Thematische Bibliographien / Tribal and non tribal farmers

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Tribal and non tribal farmers“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Tribal and non tribal farmers"

Bora, Pallabi, Pallabi Das und Ranjita Goswami. „Adoption behaviour of tribal and non-tribal paddy growers“. Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 34, Nr. 1 (25.12.2022): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.34.1.0017.

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Baksa district of Assam is bestowed with rich soil and suitable climate that favours the growth of paddy cultivation. Although a sizeable portion of rural community is engaged in paddy farming, yet the production is not satisfactory which might be due to traditional method of cultivation. As the district is tribal dominated, therefore, the study strives to explore the adoption behaviour of both tribal and non- tribal paddy growers. A total of 101 respondents (59 non-tribal and 42 tribal farmers) were considered as the final sample by proportionate random sampling method. The findings revealed that above sixty five percent of total farmers had overall medium adoption level. However, (52.54%) of non- tribal and 69.04 per cent tribal farmers exhibited medium level of adoption. The “t value” was found to be significant. Factors such as annual income and occupational status of the farmers had a positive and significant association with the extent of adoption. Further, these significant and nearly significant variables were taken for Tobit analysis to find the influence of these factors on extent of adoption, where none of the factors showed a positive and significant contribution towards adoption process.

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Goswami, Ranjita. „Preferences on Indigenous and High Yielding Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Tribal and Non-Tribal farmers of Assam“. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, Nr. 5 (01.12.2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/dec_spl/30-34.

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Assam occupies a special place in the rice production and a home to many indigenous varieties of rice. The production and productivity of the Indigenous varieties are much less than the HYVs but some farmers still prefer growing indigenous rice along with HYVs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the distribution pattern of Indigenous and High Yielding varieties of rice and to enumerate the farmer’s preferences to Indigenous and High Yielding varieties of rice in Baksa district of Assam. A total of 160 numbers of both Tribal and Non-tribal farmers were selected for the study. The data were collected by means of personal interview schedule. Statistical tools employed to analyze the data included frequency, percentage, Mean and Standard Deviation. To know the distribution pattern of both Indigenous and High Yielding varieties of rice, two major areas viz. Area distribution and Varietal distribution were identifi ed. The fi ndings revealed that non-tribal farmers cultivated HYVs in 68.13 per cent area and tribal farmers cultivated in 31.87 per cent area. But in case of Indigenous varieties non-tribal farmers cultivated in 44.93 per cent and tribal farmers cultivated in 55.07 per cent area. The major HYV varieties grown by the non-tribal farmers were Masuri, Ranjit, Moniram and varieties grown by tribal are Ranjit, Bahadur and Masuri. The indigenous varieties grown by the non-tribal farmers mostly Nolbonni, Ballam Joha, Moinagiri and varieties grown by tribal are Phulpakhri, Tanagaguri, Parochokua bonni. Further, A comparative assessment of the preferences of both Indigenous and High yielding variety rice growers was performed and it was observed that tribal farmers preferred indigenous rice varieties because of their taste, cooking quality etc, and preferred HYVs because of yield, market demand etc. But nontribal farmers preferred indigenous varieties because of their traditional delicacies, taste etc, and showed preference to HYVs because of cooking quality, market demand etc.

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Reddy, A. Amarender, Sandra Ricart und Tim Cadman. „Tribal and Non-Tribal Farmers’ Land Rights and Food Security Promotion in Telangana“. South Asia Research 40, Nr. 1 (31.01.2020): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728019894753.

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This article examines and compares the status of land rights and their impacts on agricultural productivity, food security and well-being in a set of tribal and non-tribal villages in Telangana. Based on an intensive field survey, the research confirms that tribals without formal land rights remain largely unable to benefit from government support and access to private institutions in terms of getting credit and farm extension, whereas in non-tribal villages, government organisations are pro-active in providing such support. These findings confirm the need to increase the effectiveness of land rights and title documentation in India’s tribal villages to protect local people’s investments in land, enhance agricultural productivity and strengthen the long-term effectiveness of government programmes, which include avoidance of migration to the big cities.

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Jangir, Surbhi, B. S. Badhala und Saurabh Pandey. „KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL FARMERS ABOUT IMPROVED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF AJWAIN“. Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 36, Nr. 2 (25.12.2023): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2023.36.2.0024.

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The present study which was conducted to find out the difference in the knowledge levels of the tribal and non tribal farmers of Rajasthan about improved production technology of Ajwain. 130 respondents (65 tribal and 65 no tribal farmers) were selected randomly. Data was collected using interview schedules. From the study it was concluded that majority of tribal and non tribal framers had medium knowledge level about improved production technology of Ajwain. More number of non tribal famers had higher knowledge level as compared to tribal farmers. It was found that the tribal farmers possessed maximum knowledge regarding “Harvesting” (81.54 MPS) and least knowledge regarding “Fertilizer application” (54.36 MPS) of improved production technology of Ajwain. While, non-tribal farmers possessed maximum knowledge regarding “Time of sowing” (91.15 MPS), and least knowledge regarding “Plant protection measures” (61.31 MPS) of improved production technology of Ajwain.

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Jangir, Surbhi. „Extent of Adoption of Improved Production Technology of Ajwain by Tribal and Non-Tribal Farmers of Rajasthan“. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, Nr. 5 (01.12.2022): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/dec_spl/307-309.

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The present study was conducted to fi nd out the diff erence in extent of adoption of improved production technology of Ajwain between the tribal and non-tribal farmers of Rajasthan. Pratapgarh and Chittorgarh districts of Rajasthan were selected among tribal and non-tribal districts of Rajasthan, respectively as they have the highest area and production of Ajwain. One tehsil from each of the selected districts were selected purposively due to highest area and production of Ajwain. From each of the selected tehsils 5 villages were selected randomly. 13 farmers were selected from each selected villages in this way a sample of 130 respondents (65 tribal and 65 no tribal farmers) was selected randomly. Data was collected using interview schedules in year 2022. From the study it was concluded that majority 51 (78.46 %) of tribal framers were in medium adoption category followed by low 10 (15.38%) and 04 (6.16%) high extent of adoption categories. Further, majority 52 (80.00%) of non-tribal farmers were having medium extent of adoption followed by 08 (12.31 %) farmers having high and 05 (07.69 %) farmers having low extent of adoption. It was found that the tribal farmers had maximum adoption of “Harvesting” (76.92 MPS) and least adoption of “Fertilizer application” (51.23 MPS). While, in case of non-tribal farmers “Time of sowing” (87.69 MPS) was maximum adopted and “Plant protection measures” (59.23 MPS) was least adopted.

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Goswami, Ranjita. „A Comparative Assessment of Adoption Behaviour of Tribal and Non-tribal Rice growers in Assam“. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, Nr. 5 (01.12.2022): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/dec_spl/220-223.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the principal diet of majority of the population. A large portion of rural community of Assam depends on rice farming for their livelihood. Baksa district of Assam has enormous potentiality in rice production. Although the district is being blessed with favourable agro climatic conditions, yet the advantages could not be harnessed in terms of yield. To meet the growing demands of rice, one best possible route is to adopt improved technology in HYV rice. As a good number of tribal farmers are prevalent in the district, therefore the study attempts to explore the adoption behaviour of tribal and nontribal rice farmers along with the associated factors in the adoption process. A total of 160 respondents (104 non-tribal and 56 tribal farmers) were selected as the fi nal sample by proportionate random sampling method. The fi ndings showed that above seventy percent of farmers had overall medium adoption level. However, a total of (73.13%) of non- tribal and only 51.78 per cent tribal farmers exhibited medium level of adoption. The “t value” was found to be non-signifi cant. Overall age, family size, operational land holding. training exposure, social participation, economic motivation and scientifi c orientation of the farmers had a positive and signifi cant association with the extent of adoption in case of HYVs. Further, these signifi cant and nearly signifi cant variables were taken for Tobit analysis to see the infl uence of these factors on extent of adoption of HYVs, where only training exposure showed a positive and signifi cant contribution towards adoption of HYVs.

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GUPTA, RAVI KUMAR, ANINDITA SAHA und DIGVIJAY SINGH DHAKRE. „PERCEPTION OF TRIBAL AND NON–TRIBAL DAIRY FARMERS TOWARDS THE DAIRY FARMING IN CHHATTISGARH STATE: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING APPROACH“. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ANGRAU 50, Nr. 4 (31.12.2022): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2022.50.4.11.

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Dairy farming is a secondary occupation for millions of farmers in the Central Indian State of Chhattisgarh. This study used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine how tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers in Chhattisgarh perceive about dairy farming and what makes them feel that way. In this study, the data was gathered from dairy farmers during 2020–21. The results of the paired sample t-test showed that both tribal and non-tribal farmers are performing significantly. In the Principal Component Analysis, KMO’s sample adequacy test result was 0.724, which means there were enough signs in each element to study. Twelve items of dairy farmers’ perceptions were conglomerated into three factors: rational perception, opportunistic perception, and scientific perception. The results of the SEM showed that the absolute fit indices match the sample data and that the proposed model is a good fit because it matches the values of the perception items.

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Mayur, M. Prajapati, N. Patel Rakesh, D. Dhandhukia Rakesh und D. Solnaki Khattubhai. „Impact of agricultural modernization on sustainable livelihood among the tribal and non-tribal farmers“. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 6, Nr. 4 (01.04.2014): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jaerd12.143.

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Dkhar, Deinichwa, und K. P. Raghuprasad. „Knowledge Level of Tribal Farmers on Processing of Non-Timber Forest Products in Meghalaya, India“. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, Nr. 12 (30.12.2023): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122336.

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The study entitled “Knowledge Level of Tribal Farmers on Processing of Non-Timber Forest Products in Meghalaya” aimed to explore the knowledge level of tribal farmers regarding the processing of NTFPs, to find out the relationship between knowledge and profile characteristics of tribal farmers and to enlist the constraints faced by the tribal farmers in two districts of Meghalaya i.e., East Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi district, with respondents from eight villages. An ex-post facto research design was followed and based on the availability of NTFPs in the villages and dependency, a total of 160 participants belonging to Khasi tribes were purposively selected for data collection using pre-tested interview scheduled. The study revealed a mean knowledge score of 28.17 with a half-standard deviation of 1.48. Among the respondents, more than two third i.e., 68.75 per cent had low to medium knowledge and 31.25 per cent demonstrated high knowledge levels. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationship between knowledge level and educational status, material possession, annual income, extension contacts and scientific orientation at the 0.01 level of significance. Marketing pattern and market orientation showed significance at the 0.05 level, while fatalism exhibited a negative correlation at the same level. The top three constraints faced by tribal farmers were insufficient infrastructure for processing and storage, lack of adequate knowledge and difficulties in accessing markets due to remote locations and poor transportation networks which need policy interventions by the concerned governmental bodies or agencies including departments or ministries of agriculture, rural development, food processing and transportation.

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Kumari, Sunita, und Nidhi Kumari. „KNOWLEDGE OF FARMERS ABOUT RECOMMENDED INTERVENTION OF WHEAT CROP UNDER RKVY“. Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 33, Nr. 2 (25.06.2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.33.2.0006.

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The present study was conducted in tribal and non-tribal panchayat samities of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. 04beneficiary villages and 02 non-beneficiary villages were selected from each panchayat samiti and 10 respondents were selected randomly from each selected village for the study. Data were collected through pre-structured interview schedule. It was found that there was a significant difference in level of knowledge between beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers about recommended wheat interventions. The beneficiary farmers were having more knowledge than non-beneficiary farmers about recommended wheat interventions. It indicates that there was positive impact of RKVY on beneficiary farmers in gain in knowledge about recommended wheat interventions.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Tribal and non tribal farmers"

Gaassand, Margrethe. „Women’s representation in spaces of participation and power : A study of tribal and non-tribal women in local systems of governance in Orissa, India“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17042.

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This study investigates the real representation of women in two villages in Orissa, India. Through my own feminist lens I have brought in theory of spaces of participation and power and hence linked this to the concept of real participation. Women from three different ranges within the local social hierarchies have participated in this study by sharing their knowledge, and I have tried to connect their stories and knowledge to political geography by captivating how they are represented in local governance. Representation is an important concept throughout this study, and it concerns how people feel that their interests are being represented and listened to. The study reveals women’s constrains and enabling factors to participate in formal or public spaces of governance. The studied women show that they lack real access to the invited spaces of participation in their local villages and thus they lack access to real representation through public spaces. This study also investigates the links between different spaces of representation, and shows that real representation is vital in women’s lives. When in practice excluded from the local public spaces of governance, these women claim spaces of participation and power by creating their own spaces of representation in the counter-publics.

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White, Victor Nollen. „The Use of the Expanded Health Belief Model (EHBM) To Evaluate Osteoporosis Attitudes, Knowledge, Beliefs and Self Efficacy of Nez Perce Tribal and Non Nez Perce Tribal Members in Nez Perce County, ID“. OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1199.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF VICTOR NOLLEN WHITE, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Health Education, presented On November 14, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Title: THE USE OF THE EXPANDED HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (EHBM) TO EVALAUTE OSTEOPOROSIS ATTITUDES, KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS AND SELF-EFFICACY OF NEZ PERCE TRIBAL AND NON NEZ PERCE TRIBAL MEMBERS IN NEZ PERCE COUNTY, IDAHO. Major Professor: Dr. Dhitinut Ratnapradipa According to the State of Idaho, the National Osteoporosis Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, osteoporosis is a public health concern nationally among non-Native American (NNA) and Native American (NA) populations. The purpose of this research project is to obtain written survey data on osteoporosis attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy among male and female members of the Nez Perce Tribe (Nimiipuu) and non-Tribal members, aged 18 and over via voluntary completion of a written survey questionnaire based on the expanded health belief model (EHBM). The study was conducted in Nez Perce County, ID. The research involved determining whether or not there is a statistically significant difference in osteoporosis attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy among males and females, aged 18 and over Nez Perce Tribal members as compared to Non-Tribal members in Nez Perce County, ID. Non-Nez Perce tribal members are individuals whom are 1) Native Americans who are not members of the Nez Perce Tribe and 2) all Non-Native Americans in the research study. Exercise self-efficacy and gender seem to be the most significant variables showing evidence against the null hypotheses and in favor of the research hypothesis (Null Hypothesis: H0: Native American=Non-Native American. Research Hypothesis: H1: Native American ≠ Non-Native American). Age also shows evidence against the null hypothesis and in favor of the research hypothesis, but not as strongly as exercise and gender. Seriousness of osteoporosis was the most concern to all respondents and female Native Americans perceived the greatest barrier to preventing osteoporosis was being unable to access dietary calcium on a regular basis.

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Calvert, Catherine. „Portraits of Women’s Leadership after Participation in a Culturally Based University Tribal College Partnership“. Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1387487824.

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HAQUE, ZIAUL. „Spoilers in the Peace Process of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45302.

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Begum, Nurjahan. „A comparative study of identity and prejudice among tribal and non-tribal people of manipur in relation to social tension“. Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/908.

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Shomya, Sushree. „Taboos in Food Practices during Pre and Post-natal Period: A Comparative Study between Tribal and Non- Tribal Women in Odisha“. Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6741/1/Taboos_Shomya_2015.pdf.

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The food we eat on a daily basis affects how our body works, how we heal and grow, and how we maintain energy and strength and a proper nutrition process is most essential in the pre and post-natal period of pregnancy. Taking into account dynamically changing nutrition practices, the study is aimed to document and elucidate ethno cultural food practices during the pre and post-natal period of pregnancy. The study is based on the food restrictions that people follow because of religious and cultural prohibition. Though there has been few studies done in this area but the major part is lacking yet. Till date, in-depth study on the food taboos has not been done and this study is based on a comparative analysis between tribal women of Sundargarh District and non-tribal women of Bhadrak District. Sundargarh district for non-tribal sampling has been chosen as it is highly tribal dominated district as per the fifth schedule and on the other hand Bhadrak district is non-tribal dominated and historically prospering in culture. 100 sample households were selected from both the study area.50 for tribal women and 50 for Non-tribal women through random sampling. Data was collected from both the sources. Primary data was collected using household schedules, interviews and observation method. The secondary data was collected from various literatures, published books etc. The study may help in creating awareness regarding the dietary practices that people follow during their pre and post-natal period.

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Thomas, Philip. „Dynamics of Co-Operative marketing in tribal economies- A study of non-timber forest produce marketing in Kerala“. Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5785.

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Arndt, Leah M. Rouse. „Soul wound, warrior spirit : exploring the vocational choice of American Indian law enforcement officers working for non-tribal agencies /“. 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/62157173.html.

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Burford, de Oliveira Nicolette Fridrun. „The political significance of non-tribal indigenous youth's talk on identity, land, and the forest environment ; an Amazonian case study from the Arapiuns River, Brazil“. Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150069.

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Bücher zum Thema "Tribal and non tribal farmers"

Ahmed, Aftab Uddin. Adoption of new technology in agriculture by tribal and non-tribal farmers: A case study of Barpeta district in Assam. Delhi: Abhijeet Publications, 2007.

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Pasayat, Chitrasen. Tribal Non-Tribal Divide: Myth and Reality. Bhubaneswar: Sarmistha Barik, 152-Vijay Vihar, Nuagaon Road, PO: Sishupalgarh, Bhubaneswar-751002, 2007.

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Tribal, non-tribal divide: Myth and reality. Bhubaneswar: Sarmistha Barik, 2007.

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Tribal and non tribal in folk culture. New Delhi: SSDN Publishers & Distributors, 2013.

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Samal, Kishor C. Livelihood of tribal and non-tribal of forest. New Delhi: SSDN Publishers & Distributors, 2013.

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Tanwani, Dhruv. Marital adjustment in tribal and non-tribal working women. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1997.

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Tagade, Nitin. Food insecurity in tribal regions of Maharashtra: Explaining differentials between the tribal and non-tribal communities. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2012.

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Regional Level Seminar on "Communal Harmony Among the Tribal and Non-Tribal Communities of North-East India" (2002 Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes). Communal harmony among tribal and non-tribal communities of North East India. Guwahati: Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes, 2004.

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Mahanti, Neeti. Tribal issues: A non-conventional approach. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications, 1994.

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Mallik, R. M. Tribal participation in non-timber forest management. New Delhi: SSDN Publishers & Distributors, 2017.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Tribal and non tribal farmers"

Tripathy, S. N. „Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and Livelihood Promotion of Tribes of Odisha“. In Shifting Perspectives in Tribal Studies, 185–202. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8090-7_10.

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Francis-Begay, Karen. „Tribal Advisors in Non-Native Colleges and Universities“. In Developments Beyond the Asterisk, 119–31. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032626277-10.

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Dar, Shahnawaz Rasool, Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Shabber Hussain, Mohammad Yaqoob Wani, Aabid Hussain Lone, Showket Ahmad Dar, Syed Berjes Zehra et al. „Transformative Approaches to Empower Tribal Farmwomen of Ladakh Cold Arid Himalayan Deserts: Challenges and Solutions“. In Women Farmers: Unheard Being Heard, 123–48. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6978-2_9.

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Deo, Aniket, Amit Arora und Upendra Bhandarkar. „Model to Generate Crop Combinations for Tribal Farmers in Palghar, Maharashtra, India“. In Water Science and Technology Library, 329–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59148-9_23.

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Desai, Murli, und Sheetal Goel. „Rights of Dalit and Tribal Children to Non-discrimination and Inclusion“. In Rights-based Direct Practice with Children, 67–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0417-0_3.

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Habyarimana, Ephrem, und Nicole Bartelds. „Yield Prediction in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and Cultivated Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)“. In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 219–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_17.

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AbstractSorghum and potato pilots were conducted in this work to provide a solution to current limitations (dependability, cost) in crop monitoring in Europe. These limations include yield forecasting based mainly on field surveys, sampling, censuses, and the use of coarser spatial resolution satellites. We used the indexes decribing the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation as well as the leaf areas derived from Sentinel-2 satellites to predict yields and provide farmers with actionable advice in sorghum biomass and, in combination with WOFOST crop growth model, in cultivated potatoes. Overall, the Bayesian additive regression trees method modelled best sorghum biomass yields. The best explanatory variables were days 150 and 165 of the year. In potato, the use of earth observation information allowed to improve the growth model, resulting in better yield prediction with a limited number of field trials. The online platform provided the potato farmers more insight through benchmarking among themselves across cropping seasons, and observing in-field variability Site-specific management became easier based on the field production potential and its performance relative to surrounding fields. The extensive pilots run in this work showed that farming is a business with several variables which not all can be controlled by the farmer. The technologies developed herein are expected to inform about the farming operations, giving rise to well-informed farmers with the advantage to be able to adapt to the circumstances, mitigating production risks, and ultimately staying longer in the business.

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Rusinamhodzi, Leonard, James Njeru, John E. Sariah, Rama Ngatoluwa und Phlorentin P. Lagwen. „Tillage effect on agronomic efficiency of nitrogen under rainfed conditions of Tanzania.“ In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 246–55. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0014.

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Abstract Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a common feature in soils managed by smallholder farmers in Africa. Crop residue retention, in combination with no-till (NT), may be a pathway to improve agronomic use efficiency of applied N for small-scale farmers under the predominant rainfed conditions. This chapter reports on the results of a study carried out over two cropping seasons in the long rains of 2014 and 2015 on two sites: (i) on-farm (Mandela); and (ii) a research station (SARI) in eastern Tanzania. The experiment consisted of two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and Conservation Agriculture (CA), with a minimum of 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue cover maintained in the plots during the experiment. CT consisted of soil inversion through tillage and removal of crop residues. In the on-farm experiment, maize was grown in plots with four rates of N application: 0, 27, 54 and 108 kg N ha^-1. In the on-station trial, five rates were used: 0, 20, 40, 60 and 100 kg N ha-1. Maize yield and agronomic efficiency (AE) of N were used to assess and compare the productivity of the tested treatments. The results showed that tillage, soil type and rate of N application influenced crop productivity. In the clay soils, the differences between tillage practices were small. Under CT, AE ranged between 21.6 and 53.9 kg/kg N, and it was 20.4-60.6 kg/kg N under CA. The lowest fertilizer application rate of 27 kg ha^-1 often had the largest AE across the soil types and tillage practices. In the on-station trials at SARI, the largest AE of 24.6 kg/kg N was recorded under CA with 40 kg N ha-1. As in the on-farm trials, the highest N application rate on-station did not lead to the largest AE. In the CT, AE ranged between 11.5 and 16.8 kg/kg N compared with a range of 15.1 to 24.6 kg/kg N for the CA treatment. Overall, crop residue retention, in combination with NT, is important to improve soil moisture and use efficiency of applied nutrients. Additionally, the initial soil fertility status is also important in determining the magnitude of short-term crop response to applied nutrients. Innovative pathways are needed to achieve the multiple objectives played by maize crop residues for results reported here to be sustainable. However, efficiency of nutrient use needs to be assessed, together with returns on investments, as small yields may mean high nutrient use efficiency but not necessarily significant increased returns at the farm level.

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Murray, Cailín E. „Don't Say His Name“. In Living with Monsters, 31–49. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0361.1.03.

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Wild Man figures are found around the world and seem to always occupy a mythical and liminal space between culture and nature. Among the Native peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America, he is known by different names in various tribal languages. However, terms like Sasquatch or Bigfoot are used locally as a kind of generic reference. Since Indigenous peoples and settler colonial newcomers have reported encounters over the decades since contact, it is important to consider what resources each culture provides to help people make sense of their experiences. I wanted my story to reflect how these meanings shift and how confusing and consequential it can become when non-natives assume they understand tribal/First Nations’ beliefs and experiences based on their own. The character of Sarah illustrates how even well-meaning researchers often approach Indigenous beliefs from what the folklorist David Hufford calls “a tradition of disbelief.” In other words, what they know is truth and what others know is merely “belief.” The story allows readers to ponder the various characters’ actions and what they “know,” and thus, what “really” happened.

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Jain, Harshita, Suman Singh und Hemu Rathore. „Assessment of Human Cost of Work of Tribal Women Farmers in Harvesting of Maize with the Use of Improved Sickles“. In Design Science and Innovation, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2229-8_1.

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Schelhas, John, Janice Alexander, Mark Brunson, Tommy Cabe, Alycia Crall, Michael J. Dockry, Marla R. Emery et al. „Social and Cultural Dynamics of Non-native Invasive Species“. In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 267–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_12.

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AbstractInvasive species and their management represent a complex issue spanning social and ecological systems. Invasive species present existing and potential threats to the nature of ecosystems and the products and services that people receive from them. Humans can both cause and address problems through their complex interactions with ecosystems. Yet, public awareness of invasive species and their impact is highly uneven, and public support for management and control of invasive species can be variable. Public perceptions often differ markedly from the perspectives of concerned scientists, and perceptions and support for management are influenced by a wide range of social and ecological values. In this chapter, we present a broad survey of social science research across a diversity of ecosystems and stakeholders in order to provide a foundation for understanding the social and cultural dimensions of invasive species and plan more effective management approaches. This chapter also addresses tribal perspectives on invasive species, including traditional ecological knowledge, unique cultural dimensions for tribes, and issues critical to engaging tribes as partners and leaders in invasive species management. Recognizing that natural resource managers often seek to change people’s perceptions and behaviors, we present and discuss some promising approaches that are being used to engage human communities in ways that empower and enlist stakeholders as partners in management.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Tribal and non tribal farmers"

Mohanty, Ajit, und Jayashree Saikia. „Bilingualism and Intergroup Relationship in Tribal and Non-Tribal Contact Situations“. In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/evsc3737.

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Conrad, Jenni. „Grandmother Cedar as History Teacher? Non-Indigenous Teachers Implementing Tribal Curriculum and Indigenous Knowledges“. In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1576997.

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Anand, Kavita, Gauravi Mishra, Sharmila Pimple, Mandana Vahabi, Vijayshree Prakash, Anil Patil und Vasundhara Kulkarni. „P-340 Closing gaps for preventing cervical cancer among Urban: slum, non-slum, rural and tribal Indian homemakers and manual labourers – experiences of community research“. In 29th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2023), Mumbai, India, Hosted by the Indian Association of Occupational Health, Mumbai Branch & Tata Memorial Centre. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2023-epicoh.246.

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Dutta, Shuvam. „Language Vitality, Attitude and Endangerment: Understandings from Field Work among Lodha Speakers“. In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.3-1.

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Lodhas are marginalized scheduled tribe groups in West Bengal, India. They were labeled as criminal tribes until the revocation of the Criminal Tribes’ Act of 1952. Lodha is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by Lodhas in some villages in West Bengal, India. This paper has four objectives. First, this paper discusses the effect of dominant languages. Here we attempt to study the impact of Bangla on the Lodha language. This paper discusses the language attitude of Loedha community. To develop their economy, these communities attempt to interact with the non-tribal Indo-Aryan populations and thus attempt to forget their own language. The paper then discusses in detail the Lodha language attitude, thus landscaping the present condition of Lodha. We then discuss the socio-economic condition of Lodha, and how this condition creates a barrier for these people. Finally, this paper aims to assess the nature and degree of language endangerment of Lodha based on UNESCO’s Language Vitality and Endangerment framework.

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Chukov, Vladimir S. „Socio-economic and spiritual-religious specifics of the Syrian Kurds“. In 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.07065c.

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This study aims to present the socio-economic and spiritual-religious specifics of the Syrian Kurds. The dominant agrarian livelihood of the “foreign Kurds” stimulates the preservation of the tribal-clan profile of their social structure. This directly reflects on the stability and strong resistance of the specific conservative political culture in which the political center is differentiated, due to non-social parameters. If religion (in a nuanced degree, ethnicity) plays a major role in the formation of the nation-building and state-building process among neighbors, Arabs and Turks, then in the Kurds, especially the Syrians, a similar function is played by the family cell. The main points in the article are: The Syrian Kurds; Armenians and Christians – Assyrians; The specific religious institutions of the Kurds. In conclusion: The main conclusion that can be drawn is that the Kurds in Syria are failing to create a large urban agglomeration, which pushes them to be constantly associated with the agricultural way of life. Even the small towns that were formed did not get a real urban appearance, as their inhabitants had numerous relatives who remained to live in the countryside.

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Kavouras, Pavlos. „Trickster and Cain: An Allegory of Musical and Linguistic Anthropology“. In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.1-1.

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In this talk, I will juxtapose the mythological figure of trickster with the biblical figure of Cain. In doing so, my purpose is to shed light on the dynamics of human thinking. Trickster is a potent symbol of humanity. It is found in the oral literatures of tribal peoples worldwide, in the context of which his mode of thinking and acting is amply demonstrated. Trickster became widely known to the Western world as a unique expression of humanity, mainly through the works of the anthropologist Paul Radin and the psychologist Carl Jung. Trickstering is a unique human quality which concerns a one-way logic of being in the world. Tricksterâ€™s flow of consciousness moves from a center or point of departure outwards, having no destination, and is defined by the lack of any subject / object differentiation. Trickster stands ideally for abductive logic, to use the philosopher Charles Saunders Peirceâ€™s terminology, as opposed to the other two Peircean kinds of logic, inductive and deductive, which I take to represent together the logic of Cain. In the case of Cain, human thinking is characterized by the subject / object divide, which introduces an epistemological and, eventually, a reflexive dualism, with serious, moral, and ethical implications. Cainâ€™s logic flows from the particular to the whole and vice versa, inductively or deductively, as it is defined and determined by the mental law of â€˜Twoâ€™ in the thinkerâ€™s or actorâ€™s reflexive relationship with the world â€“ his or her physical, social, and spiritual cosmos. After setting the stage for a critical encountering between the primitive trickster and the biblical Cain, I will interpret their exchanges and incompatible expressions regarding their non-reflexive and reflexive ways of being in the world, respectively. Finally, I will turn to music and allegory, attempting to blend these two fundamental components of humanity with the archetypal characters of trickster and Cain. It is in the context of such a dialogue that tricksterâ€™s encounter with Cain acquires its musical and allegorical momentum, and sheds light through its abductive othering to the question of interpretation and human consciousness.

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Hock, Hans Henrich. „Foreigners, Brahmins, Poets, or What? The Sociolinguistics of the Sanskrit “Renaissance”“. In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.2-3.

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A puzzle in the sociolinguistic history of Sanskrit is that texts with authenticated dates first appear in the 2nd century CE, after five centuries of exclusively Prakrit inscriptions. Various hypotheses have tried to account for this fact. Senart (1886) proposed that Sanskrit gained wider currency through Buddhists and Jains. Franke (1902) claimed that Sanskrit died out in India and was artificially reintroduced. Lévi (1902) argued for usurpation of Sanskrit by the Kshatrapas, foreign rulers who employed brahmins in administrative positions. Pisani (1955) instead viewed the “Sanskrit Renaissance” as the brahmins’ attempt to combat these foreign invaders. Ostler (2005) attributed the victory of Sanskrit to its ‘cultivated, self-conscious charm’; his acknowledgment of prior Sanskrit use by brahmins and kshatriyas suggests that he did not consider the victory a sudden event. The hypothesis that the early-CE public appearance of Sanskrit was a sudden event is revived by Pollock (1996, 2006). He argues that Sanskrit was originally confined to ‘sacerdotal’ contexts; that it never was a natural spoken language, as shown by its inability to communicate childhood experiences; and that ‘the epigraphic record (thin though admittedly it is) suggests … that [tribal chiefs] help[ed] create’ a new political civilization, the “Sanskrit Cosmopolis”, ‘by employing Sanskrit in a hitherto unprecedented way’. Crucial in his argument is the claim that kāvya literature was a foundational characteristic of this new civilization and that kāvya has no significant antecedents. I show that Pollock’s arguments are problematic. He ignores evidence for a continuous non-sacerdotal use of Sanskrit, as in the epics and fables. The employment of nursery words like tāta ‘daddy’/tata ‘sonny’ (also used as general terms of endearment), or ambā/ambikā ‘mommy; mother’ attest to Sanskrit’s ability to communicate childhood experiences. Kāvya, the foundation of Pollock’s “Sanskrit Cosmopolis”, has antecedents in earlier Sanskrit (and Pali). Most important, Pollock fails to show how his powerful political-poetic kāvya tradition could have arisen ex nihilo. To produce their poetry, the poets would have had to draw on a living, spoken language with all its different uses, and that language must have been current in a larger linguistic community beyond the poets, whether that community was restricted to brahmins (as commonly assumed) or also included kshatriyas (as suggested by Ostler). I conclude by considering implications for the “Sanskritization” of Southeast Asia and the possible parallel of modern “Indian English” literature.

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Nielsen, Martin Bjerre, Dennis Hindhede, Matthew Palmer und Christian Leblanc Thilsted. „A Highly Efficient and Rapid Cost-Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations for an Entire Windfarm Site“. In ASME 2022 4th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2022-99119.

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Abstract The present paper presents a framework for holistic optimization of monopile foundations for a full offshore windfarm. The framework has been developed in-house at Wood Thilsted Partners and has been used for design of several full-scale wind farms including Vineyard Wind, the first commercial scale wind farm in the US. The backbone of the code is a beam finite-element based structural analysis code that performs all necessary design checks according to the governing standards. A direct coupling to various 3D FE-software packages is in place for detailed analyses of non-trivial structural details such as bolted flange connections and welded attachments. Three dimensional FE is also used for position-specific 3D soil analysis for calibration and validation of the non-linear soil-structure interaction springs serving as boundary conditions for the model. Installation and drivability assessments are similarly included in the design flow based on the beam model and validated subsequently via parameterized 3D models. Everything is integrated in a fully automated optimization framework that can perform a full optimization sweep including automatic generation of design reports and drawing material ready for certification for a full windfarm of several hundred individual positions in a few hours. Representative examples illustrate how the framework provides the possibility for conducting large scale sensitivity studies, such as diameter and clustering studies allowing for holistic cost-optimization across all positions in a windfarm.

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Pillers, Roy A., und Theodore J. Heindel. „Stereographic Backlit Imaging and Bubble Identification From a Plunging Jet With Floor Interactions“. In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65313.

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Abstract Plunging jets have been extensively studied for their relatively simple set-up but complex multiphase interactions. This phenomenon includes gas carry-under and mixing, which occurs when shear effects between the plunging liquid jet and surrounding gas are sufficient to entrain gas at the impact site. Previous investigations typically assume the floor has an infinite depth and neglect compressive effects caused by the jet interacting with the catch tank floor. While this assumption is ideal for breaking waves in the middle of the ocean, many other applications have to contend with floor effects. These include waterfalls, wastewater treatment, dams, fish farms, mineral separation, and molten metal pouring. It is hypothesized that floor interactions will significantly affect the multiphase flow hydrodynamics, especially in places where the uninhibited jet would approach or pass the floor region. Using a large catch tank with an adjustable floor region designed to hold a constant water level, data were collected using high-speed backlit stereographic imaging to capture and compare the effects of three separate tank depths with those found using an infinite pool assumption. To identify bubbles in each stereographic projection, a uniform bubble recognition procedure was developed that was used across all data sets. This allowed for the automated identification of bubble entrainment regions, which could be compared with different flow conditions. Preliminary results are inconclusive as to the effects of the floor region on the bubble plume dynamics; however, the results showed consistent measurements between trials and the two stereographic cameras, implying the time variation of the jet dynamics was the primary source of uncertainty in the results and not the identification procedure. Therefore, the identification methods have provided a method for plume volume and shape estimation, which will be used in future studies using 3D imaging techniques.

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Walker, William P., und Ryan S. Williams. „Low-Cost Below Seabed Monitoring Solutions for Monopile Foundations“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35186-ms.

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Abstract Monopiles are the most common type of foundation currently used in the offshore wind industry. Operators may elect to instrument and monitor foundations to assess the system behavior or support integrity management. For monopile foundations, the region below the seabed is critical since this region sees the largest bending loads in the monopile. The offshore wind industry can benefit greatly from sub seabed measurement systems as they can provide vital information regarding structural health and provide data to optimize future designs. However, installing sensors below the seabed is a non-trivial task that can occupy significant costs to engineer and implement such systems, which is a challenge in an industry that commands low-cost solutions. This paper presents an engineering study of two sensor cover concepts designed for implementation of sub seabed monitoring on a monopile foundation. The two concepts selected are designed to be fabricated from off-the-shelf components, producing a low-cost solution to sub seabed monitoring. Furthermore, the design relies on a combination of sub-scale testing and quasi-static analysis to reduce design costs and help support a low-cost solution. Both strength and fatigue were considered in the design. Strength analysis was performed using a finite element analysis (FEA) where a series of acceleration loads, intended to represent the acceleration spectrum that would be present during pile driving, were applied to the protection systems in a quasi-static analysis. Additionally, a fatigue analysis is performed for the bolted connections on one concept using the stresses from the FEA. Two concepts were tested via a pile driving test with a sheet pile. The pile driving process was monitored and accelerations for each blow were measured during the testing. One of the two concepts tested survived the pile driving testing with accelerations measuring up to 900g, while the other failed. The analysis and testing performed for this design showed that the sub seabed sensing on monopile foundations can be built from low-cost steel components, given proper collaboration between with the monopile designers/fabricators and the measurement system provider. Furthermore, this work has shown that sub seabed sensing for offshore wind monopile foundations can be done in a reliable, cost-effective manner that utilizes efficient design practices and is manufactured from commercially available, low-cost materials and components. Additionally, this work serves as an enabling solution for integrity management of offshore wind farms to help reduce operation and maintenance (O&M) cost.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Tribal and non tribal farmers"

Daimary, Rachan, und Jyotirmay Das. Ethnic Conflict in Manipur: The Tribal/Non-Tribal Divide. Critical Asian Studies, Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52698/tnwx2971.

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Sunny, Yemuna. Redefining Sustainable Development: Co-Creation of Knowledge with the Bharia People. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf0706.2023.

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This study examines the lived experiences of the Bharia people of Patalkot with regard to ecology, society, and the modern school. The research methodology, attempting to keep the agency of the Bharia at the centre, has helped to evolve knowledge that is at once embedded and questioning. At the interface of the tribal and the non-tribal existences, like the market and the modern school, there are undercurrents of exploitation, alienation and a sense of being undervalued. The thriving forests of Patalkot enhance socio-cultural and ecological relationships of tribal society and help rethink development in terms of ecological restoration and egalitarian relationships, both of which are in decline in the contemporary phase of capital through liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation.

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Kinsman, N. E. M. Alaska Local Tidal Datums: An Introduction for non-experts (presentation): Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network Seminar Series, Online, March 2013. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/26885.

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Willis, Craig, Will Hughes und Sergiusz Bober. ECMI Minorities Blog. National and Linguistic Minorities in the Context of Professional Football across Europe: Five Examples from Non-kin State Situations. European Centre for Minority Issues, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/bvkl7633.

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Football clubs are often analysed by scholars as ‘imagined communities’, for no fan of any team will ever meet, or even be aware of most of their fellow supporters on an individual level. They are also simultaneously one of the most tribal phenomena of the twenty-first century, comparable to religion in terms of the complexity of rituals, their rhythm and overall organizational intricacies, yet equally inseparable from economics and politics. Whilst, superficially, the events of sporting fixtures carry little political significance, for many of Europe’s national and linguistic minorities football fandom takes on an extra dimension of identity – on an individual and collective scale, acting as a defining differentiation from the majority society. This blogpost analyses five clubs from non-kin state settings, with the intention to assess how different aspects of minority identities affect their fan bases, communication policies and other practices.

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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton und Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.

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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir und Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.

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Agronomic performance and farmer preferences for biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Zimbabwe. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605669.

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This report summarizes the findings of a study carried out to evaluate the agronomic performance and sensory acceptance by small holder farmers of six biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties that were first introduced from CIP’s sweetpotato breeding hub for Southern Africa in Mozambique. The study was participatory and carried out under different agroecological environments in Zimbabwe. The six OFSP varieties, namely Alisha, Victoria, Delvia, Sumaia, Namanga and Irene were planted in the 2019/20 agricultural season along with two non-biofortified white-fleshed local varieties, namely Chingova and German II, at seven DR&SS research stations (Kadoma, Marondera, Harare, Henderson, Gwebi, Makoholi and Panmure) and 120 farmer managed on-farm trial sites in 12 LFSP districts of Bindura, Gokwe North, Gokwe South, Guruve, Kwekwe, Makoni, Mazowe, Mount Darwin, Mutasa, Mutare, Shurugwi and Zvimba. At all but one of the research stations, two trials were set up, one under irrigation and the other under rain-fed conditions. On-farm trials were established following the Mother-Baby Trial approach with 2 mother trials and 8 baby trials per district. In each of the districts, one mother trial was planted under irrigation while the other was rain-fed. All the baby trials were rain-fed.

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