Dissertationen zum Thema „Troubles vestibulaires“
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Lahlou, Ghizlène. „Thérapie génique translationnelle des surdités et troubles vestibulaires d'origine génétique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS090.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeafness and vestibular disorders are frequent pathologies, and sources of disability and impaired quality of life. Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in humans, and 1 child is born deaf for every 700 births. Currently, there is no cure for these disorders. A promising therapeutic alternative is gene therapy using rAAV, and numerous preclinical studies have provided proof of its efficacy in the treatment of deafness and vestibular disorders of genetic origin. However, many challenges remain to be overcome before considering application in humans. In this work, we sought to identify the key steps to be taken for a clinical application of gene therapy for 2 human genetic causes of deafness, USH1G syndrome and DFNB9 deafness. We used the corresponding mouse models for this, as well as studies in non-human primates and an in vitro human vestibular organ explant model. We were able to show that the therapeutic window was a major factor to take into account in a translational objective. The stage of maturation of the inner ear greatly influences the effectiveness of therapy, especially when the pathology involves developmental abnormalities such as in USH1 syndrome. However, we were able to provide evidence of an extension of the therapeutic window in Ush1g-/- mice, and to show that viral gene therapy performed at a mature stage allowed vestibular function to be restored to a level close to normal, and to a lesser extent a restauration of hearing function. In DFNB9 deafness for which there is no developmental abnormality, we were able to show that gene therapy allowed a complete restoration of hearing, and laid the foundations for a future therapy in humans
Gustave-Dit-Duflo, Sylvie. „Adaptation et restauration des fonctions vestibulaires : Analyses comportementale et cellulaire après lésion ou stimulation vestibulaire chez l'animal“. Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLopez, Christophe. „Restauration des fonctions vestibulaires chez l'homme : corrélats moteurs, oculomoteurs et perceptifs“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe vestibular system is involved in body stabilization and orientation, gaze stabilization, and spatial representation. Therefore, lesions of the vestibular system lead to drastic impairment of these functions. Effects of unilateral vestibular loss on Menière's patients were investigated by manipulating dynamic and static visual cues. Recovery time-course was analyzed up to one year. Behavioral approaches in patients showed asymmetry of motor (body orientation), oculomotor (torsional optokinetic nystagmus) and perceptive (subjective visual vertical) functions in the presence of dynamic visual references, that remained uncompensated long after vestibular loss. In addition, our results pointed to a reweighting of dynamic and static visual references after unilateral vestibular loss, and evidenced idiosyncratic adaptive mechanisms. These studies demonstrated that vestibular compensation involves high level adaptive processes based on the selection of spatial reference frames. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study allowed us to determine the cortical correlates of visual vertical judgment in healthy humans. They are a part of a multimodal cortical network involved in the representation of the egocentric, allocentric, and gravitational reference frames. It also overlaps regions related to control of body orientation in space
Parietti-Winkler, Cécile. „Modalités de compensation de la fonction d'équilibration après déafférentation vestibulaire unilatérale aiguë“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0173_PARIETTI-WINKLER.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePostural control is a multidetermined system based on central integration of visual, somesthesic and vestibular peripheral information. This complex integration permits a context-specific motor response to maintain equilibrium. Damage to any of these balance regulation systems influences the common output of the postural system resulting in postural instability. In case of vestibular lesion, as acoustic neuroma and its surgical removal, initial vertigo and gaze and postural control disturbances occur, corresponding to unilateral vestibular deafferentation (uVD). After uVD, a process called vestibular compensation leads to decrease of symptoms and improvement of global balance functions. A prospective study aimed to assess the differential contribution of sensory inputs to the regulation of posture during the recovery process after acoustic neuroma removal. Twenty-seven patients with acoustic neuroma underwent vestibular and posturographic testings, shortly before and eight days, one month and three months after surgical removal of the tumour. This study showed, immediately after vestibular deafferentation, deterioration in postural performances. In quiet stance, postural performances were altered, especially in eyes closed conditions and in sensory challenged situations. One month, and more particularly three months after surgery, restoration and even improvement of balance performances occurred, associated with a lower number of falls, development of more appropriate sensorimotor strategies and better resolution of sensorial conflicts. Balance disturbances and movement situations followed the same time-course. The time-course of the perturbation and the recovery of postural control was similar to the changes occurring in vestibular function. The three modalities of postural control regulation are perturbed just after surgical removal of acoustic neuroma, wich alters the compensation gradually developed during growth of neuroma. UVD leads to perturbations in head positions detection and its displacements relative to trunk, but also interferes with the somatosensory and visual pathways. The time-course implementation of central adaptive mechanisms, characterized by substitution by other sensory afferences and new behavioural strategies, leads to a recovery of balance control with an improvement of balance performance of all the modalities of postural control
Emptoz, Alice. „Restauration, par thérapie génique, de l'audition et de l'équilibre chez des souris modèles de surdités et troubles vestibulaires humains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHearing loss is one of the most common human sensory deficits affecting over 360 millions people worldwide. In France, over one child out of 700 suffers from profound deafness at birth, and 1/1000 will be affected by hearing impairment prior to adulthood. The early-onset forms of severe, nonsyndromic deafness are mostly genetic in origin. Deafness can be associated with vestibular impairments which can complicate daily simple tasks. In most cases, hearing and vestibular impairments are due to defects in, respectively, the cochlea, the hearing organ, and the vestibule, the balance organ.In front of the non-existence of curative treatment, gene transfer technology is an alternative therapeutic approach to rescue hereditary deafness and vestibular impairments. The aim of my project is the use of viral gene therapy to restore hearing and balance in mice established as model for human deafness (DFNB9, DFNB59, Usher syndrome type IG and 3A). Our results provide a proof-of-principle that in vivo intracochlear delivery of therapeutic genes using adeno-associated virus can restore the structure and the function of inner ear sensory hair cells, at the mecano-sensitive apparatus and at the synapse. Thus, we restore significantly the hearing, and completely the vestibular impairment. This project open the way to new methods for restoring hearing in patients with genetic forms of deafness
Emptoz, Alice. „Restauration, par thérapie génique, de l'audition et de l'équilibre chez des souris modèles de surdités et troubles vestibulaires humains“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHearing loss is one of the most common human sensory deficits affecting over 360 millions people worldwide. In France, over one child out of 700 suffers from profound deafness at birth, and 1/1000 will be affected by hearing impairment prior to adulthood. The early-onset forms of severe, nonsyndromic deafness are mostly genetic in origin. Deafness can be associated with vestibular impairments which can complicate daily simple tasks. In most cases, hearing and vestibular impairments are due to defects in, respectively, the cochlea, the hearing organ, and the vestibule, the balance organ.In front of the non-existence of curative treatment, gene transfer technology is an alternative therapeutic approach to rescue hereditary deafness and vestibular impairments. The aim of my project is the use of viral gene therapy to restore hearing and balance in mice established as model for human deafness (DFNB9, DFNB59, Usher syndrome type IG and 3A). Our results provide a proof-of-principle that in vivo intracochlear delivery of therapeutic genes using adeno-associated virus can restore the structure and the function of inner ear sensory hair cells, at the mecano-sensitive apparatus and at the synapse. Thus, we restore significantly the hearing, and completely the vestibular impairment. This project open the way to new methods for restoring hearing in patients with genetic forms of deafness
Calvet, Charlotte. „Synaptopathies auditives et vestibulaires : de la physiologie moléculaire à la thérapie génique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHearing loss is the most common sensory deficit, affecting more than 466 million people worldwide. In France, one in 1,000 children is born with severe to profound deafness, Hearing loss is often associated with balance impairments. Currently, there is no curative treatment available, however the possibility of gene therapy is a promising alternative treatment for deafness and vestibular disorders of genetic origin. Gene therapy studies in mouse models particularly rely on the use of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for gene delivery. In this thesis, we used AAVs for both gene therapy of hearing loss and vestibular disorders and to study physiological gene function. Specifically, we looked at three proteins whose dysfunction leads to neurosensory impairment: OTOFERLINE, SNAP-25 and SANS.Our results obtained in mice show that it is possible to restore the structure and function of inner ear sensory hair cells, at the synaptic and stereociliary levels, by in vivo transfer of therapeutic genes contained in an AAV. The use of AAV expressing Snap-25 demonstrated the role of this protein in both the survival and exocytosis of inner hair cells. Thus, we restored hearing and balance in different models of auditory and vestibular synaptopathies. This project opens up new perspectives for the treatment of genetic forms of deafness and vestibular disorders in humans
Zennou-Azogui, Yoh'i. „Compensation vestibulaire : substitution visuelle dans le noyau de Deiters chez le chat éveillé : période sensible et rôle de l'activité visuomotrice“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParietti-Winkler, Cécile Perrin Philippe. „Modalités de compensation de la fonction d'équilibration après déafférentation vestibulaire unilatérale aigue“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2006_0173_PARIETTI-WINKLER.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiarovano, Elodie. „Instabilité posturale chez les séniors : dysfonction vestibulaire périphérique ou centrale ?“ Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePostural instability is common in seniors and can lead to falls which seniors are a major problem for Public Health. Epidemiological studies clearly show the magnitude of this problem: one in three people aged than more 70 years will fall in a year. This is caused by multiple factors including: musculoskeletal, visual, cognition, vestibular… The present study concerns the effect of age on the vestibular peripheral receptors function and on the perception of rotation from horizontal canal inputs (central vestibular processing and vestibular cortical projection). The aim is to try to understand the vestibular mechanisms involved in postural instability and mobility with age. At the peripheral level, the horizontal canal function was assessed using caloric test and video-Head Impulse Test. Otolith function (saccular and utricular) was assessed using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials recorded at cervical level (sacculo-spinal pathways) and at ocular level (utriculo-ocular pathways). At the central level, perception of motion from vestibular horizontal canal inputs was studied after caloric stimulation with warm water using a subjective perceptual score (presence or absence of rotatory vertigo). Finally, postural equilibrium was assessed with the Sensory Organization Test on the Equitest machine and also with a new system developed in collaboration with Prof. Curthoys (Sydney) using a Wii Balance Board, a foam rubber pad and a virtual reality headset (Oculus Rift DK2). Results showed decreased ocular responses induced by caloric stimulation after 70 years of age but healthy horizontal gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex assessed by video-head impulse testing. The otolithic (saccular and utricular) function is impaired with age for all the stimuli used (air or bone conducted). Perception of motion induced by caloric stimulation (vestibular horizontal canal inputs) allowed us to show for the first time that some seniors are unable to feel the induced rotatory vertigo even with normal ocular responses (peak of the slow phase eye velocity higher than 15°/s). We defined two types of seniors: one senior group having a normal feeling of vertigo and one senior ‘neglect’ group who did not feel any sensation of rotation from horizontal canal inputs. The comparison of these two age-matched groups showed no difference in horizontal canal function, or otolithic function. The majority of the ‘neglect’ seniors with an absence of perception exhibited falls or a decreased score in conditions 5 and 6 during the Equitest. Moreover, their DHI scores were higher, showing the handicap induced by postural instability in these seniors. In conclusion, postural instability and falls in seniors may result from central vestibular impairment (inadequate central processing). A prospective study is needed to determine whether the increase perceptual threshold of rotation could be a good predictor of fall risk in seniors
Pialasse, Jean-Philippe. „Évaluation du contrôle sensorimoteur chez les patients ayant une scoliose idiopathique de l'adolescent : vers un biomarqueur des troubles sensorimoteur basé sur la stimulation vestibulaire galvanique“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26968.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScoliosis is the most frequent spinal deformity in adolescence. In 80% of the cases, it is idiopathic, meaning that no cause has been associated with the patient's case. Idiopathic scoliosis seems to respond to a multifactorial model including genetic, environmental, neurological, hormonal, biomechanical and skeletal growth factors. A neurological assumption is that an anomaly of the vestibular system would cause asymmetrical activation of the vestibulospinal pathway and of paraspinal muscles. This cascade would generate the scoliotic deformity. Animal models have demonstrated this possibility. In addition, many vestibular related anomalies are observed in adolescents with scoliosis as vestibulo-ocular reflex abnormalities or balance control disorders. Galvanic vestibular stimulation allows exploring sensorimotor control by faltering the vestibular afferents. The objective of this thesis is to explore the sensorimotor control through vestibular-evoked postural response in patients with scoliosis and healthy controls. The results of the first study show that the vestibular-evoked postural response is larger in patients compared to controls. Moreover, the amplitude of the postural response is not scaled to the spinal deformation amplitude. In a second study, through a neuromechanical feedback control model, we demonstrate that patients assigned a larger weight to vestibular signal compared to controls. Results of the third study reveal that young adults with idiopathic scoliosis, compared to controls, have a larger postural response. This observation excludes a transient response due to the maturation of the nervous system. Then, balance control impairment seems secondary to a neurosensory phenomenon as balance control dysfunction is observed in patients who had surgery reducing spine deformation. Ultimately, an algorithm has been developed to distinguish patients with or without sensorimotor control problems compared to healthy adolescents. Remarkably, the amplitude of the feedforward vestibular response of these patients is larger and they assign a larger weight to vestibular than proprioceptive information. Overall, this thesis proposes a procedure to identify patients with scoliosis having sensorimotor control impairment. In the end, it is believed that the classification procedure may help future clinical studies as patients with sensorimotor dysfunction could be identified. Hopefully, future research will enhance this procedure and lead to an efficient biomarker.
Leroy-Mulot, Marie-Hélène. „Modulation du système visuo-vestibulaire chez le rat pigmenté : effet opposé d'extraits végétaux et de leurs dilutions centésimales“. Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, gall Anne. „Influence de la graviception vestibulaire sur le développement et les fonctions cognitivo-motrices à l'âge adulte : étude longitudinale chez un modèle murin vestibulo-déficient“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC421.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEarth’s gravity is a fundamental mechanical constraint for living organisms against which we have adapted our strategies of posture and locomotion as well as all metabolic and cardiovascular regulations. Beyond the mechanical stimulus, the vestibular organ is the first sensory system to emerge in protochordates about 500 million years ago, as early as the visual system, encoding the gravity strength into the brain. The vestibular system has since then been devoted to balance and gaze stabilization supported by postural and ocular reflexes, recently fortified with a key role in spatial and social cognition in adults. Its encoding abilities of head movements, body accelerations and Earth's gravity make this system a major player in the perception of verticality, navigation, orientation and spatial memorization. We have hypothesized that vestibular sensory perception of gravity might play a crucial role not only in adults, but also during the first stages of development in both sensorimotor and cognitive functions. For the first time, we have investigated an original mouse model (Head-Tilt mice, B6Ei.GL-Nox3Het/J) with selective congenital absence of vestibular gravisensors. Our data highlights that mouse pups suffered from a delay in the acquisition of sensorimotor reflexes, spatial olfactive guidance, path integration and ultrasonic communication while maternal care remained normal. In addition, a delay in locomotor development and the appearance of were observed during the late stage of development. We demonstrate that development on Earth has a critical period dependent on the vestibular sensory perception of gravity, at least between postnatal days 6 to 10 in rodents. We have shown that otolithic information plays a key role in the adult motor functions, spatial and non-spatial memory processes, reference frames choice but also in emotional regulation. These disorders have been correlated with early developmental delay. We are currently working on the effects of early sensory stimulation on development and adult functions in our Het mouse model as well as on the structural and functional characterization at the cerebral level of observed developmental and behavioral impairments. Observations in Het mice corroborate with symptoms reported in vestibulo-deficient children, supporting the need for better screening of vestibular diseases during childhood. Remarkably, the symptoms of our vestibulo-congenital deficient mice investigated here matched with the profile of validated mouse models of autism and re-update the significance of vestibular graviception in the physiopathology and therapy of autism spectrum disorders during its development
Ballester, Michel. „Exploration des projections corticales sacculaires humaines en tomographie par émission de positons“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKarkas, Alexandre. „Imagerie protéomique des neurinomes de l'acoustique et des nerfs normaux. Corrélations anatomopathologiques“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObjectives: Proteomic analysis of acoustic neuroma (AN), non-acoustic neuroma (NAN), and healthy nerve (hn) using the mass spectrometry and imaging of the MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight).Materials and Methods: Prospective and qualitative study on AN, NAN, and hn. Samples were provided by the Bank of Tumor of the Pathology department of our institution, after signed consent from donor patients. Frozen samples were sectioned, analyzed histologically, then glued on a conductive slide and sprayed by an acid matrix. Thereafter, the laser beam of the MALDI performed desorption and then ionization of the sample. A mass spectrogram was drawn as a function of the time of flight of ionized protein biomolecules. Results has been transferred to a software to obtain a MALDI imaging with a color spectrum which depends on the protein content of the sample. The slide has been reexamined histologically and the results compared to those of the imaging.Results: Fifty neuromas have been sampled, of which 27 were exploitable. Eleven normal nerves were analyzed. Among the 22 analyzed AN, an almost total imaging-pathology correlation was seen in only 2 cases (9.1%), a partial correlation in 4 (18.2%), and no correlation in 16 (72.7%). The mass spectrogram showed a peptide spike at 2000 m/z in 7 cases (31.8%) and at 5000 m/z in all cases (100%). Among the 5 NAN, an almost total correlation was seen in 3 cases (60%), a partial correlation in 1 (20%), and no correlation in 1 (20%). The mass spectrogram showed a peptide spike at 2000 m/z in 2 cases (40%) and at 5000 m/z in 21 cases (95.5%). Among the 11 hn, an almost total correlation was seen in 9 cases (81.8%), a partial correlation in 1 (9.1%), and no correlation in 1 (9.1%).The mass spectrogram showed in no case a peptide spike at 2000 or at 5000 m/z. Behind homogeneous areas on histology, there was a great heterogeneity in MALDI imaging and on mass spectrometry, regarding AN and NAN, but not hn.Conclusions: the lack of correlation in acoustic neuroma could be due to its lack of growth and evolution compared to other neuromas and healthy nerves which presented a better correlation. The presence of two peptide spikes detected only in neuroma and not in healthy nerve opens up the prospect of tumor biomarkers and pathophysiological actors that should be purified and identified by sequencing. In the case of presence of an imaging-pathology correlation, histological areas of interest showed morphological aspects that were reproducible in the whole analyzed samples. This is the first work on proteomic imaging using the MALDI in acoustic neuroma and in neuromas in general. This is also a first comparison between proteomic imaging of the neuroma and that of normal nerve. Besides, and also for the first time, we found a proteomic polymorphism in acoustic neuroma and non-acoustic neuroma which were absent in normal nerve tissue thereby suggesting the presence de proteic biomarkers for the neuroma
„Evaluation de la rééducation des troubles de l'équilibre d'origine vestibulaire périphérique“. Université catholique de Louvain, 2004. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-02132004-135455/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVaillancourt, Line. „L'inconfort spatio-moteur et les attitudes envers la pratique d'activités physiques dans le trouble panique avec ou sans agoraphobie“. Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2049/1/D1779.pdf.
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