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Rajeswari, P., und Rupam Kapoor. „Combined Application of Different Species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum for the Control of Fusarium wiltDisease in Arachis hypogea. L“. Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, Nr. 3 (25.09.2017): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2557.
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ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum causes Fusarium wilt of crop plants leads to considerable yield loss. The study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of combining Trichoderma species and Pseudomonas fluorescens i.e Trichodema viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), Trichoderma harzianum+Pseudomonas fluorescens (Th+Pf) (1.5+2%), Trichoderma viride +Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%) on the activity of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum to control Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L wilt in vitro. The activity of 1,4 -β – Endoglucanase, 1,4 -β – Exoglucanase, Cellobiases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymes was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, disease suppression of Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was considerably better as compared to other two strains. At the same time the other two combinations resulted in enhanced disease suppression as compared to single strains. This indicates that the potential benefits of using combination treatments to suppress Fusarium wilt. The study suggests the significance of interactive effects of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas in biocontrol of wilt disease.
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López Martínez, Tatiana de los Ángeles, Leandro Alberto Páramo Aguilera und Heysell Dodanig Delgado Silva. „Reproducción masiva de hongos trichodermas previamente identificados de suelos Nicaragüenses en diferentes sustratos orgánicos“. Nexo Revista Científica 35, Nr. 03 (30.09.2022): 700–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v35i03.15000.
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Los hongos Trichodermas son de vital importancia para mantener los cultivos de plantas libres de hongos fitopatógenos, por ende, la presente investigación permitió determinar el mejor sustrato orgánico para la reproducción masiva de Trichodermas, previamente identificadas de suelos nicaragüenses. Utilizando sustratos como: Arroz (testigo), Maíz, Olote de maíz, Copra de coco y Melaza , con 5 cepas de hongos que fueron identificados como Trichoderma harzianum (72TG-11), Trichoderma harzianum (T3), Trichoderma harzianum (CVD-06), Trichoderma sp. (CIXD-11) y Trichoderma longibrachiatum (QIVD-12). Mediante fermentación sólida y bifásica, se realizó la producción de esporas por 26 y 15 días, respectivamente, obteniéndose que con olote de maíz se produjo concentraciones de esporas muy cercanos a los obtenidos con el arroz; la adición de melaza a los sustratos, produjo un ligero aumento en la concentración de esporas en comparación a los obtenidos sin melaza, excepto en las cepas T3 y CVD-06, lo cual aparentemente no muestra diferencias apreciables en el número de esporas obtenidos. Por otro lado, el olote de maíz es el mejor sustrato para la reproducción masiva de hongos Trichodermas, ya que se obtienen resultados satisfactorios en ambas fermentaciones y no compite con el alimento del ser humano.
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Putri, Reza, Joko Prasetyo, Tri Maryono und Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati. „PENGARUH EMPAT ISOLAT Trichoderma spp. TERHADAP PENYAKIT BULAI DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)“. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 10, Nr. 2 (18.05.2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i2.5873.
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Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu daerah sentra penghasil jagung di Indonesia. Produktivitas jagung masih belum optimal. Rendahnya produktivitas lahan jagung dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adanya penyakit bulai. Penyakit bulai dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 90%. Alternatif pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan memanfaatkan Trichodema spp. sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit bulai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh empat isolat Trichoderma spp. terhadap keterjadian dan keparahan penyakit bulai dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari (T0) tanpa isolat Trichoderma sp., (T1) Trichoderma sp. isolat Hajimena, (T2) Trichoderma sp. isolat Lampung Tengah, (T3) Trichoderma spp. Isolat Lampung Timur, dan (T4) Trichoderma sp. isolat Metro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur Trichoderma spp Trichoderma spp. isolat Hajimena dan Metro dapat menekan keterjadian penyakit dan Trichoderma spp. isolat Hajimena dan Lampung Tengah dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada bobot basah akar.
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Jasim Mahi, Aymen, und Yasir Naser Alhamiri. „First record of Fusarium brachygibbosum as a causal agent of seed decay and damping-off disease on cotton in Iraq and Control using some bioagents“. Bionatura 8, Nr. 4 (15.12.2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.63.
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The results of the isolation and identification of pathogens accompanying the symptomatic seeds and seedlings of cotton showed that the most common fungus was Fusarium brachygibbosum. Molecular identification of the studied fungus was performed using the universal primers: the results of the genetic analysis revealed the identities of the fungus as follows: a 100% identity for F. brachygibbosum that was deposited at the GenBank under accession number ON738702.1. This fungus has shown high pathogenicity against cotton seeds and seedlings by severely reducing their Germination and growth and treating cotton seeds with the biological factors of Trichoderma spp. It revealed a high efficiency in reducing disease incidence and increasing cotton germination percentage. Trichoderma viride showed the highest ability to increase seed germination to 94.44%. In comparison, the lowest ability reached 77.77 % in Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma reesei—the results of extracting toxins from the filters of Trichoderma spp. The study's use of trichodermin and Gliotoxin showed the presence of trichodermin and Gliotoxin in large quantities. The percentage of toxin inhibition was significant against the growth of pathogenic fungi. The highest percentage of inhibition was 86.1% for the isolate Trichoderma koningiopsis, and the lowest percentage was 66.65% for the isolate Trichoderma reesei. As for the effect of isolates of resistant fungus on the Pathogen in the field, the highest germination rate was 100%, and the inhibition rate was 0.00% when using the biological preparation prepared from the isolates (T. viride, T. pseudokoningii, T. koningiopsis and T. reesei). Keywords: Fusarium brachygibbosum; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
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Sharma, Manika, Pratibha Sharma, M. Raja, Krishan Kumar, Subhash Chandra und Richa Sharma. „Trichothecene (Trichodermin) production in Trichoderma“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, Nr. 7 (10.07.2016): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.041.
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Alfiky, Alsayed, und Laure Weisskopf. „Deciphering Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 1 (18.01.2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061.
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Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ubiquitous and commonly encountered as soil inhabitants, plant symbionts, saprotrophs, and mycoparasites. Certain species have been used to control diverse plant diseases and mitigate negative growth conditions. The versatility of Trichoderma’s interactions mainly relies on their ability to engage in inter- and cross-kingdom interactions. Although Trichoderma is by far the most extensively studied fungal biocontrol agent (BCA), with a few species already having been commercialized as bio-pesticides or bio-fertilizers, their wide application has been hampered by an unpredictable efficacy under field conditions. Deciphering the dialogues within and across Trichoderma ecological interactions by identification of involved effectors and their underlying effect is of great value in order to be able to eventually harness Trichoderma’s full potential for plant growth promotion and protection. In this review, we focus on the nature of Trichoderma interactions with plants and pathogens. Better understanding how Trichoderma interacts with plants, other microorganisms, and the environment is essential for developing and deploying Trichoderma-based strategies that increase crop production and protection.
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Jasim Mahdi, Aymen, und Yasir Naser Alhamiri. „Evaluation of the Efficacy of Trichoderma species and their Fungal Toxins in the Eradication of Alternaria alternata Causing Seeds Decay and Damping-off Disease on Cotton in Iraq“. Bionatura 8, Nr. 4 (15.12.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.64.
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This study aimed to isolate and identify the pathogens accompanying the rotting and death of cotton seeds and seedlings. Also, some Trichoderma spp. were assessed against the fungal pathogen associated with the disease. The results showed that one of the essential isolated fungi, Alternaria alternata, has demonstrated high virulence in attacking cotton seeds and seedlings and reducing germination and growth. This fungus was identified based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. The Trichoderma species applied have shown high efficiency in reducing infection rates and increasing cotton germination percentage. Every isolate of Trichoderma showed a high efficiency against the fungus A. alternata by providing the highest antagonistic ability, reaching 93.75%. The highest percentage of inhibition growth of the pathogen (86.11%) was achieved by Trichoderma koningiopsis, while the lowest percentage of inhibition growth of the pathogen was 66.65 % for Trichoderma reesei. However, the biological formula prepared from species Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma reesei displayed the highest percentage of inhibition of 100% against the fungus A. alternata. Keywords. Alternaria alternata; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
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Yadav, Shankar Gopinath. „Effect of Trichoderma Spp. as a Bio-control Agent on Cereal Crop Plants“. Plantae Scientia 3, Nr. 5 (15.09.2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v3i5.65-68.
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Trichoderma is a Deuteromycetous fungus with hyphae long, creeping, conidiophores erect, philiadic, having conidial heads. Trichoderma species produces a chemical, trichodermin; it is the sesquiteroenoid acting as a bio-control agent on the principal of myco-parasitism, antibiosis and competition to control soil borne plant pathogens. The phytotoxic effect was screened by treating cereal crop seeds with culture filtrate of Trichoderma species, the effect of culture filtrate was measured in terms of seed germination percentage and results were compared with control one. The obtained results shows percentage of germination in treated seeds was more than the control. The culture filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum showed superior effects (95-97%) than that of Trichoderma viridae (90-95%) and Trichoderma virens (86-92%) on the seed germination of selected cereal crop seeds.
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Herek, Jéssica. „AVALIAÇÃO QUALITATIVA DO USO DE Trichoderma spp. EM CULTURA DE SOJA“. Arquivos do Mudi 26, Nr. 2 (01.09.2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v26i2.63080.
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O uso de Trichoderma spp. em cultura de soja melhora o desenvolvimento e diminuição de patógenos na planta como também combate ao fungo Fusarium spp. O produto Trichodermil, á base de Trichoderma harzianum, foi aplicado em 78 sementes de soja, sendo 48 plantadas em vaso e as demais plantadas diretamente no solo. A avaliação da eficácia de Trichoderma spp. nas plantas procurou resultar em bom desenvolvimento da germinação, enraizamento, produtividade, morfologia externa e combate ao Fusarium spp. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, onde o uso de Trichoderma spp. demonstrou-se qualitativamente eficiente no melhor desenvolvimento morfológico, radicular e produtivo da planta, porém não foi possível avaliar eficiência do mesmo na germinação e no desenvolvimento microbiano, visto que não teve desenvolvimento fúngico presente.
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Raman, R. Nikhil, K. Vipul Kumar, Prahlad Masurkar und Angel Jemima. „EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM BIOFORTIFIED WITH VERMI COMPOST AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI“. Journal of Biopesticides 16, Nr. 1 (01.06.2024): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.24-32.
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Morphological features are not adequate to accurately categorizedifferent species of the genus Trichoderma. Molecular characters, incombination with morphological characters, are used to identify Trichodermaat the species or subspecies level. The present study was focused oncharacterising Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and molecularanalysis using genes such as ITS. Light microscopy results showed that Trichodermaasperellum regularly branched and typically paired conidiophores withstraight phialides and globose to subglobose shaped conidia Sequence similarityanalysis with reference T. asperellum isolates available in the NCBIdatabase showed 100 percent nucleotide similarity for ITS4 and ITS5. A dualculture test clearly showed that Trichoderma asperllum inhibited thetested fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(87.38 percent). Population dynamics of Trichoderma asperellum incompost were found to be stable until 21 days after mixing.
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França, Danilo Vieira Cardozo, Katia Cristina Kupper, Márcia Maria Rosa Magri, Tamara Maria Gomes und Fabrício Rossi. „Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential of phosphate solubilization and growth promotion in cherry tomato1“. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 47, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2017): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4746447.
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ABSTRACT Trichoderma fungi are considered relevant plant growth promoters for increasing the efficiency in the use of nutrients, as well as acting as biological control agents. This study aimed to select Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential for phosphate solubilization and their application as growth promoters in interaction with homeophatic preparations, in cherry tomato. Among 16 Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from soils of organic tomato growing areas tested in vitro, together with a commercial product (Trichodermil®), two of them showed the ability for indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization. The Trichoderma “R” had the highest mycelial growth speed index and presented twice as much spores than the commercial product. An in vivo experiment was also conducted in a greenhouse, in order to observe the potential of Trichoderma spp. isolates and homeophatic preparations on the cherry tomato growth promotion, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three Trichoderma isolates and two homeopathic preparations (Phosphorus 6CH and Carbo vegetabilis 6CH) + treatment without homeopathic preparation. The leaf area and dry mass of leaves and roots were determined. It was possible to observe that the isolate “R”, identified as Trichoderma asperellum, was effective in the cherry tomato growth promotion, while the homeopathic preparations applied did not show any effect.
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Harcz, Péter. „The Role of Trichoderma in the Rhizosphere of Tomato Plants“. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, Nr. 10 (11.05.2003): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3467.
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It is well established that microorganisms are closely associated with the roots of plants can directly influence plant growth and development. Species of Trichoderma, on the other hand are primarily studied for their ability to control plant disease. The ability of species of Trichoderma to directly promote or inhibit plant growth has been noted for many years.Tomatoes were treated with different Trichoderma strains by seed treatment and soil inoculation. The Trichoderma were grown on malt-agar medium and conidia were washed off by sterile water for making suspension which contained 107 CFU/ml (colony forming unit/ml). The suspension was used for seed treatment and for the soil inoculation by watering as well. The artificial soil inoculation was made by Trichodermas growing on grounded maize were mixed in mould and tomato seed were sown in it. Tomato seeds were also sown in bags made of close-meshed material which allowed the soil microorganisms to colonize the roots but it simultaneously protected the roots from soil contamination. Roots were put on Trichoderma selective medium to check the root colonization of the Trichoderma.The tomato plants were bedded out in a field in four repetition. After harvesting by hand the results supported by statistics shown that there was significant differences between the yield of the untreated and treated tomato plants by Trichoderma strains.
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Scott, Kelsey, Zachary Konkel, Emile Gluck-Thaler, Guillermo E. Valero David, Coralie Farinas Simmt, Django Grootmyers, Priscila Chaverri und Jason Slot. „Endophyte genomes support greater metabolic gene cluster diversity compared with non-endophytes in Trichoderma“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 12 (21.12.2023): e0289280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289280.
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Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan genus with diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes, including mycotrophy, saprophytism, and endophytism. Previous research has reported greater metabolic gene repertoires in endophytic fungal species compared to closely-related non-endophytes. However, the extent of this ecological trend and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Some endophytic fungi may also be mycotrophs and have one or more mycoparasitism mechanisms. Mycotrophic endophytes are prominent in certain genera like Trichoderma, therefore, the mechanisms that enable these fungi to colonize both living plants and fungi may be the result of expanded metabolic gene repertoires. Our objective was to determine what, if any, genomic features are overrepresented in endophytic fungi genomes in order to undercover the genomic underpinning of the fungal endophytic lifestyle. Here we compared metabolic gene cluster and mycoparasitism gene diversity across a dataset of thirty-eight Trichoderma genomes representing the full breadth of environmental Trichoderma’s diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes. We generated four new Trichoderma endophyticum genomes to improve the sampling of endophytic isolates from this genus. As predicted, endophytic Trichoderma genomes contained, on average, more total biosynthetic and degradative gene clusters than non-endophytic isolates, suggesting that the ability to create/modify a diversity of metabolites potential is beneficial or necessary to the endophytic fungi. Still, once the phylogenetic signal was taken in consideration, no particular class of metabolic gene cluster was independently associated with the Trichoderma endophytic lifestyle. Several mycoparasitism genes, but no chitinase genes, were associated with endophytic Trichoderma genomes. Most genomic differences between Trichoderma lifestyles and nutritional modes are difficult to disentangle from phylogenetic divergences among species, suggesting that Trichoderma genomes maybe particularly well-equipped for lifestyle plasticity. We also consider the role of endophytism in diversifying secondary metabolism after identifying the horizontal transfer of the ergot alkaloid gene cluster to Trichoderma.
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Xiao, Chenwen, Lin Li, Yan Liu, Yee Huang, Yanli Wang, Jiaoyu Wang, Guolian Bao, Guochang Sun und Fucheng Lin. „Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Trichoderma taxi and Its Metabolite on Trichophyton mentagrophyte“. Journal of Fungi 8, Nr. 10 (25.09.2022): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101006.
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an important zoonotic dermatophyte, which seriously harms the skin of humans and animals. Chemical drugs are generally used for the prevention and treatment of the disease caused by T. mentagrophytes. Discovering new compounds from natural products is an important approach for new drug development. Trichoderma includes a variety of fungal species used for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, the antifungal effects of Trichoderma and their metabolites on zoonotic fungal pathogens are largely unknown. Here, the effect of trichodermin, a metabolite derived from the plant endophytic fungus Trichoderma taxi, on T. mentagrophytes was examined, and the underlying mechanism was explored. T. mentagrophytes growth was suppressed significantly by trichodermin and completely inhibited under 1000 μg/mL trichodermin. The production and germination of T. mentagrophytes spores were remarkably reduced upon exposure to trichodermin, in comparison with control samples. Treatment of lesions caused by T. mentagrophytes on the rabbit skin with 1 mg/mL trichodermin prompted the healing process significantly; however, 20 mg/mL trichodermin was likely toxic to the skin. Under trichodermin treatment, the number of mitochondria in T. mentagrophytes increased significantly, while a few mitochondria-related genes decreased, indicating possible mitochondrial damage. In transcriptome analysis, the GO terms enriched by DEGs in the trichodermin-treated group included carbohydrate metabolic process, integral component of membrane, intrinsic component of membrane, and carbohydrate binding, while the enriched KEGG pathways comprised biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and carbon metabolism. By comparing the wild type and a gene deletion strain of T. mentagrophytes, we found that CDR1, an ABC transporter encoding gene, was involved in T. mentagrophytes sensitivity to trichodermin.
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Wibawa, Faizal Surya, Eny Rokhminarsi und Ni Wayan Anik Leana. „Pengaruh pemberian campuran mikoriza-Trichoderma sp. Dan pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap penyimpanan umbi bawang merah“. Jurnal AGRO 10, Nr. 1 (31.07.2023): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/24245.
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Shallot storage is very important for the availability throughout the year. The use of mixed bio-fertilizers Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma sp. combined with reduced doses of NPK fertilizer is expected to increase the shelf-life of shallot bulbs. The study used a two-factorial Completely Randomized Block Design with the first factor was mycorrhizae-Trichodermasp. biofertilizer, and second factor was reduced NPK fertilizer applied during the cultivation stage. Storage research was carried out for 60 days to determine the dosage of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp., the dose of NPK fertilizer, and the combination of doses of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp. and the best NPK fertilizer for shallot storage. The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp. affected the volume, shelf-life, and color of shallot bulbs. Reducing the doses of NPK fertilizer affected the color of the tubers. The interaction between the application of mycorrhiza-Trichoderma sp. and reduced doses of NPK fertilizer affected weight loss, diameter, aroma, and rotten tubers damage. The best combination to reduce tuber weight loss and rotten tubers damage is by giving 15g of mycorrhiza : 15g of Trichoderma sp. and a 25% reduction in NPK fertilizer doses. The best combination to increase tuber diameter is by giving 5g mycorrhiza : 5g Trichoderma sp. and 0% reduction of NPK fertilizer doses. The best combination to increase the aroma of tubers is by giving 15g mycorrhiza : 15g Trichoderma sp. and 0% reduction of NPK fertilizer doses.ABSTRAKPenyimpanan bawang merah sangat penting untuk memenuhi ketersediaan sepanjang tahun. Penggunaan pupuk hayati campuran Mikoriza dan Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK diharapkan mampu menambah daya simpan umbi bawang merah. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dua faktor yaitu pupuk hayati Mikoriza-Trichoderma sp., dan pengurangan pupuk NPK yang diaplikasikan ketika tahap budidaya. Penyimpanan dilakukan selama 60 hari dengan tujuan untuk menentukan pemberian dosis pupuk mikoriza-Trichoderma sp., dosis pupuk NPK, maupun kombinasinya yang terbaik untuk penyimpanan bawang merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza-Trichoderma sp. memengaruhi volume, umur simpan, dan warna umbi bawang merah. Pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK memengaruhi warna umbi. Interaksi antara aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza-Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK memengaruhi susut bobot, diameter, aroma, dan kerusakan umbi busuk. Kombinasi terbaik untuk mengurangi susut bobot umbi dan kerusakan umbi busuk adalah pemberian 15g mikoriza : 15g Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan 25% dosis pupuk NPK. Kombinasi terbaik untuk meningkatkan diameter umbi adalah pemberian 5g mikoriza : 5g Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan 0% dosis pupuk NPK. Kombinasi terbaik untuk meningkatkan aroma umbi adalah pemberian 15g mikoriza : 15g Trichoderma sp. dan pengurangan 0% dosis pupuk NPK.
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Silva, Veronica Nogueira da, Sylvia Dias Guzzo, Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon und Ricardo Harakava. „Promoção de crescimento e indução de resistência à antracnose por Trichoderma spp. em pepineiro“. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2011): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011001200005.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de 60 isolados de Trichoderma e do produto Trichodermil na promoção do crescimento e na indução de resistência sistêmica à antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum lagenarium em pepineiro, além de identificar as espécies dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. efetivas como indutores de resistência. Nos experimentos de promoção de crescimento, os isolados de Trichoderma spp. foram submetidos à inoculação no substrato e, após 21 dias, a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas foi mensurada. Nos experimentos de indução de resistência, os isolados que promoveram crescimento foram introduzidos no substrato, na base das plantas, sete dias antes da inoculação de C. lagenarium nas folhas. O isolado que apresentou melhor desempenho foi avaliado quanto à redução dos sintomas de antracnose, em aplicações aos 3, 7 ou 14 dias antes da inoculação do patógeno, e quanto à capacidade de aumentar a atividade de peroxidase. Dezenove isolados e o Trichodermil promoveram o crescimento de pepineiro em até 100% e conferiram proteção à antracnose em até 88,39%. O isolado IB 31/06 reduziu a severidade da doença nos intervalos de tempo avaliados. Não foi observado aumento significativo de peroxidase, sete dias após o tratamento com IB 31/06, nas plantas tratadas e infectadas com o patógeno, em comparação às plantas infectadas. O sequenciamento gênico dos dezenove isolados permitiu a identificação de sete espécies distintas de Trichoderma.
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Rajeswari, P., und R. Kapoor. „Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L“. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 7, Nr. 2 (13.01.2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v7i2.35320.
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Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017
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Rodríguez-González, Álvaro, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Marcos Guerra, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Alejandra Juana Porteous-Álvarez, Alicia Lorenzana, María Piedad Campelo, Alexia Fernández-Marcos, Pedro Antonio Casquero und Santiago Gutiérrez. „Spores of Trichoderma Strains over P. vulgaris Beans: Direct Effect on Insect Attacks and Indirect Effect on Agronomic Parameters“. Insects 13, Nr. 12 (25.11.2022): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121086.
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Acanthoscelides obtectus is an insect pest that attacks wild and cultivated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Four Trichoderma strains, the T. arundinaceum IBT 40837 wild-type strain (=Ta37), a producer of trichothecene harzianum A (HA), two transformants of T. arundinaceum strain, Ta37-17.139 (=Δtri17) and Ta37-23.74 (=Δtri23), and the T. brevicompactum IBT 40841 wild-type strain (=Tb41), which produces the trichothecene trichodermin, were assessed to establish their direct effect on insect attacks and their indirect effect on the plants grown from the beans treated with those fungal strains and exposed to insect attacks. Treatments of bean seeds with different Trichoderma strains led to different survival rates in the insects, and the Tb41 strain caused the lowest survival rate of all. An 86.10% of the insect cadavers (in contact with Δtri23) showed growth of this strain. This was the treatment that attracted the greatest number of insects. The daily emergence was reduced in beans treated with the Ta37, Tb41, and Δtri17 strains. The undamaged beans treated with Ta37 and Δtri23 showed a high capacity of germination (80.00% and 75.00%, respectively), whereas the Δtri17 and Tb41 treatments increased the capacity of germination in the damaged beans (66.67%). The undamaged beans treated with Δtri23 had the greatest dry weights for the aerial part (4.22 g) and root system in the plants (0.62 g). More studies on the mechanisms of insect control, plant growth promotion, and trichodermol and trichodermin production by Δtri23 and Tb41, respectively, should be explored in order to commercialize these fungal species on a large scale.
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Kwak, Yunyoung. „An Update on Trichoderma Mitogenomes: Complete De Novo Mitochondrial Genome of the Fungal Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes), an Ex-Neotype Strain CBS 226.95, and Tracing the Evolutionary Divergences of Mitogenomes in Trichoderma“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 8 (23.07.2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081564.
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Members of the genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales), widely used as biofungicides, biofertilizers, and as model fungi for the industrial production of CAZymes, have actively been studied for the applications of their biological functions. Recently, the study of the nuclear genomes of Trichoderma has expanded in the directions of adaptation and evolution to gain a better understanding of their ecological traits. However, Trichoderma’s mitochondria have received much less attention despite mitochondria being the most necessary element for sustaining cell life. In this study, a mitogenome of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum CBS 226.95 was assembled de novo. A 27,632 bp circular DNA molecule was revealed with specific features, such as the intronless of all core PCGs, one homing endonuclease, and a putative overlapping tRNA, on a closer phylogenetic relationship with T. reesei among hypocrealean fungi. Interestingly, the mitogenome of T. harzianum CBS 226.95 was predicted to have evolved earlier than those of other Trichoderma species and also assumed with a selection pressure in the cox3. Considering the bioavailability, both for the ex-neotype strain of the T. harzianum species complex and the most globally representative commercial fungal biocontrol agent, our results on the T. harzianum CBS 226.95 mitogenome provide crucial information which will be helpful criteria in future studies on Trichoderma.
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Brotman, Yariv, J. Gupta Kapuganti und Ada Viterbo. „Trichoderma“. Current Biology 20, Nr. 9 (Mai 2010): R390—R391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.042.
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Chou, Hao, Yi-Ting Xiao, Jyh-Nong Tsai, Ting-Ting Li, Hung-Yi Wu, Li-yu D. Liu, Der-Syh Tzeng und Chia-Lin Chung. „In Vitro and in Planta Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum TA as a Biocontrol Agent Against Phellinus noxius, the Cause of Brown Root Rot Disease of Trees“. Plant Disease 103, Nr. 11 (November 2019): 2733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-19-0179-re.
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Brown root rot (BRR), caused by the white rot fungus Phellinus noxius, is an epidemic disease of diverse broadleaved and coniferous tree species in many tropical and subtropical regions. Flooding and trenching control measures are difficult to implement, and chemical controls can have an adverse impact on ecosystems. Previous studies have provided in vitro evidence for the potential use of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of BRR. Here, we analyzed the in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitic abilities of four Trichoderma spp. isolates against four P. noxius isolates in dual culture and Ficus microcarpa wood blocks. A convenient inoculation system based on root inoculation of a highly susceptible loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) with P. noxius-colonized wheat-oat grains was developed to examine the effect of Trichoderma treatment in planta. Preventive application of Trichoderma asperellum TA, the isolate showing high antagonistic activity in vitro, was effective in preventing and delaying the wilting of P. noxius-inoculated loquat cuttings in greenhouse trials. To understand the specific niche in which T. asperellum TA interacts with P. noxius, KOH-aniline blue fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the colonization of loquat roots by P. noxius and/or T. asperellum TA. Dilution plating assays were also conducted to quantify Trichoderma populations in the rhizosphere and potting mix. T. asperellum TA was able to robustly establish in the rhizosphere and potting mix but with scarce root penetration limited to the superficial layer. We discuss the timing and strategy for applying antagonistic Trichodema sp. on living trees or in BRR-infested areas for BRR management.
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Barúa, Javier E., Mercedes de la Cruz, Nuria de Pedro, Bastien Cautain, Rosa Hermosa, Rosa E. Cardoza, Santiago Gutiérrez, Enrique Monte, Francisca Vicente und Isidro G. Collado. „Synthesis of Trichodermin Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities“. Molecules 24, Nr. 20 (22.10.2019): 3811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203811.
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Trichothecene mycotoxins are recognized as highly bioactive compounds that can be used in the design of new useful bioactive molecules. In Trichoderma brevicompactum, the first specific step in trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cyclase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene and is encoded by the tri5 gene. Overexpression of tri5 resulted in increased levels of trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin, which is a valuable tool in preparing new molecules with a trichothecene skeleton. In this work, we developed the hemisynthesis of trichodermin and trichodermol derivatives in order to evaluate their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and to study the chemo-modulation of their bioactivity. Some derivatives with a short chain at the C-4 position displayed selective antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and they showed MIC values similar to those displayed by trichodermin. It is important to highlight the cytotoxic selectivity observed for compounds 9, 13, and 15, which presented average IC50 values of 2 μg/mL and were cytotoxic against tumorigenic cell line MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and not against Fa2N4 (non-tumoral immortalized human hepatocytes).
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Nurdin, Dahlia, Muhlis Yamin und Iinnaninengseh Iinnaninengseh. „UJI EFEKTIFITAS CENDAWA TRICHODERMA SP TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa).“ Jurnal Agroterpadu 1, Nr. 2 (12.11.2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/ja.v1i2.3167.
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Kunyit merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak diminati melalui sarana industri obat konvensional . Kunyit adalah tanaman dari organisasi Zingiberaceae berbentuk semak dan bersifat abadi yang tumbuh di daerah tropis. Rendahnya produksi kunyit menyebabkan berkurangnya kesuburan tanah akibat penggunaan pupuk kimia yang terus menerus dapat menjelaskan lingkungan termasuk meninggalkan residu . di tanah Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di Btn Lino Maloga Kelurahan Darma, kabupaten polewali mandar provinsi Sulawesi barat dari bulan april 2021 sampai juli 2021.bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian dosis Trichodema sp Tentang pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kunyit. Metode survey yang digunakan dalam survey ini adalah design acak kelompok (RAK) yaitu pemberian dosis Trichoderma sp terdiri dari 6 perlakuan T0 :0 gram/tanaman (Kontrol) T1 : 20 gram / tanaman T2 : 40 gram / tanaman T3 : 60 gram / tanaman T4 : 80 gram/ tanaman T5 : 100 gram/ tanaman. dengan demikian dalam penelitian ini terdapat 6 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga terdapat 24 unit penelitian dan setiap perlakuan terdapat 4 tanaman sehingga jumlah tanaman yang digunakan adalah 96 tanaman. hasil pengamatan dan analisis data statistic menunjukkan bahwa terjadi efektivitas pemberian dosis jamur Trichoderma sp, pada semua prameter. namun pada Parameter Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun menunjukkan pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap perlakuan Trichodema sp dengan dosis 100 gram pertanaman (5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis cendawan Trichoderma sp memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap semua parameter yang diamati Kata Kunci : Bahan Organik, pertumbuhan, produksi kunyit.
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Wati, Henny Diana, Ismawati Ismawati und Ida Ekawati. „Pemberdayaan Petani Bawang Merah Melalui Penerapan Trichoderma Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi“. Jurnal ABDIRAJA 7, Nr. 1 (12.03.2024): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/adr.v7i1.3090.
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Penyebab menurunnya produktivitas bawang merah di Desa Mandala Kecamatan Rubaru Kabupaten Sumenep salah satunya disebabkan tanaman terserang penyakit moler atau layu fusarium. Penyakit ini dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan juga menurunkan produksi bawang merah secara signifikan. Kelompok Tani Jaya Mulya merupakan petani bawang merah yang masih minim pengetahuan tentang pengendalian hayati. Pengendalian yang dilaksanakan selama ini menggunakan pengendalian secara kimiawi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan edukasi mengenai alternatif pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan dengan pemanfaatan agensia hayati Trichoderma sp sebagai biopestisida. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, kemampuan dan juga megenai cara aplikasi pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan. Metode pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh tim PkM adalah tahap sosialisasi yang dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan, pelatihan tentang pembuatan perbanyakan trichoderma sp melalui media jagung giling. Serta pendampingan pembuatan biopestisida cair yang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik dari agen hayati trichoderma sp yang kemudian diaplikasikan pada tanaman bawang merah. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan petani dalam memperbanyak biakan trichodema sp secara padat, dan pembuatan pupuk organik cair yang dapat juga dijadikan biopestisida yang ramah lingkungan Berdasarkan hasil yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan PKM ini mencakup perbanyakan biakan trichoderma sp, pupuk organik cair, dan pestisida nabati (biopestisida) yang diproduksi secara bersama oleh peserta. Selain itu, kegiatan pengabdian ini juga meningkatkan minat dan motivasi para petani bawang merah untuk mengembangkan sendiri alternatif pupuk organik yang cocok dengan kebutuhan mereka.
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Kurmi, Swarna, Sanjeev Kumar, Sanjay Kharte und Rahul Patidar. „Evaluation of Bioagents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi Causing Wilt Disease in Pea“. Environment and Ecology 41, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2023): 2274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/eiua4469.
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In this study, in vitro potential of six selected species of Trichoderma, including Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma ressei and Trichoderma asperellum as well as the of two bacterial isolates Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi causing wilt of pea. Trichoderma virens recorded maximum percent growth inhibition (81.97%). In volatile compounds percent growth inhibition 86.80 % was recorded highest in Trichoderma harzianum and percent growth inhibition in non-volatile compound will increase as concentration of bioagents increases and 100% growth inhibition was recorded in Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum and in Trichoderma ressei at 15% concentration.
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KUHLS, K., E. LIECKFELDT, T. BORNER und E. GUEHO. „Molecular reidentification of human pathogenic Trichoderma isolates as Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma citrinoviride“. Medical Mycology 37, Nr. 1 (Februar 1999): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-280x.1999.00197.x.
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KUHLS, K., E. LIECKFELDT, T. BÖRNER und E. GUÉHO. „Molecular reidentification of human pathogenic Trichoderma isolates as Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma citrinoviride“. Medical Mycology 37, Nr. 1 (18.07.2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-280x.1999.00197.x.
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Bhojani, Rishit, und Hemangi Kapadiya. „Antagonistic Activity of Some Trichoderma Species against Macrophomina phaseolina causing Okra Root Rot“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 2 (10.02.2022): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.026.
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Antagonistic activity of some Trichoderma species viz., Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma gliocladium, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro condition by dual culture technique. Among seven different antagonists tested against M. phaseolinain vitro, Trichoderma asperellum expressed significantly maximum growth inhibition (70.04%) followed by T. hamatum (54.81%), T. gliocladium (28.15%), T. koningii (23.70%), T. harzianum (22.96%), T. virens (22.22%) and T. viride (0.74%), respectively.
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Journal, Admin. „PERAN AGEN HAYATI ASAL RIZOSFER DAN ENDOFIT MENEKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK SKLEROTIUM ROLFSII BAWANG DAUN DI MEDIA GAMBUT (Role of Rhizosphere and Endophytes Biological Agents to Supress Sclerotium rolfsii Rot Disease on Scallions in the Peat Media)“. AgriPeat 19, Nr. 02 (02.10.2019): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/agp.v19i02.159.
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ABSTRACTThe Sclerotium Rot Disease is highly destructive to the scallions cultivation in the peat soil. Theantagonistic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere and the endophytes of healthy plants, have beenproven to be able to reduce Sclerotium rolfsii. The aim of this study was to evaluate thecharacteristics of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophytes of Scallions to S. rolfsii in- vitro in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was also to perform the suppression test on theintensity of Sclerotium rolfsiiRot Disease in planta in the peat media in the screen house. Thisresearch it was shown that genus Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillusas antagonistic fungi, wereidentified from the endophytes, meanwhile genus Trichoderma, Penicillium dan Aspergillus sp. were identified from the rhizosphere. Trichoderma Rz-1 and Trichoderma Rz-3 isolated from therhizosphere was shown to have the highest antagonistic activity by 94,4 %, followed by AspergillusEd-2, which was isolated from the endophytes by 83,8%. In planta on peat media, TrichodermaRz-1 was capable to demonstrate 82,19% of antagonistic effect and it could suppress SclerotiumRot Diseasehence it produced the fresh weight of the plant highest to 19gcluster-1. Taken together,the result of this study showed that Trichoderma Rz-1 isolated from rhizosphere has been proven tobe the most beneficial to reduce the Sclerotium rolfsii on Scallions as a biological control agent,especially in peat soils.Keywords: biocontrol, rhizosphere,endophyte, scallions, Sclerotium rolfsii
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Lee, Ching-Fu, und Tzong-Hsiung Hseu. „Genetic relatedness of Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium species based on molecular approaches“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, Nr. 9 (01.09.2002): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-081.
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Molecular approaches including internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA, universal primer polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) fingerprinting, and DNADNA hybridization were used to study the genetic relatedness of species within Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium. In the analysis of ITS and 5.8S sequences of ribosomal DNA, parsimony analysis demonstrated that forty-one strains were distributed into five main groups supported by high bootstrap values. The species of Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium were clustered into groups I, II, and IV, with the strains of Trichoderma fasculatum and Trichoderma strictipile forming a separate branch, an independent group V. Some species within each group showed nearly identical sequence differences (fewer than 13 bp). UP-PCR and DNADNA hybridization were further used to clarify the genetic relatedness of these species with highly similar ITS sequences. Highly similar or identical UP-PCR profiles and high values of DNA complementarity (>70%) were observed among some species, Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma pubescens; Trichoderma croceum,Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma album; Trichoderma crassum and Trichoderma flavofuscum; and Trichoderma strictipile and Trichoderma fasciculatum. Although every species can be differentiated morphologically, the species showed highly similar molecular characteristics in the above cases, indicating that they could be conspecific. However, in some cases (Trichoderma longipile, T. crassum and T. flavofuscum; Trichoderma fertile and Trichoderma minutisporum; Trichoderma tomentosum, Trichoderma inhamatum and Trichoderma harzianum) there were discriminative patterns of UP-PCR and (or) low levels (<50%) of DNADNA hybridization; even their ITS sequences were similar, suggesting a closely phylogenetic relationship.Key words: fingerprinting, ITS sequencing, DNADNA hybridization, taxonomy, Trichoderma.
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Bissett, John, George Szakacs, Carol Ann Nolan, Irina Druzhinina, Cornelia Gradinger und Christian P. Kubicek. „New species of Trichoderma from Asia“. Canadian Journal of Botany 81, Nr. 6 (01.06.2003): 570–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-051.
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Seven new species of Trichoderma, isolated from soil or tree bark from Siberia, Nepal, northern India, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, and Malaysia, are described based on morphological and physiological characters, and from their phylogenetic position inferred from parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA cluster (ITS1 and 2) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1α). Trichoderma sinensis sp. nov. and Trichoderma effusum sp. nov. are additions to Trichoderma section Longibrachiatum. Trichoderma helicum sp. nov., Trichoderma rossicum sp. nov., Trichoderma velutinum sp. nov., and Trichoderma cerinum sp. nov. are additions to section Pachybasium. Trichoderma erinaceum sp. nov. is described in section Trichoderma. The contribution of sequence data in resolving species in Trichoderma is demonstrated by Trichoderma helicum, which is morphologically indistinguishable from Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett, even though the two species are not phylogenetically closely related.Key words: Hypocrea, systematics, taxonomy, phylogeny.
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Schmoll, Monika. „Trichoderma reesei“. Trends in Microbiology 30, Nr. 4 (April 2022): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.008.
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Bissett, John. „Trichoderma atroviride“. Canadian Journal of Botany 70, Nr. 3 (01.03.1992): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-082.
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Hurmann, Eliéte Moura de Souza, Tayrine Mainko Hoblos Pozzobom und Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins. „Atividade antimicrobiana de Trichoderma viride e Trichoderma stromaticum“. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3, Nr. 2 (2020): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv3n2-015.
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Vajna, L. „Mutual parasitism between Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma pseudokoningii“. Journal of Phytopathology 113, Nr. 4 (August 1985): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1985.tb04829.x.
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Ahmad Shehu Kutama, Aliyu U., Zafar Sultan, Bashir Alabi Ali und Hadiza Murtala Musa. „In vitro Inhibitory Potential of Trichoderma Species on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum the Causal Organism of vascular wilt of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum l.) in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna“. UMYU Scientifica 1, Nr. 1 (30.09.2022): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.016.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory potential of three species of Trichoderma namely; Trichoderma asperelum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum (fov), the causal organism of vascular wilt in cotton. The experiment consisted of dual culture incubated at 250C + 10C on PDA, for 9 days. During the experiment, the three trichoderma species were obtained from the soil while the fusarium oxysporum isolate was obtained from IAR, Zaria, Nigeria. Antagonistic activity testing was determined using percentage inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum radial growth. The study's results revealed that all the three Trichoderma species tested in this experiment had significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of fov at different degrees compared with untreated control. The percentage inhibition ranged from 54% for Trichoderma. asperelum, 62.8% by Trichoderma viride to the highest being 75.6% and a mean of 45.50% due to Trichoderma harzianum. These results showed that Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective followed by Trichoderma viride and lastly Trichoderma asperellum. This suggest that there are some similarities between the three isolates of Trichoderma as all the three species could inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum but the best to be used as bio-control agent for vascular wilt of cotton caused by fov was Trichoderma harzianum pending further research.
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Rudresh, D. L., M. K. Shivaprakash und R. D. Prasad. „Tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of Trichoderma spp. in relation to P uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, Nr. 3 (01.03.2005): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-127.
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Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were investigated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in Pikovskaya's broth and were compared with an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Bacillus megaterium subsp. phospaticum PB that was used as the reference strain. All 9 Trichoderma isolates were found to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate to various extents. Trichoderma viride (TV 97) (9.03 µg·mL–1), Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 12) (9.0 µg·mL–1), and Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 13) (8.83 µg·mL–1) solubilized 70% of that solubilzed by the reference strain Bacillus megaterium (12.43 µg·mL–1). Pot culture and field evaluations with Trichoderma harzianum (PDBCTH 10), Trichoderma viride (TV 97), and Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 12) using chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 'Annegeri-1' as the test plant and rock phosphate as the phosphorus source showed significantly increased P uptake in plants treated with Trichoderma harzianum (PDBCTH 10) followed by Trichoderma virens (PDBCTVs 12) and Trichoderma viride (TV 97). Inoculation of Trichoderma spp. also showed increased growth and yield parameters of chickpea compared with the uninoculated controls under both glasshouse and field conditions.Key words: Cicer arietinum, nutrient uptake, phosphate solubilization, plant yield, Trichoderma spp.
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Elita, Nelson, Eka Susila, Agustamar Agustamar und Rizki Rizki. „Identifikasi Molekuler Trichoderma spp. Indigenous dari Rizosfer Beberapa Varietas Padi Asal Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh“. Agroteknika 5, Nr. 1 (06.01.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v5i1.114.
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Peranan mikroba meningkatkan hasil padi metode SRI beragam dipengaruhi jenis, kombinasi mikroorganisme, daya adaptasi, dan teknik aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi mikroba indigenous mampu meningkatkan hasil tanaman padi metode SRI. Jenis mikroba tanah jamur Trichoderma spp. umumnya banyak ditemukan merupakan jamur tanah biasanya ditemukan pada rizosfer tanaman, termasuk rizosfer tanaman padi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis Trichoderma spp. indigenous secara makroskopis dan molekuler asal rizosfer beberapa varietas padi di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi, isolasi dan karakterisasi. Eksplorasi Trichoderma spp. indigenous diambil dari tanah rizosfer padi di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh. Isolasi dan karakterisasi jamur Trichoderma spp. indigenous dilakukan di laboratorium Mikrobiologi Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh dan teknik molekuler dengan Amplifikasi PCR di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika di Solok. Hasil penelitian diperoleh isolat T1-KK (Kuriak Kuning), T2-PW (Pandan Wangi), T3- J (Junjuang) ketiganya asal Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, T4- S (Sokan), T5-KM (Ketan Merah), T6-SB (Siliah Baganti) asal Kota Payakumbuh. Hasil amplifikasi PCR diperoleh jenis isolat Trichoderma spp dari masing-masing isolat tersebut adalah T1-KK jenis jamur Trichoderma asperellum, T2-PW jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum, T3-J jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum, T4-S jenis jamur Thichoderma asperellum, T5-KM jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum, dan T6-SB jenis jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma asperellum.
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Król, Ewa. „Effectiveness of some microorganisms in the limitation of grapevine cuttings infection by Phomopsis viticola Sacc.“ Acta Agrobotanica 57, Nr. 1-2 (2013): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2004.011.
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The possibilities of using antagonistic fungi and bacteria in the limitation of grapevine stems infection by <i>Phomopsis viticola</i> Sacc. were studied. <i>Trichodema koningii</i> Oud., <i>T.viride</i> Persoon ex S.F.,<i>T.harzianum Rifai, Gliocladium catenulatum</i> Gilman and Abbott, <i>G.fimbriatum</i> Gilman and Abbott, Bacillus sp., <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and five unidentified isolates of bacteria i.e.: 22a, 35, 40, 45, 66 were estimated. It was appeared what <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. were the most effective in protection of grapevine stems against the infection by <i>P.viticola</i>. After these antagonistic fungi were used on protected grapevine canes not numerous necrosis were observed and few cultures of pathogen were reisolated from them. Moreover, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. survived on the grapevine stems during the period of experiment. The abilities of other microorganisms tested to protect grapevine cuttings against <i>P.viticola</i> infection and to exist on the stems were less than <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.
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Kumar, Jaygendra, Mukesh Kumar, Vaishali, Akash Tomar und Puspendra Kumar. „Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) Based Identification of Trichoderma Isolates and Biocontrol Activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Chitinase Activity“. Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, Nr. 4 (11.04.2024): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4813.
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Twelve Trichoderma spp. isolated from different locations in Uttar Pradesh, India. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplification and sequencing were used to identify isolates of Trichoderma that showed 99–100% identification with Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, the three species of Trichoderma. Tests were conducted in Vitro to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium species. After seven days of incubation, the isolate TBT6 (T. harzianum) exhibited the greatest antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum, with inhibition rates of 87.1%) by TBT7 (82.2%), and the least amount of inhibition (59.7%) by T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10. Under field conditions, the antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be employed as a bio-control agent against Fusarium oxysporum. and for the development of formulations based on Trichoderma. Using the dual plate approach, twelve highly antagonistic Trichoderma isolates were selected for chitinolytic activity. Observing the breakdown of chitin substrates, Trichoderma isolates TBT6 was shown to have strong chitinolytic enzyme activity, making it a good candidate for endochitinase gene isolation. Using two particular primers, the genomic DNA of the Trichoderma isolate TBT6 was isolated and amplified.
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Mahato, Sanjay, und Srijana Neupane. „Comparative study of impact of Azotobacter and Trichoderma with other fertilizers on maize growth“. Journal of Maize Research and Development 3, Nr. 1 (05.01.2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v3i1.18915.
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Biofertilizers may be a better eco-friendly option to maintain soil fertility. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azotobacter and Trichoderma on the vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The experiment was carried out in medium sized pots, at IAAS, Lamjung (Feb 2017 - May 2017) in completely randomized design (CRD), consisting eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were namely T1 (control), T2 (Azotobacter), T3 (Trichoderma), T4 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma), T5 (NPK), T6 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM), T7 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM + NPK), T8 (FYM). Azotobacter showed a positive increase in plant height, stem girth, dry shoot weight, root length and width, and root weight while Trichoderma displayed either negative or minimal impact. Effect of FYM was lower than Azotobacter but considerably higher than Trichoderma. Trichoderma seriously inhibited the expression of Azotobacter when used together. Trichoderma even suppressed the outcome (except shoot weight) of FYM when used together. Root length was the longest in Azotobacter inoculation. The highest number of leaves was in T7 followed by Azotobacter (T2) and NPK (T5). Unlike leaf width, Azotobacter showed a negligible increase in leaves length while Trichoderma wherever present showed the negative impact. Minimum chlorophyll content was found in Azotobacter or Trichoderma after 73 days. Azotobacter treatment showed early tasseling than Trichoderma. The association of Azotobacter and Trichoderma increased the biomass. Azotobacter has significant effects on growth parameters of maize and can supplement chemical fertilizer, while Trichoderma was found to inhibit most of the growth parameters.
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Puspita, Fifi, Muhammad Ali und Supriyadi Supriyadi. „Kompatibilitas dan Daya Hambat Konsorsium Trichoderma spp. Endofit terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Phytophthora palmivora“. Agrikultura 31, Nr. 2 (11.08.2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v31i2.26063.
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Phytophthora palmivora dapat menyebabkan penyakit busuk buah kakao yang menimbulkan kerugian secara ekonomi. Pengendalian yang dapat digunakan adalah penggunaan agens hayati Trichoderma. Penggunaan Trichoderma dalam pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara tunggal maupun secara konsorsium dengan berbagai jenis Trichoderma maupun mikroba lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas konsorsium Trichoderma spp. endofit dan memperoleh kombinasi isolat Trichoderma spp. endofit yang mempunyai daya hambat tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora secara in-vitro dan terhadap penyakit busuk buah kakao. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Riau pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2018. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimen dengan perlakuan T1= Trichoderma spp. endofit asal akar kelapa sawit (TR), T2= Trichoderma spp. endofit asal batang kelapa sawit (TS), T3= Trichoderma spp. endofit asal pelepah kelapa sawit (TP), T4= TR + TS, T5= TR + TP, T6= TS + TR, T7= TR + TS + TP, yang terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu: 1) uji kompatibilitas jamur Trichoderma spp. endofit, 2) uji daya hambat konsorsium Trichoderma spp. endofit dan 3) uji kemampuan konsorsium Trichoderma spp. endofit untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pada buah kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma endofit isolat TR-01, TS-02 dan TM-01 bersifat kompatibel sehingga dapat digabungkan. Kombinasi (TR-01+TS-02+TM-01) memiliki daya hambat yang tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora secara in-vitro yaitu 72,97%. Kombinasi isolat Trichoderma tersebut juga memiliki kemampuan terbaik untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pada buah kakao.
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Elita, Nelson, Eka Susila, Deliana Andam Sari und Ayu Kurnia Illahi. „Uji Peningkatan Perkecambahan dan Vigor Benih Padi Varietas Junjuang dengan Isolat Trichoderma spp. Indigenous“. Agrikultura 34, Nr. 3 (31.12.2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v34i3.45941.
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Budidaya padi dengan metode System of Rice Intensification (SRI) menggunakan bibit muda berumur 8-12 hari saat penanaman di lapangan. Bibit padi muda bermasalah ketika ditransplantasikan ke lapangan karena rentan kerusakan, penyakit dan stres lingkungan. Peningkatan kekuatan dan kesehatan kecambah padi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan mikroba Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) yaitu jamur Trichoderma spp. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenous yang memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan kualitas perkecambahan dan vigor benih padi verietas Junjuang. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan Trichoderma spp. yaitu T0 = kontrol, T1 = Trichoderma sp. asal rumpun varietas Ketan Merah, T2 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Pandan Wangi, T3 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Junjuang, T4 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Cisokan, T5 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Kuning Kuriak, dan T6 = Trichoderma sp. asal varietas Siliah Baganti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang tunas, berat tunas, panjang akar, berat varietas Junjuang lebih sesuai dengan benih varietas Junjuang. Aplikasi isolat Trichoderma spp. pada perkecambahan benih dapat meningkatkan daya kecambah benih dibandingkan dengan kontrol.
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Amaria, Widi, und Edi Wardiana. „Pengaruh Waktu Aplikasi dan Jenis Trichoderma terhadap Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Bibit Tanaman Karet“. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 1, Nr. 2 (01.07.2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p79-86.
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<p>Pemanfaatan agens hayati berupa jamur antagonis Trichoderma mempunyai peluang dalam mencegah maupun menekan serangan jamur akar putih (JAP) pada bibit tanaman karet. Oleh karena itu, Trichoderma dapat diaplikasikan sebelum maupun setelah infeksi patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui waktu aplikasi dan jenis Trichoderma yang efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit JAP pada bibit karet. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi, mulai bulan Mei sampai November 2013. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan acak kelompok faktorial dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dua waktu aplikasi Trichoderma (sebelum dan setelah infeksi patogen), faktor kedua adalah empat jenis Trichoderma (Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma amazonicum, dan Trichoderma atroviride). Di samping itu, digunakan petak kontrol (tanpa Trichoderma) untuk melihat efektif-tidaknya penggunaan Trichoderma. Bibit karet menggunakan klon AVROS 2037 hasil okulasi umur 3 bulan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi gejala penyakit JAP, masa inkubasi patogen, dan intensitas serangan JAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembibitan karet penggunaan agen hayati Trichoderma lebih efektif bila diaplikasikan sebelum ada infeksi patogen karena dapat memperpanjang masa inkubasi patogen dan menekan serangan JAP masing-masing 60,49 hari dan 78,36% dibandingkan kontrol, serta 51,62 hari dan 71,14% bila dibandingkan aplikasi setelah ada infeksi. Trichoderma yang diaplikasikan setelah infeksi patogen hanya efektif menekan serangan JAP sebesar 25% dibandingkan kontrol. T. virens dan T. amazonicum paling efektif bila diaplikasikan sebelum infeksi patogen, sedangkan apabila tanaman telah terinfeksi patogen maka dianjurkan menggunakan T. virens, T. amazonicum, atau T. atroviride.</p><p>Kata kunci: Karet, jamur akar putih, Trichoderma, intensitas serangan, masa inkubasi patogen</p><p>The utilization of biological agents such as fungal antagonist of Trichoderma has the opportunity to prevent and suppress the attacks of white root diseases (JAP) in rubber seedlings. Therefore, Trichoderma can be applied before or after pathogen infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the application time and Trichoderma types which effective in controlling white root fungi in rubber seedlings. The research was carried out in the Screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from May to November 2013. The randomized complete block design in factorial two factors and three replications was used in this study. The first factor: two times of Trichoderma application (one week before and after pathogen infections), whereas the second factor: four types of Trichoderma (Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma amazonicum, and Trichoderma atroviride). In addition, the control plot (without Trichoderma application) was also used to investigate the effectiveness of Trichoderma application. Rubber seedling used in this study was 3 months old AVROS 2037 clone that obtained from grafting. The variable observed were symptom of JAP diseases, pathogen incubations period, and attacks intensity of JAP. The results showed that the use of Trichoderma biological agents in rubber seedling more effective when applied before pathogen infection, because it can prolong the incubations period and suppress pathogenic attack of JAP at about 60.49 days and 78.36%, respectively compared to the controls, and 51.62 days and 71.14% compared to the application after pathogen infections. The application of Trichoderma after pathogen infections only effective to suppress JAP attacks at about 25% compared to the control. T. virens and T. amazonicum most effective when applied before pathogen infection, whereas if the plant has been infected with a pathogen, it is recommended to use T. virens, T. amazonicum, or T. atroviride.</p>
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Rachman, Nurul Ristanti, Abdul Manan und Sakhidin. „UJI KEMEMPANAN ISOLAT Trichoderma sp. TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR TOMAT“. Agro Wiralodra 3, Nr. 2 (31.07.2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v3i2.49.
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Nematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne sp.) merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya tomat. Pengendalian hayati dengan menggunakan mikroba antagonis Trichoderma sp. adalah alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui pengaruh empat isolat jamur Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasinya dalam menekan tingkat kerusakan akar pada tanaman tomat, 2) mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi empat isolat jamur Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasinya terhadap populasi nematoda puru akar tanaman tomat, 3) mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi empat isolat jamur Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasinya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat, 4) mengetahui pengaruh empat isolat jamur Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasinya terhadap kandungan senyawa fenol (saponin, tanin, dan glikosida). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai Juni 2014 di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL), dengan 16 perlakuan dan 4 ulang. Empat isolat Trichoderma sp. yang digunakan yaitu Trichoderma isolat jahe, Trichoderma isolat nanas, Trichoderma isolat pisang, dan Trichoderma isolat bawang merah dan kombinasinya serta nematisida dan kontrol. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tingkat kerusakan akar, populasi nematoda, kepadatan akhir Trichoderma sp., tinggi tanaman, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, bobot segar akar, bobot kering akar, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, dan analisis kandungan fenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian isolat Trichoderma sp. belum mampu menekan populasi nematoda serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat. Akan tetapi, pemberian isolat Trichoderma sp. dapat menekan tingkat kerusakan akar dan meningkatkan kandungan senyawa glikosida. Trichoderma isolat Jahe+Nanas+Pisang+Bawang merah adalah yang terbaik dalam menekan tingkat kerusakan akar.
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Xiong, Cai, Chen, Liang, Wen und Wang. „The Effects of Trichoderma Fungi on the Tunneling, Aggregation, and Colony-Initiation Preferences of Black-Winged Subterranean Termites, Odontotermes formosanus (Blattodea: Termitidae)“. Forests 10, Nr. 11 (13.11.2019): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111020.
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The black-winged subterranean termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a severe pest of plantations and forests in China. This termite cultures symbiotic Termitomyces in the fungal combs, which are challenged by antagonistic microbes such as Trichoderma fungi. In a previous study we showed that O. formosanus workers made significantly fewer tunnels in sand containing commercially formulated conidia of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries compared with untreated sand. Herein, we hypothesize that fungi in the genus Trichoderma exert repellent effects on O. formosanus. Different choice tests were conducted to evaluate the tunneling and aggregation behaviors of O. formosanus workers reacting to sand/soil containing the unformulated conidia of seven Trichoderma fungi (Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai, Trichoderma koningii Oud., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Trichoderma hamatum (Bon.) Bain, Trichoderma atroviride Karsten, Trichoderma spirale Indira and Kamala, and T. viride). We also investigated the colony-initiation preference of paired O. formosanus adults to soil treated with Trichoderma conidia (T. koningii or T. longibrachiatum) versus untreated soil. Tunneling-choice tests showed that sand containing conidia of nearly all Trichoderma fungi tested (except T. harzianum) significantly decreased tunneling activity in O. formosanus workers compared with untreated sand. Aggregation-choice test showed that T. koningii, T. atroviride and T. spirale repelled O. formosanus workers, whereas T. longibrachiatum and T. hamatum attracted termites. There was no significant difference in proportions of paired adults that stayed and laid eggs in the soil blocks treated with conidia of Trichoderma fungi and untreated ones. Our study showed that Trichoderma fungi generally repelled tunneling in O. formosanus, but may exert varied effects on aggregation preference by workers.
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Błaszczyk, Lidia, Aneta Basińska-Barczak, Hanna Ćwiek-Kupczyńska, Karolina Gromadzka, Delfina Popiel und Łukasz Stępień. „Suppressive Effect of Trichoderma spp. on Toxigenic Fusarium Species“. Polish Journal of Microbiology 66, Nr. 1 (30.03.2017): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1234996.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the abilities of twenty-four isolates belonging to ten different Trichoderma species (i.e., Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma cremeum, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma longipile, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma viridescens) to inhibit the mycelial growth and mycotoxin production by five Fusarium strains (i.e., Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium cerealis, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium temperatum). Dual-culture bioassay on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium clearly documented that all of the Trichoderma strains used in the study were capable of influencing the mycelial growth of at least four of all five Fusarium species on the fourth day after co-inoculation, when there was the first apparent physical contact between antagonist and pathogen. The qualitative evaluation of the interaction between the colonies after 14 days of co-culturing on PDA medium showed that ten Trichoderma strains completely overgrew and sporulated on the colony at least one of the tested Fusarium species. Whereas, the microscopic assay provided evidence that only T. atroviride AN240 and T. viride AN255 formed dense coils around the hyphae of the pathogen from where penetration took place. Of all screened Trichoderma strains, T. atroviride AN240 was also found to be the most efficient (69–100% toxin reduction) suppressors of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, beauvericin, moniliformin) production by all five Fusarium species on solid substrates. This research suggests that T. atroviride AN240 can be a promising candidate for the biological control of toxigenic Fusarium species.
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Arsyadmunir, Ahmad, Gita Pawana, Kaswan Badami, Nuriatus Sholikhah und Yenny Wuryandari. „Effect of biopolymer composition on the viability of Trichoderma sp. as maize-seed coating“. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 16, Nr. 1 (27.01.2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v16i1.16950.
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Trichoderma spp., is a fungus with the ability to control disease and promote plant growth. The mechanism is through the activity of microparasites, antimicrobial secondary metabolites, phytohormones and mobilization of plant nutrients for plant growth and production. The purpose of this study was to examine the biopolymer composition as a seedcoating formula on corn seeds with Trichoderma as the active ingredient, namely to obtain a biopolymer composition that is able to maintain viability and inactivate Trichoderma during storage. Completely randomized design was used with a single treatment factor for the composition of the formula, i.e.; K1 is control 1 (suspension of conidia Trichoderma sp.); K2 is xanthan gum 2.5% + Na alginate 2.5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K3 is xanthan gum 5% + Na alginate 5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K4 is xanthan gum 2.5% + CMC 2.5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K5 is xanthan gum 5% + CMC 5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K6 is Na alginate 2.5% + CMC 2.5% + Trichoderma sp. conidia suspension. + talk; K7 is Na alginate 5% + CMC 5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K8 is control 2 (suspension of conidia Trichoderma sp. + Talc). The results obtained showed that the composition of the seedcoating formula consisting of 5% xanthan gum + 5% Na alginate + Trichoderma conidia suspension + talc up to 60 days after application of seedcoting on seeds could inactivate Trichoderma reproduction, but could not suppress the decrease in viability.
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Akomah-Abadaike, O. N., K. F. Onuoha und S. U. Agi. „Mycoremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon contaminated anoxic ecosystem by <i>Trichoderma</i> species in synergy with <i>Bacillus</i> species“. Scientia Africana 23, Nr. 1 (30.03.2024): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i1.4.
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Fungi-base remediation is a cheap, effective and ecofriendly procedure for the cleanup of crude oil contaminated ecosystem. The study investigated the reduction of lag in crude oil degradation by Trichoderma in synergy with Bacillus in biofilm mode Sediment samples were collected from Bodo Ogoni River State using random stratified method.at depth 0 – 15 cm and 15 – 30 cm. The experimental setup consists of consortium of 1 % and 50 % crude oil (bonny light) with Trichoderma inoculum alone and/or Trichoderma and Bacillus inoculum for sixty (60) days. Microbiological test, Biochemical test, Physiochemical test (pH, conductivity) salt (nitrate, phosphate, sulphate) metal (lead, nickel, chromium, vanadium, iron) and total petroleum hydrocarbon and polyaromatic hydrocarbon using Gas chromatography flame ionization detector. Trichoderma koningopsis strain (MT111912.1): accession no (ON564694) and Bacillus velezensis strain (ON287164.1) accession no. (ON584354) were molecularly identified. 1 % crude oil Trichoderma only setup recorded 33.3 % reduction of PAHs while Trichoderma and Bacillus 1 % crude oil setup recorded 78.8 %. The 50 % crude oil Trichoderma only setup recorded 57.5 % reduction of PAHs while Trichoderma and Bacillus 50 % crude oil setup recorded 90.8 %. For TPH 1 % crude oil Trichoderma only setup recorded 29.9 % reduction while Trichoderma and Bacillus recorded 71.9 %. The 50 % crude oil Trichoderma only setup recorded 49.2 % reduction of while Trichoderma and Bacillus 50 % crude oil setup recorded 85.8 %. The study revealed that Trichoderma species can degrade polyaromatic hydrocarbon and total petroleum hydrocarbon faster in synergy with Bacillus.
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Aribowo, Sandi Sutopo, Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono und Nies Suci Mulyani. „Aktivitas Trichoderma viride Fncc6013 dalam Menghidrolisis Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa Paradisiaca L. Var. Sapientum) dengan Variasi Waktu Fermentasi“. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 15, Nr. 2 (01.08.2012): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.15.2.53-57.
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Trichoderma viride merupakan jamur selulolitik yang menghasilkan enzim kompleks selulase yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan kimia dari selulosa menjadi glukosa. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride dipengaruhi oleh waktu fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang telah diadaptasikan pada media fermentasi kulit pisang raja dan memperoleh data kadar gula pereduksi dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja pada variasi waktu fermentasi. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari delignifikasi kulit pisang raja, sterilisasi alat dan bahan, pembuatan media fermentasi, peremajaan jamur Trichoderma viride, dan uji aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja dengan variasi waktu fermentasi. Trichoderma viride dapat tumbuh pada media fermentasi kulit pisang raja. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja optimum pada waktu fermentasi hari ke-7 dengan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 41,40 mg/L