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Rajeswari, P., and Rupam Kapoor. "Combined Application of Different Species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum for the Control of Fusarium wiltDisease in Arachis hypogea. L." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2557.
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ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum causes Fusarium wilt of crop plants leads to considerable yield loss. The study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of combining Trichoderma species and Pseudomonas fluorescens i.e Trichodema viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), Trichoderma harzianum+Pseudomonas fluorescens (Th+Pf) (1.5+2%), Trichoderma viride +Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%) on the activity of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum to control Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L wilt in vitro. The activity of 1,4 -β – Endoglucanase, 1,4 -β – Exoglucanase, Cellobiases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymes was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, disease suppression of Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was considerably better as compared to other two strains. At the same time the other two combinations resulted in enhanced disease suppression as compared to single strains. This indicates that the potential benefits of using combination treatments to suppress Fusarium wilt. The study suggests the significance of interactive effects of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas in biocontrol of wilt disease.
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López Martínez, Tatiana de los Ángeles, Leandro Alberto Páramo Aguilera, and Heysell Dodanig Delgado Silva. "Reproducción masiva de hongos trichodermas previamente identificados de suelos Nicaragüenses en diferentes sustratos orgánicos." Nexo Revista Científica 35, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 700–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v35i03.15000.
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Los hongos Trichodermas son de vital importancia para mantener los cultivos de plantas libres de hongos fitopatógenos, por ende, la presente investigación permitió determinar el mejor sustrato orgánico para la reproducción masiva de Trichodermas, previamente identificadas de suelos nicaragüenses. Utilizando sustratos como: Arroz (testigo), Maíz, Olote de maíz, Copra de coco y Melaza , con 5 cepas de hongos que fueron identificados como Trichoderma harzianum (72TG-11), Trichoderma harzianum (T3), Trichoderma harzianum (CVD-06), Trichoderma sp. (CIXD-11) y Trichoderma longibrachiatum (QIVD-12). Mediante fermentación sólida y bifásica, se realizó la producción de esporas por 26 y 15 días, respectivamente, obteniéndose que con olote de maíz se produjo concentraciones de esporas muy cercanos a los obtenidos con el arroz; la adición de melaza a los sustratos, produjo un ligero aumento en la concentración de esporas en comparación a los obtenidos sin melaza, excepto en las cepas T3 y CVD-06, lo cual aparentemente no muestra diferencias apreciables en el número de esporas obtenidos. Por otro lado, el olote de maíz es el mejor sustrato para la reproducción masiva de hongos Trichodermas, ya que se obtienen resultados satisfactorios en ambas fermentaciones y no compite con el alimento del ser humano.
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Putri, Reza, Joko Prasetyo, Tri Maryono, and Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati. "PENGARUH EMPAT ISOLAT Trichoderma spp. TERHADAP PENYAKIT BULAI DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)." Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i2.5873.
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Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu daerah sentra penghasil jagung di Indonesia. Produktivitas jagung masih belum optimal. Rendahnya produktivitas lahan jagung dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adanya penyakit bulai. Penyakit bulai dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 90%. Alternatif pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan memanfaatkan Trichodema spp. sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit bulai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh empat isolat Trichoderma spp. terhadap keterjadian dan keparahan penyakit bulai dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari (T0) tanpa isolat Trichoderma sp., (T1) Trichoderma sp. isolat Hajimena, (T2) Trichoderma sp. isolat Lampung Tengah, (T3) Trichoderma spp. Isolat Lampung Timur, dan (T4) Trichoderma sp. isolat Metro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur Trichoderma spp Trichoderma spp. isolat Hajimena dan Metro dapat menekan keterjadian penyakit dan Trichoderma spp. isolat Hajimena dan Lampung Tengah dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada bobot basah akar.
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Jasim Mahi, Aymen, and Yasir Naser Alhamiri. "First record of Fusarium brachygibbosum as a causal agent of seed decay and damping-off disease on cotton in Iraq and Control using some bioagents." Bionatura 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.63.
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The results of the isolation and identification of pathogens accompanying the symptomatic seeds and seedlings of cotton showed that the most common fungus was Fusarium brachygibbosum. Molecular identification of the studied fungus was performed using the universal primers: the results of the genetic analysis revealed the identities of the fungus as follows: a 100% identity for F. brachygibbosum that was deposited at the GenBank under accession number ON738702.1. This fungus has shown high pathogenicity against cotton seeds and seedlings by severely reducing their Germination and growth and treating cotton seeds with the biological factors of Trichoderma spp. It revealed a high efficiency in reducing disease incidence and increasing cotton germination percentage. Trichoderma viride showed the highest ability to increase seed germination to 94.44%. In comparison, the lowest ability reached 77.77 % in Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma reesei—the results of extracting toxins from the filters of Trichoderma spp. The study's use of trichodermin and Gliotoxin showed the presence of trichodermin and Gliotoxin in large quantities. The percentage of toxin inhibition was significant against the growth of pathogenic fungi. The highest percentage of inhibition was 86.1% for the isolate Trichoderma koningiopsis, and the lowest percentage was 66.65% for the isolate Trichoderma reesei. As for the effect of isolates of resistant fungus on the Pathogen in the field, the highest germination rate was 100%, and the inhibition rate was 0.00% when using the biological preparation prepared from the isolates (T. viride, T. pseudokoningii, T. koningiopsis and T. reesei). Keywords: Fusarium brachygibbosum; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
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Alfiky, Alsayed, and Laure Weisskopf. "Deciphering Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061.
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Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ubiquitous and commonly encountered as soil inhabitants, plant symbionts, saprotrophs, and mycoparasites. Certain species have been used to control diverse plant diseases and mitigate negative growth conditions. The versatility of Trichoderma’s interactions mainly relies on their ability to engage in inter- and cross-kingdom interactions. Although Trichoderma is by far the most extensively studied fungal biocontrol agent (BCA), with a few species already having been commercialized as bio-pesticides or bio-fertilizers, their wide application has been hampered by an unpredictable efficacy under field conditions. Deciphering the dialogues within and across Trichoderma ecological interactions by identification of involved effectors and their underlying effect is of great value in order to be able to eventually harness Trichoderma’s full potential for plant growth promotion and protection. In this review, we focus on the nature of Trichoderma interactions with plants and pathogens. Better understanding how Trichoderma interacts with plants, other microorganisms, and the environment is essential for developing and deploying Trichoderma-based strategies that increase crop production and protection.
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Sharma, Manika, Pratibha Sharma, M. Raja, Krishan Kumar, Subhash Chandra, and Richa Sharma. "Trichothecene (Trichodermin) production in Trichoderma." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 7 (July 10, 2016): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.041.
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Jasim Mahdi, Aymen, and Yasir Naser Alhamiri. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Trichoderma species and their Fungal Toxins in the Eradication of Alternaria alternata Causing Seeds Decay and Damping-off Disease on Cotton in Iraq." Bionatura 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.64.
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This study aimed to isolate and identify the pathogens accompanying the rotting and death of cotton seeds and seedlings. Also, some Trichoderma spp. were assessed against the fungal pathogen associated with the disease. The results showed that one of the essential isolated fungi, Alternaria alternata, has demonstrated high virulence in attacking cotton seeds and seedlings and reducing germination and growth. This fungus was identified based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. The Trichoderma species applied have shown high efficiency in reducing infection rates and increasing cotton germination percentage. Every isolate of Trichoderma showed a high efficiency against the fungus A. alternata by providing the highest antagonistic ability, reaching 93.75%. The highest percentage of inhibition growth of the pathogen (86.11%) was achieved by Trichoderma koningiopsis, while the lowest percentage of inhibition growth of the pathogen was 66.65 % for Trichoderma reesei. However, the biological formula prepared from species Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma reesei displayed the highest percentage of inhibition of 100% against the fungus A. alternata. Keywords. Alternaria alternata; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
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Yadav, Shankar Gopinath. "Effect of Trichoderma Spp. as a Bio-control Agent on Cereal Crop Plants." Plantae Scientia 3, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v3i5.65-68.
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Trichoderma is a Deuteromycetous fungus with hyphae long, creeping, conidiophores erect, philiadic, having conidial heads. Trichoderma species produces a chemical, trichodermin; it is the sesquiteroenoid acting as a bio-control agent on the principal of myco-parasitism, antibiosis and competition to control soil borne plant pathogens. The phytotoxic effect was screened by treating cereal crop seeds with culture filtrate of Trichoderma species, the effect of culture filtrate was measured in terms of seed germination percentage and results were compared with control one. The obtained results shows percentage of germination in treated seeds was more than the control. The culture filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum showed superior effects (95-97%) than that of Trichoderma viridae (90-95%) and Trichoderma virens (86-92%) on the seed germination of selected cereal crop seeds.
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Oyesola, O. L., R. T. Kinge, and O. O. Obembe. "Trichoderma: A Review of its Mechanisms of Action in Plant Sustainable Disease Control." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1492, no. 1 (April 1, 2025): 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1492/1/012008.
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Abstract Trichoderma has been widely studied for its potential as a bioagent for managing plant pathogens. Trichoderma’s biological control mechanisms include competition, modification of environmental conditions, antibiosis, induction of plant defensive mechanisms, mycoparasitism, and plant growth promotion. Trichoderma produces diverse metabolites that have antifungal activity. These metabolites include peptaibols, gliotoxin, and trichokonins. Trichoderma also produces β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases that can break down fungal pathogens’ cell walls. In addition to direct antagonism against fungal pathogens, Trichoderma can also trigger localised or systemic resistance in plants, which is achieved through the production of elicitors such as chitin oligosaccharides and β-glucans that activate plant defence responses. Trichoderma can also form mutualistic associations with plants. Trichoderma colonises plant roots in these partnerships, enhancing growth by boosting nutrient uptake and triggering systemic resistance. As a biomanagement agent, Trichoderma offers numerous benefits compared to traditional crop protection methods, like synthetic pesticides.
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NS, Amerio, Barengo MP, Bich GA, and Castrillo ML. "Molecular interactions of Trichoderma: from microbial competition to soil health promotion." International Journal of Molecular Biology Open Access 7, no. 1 (October 24, 2024): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2024.07.00183.
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The increasing demand for sustainable solutions to agricultural pest and disease management has positioned Trichoderma fungi as a promising biological control agent. Trichoderma is not only capable of suppressing various plant pathogens but also promotes plant growth and strengthens natural plant defenses. This mini-review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying Trichoderma's ability to function as a biocontrol agent, focusing on nutrient competition, antibiotic production, mycoparasitism, and the induction of plant resistance. Additionally, advances in genomics and transcriptomics have facilitated a deeper understanding of the signaling pathways and genes responsible for Trichoderma's biocontrol effectiveness, including G-protein and MAPK pathways. Beyond pathogen suppression, Trichoderma plays a key role in enhancing soil health and establishing symbiotic relationships with plants, contributing to improved nutrient absorption and growth hormone production. However, challenges remain in translating laboratory success to large-scale field applications. This mini review highlights the need for further research on optimizing Trichoderma formulations, understanding its interaction with other beneficial soil organisms, and exploring genetic engineering to enhance its biocontrol capabilities. The future of Trichoderma lies in its integration into holistic, agroecological systems alongside other sustainable pest management strategies.
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Parra Cortes, Claudia, Valentín Murcia Torrejano, Alexandra Cerón Endo, and Guillermo Caicedo Díaz. "Evaluación de cepas de Trichoderma spp. para el control de Phytophthora spp. en Theobroma cacao L. en el sur de Colombia." Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental 16, no. 1 (December 19, 2024): 143–56. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.7700.
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Contextualización: Las enfermedades fungosas causan grandes pérdidas en la producción a escala mundial, la pudrición parda de la mazorca o mazorca negra es la enfermedad del cultivo de cacao más importante, la cual es causada por varias especies de Phytophthora. Vacío de conocimiento: En Colombia es poco el estudio en el manejo de Phytophthora sp. en cacao. Se han realizado avances investigativos por parte de AGROSAVIA, en otras regiones del país, pero se requiere de este tipo de estudios para control biológico en la zona de influencia del proyecto. Propósito: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de Trichoderma viride frente a la mezcla de Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma otroviride, Trichoderma harzianum en el control de Phytophthora sp. en T. cacao en fincas de cacao orgánico en el sur de Colombia. Metodología: Se emplearon parámetros de evaluación para incidencia y severidad de Phytophthora sp. en plantaciones de T. cacao en fincas de cacao orgánico. Enfermedad tratada con: T1: (Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma atroviridae, Trichoderma harzianum). Presentación polvo mojable PW. T2: (Trichoderma viride) presentación liquida Suspensión concentrada SC. T3: Testigo, sin ninguna aplicación; en dos épocas de producción del año. Resultados y conclusiones: Como resultados se encontró que el Trichoderma es efectivo para el control de Phytophthora sp., se identificó que el T. viride tiene mayor control que la mezcla de Trichodermas
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Aruna, Kopuri, Kodali Sucharita, Pulapaka Suresh, Sayala Priyadarshini, Dasu Rama Sri Vineela, and Kotamraju Vijay Krishna Kumar. "Exploitation of Trichoderma spp. for Soil and Crop Health in Sustainable Agriculture." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2025): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2025.1401.006.
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Trichoderma, a genus of soil fungi, holds considerable economic importance due to its wide distribution across various climates and its ability to thrive in soils subjected to stressors like salinity, alkalinity, nutrient deficiencies, and drought. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the potential applications and role of Trichoderma in enhancing sustainable agriculture. It begins by exploring how Trichoderma species foster plant growth and development, particularly under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, while offering protection against plant pathogens. The article also examines the agricultural uses of Trichoderma, including its role as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer, which contribute to more sustainable farming practices. However, agricultural chemicals, such as fungicides, can negatively impact Trichoderma species. Despite these challenges, the review emphasizes the significant benefits of integrating Trichoderma into farming, including improvements in soil quality, enhanced agricultural productivity, and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides. Moreover, Trichoderma’s ability to interact with plants through root colonization and act as a plant growth enhancer for a wide range of crops further underscores its potential. The safety, affordability, efficacy, and eco-friendly nature of Trichoderma spp. make them a promising option for advancing sustainable agriculture.
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Herek, Jéssica. "AVALIAÇÃO QUALITATIVA DO USO DE Trichoderma spp. EM CULTURA DE SOJA." Arquivos do Mudi 26, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v26i2.63080.
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O uso de Trichoderma spp. em cultura de soja melhora o desenvolvimento e diminuição de patógenos na planta como também combate ao fungo Fusarium spp. O produto Trichodermil, á base de Trichoderma harzianum, foi aplicado em 78 sementes de soja, sendo 48 plantadas em vaso e as demais plantadas diretamente no solo. A avaliação da eficácia de Trichoderma spp. nas plantas procurou resultar em bom desenvolvimento da germinação, enraizamento, produtividade, morfologia externa e combate ao Fusarium spp. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, onde o uso de Trichoderma spp. demonstrou-se qualitativamente eficiente no melhor desenvolvimento morfológico, radicular e produtivo da planta, porém não foi possível avaliar eficiência do mesmo na germinação e no desenvolvimento microbiano, visto que não teve desenvolvimento fúngico presente.
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Raman, R. Nikhil, K. Vipul Kumar, Prahlad Masurkar, and Angel Jemima. "EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM BIOFORTIFIED WITH VERMI COMPOST AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI." Journal of Biopesticides 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.24-32.
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Morphological features are not adequate to accurately categorizedifferent species of the genus Trichoderma. Molecular characters, incombination with morphological characters, are used to identify Trichodermaat the species or subspecies level. The present study was focused oncharacterising Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and molecularanalysis using genes such as ITS. Light microscopy results showed that Trichodermaasperellum regularly branched and typically paired conidiophores withstraight phialides and globose to subglobose shaped conidia Sequence similarityanalysis with reference T. asperellum isolates available in the NCBIdatabase showed 100 percent nucleotide similarity for ITS4 and ITS5. A dualculture test clearly showed that Trichoderma asperllum inhibited thetested fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(87.38 percent). Population dynamics of Trichoderma asperellum incompost were found to be stable until 21 days after mixing.
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França, Danilo Vieira Cardozo, Katia Cristina Kupper, Márcia Maria Rosa Magri, Tamara Maria Gomes, and Fabrício Rossi. "Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential of phosphate solubilization and growth promotion in cherry tomato1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4746447.
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ABSTRACT Trichoderma fungi are considered relevant plant growth promoters for increasing the efficiency in the use of nutrients, as well as acting as biological control agents. This study aimed to select Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential for phosphate solubilization and their application as growth promoters in interaction with homeophatic preparations, in cherry tomato. Among 16 Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from soils of organic tomato growing areas tested in vitro, together with a commercial product (Trichodermil®), two of them showed the ability for indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization. The Trichoderma “R” had the highest mycelial growth speed index and presented twice as much spores than the commercial product. An in vivo experiment was also conducted in a greenhouse, in order to observe the potential of Trichoderma spp. isolates and homeophatic preparations on the cherry tomato growth promotion, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three Trichoderma isolates and two homeopathic preparations (Phosphorus 6CH and Carbo vegetabilis 6CH) + treatment without homeopathic preparation. The leaf area and dry mass of leaves and roots were determined. It was possible to observe that the isolate “R”, identified as Trichoderma asperellum, was effective in the cherry tomato growth promotion, while the homeopathic preparations applied did not show any effect.
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Scott, Kelsey, Zachary Konkel, Emile Gluck-Thaler, Guillermo E. Valero David, Coralie Farinas Simmt, Django Grootmyers, Priscila Chaverri, and Jason Slot. "Endophyte genomes support greater metabolic gene cluster diversity compared with non-endophytes in Trichoderma." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 21, 2023): e0289280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289280.
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Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan genus with diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes, including mycotrophy, saprophytism, and endophytism. Previous research has reported greater metabolic gene repertoires in endophytic fungal species compared to closely-related non-endophytes. However, the extent of this ecological trend and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Some endophytic fungi may also be mycotrophs and have one or more mycoparasitism mechanisms. Mycotrophic endophytes are prominent in certain genera like Trichoderma, therefore, the mechanisms that enable these fungi to colonize both living plants and fungi may be the result of expanded metabolic gene repertoires. Our objective was to determine what, if any, genomic features are overrepresented in endophytic fungi genomes in order to undercover the genomic underpinning of the fungal endophytic lifestyle. Here we compared metabolic gene cluster and mycoparasitism gene diversity across a dataset of thirty-eight Trichoderma genomes representing the full breadth of environmental Trichoderma’s diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes. We generated four new Trichoderma endophyticum genomes to improve the sampling of endophytic isolates from this genus. As predicted, endophytic Trichoderma genomes contained, on average, more total biosynthetic and degradative gene clusters than non-endophytic isolates, suggesting that the ability to create/modify a diversity of metabolites potential is beneficial or necessary to the endophytic fungi. Still, once the phylogenetic signal was taken in consideration, no particular class of metabolic gene cluster was independently associated with the Trichoderma endophytic lifestyle. Several mycoparasitism genes, but no chitinase genes, were associated with endophytic Trichoderma genomes. Most genomic differences between Trichoderma lifestyles and nutritional modes are difficult to disentangle from phylogenetic divergences among species, suggesting that Trichoderma genomes maybe particularly well-equipped for lifestyle plasticity. We also consider the role of endophytism in diversifying secondary metabolism after identifying the horizontal transfer of the ergot alkaloid gene cluster to Trichoderma.
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Harcz, Péter. "The Role of Trichoderma in the Rhizosphere of Tomato Plants." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 10 (May 11, 2003): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3467.
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It is well established that microorganisms are closely associated with the roots of plants can directly influence plant growth and development. Species of Trichoderma, on the other hand are primarily studied for their ability to control plant disease. The ability of species of Trichoderma to directly promote or inhibit plant growth has been noted for many years.Tomatoes were treated with different Trichoderma strains by seed treatment and soil inoculation. The Trichoderma were grown on malt-agar medium and conidia were washed off by sterile water for making suspension which contained 107 CFU/ml (colony forming unit/ml). The suspension was used for seed treatment and for the soil inoculation by watering as well. The artificial soil inoculation was made by Trichodermas growing on grounded maize were mixed in mould and tomato seed were sown in it. Tomato seeds were also sown in bags made of close-meshed material which allowed the soil microorganisms to colonize the roots but it simultaneously protected the roots from soil contamination. Roots were put on Trichoderma selective medium to check the root colonization of the Trichoderma.The tomato plants were bedded out in a field in four repetition. After harvesting by hand the results supported by statistics shown that there was significant differences between the yield of the untreated and treated tomato plants by Trichoderma strains.
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Xiao, Chenwen, Lin Li, Yan Liu, Yee Huang, Yanli Wang, Jiaoyu Wang, Guolian Bao, Guochang Sun, and Fucheng Lin. "Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Trichoderma taxi and Its Metabolite on Trichophyton mentagrophyte." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101006.
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an important zoonotic dermatophyte, which seriously harms the skin of humans and animals. Chemical drugs are generally used for the prevention and treatment of the disease caused by T. mentagrophytes. Discovering new compounds from natural products is an important approach for new drug development. Trichoderma includes a variety of fungal species used for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, the antifungal effects of Trichoderma and their metabolites on zoonotic fungal pathogens are largely unknown. Here, the effect of trichodermin, a metabolite derived from the plant endophytic fungus Trichoderma taxi, on T. mentagrophytes was examined, and the underlying mechanism was explored. T. mentagrophytes growth was suppressed significantly by trichodermin and completely inhibited under 1000 μg/mL trichodermin. The production and germination of T. mentagrophytes spores were remarkably reduced upon exposure to trichodermin, in comparison with control samples. Treatment of lesions caused by T. mentagrophytes on the rabbit skin with 1 mg/mL trichodermin prompted the healing process significantly; however, 20 mg/mL trichodermin was likely toxic to the skin. Under trichodermin treatment, the number of mitochondria in T. mentagrophytes increased significantly, while a few mitochondria-related genes decreased, indicating possible mitochondrial damage. In transcriptome analysis, the GO terms enriched by DEGs in the trichodermin-treated group included carbohydrate metabolic process, integral component of membrane, intrinsic component of membrane, and carbohydrate binding, while the enriched KEGG pathways comprised biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and carbon metabolism. By comparing the wild type and a gene deletion strain of T. mentagrophytes, we found that CDR1, an ABC transporter encoding gene, was involved in T. mentagrophytes sensitivity to trichodermin.
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Wibawa, Faizal Surya, Eny Rokhminarsi, and Ni Wayan Anik Leana. "Pengaruh pemberian campuran mikoriza-Trichoderma sp. Dan pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap penyimpanan umbi bawang merah." Jurnal AGRO 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/24245.
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Shallot storage is very important for the availability throughout the year. The use of mixed bio-fertilizers Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma sp. combined with reduced doses of NPK fertilizer is expected to increase the shelf-life of shallot bulbs. The study used a two-factorial Completely Randomized Block Design with the first factor was mycorrhizae-Trichodermasp. biofertilizer, and second factor was reduced NPK fertilizer applied during the cultivation stage. Storage research was carried out for 60 days to determine the dosage of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp., the dose of NPK fertilizer, and the combination of doses of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp. and the best NPK fertilizer for shallot storage. The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp. affected the volume, shelf-life, and color of shallot bulbs. Reducing the doses of NPK fertilizer affected the color of the tubers. The interaction between the application of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp. and reduced doses of NPK fertilizer affected weight loss, diameter, aroma, and rotten tubers damage. The best combination to reduce tuber weight loss and rotten tubers damage is by giving 15g of mycorrhiza : 15g of Trichoderma sp. and a 25% reduction in NPK fertilizer doses. The best combination to increase tuber diameter is by giving 5g mycorrhiza : 5g Trichoderma sp. and 0% reduction of NPK fertilizer doses. The best combination to increase the aroma of tubers is by giving 15g mycorrhiza : 15g Trichoderma sp. and 0% reduction of NPK fertilizer doses.ABSTRAKPenyimpanan bawang merah sangat penting untuk memenuhi ketersediaan sepanjang tahun. Penggunaan pupuk hayati campuran Mikoriza dan Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK diharapkan mampu menambah daya simpan umbi bawang merah. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dua faktor yaitu pupuk hayati Mikoriza-Trichoderma sp., dan pengurangan pupuk NPK yang diaplikasikan ketika tahap budidaya. Penyimpanan dilakukan selama 60 hari dengan tujuan untuk menentukan pemberian dosis pupuk mikoriza-Trichoderma sp., dosis pupuk NPK, maupun kombinasinya yang terbaik untuk penyimpanan bawang merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza-Trichoderma sp. memengaruhi volume, umur simpan, dan warna umbi bawang merah. Pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK memengaruhi warna umbi. Interaksi antara aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza-Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK memengaruhi susut bobot, diameter, aroma, dan kerusakan umbi busuk. Kombinasi terbaik untuk mengurangi susut bobot umbi dan kerusakan umbi busuk adalah pemberian 15g mikoriza : 15g Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan 25% dosis pupuk NPK. Kombinasi terbaik untuk meningkatkan diameter umbi adalah pemberian 5g mikoriza : 5g Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan 0% dosis pupuk NPK. Kombinasi terbaik untuk meningkatkan aroma umbi adalah pemberian 15g mikoriza : 15g Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan 0% dosis pupuk NPK.
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Rajeswari, P., and R. Kapoor. "Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 7, no. 2 (January 13, 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v7i2.35320.
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Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017
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Silva, Veronica Nogueira da, Sylvia Dias Guzzo, Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon, and Ricardo Harakava. "Promoção de crescimento e indução de resistência à antracnose por Trichoderma spp. em pepineiro." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, no. 12 (December 2011): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011001200005.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de 60 isolados de Trichoderma e do produto Trichodermil na promoção do crescimento e na indução de resistência sistêmica à antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum lagenarium em pepineiro, além de identificar as espécies dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. efetivas como indutores de resistência. Nos experimentos de promoção de crescimento, os isolados de Trichoderma spp. foram submetidos à inoculação no substrato e, após 21 dias, a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas foi mensurada. Nos experimentos de indução de resistência, os isolados que promoveram crescimento foram introduzidos no substrato, na base das plantas, sete dias antes da inoculação de C. lagenarium nas folhas. O isolado que apresentou melhor desempenho foi avaliado quanto à redução dos sintomas de antracnose, em aplicações aos 3, 7 ou 14 dias antes da inoculação do patógeno, e quanto à capacidade de aumentar a atividade de peroxidase. Dezenove isolados e o Trichodermil promoveram o crescimento de pepineiro em até 100% e conferiram proteção à antracnose em até 88,39%. O isolado IB 31/06 reduziu a severidade da doença nos intervalos de tempo avaliados. Não foi observado aumento significativo de peroxidase, sete dias após o tratamento com IB 31/06, nas plantas tratadas e infectadas com o patógeno, em comparação às plantas infectadas. O sequenciamento gênico dos dezenove isolados permitiu a identificação de sete espécies distintas de Trichoderma.
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Kwak, Yunyoung. "An Update on Trichoderma Mitogenomes: Complete De Novo Mitochondrial Genome of the Fungal Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes), an Ex-Neotype Strain CBS 226.95, and Tracing the Evolutionary Divergences of Mitogenomes in Trichoderma." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081564.
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Members of the genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales), widely used as biofungicides, biofertilizers, and as model fungi for the industrial production of CAZymes, have actively been studied for the applications of their biological functions. Recently, the study of the nuclear genomes of Trichoderma has expanded in the directions of adaptation and evolution to gain a better understanding of their ecological traits. However, Trichoderma’s mitochondria have received much less attention despite mitochondria being the most necessary element for sustaining cell life. In this study, a mitogenome of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum CBS 226.95 was assembled de novo. A 27,632 bp circular DNA molecule was revealed with specific features, such as the intronless of all core PCGs, one homing endonuclease, and a putative overlapping tRNA, on a closer phylogenetic relationship with T. reesei among hypocrealean fungi. Interestingly, the mitogenome of T. harzianum CBS 226.95 was predicted to have evolved earlier than those of other Trichoderma species and also assumed with a selection pressure in the cox3. Considering the bioavailability, both for the ex-neotype strain of the T. harzianum species complex and the most globally representative commercial fungal biocontrol agent, our results on the T. harzianum CBS 226.95 mitogenome provide crucial information which will be helpful criteria in future studies on Trichoderma.
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Lima, Paula C., Parastoo Karimian, Ema Johnston, and Carol J. Hartley. "The Use of Trichoderma spp. for the Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Waste Biomass via Fermentation: A Review." Fermentation 10, no. 9 (August 23, 2024): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10090442.
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The genus Trichoderma is widely recognized for its ability to secrete lignocellulosic enzymes, establishing it as a crucial technological resource for the bioconversion of agro-industrial waste biomass via fermentation. This review explores the potential of utilizing lignocellulosic waste from diverse industries as a sustainable nutrient source for producing Trichoderma spp. and various desirable metabolites via fermentation. Significant emphasis is placed on the enzymatic activities of Trichoderma species in two critical stages of second-generation biofuel production. Firstly, in the pre-treatment stage to break down complex polysaccharides of lignocellulosic biomass, thereby enhancing production efficiency and yield, and, secondly, during the hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugars essential for biofuel production. Additionally, this review discusses other applications of Trichoderma fermentation, such as enhancing animal feedstock nutrition and employing its spores as biocontrol agents. Ongoing research efforts are directed at optimizing fermentation protocols, identifying suitable waste substrates, and genetic manipulation of strains to enhance the economic viability of Trichoderma’s biotechnological applications. This manuscript contributes to the field of circular biotechnology by offering a detailed review of recent progress on the integration of agro-industrial waste materials in Trichoderma-based bioconversion technologies, highlighting both current achievements and future research directions necessary to enhance the economic and environmental sustainability of waste biomass utilization.
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Rodríguez-González, Álvaro, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Marcos Guerra, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Alejandra Juana Porteous-Álvarez, Alicia Lorenzana, María Piedad Campelo, Alexia Fernández-Marcos, Pedro Antonio Casquero, and Santiago Gutiérrez. "Spores of Trichoderma Strains over P. vulgaris Beans: Direct Effect on Insect Attacks and Indirect Effect on Agronomic Parameters." Insects 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121086.
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Acanthoscelides obtectus is an insect pest that attacks wild and cultivated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Four Trichoderma strains, the T. arundinaceum IBT 40837 wild-type strain (=Ta37), a producer of trichothecene harzianum A (HA), two transformants of T. arundinaceum strain, Ta37-17.139 (=Δtri17) and Ta37-23.74 (=Δtri23), and the T. brevicompactum IBT 40841 wild-type strain (=Tb41), which produces the trichothecene trichodermin, were assessed to establish their direct effect on insect attacks and their indirect effect on the plants grown from the beans treated with those fungal strains and exposed to insect attacks. Treatments of bean seeds with different Trichoderma strains led to different survival rates in the insects, and the Tb41 strain caused the lowest survival rate of all. An 86.10% of the insect cadavers (in contact with Δtri23) showed growth of this strain. This was the treatment that attracted the greatest number of insects. The daily emergence was reduced in beans treated with the Ta37, Tb41, and Δtri17 strains. The undamaged beans treated with Ta37 and Δtri23 showed a high capacity of germination (80.00% and 75.00%, respectively), whereas the Δtri17 and Tb41 treatments increased the capacity of germination in the damaged beans (66.67%). The undamaged beans treated with Δtri23 had the greatest dry weights for the aerial part (4.22 g) and root system in the plants (0.62 g). More studies on the mechanisms of insect control, plant growth promotion, and trichodermol and trichodermin production by Δtri23 and Tb41, respectively, should be explored in order to commercialize these fungal species on a large scale.
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Brotman, Yariv, J. Gupta Kapuganti, and Ada Viterbo. "Trichoderma." Current Biology 20, no. 9 (May 2010): R390—R391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.042.
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Chou, Hao, Yi-Ting Xiao, Jyh-Nong Tsai, Ting-Ting Li, Hung-Yi Wu, Li-yu D. Liu, Der-Syh Tzeng, and Chia-Lin Chung. "In Vitro and in Planta Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum TA as a Biocontrol Agent Against Phellinus noxius, the Cause of Brown Root Rot Disease of Trees." Plant Disease 103, no. 11 (November 2019): 2733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-19-0179-re.
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Brown root rot (BRR), caused by the white rot fungus Phellinus noxius, is an epidemic disease of diverse broadleaved and coniferous tree species in many tropical and subtropical regions. Flooding and trenching control measures are difficult to implement, and chemical controls can have an adverse impact on ecosystems. Previous studies have provided in vitro evidence for the potential use of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of BRR. Here, we analyzed the in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitic abilities of four Trichoderma spp. isolates against four P. noxius isolates in dual culture and Ficus microcarpa wood blocks. A convenient inoculation system based on root inoculation of a highly susceptible loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) with P. noxius-colonized wheat-oat grains was developed to examine the effect of Trichoderma treatment in planta. Preventive application of Trichoderma asperellum TA, the isolate showing high antagonistic activity in vitro, was effective in preventing and delaying the wilting of P. noxius-inoculated loquat cuttings in greenhouse trials. To understand the specific niche in which T. asperellum TA interacts with P. noxius, KOH-aniline blue fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the colonization of loquat roots by P. noxius and/or T. asperellum TA. Dilution plating assays were also conducted to quantify Trichoderma populations in the rhizosphere and potting mix. T. asperellum TA was able to robustly establish in the rhizosphere and potting mix but with scarce root penetration limited to the superficial layer. We discuss the timing and strategy for applying antagonistic Trichodema sp. on living trees or in BRR-infested areas for BRR management.
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Nurdin, Dahlia, Muhlis Yamin, and Iinnaninengseh Iinnaninengseh. "UJI EFEKTIFITAS CENDAWA TRICHODERMA SP TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa)." Jurnal Agroterpadu 1, no. 2 (November 12, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/ja.v1i2.3167.
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Kunyit merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak diminati melalui sarana industri obat konvensional . Kunyit adalah tanaman dari organisasi Zingiberaceae berbentuk semak dan bersifat abadi yang tumbuh di daerah tropis. Rendahnya produksi kunyit menyebabkan berkurangnya kesuburan tanah akibat penggunaan pupuk kimia yang terus menerus dapat menjelaskan lingkungan termasuk meninggalkan residu . di tanah Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di Btn Lino Maloga Kelurahan Darma, kabupaten polewali mandar provinsi Sulawesi barat dari bulan april 2021 sampai juli 2021.bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian dosis Trichodema sp Tentang pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kunyit. Metode survey yang digunakan dalam survey ini adalah design acak kelompok (RAK) yaitu pemberian dosis Trichoderma sp terdiri dari 6 perlakuan T0 :0 gram/tanaman (Kontrol) T1 : 20 gram / tanaman T2 : 40 gram / tanaman T3 : 60 gram / tanaman T4 : 80 gram/ tanaman T5 : 100 gram/ tanaman. dengan demikian dalam penelitian ini terdapat 6 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga terdapat 24 unit penelitian dan setiap perlakuan terdapat 4 tanaman sehingga jumlah tanaman yang digunakan adalah 96 tanaman. hasil pengamatan dan analisis data statistic menunjukkan bahwa terjadi efektivitas pemberian dosis jamur Trichoderma sp, pada semua prameter. namun pada Parameter Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun menunjukkan pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap perlakuan Trichodema sp dengan dosis 100 gram pertanaman (5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis cendawan Trichoderma sp memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap semua parameter yang diamati Kata Kunci : Bahan Organik, pertumbuhan, produksi kunyit.
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Barúa, Javier E., Mercedes de la Cruz, Nuria de Pedro, Bastien Cautain, Rosa Hermosa, Rosa E. Cardoza, Santiago Gutiérrez, Enrique Monte, Francisca Vicente, and Isidro G. Collado. "Synthesis of Trichodermin Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 3811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203811.
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Trichothecene mycotoxins are recognized as highly bioactive compounds that can be used in the design of new useful bioactive molecules. In Trichoderma brevicompactum, the first specific step in trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cyclase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene and is encoded by the tri5 gene. Overexpression of tri5 resulted in increased levels of trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin, which is a valuable tool in preparing new molecules with a trichothecene skeleton. In this work, we developed the hemisynthesis of trichodermin and trichodermol derivatives in order to evaluate their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and to study the chemo-modulation of their bioactivity. Some derivatives with a short chain at the C-4 position displayed selective antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and they showed MIC values similar to those displayed by trichodermin. It is important to highlight the cytotoxic selectivity observed for compounds 9, 13, and 15, which presented average IC50 values of 2 μg/mL and were cytotoxic against tumorigenic cell line MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and not against Fa2N4 (non-tumoral immortalized human hepatocytes).
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Wati, Henny Diana, Ismawati Ismawati, and Ida Ekawati. "Pemberdayaan Petani Bawang Merah Melalui Penerapan Trichoderma Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi." Jurnal ABDIRAJA 7, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/adr.v7i1.3090.
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Penyebab menurunnya produktivitas bawang merah di Desa Mandala Kecamatan Rubaru Kabupaten Sumenep salah satunya disebabkan tanaman terserang penyakit moler atau layu fusarium. Penyakit ini dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan juga menurunkan produksi bawang merah secara signifikan. Kelompok Tani Jaya Mulya merupakan petani bawang merah yang masih minim pengetahuan tentang pengendalian hayati. Pengendalian yang dilaksanakan selama ini menggunakan pengendalian secara kimiawi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan edukasi mengenai alternatif pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan dengan pemanfaatan agensia hayati Trichoderma sp sebagai biopestisida. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, kemampuan dan juga megenai cara aplikasi pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan. Metode pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh tim PkM adalah tahap sosialisasi yang dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan, pelatihan tentang pembuatan perbanyakan trichoderma sp melalui media jagung giling. Serta pendampingan pembuatan biopestisida cair yang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik dari agen hayati trichoderma sp yang kemudian diaplikasikan pada tanaman bawang merah. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan petani dalam memperbanyak biakan trichodema sp secara padat, dan pembuatan pupuk organik cair yang dapat juga dijadikan biopestisida yang ramah lingkungan Berdasarkan hasil yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan PKM ini mencakup perbanyakan biakan trichoderma sp, pupuk organik cair, dan pestisida nabati (biopestisida) yang diproduksi secara bersama oleh peserta. Selain itu, kegiatan pengabdian ini juga meningkatkan minat dan motivasi para petani bawang merah untuk mengembangkan sendiri alternatif pupuk organik yang cocok dengan kebutuhan mereka.
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Kurmi, Swarna, Sanjeev Kumar, Sanjay Kharte, and Rahul Patidar. "Evaluation of Bioagents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi Causing Wilt Disease in Pea." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 4 (October 2023): 2274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/eiua4469.
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In this study, in vitro potential of six selected species of Trichoderma, including Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma ressei and Trichoderma asperellum as well as the of two bacterial isolates Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi causing wilt of pea. Trichoderma virens recorded maximum percent growth inhibition (81.97%). In volatile compounds percent growth inhibition 86.80 % was recorded highest in Trichoderma harzianum and percent growth inhibition in non-volatile compound will increase as concentration of bioagents increases and 100% growth inhibition was recorded in Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum and in Trichoderma ressei at 15% concentration.
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Chaudhary, Prajwal, Sweta Kumari, Ektedar, Shivani Chaudhary, Anurag Raj, Deepak Kumar, and Rohit Gangwar. "A Comprehensive Review on Diverse Roles of Trichoderma spp. for Sustainable Agriculture." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 15, no. 2 (February 26, 2025): 556–67. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2025/v15i24747.
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The over use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has had a number of negative effects on the environment and human health. They decrease microbial activity, raise disease resistance, lower soil fertility, and raise greenhouse gas emissions. It is inappropriate and impractical to treat plant diseases solely using chemical pesticides. The use of organic fertilizers and pesticides should be prioritized in order to attain sustainability in agriculture. Trichoderma has been increasingly popular among forward-thinking farmers as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in recent years. Its slow rate of colonization and reproduction, vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses, inability to totally remove pathogens, and high cost are the primary causes of its low adoption among farmers. To get over these obstacles, distinct strains of Trichoderma that are quick to grow and colonize, least impacted by environmental factors, and have a broad host range of diseases should be found. To ensure its widespread use, farmers should also be educated about the value of Trichoderma in agriculture through a variety of extension services. Trichoderma, which functions as a biofertilizer, bioremediation, and biocontrol agent, may be a practical and sustainable substitute.However, Trichoderma's applicability at the farmer level is still lacking, and its utilization is restricted to research endeavors. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is based on a critical analysis of research papers from researchers around the world, is to disclose the current state of Trichoderma use, including its significance, modes of action, application and multiplication techniques, obstacles to widespread adoption, and suitable remedies.
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Bhojani, Rishit, and Hemangi Kapadiya. "Antagonistic Activity of Some Trichoderma Species against Macrophomina phaseolina causing Okra Root Rot." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.026.
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Antagonistic activity of some Trichoderma species viz., Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma gliocladium, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro condition by dual culture technique. Among seven different antagonists tested against M. phaseolinain vitro, Trichoderma asperellum expressed significantly maximum growth inhibition (70.04%) followed by T. hamatum (54.81%), T. gliocladium (28.15%), T. koningii (23.70%), T. harzianum (22.96%), T. virens (22.22%) and T. viride (0.74%), respectively.
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Lee, Ching-Fu, and Tzong-Hsiung Hseu. "Genetic relatedness of Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium species based on molecular approaches." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-081.
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Molecular approaches including internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA, universal primer polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) fingerprinting, and DNADNA hybridization were used to study the genetic relatedness of species within Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium. In the analysis of ITS and 5.8S sequences of ribosomal DNA, parsimony analysis demonstrated that forty-one strains were distributed into five main groups supported by high bootstrap values. The species of Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium were clustered into groups I, II, and IV, with the strains of Trichoderma fasculatum and Trichoderma strictipile forming a separate branch, an independent group V. Some species within each group showed nearly identical sequence differences (fewer than 13 bp). UP-PCR and DNADNA hybridization were further used to clarify the genetic relatedness of these species with highly similar ITS sequences. Highly similar or identical UP-PCR profiles and high values of DNA complementarity (>70%) were observed among some species, Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma pubescens; Trichoderma croceum,Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma album; Trichoderma crassum and Trichoderma flavofuscum; and Trichoderma strictipile and Trichoderma fasciculatum. Although every species can be differentiated morphologically, the species showed highly similar molecular characteristics in the above cases, indicating that they could be conspecific. However, in some cases (Trichoderma longipile, T. crassum and T. flavofuscum; Trichoderma fertile and Trichoderma minutisporum; Trichoderma tomentosum, Trichoderma inhamatum and Trichoderma harzianum) there were discriminative patterns of UP-PCR and (or) low levels (<50%) of DNADNA hybridization; even their ITS sequences were similar, suggesting a closely phylogenetic relationship.Key words: fingerprinting, ITS sequencing, DNADNA hybridization, taxonomy, Trichoderma.
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Bissett, John, George Szakacs, Carol Ann Nolan, Irina Druzhinina, Cornelia Gradinger, and Christian P. Kubicek. "New species of Trichoderma from Asia." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 570–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-051.
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Seven new species of Trichoderma, isolated from soil or tree bark from Siberia, Nepal, northern India, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, and Malaysia, are described based on morphological and physiological characters, and from their phylogenetic position inferred from parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA cluster (ITS1 and 2) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1α). Trichoderma sinensis sp. nov. and Trichoderma effusum sp. nov. are additions to Trichoderma section Longibrachiatum. Trichoderma helicum sp. nov., Trichoderma rossicum sp. nov., Trichoderma velutinum sp. nov., and Trichoderma cerinum sp. nov. are additions to section Pachybasium. Trichoderma erinaceum sp. nov. is described in section Trichoderma. The contribution of sequence data in resolving species in Trichoderma is demonstrated by Trichoderma helicum, which is morphologically indistinguishable from Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett, even though the two species are not phylogenetically closely related.Key words: Hypocrea, systematics, taxonomy, phylogeny.
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Journal, Admin. "PERAN AGEN HAYATI ASAL RIZOSFER DAN ENDOFIT MENEKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK SKLEROTIUM ROLFSII BAWANG DAUN DI MEDIA GAMBUT (Role of Rhizosphere and Endophytes Biological Agents to Supress Sclerotium rolfsii Rot Disease on Scallions in the Peat Media)." AgriPeat 19, no. 02 (October 2, 2019): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/agp.v19i02.159.
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ABSTRACTThe Sclerotium Rot Disease is highly destructive to the scallions cultivation in the peat soil. Theantagonistic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere and the endophytes of healthy plants, have beenproven to be able to reduce Sclerotium rolfsii. The aim of this study was to evaluate thecharacteristics of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophytes of Scallions to S. rolfsii in- vitro in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was also to perform the suppression test on theintensity of Sclerotium rolfsiiRot Disease in planta in the peat media in the screen house. Thisresearch it was shown that genus Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillusas antagonistic fungi, wereidentified from the endophytes, meanwhile genus Trichoderma, Penicillium dan Aspergillus sp. were identified from the rhizosphere. Trichoderma Rz-1 and Trichoderma Rz-3 isolated from therhizosphere was shown to have the highest antagonistic activity by 94,4 %, followed by AspergillusEd-2, which was isolated from the endophytes by 83,8%. In planta on peat media, TrichodermaRz-1 was capable to demonstrate 82,19% of antagonistic effect and it could suppress SclerotiumRot Diseasehence it produced the fresh weight of the plant highest to 19gcluster-1. Taken together,the result of this study showed that Trichoderma Rz-1 isolated from rhizosphere has been proven tobe the most beneficial to reduce the Sclerotium rolfsii on Scallions as a biological control agent,especially in peat soils.Keywords: biocontrol, rhizosphere,endophyte, scallions, Sclerotium rolfsii
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KUHLS, K., E. LIECKFELDT, T. BORNER, and E. GUEHO. "Molecular reidentification of human pathogenic Trichoderma isolates as Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma citrinoviride." Medical Mycology 37, no. 1 (February 1999): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-280x.1999.00197.x.
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KUHLS, K., E. LIECKFELDT, T. BÖRNER, and E. GUÉHO. "Molecular reidentification of human pathogenic Trichoderma isolates as Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma citrinoviride." Medical Mycology 37, no. 1 (July 18, 2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-280x.1999.00197.x.
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Ahmad Shehu Kutama, Aliyu U., Zafar Sultan, Bashir Alabi Ali, and Hadiza Murtala Musa. "In vitro Inhibitory Potential of Trichoderma Species on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum the Causal Organism of vascular wilt of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum l.) in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna." UMYU Scientifica 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.016.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory potential of three species of Trichoderma namely; Trichoderma asperelum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum (fov), the causal organism of vascular wilt in cotton. The experiment consisted of dual culture incubated at 250C + 10C on PDA, for 9 days. During the experiment, the three trichoderma species were obtained from the soil while the fusarium oxysporum isolate was obtained from IAR, Zaria, Nigeria. Antagonistic activity testing was determined using percentage inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum radial growth. The study's results revealed that all the three Trichoderma species tested in this experiment had significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of fov at different degrees compared with untreated control. The percentage inhibition ranged from 54% for Trichoderma. asperelum, 62.8% by Trichoderma viride to the highest being 75.6% and a mean of 45.50% due to Trichoderma harzianum. These results showed that Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective followed by Trichoderma viride and lastly Trichoderma asperellum. This suggest that there are some similarities between the three isolates of Trichoderma as all the three species could inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum but the best to be used as bio-control agent for vascular wilt of cotton caused by fov was Trichoderma harzianum pending further research.
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Rudresh, D. L., M. K. Shivaprakash, and R. D. Prasad. "Tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of Trichoderma spp. in relation to P uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-127.
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Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were investigated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in Pikovskaya's broth and were compared with an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Bacillus megaterium subsp. phospaticum PB that was used as the reference strain. All 9 Trichoderma isolates were found to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate to various extents. Trichoderma viride (TV 97) (9.03 µg·mL–1), Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 12) (9.0 µg·mL–1), and Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 13) (8.83 µg·mL–1) solubilized 70% of that solubilzed by the reference strain Bacillus megaterium (12.43 µg·mL–1). Pot culture and field evaluations with Trichoderma harzianum (PDBCTH 10), Trichoderma viride (TV 97), and Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 12) using chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 'Annegeri-1' as the test plant and rock phosphate as the phosphorus source showed significantly increased P uptake in plants treated with Trichoderma harzianum (PDBCTH 10) followed by Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 12) and Trichoderma viride (TV 97). Inoculation of Trichoderma spp. also showed increased growth and yield parameters of chickpea compared with the uninoculated controls under both glasshouse and field conditions.Key words: Cicer arietinum, nutrient uptake, phosphate solubilization, plant yield, Trichoderma spp.
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Elita, Nelson, Eka Susila, Agustamar Agustamar, and Rizki Rizki. "Identifikasi Molekuler Trichoderma spp. Indigenous dari Rizosfer Beberapa Varietas Padi Asal Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh." Agroteknika 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v5i1.114.
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Peranan mikroba meningkatkan hasil padi metode SRI beragam dipengaruhi jenis, kombinasi mikroorganisme, daya adaptasi, dan teknik aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi mikroba indigenous mampu meningkatkan hasil tanaman padi metode SRI. Jenis mikroba tanah jamur Trichoderma spp. umumnya banyak ditemukan merupakan jamur tanah biasanya ditemukan pada rizosfer tanaman, termasuk rizosfer tanaman padi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis Trichoderma spp. indigenous secara makroskopis dan molekuler asal rizosfer beberapa varietas padi di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi, isolasi dan karakterisasi. Eksplorasi Trichoderma spp. indigenous diambil dari tanah rizosfer padi di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh. Isolasi dan karakterisasi jamur Trichoderma spp. indigenous dilakukan di laboratorium Mikrobiologi Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh dan teknik molekuler dengan Amplifikasi PCR di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika di Solok. Hasil penelitian diperoleh isolat T1-KK (Kuriak Kuning), T2-PW (Pandan Wangi), T3- J (Junjuang) ketiganya asal Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, T4- S (Sokan), T5-KM (Ketan Merah), T6-SB (Siliah Baganti) asal Kota Payakumbuh. Hasil amplifikasi PCR diperoleh jenis isolat Trichoderma spp dari masing-masing isolat tersebut adalah T1-KK jenis jamur Trichoderma asperellum, T2-PW jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum, T3-J jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum, T4-S jenis jamur Thichoderma asperellum, T5-KM jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum, dan T6-SB jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum.
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Schmoll, Monika. "Trichoderma reesei." Trends in Microbiology 30, no. 4 (April 2022): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.008.
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Bissett, John. "Trichoderma atroviride." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-082.
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Hurmann, Eliéte Moura de Souza, Tayrine Mainko Hoblos Pozzobom, and Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins. "Atividade antimicrobiana de Trichoderma viride e Trichoderma stromaticum." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3, no. 2 (2020): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv3n2-015.
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Vajna, L. "Mutual parasitism between Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma pseudokoningii." Journal of Phytopathology 113, no. 4 (August 1985): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1985.tb04829.x.
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Alfizar, Alfizar, Amda Resdiar, Nana Ariska, Muhammad Sayuthi, Siti Shofiya Nasution, Novita Novita, and Syaukani Syaukan. "EFFICACY ANTIMICROBIAL ENDOPHYTICS METABOLITES TO CONTROL SIGATOKA DISEASE (MYCOSPHAERELLA MUSICOLA) ON BANANAS IN NORTHERN SUMATERA." International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review 05, no. 03 (2024): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52267/ijaser.2024.5309.
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The secondary metabolites show diverse biological activities, including phytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor. This study aimed to obtain secondary metabolites that are more effective in suppressing the development of Sigatoka disease in bananas. A field trial was performed to screen the antifungal metabolitesactivity of three isolates against Mycosphaerella musicola. This research used a randomised block design with four treatments and six replications. The results showed that the fastest incubation period was obtained at 14 days in the control treatment, and with Bacillus sp occurred after 30 days, 25 days in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 40 days in the treatment of Trichoderma asperellum. The percentage of disease incidence and spot area on the leaves was most significant in the control treatment, 62,5% and 66,45%, then followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively, 41,67% and 34,48%, and the lowest disease incidence and spot area in the treatment, Trichodermasp were 25% and 21,78%, respectively. Further, the lowest disease severity was found in the secondary metabolite of Trichoderma asperellum at 23.36%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa secondary metabolite at 32.57%. Meanwhile, the highest disease severity was found in the control treatment, with an average of 60.27%. Secondary metabolites of Bacillus sp, Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectively suppress Sigatoka disease. The highest banana production was found in the secondary metabolite of Trichoderma asperellum, with a harvestweight of 13.98 kg, and the lowest harvest weight found in the control treatment was 11.90 kg
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Kumar, Jaygendra, Mukesh Kumar, Vaishali, Akash Tomar, and Puspendra Kumar. "Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) Based Identification of Trichoderma Isolates and Biocontrol Activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Chitinase Activity." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, no. 4 (April 11, 2024): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4813.
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Twelve Trichoderma spp. isolated from different locations in Uttar Pradesh, India. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplification and sequencing were used to identify isolates of Trichoderma that showed 99–100% identification with Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, the three species of Trichoderma. Tests were conducted in Vitro to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium species. After seven days of incubation, the isolate TBT6 (T. harzianum) exhibited the greatest antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum, with inhibition rates of 87.1%) by TBT7 (82.2%), and the least amount of inhibition (59.7%) by T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10. Under field conditions, the antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be employed as a bio-control agent against Fusarium oxysporum. and for the development of formulations based on Trichoderma. Using the dual plate approach, twelve highly antagonistic Trichoderma isolates were selected for chitinolytic activity. Observing the breakdown of chitin substrates, Trichoderma isolates TBT6 was shown to have strong chitinolytic enzyme activity, making it a good candidate for endochitinase gene isolation. Using two particular primers, the genomic DNA of the Trichoderma isolate TBT6 was isolated and amplified.
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Mahato, Sanjay, and Srijana Neupane. "Comparative study of impact of Azotobacter and Trichoderma with other fertilizers on maize growth." Journal of Maize Research and Development 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v3i1.18915.
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Biofertilizers may be a better eco-friendly option to maintain soil fertility. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azotobacter and Trichoderma on the vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The experiment was carried out in medium sized pots, at IAAS, Lamjung (Feb 2017 - May 2017) in completely randomized design (CRD), consisting eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were namely T1 (control), T2 (Azotobacter), T3 (Trichoderma), T4 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma), T5 (NPK), T6 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM), T7 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM + NPK), T8 (FYM). Azotobacter showed a positive increase in plant height, stem girth, dry shoot weight, root length and width, and root weight while Trichoderma displayed either negative or minimal impact. Effect of FYM was lower than Azotobacter but considerably higher than Trichoderma. Trichoderma seriously inhibited the expression of Azotobacter when used together. Trichoderma even suppressed the outcome (except shoot weight) of FYM when used together. Root length was the longest in Azotobacter inoculation. The highest number of leaves was in T7 followed by Azotobacter (T2) and NPK (T5). Unlike leaf width, Azotobacter showed a negligible increase in leaves length while Trichoderma wherever present showed the negative impact. Minimum chlorophyll content was found in Azotobacter or Trichoderma after 73 days. Azotobacter treatment showed early tasseling than Trichoderma. The association of Azotobacter and Trichoderma increased the biomass. Azotobacter has significant effects on growth parameters of maize and can supplement chemical fertilizer, while Trichoderma was found to inhibit most of the growth parameters.
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Panjaitan, Iman, Nurhajijah Nurhajijah, and Nur Liayana Iskandar. "EFEKTIVITAS APLIKASI BERBAGAI Trichoderma sp. PADA FASE VEGETATIF TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)." Agrika 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2025): 101–12. https://doi.org/10.31328/ja.v19i1.6845.
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ABSTRAK Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang penting dalam sektor pertanian dan ekonomi, terutama di negara beriklim tropis seperti indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai jenis Trichoderma sp. terhadap pertumbuhan awal tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum L.), khususnya pada fase perkecambahan dan vegetatif awal. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yaitu T1 (Trichoderma sp asperellum), T2 (Trichoderma sp konigi), T3 (Trichoderma sp asperellum inokulum), T4 (Trichoderma sp virens inokulum), T5 (karboksimetil selulosa 0.1%) dan T6 (kontrol). Pemberian Trichoderma sp. memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap persentase perkecambahan, panjang akar dan panjang tunas tanaman cabai. Trichoderma asperellum inoculum (T3) dan Trichoderma virens inoculum (T4) merupakan perlakuan terbaik pada persentase perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan panjang tunas tanaman cabai dibandingkan jenis Trichoderma sp lainnya.
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Puspita, Fifi, Muhammad Ali, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Kompatibilitas dan Daya Hambat Konsorsium Trichoderma spp. Endofit terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Phytophthora palmivora." Agrikultura 31, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v31i2.26063.
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Phytophthora palmivora dapat menyebabkan penyakit busuk buah kakao yang menimbulkan kerugian secara ekonomi. Pengendalian yang dapat digunakan adalah penggunaan agens hayati Trichoderma. Penggunaan Trichoderma dalam pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara tunggal maupun secara konsorsium dengan berbagai jenis Trichoderma maupun mikroba lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas konsorsium Trichoderma spp. endofit dan memperoleh kombinasi isolat Trichoderma spp. endofit yang mempunyai daya hambat tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora secara in-vitro dan terhadap penyakit busuk buah kakao. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Riau pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2018. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimen dengan perlakuan T1= Trichoderma spp. endofit asal akar kelapa sawit (TR), T2= Trichoderma spp. endofit asal batang kelapa sawit (TS), T3= Trichoderma spp. endofit asal pelepah kelapa sawit (TP), T4= TR + TS, T5= TR + TP, T6= TS + TR, T7= TR + TS + TP, yang terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu: 1) uji kompatibilitas jamur Trichoderma spp. endofit, 2) uji daya hambat konsorsium Trichoderma spp. endofit dan 3) uji kemampuan konsorsium Trichoderma spp. endofit untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pada buah kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma endofit isolat TR-01, TS-02 dan TM-01 bersifat kompatibel sehingga dapat digabungkan. Kombinasi (TR-01+TS-02+TM-01) memiliki daya hambat yang tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora secara in-vitro yaitu 72,97%. Kombinasi isolat Trichoderma tersebut juga memiliki kemampuan terbaik untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pada buah kakao.
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Elita, Nelson, Eka Susila, Deliana Andam Sari, and Ayu Kurnia Illahi. "Uji Peningkatan Perkecambahan dan Vigor Benih Padi Varietas Junjuang dengan Isolat Trichoderma spp. Indigenous." Agrikultura 34, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v34i3.45941.
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Budidaya padi dengan metode System of Rice Intensification (SRI) menggunakan bibit muda berumur 8-12 hari saat penanaman di lapangan. Bibit padi muda bermasalah ketika ditransplantasikan ke lapangan karena rentan kerusakan, penyakit dan stres lingkungan. Peningkatan kekuatan dan kesehatan kecambah padi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan mikroba Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) yaitu jamur Trichoderma spp. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenous yang memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan kualitas perkecambahan dan vigor benih padi verietas Junjuang. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan Trichoderma spp. yaitu T0 = kontrol, T1 = Trichoderma sp. asal rumpun varietas Ketan Merah, T2 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Pandan Wangi, T3 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Junjuang, T4 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Cisokan, T5 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Kuning Kuriak, dan T6 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Siliah Baganti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang tunas, berat tunas, panjang akar, berat varietas Junjuang lebih sesuai dengan benih varietas Junjuang. Aplikasi isolat Trichoderma spp. pada perkecambahan benih dapat meningkatkan daya kecambah benih dibandingkan dengan kontrol.