Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Turangbai“

The Title of this research is the “Preservation the art of dance Jathilan Turangga Bekso for to increase tourism visit in Sleman–Yogyakarta”. This research means to determine how the system about management and preservation Jathilan Turangga Bekso as one of the measures to increase visits tourist come to area Gamping. Author use kualitative methode to find the problem. In the research outhor taking the formulation of the problem to how preservation steps dance Jathilan Turangga Bekso in sleman And How the rule of Community in Conservation Jathilan Turangga Bekso. The Outhor had reason for choosing dance Turangga Bekso Because This dance not yet Famous in Community From Sleman. Keywords: Dance, Tourism,Community

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of Pancasila contained in the local wisdom of Jaranan Turangga Yaksa and to describe the internalization of the values of Pancasila and the local wisdom of Jaranan Turangga Yaksa in elementary schools and to find out the obstacles and solutions to internalizing the values of Pancasila based on local wisdom of Jaranan Turangga Yaksa. The research will be carried out at SD Negeri 3 Ngantru, Trenggalek District, Trenggalek Regency, East Java by using a form of qualitative research with the intention of describing the activities of implementing character values through local wisdom in these elementary schools and the method used in this research is descriptive research method. The results of the research that have been carried out are the values of Pancasila which are contained in the local wisdom of Jaranan Turangga Yaksa starting from the first precept, namely the almighty deity where the art of Jaranan Turangga aims to give alms from the community to God Almighty by giving crops to people in need. . The second Pancasila value contained in the local wisdom of Jaranan Turangga Yaksa, namely the emergence of a sense of tolerance, friendship, social care, an attitude of love for peace among humans and also the application of the fifth Pancasila precept, namely social justice for all Indonesian people. Keywords: Internalilation, Pancasila Values, Local Wisdom, Jaranan TuranggaYaksa

Jaranan Turangga Yaksa is an original art from Dhongko Village, Trenggalek Regency. Turangga Yaksa is a horse with a giant head and ridden by a knight who can control amarah, syaitonah, lauamah, dan serakah. This art is the result of creations from the Baritan ceremony (bar ngarit tanduran), local people usually hold tayub parties which aim to express gratitude for the harvest they have received. In this research, Jaranan Turangga Yaksa was studied ethnomusicologically by taking several approaches, namely describing the notation, musical aspects and organology found in the musical instrument Jaranan Turangga Yaksa. The research was conducted in Dhongko Village, Trenggalek Regency. The data collection method was carried out by interviewing several sources such as Mbah Mu'an (Creator of the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa music), chairman of the Sanggar Purwo Budaya, singer, dancer, and also pengrawit. Observe the development of musical accompaniment, and also perform FGD (Forum Group Duscussion) to deepen information and data to make it more valid. The description of the musical notation used by the author includes using number notation on balungan instruments and also vocals. The use of the terms plak, dlang, dhe as notation for percussion instruments such as kendang. Writing drum notation using notasi balok, and also using symbols as another term in writing gamelan notation. From the musical aspect, Jaranan Turangga Yaksa music has its own drum beats that differentiate it from other jaranan music such as Jaranan Buto, Jaranan Senterewe, Jaranan Pegon, and Jaranan Dor.

Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk dan fungsi Pertunjukan Ebeg Turangga Edan di Kelurahan Tegalreja, Kecamatan Cilacap Selatan, Kabupaten Cilacap. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan struktur dan fungsi. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Analisis data dengan menggunakan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pertunjukan Ebeg terpola menjadi beberapa bagian yaitu bagian awal melakukan ritual yang dilakukan oleh penimbul (Pawang), bagian inti adanya sajian tiga babak, bagian akhir ditandai dengan adegan mendheman massal dan sambutan penutup dari penimbul/sesepuh/ketua paguyuban Turangga Edan. Pertunjukan Ebeg terbentuk dari tata hubungan antar elemen pertunjukan yang meliputi tema, pelaku/penari, gerak, musik, tata rias dan tata busana, property/perlengkapan, tempat pentas, tata lampu/cahaya dan suara, apresiator/penonton. Fungsi pertunjukan Ebeg Turangga Edan di masyarakat Kabupaten Cilacap meliputi fungsi sarana upacara, ekspresi diri, hiburan, tontonan/seni pertunjukan, media pendidikan, wahana terapi/pengobatan, dan media komunikasi/alat interaksi sosial. Kesimpulannya adalah bentuk pertunjukan Ebeg Turangga Edan terpola menjadi bagian-bagian yang menyatu menjadi satu pertunjukan. Pertunjukan Ebeg Turangga Edan digunakan masyarakat yang berfungsi sebagai hiburan.

Culture is a pivotal aspect determining the success of the counseling process. Students in Senior High School 1 Karangan Trenggalek experience various self-concept-related problems. In this regard, Trenggalek Regency' Jaranan Turangga Yaksa emerges as one of the local cultural values potentially improving self-concept and development. In the counseling context, the person-centered counseling approach is typically employed to help the clients find their self-concept. The purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to describe the concept of person-centered counseling; (2) to describe the cultural values in the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa; (3) To integrate the values in Jaranan Turangga Yaksa with person-centered counseling approach to help adolescents develop self-concept. To this end, a five-stage literature review was conducted. It consisted of (1) literature collection, (2) literature selection; (3) reviewing literature sources; (4) concluding study results; and (5) discussing study results. Fifteen articles were reviewed. The values in the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa included religiosity, nationalism, independence, cooperation, and integrity. These values align with the person-centered counseling approach, which focuses on developing self-concept. This study concluded that the integration of person-centered counseling might help adolescents find their self-concept. This study is expected to be useful for counselors and other researchers in developing the concept of person-centered counseling with the values of the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa.

Culture is a pivotal aspect determining the success of the counseling process. Students in Senior High School 1 Karangan Trenggalek experience various self-concept-related problems. In this regard, Trenggalek Regency' Jaranan Turangga Yaksa emerges as one of the local cultural values potentially improving self-concept and development. In the counseling context, the person-centered counseling approach is typically employed to help the clients find their self-concept. The purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to describe the concept of person-centered counseling; (2) to describe the cultural values in the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa; (3) To integrate the values in Jaranan Turangga Yaksa with person-centered counseling approach to help adolescents develop self-concept. To this end, a five-stage literature review was conducted. It consisted of (1) literature collection, (2) literature selection; (3) reviewing literature sources; (4) concluding study results; and (5) discussing study results. Fifteen articles were reviewed. The values in the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa included religiosity, nationalism, independence, cooperation, and integrity. These values align with the person-centered counseling approach, which focuses on developing self-concept. This study concluded that the integration of person-centered counseling might help adolescents find their self-concept. This study is expected to be useful for counselors and other researchers in developing the concept of person-centered counseling with the values of the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa.

Pengaruh Pendekatan Taktis Terhadap Keterampilan Passing pada Siswa Turangga Sakti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan taktis terhadap keterampilan passing dalam sepak bola di sekolah sepakbola Turangga Sakti. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksperimen, dengan membagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Kelas kontrol dengan tidak ada perlakuan pendekatan taktis dan kelompok eksperimen dengan perlakuan pendekatan taktis. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa sekolah sepakbola Turangga Sakti yang berjumlah 96 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan passingdengan melakukan teste dengan jarak 4 meter dengan durasi waktu 30 detik yang dilakukan dilapangan dan diruangan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t dan persentase. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan pada hasil pre tes dan post tesdengan t uji t didapat nilai t = 2.349 dengan derejat kebebasan n1 + n2 – 2 = 48 + 48 – 2 = 94 dan p-value (2-tailed) = 0,021. Uji hipotesis yang dilakukan adalah hipotesis satu sisi nailai p-value (2-tailed) dibagi menjadi 2.349 : 2 = 0,11745 karena harga p-value = 0,11745 lebi kecil dari α = 0,05 maka Ho ditolak. Artinya ada pengaruh penerapan pendekatan taktis terhadap keterampilan passing siswa Sekolah Sepakbola Turangga Sakti.

Kebudayaan merupakan salah satu bentuk hasil cipta dan karya dalam masyarakat yang dapat diekspresikan ke dalam berbagai bentuk. Salah satu unsur kebudayan yang disebutkan adalah kesenian tradisional. Kuda Lumping menjadi salah satu kesenian tradisional berupa tarian dengan gerakan-gerakan kuda.Kota Semarang sebagai ibukota provinsi Jawa Tengah juga memiliki kesenian Kuda Lumping bernama Kuda Lumping Turangga Tunggak Semi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan emik. Dalam wawancara peneliti menggunakan teknik SLC dengan prespektif emik sehingga pengambilan datanya dalam bentuk narasi, cerita, dan bahasa asli hasil kontruksi para narasumber dalam bentuk rekaman, tanpa ada interpretasi dari peneliti. Data yang diperoleh ditranskrip dan direduksi lalu kemudian diabstraksikan yang bertujuan untuk menampilkan fakta. Kesenian Kuda Lumping Turangga Tunggak Semi ini dibawakan dari Demak oleh Mbah Sargi pada tahun 70 -an. Asal Usul kesenian Kuda Lumping Turangga Tunggak Semi berasal dari kisah Prabu Kelono Suwodhono dan pasukan kudanya melawan raksasa Buto Ijo. Kesenian ini sering dipertunjukan secara rutin tahuanan dalam acara “Merti Desa” di Kampung Jurang Belimbing Tembalang. Perlu adanya perhatian lebih dari pemerintah setempat dengan cara yang tepat agar kesenian tersebut berkembang lebih baik.Kata Kunci: Kebudayaan; Kesenian; Kuda Lumping; Jurang Belimbing

Kereta api merupakan moda transportasi yang memiliki jaminan keselamatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan transportasi lainnya karena memiliki jalurnya sendiri. Namun pada kenyataannya masih terjadi kecelakaan kereta api. Kecelakaan yang baru saja terjadi pada awal tahun 2024, yakni kecelakaan antara kereta api Turangga dan Commuter Line Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah jaminan keselamatan terhadap penumpang pada kecelakaan kereta api serta tanggung jawab PT KAI terhadap penumpang akibat kecelakaan dalam kereta api. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penumpang memiliki hak untuk mendapatkan jaminan keselamatan, serta dalam kasus kecelakaan KA Turangga dan Commuter Line Bandung sudah melaksanakan tugasnya. Namun demikian diperlukan upaya optimalisasi jaminan keselamatan oleh PT KAI agar kecelakaan kereta api tidak terjadi lagi.

The article discusses contradictory portrayal of partition of the United India in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy Man and Kamila Shamsie’s A God in Every Stone. The analysis of these novels exposes the contradictory line of depiction with reference to the issue of the partition. Sidhwa (2015) narrates story of the novel through a Parsee character, Lenny, in order to look at the partition through perspective of a minority community. Before the partition, characters of different religious backgrounds maintained affinity and homogeneity. However, during the faith-based partition, the bond of affinity weakened and the characters once close friends turned out to be enemies who did not hesitate killing each other. The British colonizers indoctrinated faith-based identities in the Indians and developed differences among them. The article implies Frantz Fanon’s views about pitfalls of decolonization and views of Edward Said about colonial narratives. Contrary to this, Kamila Shamsie, though, highlights colonial ambition by including the theme of archaeology in the novel, however, she valorizes The British Empire by comparing it with the Ottoman Empire. She belittles the anti-colonial movements of Pashtun leaders, Bacha Khan and Haji Sahib of Turangzai. The anti-colonial struggle of the Khudai Khidmatgar is ridiculed for being non-violent. However, Haji Sahib of Turangzai is criticized for using violence against the British colonizers. The Pashtun cultural values are seen through the eyes of an Englishwoman, Viv. She devalues anti-colonial movements by considering social change more important than political change. Key Words: Partition, Identity, British Raj, Pashtun, Khudai Khidmatgar.

Shrubland communities dominated by manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J. Forst. and G. Forst.) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides ((A. Rich) J. Thompson) are widespread throughout New Zealand. They frequently colonise disturbed land surfaces and are important for erosion mitigation, and also for their capacity to act as a carbon (C) sink. We here investigate C and nitrogen (N) cycling in 3 stands (~26–56 years old) that had established on a repeatedly burned forest site on a Podzolic Orthic Pumice soil in the Turangi area, central North Island. For comparison, limited measurements of N cycling were also made at other manuka–kanuka sites on non-volcanic soils. Leaf N concentrations at the Turangi site were 11.8–13.9 g/kg, and lower than those at many of the other manuka–kanuka stands. Total annual litterfall and N content increased with stand age, as did total N concentrations in FH material and mineral soil (0–100 mm depth). Total C concentrations in mineral soil did not, however, differ significantly in the 3 stands. Levels of soil microbial C and N, rates of carbon dioxide production, and metabolic coefficients (qCO2 values) suggest C cycling could be fairly rapid at this site. In contrast, rates of net mineral-N and nitrate-N production were low to very low compared with those in similar pumice soils under angiosperm–conifer forests, and in the non-volcanic soils under other manuka–kanuka stands. Low N availability and tight N cycling at the Turangi site are thereby strongly suggested. No definitive explanation for the atypically low N availability at this site is apparent, although the possible effects of previous forest burnings may have been a contributing factor. The continued growth of these shrubs, nevertheless, shows they can compete successfully for the N that does become available through gross N mineralisation in the Turangi ecosystem.

The relationships among sections and species within each section in the genus Populus have attracted much attention from taxonomists and biologists. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of Populus phylogenetics and discuss the origin of some hybrid species. There has been some controversy surrounding the origin of the genus Populus in North America and subsequent dispersal and differentiation in other parts of the world. We present the most plausible scenario based on phylogenetic analysis and fossil records. Sections Abaso, Turanga and Populus are all monophyletic, whereas sections Aigeiros, Tacamahaca and Leucoidesshow some degree of polyphyly. Sections Abaso and Turanga are relatively primitive lineages in Populus. With the accumulation of sequencing data and new analytical tools, it will be possible to investigate more complicated issues concerning genus Populus within a phylogenetic framework.

Undang Undang Pemajuan Kebudayaan (UU No. 5 Tahun 2017) mengamanatkan untuk melakukan perlindungan, pengembangan, pemanfaatan dan pembinaan berbagai jenis kebudayaan. Salah satu jenis dari kebudayaan adalah kesenian. Berbagai macam jenis kesenian yang ada di tengah masyarakat perlu mendapatkan perlindungan, pengembangan dan pembinaan. Kesenian tradisional Kuda Lumping “Turangga Tunggak Semi” yang berada di Kampung Seni Jurang Belimbing Kelurahan Tembalang merupakan kelompok kesenian tradisional yang masih didukung kederadaannya oleh masyarakat sekitarnya. Kelompok kesenian ini beranggotakan anak-anak muda yang berada di kampung seni Jurang Belimbing yang didukung oleh para sesepuh dan perangkat desa di kampung tersebut. Di era Global dimana anak-anak muda cenderung menggandrungi budaya dari luar, namun di kampung seni jurang belimbing generasi muda masih sangat memperhatikan bahkan melestarikan kesenian tradisional yang sudah mulai ditinggalkan masyarakat pada umumnya. Pemerintah Kota Semarang berupaya untuk melestarikan dan melakukan pembinaan terhadap Kesenian Kuda Lumping “Turangga Tunggak Semi” dengan menetapkan Kampung Jurang Belimbing sebagai Kampung Tematik Seni dan Budaya. Upaya ini dimaksudkan selain untuk melestarikan beberapa kesenian yang berada di Kampung tersebut, juga diharapkan akan membawa dampak pada peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat setempat.

The Wiyu village's traditional arts have not developed or made much progress in the last two years since the outbreak began. As one of the reinforcements of the village, this traditional art must be revived so that the tourist village can be re-run with more varied programs. For instance, in the form of incentive tourism locations where the village potential is fully developed to support the success of the existing tourist destinations. One of the bantengan arts groups that requires special attention in order to compete is Turangga Jaya, which is located in Wiyu Village, Pacet Subdistrict, and Mojokerto Regency. In this case, researchers packaged the performances for welcoming and also created a Youtube channel as a means of promotion and documentation to increase marketing success. It is necessary to use promotional materials as part of a marketing strategy to connect with art enthusiasts so that the younger generation knows about it. This art will have viewers among the younger generation if it can use social media as a promotional tool. Thus, to assist the survival of the Turangga Jaya bantengan art, this community service strategy was implemented.

This article is a report based on the deliberations of a national Māori Hui held at the Hirangi marae, Turangi on Sunday 29 January 1995. Sir Hepi Te Heuheu called the Hui in response to the Government's Proposals for the Settlement of Treaty of Waitangi Claims and to consider how the rangatiratanga of Iwi might be advanced. The report discusses some preliminary considerations. The report then criticises the process adopted to develop the Proposal, including its lack of genuine consultation. The report then discusses the principles underlying the Proposal, the assumptions made by the Proposal, and the Proposal's settlement framework. An alternative approach is provided by the report, mostly focusing on constitutional change. The final part of the report contains substantive recommendations for the Crown.

Soil-ecological studies were carried out in Balkhash district of Almaty region on the left bank of the Ili River, where grow the unique turanga trees included into the Red List - Populus pruinosa Schrenk. Since ancient times, turanga has been considered a sacred, tenacious tree, reaching a height of 15-20 meters, it protects plantings from drying out and waterlogging of soil and, in strong winds, it stops the movement of sand, its roots penetrate deeply and retain surface moisture, as well as groundwater. The trees are in extremely critical situation. There are a lot of fallen trees, in some places cut down, broken, uprooted, sick, infected with parasites. The research object was subjected to anthropogenic degradation, pasture digression and desertification. The soil surface is represented by ordinary gray soil, which forms in the foothill desert-steppe zone. Common gray soils are underdeveloped stony-gravelly medium loamy, sandy and sandy loam and form complexes with alluvial, takyr-like, sandy and solonchak soils. The soil-ecological conditions of Ili barberry - Berberis iliensis Popov - were studied in this area. The condition of barberry is satisfactory; in some places there are dried out thinned shrubs. The overgrazing of animals takes place on the territory, which leads to compaction and decrease in soil water-physical properties.

Nangkih dalam masyarakat Karo berarti kawin lari. Nangkih atau kawin lari ini adalah hal yang dilakukan oleh sepasang kekasih yang ingin menikah tetapi terhalang oleh restu keluarga, dalam hal ini nangkih dilakukan bukan karena tidak direstui saja sebagian masyarakat Karo mempercayai bahwa dengan nangkih maka anak mereka yang akan berkeluarga akan mendapatkan kebahagiaan. Nangkih ini dilakukan dengan membawa anak gadis kerumah anak beru dari pihak laki-laki tetapi yang sudah menikah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan performansi, indeksikalitas dan partisipan dalam acara nangkih masyarakat Karo yang mendiami Desa Turangi Kec. Salapian Kab. Langkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode kualitatif dengan cara mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dan pengumpulan data dilakukan di Desa Turangi Kec. Salapian Kab. Langkat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menunjukkan bahwa dalam acara nangkih tersebut dipercayai bahwa akan membawa kebahagiaan dalam keluarga mereka. Tradisi ini dimulai dengan berbicara kepada kedua orang tua bahwa mereka akan menikah setelah itu orang tua mereka memberitahu tata cara nangkih dan harus membawa gadis tersebut ke rumah anak beru dari pihak laki-laki yang sudah menikah dan dirumah anak beru tersebutlah mereka menyampaikan maksud mereka. Adapun performansi berbahasa dalam tradisi ini ialah pada saat menyampaikan maksud ke rumah anak beru dan pergi kerumah pihak perempuan. Indeksikalitas dalam penelitian ini adalah penyandingan yaitu berupa kain sarung Karo, kain Karo, pisau dan ayam, sirih dan perlengkapannya. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak beru dari kedua pihak beserta kedua orang tua. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah performansi yang dituturkan pada acara nangkih tersebut, indeksikalitas dalam penelitian ini adalah benda atau alat yang menjadi inti dalam acara tersebut dan partisipan dalam acara ini adalah anak beru dari kedua belah pihak beserta orang tua. Nangkih in Karo society means eloping. Nangkih or elopement is something that is done by a couple who wants to get married but is hindered by the blessing of the family, in this case it is not done because it is not condoned by some people because the Karo community believes that by being embryo, their children who will have a family will get happiness. This Nangkih is done by bringing a girl home to a male child from a male party but who is married. This study aims to describe the performance, indexicality and participation of the Karo community who live in the village of Turangi Kec.Salapian, Langkat Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by collecting data through interviews and data collection is carried out in the Turangi Village, Selalalang District, Langkat Regency. The results of this study are to show that in the event the jackfruit is believed that will bring happiness in their families. This tradition begins by talking to both parents that they will get married after which their parents tell them how to be tall and have to bring the girl to the house of the new baby from the married man and at the house of the baby they express their intentions. The language performance in this tradition is when conveying the intention to the child home and go to the women's house. Indexicality in this study is a comparison in the form of Karo sarong, Karo cloth, knife and chicken, betel nut and accessories. Participants in this study were new children from both parties and their parents. The conclusion of this study is the performance spoken at the high-profile event, indexicality in this study is the object or tool that is the core of the event and participants in this event are new children from both parties and parents.

The genus Populus L. belongs to the family Salicaceae Mirb., mainly distributed in the Northern temperate regions. It consists of about 35 species in the world and about 8 species in India. The 8 Indian species of Populus L. belong to 5 sections viz. Populus, Leucoides Spach, Tacamahaca Spach, Aigeiros Duby and Turanga Bunge. The section Tacamahaca Spach is the major one having 3 species in Indian distribution. These three species of the section Tacamahaca Spach are discussed in detail along with a plate and an illustration. A key to the species is also provided for better understanding of the relationship between these three species.

In looking at the character and characteristics of a woman who is good and not good or who is called Katuranggan as a marker of the basic character. Katuranggan comes from the word turangga which means horse. The science of katurangan is actually a science of the traits and traits of horses as the mounts as well as the train pullers. Furthermore, this term katuranggan borrowed/used also to understand the characteristics of women based on their physical characteristics. This paper discusses female customers based on those of Serat Centhini, the character of Arjuna's wives, female characters from the face, the female character based on the impression of their body, the female character based on the expression of the expression, the female character according to the characteristics of their body.

The performing arts of traditional theater in the community, especially in the Mojokerto area, there are many art groups that still exist. This is evidenced by the large number of art groups spread across various regions in the regency and city of Mojokerto. One of the iconic arts that is the pride of Mojokerto residents is Bantengan art, this art has its own prestige for every Mojokerto resident. Bantengan art is almost owned by every village, usually between one village and another village competing with each other to make the banteng arts group they protect better than the others. Because of that, the banteng arts in the Mojokerto region are developing and are in demand by the younger generation. Besides that, the bullfighting art certainly has its own challenges in its conservation efforts, this is because of the challenges of modernization and technological developments. In other words, the banteng that exist in Mojokerto are able to survive because each region has its own prestige to preserve and make the banteng arts group superior to other groups. However, specifically in the community service carried out by the writer in the village of Wiyu, Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency, he found that the storyline of the banteng storyline had not been conceptualized into a traditional theatrical performance. Thus the author goes directly into the field to collect data in an effort to write a dramatic story about the bullfighting scene with a simpler packaging but conveys the meaning and message of the story.

Pemahaman budaya daerah perlu dimiliki setiap orang sejak dini. Pada SDN 3 Pringapus mempelajari kesenian jaranan Turangga Yaksa untuk mengenalkan kepada siswanya. Akan tetapi proses belajar yang hanya terpaku pada buku serta kurangnya faktor interaktif, sehingga menurunnya minat belajar siswa. Dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi informasi, upaya untuk meningkatkan minat belajar anak dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai media, salah satunya adalah menggunakan media interaktif. Oleh karena itu dirancang sebuah multimedia interaktif menggunakan software pengolah multimedia. Karakter yang digunakan adalah karakter anak lengkap dengan pakaian jaranan dengan muka yang ceria, warna yang dominan hijau, dan warna dasar serta teks yang sederhana supaya mudah dibaca untuk memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh siswa. Setelah proses selesai maka selanjutnya pengujian efektivitas produk dengan cara penyebaran kuisioner. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian melalui penyebaran kuisioner yang telah dilakukan di SDN III Pringapus kecamatan Dongko kabupaten Trenggalek, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa 93% media pembelajaran ini dikatakan efektif.

Panca Wasta is a teaching at the level of family life which contains advice on values that elevate human position in personality, nobility, welfare and knowledge that must be possessed by a man (Javanese) in particular. The focus of the creation of the work is in the form of a kris blade which is inspired by the five elements of the Panca Wasta teachings which contain; wisma, turangga, kukila, curiga and wanita, using recycled metal. The purpose of the creation of this work is to create a dhapur kris blade using recycled metal with a metaphorical tinatah motif from the five elements of the panca wasta teachings. The creation of works uses an artistic creation approach, namely; experiment, contemplation and embodiment of works. The resulting work is a kris blade complete with warangka, hulu/jejeran/ukiran, mendhak, and pendok of Surakarta style. When the teachings of Panca Wasta are used as the concept of creating a kris, it shows that the work of a kris is quite interesting, has aesthetic beauty and full of philosophical values and meanings.

Produksi terung di Kabupaten Sintang masih rendah hanya 0,66 ton/Ha, penyebabnya karena beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah tanah yang kurang subur karena didominasi oleh tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Upaya meningkatkan produksi tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa langkah salah satunya adalah pemilihan varietas yang sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan tumbuh terutama tanah dan iklim. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil enam varietas terung pada tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan lapangan dan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri dari Varietas Terung Mustang (V1), Milano (V2), Bungo (V3), Lezata (V4), Turangga (V5) dan Raos (V6). Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan uji F, jika menunjukkan ada pengaruh nyata pada selang kepercayaan 0,05 kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari enam varietas tanaman terung dengan pertumbuhan dan hasil tertinggi adalah Lezata, rata-rata pertambahan tinggi tanaman 44,04 cm, persentase bunga menjadi buah (5,76%), jumlah buah (2,47 buah), dan berat buah tertinggi 20,71 g.

The conservation and diversity of microRNA (miRNA) families provide insights into the evolution of miRNA genes. However, there are few studies to explore the miRNA genes at the genus level in plants. Here, we identified 1194 miRNA loci in four Populus species P. deltoides, P. euphratica, P. tremula, and P. trichocarpa from Aigeiros, Turanga, Populus, and Tacamahaca sections, respectively, by combining de novo and homolog-based approaches. Our results indicated that a similar number of miRNA loci exist in each species (296–301 miRNA loci). Among the identified 143 miRNA families, 68 families are shared by the studied four species, and 31 families are species-specific, which might be related to local adaptation. Additionally, multiple miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found, indicating that polymorphisms in pre-miRNA hairpins were likely to affect miRNA biogenesis. This study expanded the breadth and depth of miRNA annotations and provided valuable resources for further exploring the diversity and function of poplar miRNAs.

A language and its environment are so dependent one another that maintaining a language also means maintaining its environment. One of the purposes of studying a language and its environment is to maintain the lexicon associated with the ecological environment, known as ecolexicon. This paper aims at maintaining Karonese ecolexicon through cengkah-cengkah, one of the Karonese traditional games in Lau Kambing and Turangi, the villages located in Salapian Sub-District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted based on ecolinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. The data were the ecolexicon used in the Karonese traditional game cengkah-cengkah (both its old and new version). The data were collected using interview and document techniques. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the new version of Karonese traditional game cengkah-cengkah inserted more ecolexical items related to flora, cardinal points and land matters. Besides, most of the ecolexical items inserted in this game were the endangered ecolexicon that needed to be maintained. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that traditional games can serve as a good alternative way of language maintenance. Therefore, it is suggested to other researchers to do more studies on language maintenance involving traditional games from other regions.

A Short-Toed Eagle (STE, Circaetus gallicus) nest was observed over the reproductive period of 2023 in Altyn-Emel National Park located in the south-east of Kazakhstan (Zhetysus oblast of the Republic of Kazakhstan). The nest location was on the right bank of the Ile River in arid terrain of clay conglomerate, 12–15 km east of the dry lowland massif of Ulken Kalkan (Ile Forestry section “Zhagalybai”) near the “Kosbastau” area. The nest was built on a live Turanga poplar (Populus diversifolia) about 5 m high on one of two dried branching trunks in the apex of the tree at a height of 3.7 m. Judging by the massiveness of the nest, this was not the first year that this pair of Short-Toed Eagles nested here. A nest of Saxaul Sparrow (Passer ammodendri) was located 50 m away on another turanga tree in a hollow formed by the fall of a dry branch (fully-feathered nestlings observed May 8). At least one pair of Indian Sparrows (Passer indicus) was nesting in the mass of the STE nest. One egg was observed in the STE nest on May 8, which represents a complete clutch, characteristic of the species. On the same day a camera trap (Digital Trail Camera HH-662, 16mp) with a combined trigger mode (3 images and 20-second video with a 20 min delay interval) was installed on a dry turanga poplar 1.7–2.0 m from the nest. Over the next three months, from 8 May to 10 August of this year, the incubating pair, and subsequently the hatched nestlings, were observed, until the nestlings fledged, though regularly returned to the nest from 10–15 August. To note, these were fragmentary, rather than constant observations by the camera trap due to the fact that the installed flash drive was periodically completely filled up and the charge of AA alkaline batteries ran out multiple times. Both individuals of the pair tolerated the close proximity of the camera trap almost immediately, and the camera trap recorded the pair taking turns at egg incubation as early as May 10. They sometimes changed turns in the early morning hours, almost immediately after sunrise. During egg incubation, one of the adults brought a freshly broken 70 cm twig of Elaeagnus (Elaeagnus oxycarpa) with leaves and ripening fruit to the nest when taking over incubation from its partner. On June 26, a nestlings covered in white down was observed in the nest. It also had pin feather stubs and opening pin feathers (pin feathers that are open by one-quarter to one-third) of flight feathers and contour feathers and back plumage that had already begun to open. It also had pins among the downy plumage on the head. When checked on July 19, the nest box contained an almost fully feathered nestlings, with growing remex and rectrix feathers. At times it actively flapped its fully opened wings while bouncing in the nest, evidently preparing to fledge. Both adults fed the nestlings on various species of snakes, including the Arrow Snake (Psammophis lineolatus) observed on July 3 and 14, Sand Boa (Eryx tataricus) observed on July 12, and Rat Snake (Elaphe dione) observed on July 7 and 15. Notably, the nestlings used its beak to pull the snakes out of the throat and esophagus of the parents, who had at that point swallowed the snake by half or even completely (July 3, 6, 7, 12, 15), at the same time the nestlings, helping itself, sometimes grasped the pulled snake with one of its paws (July 7). The recorded frequency and abundance of snake prey items may indirectly indicate a relatively high occurrence and abundance of snakes on the territory of the national park in its coastal part and quite a rich prey base of these reptiles in contrast to the neighboring geographical area in the Southern Pribalkhashie, where Hedgehogs (Erinaceus auritus) prevailed as prey items at the stage of feeding the fledged chick. Among the prey items of STEs recorded by camera trap (photos and video) in Altyn-Emel in 2023, hedgehogs were not recorded. Notably, on July 9, the nestlings began to pull sharply the end of tail from the beak of the adult, practically in the same way as in cases with snakes brought by parents, and the adult then regurgitated a nearly completely swallowed adult male steppe agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus). The authors are grateful to Alisher Kanapiy and Kanat Ospankul for their assistance with the field research, installation and periodic checking of the camera trap.

Drought stress during generative stage affected pod yield, yield components, seed and pod qualities of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The reseach was carried out to assess the effect of drought stress at various soil water availabilities during generative stage on pod yield, pod and seed physical qualities. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo District during July-October 2012. Five genotypes were arranged in a RCB design, with 3 replicates. The replications were nested into four treatments of soil water availability (0-100, 0-85, 0-70,0-55 days after sowing/DAS). The pods were harvested at 102 days after sowing. The result showed that the shorter the water availability, the lower the leaf relative water content, pod and seed water contents, number of mature pods, seed size, and intact seeds weight. Pod yield reduced when water was available upto 55 DAS only. Turangga variety had the highest pod yield (1.626 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. GH-51 yielded in 1.076 ton ha-1 with superior pod and seed physical qualities. Despite of its lowest pod yield (0.964 ton ha-1), J-11 produced the same pod and seed physical qualities as GH 51 did. ICGV 86590 was superior on its pod yield (1.338 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. Kancil variety did not perform any superiority.<br /><br />Keywords: intact seeds, leaf relative water content, pod moisture content, seed moisture content

For Javanese people, a house serves as both a shelter and a symbol. a representation of one's value, dignity, and perfection as a human being, especially for men. According to Javanese philosophy, a man is considered ideal if he already possesses a wisma, wanodya, turangga, curiga, and kukila. The house can serve as both a symbol and a window into the personality of those who live there. The pendopo serves as a gathering place and performs various tasks while displaying the emblem and persona of the owner. The pendopo performs several roles that reflect social standing and the owner's image in addition to acting as a collaborative or public place. The research aims to examine the Dalem Wuryaningratan in Surakarta. The focus of the study is on the application of the symbol and image of the owner in the pendopo. The research method uses a qualitative approach that produces descriptive data through observing objects, conducting interviews, and reviewing documents. Dalem Wuryaningratan is a well-preserved heritage building in Surakarta. The building is a legacy of KPH Wuryaningrat, the original owner. Meanwhile, the new owner, Haji Santosa Doellah, is a batik entrepreneur in Surakarta. The building is now called the House of Danar Hadi, and it is located in the area of the Danar Hadi batik museum. The building is a mix of Javanese and European (Indische style). Although it is no longer a residential building, the image of Javanese nobility is still maintained to preserve the structure. In particular, the appearance of the pendopo reflects the status symbol and embodiment of Javanese nobility.

AbstractThe Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) was used in this study for genetic fingerprinting and identification of 28 important Populus L. (poplar) cultivars (varieties/ clones), and determination of the genetic relationships among these cultivars. These 28 cultivars belonged to sections Aigeiros, Tacahamaca, Leuce, Turanga, and hybrids between sections Aigeiros and Tacahamaca. Out of 27 ISSR primers tested, eight primers generated clear multiplex profiles. The best three primers produced 154 easily detectable fragments, 129 (84%) of which were polymorphic among the cultivars. Each of these 3 primers produced fingerprint profiles unique to each of the accessions studied, and thus could be solely used for their identification. Twenty-five markers, unique to 10 of the cultivars studied, were detected. These markers may be converted into cultivar-specific probes for identification purposes. Genetic relationships among the cultivars were evaluated by generating a similarity matrix based on the simple matching coefficient and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendrogram. The results showed a clear-cut separation of cultivars among different sections of poplar, and were in agreement with the genealogy of the sampled cultivars. The present study shows that ISSR markers could generate abundant polymorphism, are reproducible, and are quick for characterization of poplar cultivars. In the future, the markers used in this study, in combination with other molecular techniques, could provide a useful panel of ISSR markers for largescale DNA fingerprinting of poplar cultivars and determination of the genetic relationships among these cultivars.

Abstract Highly gametic sterility of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ restricts its utilization in breeding programs of Populus. Amphidiploid induction by somatic chromosome doubling is expected to restore its gametic fertility. In this study, nodal-segment and leaf explants of ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ were used to induce chromosome doubling with colchicine in vitro. Although chromosome doubling of the nodal-segment explants only produced mixoploids, the treatments of leaf explants on adventitious bud regeneration medium successfully produced 4 amphidiploids, which might be attributed to the direct organogenesis of the adventitious buds on the leaf explants. This is the first report of amphidiploid induction in a distant hybrid between Populus section Tacamahaca and sect. Turanga. The highest amphidiploid induction frequency was 16.7 %. Both the explant survival rate and polyploidization frequency were significantly affected by colchicine concentration and exposure time. The amphidiploid plants significantly differed from the diploid and mixoploid plants in morphological and anatomical characteristics. They had larger, thicker, and greener leaves than the diploids and mixoploids. The increase in ploidy level also resulted in changes in stomatal features. The induced amphidiploid plants of the distant hybrid ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ are expected to play important roles in breeding programs of Populus in the future, which can be used as a bridge parent with the ability of unreduced gamete formation to cross with fast-growth germplasms to produce triploids pyramiding desirable traits of fast growth, easy cutting propagation, and salt and drought tolerances.

Abstract Many dioecious angiosperms are trees, which only flower after years of vegetative development and do not usually exhibit marked secondary sexual dimorphism. Nevertheless, if the genetic basis of sex determination is known, the sex of an individual can be determined using molecular markers. Here, we report that in the genus Populus sect. Populus an XY system of sex determination, which is found in P. tremula and P. tremuloides, likely re-evolved from a ZW system present in P. alba, P. adenopoda and P. qiongdaoensis. Strikingly, this new XY system is mechanistically identical to the older system found in several species of the Populus sections Tacamahaca, Aigeiros and Turanga demonstrating a remarkable example of convergent evolution. In both XY systems, male-specific inversely repeated sequences appear to silence the ARR17 gene, which functions as a sex switch, via small interfering RNAs and DNA methylation. In the ZW system, female-specific copies of ARR17 appear to regulate dioecy. With this detailed information on the genetic basis of sex determination it was possible to develop molecular markers that can be utilized to determine the sex in seedlings and non-flowering trees of different poplar species. We used the female-specific ARR17 gene to develop a sex marker for P. alba and P. adenopoda. For P. grandidentata, we employed the male-specific ARR17 inverted repeat. Finally, we summarize previously described markers for P. tremula, P. tremuloides, P. trichocarpa, P. deltoides and P. nigra. These markers can be useful for poplar ecologists, geneticists and breeders.

The article discusses the biodiversity of the fauna, the vertebrate animals of the National park - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, as well as the assessment of the biodiversity of the most important component of the flora of protected areas - the species composition of trees and shrubs. According to the forest - growing and forestry zoning, the forest - growing province of the desert zone includes: saxaul and tugai forests, and in the Ili province of tugai forests, the forest-growing area of Ili ash, loch and willow tugai forests [1]. The flora of the national park includes more than 60 endemic, subendemic and rare species belonging to 20 families and 39 genera of plants [2,9]. Three species - the Ili ferula, the desert colossus and the kermek are relict, endemic. There are only 8 species that are narrowly endemic, of which three are acorn, ferula and sunbird - rare and listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are 21 red Book species in total. Among them are barberry, ash, honeysuckle, turanga. Rare and endangered species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan occupy a prominent place among the fauna [3,4,6]. According to the results of the assessment of the taxonomic biodiversity of the studied animals, relatively high indicators of representativeness were revealed for all their groups in the context of orders, families, genera and species. This also concerns the role of specially protected natural areas in the sustainable conservation of rare and endangered species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In the breeding seasons of 2013–2023, monitoring of the permanent breeding territory of a pair of Short-Toed Eagles (Circaetus gallicus) was conducted in the southern shore of Lake Balkhash, in the transition landscape of wetland to desert biome, in a wooded area dominated by Turanga Poplar (Populus diversifolia). It was found that, at least during the 2017, 2021, and 2022 breeding seasons, nearly fully feathered nestlings were eaten by an Asiatic Wildcat (Felis lybica ornata) shortly before they fledged from their nests. All nests observed during the monitoring periods were located in the uppermost center of a poplar tree crown. Starting in 2021, a DJI Mavic 2 PRO quadrocopter was used for monitoring. Using a Bushnell Nature View 12MP camera trap in 2017, an Asiatic wildcat was found to have repeatedly visited the nest at the top of a tall poplar tree during the breeding season, but did not eat neither the egg nor the nestling at various stages of its development. A pair of Short-Toed Eagles from this nest was tolerant of a pair of Shikras, or little banded Goshawkes (Accipiter badius), nesting 5 m away in a neighboring poplar. Adult Shikras, on the contrary, showed aggressive behavior toward Short-Toed Eagles approaching their nest, especially after their nestlings had hatched. Notably, in 2022 and 2023 the Short-Toed Eagles reused the same nest. Moreover, despite a negative breeding outcome in 2022, the pair successfully raised a nestling in 2023 until it fledged from the nest. The nestling, sometimes accompanied by one of the parents, was still in this poplar grove in late August and early September of 2023, often resting in a large poplar 70 m from the nest. The nest itself also continued to be used as a roost and foraging area, where prey, mainly Long-Eared Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus), were brought and eaten.

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the forms of gold occurrence in the Takyr graben alluvial-proluvial deposits in order to develop a low-waste resource-saving processing technology. Methods. At the first stage, in the course of field studies, the geological structure of the site is specified, samples are taken for mineralogical-technological analysis, which includes the following procedures: studying granulometric and mineral composition of detrital material; fractional gravitational beneficiation of the source material; fractional beneficiation of material pre-processed in the autogenous mill (AG mill); studying free (native) and bound gold in beneficiation products, their quantitative assessment. The samples are processed under the three-stage scheme using an autogenous mill for sample preparation. Findings. For the first time, the geological structure of the site has been specified with the identification of the deposits in the Turangi and Tuzkabak suites within its boundaries, as well as granulometric and petrographic composition of gold-bearing deposits, and the specifics of gold bearing. The detrital material, represented by quartz with a sharply subordinate amount of quartzite, quartz diorites and jasperoids, is practically identical in all fractions. Originality. For the first time, various types of gold mineralization have been identified in placer sands: clastogenic, newly-formed hypergene, newly-formed hydrothermal and residual. Fractional beneficiation makes it possible to estimate the gold content in each fraction and gravitational beneficiation products, as well as the ratio of free and bound native gold in different fractions. The largest amount of free native gold has been revealed in fractions of -0.25 + 0.1 mm (60%) and -0.074 + 0.044 mm (~40%). Gold is high-grade (96.5%) with an admixture of silver and iron. Together with gold, ilmenite, zircon, scheelite, native bismuth, as well as barite, galena, sphalerite, and dolomite have been identified. Practical implications. The research results make it possible to reassess the prospects of similar objects, to adjust the scheme and methodology for processing stream-sediment samples, to solve the issues of productive sand processing technology, as well as to improve the efficiency of geological exploration and eliminate the “underestimation” of gold deposits. The results obtained can be recommended for implementation by both domestic and foreign organizations specializing in the exploration and mining of gold deposits.

The Important Bird Area (IBA) “Donyz-Tau cliff faces” (KZ019), with an area of 387,110 hectares, has been allocated by I.V. Karyakin (2008) based on survey results in 2003–2006. Survey showed several globally threatened and biome-specific species nesting here, including Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) and Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), 26 breeding pairs of each species (Karyakin, 2008). Condition of large raptor nesting groups in the IBA was then checked (territories were always checked partially) in 2012, 2017, and 2018. IBA “Donyz-Tau cliff faces” is located in the Aktobe, Atyrau, and Mangistau regions of Kazakhstan, with 70% of an area belonging to Aktobe region. “Donyz-Tau cliff faces” is part of escarpments that form the northern border of the Ustyurt mesa plateau. In Aktobe region IBA is extended along the “Donyz-Tau cliff faces” in the latitudinal direction. It includes cliff faces itself with a variety of characteristic relief forms, along with adjacent strips of a watershed mesa plateau and a salt marsh depression along the cliff faces foot. Cliff faces scrap within the IBA ranges in width from 5 to 10 km (about 1100 km2), plateau and depression strips do not exceed 10 km as well. Pelitophytic and hemipsammophytic deserts lead among vegetation at plateau, characteristic petrophytic and gypsophytic desert communities predominate here along with steppe and shrub communities in logs and other shady habitats; in the sub cliff faces depression, halophytic succulent and annual saltwort deserts predominate. IBA survey within the Aktobe region was carried mainly between June 15 and June 25, 2022. Survey route ran along the cliff faces from east to west, from the Aschebulak rise to the border of the Atyrau region (east of the Tamdy massif). Within the IBA, the automobile route was 250 km (+30 km outside of IBA), the length of the inspected cliff faces strip was 150 km, survey went for 10 days (11 overnight stays). Additionally, we used data on bird sightings obtained by a camera trap in August 2022. For Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and Eastern Imperial Eagle, nesting density was assessed not by area, but by the linear extent of favorable nesting biotopes: cliff faces and slopes of erosional ridges, as in previous surveys in the region (Karyakin et al., 2005a; 2005b; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011). Steppe Eagle nesting density was estimated for the inspected area, which was calculated based on the entire survey route and the effective width of the registration strip, amounting to about 1100 km2 as well. A total of 34 Steppe Eagle nests were found, of which only one was active (occupied). Nine permanent perches were noted. Adult birds were encountered six times (six individuals), including one on the only occupied breeding territory (Fig. 1). Traces of recent (this year) Steppe Eagle visits were noted on seven nests and seven perches. Based on these findings, considering nests locations on the ground, 13 Steppe Eagle breeding territories were found in the examined area, 11 of which had birds or traces of their recent presence (occupied breeding territories), and only one territory had successful breeding. Two breeding territories (five nests) were located outside of IBA, although close to its border. The average frequency of adult Steppe Eagle encounters was around 2.1 birds per 100 km of the route, encounter density in the study area was about 0.5 birds per 100 km2. Nesting density was 1.2 breeding territories per 100 km2, including 0.09 successful territories per 100 km2. Three previously known Steppe Eagle breeding territories were inspected. Two of them were first identified in 2012 and then checked in 2017 and 2018. One was first identified in 2017 and has not been inspected until now. All territories were first identified by an occupied nest. No breeding was detected in all three territories so far, two were occupied (traces of recent bird visits were noticed), one was possibly empty. Nests that were found in 2012 have not been preserved, and no new nests were built instead (first disappeared by 2017 already, the second – between June 2018 and June 2022). The nest that was first described in 2017 continues to exist. The only active nest was located on plateau (about 3.5 km to the edge of the cliff faces slope). When examined on June 15, it contained three nestlings aged from 26–30 to 36–40 days. After 20 days, only one nestling remained in the nest upon the second visit, most likely the eldest (the nest was visited on May 7, 2022, by A.E. Bragin and T. Katzner). Two other nestlings have possibly become prey to Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) or four-legged predators. Among Steppe Eagle pellets and food remains in nests and near perches, Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and Yellow Gound Squirrel were repeatedly identified, Steppe Agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus) and unidentified snake were found once. Saiga Antelope (Saiga tatarica) bones were used to build one nest. Nests inspected in 2022 were built on the ground, on the heap or collapse of stones, on the collapse of stone blocks of armored sandstone slabs on ledges, on burial structures, on low bushes (often leaning on a bush with one side on a slope). All nests were in the open and had enough space around them for grown nestlings to leave. Nests on the metal structures of Trigo points were previously known here, but now they have disappeared, and new ones were not built. Nests are built at relatively gentle cliff faces slopes, low gentle elevations on the plateau (behind the upper tier of the cliff faces), slopes, ridges, and remnant mountaintops of the erosion ridges of the lower cliff faces tier and in subcliff faces depression. A total of 23 Eastern Imperial Eagle nests were found, nine of which had broods at the time of the survey, in one nest the brood was possibly destroyed by Eagle Owl (traces of a gored nestling were found near an empty nest on a turanga), and a dead clutch was found in another. Thus, inhabited nests accounted for almost half of all examined nests (48%). Eleven adult birds and at least thirteen nestlings were observed in nests. The average sightings frequency of adult eagles was 3.9 birds/100 km of route, or 7.3 birds/100 km of route; the sightings density in the examined area (1100 km2) was 0.98 birds/100 km2. Virtually all observations of adult Eastern Imperial Eagles were in occupied breeding territories. Bird encounter without a connection to an occupied nest was recorded in a single case (nest most likely remained undetected). Based on the nest findings and bird sightings, 15 breeding territories were localized with certainty, with out counting previously disappeared known territories (three of them), including 12 active ones, out of which nine were successful at the time of the check. Nesting density for the entire surveyed area is 1.34 breeding territories/100 km2, including 0.98 active and 0.80 successful breeding territories/100 km2. For the length of 150 km of the surveyed cliff faces, nesting density per length of the cliff faces strip was 10 breeding territories/100 km of cliff faces, including eight active territories and of them six successful at the time of the survey/100 km. Eight previously known Eastern Imperial Eagle breeding territories (first identified in 2017 and earlier) were surveyed. Two of them turned out to be occupied with successful breeding, one is visited by birds, but no active nests were located. There is still a nest in one territory, but the area is most likely empty. In other four areas, nests have not survived (in two cases nesting trees disappeared as well), and no traces of bird presence were found. In all cases (n=6), when it was possible to examine nest contents in detail, there were two nestlings in the brood. In other cases (n=4), the number of nestlings in the brood remained unspecified (no less than one nestling). Nestlings age varied from 36 (possibly from 31) to 50 days. All found nests were located on low trees or large turanga bushes, willow, saxaul, or tamarisk. Usually, the nests were located in the upper fork of the branches or on the largest branch in the tree crown, with an open approach from above and from either side. However, from other sides the nest is often hidden by the tree crown. Nests were located at the bottom of large valleys on cliff faces or on slopes and bottoms of side logs cut into the sides of such valleys, often at the very top of the log, near the foot of the slope. Five adult Golden Eagles were encountered in the surveyed area (including two pairs) and five breeding areas were localized. Three of these territories were discovered for the first time – all of them occupied by birds, and an active nest found in one. It is possible that the remaining two occupied territories contained successful nests that remained undetected. Two breeding territories that were known since 2017 were checked as well. This year they were not occupied and, judging by nests condition and the absence of visiting signs, they have probably been empty for several years. The only found inhabited nest contained one fully feathered nestling. Other nestlings from this brood probably left the nest already, but it is more likely that at the time of examination the brood consisted of one nestling (Golden Eagle fledglings in Northern Ustyurt stay close to the nest for the first days after departure, but we did not meet any fledglings despite spending a long time at the breeding territory). The nesting density per 100 km of cliff faces was 3.3 breeding territories, including two occupied territories and between 0.7 and 2 territories with successful breeding. In total, 6–8 Golden Eagle nests were identified (some of them were attributed with uncertainty), of which one if residential, the rest are empty. All nests were located on ledges covered with canopies or in niches of high steep slopes of large valleys on cliff faces, on the cliffs of remnant erosion ridges or turtkuls. Typical nest location – at the top part of the slope, on the shelf ledge formed by a cut of the armor plate of the mesa plateau. In 2022, the share of active nests and breeding success of Steppe Eagle in IBA are the lowest for the entire observation period. The state of the nesting group can be confidently characterized as unfavorable. It has worsened significantly when compared to the situation in 2017–2018. In contrast, the state of Eastern Imperial Eagle nesting group is quite good and has undoubtedly not deteriorated in comparison with observations in 2017–2018. Golden Eagle nesting group appears to be prosperous, but its condition is worse than in 2017 and 2018, when occupied nests with successful breeding were found in all identified breeding territories. In addition to true eagles, Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus, possibly one occupied breeding territory with an active nest), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus, encounters with adult birds), and Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) were noted. The latter species is the most numerous: a total of 70 nests of Long-Legged Buzzard were found, of which eight or nine were active: nestlings were found in six of them, one was already abandoned, and in one or two there was unsuccessful breeding (dead clutch, shell remains). 15 adult birds and 11 nestlings and fledglings were accounted. Based on these findings, at least 34 Long-Legged Buzzard breeding territories were located, 14 of which were occupied this year (41%), including 7 (20%) where successful breeding took place at the time of survey. In 2022, geophysical exploration was actively carried out at the IBA in search for hydrocarbons. The production base of the geological party was located right at the eastern border of the IBA. The work benefits Tethys Petroleum Limited (TPL, Tethys Petroleum Ltd), the subsoil user id “Kul-Bas” LLP, a subsidiary of TPL. The western half of the IBA in the Aktobe region (and its entire territory in the Atyrau region) is located in the contract area where exploration and development of the Kosbulak gas field was carried out, territory belongs to KazAzot LLP since March 2016. In 2022 (as well as in 2017–2019), we did not observe any noticeable activity of the company at the IBA. From the time when IBA was identified and until 2020, there were no places for keeping livestock or long-term human settlements in its Aktobe part (they were located in its territory located in the Atyrau region). But later, in 2019, a wintering area and a zhailau appeared here, where horses and camels graze. The number of these animals are small and do not have a negative impact on the ecosystems in the area. In 2020–2021, a large number of livestock was located in IBA (including sheep) – they were temporarily transferred from the Mangistau region, where severe drought happened at the time. Traces of grazing and livestock camps are visible. No other agricultural activity was noted. However, the anthropogenic load on ecosystems has increased significantly compared to the situation before 2020, when there was no agricultural activity. Over the medium term, a great danger is posed by the rapid gas fields development, which is accompanied by the development of linear infrastructure (happening outside of IBA at the time), the emergence and expansion of permanent human presence (people and transport) in the territory.

The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) is one of the rare species of eagles breeding in Kazakhstan and inhabiting almost the entire territory of the country. The south and south-east of Kazakhstan is the southeastern border of the breeding range of the species (Karyakin, 2020). It is this part of the range that will be considered in this paper. The Imperial Eagle is classified as a Vulnerable species by the IUCN (BirdLife International, 2019), and in Kazakhstan it is listed in the Red Data Book as a Rare and Declining Species (Category III) (Pfeffer, 2010). The global population of imperial eagles as of 2016 was estimated at 2.5–9,900 adults (BirdLife International, 2019), but the current estimate of the global population is 8099–9981 breeding pairs, whereof Kazakhstan has 3420–4260 breeding pairs or 42.2–42.7% of the global population (Karyakin, 2020). In the beginning of the 21st century, the Imperial Eagle was not so rare on nesting in Western Betpak-Dala, with at least 20 pairs recorded here (Karyakin, Barabashin, 2006; Karyakin et al., 2008; Gubin, 2018). B.M. Gubin (2018), summarizing his data on Western Betpak-Dala, reports 60 known inhabited nests of Imperial Eagles, 39 of which were located on the poles of high-voltage power lines and 21 on saxaul; the birds nested most densely between Taikonur and the water station that supplies water to Stepnoi settlement. By 2018, a minimum of 18 breeding territories of the Imperial Eagle were recorded in the Chu Valley and the area from Shu to Taikonyr (Karyakin, Barabashin, 2006a; Karyakin et al., 2008; Gubin, 2018; Abdullin et al., 2020; Andreenkov et al., 2020). A large group of the species is still present in southern Kazakhstan. In the last two years, research has been conducted and the population size of the Imperial Eagle has been revised along the edge of the Moiynkum sands in forest belts, where eagles of this species have not been monitored before. A large breeding group of more than 100 pairs is concentrated in the Moiynkum sands, which forms the southeastern edge of the desert population of this species (Karyakin, 2020). During two research seasons (2022 and 2023), it was possible to collect characteristics of 49 nests of the Imperial Eagle. Most nests (85.71%) were found on the Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia), 6.12% on Turanga (Populus sp.), 4.08% on saxaul (Halóxylon sp.) and one nest each or 2.04% were recorded on Elaeagnus (Elaeagnus sp.) and electric poles (n=49). In 2022, clutch sizes ranged from 1 to 3 eggs, averaging 2±0.63 eggs per successful nest. The obtained data correlate with generalized data from literature sources. The research in 2022 (in 2023, research was conducted only in spring) showed satisfactory breeding success of the Imperial Eagle in the area under examination – 40% of successful nests, by the end of the season brood size ranged from 1 to 2 fledglings, averaging 1.75±0.5 fledglings per successful nest (n=4) and 0.78±0.97 fledglings per active nest (n=9). The overall breeding success for all nests examined was 44.44% and breeding efficiency was 58.33% (Karyakin et al., 2023). Despite the depression of the rodent population, imperial eagles are quite efficient in reorganizing to feed on different bird species and use other food items among mammals (hares Lepus sp., hedgehogs Erinaceus sp., etc.). The Imperial Eagle does not breed in the Talas Alatau (Kovshar, 1966, 2019), but is observed on migration (Chalikova, 2004; 2009; Kolbintsev, 2007; Karyakin et al., 2021). Moving eastward, to the Pribalkhashie, we can notice that the density of the species decreases. Modern finds of Imperial Eagle nests in the Southern Pribalkhashie indicate that the Imperial Eagle remains a characteristic breeding species here, but does not form dense breeding groups (Karyakin, 2020). In the east of Balkhash and on the plain to the west and south-west of Lake Alakol, the Imperial Eagle becomes rarer on breeding grounds. The results of the 2023 research in the south-east of the country indicate the absence of imperial eagles in the northern foothills of the Dzungarian Alatau and in the southern foothills of Tarbagatai. Only one case of breeding of a “mixed pair”, a female Imperial Eagle and a male Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), was recorded. Unfortunately, breeding was not successful. On the foothills plain, only single pairs of imperial eagles penetrating from the sands of the Southern Pribalkhashie nest in trees in artificial forest plantations and on power towers, distancing themselves usually more than 7 km from the other pair. In the 21st century, adult Imperial Eagles have not been observed anywhere else in the foothills of the Ketmen, Kungey Alatau and Zailiyskiy Alatu Mountains during the breeding season and their nests have not been found. As of 2018, the number of Imperial Eagles in Almaty Region was estimated at 20–40 pairs, and in Zhambyl and Turkestan Regions at 90–140 pairs (Karyakin, 2018). Given the number of known breeding territories, taking into account the literature and data from the datasets, it can be assumed that the population estimate is grossly understated for the Almaty Region, and the lower limit of the population estimate is understated for the Zhambyl and Turkestan Regions (Karyakin, 2020). There are a number of threats that affect the viability of imperial eagles in Kazakhstan. The main threat to the southeastern population of this species is the lack of food base. For several years now, there has been a depression in rodent population in southern and southeastern Kazakhstan, affecting all species from the Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and the Yellow Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus fulvus) to voles (Microtus socialis and Alticola argentatus) (Karyakin et al., 2022). Zoologists and locals have observed rodent depression since 2017. Another threat may be the degradation of imperial eagle habitats associated with both climatic and anthropogenic changes. For many years and even decades, the threat of dying of birds on power lines has persisted. This threat is particularly immediate because a significant proportion of imperial eagles nests on electric poles, where tree plantations are scarce, mainly along roads. In addition to the fact that birds die from collision with electric poles, from electrocution, there is a problem of nests being thrown off electric poles by employees of power companies during repair works or scheduled maintenance of power lines. Despite the many negatives affecting the Imperial Eagle, the situation with the Imperial Eagle is much better than with the Steppe Eagle, which has almost completely disappeared in the mountainous and foothill areas of Southeast Kazakhstan and has significantly reduced its numbers in the plains. The solution of the problem of bird deaths on power lines and the dropping of eagle nests from power lines would contribute to a greater survival rate of the Imperial Eagle and help it to survive the global depression of rodent numbers in Southeast Kazakhstan with fewer losses.

Kota Bandung merupakan Ibu Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat yang memiliki kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi serta kondisi daerah yang padat. Kondisi padat penduduk ini berpengaruh pada kelancaran tranportasi di Kota Bandung. Kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah kendaraan, yang tidak diimbangi dengan pertumbuhan jalan dan lahan parkir sehingga menjadi penyebab kemacetan. Kelurahan Turangga merupakan salah satu daerah di Kecamatan Lengkong, Kota Bandung yang sering mengalami kemacetan karena parkir liar yang dilakukan oleh kendaraan yang tidak parkir pada tempat yang semestinya. Melihat kondisi tersebut, Kelurahan Turangga membutuhkan ketentuan pembatasan kendaraan guna mengatasi kemacetan, yang diwujudkan melalui kewajiban memilki/menguasai garasi seperti yang telah diterapkan oleh Provinsi DKI Jakarta berdaarkan Pasal 140 Peraturan Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta tentang Transportasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Peneliti bermaksud mempelajari lebih lanjut terkait kemungkinan diberlakukannya ketentuan kepemilikan dan penguasaan garasi di Kelurahan Turangga sebagai solusi kemacetan di daerah tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui penelaahan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, serta melakukan penelitian lapangan kemudian dianalisis secara normatif kualitatif untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang dimaksud.

Abstract. The provision of public amenities and infrastructures are crucial in creating a livable housing environment as mandated in Housing and Settlement Act No. 1/2011. One of the commonly used criteria in public amenities and infrastructures’ planning standard is service area radius which draws as an imaginary circled line with the amenities as it’s center. The radius principles have a problematic application on the pedestrianly impermeable urban fabric. This research trying to measure several categories basic of public amenities accessibility based on traveling time, categorized in 3 (three) ranges: the direct living environment, the quartier daily supply, and the district periodic supply. The method used in this research is 2 (two) dimensional distance measurement of public amenities entrance to buildings entrance which located on its service area. Turangga Sub-district in Lengkong District, Bandung City is used as a case study. It is hoped that this study could give valuable advice on the planning and development control of public amenities and infrastructures provision in Bandung City by considering the walkability factor.Keywords: Pedestrian, townscape, permeability, walkability, public amenities and infrastructures, service area radius.Abstrak. Penyediaan sarana, prasarana dan utilitas (SPU) di perkotaan merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya mewujudkan perumahan yang layak huni sesuai dengan amanat UU No. 1 / 2011 tentang Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman. Salahsatu kriteria dalam standar perencanaan yang umum digunakan dalam perletakkan SPU adalah radius pelayanan berupa lingkaran imajiner dengan SPU sebagai pusatnya. Penerapan radius pelayanan mengalami permasalahan ketika pola gubahan ruang kota (urban fabric) yang ada tidak memiliki permeabilitas yang baik terhadap pejalan kaki. Penelitian ini mencoba mengukur aksesibilitas dari beberapa kategori SPU tingkat lingkungan berdasarkan waktu tempuh berjalan kaki yang dikategorikan kedalam 3 (tiga) rentang, lingkungan hunian, lingkungan kebutuhan dasar, dan lingkungan kebutuhan berkala. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran jarak secara 2 (dua) dimensi pada peta digital dari pintu akses SPU menuju pintu masuk rumah-rumah yang berada pada jangkauan pelayanannya. Studi kasus yang digunakan adalah Kelurahan Turangga, Kecamatan Lengkong, Kota Bandung. Studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan terhadap perencanaan dan pengendalian pembangunan SPU di Kota Bandung dengan memperhatikan faktor keterjangkauan dengan berjalan kaki (walkability).Kata Kunci: Pejalan kaki, townscape, permeabilitas, walkability, sarana dan prasarana umum, radius pelayanan.

The return to the full-scale format of the ballet performance and the approval of the prominent names of young choreographers marks the result of creative searches in the national art of dance over the past 30 years. Composers, set designers, visual artists, and costume designers turn their attention to such a genre as ballet with renewed interest, which results in the two latest works by Russian choreographers on the national theme: "Sultan Baibars" (choreography by Mukaram Avakhri) and "The Legend of Turanga" (choreography by Anvara Sadykova). In the article, using their example, the authors attempt to consider ballet as a part of art in general and, in particular, to understand ballet as a repository of the emotional experience of perception accumulated in society over generations and, in turn, also value-oriented to society itself. This is the purpose of the study. To achieve this goal, the authors choose some methods of the system-based and synergetic approach, which in recent years has been actively introduced into humanities research, including art history. The approach focuses on phenomena as unstable systems and uses various methods for a complete and qualitative analysis during research. Its principles of feedback and intellectualization are implemented in ballet if one takes a holistic approach to art: as an object of socio-cultural nature. During the study, it becomes clear that the ballet performance is the product of the co-creation of choreographers and a lot of other authors who feel the direct connection between art and the world when a separate object or phenomenon makes sense only as part of the whole. The changing moral values of modern society, the influence of the new ideologies of national identification, and the environmental movement, along with new trends in visual perception, are directly reflected in the performances of young Kazakh choreographers. Through the principles of the systemic interaction "theater-society" and the consideration of art as a repository of historical memory, the authors try to understand the mutual influence of the national ballet and the socio-cultural field. Thus, on the example of the two latest works by Avakhri and Sadykova, the search for new themes and plots, their artistic and technical, visual and musical design, the prospects for the development of the plastic language of national ballet are seen in the understanding of art as an unstable system that is in continuous development and interconnection not only with internal but also external factors.

Populus sect. Turanga (hereafter referred to as “Populus”), including Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa, are the predominant tree species in desert riparian forests in northwestern China. These trees play key roles in maintaining ecosystem balance, curbing desertification, and protecting biodiversity. However, the distribution area of Populus forests has been severely diminished and degraded in recent years due to increased habitat destruction and human activity. Understanding the genetic diversity among Populus individuals and populations is essential for designing conservation strategies, but comprehensive studies of their genetic diversity in northwest China are lacking. Here, we assessed the population structures and genetic diversity of 1,620 samples from 85 natural populations of Populus (59 P. euphratica and 26 P. pruinosa populations) covering all of northwestern China using 120 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Analysis of population structure revealed significant differentiation between these two sister species and indicated that strong geographical distribution patterns, a geographical barrier, and environmental heterogeneity shaped the extant genetic patterns of Populus. Both P. euphratica and P. pruinosa populations in southern Xinjiang had higher genetic diversity than populations in other clades, perhaps contributing to local geographic structure and strong gene flow. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified 15% variance among and 85% variance within subpopulations. Mantel tests suggested that the genetic variation among P. euphratica and P. pruinosa populations could be explained by both geographical and environmental distance. The genetic diversity of P. euphratica showed a significant negative correlation with latitude and longitude and a positive correlation with various environmental factors, such as precipitation of warmest quarter and driest month, temperature seasonality, and annual mean temperature. These findings provide insights into how the genetic differentiation of endangered Populus species was driven by geographical and environmental factors, which should be helpful for designing strategies to protect these genetic resources in the future.

Abstract Glutaredoxin (GRX) is a class of small redox proteins widely involved in cellular redox homeostasis and the regulation of various cellular processes. The role of GRX gene in the differentiation of Populus spp. is rarely reported. We compared the similarities and differences of GRX genes among four sections of poplar using bioinformatics, corrected the annotations of some GRX genes, and focused on analysing their transcript profiling and adaptive evolution in Populus spp. A total of 219 GRX genes were identified in four sections of poplar, among which annotations for 13 genes were corrected. Differences in GRX genes were found between sect. Turanga, represented by P. euphratica, and other poplar sections. Most notably, P. euphratica had the smallest number of duplication events for GRX genes (n = 9) and no tandem duplications, whereas there were >25 duplication events for all other poplars. Furthermore, we detected 18 pairs of GRX genes under positive selection pressure in various sections of poplar, and identified two groups of GRX genes in the Salicaceae that potentially underwent positive selection. Expression profiling results showed that the PtrGRX34 and its orthologous genes were upregulated under stress treatments. In summary, the GRX gene family underwent expansion during poplar differentiation, and some genes underwent rapid evolution during this process, which may be beneficial for Populus spp. to adapt to environmental changes. This study may provide more insights into the molecular mechanisms of Populus spp. adaptation to environmental changes and the adaptive evolution of GRX genes.

Abstrak. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, sudah banyak sekali ditemukan alat modern dengan berbagai efeknya atau sering kita dengar dengan sebutan alat kontrasepsi sebagai hasil penemuan ilmu dan teknologi. Ketika alat kontrasepsi itu dijual secara bebas kekhawatiran terjadi yaitu penyalahgunaan yang dilakukan oleh pengguna yaitu seks bebas. Kesadaran terhadap remaja merekan berada pada kondisi kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran terhadap sex bebas yang semakin tidak terkendali sebagaimana di khawatirkan oleh masyarakat. Adapun Tujuan peneletian ini: 1) Untuk mengetahui tinjauan hukum islam tentang jual beli alat kontrasepsi secara bebas terhadap anak dibawah umur. 2) Untuk mengetahui dampak jual beli alat kontrasepsi kepada anak dibawah umur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi lapangan dan yuridis empiris. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan terdahulu. Teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan pola piker deduktif dengan metode triangulasi Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa :1) tinjauan hukum islam memperbolehkan praktik jual beli alat kontrasepsi untuk pasangan yang sudah sah untuk menunda keturunan. 2) Dampak Dari jual beli alat kontrasepsi terhadap anak dibawah umur menimbulkan sex bebas dan dapat dikatakan zina yang dimana diharamkan dalam hukum islam dan mendapatkan dosa besar Kata Kunci: Alat Kontrasepsi, Alfamart, Anak Dibawah Umur, Hukum Islam, Jual Beli Abstract. Along with the development of the times, many modern tools have been found with various effects or we often hear as contraceptives as a result of scientific and technological discoveries. When contraceptives are sold freely, there is concern about misuse by users, namely free sex. Awareness of their youth is in a condition of lack of knowledge and awareness of free sex which is getting out of control as people worry about. The purpose of this research: 1) To find out the review of Islamic law regarding the free sale and purchase of contraceptives against minors. 2) To find out the impact of buying and selling contraceptives to minors. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a field study and empirical juridical approach. The data source used is through interviews and previous literature studies. The data collection technique is by interview, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used uses a deductive mindset with the triangulation method The results of this study found that: 1) a review of Islamic law allows the practice of buying and selling contraceptives for legal couples to delay offspring. 2) The impact of buying and selling contraceptives on minors causes free sex and can be said to be adultery which is forbidden in Islamic law and is a grave sin Keyword: Alfamart, Buying and Selling, Contraceptives, Islamic Law, Underage Children.