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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Trinil“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 26. Juli 2024

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1

Astutik, Yuli, und Soebijantoro Soebijantoro. „Dampak Kunjungan Wisatawan Terhadap Pelestarian Museum Trinil Tahun 2010-2013“. AGASTYA: JURNAL SEJARAH DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 5, Nr. 02 (10.07.2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/ajsp.v5i02.889.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kunjungan wisatawan terhadap pelestarian Museum Trinil tahun 2010-2013. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di Musuem Trini dan sekitarnya Dukuh Pilang Desa Kawu Kecamatan Kedunggalar Kabupaten Ngawi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan induktif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sumber datar primer dan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Validasi yang digunakan untuk menguji kebenaran dan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan analisi model interaktif miles dan hubbermain. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu semakin banyak jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Museum Trinil yang terjadi pada tahun 2010 hingga 2013 menyebabkan Museum Trinil semakin tidak lestari. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan banyaknya dampak negatif kuat daripada dampak positif. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan hasil observasi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa keinginan dari sebagian besar wisatawan asing untuk memiliki benda-benda cagar budaya yang asli bukan replika buatan manusia sebagai sebuah souvenir. Sehingga hal ini menyebabkan sebagian besar koleksi-koleksi yang ada di Museum Trinil hanya sebuah replika atau tiruan dari fosil yang sebenarnya yang dapat mengurangi keaslian bukti peninggalan sejarah yang ada Kabupaten Ngawi khususnya di Museum Trinil itu sendiri. Sedangkan wisatawan lokal sering meninggalkan sampah disekitar Museum Trinil khususnya di taman belakang yang lokasinya jauh dari pengawasan pengelola museum. Selain itu, banyaknya coretan-coretan menggunakan aerosol semprot benda-benda yang ada di sekitar Museum Trinil. Terbukti dari banyaknya coretan pada replika hewan-hewan purba yang ada di taman belakang gedung serta pada tugu peresmian berdirinya Museum Trinil. Meskipun peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang terjadi mulai tahun 2010 hingga 2013 membawa dampak positif dengan perenovasian gedung Museum Trinil yang dilakaukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat, dampak negatif akan tetap ada dan kemungkinan juga akan merusak hasil perenovasian tersebut apabila tidak diimbangi dengan peraturan-peratuan yang jelas untuk para wisatawan baik asing maupun lokal.

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Sudibyo, Rizal Denariyan, Ika Ratniarsih und Sigit Hadi Laksono. „Kajian Tatanan Bentuk Arsitektur Simbolis Pada Pengembangan Museum Trinil Di Kabupaten Ngawi“. Tekstur (Jurnal Arsitektur) 2, Nr. 1 (21.04.2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.tekstur.2021.v2i1.1517.

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Abstrak. Ngawi Regency is a place of ancient sites whose existence is less known by the public. Due to the lack of supporting facilities for the Trinil Museum which holds a lot of ancient history. The development at the Trinil Museum is needed to make the museum run optimally and become a big icon for Ngawi Regency. The method used to compile this report is the descriptive method in which there are literary case studies and field case studies by comparing and making references to the development plan. The location of the Trinil Museum which will be developed is in Kawu Village, Kec. Kedunggalar, Ngawi Regency, East Java. The land area on the site reaches ± 15,000 m2 (1.5 hectares), borders with Bengawan Solo, forest and community settlements in Kawu Village. Facilities that will be added to the design object are Main Facilities: Exhibition and Education Building Facilities, Entertainment Facilities, Archeological Facilities, Supporting Facilities: Management Building Facilities, Restaurant and Cafe Facilities, Meeting Facilities, Lodging Facilities, Outbound Facilities, Service Facilities (Toilets, EEC, Warehouse, Loading Dock, Drop Off). The theme used for this design is symbolic, symbolic here uses a disguised metaphor where the manifestation is disguised so that people who see the object think and have their own point of view, where the process is by adapting / integrating with the surrounding environment and taking different forms. characterizes the Ngawi area with an emphasis on ancient accents. The application of the theme to the land arrangement is a form of circulation such as bones, the application of the theme to the shape is on the roof using the roof found in the area with the addition of ancient shapes and textures such as stones and bones, the application of the theme to the space is the emphasis of stone accents and the color of stone and wood. The benefit of designing this object is to make the Trinil Museum run even more optimally, to provide a forum for research and people who want to study archeology and to make it a great icon for Ngawi Regency.Keywords: Museum, Ngawi, Development, Symbolic, Trinil Abstrak. Kabupaten Ngawi adalah tempat situs purba yang keberadaannya kurang diketahui oleh khalayak ramai. Dikarenakan kurangnya fasilitas penunjang terhadap Museum Trinil yang menyimpan banyak ilmu sejarah purbakala. Pengembangan di Museum Trinil diperlukan guna menjadikan museum tersebut berjalan secara maksimal dan menjadi suatu ikon yang besar untuk Kabupaten Ngawi. Metode yang di gunakan untuk menyusun laporan ini adalah Metode Deskriptif dimana dalam metode tersebut terdapat Studi Kasus Literatur dan Studi Kasus Lapangan dengan membandingkan dan menjadikan referensi untuk rencana pengembangan tersebut. Lokasi Museum Trinil yang akan dikembangkan berada di Desa Kawu, Kec. Kedunggalar, Kabupaten Ngawi, Jawa Timur. Luas Lahan pada tapak mencapai ±15.000 m2 (1,5 Hektar), Berbatasan dengan Bengawan Solo, Hutan dan pemukiman warga Desa Kawu. Fasilitas yang akan ditambahkan pada objek rancangan tersebut yaitu Fasilitas Utama : Fasilitas Gedung Pameran dan Edukasi, Fasilitas Hiburan, Fasilitas Arkeologi, Fasilitas Penunjang : Fasilitas Gedung Pengelola, Fasilitas Restoran dan Kafe, Fasilitas Pertemuan, Fasilitas Penginapan, Fasilitas Outbond, Fasilitas Servis (Toilet, MEE,Gudang,Loading Dock, Drop Off). Tema yang digunakan untuk rancangan ini adalah simbolis, simbolis disini menggunakan metafora tersamar dimana perwujudannya dengan cara disamarkan agar orang yang melihat obyek tersebut berfikir dan memiliki sudut pandang masing-masing, dimana prosesnya dengan cara adapatasi/ menyatu dengan lingkungan sekitar dan mengambil bentuk-bentuk yang menjadi ciri khas daerah Ngawi dengan penekanan aksen purbakala. Penerapan tema pada tatanana lahan adalah bentuk sirkulasi seperti tulang, penerapan tema pada bentuk adalah pada atap menggunakan atap yang terdapat pada daerah tersebut dengan ditambah bentuk dan tekstur purba seperti bebatuan dan tulang, penerapan tema pada ruang adalah penekanan aksen bebatuan dan warna batu dan kayu. Manfaat dari perancangan objek ini yaitu agar Museum Trinil berjalan lebih maksimal lagi, memberikan wadah untuk penelitian dan orang yang ingin belajar ilmu kepurbaan dan menjadikan suatu ikon yang besar untuk Kabupaten Ngawi.Kata kunci: Museum, Ngawi, Pengembangan, Simbolis, Trinil

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Mu’in, A., S. Irawati, H. Susanto, M. Agung und H. Marubayashi. „Trinil clean index of a ring“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1872, Nr. 1 (01.05.2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1872/1/012016.

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4

Alink, Gerrit, Wil Roebroeks und Truman Simanjuntak. „The Homo erectus Site of Trinil: Past, Present and Future of a Historic Place“. AMERTA 34, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v34i2.150.

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Abstrak. Trinil: Masa lalu, Sekarang dan Masa Depan Sebuah Situs Bersejarah. Dusun Trinil menjadi terkenal dengan ditemukannya Pithecanthropus erectus, sekarang Homo erectus, oleh Dubois pada tahun 1891. Setelah ekskavasi Dubois, pada tahun 1907 sebuah ekspedisi besar-besaran dipimpin oleh E. Selenka berlangsung di lokasi yang sama. Selain fosil-fosil sisa manusia, puluhan ribu fosil vertebrata lain dan moluska ditemukan dalam ekskavasi Dubois dan Selenka antara tahun 1891 dan 1907. Koleksi ini sekarang disimpan di Naturalis di Leiden (Belanda) dan di Museum für Naturkunde di Berlin (Jerman). Studi yang berlangsung saat ini terhadap koleksi-koleksi itu mendorong perlunya penelitian baru di lapangan. Tujuannya selain untuk mengetahui potensi situs juga untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang muncul dalam studi koleksi. Parit penggalian Dubois dan ekspedisi Selenka dikontekstualisasikan dalam peta geografi modern berdasarkan data historis, bahan fotografi yang masih ada, dan peninjauan lapangan 2014/2015. Potensi untuk menemukan tinggalan pada ‘Hauptknochenschicht’ (HK) cukup besar di tepi kiri sungai Solo, di selatan penggalian Dubois yang asli, termasuk di tepi kiri disebelah timur lokasi yang digali. Pertanyaan yang masih tersisa, antara lain menyangkut stratigrafi situs, umur fauna Trinil dan Homo erectus, dan homogenitas himpunan HK, diharapkan dapat terjawab melalui penelitian baru yang akan dilaksanakan di situs ini. Abstract. Trinil became famous through the discovery of Pithecanthropus erectus, now Homo erectus, by Dubois in 1891. After Dubois’ excavations it was the expedition led by E. Selenka in 1907 performing large scale fieldwork at the location. Apart from the hominin remains, thousands of other vertebrate and molluscan fossils were excavated by both Dubois and Selenka between 1891 and 1908. These collections are currently housed at Naturalis in Leiden (The Netherlands) and the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin (Germany). Ongoing studies of these collections have raised questions that warrant new fieldwork. This study aimed to establish the site‘s present potential to solve extant research questions. The excavation trenches of Dubois and the Selenka expedition were contextualized within a modern geographical map, based on historical data, extant photographic material and a 2014/2015 field trip. The potential to reach the find bearing Hauptknochenschicht (HK) is high at the left bank of the Solo river, south of Dubois’ original excavations. Also the left bank directly east of the former excavation pits has a good potential. Still remaining questions concerning the site stratigraphy, the age of the Trinil fauna, including the Homo erectus finds, and the homogeneity of the HK assemblage, might be resolved by new fieldwork.

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Joordens, Josephine, und Shinatria Adhityatama. „Ground truths about ancient hominins in Java“. EU Research Spring 2023, Nr. 34 (April 2023): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56181/xsfd7416.

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Prof. Josephine Joordens shares revelations unearthed in the project Studying Homo erectus Lifestyle and Location (SheLL), in which she is reassessing a dig site in Trinil (Indonesia) through a geoarchaeological re-excavation.

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GROESBEEK, BIANCA JANSSEN. „The Serial Position of the Trinil Upper Molars.“ Anthropological Science 104, Nr. 2 (1996): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.104.107.

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7

Widianto, Harry. „Dari Pithecanthropus Ke Homo Erectus: Situs, Stratigrafi, dan Pertanggalan Temuan Fosil Manusia di Indonesia“. Berkala Arkeologi 26, Nr. 2 (11.11.2006): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v26i2.936.

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Lebih dari 100 individu manusia purba ditampilkan dari berbagai endapan purba di Pulau Jawa, yang situs-situsnya terletak pada berbagai bentang fisiografi, yaitu : cekungan besar Solo (Sangiran dan Miri), endapan volkanik Pegunungan Kendeng (Trinil, Kedungbrubus, dan Perning di Mojokerto ), endapan alluvial Bengawan Solo (Ngandong, Sambungmacan, dan Ngawi), serta endapan volkanik Gunung Muria (Patiayam). Migrasi manusia di Pulau Jawa itu diperkirakan baru berlangsung pada Plestosen Bawah dari daratan Asia, yang mungkin berasal dari Afrika.

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Ruff, Christopher B., Laurent Puymerail, Roberto Macchiarelli, Justin Sipla und Russell L. Ciochon. „Structure and composition of the Trinil femora: Functional and taxonomic implications“. Journal of Human Evolution 80 (März 2015): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.12.004.

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Porkily, Richard, Lesly Latupapua und Andri Tuhumury. „KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS SATWA BURUNG DI KAWASAN PERKEBUNAN PULAU AY KECAMATAN PULAU BANDA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH“. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 6, Nr. 5 (29.10.2023): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v6i5.9476.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis satwa burung yang ditemukan pada kawasan perkebunan Pulau Ay. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Transek Jalur. Jenis satwa burung yang di temukan pada Kawasan Perkebunan Pulau Ay berjumlah 17 jenis yaitu : Pergam Tarut, Cekakak Rimba, Cupit (Ay), Walet Sapi, Kipasan Dada Hitam, Pergam Laut, Sikatan Burik, Kacamata Laut, Cikrak Pulau, Kuntul Perak, Pecuk Padi Belang, Cikalang Besar, Myzomela Merah Tua, Kepudang Sungu Besar, Trinil Pantai, Kuntul Karang dan Kuntul Kecil. Keanekaragaman jenis satwa burung di kawasan Perkebunan Pulau Ay tergolong sedang. Hal ini ditandai dengan H’ = 1,83.

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Joordens, Josephine C. A., Francesco d’Errico, Frank P. Wesselingh, Stephen Munro, John de Vos, Jakob Wallinga, Christina Ankjærgaard et al. „Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving“. Nature 518, Nr. 7538 (03.12.2014): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13962.

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Joordens, J. C. A., F. P. Wesselingh, J. de Vos, H. B. Vonhof und D. Kroon. „Relevance of aquatic environments for hominins: a case study from Trinil (Java, Indonesia)“. Journal of Human Evolution 57, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2009): 656–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.003.

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Berghuis, H. W. K., A. Veldkamp, Shinatria Adhityatama, Sander L. Hilgen, Indra Sutisna, Didit Hadi Barianto, Eduard A. L. Pop et al. „Hominin homelands of East Java: Revised stratigraphy and landscape reconstructions for Plio-Pleistocene Trinil“. Quaternary Science Reviews 260 (Mai 2021): 106912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106912.

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Widianto, Harry. „POSISI STRATIGRAFI DAN TEKNOLOGI ALAT SERPIH SANGIRAN“. Berkala Arkeologi 7, Nr. 1 (28.03.1986): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v7i1.447.

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Persoalan alat paleolitik dan manusia purba, masih merupakan persoalan menarik dalam hakekat sejarah perkembangan manusia. Keduanya tidak dapat dipisahkan kaitannya selama Kala Plestosen, yaitu suatu periode kehidupan antara dua juta hingga 10.000 tahun silam. Oleh sifatnya yang tahan terhadap kekuatan destruktif alam, alat-alat batu yang sederhana tersebut telah dianggap bukti tentang eksistensi manusia saat itu. Bukti-bukti kehidupan tersebut ditemukan kembali dalam endapan Plestosen yang terbentuk, antara lain endapan-endapan teras sungai purba. Asal-usul manusia menjadi begitu kontroversiil selama berabad-abad, dan meliputi masa yang sangat gelap. Penemuan sisa-sisa Pithecanthropus erectus oleh Eugene Dubois di Desa Trinil pada tahun 1890 dan 1891, merupakan penemuan yang sempat menggemparkan dunia pengetahuan, dan hingga pertengahan abad 20 telah menjadi suatu legenda.

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L. Hilgen, Sander, Eduard Pop, Shinatria Adhityatama, Tom A. Veldkamp, Harold W.K. Berghuis, Indra Sutisna, Dida Yurnaldi et al. „Revised age and stratigraphy of the classic Homo erectus-bearing succession at Trinil (Java, Indonesia)“. Quaternary Science Reviews 301 (Februar 2023): 107908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107908.

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Hidayat, Tomi, Irwandi Irwandi und Defira Bella Harindra. „PERSEPSI MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI TENTANG PEMBELAJARAN MATERI EVOLUSI (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FKIP UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU)“. Jurnal Ilmiah Edukasia 1, Nr. 1 (20.01.2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jie.v1i1.7959.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis calon guru biologi tentang pembelajaran evolusioner di SMA. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan November 2019. Populasi adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu pada semester lima tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang mengambil mata kuliah evolusi pada dua kelas paralel. dengan total 47 mahasiswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Data merupakan hasil analisis makalah terakhir mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 100% mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa materi evolusi itu perlu dan penting untuk diajarkan kepada siswa SMA; dengan berbagai alasan. Untuk metode pengajaran evolusi, 75% mahasiswa menyarankan bahwa evolusi harus diajarkan dengan beberapa metode yang menarik. Lebih lanjut, mahasiswa (± 20%) juga berpendapat bahwa evolusi dapat diajarkan dengan menggunakan situs prasejarah, seperti Sangiran dan Trinil untuk memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada mereka.

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Ginting, Setiani Br, C. K. Pattinasarany und Lesly Latupapua. „KAJIAN HABITAT DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS BURUNG PADA LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA POKA AMBON“. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 6, Nr. 5 (29.10.2023): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v6i5.9041.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Mengetahui habitat dari jenis burung pada Lingkungan Kampus Universitas Pattimura (2) Mengetahui kelimpahan jenis burung yang ada pada Lingkungan Kampus Universitas Pattimura. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode IPA. Burung mandar padi kalung kuning, kareo padi, kuntul besar, cecakak sungai dan bambangan merah dijumpai di habitat yang melimpah air atau berawa. Burung bondol rawa, bondol taruk, burung gereja erassia, kipasan kebun, trinil semak, kicuit kerbau tekukur biasa, perkutuk jawa, cucak kutilang, kangkok rangting, perling ungu, perling Maluku, gagak hutan, isap madu, sikatan burik dan sikatan kelabu, wallet sapi, layang-layang dijumpai di habitat yang kering, diatas pohon dan rerumputan hijau. Burung gereja erassia, wallet sapi, cucak kutilang, bondol rawa, kipasan kebun, tekukur jawa dan perkutuk jawa adalah jenis burung yang melimpah. Burung kuntul besar, bambangan merah, kangkok ranting dan elang bondol dengan kelimpahan rendah.

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Ruff, Christopher B., Adam D. Sylvester, Neni T. Rahmawati, Rusyad A. Suriyanto, Paul Storm, Maxime Aubert, Renaud Joannes-Boyau et al. „Two Late Pleistocene human femora from Trinil, Indonesia: Implications for body size and behavior in Southeast Asia“. Journal of Human Evolution 172 (November 2022): 103252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103252.

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Martinez-Navarro, Bienvenido. „Similarities between skull fragment VM-0 from Orce (Spain) and the Homo erectus holotype from trinil (Java)“. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 11, Nr. 1 (25.02.2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.23905.

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Ingicco, Thomas, John de Vos und O. Frank Huffman. „The Oldest Gibbon Fossil (Hylobatidae) from Insular Southeast Asia: Evidence from Trinil, (East Java, Indonesia), Lower/Middle Pleistocene“. PLoS ONE 9, Nr. 6 (10.06.2014): e99531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099531.

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Jimmy Trio Putra, Nisaun Fadhilah und Muhammad Arrofiq. „Peramalan Beban pada Gardu Induk Mantingan dalam Penentuan Kapasitas Transformator dengan Metode Regresi Linear“. Electrician 15, Nr. 2 (07.05.2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v15n2.2165.

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Intisari — Pertumbuhan beban kelistrikan di wilayah Ngawi dan Magetan meningkat seiring rencana pemerintah dalam membangun beberapa infrastruktur dan kawasan industri. Penyedia kelistrikan harus mampu memprediksi kemampuan sistem dalam melayani konsumen. Perencanan pembangunan Gardu Induk (GI) memiliki tujuan dalam memastikan persebaran semua beban listrik yang dilayani dapat diakomodasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data historis dalam memprediksi besarnya permintaan kelistrikan di area GI Mantingan tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2026. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode regresi linear dengan perencanaan satu tahap, yaitu periode 8 tahun (jangka panjang). Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa sistem yang beroperasi saat ini membutuhkan persebaran beban listrik dengan memindahkan tiga penyulang di GI Magetan dan GI Ngawi ke GI Mantingan. Tiga penyulang tersebut yaitu penyulang Walikukun dan Trinil yang mendapatkan sumber dari GI Ngawi dan penyulang Sine yang mendapat sumber dari GI Magetan. Area calon pembangunan GI Mantingan yaitu didaerah Widodaren, Mantingan, Karanganyar, Ngrambe dan Sine. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa GI baru dibangun dengan kapasitas 60 MVA dan besar nilai pembebanan trafo Gardu Induk Mantingan selama 8 tahun memiliki rata-rata sebesar 41,41% serta biaya pokok penyediaan listik (BPP) rata-rata sebesar Rp. 2.101. Kata kunci — kapasitas trafo, konsumsi energi listrik, regresi linear. Abstract — The growth of electricity load in Ngawi and Magetan areas has increased due to the government's plan to build several infrastructure and industrial areas. The electricity provider must be able to predict the system's ability to serve consumers. The planning for the construction of substations (GI) is carried out to ensure that all electricity loads served can be properly accommodated. This research uses historical data in predicting the amount of electricity demand in the Mantingan substation area from 2019 to 2026. The method used is a linear regression with one-stage planning, which is for 8 years (long term). The results recommend that the current operating system requires an electric load by moving three feeders in Magetan substation and Ngawi substation to Mantingan substation. The three feeders, namely the Walikukun and Trinil feeders, were sourced from the Ngawi substation and the Sine feeders which were sourced from the Magetan substation. The prospective areas for the construction of the Mantingan Substation are Widodaren, Mantingan, Karanganyar, Ngrambe, and Sine areas. Research shows that a newly built substation with a capacity of 60 MVA and the load value of the Mantingan substation transformer for 8 years has an average of 41.41% and an average of biaya pokok penyedia listrik (BPP) of Rp. 2,101. Keywords— transformer capacity, electrical energy consumption, linear regression.

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Fathikhin, Nurul, und Pradnyo Wijayanti. „Exploration of Ngawi Batik Ethnomatematics to Unlock Philosophy Values and Mathematics Concepts“. Journal Intellectual Sufism Research (JISR) 3, Nr. 1 (24.11.2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52032/jisr.v3i1.81.

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Ethnomathematics is mathematics that is developed and applied by certain cultural groups by local culture by considering other knowledge, one of the cultures that developed in Ngawi is Batik. The purpose of this study was to obtain a description of the ethnomathematics of Ngawi batik in UMKM Widi Nugraha and a description of the use of ethnomathematics in Ngawi's typical batik in mathematics learning. To achieve these objectives, researchers used qualitative research methods with ethnographic methods. The results show that Ngawi batik has several philosophical values, namely the history of the name Ngawi which is reflected in Ancient Human batik with a combination of bamboo motifs, preservation in the discovery of ancient fossils stored in the Trinil museum reflected in the batik motifs of Early Man and Batik Kawung Gading, as well as there are flora and fauna found in Ngawi such as, Srigati Series batik and, Teh Jamus batik. In terms of the use of ethnomathematics, namely as a source of information on the batik tradition of the Ngawi community and can be used as a reference in designing realistic mathematics learning in schools. This learning material is in the form of material on symmetry, transformation, and congruence

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Tomczyk, Jacek. „W poszukiwaniu „brakującego ogniwa”“. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2003): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.16.

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Eighty years ago Raymond A. Dart wrote the papers about Australopithecus africanus and decided to classify it as a “missing link". The creature from Taung represented an ultra-simian and pre-human stock. Therefore, he proposed a new family Homo - simiadae. Nowadays, scientists on the occasion of this anniversary publish, many papers about this event. They want to remind discussion about Taung's child and in homage to Raymond A. Dart. Surprisingly, the discussion which took place in the thirties and forties was an exact repetition of the earlier debate about Trinil's fossil! In 1890/91 Dubois had found already ancient fossils in Java which classified as Pithecanthropidae - this new family was an evolutionary "bridge" between apes and man. However, despite the fact that anthropologists wanted to find a “missing link” they rejected those interpretations! Some of them thought that fossil form Taung and Trinil belonged to a true ape. Whereas the others believed that remains should have been classified as a hominid family. Those two debates indicate one scheme of thinking: 1. theoretical view of “missing link”; 2. empirical researching; 3. taxonomic debate about fossil; and 4. rejecting the idea of “missing link”.

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Aziz, Fachroel. „Indonesia’s contribution in tracing the human ancestor“. Berita Sedimentologi 47, Nr. 3 (28.12.2021): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.3.349.

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Since Darwin’s postulated the origin of the human species from an ape-like ancestor, the search for the missing link between ape and human had begun. In 1887, Eugene Dubois traveled from the Netherlands to Indonesia to search for the missing link. He eventually discovered human fossils in Wajak, Kedungbrubus, and Trinil to which he named Pithecanthropus erectus. The research was then continued by Ter Haar (1931) in Ngandong, Dujfyes, and his assistant, Andoyo (1936) in Perning, Mojokerto, and Von Koenigswald (1936-1940) in Sangiran, who successfully discovered many Homo erectus fossils. Since the 1960s, Sartono (ITB), T. Jacob (UGM), and Geological Research and Development Centre (Indonesia) continue the study, adding the collection of the specimens. Collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Nature, Tokyo concluded that Indonesian Homo erectus went through local evolution instead of static evolution condition. Indonesia is rich in natural resources and environmental conditions that were suitable for the evolution of early humans as shown by the discovery of several Homo erectus skeleton fossils that were not found in most other countries. This is a blessing left by early humans to us.

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Saputra, Alanindra. „Pre-service Biology teacher’s Perception about Evolution Learning at Senior High School: A Case Study of Biology Education Students’ at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta“. Bioeducation Journal 1, Nr. 1 (20.03.2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/bioedu.v1i1.16.

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Evolution is one of biology material that learn in senior high school. Many differences on understanding evolution theory give effect this material cannot be taught optimally. The main factor that cause it is religiousity and the low of teachers’ background knowledge. This research conducted to analyze biology preservice teacher about evolutionary learning at senior high school. This descriptive research did at Biology Education Study Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta on August 2016 until January 2017. Population were students of Biology Education Study Program Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta on semester five in academic year 2015/2016 that took evolutionary course in two parallel class with total 47 students. Sampling used total sampling. Data was the result of students’ last paper analysis. The result showed that 100% students said that evolution material is needed and important to teach for senior high school students; with various reason. For the method of teaching evolution, 75% students suggest that evolution should be teach by some interesting methods. Furthermore, students (±20%) also gave opinion that evolution can be taught by using prehistoric site, such as Sangiran and Trinil to give direct experience to them.

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Gollette, Lisa, Florent Detroit, Neni Trilusiana Rahmawati, Janatin Hastuti, Rusyad Adi Suriyanto und Dominque Grimaud-Hervé. „The variability of frontal and occipital features of Homo erectus: a comparative analysis of unpublished fragmentary fossils from Sangiran, Indonesia“. Journal of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 2, Nr. 2 (01.09.2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.62526/3u2dum.

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Since the first publication of Dubois in 1894, the diagnosis of Homo erectus is based on a list of morphological features established and updated after successive major discoveries made in the 20th century. While the existence and limits of the Homo erectus s.l is still debated, the homogeneity of the Indonesian Homo erectus, which covers a chronological period of ca. 1.5 million years, is also regularly questioned. Most of the studies addressing this question remain focused on the few most preserved specimens, even if a significant number of fragmentary specimens are available which could help to better appreciate the morphological variability of this species. In this present analysis, several unpublished fragmentary frontal (n=6) and occipital (n=9) bones recovered from the Pucangan and Kabuh layers in the Sangiran dome (Central Java) are described, analyzed and compared to the 3D models of contemporaneous (Trinil, Sangiran) and younger (Solo series) Indonesian H. erectus, specimens from Zhoukoudian Lower Cave in China, Dmanisi (Georgia), as well as East African hominins (East and West Turkana, Olduvai). The results help to precise the anatomical characteristics of these isolated human remains and increase our knowledge of Javanese Homo erectus morphological variability.

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Ruff, Christopher B., Laurent Puymerail, Roberto Macchiarelli, Justin Sipla und Russell L. Ciochon. „Corrigendum to “Structure and composition of the Trinil femora: Functional and taxonomic implications” [Journal of Human Evolution 80 (2015) 147–158]“. Journal of Human Evolution 163 (Februar 2022): 103109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103109.

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Pop, Eduard, Sander Hilgen, Shinatria Adhityatama, Harold Berghuis, Tom Veldkamp, Hubert Vonhof, Indra Sutisna et al. „Reconstructing the provenance of the hominin fossils from Trinil (Java, Indonesia) through an integrated analysis of the historical and recent excavations“. Journal of Human Evolution 176 (März 2023): 103312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103312.

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Widianto, Harry, und Sofwan Noerwidi. „Why don’t we look to the west?“ Berita Sedimentologi 47, Nr. 3 (28.12.2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.3.355.

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Paleontological data indicate that the beginning of Java Island’s human habitation took place at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, around 2.4 Ma, along with uplift process and glacial-interglacial cycles. However, the oldest Homo erectus fossil was mainly found in the eastern part of Java Island where age-dating indicates that they were from ca. 1.5 Ma, especially along the riverbanks of Bengawan Solo and Brantas, such as Perning, Sangiran, Kedungbrubus, Ngandong, Ngawi, Trinil, and Sambungmacan.Recently, Pleistocene sites were discovered from the western part of Java, e.g., Rancah (Ciamis), Semedo (Tegal), and Bumiayu (Brebes) with their archeological, paleontological, and paleoanthropological potentials. This work will present the significance of the potential, especially paleoanthropological data from the new sites, and their implications to the Quaternary prehistory research strategies determination in the future.We present new geological, archeological, paleontological, and paleoanthropological evidence from those mentioned sites. The result shows that the distribution of Homo erectus were extended to the western part of Java, between 1.8-1.7 Ma, older than the oldest previous finding of Homo erectus from Perning and Sangiran. This finding suggests a new window of the human arrival on this island. So, why don’t we look to the west? Intensive research in the future should be addressed to the western part of Java Island.

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Mubarok, Husni. „Partisipasi Pemuda Dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata Alam di Desa Sendangharjo Lamongan“. JURNAL KAJIAN PARIWISATA DAN BISNIS PERHOTELAN 4, Nr. 1 (25.04.2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkpbp.v4i1.61672.

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Sendangharjo Village is one of the Area under the auspices of Perum Perhutani KPH Tuban which is also threatened with illegal logging. Development of community-based tourism or Community Based Tourism (CBT) is one of the efforts to preserve the nature and culture of rural communities. Through this activity, economic growth from various community-based economic sectors can also be developed, such as service providers, handicraft sellers, traders and others. The purpose of this study is to find out, describe, and analyze youth applications in the development of the Akar Langit Trinil Natural Tourism Village in Sendangharjo. The method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that with the cooperation of various parties, namely Perhutani KPH Tuban and the local Karang Taruna Youth as well as community participation, the development of the Akar Langit Nature Tourism Village has accelerated. All the people are directly involved in all the activities that are there. Follow-up that needs to be done is to market tourist attractions both through print and electronic media and provide guidance on the development of natural tourism for managers, namely village youth who are there.

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Seipalla, Billy. „INVENTARISASI JENIS BURUNG PANTAI DI KAWASAN PULAU MARSEGU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT PROVINSI MALUKU“. Jurnal Hutan Tropis 8, Nr. 1 (26.08.2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v8i1.8153.

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This research was conducted on the island of Marsegu because this area is included in the area of the natural marine tourism park which should be the concern of the government and the community around the island. The study aimed to determine the species of shorebirds found in the Marsegu island region in the western part Seram. The study was conducted in the morning and evening for 2 days at the location which is a gathering place for shorebirds. In the study location, 8 species of shorebirds were found and then inventoried and identified. The number of shorebirds species found in the Marsegu island area was 8 species, among others; Coral egrets (Egratta sacra), Big Egrets (Egretta alba), Trinil Beach (Actitis hypoleucos), Little sea worms (Sterna albifrons), Black wing sea worms (Sterna fuscata), Big (Fregata minor), Sea-eagle belly white (Haliaetus leucogaster), Bondol Hawk (Indus Haliastur), with the dominant species being the Big Cingkalang (Fregata minor). The most common species are large Cikalang (minor Fregata), small sea virgin (Sterna albifrons), and large egret (Egretta alba). Factors that cause the survival of shorebirds on the Marsegu island region because they store a lot of food supplies. In addition, food availability is affected by a lack of human activity in this region and the establishment of this area as a Marine Nature Tourism Park.

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Saman, Risna, Mechiavel Moniharapon und La Eddy. „DIURNAL BIRD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AROUND THE WAILOI RIVER, OF HILA KAITETU (LEIHITU DISTRICT) MALUKU“. RUMPHIUS Pattimura Biological Journal 1, Nr. 1 (25.03.2019): 018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv1i1p018-024.

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Birds are very dynamic and are found almost everywhere. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure of diurnal birds around the Wailoi Negeri Hila Kaitetu River, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. The type of this research was quantitative descriptive in nature. The method used is the station line method combined with the count point. The results showed that in the Wailoi River, Negeri Hila Kaitetu, with 2 stations and 11 counting points, several species of diurnal birds were found, namely the type of Trinil beach (Actitis hypoleucos), Tiger Kestrel (Falco severus), Gray Flycatcher (Myagra galeata), Red- cheeked Lorike. (Geoffroyus geoffroyi), Terkukur common (Streptopelia chinensis), Wiwik Jungle (Cacomantis variolosus), Hornbill Irian (Rhyticeros plicatus), Nuri Maluku (Eos borneo), King Prawn Erasia (Alcedo atthis), Pacific Baza (Aviceda subcristata), Small perling (Aplonis minor), Lazuli Checkfish (Halcyon lazuli), Dotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa griseisticta), Sriganti sunbird (Nectarinia jugularis), Asian Tuwur (Eudynamys cyanochepala), Black honey (Necterinia aspesia), Pergam tarut (Ducula concinna). The diversity index for the 2 stations was 1.74 and classified as moderate species diversity criteria. For the average dominance value of station I and station II, which is 0.24, it is included in the low dominance criteria. The evenness value of the two stations is 0.80 and is included in the criteria for a high level of evenness.

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Pattinasarany, Christosius F., C. K. Pattinasarany und A. Tuhumury. „KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN HABITAT OLEH SATWA BURUNG PADA KAWASAN MANGROVE TELUK TUHAHA KECAMATAN SAPARUA TIMUR“. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 6, Nr. 4 (30.08.2023): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v6i4.9327.

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Hutan mangrove adalah hutan yang tumbuh di rawa berair payau dan dipengaruhi pasang-surut air laut juga merupakan hutan pada wilayah intertidal dimana terjadi interaksi antara air laut, air payau, sungai, dan terestrial. Interaksi ini menjadikan ekosistem mangrove mempunyai keanekaragaman yang tinggi baik berupa flora maupun fauna, serta merupakan tempat tumbuh, berkembang biak, tempat tinggal serta tempat mencari makan.Pulau Saparua berada di provinsi Maluku yang memiliki kawasan hutan mangrove dengan luas 572,04 ha (5,72 Km²) atau 3,49 % dari total luas pulau Saparua. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada kawasan hutan mangrove Teluk Tuhaha dengan luas areal penelitian sebesar 13,16 ha, bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan jenis satwa burung dan penggunaan vegetasi mangrove bagi keberlangsungan hidup satwa burung. Metode penelitian menggunakan Line Transect, data dianalisa dengan Rumus Analisa Vegetasi (habitat) dan Rumus Shannon-Winner untuk keragaman jenis satwa.Hasil penelitian ditemukan 9 jenis mangrove dari 5 famili yaitu Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, Ceriops tagal, Heritiera littoralis, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea dan Xylocarpus granatum. Sementara satwa burung yang ditemukan terdapat 13 jenis yaitu Perling Ungu (Aplonis metalica), Lawa-lawa (Collocalia sp), Kuntul Besar (Egreta alba), Belibis Totol (Dendrocygna guttata), Kipasan Kebun (Rhipidura leucophrys), Elang Bondol (Haliastur indus), Raja Udang Kecil (Alcedo pusilla), Isap Madu Zaitun (Lichmera argentauris), Sikatan Kelabu (Myiagra galeata), Trinil Pantai (Actitis hypoleucos), Layang-layang Batu (Hirundo tahitica), Cangak Laut (Ardea sumatrana), Srigunting Lencana (Dicrurus bracteatus)

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VOS, John de, und Fachroel AZIZ. „The Excavations by DUBOIS (1891-1900), SELENKA (1906-1908), and the Geological Survey by the Indonesian-Japanese Team (1976-1977) at Trinil (Java, Indonesia)“. Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon 97, Nr. 3 (1989): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.97.407.

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Istiqomah, Nurul, Izza Mafruhah, Nunung Sri Mulyani, Dewi Ismoyowati und Kresno Sarosa Pribadi. „Pengembangan Batik Bermotif Local Wisdom Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Ngawi“. JPPM (Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) 4, Nr. 1 (16.03.2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jppm.v0i0.3973.

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Batik merupakan salah satu warisan budaya bangsa Indonesia yang telah ditetapkan oleh UNESCO. Maka tiap daerah dipacu untuk mengembangkan batik sesuai dengan kearifan lokal dan keunikan budayanya. Ngawi belum mempunyai batik dengan ciri khas, sehingga agak sulit untuk membedakan batik produksi Ngawi atau daerah di sekitarnya seperti batik dari Sragen atau Magetan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan batik dengan ciri khas Ngawi berdasarkan kekayaanlokal serta warisan budaya sehingga akan menarik dan mendorong peningkatan permintaan pasar serta pendapatan masyarakat khususnya UMKM yang bergerak di bidang Batik. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Ngawi dan bertujuan :1) Menggali motif khas batik Ngawi dengan memperhatikan kekayaan alam dan budaya 2). Mengenalkan model baru produkdi batik yang mengkolaborasikan antara batik tulis dan print dengan metode malam dingin3) meningkatkan pemasaran dengan pembuatan web dan instragram batik Ngawi. Metode yang digunakan pada pengabdian ini adalah : 1). Focus Group Discussion dengan beberapa stakeholder mengenai kekayaan budaya, sejarah dan alam di Ngawi yang melibatkan pelaku UMKM batik sehingga bisa memberikan konsep mengenai motif batik yang lebih bisa diterima oleh masyarakat luas, dan 2). Pelatihan, mendemonstrasikan membatik dengan teknik malam dingin kepada mitra UKM batik supaya pengetahuannya semakin bertambah dan mempersingkat proses membatik. Hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah diperolehnya desain motif batik khas Ngawi dengan berdasarkan ada kekayaan alam dan budaya yang ada di Ngawi yaitu motif Benteng Van Den Bosch/ Benteng Pendem yang dikolaborasikan dengan motif pohon bambu, daun jati serta motif Trinil yang merupakan salah satu aset terbesar di Ngawi, serta motif Waduk Pondok yang merupakan slah satu kekayaan ekologi yang dimiliki Ngawi. UKM mitra pengabdian juga mendapatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan terbaru dalam proses membatik dengan menggunakan metode malam dingin, yang proses pembatikkannya menjadi lebih cepat karena membutuhkan waktu ± 2 motif untuk proses pembuatan motif sehingga menghemat ongkos produksi. Screen batik yang digunakan dalam proses membatik dengan malam dingin bisa digunakan sampai dengan 1.000 lembar batik. Meningkatnya pemasaran batik ngawi dengan media online.

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Ojamaa, Triinu. „The shaman as the zoomorphic human“. Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 04 (1997): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf1997.04.triinu.

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Farías Zúñiga, Martín. „¡Esta señorita Trini!“ Revista musical chilena 72, Nr. 229 (Juni 2018): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0716-27902018000100167.

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Miller, Daniel. „Spot the Trini*“. Ethnos 58, Nr. 3-4 (Januar 1993): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1993.9981480.

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O'Connor, Seán. „An tAon Triail Amháin“. Comhar 66, Nr. 9 (2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25575522.

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Awan Santosa, Rina Dwiarti, Audita Nuvriasari, Eno Casmi und Mohd Fadhil Harfiez Abdul Muttalib. „Digitalization In The Financial Statements: Study In Trini Karya Social Business“. International Journal Of Community Service 2, Nr. 1 (16.02.2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijcs.v2i1.71.

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Trini Karya is one of the driving forces for the family economy in the Trini hamlet whose existence must be supported by intellectuals so that its business continues to develop and grow. Mercu Buana University Yogyakarta is one of the campuses that has contributed tothe development of Trini Karya through service programs. This service aims to be able to help describe the problems that occur in the Trini Karya Business Unit, where one of the problems that arise is problems in the field of financial reporting. In the Trini Karya business unit, the problems are unstructured financial reporting, knowledge of financial reports and the ability of Trini Karya members to perform digital financial reports. Based on these problems, several things that can be a solution are to disseminate information about making financial reports simpler so that Trini Karya members can easily understand how to make financial reports. In addition, Trini Karya members or management are also given socialization regarding the use of digital financial reports, the goal is to use digital financial reports, which are expected to be able to make financial reports easier and more structured. After that, members and administrators are given training on the practice of making financial reports and making financial reports digitally using software that can be accessed by members or administrators of Trini Karya. After that, assistance was provided to the Trini Karya management in relation to digital financial reporting. The expected output target of this program is, it is hoped that Trini Karya will be able to make digital financial reports more accurately, structured and well-scheduled.

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Yellaiah, Gatti. „Tribal Land Alienation—Tribal Women“. World Journal of Social Science Research 2, Nr. 2 (01.09.2021): p362. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v2n2p362.

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Land is the bread winning element to most of the tribal all over the three regions of costal Andhra, Telangan, and even in Rayalaseem of AP more specifically, if it comes to the case of women it is applicable to all over the world women in restriction, because almost all the tribal depends on land since they have less literacy rate compare to the other population of the state, so they are ultimately depends on land and forest which is readily available to them. There are complex issues of lad acts, and their own family systems have a great impact on their social life and especially on the life of tribal female.

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O’Neill, Marissa, und Debbie L. Gonzalez. „Tribal and Non-tribal Agencies“. Journal of Comparative Social Work 9, Nr. 2 (01.10.2014): 148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v9i2.115.

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As definitions of “family” have evolved in the US over the past several decades, so too has child welfare agencies’ need to provide appropriate and meaningful services. This article discusses the findings and conclusions drawn from a case study involving two different types of social work agencies: Native American child welfare and not- for-profit family services. Within this discussion, the authors use their findings from case study vignette focus groups to explore how the definitions of family impact the provision of services.At each agency, participants addressed issues surrounding domestic violence, teen pregnancy, child welfare involvement and the inclusion of extended families as part of client’s support network. By focusing on the changing social concept of “family,” the study’s respondents discussed the need for direct practice using broader, more inclusive approaches to family and child welfare. Through the comparison of two agencies which serve different demographics, the article makes clear that further study is needed, and a wider scope must be considered, in order to adequately serve America’s expanding population in need of family services, direct practice and extended support.

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Parker, Cathy. „Extended editorial: place – the trinal frontier“. Journal of Place Management and Development 1, Nr. 1 (14.03.2008): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538330810865309.

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43

Biris, Carmen, Edwin Sever Bechir, Anamaria Bechir, Farah Curt Mola, Aureliana Caraiane, Adrian Viorel Badiu und Cherana Gioga. „Trinia Reinforced Polymer as Core for Implants Superstructure“. Materiale Plastice 54, Nr. 4 (30.12.2017): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.4.4941.

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The intraosseous implants are the most used dental implants. The development of new classes of dental biomaterials determined the apparition of Trinia, a Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) reinforced polymer, used for core in non-metallic prosthetic restorations, including implants superstructure. The aim of the study was to present the obtained results in the use of Trinia polymer as non-metallic core on the abutments of Bicon implants. 35 patients were selected, 19 females and 16 males, aged between 31 and 60 years. After 18 months of results monitoring, we ascertained that Trinia reinforced polymer had a very good behavior in the oral cavity, and the patients did not complain about inconveniences due to the oral rehabilitation with this biopolymer.

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Yunnikova, Lidiya P., Yuliya E. Likhareva und Svetlana Yu Balandina. „N-TROPYLATION OF ARYLAMINES“. IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, Nr. 2 (08.02.2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196202.5751.

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An efficient method for introduction of biogenic tropylium cycle into aromatic amines molecules is offered. Introduction is carried out in the presence of imidazole as a strong base. Interaction between tropylium salts (tetrafluoroborate or perchlorate) and aromatic amines with either nitro- or acetyl groups (meta-nitroaniline, para-nitroaniline, 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline and para-acetylaniline) as electron-acceptor substituents in the benzol ring results in stable products resulting from substitution of the hydrogen atom in the amino group of aromatic amines, namely: 4-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline, 2-methyl-4-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline, 3-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline, 4-acetyl-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline. The yields of the compounds obtained attain 60-87%. In this process, imidazole forms with the tropylium cation a complex which (1) serves as a carrier of tropylium ion to the nitrogen atom of aromatic amine, thus lightening the electrophilic substitution process at the hydrogen atom of the amino group; (2) prevents the dehydration process of resulting N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil) anilines. The latter phenomenon is an advantage in comparison with the method in which the dehydration process results in unstable N-aryl-8-azaheptafulvenes instead of stable N-tropylated anilines. The structure of the compounds obtained is confirmed by the method of mass spectrometry, NMR on protium nuclei and XRD analysis for 4-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline. Antimicrobial activity is studied on conditionally pathogenic St. aureus 906, C. albicans ATCC 24433 and E. coli 1257 strains. The investigation results show all the synthesized compounds to exhibit antimicrobial activity. The compounds N-(3-nitrophenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine and N-(4-acylphenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine at concentration 125 microgram/ml are ascertained to exhibit inhibitory action on growth and development of the test strains, with this effect being less expressed for compounds N-(4-nitrophenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine and N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine.

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PETERSON, MARK ALLEN. „Media and Tribal Development:Media and Tribal Development“. American Anthropologist 108, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.3.519.

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Verma, Vidhu, und Jaganath Pathy. „Tribal Peasantry“. Social Scientist 13, Nr. 5 (Mai 1985): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517236.

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Stright, Melanie J., Wayne Wyrick, B. Bower und William B. Groppe. „Tribal Terror“. Science News 133, Nr. 15 (09.04.1988): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3972570.

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Shryock, Andrew. „Tribal Priorities“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, Nr. 3 (August 2021): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000830.

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In the oral traditions of Jordan's Balga tribes, one event occurs many times: local shaykhs are invited to a feast by the Turks, and at this feast the shaykhs are attacked, arrested, or killed. Sometimes it is the Ottomans who are betrayed by their bedouin hosts. Either way, they should have seen it coming—that is usually the narrator's conclusion—but the lure of hospitality was strong. Something about these encounters was worth the risk of ending up in manacles, or dead.

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Mukerjee, Madhusree. „Tribal Struggle“. Scientific American 272, Nr. 5 (Mai 1995): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0595-16b.

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Booch, Grady. „Tribal Memory“. IEEE Software 25, Nr. 2 (März 2008): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2008.52.

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