Thematische Bibliographien / Tropical greenhouse

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Tropical greenhouse“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 8. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Tropical greenhouse"

Saúco, V. G. „GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION OF TROPICAL FRUITS“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 575 (April 2002): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.575.85.

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Fearnside, Philip M., und William F. Laurance. „TROPICAL DEFORESTATION AND GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS“. Ecological Applications 14, Nr. 4 (August 2004): 982–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-5225.

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Fearnside, Philip M., und Salvador Pueyo. „Greenhouse-gas emissions from tropical dams“. Nature Climate Change 2, Nr. 6 (25.05.2012): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1540.

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Gibbs, Holly K., und Martin Herold. „Tropical deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions“. Environmental Research Letters 2, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2007): 045021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045021.

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Evans, David, Navjit Sagoo, Willem Renema, Laura J. Cotton, Wolfgang Müller, Jonathan A. Todd, Pratul Kumar Saraswati et al. „Eocene greenhouse climate revealed by coupled clumped isotope-Mg/Ca thermometry“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 6 (22.01.2018): 1174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714744115.

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Past greenhouse periods with elevated atmospheric CO2 were characterized by globally warmer sea-surface temperatures (SST). However, the extent to which the high latitudes warmed to a greater degree than the tropics (polar amplification) remains poorly constrained, in particular because there are only a few temperature reconstructions from the tropics. Consequently, the relationship between increased CO2, the degree of tropical warming, and the resulting latitudinal SST gradient is not well known. Here, we present coupled clumped isotope (Δ47)-Mg/Ca measurements of foraminifera from a set of globally distributed sites in the tropics and midlatitudes. Δ47 is insensitive to seawater chemistry and therefore provides a robust constraint on tropical SST. Crucially, coupling these data with Mg/Ca measurements allows the precise reconstruction of Mg/Casw throughout the Eocene, enabling the reinterpretation of all planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca data. The combined dataset constrains the range in Eocene tropical SST to 30–36 °C (from sites in all basins). We compare these accurate tropical SST to deep-ocean temperatures, serving as a minimum constraint on high-latitude SST. This results in a robust conservative reconstruction of the early Eocene latitudinal gradient, which was reduced by at least 32 ± 10% compared with present day, demonstrating greater polar amplification than captured by most climate models.

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Shamshiri, Ramin. „A Review of Greenhouse Climate Control and Automation Systems in Tropical Regions“. Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 02, Nr. 03 (30.09.2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2013.020307.

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Polvani, Lorenzo M., Lei Wang, Valentina Aquila und Darryn W. Waugh. „The Impact of Ozone-Depleting Substances on Tropical Upwelling, as Revealed by the Absence of Lower-Stratospheric Cooling since the Late 1990s“. Journal of Climate 30, Nr. 7 (April 2017): 2523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0532.1.

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The impact of ozone-depleting substances on global lower-stratospheric temperature trends is widely recognized. In the tropics, however, understanding lower-stratospheric temperature trends has proven more challenging. While the tropical lower-stratospheric cooling observed from 1979 to 1997 has been linked to tropical ozone decreases, those ozone trends cannot be of chemical origin, as active chlorine is not abundant in the tropical lower stratosphere. The 1979–97 tropical ozone trends are believed to originate from enhanced upwelling, which, it is often stated, would be driven by increasing concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse gases. This study, using simple arguments based on observational evidence after 1997, combined with model integrations with incrementally added single forcings, argues that trends in ozone-depleting substances, not well-mixed greenhouse gases, have been the primary driver of temperature and ozone trends in the tropical lower stratosphere until 1997, and this has occurred because ozone-depleting substances are key drivers of tropical upwelling and, more generally, of the entire Brewer–Dobson circulation.

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Lintner, Benjamin R., und John C. H. Chiang. „Reorganization of Tropical Climate during El Niño: A Weak Temperature Gradient Approach“. Journal of Climate 18, Nr. 24 (15.12.2005): 5312–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3580.1.

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Abstract The applicability of a weak temperature gradient (WTG) formulation for the reorganization of tropical climate during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is investigated. This idealized dynamical framework solves for the divergent portion of the tropical circulation by assuming a spatially homogeneous perturbation temperature profile and a mass balance constraint applied over the tropical belt. An intermediate-level complexity model [the Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model (QTCM)] configured with the WTG assumptions is used to simulate El Niño conditions and is found to yield an appropriate level of tropospheric warming, a plausible pattern of precipitation anomalies in the tropical Pacific source region of El Niño, and a gross precipitation deficit over the Tropics outside the Pacific (hereafter the “remote Tropics”). Additional tests of the WTG framework with La Niña forcing conditions and enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations support its applicability. However, the ENSO response under the WTG framework fails in some respects when compared to the standard QTCM: in particular, some regional features of the anomalous precipitation response, especially in the remote Tropics, differ markedly between the two model versions. These discrepancies appear to originate in part from the lack of anomalous tropospheric temperature gradients (and circulations) in the framework presented here. Nevertheless, the WTG approach appears to be a useful lowest-order model for the tropical climate adjustment to ENSO. The WTG framework is also used to argue that El Niño may not represent a good proxy for tropical rainfall changes under greenhouse gas warming scenarios because the large-scale subsidence occurring with the tropospheric warming in the El Niño scenario has an effect on rainfall that is distinct from the effect of increased tropospheric temperatures common to both the greenhouse gas warming and El Niño scenarios.

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Roslan, N., M. E. Ya’acob, D. Jamaludin, Y. Hashimoto, M. H. Othman, A. Noor Iskandar, M. R. Ariffin et al. „Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC): Effects on Light Quality, Microclimate, and Growth of Orthosiphon stamineus in Tropical Climatic Condition“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 4 (26.03.2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040631.

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The main challenge facing greenhouse designers is to achieve environment-appropriate greenhouses, especially in tropical regions. The excess radiant energy transmitted into the greenhouse predisposes plants to photo-inhibition and consequently reduces crop production. Lately, photovoltaic (PV) modules are equipped as a greenhouse rooftop to minimize the level of irradiation and air temperature in the greenhouse, simultaneously improving its energy consumption. Nevertheless, due to the low level of irradiation, denser conventional PV internal shading would influence the cultivated crops’ growth. Thus, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) possesses several attractive features such as transparent, sensitive to low light levels, and various color options that render DSSC a perfect choice able to serve substantially in energy buildings. This study assessed the microclimate conditions inside the greenhouse with semi-transparent DSSC mounted on top of it, describing the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (µmol m−2 s−1), Vapor Pressure Deficit VPD (kPa), relative humidity (%), and also temperature (°C). The Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV), which indicates the average thermal energy transmission rate across the external layer of a structure envelope, is also presented. The effects of colored DSSC in altering the spectral of sunlight in reference to the Orthosiphon stamineus growth responses were determined. The information of the condition of DSSC greenhouse microclimate helps to identify the information for designing PV greenhouses and to produce income from both electric power and agronomic activity.

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Laurance, William F., Susan G. Laurance und Patricia Delamonica. „Tropical forest fragmentation and greenhouse gas emissions“. Forest Ecology and Management 110, Nr. 1-3 (Oktober 1998): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00291-6.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Tropical greenhouse"

Wilson, Johan. „Estimating greenhouse gas emissionvia degassing and modelingtemperatureprofiles in tropical reservoirs“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443007.

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The aim of this project was to quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the degassing process ofhydroelectrical reservoirs in tropical regions.Reservoirs represent 25 % of the total area of man-made freshwater systems and are a source of GHG emissions tothe atmosphere. There are plans to construct an additional ca 3700 medium and large hydropower dams with theaim to double the current global energy production by hydropower. The majority of these are planned to be constructed in tropical regions. By understanding the processes controlling GHG emissions from these hydropowerreservoirs, the design of new hydropower plants can be developed to minimize the emissions.This project were designed to investigate GHG emissions from the turbines of two reservoirs in Brazil, as partof the larger ”Hydrocarb” project that investigates the total emissions from a number of reservoirs in Brazil. Toestimate the GHG emissions from the degassing process, a sampling campaign in the reservoir Chapeu D’Uvaswas conducted in April 2020 .Water samples from the entire water column at the water inlet, and directly afterthe dam were taken by using a sampling technique that involved a newly developed deep-water sampler. Themethane concentration was then analyzed for each depth of the water column and in the water directly after theoutlet. The results showed that at the deep layers with low oxygen concentration in the water column containedhigh concentrations of methane. These high methane concentrations were also found in the water at the outlet.This method was also planned to be used for the hydropower reservoir Funil, but due to the global COVID-19pandemic the campaigns were canceled. A modeling approach was instead constructed with the aim to modelthe methane concentration at the intake of the water in Funil, and to estimate the degassing as the water passesthe turbines. The first stage of this modeling approach was made within this study, where temperature profiles ofthe reservoir were modeled. The predicted profiles matched the observed temperatures profiles with a root meansquare error of 1.5 ◦C. The study concluded that the method of collecting methane concentrations throughout thefull water profile using the sampler were successful and can be used to examine methane concentration at the levelof the water inlet in reservoirs. The methane emission from the outlet at Chapeu D’Uvas was estimated to below contributing to 1.1 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir. For the modelling of methaneconcentration in water columns, the first part of the method to model daily temperature profiles that can be usedto implement empirical models of oxygen demand and methane production in the model.

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Girkin, Nicholas T. „Tropical forest greenhouse gas emissions : root regulation of soil processes and fluxes“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52949/.

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Tropical forested peatlands are a major carbon store and are a significant source of global carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. While the role of environmental variables, including temperature and water table depth have been relatively well studied, uncertainty remains in the extent to which plant roots regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and peat biogeochemistry. This study examined the role of roots, and root inputs of carbon and oxygen in regulating fluxes from peat under two dominant plant species, Campnosperma panamensis and Raphia taedigera, a broadleaved evergreen tree and canopy palm, in San San Pond Sak wetland, in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. A combination of in situ and ex situ experiments were performed between February 2015 and August 2017. Small scale variation in GHG fluxes and peat biogeochemistry was measured at two distances within the rooting zones of C. panamensis and R. taedigera. Peat organic matter properties were assessed using Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis. Results indicated significant variation in CH4 but not CO2 fluxes at different distances within the rooting zone, with CH4 fluxes subsequently linked to measures of the overall size of the available organic carbon pool (S2). Rock-Eval pyrolysis data was used to construct a three-pool model of organic matter thermostability which indicated significant differences in organic matter composition between peats derived from different botanical origins, in addition to a high level of heterogeneity within the rooting zone. Changes in GHG production and peat biogeochemical properties in response to the addition of root exudate analogues were assessed in an ex situ anoxic incubation experiment. A combination of organic acids and sugars, identified as common forest plant root exudate components, were added over a two week period to peats derived from C. panamensis and R. taedigera. GHG fluxes varied significantly between treatments but not by peat botanical origin, and were associated with significant changes in soil properties including, pH and redox potential, thereby demonstrating a link between plant root carbon inputs, peat properties and GHG fluxes. In situ mesocosms were used to assess the effects of root exclusion on peat biogeochemistry and GHG fluxes. Partial and full root exclusion significantly reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations and was associated with greater root necromass. Full root exclusion increased CH4 fluxes five-six fold compared to partial root exclusion, equivalent to an 86 - 90% reduction in CH4 oxidation, demonstrating the important role of root inputs of oxygen in mitigating CH4 efflux from tropical peat. A 13CO2 pulse labelling experiment was conducted using both R. taedigera, C. panamensis, and Symphonia globulifera, a second broadleaved evergreen tree species, to demonstrate a direct link between plant photosynthesis and CH4 fluxes, and identify aspects of the bacterial and fungal community associated with the turnover of labile carbon. The extent of 13C enrichment of CH4 differed significantly between plant types (palms vs broadleaved evergreen trees), as did the extent of net CH4 efflux. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarker analysis indicated both peat types were dominated by Gram negative bacteria. There was strong 13C enrichment of Gram negative bacteria, supporting their previously proposed role as important decomposers of labile carbon. Collectively, these results demonstrate that root inputs of carbon and oxygen can strongly regulate tropical peatland GHG fluxes, and that the extent of regulation can vary significantly between tropical wetland plant species from contrasting dominant plant types. This is particularly important in understanding regulatory processes in a globally significant carbon store and understanding possible consequences of land use change in the tropics.

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Cardoso, Abmael da Silva. „Greenhouse gas emissons and N2O mitigation in beef cattle production on tropical pasture /“. Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/135851.

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Orientador: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
Banca: Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri
Banca: Patrícia Perondi Anchão de Oliveira
Banca: Ricardo Andrade Reis
Banca: Mara Cristina Pessoa da Cruz
Resumo: Metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O) são dois dos mais importantes gases de efeito estufa emitidos pela pecuária. Eles são produzidos pelas excretas dos animais e fertilizantes. No Brasil, a quantidade emitida destes gases e opções para mitigação foram pouco exploradas. Uma sequência de 4 experimentos foram realizados em campo (em duas estações chuvosas e duas secas, 106 dias de duração cada) com o objetivo de quantificar as emissões de N2O e CH4, volatilização de NH3 e o fator de emissão (FE) quando aplicadas fezes, urina, fezes + urina e fertilizante ureia em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com capim-marandu. Investigou-se o efeito da umidade do solo e compactação, composição da urina, volume urinário, e adição de fezes sobre as emissões de N2O em um Latossolo recebendo urina manipulada em condições controladas, bem como nas emissões de CH4. Como opção para mitigar as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) foram estudadas as variáveis como as alturas de pastejo que afetam a magnitude das emissões de GEE; a influência estacional na produção e consumo dos GEE; quais são as variáveis chaves associadas com as emissões de GEE em pastagens de capim-marandu. Adicionalmente, investigou se o efeito dietético dos níveis do sal mineral na concentração de N na urina, o volume urinário, a proporção dos compostos nitrogenados na urina e a concentração de N nas fezes em condições de campo. Os FEs de N2O quantificados diferiram de acordo com a excreta e estação do ano. O FEs foram 2,34%, 4.26% e 3,95% na estação chuvosa e 3.00%, 1.35% e 1.59% na estação seca, respectivamente, para fezes, urina e fezes + urina. O FE do fertilizante ureia foi 0,37%. As emissões médias do CH4 acumuladas foram 99,72, 7,82 e 28,64 (mg C-CH4 m2) para fezes, urina e fezes + urina nesta sequência. Quando manipuladas as condições do solo como umidade, compactação e adição de...
Abstract: CH4 and N2O are two of the most important greenhouse gas emitted by livestock. They are produced from animal excretes and the fertilizer. In Brazil the amount and options to mitigate these gases are little explored. We carried out a sequence of 4 field-trials (two rainy and two dry season, 106 days each) aimed to quantify the N2O and CH4 emissions, NH3 volatilization and emission factor (EF) after application of dung, urine, dung + urine and urea fertilizer on a Ferralsol of a marandu palisade-grass pastureland of Brazil. We aimed to investigate the effects of soil moisture, soil compaction, urine composition, urine volume, and dung addition on N2O emission from a urine-treated tropical Ferralsol under controlled conditions as well on CH4 emission. As option to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions we studied how grazing heights affect the magnitude of GHG emissions; how season influence GHG production and consumption; what are the key driving variables associated with GHG emissions. Additionally, we investigated the effect of dietary mineral salt levels on urine-N concentration, urine volume, the proportion of N compounds in the urine and faeces-N concentration under field conditions. The emissions factor (EF) calculated differed according excretes and season. The EFs were 2.34%, 4.26% and 3.95% in the rainy season and 3.00%, 1.35% and 1.59% in the dry season, respectively, for the dung patches, urine patches and dung + urine. The N2O EF from urea was 0.37%. The averages of CH4 accumulated emissions were 99.72, 7.82 and 28.64 (mg CH4-C m2) for dung, urine and dung + urine in this sequence. The manipulated soil conditions moisture content, compaction, and dung addition affected N2O emissions when varying quantities of urine-N were applied (in equal urine volumes) being higher when added dung and did not affect when varying urine volumes were applied (containing equal quantities of urine-N) ...
Doutor

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Arias-Navarro, Cristina [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Butterbach-Bahl und Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Rennenberg. „Spatial variability of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in tropical systems of East Africa: Effects of land use and topography“. Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1154385752/34.

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Abbruzzini, Thalita Fernanda. „The role of biochar on greenhouse gas offsets, improvement of soil attributes and nutrient use efficiency in tropical soils“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-30092015-115437/.

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The solid product of pyrolysis, called \"biochar\" (BC) in the context of improving soil properties as part of agronomic or environmental management, also got into focus as a climate mitigation strategy. The researcher investigated the effects of BC on soil attributes, nitrogen (N) use and GHG emissions. In Chapter 1 the origin of BC was commented. In Chapter 2, BC from sugarcane straw was characterized, and its priming on native SC was evaluated with the treatments: (T1) Soil; (T2) BC; (T3) Soil + BC 10 Mg ha-1; (T4) Soil + BC 20 Mg ha-1; and (T5) Soil + BC 50 Mg ha-1. In Chapter 3, it was evaluated the combination of BC, filter cake (F) and vinasse (V), in relation to soil attributes and carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The treatments were: (T1) Soil + FC + V; (T2) Soil + FC + V + BC 10 Mg ha-1; (T3) Soil + FC + V + BC 20 Mg ha-1; and (T4) Soil + FC + V + BC 50 Mg ha-1. In Chapter 4, the nitrogen (N) use efficiency was investigated in a pot trial under wheat using NH4[15N]O3 and rates of BC, with the treatments: (T1) Soil, with N, no BC; (T2) Soil, with N, BC 10 Mg ha-1; (T3) Soil, with N, BC 20 Mg ha-1; and (T4) Soil, with N, BC 50 Mg ha-1. BC had C and N contents higher compared to the feedstock. Total K, Mg and P also increased. The lowest CO2 fluxes were for BC, and CO2 from soil and soil + BC did not differ. The highest CO2 - C4 was in the first day, and there were no differences in the CO2 - C3. The BC presents characteristics to improve soil attributes. BC stability is an opportunity to reduce CO2 emissions. In Chapter 3, soil pH, P and base contents increased and Al3+ decreased with BC to sandy soil. Impacts of BC on the CEC were higher in sandy soil. Mineral N decreased with BC. Cumulative CO2 in T1 were higher in sandy and clayey soils than the control. T2 and T3 in sandy soil increased CO2 emissions, but T4 did not differ from T1. BC reduced N2O emissions from sandy and clayey soils relative to T1. BC with FC and V affected pH, CEC, P and base contents. However, those effects were higher in sandy soil. The BC supressed N2O from V and FC. In Chapter 4, BC decreased N2O from N fertilization compared to only N fertilizer. T4 had higher tillering and grain yield. Also, T2 to T4 had higher 100-grain weight and shoot. T3 and T4 had the highest N in grains. The application of BC to soil improves N availability and use efficiency, enhances grain yields and reduces N2O from N fertilization. This study opened encouraging perspectives to the evaluation of sugarcane straw BC to improve soil quality and mitigate GHG emissions.
O produto sólido da pirólise, denominado \"biochar\" (BC) no contexto da melhoria nos atributos do solo como parte do manejo agrícola e ambiental, também tem se destacado na mitigação das mudanças climáticas. O pesquisador investigou os efeitos do BC nos atributos do solo, uso do nitrogênio (N) e emissões de GEE. No Cap. 1 comentou-se a origem do BC. No Cap. 2, caracterizou-se o BC de palha de cana-de-açúcar e avaliou-se o potencial de decomposição do C do solo, com os tratamentos: (T1) Solo; (T2) BC; (T3) Solo + BC 10 Mg ha-1; (T4) Solo + BC 20 Mg ha-1 (T4); e (T5) Solo + BC 50 Mg ha-1. No Cap. 3, avaliou-se a combinação BC, torta de filtro (TF) e vinhaça (V) em atributos do solo e fluxos de dióxido de carbono (CO2), metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O) nos tratamentos: (T1) Solo + TF + V; (T2) Solo + TF + V + BC 10 Mg ha-1; (T3) Solo + TF + V + BC 20 Mg ha-1; e (T4) Solo + TF + V + BC 50 Mg ha-1. No Cap. 4 investigou-se a eficiência de uso do N num experimento em vasos com trigo usando NH4 [15N]O3 e doses de BC, com os tratamentos: (T1) Solo, com N, sem BC; (T2) Solo, com N, BC 10 Mg ha-1; (T3) Solo, com N, BC 20 Mg ha-1; e (T4) Solo, com N, BC 50 Mg ha-1. Os teores de C e N do BC foram maiores comparado à biomassa. K, Mg e P totais também aumentaram. Os menores fluxos de CO2 foram do BC. O CO2 do solo e solo + BC não diferiram. Observou-se maior CO2 - C4 no primeiro dia de incubação, porém sem diferenças no CO2 - C3. O BC apresenta características para melhorar atributos do solo e reduzir as emissões de CO2. No Cap. 3, pH, P e bases aumentaram e o Al3+ diminuíu com o BC. Os impactos do BC na CTC foram maiores em solo arenoso. O N mineral diminuíu com o BC. O CO2 acumulado no T1 foi maior nos solos arenoso e argiloso comparado ao controle. O T2 e T3 aumentaram o CO2 acumulado do arenoso relativo ao T1, enquanto T4 e T1 não diferiram. O BC reduziu as emissões de N2O pelos solos arenoso e argiloso comparado ao T1. O BC combinado à TF e V afetaram pH, CTC, P e bases do solo arenoso. O BC suprimiu o N2O de solos com V e TF. No Cap. 4, o BC diminuíu as emissões de N2O comparado ao fertilizante N apenas. T4 teve rendimento de grãos superior ao T1. T2 a T4 apresentaram maior peso de 100 grãos e biomassa aérea. T3 e T4 tiveram maior N em grãos. O BC melhora o uso do N, a produção de grãos e reduz o N2O de fertilizante N, abrindo perspectivas para a avaliação do BC de palha de cana-de-açúcar na melhoria da qualidade do solo e mitigar das emissões de GEE.

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D'AMELIO, MONICA T. S. „Estudo de gases de efeito estufa na Amazônia“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11404.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:04/04148-3

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Messinger, Jana [Verfasser], und Gregor [Akademischer Betreuer] Aas. „Potential of the lulo (Solanum quitoense) as new tropical fruit in Germany : Consumer acceptance and greenhouse cropping / Jana Messinger ; Betreuer: Gregor Aas“. Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181188164/34.

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Batalha, Camila Delveaux Araujo. „Grazing strategies, animal performance and environmental sustainability in intensive pasture-based milk production systems“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-15032019-125835/.

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In Brazilian livestock, and its diverse ways of production, the management of grazing animals is known as the lowest return on investment on land use opportunities. Nevertheless, among different types of milk production systems, it is noted that the use of pasture grazing is a common feature between them. Thus, to achieve profitability and maintain system sustainability, the identification of the most adequate and efficient pasture management practices, can maximize production per cow and production per unit area. The low efficiency of this method of production, also classifies the national livestock as the major source of environmental pollution due the emission of pollutants, such as greenhouse gases and nitrogen. The adoption of pasture management techniques respecting forage physiological limits and increasing digestibility of nutrients, can reduce the excretion of nutrients and the production of methane per kilo of milk produced on the environment. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate metabolic variables, greenhouse gas emissions and animal performance for dairy cows grazing elephant grass subjected to rotational stocking strategies. Chapter 1: In this study was to evaluate two strategies of grazing management: pre-grazing targets of 95% versus maximum canopy light interception (LI). In intensive pasture-based milk production systems, the management based on LI95% allows lactating cows to have access to pastures with lower proportion of stems, with higher proportions of young leaves better chemical composition and perform an efficient grazing with lower forage losses. Therefore, the LI95% pasture management strategy results in higher energy intake, higher milk production per cow, higher stocking rates of pasture and higher milk yield per area. Also, the strategy allows the decrease of methane emissions per net energy intake when comparing to management based on LIMax. However, dietary N use efficiency did not increase with this management practice. Chapter 2: The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effects of paddock allocation time (a.m. vs. p.m.) on milk production, ruminal variables and efficiency of N use of mid-lactation dairy cows. In intensive pasture-based milk production systems, allocating cows on new paddocks on p.m. time has no effect on forage intake and milk production of grazing mid-lactation cows. However, the higher content of nonstructural carbohydrate of forage from p.m. pastures increases the yield of microbial protein, decreases milk urea nitrogen and tends to increase the yields of milk protein and milk casein compared to a.m. pastures. Throughout this thesis there were an improvement on nutritive value of forage adopting LI95% as a pre- grazing target and forage grazed at p.m. Therefore, the time of allocation on paddock should be used along with LI95% as fine-tune in intensive pasture-based milk production systems.
No Brasil, a produção animal em pastagens é reconhecida por ser uma atividade pouco competitiva frente a outras oportunidades de uso da terra. Embora sejam inúmeros os tipos de sistemas de produção de leite no Brasil, nota-se que a utilização de pastagens é característica comum. Assim, a identificação de práticas adequadas e eficientes de manejo do pastejo contribuirá com aumento da produção por vaca e por unidade de área, além de contribuir para a sustentabilidade do sistema. A baixa eficiência do uso dos recursos naturais tem classificado a pecuária nacional como uma importante fonte de poluição ambiental devido à emissão de poluentes, como gases de efeito estufa e excreção de nitrogênio. A adoção de técnicas de manejo de pastagens respeitando os limites fisiológicos da forrageira e aumentando sua digestibilidade, podem reduzir a produção de metano por quilo de leite produzido no ambiente e a excreção de nutrientes. Os objetivos desta tese foram investigar variáveis metabólicas e desempenho animal de vacas leiteiras em capim-elefante cv. cameroon submetido a estratégias de pastejo rotativo. Capítulo 1: Neste estudo foram avaliadas duas estratégias de manejo de pastejo: meta de pré-pastejo de 95% versus máxima interceptação luminosa (IL). Em sistemas intensivos de produção de leite à pasto, o manejo baseado no IL95% permite que vacas tenham acesso a pastos com maior relação folha: colmo, menores perdas de forragem, resultando em uma forragem com melhor composição química. Os animais pastejando forragem com IL95% tiveram maior consumo de matéria seca e energia, com maior produção de leite por vaca e taxa de lotação resultando em maior produção de leite por área. Além disso, a estratégia permite a diminuição das emissões de metano por consumo de energia líquida quando comparado a máxima IL. No entanto, a eficiência do uso de N não aumentou com essa prática de manejo. Capítulo 2: O objetivo do segundo estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do período de início pastejo (a.m. ou. p.m.) na produção de leite, variáveis ruminais e eficiência de uso de N de vacas leiteiras no terço médio da lactação. Em sistemas intensivos de produção de leite à pasto, o pastejo de novos piquetes no período da tarde não teve efeito sobre o consumo de forragem e produção de leite de vacas no terço médio da lactação. No entanto, o maior teor de carboidratos não fibrosos da forragem ao final do dia possibilitou o aumento da síntese de proteína microbiana, redução do nitrogênio uréico no leite e apresentou tendência para aumento da produção de proteína e caseína do leite em comparação à vacas que iniciaram o pastejo no período da manhã. Ao longo dos estudos desta tese houve uma melhora no valor nutritivo da forragem adotando IL95% e da forragem pastejada no período da tarde. Assim, o pastejo no período da tarde deve ser adotado juntamente com IL95% como ajuste fino em sistemas intensivos de produção de leite à base de pasto.

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Fonsêca, Filho Valdir Martins da. „Produção, perda e ganho de calor em caprinos no ambiente tropical: um estudo do equilibrio térmico associado à emissão de CH4“. Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/312.

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To study the thermal balance associated to methane emission in goats in a tropical environment, it was used nine Anglo Nubian females weighing in average 53.89 kg. The animals were observed during nine consecutive days from 08:00 to 17:00. An indirect open calorimetry system was used with a facial mask adjusted on the animal s muzzle and the volume of O2, CO2, CH4 and water vapor in the inspired and expired air were determined as well as the respiratory rate, respiratory volume and the temperature of expired air. Several parameters were also collected such as rectal temperature, body surface and hair coat temperature, air temperature and humidity and black globe temperature. The results showed that when the air temperature was below 26 °C the heat exchange for long-wave radiation and convection were effective to maintain the thermal equilibrium of the animals, since respiratory rate, respiratory volume, rectal temperature and metabolic heat production parameters did not change. When the air temperature increased to 28 °C, there was a slight change in physiological responses. When air temperature was higher then 30°C the variation in the physiological parameters was significant. These results demonstrated that the thermal balance in Anglo Nubian goats protected from direct solar radiation for an air temperature between 20 and 25 °C is maintained primarily by the sensible heat loss and when these temperature reaches values higher then 30 °C can only be maintained by latent heat loss for a cost of significant changes in respiratory rate and volume, hence thermal comfort zone was varying from 20 to 27 °C. In this environment, methane emission from enteric fermentation was in average 8.41 kg year-1 animal-1. There was no significant correlation between the methane emission and with physiological and environmental parameters but with individual characteristics of each animal, such as body weight
Com objetivo estudar o equilíbrio térmico associado à emissão de CH4 em caprinos em ambiente tropical, o presente trabalho utilizou nove fêmeas da raça Anglo Nubiano com peso corporal médio de 53,89 kg, que foram observadas durante nove dias consecutivos entre às 08:00 até 17:00 horas. Um sistema de calorimetria indireta aberta com auxílio de máscara facial ajustada ao focinho dos animais foi utilizado para determinar o volume de O2, CO2, CH4 e H2O (vapor) no ar inspirado e expirado. Simultaneamente a esses volumes também foram determinados nos animais à frequência e volume respiratório, além das temperaturas do ar expirado, retal, superfície da pele e pelame, enquanto no ambiente foram determinados a temperatura do ar e umidade, além da temperatura do globo negro. Os resultados mostraram para uma temperatura do ar inferior a 26°C as trocas de calor por radiação de ondas longas e convecção foram eficazes para manter o equilíbrio térmico dos animais, pois frequencia respiratória e volume respiratório, além da temperatura retal e produção de calor metabólico não se alteraram, mas quando a temperatura do ar passou de 28 °C, ocorreu uma leve alteração nas respostas fisiológicas e acima 30 °C essa alteração foi bem significativa. Esses resultados demonstraram que o equilíbrio térmico dos caprinos da raça Anglo Nubiano protegidos da radiação solar direta para uma faixa de temperatura do ar entre 20 a 25 °C é mantido basicamente pela perda de calor sensível e, após 30 °C, somente pode ser conseguido via perda de calor latente à custa de alterações significativas na frequência e volume respiratório, consequentemente sua faixa de zona de conforto térmico estaria variando entre 20 a 27 °C aproximadamente quando manejados protegidos da radiação solar. Nestas condições sua emissão de CH4 é da ordem de cerca de 8,41 kg ano-1 animal-1, sendo essa emissão não correlacionada de forma significativa com as variáveis fisiológicas e ambientais avaliadas e sim com características individuais de cada animal, como seu peso corporal

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Fracetto, Felipe José Cury. „Estoque de carbono e nitrogênio e estrutura da comunidade de diazotróficas em solos de caatinga com plantio de mamona“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-23022010-091935/.

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Entre as principais oleaginosas eleitas para a produção de biodiesel, encontra-se a mamona (Ricinus communis L.), por possuir elevado teor de óleo, conhecido como óleo de rícino, extraído pela prensagem das sementes, contendo 90% de ácido graxo ricinoléico, o qual confere ao óleo suas características singulares, possibilitando ampla gama de utilização industrial. A produção brasileira de mamona concentra-se na caatinga baiana. A agricultura desta região, embora seja feita sem o uso de insumos agrícolas mantém uma produtividade regular. Com isso, tornou-se importante avaliar o efeito ambiental desta cultura sobre os estoques de C (carbono) e N (nitrogênio) no solo e os mecanismos de sua manutenção. Este trabalho foi realizado em solos de uma fazenda na região de Irecê-BA, tendo como objetivos calcular os estoques de C e N no solo; calcular o fluxo de gases do efeito estufa dos resíduos de mamona; calcular os valores C e N da biomassa microbiana no solo (BMS) e analisar o perfil da comunidade de bactérias fixadoras de N2 no solo por PCR-DGGE. Os resultados indicaram a ausência de variações nos estoques de C entre os tratamentos de mamona com 10, 20 e 50 anos de cultivo (48 Mg ha-1) sendo superados pelos valores encontrados na caatinga (90 Mg ha-1); mesma condição para o estoque de N (5,3 Mg ha-1 nos tratamentos de mamona e 8 Mg ha-1 na caatinga). Já os valores de C-microbiano foram superiores na caatinga, mas não apresentaram diferenças entre os cultivos de mamona; para o N-microbiano, os valores não sofreram diferenças entre as camadas, porém foram inferiores no tratamento de mamona com 10 e 50 anos de cultivo. O fluxo de gases de N-N2O e C-CO2 foram maiores para o tratamento com aplicação de resíduos orgânicos de mamona chegando a 160 mg m-2 h-1 de C-CO2 e 600 mg m-2 h-1 de N-N2O. O teste de redução de acetileno (ARA) e a análise de DGGE indicaram que o perfil da comunidade de bactérias diazotróficas do solo nos diferentes tratamentos sofreu alteração e permitiu a estocagem de N no solo durante os 50 anos de cultivo viabilizando, ambientalmente, a produção de mamona nesta região.
Among the main oils elected for biodiesel production is the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) for its high oil content, known as castor oil extracted by pressing the seeds containing 90% ricinoleic acid, which gives the oil its unique features, allowing a wide range of industrial use. Brazilian production of castor oil is concentrated in the tropical dry forest of Bahia. Farming in this region, although it is made without the use of agricultural inputs remains a regular productivity. With this, it became important to assess the \"environmental effect\" of this culture on the stocks of C (carbon) and N (nitrogen) in soil and the mechanisms for its maintenance. This work was carried out in soils of a farm in Irecê-BA, aimed to calculate the stocks of C and N in soil, calculated the flows of greenhouse gases from oil waste; to figure out the values of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of microbial biomass in soil (BMS and to analyze the profile of the community of N2-fixing bacteria in soil through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results indicated the absence of changes in C stocks between treatments of castor oil with 10, 20 and 50 years of cultivation (about 48 Mg ha-1) being outweighed by values found in the tropical dry forest (90 Mg ha-1); same condition verified for the stock of N (5.3 Mg ha-1 treatments of castor and 8 Mg ha-1 in tropical dry forest). As for values of microbial-C, they were higher in the tropical dry forest and did not present differences between the cultures of castor oil; regarding microbial-N values, there have not been differences between the layers, but they were lower for castor oil with 10 and 50 years of cultivation. The gases flow accumulated N-N2O was significantly higher than that of CCO2 and higher for the treatment of soil with organic fertilizer castor reaching 160 mg m- 2 h-1 of C-CO2 and 600 mg m-2 h-1 of N-N2O. ARA analysis and DGGE indicated that the profile of the diazotrophic community of soil in different treatments had change, allowing the storage of N in soil during the 50 years of cultivation enabling, in environmental terms, the production of castor oil in this region.

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Bücher zum Thema "Tropical greenhouse"

International Symposium on Greenhouses, Environmental Controls and In-House Mechanization for Crop Production in the Tropics and Sub-Toropics (2004 Cameron Highlands, Pahang). Controlled environment production system for sustainable agricultural production: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Greenhouses, Environmental Controls and In-House Mechanization for Crop Production in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics : Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, June 15-17, 2004. Leuven, Belgium: ISHS, 2006.

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Griffith, Lynn P. Tropical foliage plants: A grower's guide. 2. Aufl. Batavia, Ill: Ball Pub., 2006.

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Griffith, Lynn P. Tropical foliage plants: A grower's guide. Batavia, Ill., USA: Ball Pub., 1998.

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Wassmann, Reiner, und Paul L. G. Vlek, Hrsg. Tropical Agriculture in Transition — Opportunities for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3604-6.

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Trexler, Mark C. Keeping it green: Tropical forestry opportunities for mitigating climate change. Washington, D.C: World Resources Institute, 1995.

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Evans, J. L. Envisaged impacts of enhanced greenhouse warming on tropical cyclones in the Australian region. Australia: CSIRO, 1990.

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Myers, Norman. Deforestation rates in tropical forests and their climatic implications: A Friends of the Earth report. London: Friends of the Earth Trust, 1989.

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Myers, Norman. Deforestation rates in tropical forests and their climatic implications: A Friends of the Earth report. London: Friends of the Earth, 1989.

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Mamaev, S. A. Rastenii︠a︡ oranzhereĭ Botanicheskogo sada Uralʹskogo otdelenii︠a︡ RAN: K 70-letii︠u︡ Botanicheskogo sada. Ekaterinburg: Botanicheskiĭ sad UrO RAN, 2006.

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Graf, Alfred Byrd. Exotica, series 4 international: Pictorial cyclopedia of exotic plants from tropical and near-tropic regions : a treasury of indoor ornamentals for home, the office, or greenhouse - in warm climates the patio and the garden outdoors. East Rutherford, N.J: Roehrs Co. Publishers, 1985.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Tropical greenhouse"

Myers, Norman, und Thomas J. Goreau. „Tropical Forests and the Greenhouse Effect: A Management Response“. In Tropical Forests and Climate, 215–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3608-4_22.

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Marland, Gregg. „A Commentary on: Tropical Forests and the Greenhouse Effect: A Management Response“. In Tropical Forests and Climate, 227–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3608-4_23.

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Leroux, M. „Natural Protection and Voluntary Extension of the Tropical African Forest Cover“. In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 241–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_15.

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Fearnside, Philip M. „Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Hydroelectric Dams in Tropical Forests“. In Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia, 426–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch42.

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Pittock, A. B., K. Walsh und K. Mcinnes. „Tropical Cyclones and Coastal Inundation under Enhanced Greenhouse Conditions“. In Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific, 159–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1053-4_15.

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Blais, Anne-Marie, Stéphane Lorrain, Yanick Plourde und Louis Varfalvy. „Organic Carbon Densities of Soils and Vegetation of Tropical, Temperate and Boreal Forests“. In Greenhouse Gas Emissions — Fluxes and Processes, 155–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-26643-3_7.

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Richard, Sandrine, Philippe Gosse, Alain Grégoire, Robert Delmas und Corinne Galy-Lacaux. „Impact of Methane Oxidation in Tropical Reservoirs on Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Water Quality“. In Greenhouse Gas Emissions — Fluxes and Processes, 529–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-26643-3_23.

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Blais, Anne-Marie, Stéphane Lorrain und Alain Tremblay. „Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (CO2, CH4 and N2O) in Forests and Wetlands of Boreal, Temperate and Tropical Regions“. In Greenhouse Gas Emissions — Fluxes and Processes, 87–127. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-26643-3_5.

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Wassmann, Reiner, und Paul L. G. Vlek. „Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Agriculture: Scope and Research Priorities“. In Tropical Agriculture in Transition — Opportunities for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions?, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3604-6_1.

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Wassmann, R., H. U. Neue, J. K. Ladha und M. S. Aulakh. „Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in Asia“. In Tropical Agriculture in Transition — Opportunities for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions?, 65–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3604-6_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Tropical greenhouse"

Priyadarshana, KHH, M. A. L. S. K. Manchanayaka und B. H. Sudantha. „IoT Based Greenhouse System for Tropical Countries“. In 2020 International Conference on Image Processing and Robotics (ICIP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip48927.2020.9367350.

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Ge, Zhiwu, Yue Li und Chengling Bian. „Study of a typical photovoltaic greenhouse in Hainan tropical island“. In 2016 5th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-16.2016.98.

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Samsuri, Saiful Farhan M., Robiah Ahmad, Mohamed Hussein und Abd Rahman Abd Rahim. „Identification and Modeling of Environmental Climates Inside Naturally Ventilated Tropical Greenhouse“. In 2010 Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ams.2010.86.

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Abas, M. A., Salman, Ridwan und M. Adzhar. „Synchronizing irrigation hours for automation control in tropical greenhouse electronic system“. In APPLIED PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER (APCOM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5118145.

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Alar, Hernan S., und Danilo C. Sabado. „Utilizing a Greenhouse Activities Streamlining System Towards Accurate VPD Monitoring for Tropical Plants“. In 2017 International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing (ICVISP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvisp.2017.15.

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Blewett, J., B. D. A. Naafs, A. V. Gallego-Sala und R. D. Pancost. „A Novel Proxy Based on Archaeal Lipids for Tropical Terrestrial Temperatures in Ancient Greenhouse Climates“. In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902851.

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Jayasuriya, Yasas Pansilu, Chanuka Sandaru Elvitigala, Kolitha Wamakulasooriya und BH Sudantha. „Low Cost and IoT Based Greenhouse with Climate Monitoring and Controlling System for Tropical Countries“. In 2018 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse.2018.8519997.

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Quinn, Ryan K., Jana Phillips, Julia Brenner, Carla L. Lopez und Melanie Mayes. „THE RESPONSE OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TO PULSE CHANGES IN MOISTURE CONTENT IN TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS“. In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312677.

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„Potential Application of Greenhouse Concept in the Drying of Bulk Agricultural Materials in the Tropical Region“. In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152141763.

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Criollo, Nancy P., Angel D. Ramirez, Daniel A. Salas und Rafael Andrade. „The Role of Higher Education Institutions Regarding Climate Change: The Case of Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral and its Carbon Footprint in Ecuador“. In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10676.

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Abstract A case study of a university campus in a tropical area has been analyzed. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), one of the leading public polytechnic higher education institutions in Ecuador, is located in Guayaquil in the Guayas province. ESPOL has around 12300 students and 1740 faculty members and administrative staff. The climatic conditions are defined as dry tropical forest and have two main seasons, one with rain and high humidity and one that is dry. Average day temperature is 28°C. Air conditioning is required throughout the whole year. The carbon footprint (CF) has been calculated for the university campus as prescribed by the ISO 14064 International Standard for greenhouse gases (GHG) Emission and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and World Resources Institute (WRI). Results indicate that the major contributor to the CF of the ESPOL campus is electricity generation off–campus with 66%. The CF per student is 0.406 tons CO2e which in comparison with information of other higher education institutions (HEIs) campuses is low. This is mostly associated with the CF of the electricity generated in Ecuador which is above 80% renewable. Additionally, a comparison of HEI cases based on their CF has been done. Further mitigation of GHG emissions is possible by energy efficiency measures at the building and transportation level.

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