012): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gt.2012.52.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Type-2 development"

Smit, Nicolaas Andrias Johannes. „School-Initiated Type-2 Activities in Continuous Professional Teacher Development“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78496.

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Professional development is more than marking an attendance register at a workshop. Professional development is a reflective process of continuous self-development that should inform the very essence of any learning context. This dissertation builds on how teachers experience school-initiated type-2 teacher professional development in secondary public schools and how their experiences may contribute to the work in the field of teacher professional development and assessment. Although a number of studies have examined teachers’ comprehension of the Continuous Professional Development framework in South Africa and the quality management policies, there is a considerable lack of literature on the relationship between the professional development of teachers and school improvement. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand teachers’ experiences with the implementation of Type-2 Continuous Professional Teacher Development activities in public high schools. The data for this qualitative study were collected through semistructured interviews and policy document analysis. The coded data were analysed and emerging themes were identified. The participants of this study consisted of teachers and members of the School Management Team. However, the study found that teachers perceived that there is a gap in the focus of professional development programmes. Teachers felt that the type-2 developmental activities seemed only for the benefit and achievement of the school’s goals, and do not adequately address the developmental needs of teachers themselves. The findings of this study argue that a culture of shared responsibility and leadership in secondary schools do indeed improve the development of teachers and the successful academic achievement of learners.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted

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Sitaraman, Sneha. „Alveolar type 2 epithelial cells in lung development and disease“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1571062200291287.

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Rogers, Catherine. „Development of a glycemic index checklist for individuals with type 2 diabetes“. Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37245.

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Khaled, Walid T. „The role of STAT6 and type-2 cytokines in mammary gland development“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612880.

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Aljwaid, Husam O. Dakhil. „Relationships between iron, oxidative stress, glycated proteins and the development of atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3222.

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Hyperglycaemia stimulates a variety of biochemical abnormalities. The area of particular interest in this study is the influence of non-enzymatic glycation of proteins on iron homeostasis, and particularly on non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and its possible relation to atherogenesis in both Type 2 diabetic and obese non diabetic subjects. The link between non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and iron homeostasis, and development of macrovascular disease may be mechanistically different in Type 2 diabetic and obese non diabetic subjects due to a difference in the protein glycation pattern. Because the following in vivo study required storage of samples for up to two years to complete the processing of all the samples, a storage study was carried out using different anticoagulants and addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to samples to study the effects of storage, thawing and freezing of the samples on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. This storage study showed that EDTA attenuated the action of lipid oxidation compared with lithium heparin (LiH). A combination of GSH with either EDTA or LiH added more protection from lipid peroxidation in the first week of storage, but due to the thawing and freezing of the sample the action of GSH diminished through its autooxidation, meaning that addition of GSH to samples in the following in vivo study would be useless. An in vivo study was carried out on iron-related parameters in three subject groups: control (non-diabetic, non-obese), Type 2 diabetic and obese non diabetic. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) was strongly correlated with NTBI in the diabetic group. Also the level of NTBI was significantly increased in Type 2 diabetic subjects compared with other groups while the level of total iron was significantly decreased. The study showed a strong positive correlation between NTBI and a biomarker of endothelium dysfunction (E-selectin) in all groups studied. Although it is not possible from the current data to know if there is a causal relationship between these two parameters, it remains a possibility that iron released from its binding sites could initiate oxidative damage to the endothelial cells and begin the process of atherogenesis. Positive correlation at the 90% confidence level between NTBI and a biomarker of inflammation, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, is another indicator in this study of a link between increases in NTBI, inflammation, endothelium dysfunction and atherosclerosis. This study also showed for first time that NTBI is present in higher levels in the plasma of obese subjects compared to controls despite the obese subjects having significantly lower total iron. An in vitro study found that glycation of transferrin half saturated with iron increased with increasing glucose concentration, leading to decreased capacity of transferrin to hold iron and increased release of free iron. Also co-incubation of transferrin half saturated with iron with low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose showed oxidation of LDL (measured as MDA). This may be explained by the effect of glycation, leading to release of free iron, which catalyses oxidation of LDL. In addition, glycation of LDL may enhance the oxidation of LDL catalysed by iron. Both studies indicate that the glycation of proteins has a major impact on iron homeostasis leading to release of non-enzymatic glycation and contributing to one of the most common complications of Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis.

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Kikkas, Ingrid. „Development of immunoassays for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114824.

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Le diabète de type 1 est une maladie auto-immune caractérisée par la destruction des cellules bêta des îlots de Langerhans du pancréas. Au cours de ce processus auto-immun, des auto-anticorps sont produits contre plusieurs antigènes des cellules bêta, par exemple l'insuline, l'acide glutamique décarboxylase (GAD65), la protéine tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) et le transporteur de zinc (ZnT8). Au moins un auto-anticorps contre l'un de ces antigènes est présent dans> 95% des personnes atteintes de diabète de type 1 lors de la détection de l'hyperglycémie. Ces auto-anticorps peuvent servir de marqueurs précoces de diabète de type 1, car ils peuvent être présents des années avant l'apparition de la maladie, ce qui permet un diagnostic précoce avant les manifestations cliniques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons développé, en partenariat avec une équipe de recherche clinique, une série de tests diagnostiques originaux, basée sur la détection précoce des différents auto-anticorps d’îlots de Langerhans à partir d'échantillons de sérum humain. Ces tests de diagnostic comprennent des tests bridging ELISA pour la détection d'auto-anticorps contre l'insuline, IA-2 et GAD65, qui sont rapides, facile à utiliser et n’utilisent pas de radioactivité. De plus, un test immunochromatographique sur bandelette pour la détection des auto-anticorps contre IA-2 a été développé. Le principal avantage des tests bandelettes est sa convivialité : les résultats peuvent être obtenus en 45 min en utilisant de très petits volumes de sérums et sans l'utilisation d’appareils spécialisés. Tous ces tests développés en interne ont été validés avec des échantillons de sérum de patients atteints de diabète de type 1 et de témoins sains et leurs performances ont été comparées avec celles de tests disponibles sur le marché. En outre, nous avons développé un test multiplex pour la détection simultanée de plusieurs auto-anticorps associés au diabète de type 1, ce qui permet de gagner du temps et d’augmenter la valeur diagnostic et prédictive du test par rapport à la détection d’un seul autoanticorps. Ce test multiplex a été validé pour la détection de deux autoanticorps (IA-2A et GADA) et comparé à nos tests ELISA de IA-2A et GADA
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans. In the course of this autoimmune process, autoantibodies are generated against several beta-cell antigens, e.g. insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). At least one autoantibody against one of these antigens is present in >95% of individuals with type 1 diabetes upon hyperglycemia detection. These autoantibodies can serve as early markers of type 1 diabetes, since they can be present years before disease onset, allowing for an early diagnosis before clinical manifestations. In the course of this thesis we have developed, in partnership with a clinical research team, a series of original diagnostic tests, based on the early detection of the different anti-Langerhans islet autoantibodies from human serum samples. These diagnostic tests include bridging ELISAs for the detection of autoantibodies to insulin, IA-2 and GAD65, which are rapid, non-radioactive and easy-to-use. Moreover, a lateral flow immunoassay (dipstick) for detection of autoantibodies to IA-2 was developed. The key advantage of lateral flow immunoassay is its user-friendly format: results can be obtained within 45 min using very small volumes of sera and without the use of any specialized apparatus. All these in-house assays were validated with diabetic and healthy human serum samples and the assay performances were compared to commercially available tests on the market. In addition, we have developed a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies, which is time-effective and increases the diagnostic and predictive values of the assay, comparing to single autoantibody detection. This multiplex assay was validated for detection of two autoantibodies i.e. IA-2A and GADA and compared to in-house IA-2A and GADA bridging ELISAs

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Yiannakas, Adonis. „The role of central IL-6 signalling in the development of Type 2 diabetes“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/fc156760-f5ac-4f02-8b8e-42cb58decd63.

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Diet induced obesity and Type 2 diabetes affect an alarming number of people in the world. Patients exhibit a number of associated co-morbidities that require treatment and reduce life expectancy. The development of Type 2 diabetes results from a chronic disruption of glucose homeostasis as a consequence of environmental and genetic factors. The regulation of hypothalamic metabolic signalling is understood to be critical to the dynamic and long-term maintenance of glucose homeostasis by virtue of its influence on peripheral effectors (pancreas, liver, muscle and fat). Prolonged periods of inflammation observed in the development of diet-induced obesity and diabetes and accumulating evidence suggests this may negatively affect the maintenance of these neuroendocrine networks. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the acute, as well as the resolving and adaptive phase of inflammatory responses. The IL-6 receptor has recently been shown to exhibit extensive localization in key regions of the human and rodent hypothalamus involved in glucose and energy homeostasis regulation. Recent work at Prof. Rory McCrimmon's lab investigating the role of IL-6 in the development of hypoglycaemia unawareness in Type 1 Diabetes identified the development of a glucose-sensing defect in hypothalamic glucose-sensing mouse cultures (GT1-7) in response to antecedent IL-6. These studies provided preliminary evidence to suggest that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 could directly modulate hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons and therefore might influence whole body glucose and energy homeostasis. The body of work contained in this thesis sets out to examine the hypothesis that down-regulation of central IL-6 signaling would disturb the ability of mammals to regulate energy homeostasis, and would exacerbate defects in glucose clearance, insulin sensitivity and body composition typically observed in during the development of Type 2 Diabetes through chronic energy excess. To test this hypothesis cre-lox technology was used to generate a CRE-mediated nervous-system specific NesCreIL-6R knock-down (KD) mouse. Chronic administration of high-fat diet (>40% fat) in mice is commonly used to model the effects of diet-induced obesity and the progression to type 2 diabetes in humans. To examine the effects of this intervention in the development of diet induced obesity and diabetes, age (8-10 weeks old) and sex-matched KD and control animals on standard chow (SC -15% fat) and high fat diet (HFD - 60% fat) were characterized using an array of in vivo metabolic phenotyping tests over a period of 20 weeks. To generate a brain-specific IL-6R KD, heterozygous B6.Cg-Tg (Nes-cre) 1Kln/J mice were crossed with B6 (SJL)-Il6ratm.1.1Drew/J animals (IL-6Rflox/flox). The Nestin promoter exhibits brain-specific expression, while the IL-6R gene is flanked by 2 loxP sites in IL-6Rflox/flox mice that would theoretically allow for brain-specific disruption of the receptor gene in offspring of this cross. Incorporation of the CRE gene in NesCre+ mice, and the presence of loxP sites in the genome of IL-6Rflox/flox colony were confirmed by standard PCR (Figures 1.1, 1.2). Offspring of the cross bearing the CRE gene were classified as KD, while the rest were considered wild-type littermates. Disruption of the IL-6R gene was confirmed at the mRNA level using real-time PCR (Figure 1.3.2), with KD mice exhibiting down-regulation of the gene at the hypothalamus (~50%) and hippocampus (~35%). The effects of the NesCremediated down-regulation of the IL-6R were also examined using in vivo and ex vivo approaches, in relation to the induction of the STAT3 phosphorylation typically observed in response to IL-6. Administration of IL-6 in the periphery failed to induce STAT3 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of KD mice, even though similar responses to control animals were observed in peripheral organs (Figures 1.4, 1.5). Furthermore, examination of IL-6R protein expression by immunohistochemistry, confirmed decreases in the number of IL-6R-positive neuronal cells in NesCreIL-6R KDs compared to control mice (Figures 1.7.1-4). Brain-specific IL-6R down-regulation in NesCreIL-6R KDs was associated with a dramatic suppression of in vivo GSIS (Figure 2.5.4), but was of little consequence to the blood glucose response to insulin (Figures 2.4.1-3). Examination of insulin and glucagon immunohistochemistry and ex vivo hormone release, KD and control islets were found to produce and release similar levels of the hormones in isolation, implicating a central component in the effect observed in vivo (Figures 2.8.1-3). Body weight was closely matched between KD and control animals on SC diet, while dramatic increases observed in control animals on HFD were mirrored in HF-fed KDs (Figure 2.1). Paradoxically, KD SC mice were significantly leaner than control mice, despite being hyperphagic (Figures 2.2.1-5, 2.3, 2.9.1), hypoactive and hypothermogenic (Figure 2.6.2-4). Hyperphagia and suppression of energy expenditure was also observed in the HF-fed KDs, but in this case the leaner phenotype was progressively reversed through the course of 20 weeks of diet (Figures 2.2.1-5, 2.6.2-4). Examination of a separate cohort of SC mice indicated that increases in food intake and body fat in response to chronic diet, were not a consequence of differences in leptin sensitivity between KD and control animals (Figures 2.9.1-2). Collectively, data presented in this thesis suggest central IL-6 to play a fundamental role in the ability of the body to release insulin and regulate glycaemia in response to a glucose challenge. KD mice exhibited increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure and activity, that were only associated with increased body fat following chronic HF-feeding. This would suggest that increases in peripheral IL-6 observed in obese patients are part of a protective response to chronic energy excess, acting centrally to promote energy expenditure at least in part through increases in circulating insulin and thermogenic fat oxidation.

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Fenaux, Martijn. „Molecular Pathogenesis and Development of a Genetically Engineered Vaccine for Type-2 Porcine Circovirus“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27171.

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), whereas the ubiquitous porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is nonpathogenic for pigs. Since its initial detection in a Canadian commercial swine herd in 1991, PMWS has been detected in all swine producing regions of the world and is now a serious economic problem to the swine industry. The objectives of this dissertation were to biologically, genetically and experimentally characterize both PCV1 and PCV2, to identify the genetic determinant(s) for virulence and replication, and to develop an effective genetically-engineered vaccine against PCV2 infection and PMWS. The genetic heterogeneity of PCV2 and PCV1 isolates from different geographic origins were determined. We found that, although PCV1 and PCV2 genomes were very conserved, some minor genomic variation exists among PCV1 isolates and PCV2 isolates. The nonpathogenic PCV1 and pathogenic PCV2 share only about 76% nucleotide sequence identity but have similar genomic organization. The highest sequence variability among PCV isolates is found in the immunogenic ORF2 capsid gene. Based on the sequence data in this dissertation, a universal polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was developed that is capable of detecting all known PCV isolates and differentiating between infections by nonpathogenic PCV1 and pathogenic PCV2. In order to study the structural and functional relationship of PCV genes and to develop a genetically-engineered vaccine, we constructed infectious DNA clones of both PCV1 and PCV2. By using the PCV2 infectious clone, we showed that pigs can be infected by direct intrahepatic injection of PCV2 infectious DNA clone. The pathological lesions and clinical disease associated with PCV2 infection were more definitively characterized by using the infectious DNA clone. We found that PCV2 is the primary but not the sole causative agent of PMWS, as the full spectrum of clinical PMWS was not reproduced by the infectious PCV2 DNA clone although pathological lesions characteristic of PMWS were reproduced. A chimeric vaccine was constructed by cloning the immunogenic capsid gene of the pathogenic PCV2 into the genomic backbone of the non-pathogenic PCV1 virus. We showed that the resulting chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine virus, retained the non-pathogenic nature of PCV1 but induced a protective immune response against a wild-type PCV2 challenge. In vaccinated pigs, the chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine reduced PCV2 viremia length and serum virus loads and reduced pathological lesions such as lymphoid depletion (LD) and histiocytic replacement (HR) in lymphoid tissues, inflammation and discoloration of the lymph nodes. The amounts of PCV2 antigen and PCV2 genomic copy loads in lymph node tissues were also significantly reduced. Our results indicated that the attenuated chimeric PCV1-2 virus induces protective immunity against PCV2 infection and thus could serve as an effective vaccine against PCV2 and PMWS. To improve the safety of the vaccine, we attempted to identify the genetic determinant(s) for PCV2 virulence. An isolate of PCV2 was serially passaged for 120 times in PK-15 cells. After 120 passages, a total of two amino acid mutations were identified in the capsid protein of the passage 120 virus (VP120), P110A and R191S. Compared to other known PCV1 and PCV2 sequences, the two amino acid mutations in PCV2 VP120 are unique. The VP120 virus was biologically characterized in vitro and experimentally characterized in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. The two amino acid mutations resulted in an enhanced replication ability of PCV2 VP120 in PK-15 cells and an attenuated phenotype in infected pigs. The P110A and R191S mutations in the capsid protein either alone or collectively are likely important for PCV2 virulence and replication. In summary, we genetically characterized PCV2 isolates from different geographic regions and developed a PCR-RFLP assay. We constructed and characterized infectious DNA clones of PCV1 and PCV2, and developed a genetically engineered vaccine against PCV2 infection. We also identified the genetic determinants for PCV2 virulence and replication. The vaccine developed in this study, when it becomes available, will help the swine industry control this important pathogen.
Ph. D.

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Direk, Kenan. „The role of mitochondria in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-mitochondria-in-the-development-of-insulin-resistance-and-type-2-diabetes(30f426ed-9221-473f-b177-acefda85acaa).html.

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This thesis explores three broad areas of interest in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The first part of the thesis examines the relative contributions of body fat measurements on T2D and related morbidities in a large cohort of twins. A proxy measure of visceral fat was constructed from anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, its heritability was estimated at 58% using the classical twin model and its influence on morbidity was compared to total abdominal fat and the body mass index. The findings from this work show that intra-abdominal adiposity confers the greatest independent risk on morbidity and appears to almost entirely mediate the observed association between morbidity and all the other measures of adiposity investigated. The second part of this thesis is a candidate gene study of the PARL/ABCC5 gene region motivated by prior evidence suggesting a role for PARL in T2D susceptibility. Using a single marker test of association, SNPs in and around the PARL gene showed no evidence of association with T2D. However, analysis based upon SNPs in the entire gene region (184,743-185,548Kb, build 36) using a multi-marker test of association, provided strong evidence that the neighbouring gene (ABCC5) is associated with T2D in both European and African American samples. In addition, ABCC5 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was strongly associated with fasting insulin and glucose serum levels, visceral fat accumulation, and T2D with evidence that the disease susceptibility variant(s) is a regulatory element (an expression quantitative trait locus) located at intron 26 in ABCC5. The third component of this thesis is a comprehensive investigation into the potential role of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (NEM) genes in the aetiology of T2D. A pathway analysis approach is used to test for enrichment of T2D association signals across the genome in defined NEM gene sets. From this analysis, the biological pathways of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial translation all show evidence of pathway enrichment. These findings demonstrate for the first time, potential associations between these pathways and T2D susceptibility in European and African American samples.

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Bowden, Davies K. A. „Physical inactivity and sedentary time : impact on metabolic health and development of type 2 diabetes“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3019572/.

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Bücher zum Thema "Type-2 development"

Ojkic, Davor. Development of a bovine adenovirus type 2-based gene delivery vector. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 1997.

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Condon, Jennifer. 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 1st role in fetal development. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Mathur, Denise Newton. The development of educational tools for type 2 diabetes among the Cree First Nations Peoples of Attawapiskat, Ontario. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2004.

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Hille, Reinhold Friedrich. Data abstraction and program development using Modula-2. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

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Croniger, Colleen, Hrsg. Role of the Adipocyte in Development of Type 2 Diabetes. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/1543.

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Lebovitz, Harold E., und Shlomo Ben-Haim. Novel technologies: What does gastric electrical stimulation offer to the patient with type 2 diabetes and depression? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789284.003.0014.

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Owing to the epidemiologic dimensions of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and depression, the development of novel and effective treatment options for these conditions is of great importance. One of the major challenges in this field is that many antidiabetic and antidepressive drugs may have disadvantageous metabolic effects by increasing weight and worsening insulin resistance. Novel technologies more effectively considering the pathophysiological changes related to this entity are needed. The DIAMOND electrical stimulation device improves glycaemic control, causes weight loss and decreases systolic blood pressure in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The DIAMOND device detects food ingestion and automatically activates its postprandial metabolic effects. It does so with minimal side effects, no hypoglycaemia, modest weight loss, minimal requirement for self-blood glucose monitoring, and improvement in eating behaviour. The properties of DIAMOND treatment suggest that it may have merit for treating patients with comorbid diabetes and depression.

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Ross, David A. Chapter 2 Types of intervention and their development. Oxford University Press, 2015.

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Wolff, Veronica. Timber Creek: A Sierra Falls novel #2. 2013.

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Afrand, Mohammadhosain, Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Ahmad Shojaoddiny-Ardekani und Azita Ariaeinejad. Metabolic Syndrome and Ethnic Groups Second edition. Knowledge Kingdom Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/978-9931-9446-4-5.

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Metabolic syndrome is defined as the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (i.e. abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). Indeed, metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and/or CVD. Thus, the key clinical implication of a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is the identification of a patient who needs aggressive lifestyle modification focused on weight reduction and increased physical activity. Multiple different phenotypes and ethnic-specific values for waist circumference are included within metabolic syndrome, with indications for differing treatment strategies. This book covers several aspects of metabolic syndrome, including its definition, diagnostic criteria, preventive measures, and treatment, as well as the possible association between ethnicity and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

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Herrington, William G., Aron Chakera und Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Diabetic renal disease. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0164.

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Diabetic nephropathy is kidney damage occurring as a result of diabetes mellitus. Overt diabetic nephropathy is defined as proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/day. Diabetic nephropathy has a complicated pathogenesis including glomerular hypertension with hyperfiltration and advanced glycation end products. Poor glycaemic control is associated with progression to microalbuminuria and overt diabetic nephropathy. The lifetime risk is fairly equivalent for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early disease is usually asymptomatic. Hyperglycaemia causes an osmotic diuresis and, thus, diabetes can present with polyuria. Hypertension develops with microalbuminuria; oedema indicates abnormal sodium and water retention and, occasionally, the development of nephrotic syndrome. Patients with diabetes, perhaps due to accompanying cardiac disease, are particularly susceptible to fluid overload and uraemic symptoms. End-stage renal disease can occur as early as when the estimated glomerular filtration rate is 15 ml/min 1.73 m−2.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Type-2 development"

Sanders, Thomas A. B. „Nutrition and Development: Type 2 Diabetes“. In Nutrition and Development, 143–49. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118782972.ch9.

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Abi Khalil, Charbel, und Shahrad Taheri. „Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes“. In Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Development of Obesity, 179–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12766-8_12.

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Cinti, Saverio. „Development in Humans“. In Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and the Adipose Organ, 425–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40522-3_13.

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Cinti, Saverio. „Murine Adipose Organ Development“. In Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and the Adipose Organ, 385–423. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40522-3_12.

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Misra, Parimal, und Ranjan Chakrabarti. „Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Marketed Drugs and Mechanisms“. In Drug Discovery and Drug Development, 165–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8002-4_7.

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Gaxiola, Fernando, Patricia Melin und Fevrier Valdez. „Problem Statement and Development“. In New Backpropagation Algorithm with Type-2 Fuzzy Weights for Neural Networks, 21–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34087-6_3.

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Jafelice, Rosana Sueli da Motta, und Ana Maria Amarillo Bertone. „Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets in the Future: Scientific Projects for Development“. In Biological Models via Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets, 129–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64530-4_4.

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Miller, Simon, und Robert John. „An Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Multiple Echelon Supply Chain Model“. In Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXVI, 407–20. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-983-1_32.

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Kohara, M., und A. Nomoto. „Development of candidates for new type 2 and type 3 oral poliovirus recombinant vaccines“. In Measles and Poliomyelitis, 353–57. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9278-8_29.

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Suresh, Priscilla. „Effects of Pterocarpus marsupium in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus“. In Drug Development for Cancer and Diabetes, 219–32. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429330490-19.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Type-2 development"

Yamamoto, Tsutomu, und Takashi Futami. „Development of 2-Lamp Type HID Headlighting System“. In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900562.

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Koyama, T., T. Tsuji, H. Takano, Y. Kagoshima, S. Ichimaru, T. Ohchi, H. Takenaka, Ian McNulty, Catherine Eyberger und Barry Lai. „Development of Multilayer Laue Lenses; (2) Circular Type“. In THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3625314.

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Watanabe, Kengo, Tsunetoshi Saito, Katsuki Suematsu, Ryo Nagase und Masato Shiino. „Development of small MT type 2-multicore fiber connector“. In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.w4d.6.

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McCarty, Kevin, Milos Manic und Allan Gagnon. „A fuzzy framework with modeling language for type 1 and type 2 application development“. In 2013 6th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2013.6577844.

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Haydim, Mustafa, Mustafa Tinkir, Mete Kalyoncu und Umit Onen. „Network based type-2 fuzzy logic controller design for hydraulic system“. In 2011 3rd International Conference on Computer Research and Development (ICCRD). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccrd.2011.5763868.

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Vahidi, O., K. E. Kwok, R. B. Gopaluni und L. Sun. „Development of a physiological model forpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus“. In 2010 American Control Conference (ACC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2010.5531636.

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Sato, Noritaka, Katsuma Torii und Yoshifumi Morita. „Development of crawler type rescue robot with 2 DOF flipper arms“. In 2013 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776712.

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Humaira und Riyanto T. Bambang. „Interval type-2 fuzzy system in supplier selection for new product development“. In 2012 International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2012.6339357.

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Viviandhari, Daniek, Nora Wulandari und Francyska Putri Puspita. „Public Counseling: An Educational Model to Improve Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients“. In 1st Muhammadiyah International Conference on Health and Pharmaceutical Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008239600710076.

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Chatterjee, S., Bhagyashree Chaudhuri, Chandan Bhar und Ankur Shukla. „Estimation of software reliability and development cost using interval type-2 fuzzy AHP“. In 2017 International Conference on Infocom Technologies and Unmanned Systems (Trends and Future Directions) (ICTUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictus.2017.8286094.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Type-2 development"

Federinko, John, Rusti L. Pool, William Z. Zeck und Joseph D. Martin. Unit Type Code Development, Tailoring, and Optimization (UTC-DTO) Phase 2 Final Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388557.

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Padmanabhan, Radha K. Cloning and Expression of Genes for Dengue Virus Type-2 Encoded-Antigens for Rapid Diagnosis and Vaccine Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241648.

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Gentry, William. “It’s not about me. It’s me & you.” How being dumped can help first-time managers. Center for Creative Leadership, März 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2016.1071.

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This paper presents research from the Center for Creative Leadership that found (1) the type of motivation first-time managers have for learning and development; and (2) the skill gaps first-time managers have in four specific leadership competencies: communication, influence, leading team achievement, and coaching and developing others.

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Tidd, Alexander N., Richard A. Ayers, Grant P. Course und Guy R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data. Herausgegeben von Mark James und Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23452.

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[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.

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Herbert, Siân. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.28. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Januar 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.008.

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The fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aim to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. This summary features resources on C19’s unequal impacts and policy responses; responses to build long-term resilience to both conflict and pandemics; responses to support forcibly displaced people in Africa and the Middle East; and the implications of C19 for international development cooperation in 2021. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including C19 increasing gender-based violence; whether regime type shapes effective C19 responses; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict contexts. The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.

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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin und Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.

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Iyer, Ananth V., Samuel Labi, Steven Dunlop, Thomas Brady Jr. und Eki Amijaya. Cost and Benefit Analysis of Installing Fiber Optics on INDOT Projects. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317131.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is tasked with the stewardship of billions of dollars’ worth of public invested highway infrastructure. Not only does INDOT continually seek design and operational policies that foster cost effective project delivery and procurement, they also seek opportunities for revenue generation. Due to population growth and the increased demand for online connectivity and global information transmission, the fiber-optic cable industry has experienced rapid growth over the past few years. Information and communication technology (ICT) companies have long sought to achieve higher economic productivity by installing fiber-optic cables in the right of way (ROW) of access-controlled highways. Based on these developments, an experiment was conducted to measure the economic impact in Indiana. To determine this impact, a database was developed by compartmentalizing the analysis into (1) GDP per county per industry type, (2) the natural growth of GDP as a factor, and (3) the extent of contribution of broadband in the growth of GDP. A general formula was developed to incorporate the adjusted median income on both the industry and county levels, along with a broadband contribution factor. This formula was employed to determine policies that can produce optimum economic outcome by leveraging the Pareto method.

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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti und Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.

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Tarko, Andrew P., Qiming Guo und Raul Pineda-Mendez. Using Emerging and Extraordinary Data Sources to Improve Traffic Safety. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317283.

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The current safety management program in Indiana uses a method based on aggregate crash data for conditions averaged over several-year periods with consideration of only major roadway features. This approach does not analyze the risk of crashes potentially affected by time-dependent conditions such as traffic control, operations, weather and their interaction with road geometry. With the rapid development of data collection techniques, time-dependent data have emerged, some of which have become available for safety management. This project investigated the feasibility of using emerging and existing data sources to supplement the current safety management practices in Indiana and performed a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the new data sources and their relevance to traffic safety analysis. In two case studies, time-dependent data were acquired and integrated to estimate their effects on the hourly probability of crash and its severity on two selected types of roads: (1) rural freeways and (2) signalized intersections. The results indicate a considerable connection between hourly traffic volume, average speeds, and weather conditions on the hourly probability of crash and its severity. Although some roadway geometric features were found to affect safety, the lack of turning volume data at intersections led to some counterintuitive results. Improvements have been identified to be implemented in the next phase of the project to eliminate these undesirable results.

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Haddock, John E., Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, M. Reza Pouranian, Miguel Montoya und Harsh Patel. Implementing the Superpave 5 Asphalt Mixture Design Method in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317127.

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Recent research developments have indicated that asphalt mixture durability and pavement life can be increased by modifying the Superpave asphalt mixture design method to achieve an in-place density of 95%, approximately 2% higher than the density requirements of conventionally designed Superpave mixtures. Doing so requires increasing the design air voids content to 5% and making changes to the mixture aggregate gradation so that effective binder content is not lowered. After successful laboratory testing of this modified mixture design method, known as Superpave 5, two controlled field trials and one full scale demonstration project, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) let 12 trial projects across the six INDOT districts based on the design method. The Purdue University research team was tasked with observing the implementation of the Superpave 5 mixture design method, documenting the construction and completing an in-depth analysis of the quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) data obtained from the projects. QC and QA data for each construction project were examined using various statistical metrics to determine construction performance with respect to INDOT Superpave 5 specifications. The data indicate that, on average, the contractors achieved 5% laboratory air voids, which coincides with the Superpave 5 recommendation of 5%. However, on average, the as-constructed mat density of 93.8% is roughly 1% less than the INDOT Superpave 5 specification. It is recommended that INDOT monitor performance of the Superpave 5 mixtures and implement some type of additional training for contractor personnel, in order to help them increase their understanding of Superpave 5 concepts and how best to implement the design method in their operation.

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