Dissertationen zum Thema „Tri adaptatif“

Les joueurs exigeants acquièrent dès que possible une carte graphique capable de satisfaire leur soif d'immersion dans des jeux dont la précision, le réalisme et l'interactivité redoublent d'intensité au fil du temps. Depuis l'avènement des cartes graphiques dédiées au calcul généraliste, ils n'en sont plus les seuls clients. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l'apport de ces architectures parallèles spécifiques pour des simulations physiques à grande échelle. Cette étude nous permet de mettre en avant un goulot d'étranglement en particulier limitant la performance des simulations. Partons d'un cas typique : les fissures d'une structure complexe de type barrage en béton armé peuvent être modélisées par un ensemble de particules. La cohésion de la matière ainsi simulée est assurée par les interactions entre elles. Chaque particule est représentée en mémoire par un ensemble de paramètres physiques à consulter systématiquement pour tout calcul de forces entre deux particules. Ainsi, pour que les calculs soient rapides, les données de particules proches dans l'espace doivent être proches en mémoire. Dans le cas contraire, le nombre de défauts de cache augmente et la limite de bande passante de la mémoire peut être atteinte, particulièrement en parallèle, bornant les performances. L'enjeu est de maintenir l'organisation des données en mémoire tout au long de la simulation malgré les mouvements des particules. Les algorithmes de tri standard ne sont pas adaptés car ils trient systématiquement tous les éléments. De plus, ils travaillent sur des structures denses ce qui implique de nombreux déplacements de données en mémoire. Nous proposons PaVo, un algorithme de tri dit adaptatif, c'est-à-dire qu'il sait tirer parti de l'ordre pré-existant dans une séquence. De plus, PaVo maintient des trous dans la structure, répartis de manière à réduire le nombre de déplacements mémoires nécessaires. Nous présentons une généreuse étude expérimentale et comparons les résultats obtenus à plusieurs tris renommés. La diminution des accès à la mémoire a encore plus d'importance pour des simulations à grande échelles sur des architectures parallèles. Nous détaillons une version parallèle de PaVo et évaluons son intérêt. Pour tenir compte de l'irrégularité des applications, la charge de travail est équilibrée dynamiquement par vol de travail. Nous proposons de distribuer automatiquement les données en mémoire de manière à profiter des architectures hiérarchiques. Les tâches sont pré-assignées aux cœurs pour utiliser cette distribution et nous adaptons le moteur de vol pour favoriser des vols de tâches concernant des données proches en mémoire.

Weve presented the results of our research for the conception, execution and evaluation of an informatized adaptive tool, known as DIA (in portuguese), that allows evaluate and give a feedback to the student under the perspective of formative evaluation. At the first stage, we used the PCN: Sciency of the Nature, Mathematics and its Technologies (BRASIL, 1998) and the Curriculum Matrices of Reference from the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais -INEP, to the Sistem of Evaluation for Basic Education - SAEB (BRASIL, 2005) to build a scale in wich the objectives are in increasing order, according to the vertical development of the knowledge construction in Mathematics. We linked the proposed objectives to create a Data Bank (BI, in portuguese) that was used in our simulations. Weve analized the results of our essay to evaluate the comunication between the data bank and the scale under the perspective of giving a diagnosis of the construction of the mathematics knowledge. In our essay, we simulated the functionning of the DIA tool through an adaptive informatized test based on the "Teoria de Resposta ao Item" (TRI). We were also interested on determing a profile of a Data Bank (BI) that is able to significantly dialogue with our scale through the TRI. The scale and the associated data bank should provide a constructive feedback that will help the stundents develop their metacognitives competencies.
Apresentamos os resultados de nossa pesquisa para concepção, execuçãoo e avaliação de uma ferramenta adaptativa informatizada, denominada DIA, que permita tanto avaliar como fornecer feedback a estudantes sob uma perspectiva de avaliação formativa. Na primeira etapa, usamos os PCN: Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e suas Tecnologias (BRASIL, 1998) e as Matrizes Curriculares de Referência do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais - INEP, para o Sistema de Avaliação para a Educação Básica- SAEB (BRASIL, 2005), para construir uma escala, em que os objetivos estão em ordem crescente, de acordo com o desenvolvimento vertical da construção do conhecimento em Matemática. Entrelaçamos os objetivos propostos para criar um Banco de Itens (BI), que foi usado em nossas simulações. Analisamos os resultados obtidos em nosso ensaio para avaliar o diálogo entre o BI e a escala sob a perspectiva de oferecer um diagnóstico de lacunas na construção do conhecimento matemático. Em nosso ensaio, simulamos o funcionamento da ferramenta DIA através de um teste adaptativo informatizado baseado na Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Também estamos interessados em determinar um perfil de um Banco de Itens, que seja capaz de forma significativa de dialogar com nossa escala através de TRI. A escala e o banco de itens a ela associado devem viabilizar um feedback construtivo que ajude os alunos a desenvolverem competências metacognitivas.

Les hôpitaux et les centres médicaux produisent une énorme quantité d'images médicales numériques chaque jour, notamment sous la forme de séquences d'images. En raison de la grande capacité de stockage et de la bande passante de transmission limitée, une technique de compression efficace est nécessaire. Nous avons proposé un algorithme de compression de séquences d'images médicales MMWaaves. Il repose sur l'utilisation de modèles Markovien couplé avec le codeur Waaves de la société Cira qui est certifié en tant que dispositif médicale. Nous avons démontré que MMWaaves a apporté un gain de compression supérieur à 30% par rapport à JPEG2000 et Waaves tout en gardant la qualité nécessaire pour les diagnostics cliniques (SSIM>0.98). En outre, il a permis d'atteindre des taux de compression égaux à ceux obtenus par H.264 en améliorant la qualité. Ensuite, nous avons développé une nouvelle chaine de compression MLPWaaves à base de différence en DWT suivie d'un nouveau modèle de tri adaptatif LPEAM permettant l'optimisation de la stationnarité locale des coefficients. Nous avons obtenu un gain de compression allant à 80% par rapport à Waaves et JPEG2000 tout en assurant une qualité exceptionnelle pour le diagnostic médical. Finalement, afin de transmettre à distance les images médicales du centre de santé à l'appareil mobile du médecin, nous avons proposé un système de télé-radiologie pour le codage et le décodage basé sur nouveau paradigme multithreading. La validation de cette nouvelle solution a été réalisée sur deux plateformes différentes. Nous avons obtenu un facteur d'accélération égal à 5 sur un Intel Core i7-2600 et un facteur égal à 3 sur une tablette Samsung Galaxy
Hospitals and medical centers produce an enormous amount of digital medical images every day especially in the form of image sequences. Due to the large storage size and limited transmission and width, an efficient compression technique is necessary. We first proposed a compressor algorithm for medical images sequences MMWaaves. It is based on Markov fields coupled with the certified medical device Waaves of Cira company. We demonstrated that MMWaaves provided a compression gains greater than 30% compared to JPEG2000 and Waaves while ensuring outstanding image quality for medical diagnosis (SSIM> 0.98). In addition, it achieved compression rates equal to those obtained by H.264 while improving the image quality. Then we developed a new compression algorithm MLPWaaves based on DWT difference followed by a new adaptive scanning model LPEAM in order to optimize the local stationary of wavelet coefficients. We obtained a compression gain up to 80% compared to Waaves and JPEG2000 while ensuring exceptional quality for medical diagnosis. Finally, in order to transmit medical images for diagnostic from the health center to the mobile device of the doctor, we proposed client-server remote radiology system for encoding and decoding. It is based on a multithreading paradigm to accelerate treatment. The validation of this solution was performed on two different platforms. We achieved an acceleration factor of 5 on an Intel Core i7-2600 and a factor of 3 on Samsung Galaxy tablet

The aim of the Diploma thesis is to find out the necessary extent to which Slovak company must adjust its marketing strategy to conditions on the Czech market and to work out proposals for improvement of the strategy. The thesis deals with basic approaches to international marketing strategy, their advantages and drawbacks, types of communication media used in international environment and the relationship between communication policy and the rest of the elements of marketing mix in detail. This theoretical knowledge is used in terms of particular company which entered the Czech market. The thesis thereinafter analyses the extent of necessary adjustment of marketing strategy of the company to conditions on the Czech market based on the information provided directly by the management of the company and conducted market research. At the end of the thesis there are proposals for improvement of the strategy of the company which do not have to be in total accordance with its company goals.

The main goal of the thesis is to develop a specific proposition for adaptation of LGI Czechia's marketing strategy with respect to its current position on the Czech market. The first part of the thesis offers indispensable theoretical knowledge of marketing theory and financial analysis. These theoretical foundations are practically applied in the second part of the thesis, which begins with introduction of LGI Czechia, analysis of its marketing strategy and marketing environment as well as its internal predispositions. Based on particular findings the thesis summarizes key marketing areas suitable for improvement. Next part focuses on the adaptation of marketing strategy as it captures problematic areas and develops specific marketing solutions for improvement. Additionally the thesis also offers basic financial analysis of LGI Czechia in comparison with its competitor Kühne + Nagel.

This thesis is focused on adaptation of GEHE Pharma marketing strategy on the Czech wholesaler's market with pharmaceutical products. In the first part the theoretical background needed for the application part of the thesis is summarized. I mention here the possibilities of internationalization, visions and targets of the firms working on the foreign markets and basic analyses needed for acting there. Then I summarize the possibilities of adaptation of the marketing mix mention the specifics of the B2B and the pharmaceutical market. In the following application part GEHE Pharma Company is presented and also her acting on the pharmaceutical market. Then the concrete analyses are made (PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, and Czech pharmaceutical market analysis) and the adaptation of marketing mix of the company was summarized. In the last part of the thesis some suggestions for ameliorations of particular parts of marketing mix are made.

On cherche à quantifier l'action de la balistique intermédiaire sur le vol des projectiles flèches issus de tirs d'armes de calibre moyen employées lors de campagnes d'essais au giat-industries. Ceci conduit à l'étude d'un type de tir d'arme très particulier dénommé tir instationnaire à grande vitesse. Ce dernier est caractérise expérimentalement par l'absence totale de pallier de pression constante sur la mesure de la pression de bouche, et, après le débouchage, par l'arrivée tardive des conditions soniques à la bouche. Pour réduire les coûts des campagnes d'essais et pour fixer avec précision la chronologie de l'interaction, on a mis en place une simulation à échelle réduite des tirs avec prise de clichés ombroscopiques. Les règles de similitude mises au point à l'IMFL pour l'étude des tirs classiques ont été adaptées à ces tirs. Les conditions instationnaires de sortie sont alors prises en compte dans le cadre d'une approche quasi-stationnaire. On montre ainsi que l'écoulement est principalement déterminé par l'énergie émise à la bouche durant un temps caractérisitique d'émission. En utilisant les résultats issus d'essais d'interaction force, on démontre que l'action de la balistique intermédiaire sur le vol des projectiles flèches dépend principalement de la durée de l'interaction et de l'aspect dissymétrique de l'écoulement. Enfin on étend à ces tirs une loi de propagation du souffle sur l'axe de tir développée à l'IMFL et concernant les tirs classiques. Des diagrammes de marche sont ainsi mis en place. L'expérience montre alors que la loi analytique permet d'approcher la propagation réelle du souffle avec une précision de l'ordre de 98%, à partir des seules données de la vitesse du projectile, des mesures de la pression de bouche et du temps d'arrivée du souffle en un point suffisamment éloigne de la bouche.

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In the search for an approach that embraced language learning in a more global and dynamic way, applied linguists such as Larsen-Freeman (1997) and Paiva (2005) resorted to Chaos/Complexity theories as a metaphor to deal with the learning process. In this perspective, we defend that learning a language is a complex adaptive system (CAS), since it has all of its characteristics: it is open, susceptible to external factors and to initial conditions, unpredictable, non-linear, ruled by low level rules and self-organized. Besides, in order to keep functioning, active, a CAS needs the interaction among its constituting elements. In this study, we also worked with the concept of interlanguage, developed through five central processes (SELINKER, 1972) which we understand to have some points in common with the characteristics that constitute the CAS. It is also relevant to ponder the fact that the learning process of a foreign language can be affected by many factors through time, as well as that it does not follow a determined pattern of development, something that could be predicted. Likewise, innate factors should be taken into account in the learning process, since the context in which it takes place also plays an important role in the success of learning a language. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate, through the writing ability being practiced and shown in a blog, the development of the interlanguage of two students of a teaching course in Languages/English of a public university. The intention was to verify how the interlanguage of the two students behaves during the sixth and seventh semester of English Language when the online activity was developed, analyzing the fluency, accuracy and grammatical complexity of their published texts. Besides, we observed how the collaborative correction of these texts, when the students worked as proofreaders of one another, making linguistic as well as communicative adjustments in the productions using the online tool, can influence their interlanguage, contributing to their improvement in writing in English.
Na busca por uma abordagem que abarcasse a aprendizagem de línguas de uma forma mais global e dinâmica, linguistas aplicados como Larsen-Freeman (1997) e Paiva (2005) recorreram às teorias do Caos/Complexidade como metáfora para tratar desse processo. Nessa perspectiva, defende-se que aprender uma língua é um sistema adaptativo complexo, pois possui todas as suas características: é aberto, sensível a fatores externos e a condições iniciais, imprevisível, não-linear, regido por regras de baixo nível e auto-organizável. Além disso, considera-se também que para um sistema se manter ativo, funcionando, é necessária a interação de suas partes, já que é por meio da interação que os elementos que constituem o sistema são mantidos em constante movimento. Neste estudo também se trabalhou com o conceito de interlíngua, desenvolvida por meio de cinco processos centrais (SELINKER,1972), os quais se entende que possuem pontos de contato com as características que delineiam os sistemas complexos. É também relevante atentar para o fato de que o processo de aprendizagem de um idioma pode ser afetado por diversos fatores ao longo do tempo, além de não seguir um padrão determinado de desenvolvimento que possa ser previsto. Da mesma forma como questões inatas devem ser consideradas na aquisição de uma língua, o meio onde esse processo se dá também desempenha um papel importante para o sucesso na aprendizagem. Assim, o foco da presente pesquisa foi investigar o desenvolvimento da interlíngua em duas alunas de um curso de Licenciatura em Letras Habilitação em Língua Inglesa de uma universidade federal por meio da observação da presença da interlíngua na habilidade escrita trabalhada em um blog. Pretendeu-se verificar, por meio da fluência, precisão e complexidade gramatical dos textos publicados pelas alunas, como sua interlíngua comportou-se durante o sexto e o sétimo semestres da disciplina de Língua Inglesa em que a atividade de produção online nessa língua foi proposta. Além disso, se observou como o trabalho colaborativo mediado pela ferramenta online, em que os colegas agiram como revisores dos comunicativa, pode influenciar a interlíngua dessas alunas, contribuindo para seu aprimoramento na escrita no idioma.

Il termine "adattamento", nella sua accezione di "adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici", è oggi un umbrella term che ne sta riducendo la capacità proiettiva. Oggetto della tesi è quindi l’adattamento nella sua più ampia accezione. Obiettivo principale della ricerca è quindi perimetrare la nuova cultura progettuale che lentamente sta cambiando in profondità il corpo del territorio e le pratiche d’uso che lo attraversano. Per comprendere meglio cos’è l’adattamento, come lo si può descrivere, leggere, interpretare e inquadrare all’interno delle scienze del territorio, è necessario analizzare questo tema con uno sguardo che possiamo definire “strabico”. Da un lato – da lontano – utile a costruire un perimetro concettuale utile a individuare le culture che ne stanno alla base, dall’altro – con un punto di vista ravvicinato – con uno sguardo capace di contestualizzare e riconoscere l’adattamento nei processi di trasformazione che sono in atto nel territorio, per riconoscere materiali, attori, geografie e razionalità.
The term "adaptation," in its meaning of "adaptation to climate change," is now an umbrella term that is reducing its projective capacity. The subject of this thesis is therefore adaptation in its broadest sense. The main objective of the research is thus to perimeter the new design culture that is slowly changing in depth the body of land and the practices of use that go through it. In order to better understand what adaptation is, how it can be described, read, interpreted and framed within the land sciences, it is necessary to analyze this topic with a gaze that we can define as "squinting." On the one hand-from a distance-helpful to construct a conceptual perimeter useful to identify the underlying cultures, on the other hand-with a close viewpoint-with a gaze capable of contextualizing and recognizing adaptation in the processes of transformation that are taking place in the territory, in order to recognize materials, actors, geographies and rationales.

The work of Shakespeare has been popular to make film adaptations of from the birth of cinema. Macbeth, one of his most often played tragedies, is no exception. But how did Shakespeare portray Lady Macbeth in his play, and how do directors in the 21th century choose to portray her for a modern audience? I will try to find the answer to these questions by analyzing Shakespeare´s play as well as three modern adaptations. I will begin the thesis by looking at scholars´ view in questions regarding gender, free will, adaptations and genre before analyzing the play and the three movies. I will do this so in order to make comparisons between the play and the three adaptations. My conclusion is that Shakespeare wrote Lady Macbeth as a strong woman, an “unwomanly” woman of her time. The three adaptations also portray her as a strong woman, but in three different ways. I cannot draw any overall conclusions as this thesis is a subjective interpretation of text as well as picture, but further analysis of more adaptations of Macbeth can perhaps verify what has been stated in this thesis.

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There are two main approaches for using in adaptive controllers. One is the so-called model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and the other is the so-called adaptive pole placement control (APPC). In MRAC, a reference model is chosen to generate the desired trajectory that the plant output has to follow, and it can require cancellation of the plant zeros. Due to its flexibility in choosing the controller design methodology (state feedback, compensator design, linear quadratic, etc.) and the adaptive law (least squares, gradient, etc.), the APPC is the most general type of adaptive control. Traditionally, it has been developed in an indirect approach and, as an advantage, it may be applied to non-minimum phase plants, because do not involve plant zero-pole cancellations. The integration to variable structure systems allows to aggregate fast transient and robustness to parametric uncertainties and disturbances, as well. In this work, a variable structure adaptive pole placement control (VS-APPC) is proposed. Therefore, new switching laws are proposed, instead of using the traditional integral adaptive laws. Additionally, simulation results for an unstable first order system and simulation and practical results for a three-phase induction motor are shown
Existem dois m?todos principais para a constru??o de controladores adaptativos. Um deles ? o controle adaptativo por modelo de refer?ncia (MRAC) e o outro ? o controle adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los (APPC). No MRAC, um modelo de refer?ncia ? escolhido para gerar a trajet?ria desejada que o sinal de sa?da da planta deve seguir, e ele pode requerer o cancelamento de zeros da planta. Devido a sua flexibilidade em escolher a metodologia de projeto do controlador (realimenta??o de estado, projeto de compensador, linear quadr?tico, etc.) e a lei adaptativa (m?nimos quadrados, m?todo do gradiente, etc.), o APPC ? o tipo mais geral de controle adaptativo. Tradicionalmente, vem sendo desenvolvido em uma abordagem indireta e, como uma vantagem, pode ser aplicado a plantas de fase n?o-m?nima, j? que n?o envolve cancelamentos de zeros e p?los. A integra??o aos sistemas com estrutura vari?vel permite agregar rapidez no transit?rio e robustez ?s varia??es param?tricas e perturba??es. O objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver um controlador adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los e estrutura vari?vel (VS-APPC). Portanto, s?o propostas leis chaveadas em substitui??o ?s leis adaptativas integrais tradicionais. Adicionalmente, s?o apresentadas simula??es para uma planta de primeira ordem inst?vel, assim como simula??es e resultados pr?ticos da aplica??o da t?cnica proposta a um motor de indu??o trif?sico

La ricerca si colloca nell’ambito degli studi sull’adattamento, scegliendo una prospettiva ispirata alle teorie sviluppate dal filosofo russo Michail Bachtin riguardo all’autorialità. La domanda da cui muove l’analisi di tre adattamenti audiovisivi del romanzo dostoevskiano I fratelli Karamazov si riferisce all’adattabilità sullo schermo del principio letterario della polifonia, individuato da Bachtin. I tre adattamenti, scelti per elementi di omogeneità formale e di eterogeneità rispetto alla resa polifonica sono: il film Brothers Karamazov (Richard Brooks, Stati Uniti 1958); lo sceneggiato televisivo I fratelli Karamazov, (Sandro Bolchi, Italia 1969) e il film Brat’ja Karamazovy, (Ivan Pyr’ev, Michail Ul’janov e Kirill Lavrov, Unione Sovietica 1969). Prima di procedere alle analisi, attraverso una disamina della critica e dei testi bachtinani, abbiamo voluto riconnettere la polifonia letteraria alle ricerche filosofiche dal teorico russo nel corso degli anni Venti e all’humus culturale della filosofia religiosa russa. In seguito a questo approfondimento “genealogico”, abbiamo identificato le implicazioni formali della polifonia e avanzato la nostra proposta metodologica, fondata sulla ripresa dell’elemento autoriale in senso bachtiniano. Nel corso degli anni Settanta, infatti, la critica letteraria e cinematografica è stata influenza dal concetto di morte dell’Autore e ha posto l’accento univocamente sull’intertestualità. Attraverso una disamina delle teorie dell’adattamento, dalla trasmutazione di Umberto Eco alla ri-creazione di Carlo Testa, proponiamo una nuova formulazione ispirata agli studi bachtiniani sull’eccedenza di visione, la posizione nel mondo unica e insostituibile da cui scaturisce la visione dell’autore ( e, nel nostro caso, dell’adattatore). In un secondo momento l’analisi si rivolge alla sceneggiatura e al prodotto audiovisivo, attraverso una metodologia integrata che contempli una fase comparativa, drammaturgica, strutturale, tematica e linguistica. Il proposito che orienta le fasi dell’analisi è quello di valutare la resa polifonica delle tre opere, identificando le condizioni che agevolano la polifonia in un prodotto audiovisivo.
The research pertains to the field of adaptation studies, choosing a perspective inspired by the theories developed by Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin on authorship. The question from which the whole analysis of the three audiovisual adaptations of Dostoyevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov moves, refers to the adaptability for the screen of the literary principle of polyphony as identified by Bakhtin. The three adaptations, chosen for elements of formal homogeneity and heterogeneity in relationship to polyphonic rendition are: the movie Brothers Karamazov (Richard Brooks, USA 1958); the TV Drama I fratelli Karamazov (Sandro Bolchi, Italy 1969) and the movie Bratya Karamazovy, (Ivan Pyryev, Michail Ulyanov and Kirill Lavrov, Soviet Union 1969). Before moving forward with the analysis, through an examination of both Bakhtin’s critic and texts, we wanted to reconnect literary polyphony with the Russian theoretician’s philological research in the 1920’s and the cultural hummus of Russian religious philosophy. After this “genealogical” study, we identified polyphony’s formal implications and advanced our methodological proposal, founded on the assessment of the authorial element in a bakhtinian sense. During the Seventies, in fact, literary and film critic was influenced by the concept of the death of the Author, and focused uniquely on intertextuality Through an examination of adaptation theories, from Umberto Eco’s transmutation to Carlo Testa’s re-creation, we are proposing a new formulation inspired by bakhtinian studies on surplus vision, the unique and irreplaceable view of the world the author’s (and in our case, the adapter’s) vision stems from. At a later stage the analysis turns to the screenplay and the audiovisual product, through an integrated methodology covering a comparative, dramaturgical, structural, thematic and linguistic phase. The purpose that guides the phases of the analysis is to evaluate the polyphonic rendition of the three works, identifying the conditions that facilitate polyphony in an audiovisual product.

La ricerca si colloca nell’ambito degli studi sull’adattamento, scegliendo una prospettiva ispirata alle teorie sviluppate dal filosofo russo Michail Bachtin riguardo all’autorialità. La domanda da cui muove l’analisi di tre adattamenti audiovisivi del romanzo dostoevskiano I fratelli Karamazov si riferisce all’adattabilità sullo schermo del principio letterario della polifonia, individuato da Bachtin. I tre adattamenti, scelti per elementi di omogeneità formale e di eterogeneità rispetto alla resa polifonica sono: il film Brothers Karamazov (Richard Brooks, Stati Uniti 1958); lo sceneggiato televisivo I fratelli Karamazov, (Sandro Bolchi, Italia 1969) e il film Brat’ja Karamazovy, (Ivan Pyr’ev, Michail Ul’janov e Kirill Lavrov, Unione Sovietica 1969). Prima di procedere alle analisi, attraverso una disamina della critica e dei testi bachtinani, abbiamo voluto riconnettere la polifonia letteraria alle ricerche filosofiche dal teorico russo nel corso degli anni Venti e all’humus culturale della filosofia religiosa russa. In seguito a questo approfondimento “genealogico”, abbiamo identificato le implicazioni formali della polifonia e avanzato la nostra proposta metodologica, fondata sulla ripresa dell’elemento autoriale in senso bachtiniano. Nel corso degli anni Settanta, infatti, la critica letteraria e cinematografica è stata influenza dal concetto di morte dell’Autore e ha posto l’accento univocamente sull’intertestualità. Attraverso una disamina delle teorie dell’adattamento, dalla trasmutazione di Umberto Eco alla ri-creazione di Carlo Testa, proponiamo una nuova formulazione ispirata agli studi bachtiniani sull’eccedenza di visione, la posizione nel mondo unica e insostituibile da cui scaturisce la visione dell’autore ( e, nel nostro caso, dell’adattatore). In un secondo momento l’analisi si rivolge alla sceneggiatura e al prodotto audiovisivo, attraverso una metodologia integrata che contempli una fase comparativa, drammaturgica, strutturale, tematica e linguistica. Il proposito che orienta le fasi dell’analisi è quello di valutare la resa polifonica delle tre opere, identificando le condizioni che agevolano la polifonia in un prodotto audiovisivo.
The research pertains to the field of adaptation studies, choosing a perspective inspired by the theories developed by Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin on authorship. The question from which the whole analysis of the three audiovisual adaptations of Dostoyevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov moves, refers to the adaptability for the screen of the literary principle of polyphony as identified by Bakhtin. The three adaptations, chosen for elements of formal homogeneity and heterogeneity in relationship to polyphonic rendition are: the movie Brothers Karamazov (Richard Brooks, USA 1958); the TV Drama I fratelli Karamazov (Sandro Bolchi, Italy 1969) and the movie Bratya Karamazovy, (Ivan Pyryev, Michail Ulyanov and Kirill Lavrov, Soviet Union 1969). Before moving forward with the analysis, through an examination of both Bakhtin’s critic and texts, we wanted to reconnect literary polyphony with the Russian theoretician’s philological research in the 1920’s and the cultural hummus of Russian religious philosophy. After this “genealogical” study, we identified polyphony’s formal implications and advanced our methodological proposal, founded on the assessment of the authorial element in a bakhtinian sense. During the Seventies, in fact, literary and film critic was influenced by the concept of the death of the Author, and focused uniquely on intertextuality Through an examination of adaptation theories, from Umberto Eco’s transmutation to Carlo Testa’s re-creation, we are proposing a new formulation inspired by bakhtinian studies on surplus vision, the unique and irreplaceable view of the world the author’s (and in our case, the adapter’s) vision stems from. At a later stage the analysis turns to the screenplay and the audiovisual product, through an integrated methodology covering a comparative, dramaturgical, structural, thematic and linguistic phase. The purpose that guides the phases of the analysis is to evaluate the polyphonic rendition of the three works, identifying the conditions that facilitate polyphony in an audiovisual product.

Cette th��se de doctorat a pour objet l'��dition critique, la traduction et l'analyse de l'oeuvre th����trale compl��te de Fran��ois de Cort��te (1585-1667). Ce seigneur agenais a ��volu�� dans l'entourage d'Adrien de Monluc, m��c��ne et protecteur de nombreux auteurs de langue fran��aise et de langue occitane. Le th����tre de Cort��te, partiellement ��dit�� apr��s sa mort par ses fils, pr��sente deux pastorales qui se distinguent par un certain " souci de r��alit�� " dans la repr��sentation des bergers mis en sc��ne sur les terres dont il est le seigneur. La Miramondo explore les r��gles d'unit��s ; dans son Ramonnet Cort��te reprend l'��thnotype comique du matamore gascon dont il inverse le sens du ridicule en dessinant un des premiers portraits de francimand de la litt��rature en langue occitane ; Sancho al palays del Duc est une com��die, qui sur le mod��le de Gu��rin de Bouscal, adapte �� la sc��ne une dizaine de chapitres du second livre du Quichotte. A l'instar du po��te toulousain Pierre Godolin en po��sie, Cort��te exploite et illustre les ressources de la langue d'oc en produisant une oeuvre th����trale sur le mod��le des cr��ations contemporaines des ��lites europ��ennes. Ses trois pi��ces refl��tent la richesse et ladiversit�� de la production th����trale en France entre les ann��es 1630 et 1650 ainsi que les bouleversements qui la traversent. Cette ��dition, r��alis��e �� partir des manuscrits autographes, se veut aussi fid��le que possible au texte tout en veillant �� pr��server sa lisibilit��. Elle constitue aussi la premi��re traduction fran��aise du th����tre de Cort��te de Prades. Aucune indication de datation n'ayant ��t�� donn��e par l'auteur sur la chronologie de la composition de ses pi��ces et la bibliographie critique ��tant extr��mement r��duite, l'analyse donn��e en introduction aborde les trois pi��ces de mani��retransversale et tente de r��pondre �� cette probl��matique chronologique tout en pr��cisant et en explorant les principales questions qui d��finissent la singularit�� de cette oeuvre.

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come oggetto la trasposizione televisiva di tre romanzi character driven: Heidi, Pippi Calzelunghe e The Story of Tracy Beaker. Questi, analizzati soprattutto dal punto di vista della protagonista femminile, sono stati studiati, così come i relativi adattamenti, utilizzando un modello metodologico di analisi che poggia le sue basi teoriche sia nell'estetica della letteratura per ragazzi sia nelle teorie dell'adattamento e della sceneggiatura. Il mercato audiovisivo e la tipologia di spettatori cambiano rapidamente e ciò rende necessaria un'attualizzazione non solo tematica, ma anche stilistica dell'opera originaria, alla ricerca di un compromesso tra la fedeltà al testo iniziale, necessaria per permettere al target l'immediata riconoscibilità dell'opera e dei personaggi, e l'esigenza di rispettare le richieste della contemporaneità. A livello accademico, lo studio degli adattamenti della letteratura per l'infanzia si è concentrato quasi esclusivamente in ambito cinematografico e non televisivo, nonostante quest'ultimo fornisca molti spunti di riflessione tanto sul processo di adattamento in sé quanto sulla serialità. Il presente lavoro si propone perciò di andare a riempire il gap teorico sull'argomento, ponendosi necessariamente a cavallo di due ambiti, -la letteratura e l'audiovisivo. Di conseguenza, l'approccio privilegiato è più letterario che pedagogico e si interseca con gli studi sull'adattamento e sull'industria audiovisiva.
This PhD dissertation investigates the adaptations from children's novels into television series, with a focus on three character-driven stories: Heidi, Pippi Longstockings and The Story of Tracy Beaker. Starting from the original novels, investigated mostly from the point of view of the female protagonist, the study then analyses the corresponding television adaptations, whether animated or live action, through a methodology that has its theoretical basis both in the aesthetics of children's literature and in the screenwriting theories. Nowadays, the audiovisual market and therefore the public are changing rapidly, making it necessary to update the thematic and the stylistic features of the original works from which the adaptations are drawn. Actually, adaptation is often a compromise between the contemporary market demand and the fidelity to the content, necessary to fulfil the expectations of the target audience. Surprisingly, there is a scarcity of critical literature on children's television adaptations, even if they represent a very rich topic as they raise specific issues both on the adaptation process itself and on serialisation. The present work, therefore, aims to fill the existing gap in the field of children's adaptations, placing itself where two critical areas, literature and media, meet. Consequently, the primary narrative approach intersects with studies on adaptation and audiovisual industry.

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come oggetto la trasposizione televisiva di tre romanzi character driven: Heidi, Pippi Calzelunghe e The Story of Tracy Beaker. Questi, analizzati soprattutto dal punto di vista della protagonista femminile, sono stati studiati, così come i relativi adattamenti, utilizzando un modello metodologico di analisi che poggia le sue basi teoriche sia nell'estetica della letteratura per ragazzi sia nelle teorie dell'adattamento e della sceneggiatura. Il mercato audiovisivo e la tipologia di spettatori cambiano rapidamente e ciò rende necessaria un'attualizzazione non solo tematica, ma anche stilistica dell'opera originaria, alla ricerca di un compromesso tra la fedeltà al testo iniziale, necessaria per permettere al target l'immediata riconoscibilità dell'opera e dei personaggi, e l'esigenza di rispettare le richieste della contemporaneità. A livello accademico, lo studio degli adattamenti della letteratura per l'infanzia si è concentrato quasi esclusivamente in ambito cinematografico e non televisivo, nonostante quest'ultimo fornisca molti spunti di riflessione tanto sul processo di adattamento in sé quanto sulla serialità. Il presente lavoro si propone perciò di andare a riempire il gap teorico sull'argomento, ponendosi necessariamente a cavallo di due ambiti, -la letteratura e l'audiovisivo. Di conseguenza, l'approccio privilegiato è più letterario che pedagogico e si interseca con gli studi sull'adattamento e sull'industria audiovisiva.
This PhD dissertation investigates the adaptations from children's novels into television series, with a focus on three character-driven stories: Heidi, Pippi Longstockings and The Story of Tracy Beaker. Starting from the original novels, investigated mostly from the point of view of the female protagonist, the study then analyses the corresponding television adaptations, whether animated or live action, through a methodology that has its theoretical basis both in the aesthetics of children's literature and in the screenwriting theories. Nowadays, the audiovisual market and therefore the public are changing rapidly, making it necessary to update the thematic and the stylistic features of the original works from which the adaptations are drawn. Actually, adaptation is often a compromise between the contemporary market demand and the fidelity to the content, necessary to fulfil the expectations of the target audience. Surprisingly, there is a scarcity of critical literature on children's television adaptations, even if they represent a very rich topic as they raise specific issues both on the adaptation process itself and on serialisation. The present work, therefore, aims to fill the existing gap in the field of children's adaptations, placing itself where two critical areas, literature and media, meet. Consequently, the primary narrative approach intersects with studies on adaptation and audiovisual industry.

Lors des interactions tri-trophiques impliquant une plante hôte, ses insectes phytophages et leurs ennemis naturels (parasitoïdes, prédateurs...), chaque niveau trophique est fortement dépendant des autres. La plante hôte peut influencer directement les traits d’histoire de vie des insectes phytophages et indirectement les ennemis naturels se développant aux dépens de ces insectes phytophages. Lorsque qu’un ennemi naturel comme un parasitoïde attaque l’insecte phytophage, son système immunitaire constitue sa dernière chance de survie. Une grande variation dans l’immunité des insectes est généralement observée dans les populations naturelles, suggérant que différentes pressions de sélection peuvent moduler et conduire à une adaptation des paramètres immunitaires. Ma thèse vise à déterminer les influences conjointes de la plante hôte et des parasitoïdes, sur les paramètres immunitaires des chenilles de deux ravageurs de la vigne, Cochylis (Eupoecilia ambiguella) et Eudémis (Lobesia botrana).Durant ces 3 années, nous avons mis en évidence une forte influence du cépage de vigne sur les effecteurs immunitaires des chenilles de vers de la grappe. De plus, le cépage de vigne semble être à l'origine d'un compromis entre les voies immunitaires constitutives et induites. La présence variable de bactéries à la surface des baies ne semble pas être à l'origine de ce compromis. Outre le cépage de vigne, nous avons démontré une forte action des parasitoïdes sur l'immunité des vers de la grappe. A l'échelle nationale, les populations d’Eudémis les plus immunocompétentes sont également les populations les plus parasitées. Cette corrélation positive entre le succès de parasitisme et les paramètres immunitaires des chenilles ne semble pas expliquée par une réponse plastique du système immunitaire des chenilles à la présence des parasitoïdes, mais plutôt par une sélection locale du système immunitaire, en réponse à la pression de parasitisme subie par ces chenilles sur plusieurs années. Les différentes études réalisées dans le cadre de ma thèse confirment la complexité des relations tri-trophiques entre la plante hôte, l’insecte phytophage et ses ennemis naturels. L’intégration du système immunitaire de l’insecte phytophage semble primordiale dans la compréhension des interactions unissant ces trois protagonistes
In tritrophic interactions involving phytophagous insects, host plants and natural enemies, trophic levels are highly dependent on each other. Host plant may strongly affect directly phytophagous insect and indirectly natural enemies growing on these phytophagous insects. When a natural enemy attacks a phytophagous insect, the host immune system constitutes the last chance for the host to survive to an infection. A great variation of insect immune system is generally found in populations for susceptibility to pathogens, suggesting that variable selection pressures may have shaped and driven adaptation of immune traits. This project aims to determine the influence of both host plant and natural enemies on the larval immune system of grapevine moth pests, Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella.During these three years, we have demonstrated a strong influence of grape variety on immune effectors of grapevine moth larvae. In addition, the grape variety modulates a trade-off between the constitutive and induced immune pathways. The variable presence of microbes on the surface of grape berries does not explain the trade-off in immune function. Beyond the grape variety effect, we also demonstrated a strong influence of parasitoids on the immune parameters of the grapevine moth larvae. In France, the most immunocompetent populations of grapevine moth are also the most parasitized. This positive correlation between successful parasitism and larval immune parameters seems not explained by a plastic response of the larval immune system to parasitoids presence, but rather by a local selection of larval immune system in response to parasitism pressure suffered by larvae for several years.The different experiments realized in my thesis confirm the complexity of the tri-trophic interactions between host plant, phytophagous insects and natural enemies. The integration of phytophagous insect immune system seems essential in understanding the interactions linking these three protagonists

Le Vietnam du Doi Moi poursuit sa libéralisation économique tout en consolidant le système politique hérité du marxisme-léninisme. Ce paradoxe influence considérablement son processus d'intégration économique internationale et se manifeste particulièrement dans le commerce des services. La manière dans laquelle le Vietnam reconnaît le principe de non-discrimination via les traités bilatéraux, plurilatéraux et multilatéraux, tant sous l'angle du commerce des services que sous l'angle de l'investissement, le prouve. Par ailleurs, dans le souci d'accélérer le développement économique, d'importantes réformes relatives au droit des affaires ont supprimé des discriminations substantielles entre les opérateurs économiques. Cependant, en raison de l'insuffisance de l'adapatation structurelle, la mise en oeuvre du principe de non-discrimination pose toujours de nombreuses difficultés
Vietnam of Doi Moi pursues economic liberalization while strengthening the political system initiated from Marxism-Leninism. This paradox significantly influences its international economic integration process and manifests itself especially in the domain of trade in services. This is demonstrated by the manner in which Vietnam recognizes the principle of non-discrimination, through bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral agreements, in trade in services as well as in investements. Besides, in order to accelerate economic development, important reforms on business law have removed substancial discriminations between economic operators. However, the insufficient ajustement on structural matters still poses many problems for the implementation of the principle of non-discrimonation

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
客家文化研究所
107
Abstract This study employed Hakka people from Tai Po, Guangdong Province, who had moved to Taiwan after 1945. After arriving in Taiwan, they settled in southern areas, such as Pingtung, Tainan, and Miaoli, among other places. There were a total of eleven research subjects. Through in-depth interviews and discourse analysis, the author tried to understand the mentality of the Tai Po Hakka immigrants who had moved to Taiwan, and the choices, adaptations, and relationships that followed the Tai Po’s Hakka immigration, in order to record the collective memories and the ethnic identity of the Tai Po Hakka immigrants. The purpose of the research is threefold. First, people with similar immigration background experiences should be provided emotional connections to increase opportunities for communication; second, to allow the parties to recognize and appreciate the arduous task undertaken by their ancestors by moving to Taiwan to settle down and start their own businesses; and third, in response to questions raised during a literature search, the ethnic identity of the Tai Po Hakka immigrants after the war is explained. Looking back at the immigration history of the Tai Po Hakka immigrants, it was found that eight years of fights was followed by a civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in mainland China. Life was not stable, which prompted them to choose to emigrate. The choice of Taiwan as a place of residence was effected by many considerations, including Taiwan's suitability for living, suitability for farming, proximity to their home country and leaders, and work availability. Tai Po Hakka immigrants needed to face unexpected and unfamiliar elements such as the physical environment, language, diet, interpersonal relationships, and education in a new environment, and gradually adapt to life in their new home. From their personal language and their dietary customs, it is evident that the collective memory of the immigrant parents, conveyed by language and diet to their children, allowed the Hakka culture to continue in succeeding generations. In action, this manifests itself as the acts of participating in hometown associations and returning home to visit relatives. It gives rise to subjective feelings such as sense of identity, glory, feelings of affection and belonging, and it allows for recognition of the Tai Po hometown.

Yan Jing Linda.
Thesis submitted in: December 2003.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
中文摘要 --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Question --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Zhejiang Provincial TV Station and the Economic Life Channel --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- The Advertising Department --- p.9
Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology --- p.11
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- """STRATEGIC ADAPTATION"": ANEO-INSTITUTIONAL-SOCIOLOGY APPROACH"
Chapter 2.1 --- Transaction Cost and Organizational Mode --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Organizations and Institutions in Transition Societies --- p.16
Chapter 2.3 --- Studies on China's Media Reform --- p.19
Chapter 2.4 --- """Strategic Adaptation""" --- p.21
Chapter 2.5 --- "Behavioral Patterns of ""Strategic Adaptation""" --- p.22
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- INSTITUTIONAL CONFLICTS IN A TRANSITIONAL MEDIA ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 3.1 --- Partial Reform and Duality of Institutional Demands --- p.26
Chapter 3.1.1 --- "“Old´حInstitutional Demands - the ""Propaganda Work Guidebook""" --- p.30
News Censorship and Programming Policy --- p.31
Propaganda Quality Responsible Contract --- p.32
Chapter 3.1.2 --- “New´حInstitutional Demands 一 The Financial Responsible Contract --- p.34
Revenue Target --- p.34
Employment Terms and Performance Based Job Allowances --- p.35
Chapter 3.2 --- Ambiguities and Conflicts --- p.37
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION: DECOUPLING OF ACTIVITIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Chapter 4.1 --- Structural Adaptation in a Transitional Context --- p.39
Chapter 4.2 --- Spanning of Space --- p.42
Chapter 4.3 --- Spanning of Practice --- p.47
Chapter 4.4 --- Spanning of Identity --- p.50
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.52
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- SYMBOLIC ADAPTATION: BUILDING A SYMBOLIC BRIDGE
Chapter 5.1 --- Symbolic Adaptation in a Transitional Context --- p.55
Chapter 5.2 --- Boundary Blurring --- p.56
Chapter 6.3 --- Symbolic Packaging --- p.60
Chapter 6.4 --- Ideological Framing --- p.63
Chapter 6.5 --- Discussion --- p.68
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- RECIPROCAL BEHAVIORS
Chapter 5.1 --- Reciprocal Behaviors in a Transitional Context --- p.69
Chapter 5.2 --- Emergent Networking --- p.72
Chapter 5.3 --- Prospective Networking --- p.77
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.81
Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.84
Chapter 7.2 --- """Strategic Adaptation""" --- p.87
Chapter 7.3 --- A Micro and Macro Link --- p.88
Chapter 7.4 --- Generalizability and Boundaries of Findings --- p.90
Chapter 7.5 --- Limitations and Agenda for Future Research --- p.92
Bibliography --- p.95

碩士
臺北巿立體育學院
運動器材研究所
99
Purpose: To investigate the effect of 8-weeks Tai Chi-Vibration complex training on vertical jump, tactile acuity, muscular control and peripheral nerve adaptation. Methods: Sixty-four healthy college students were divided into a Tai Chi Chuan with vibration group (TAV), a Tai Chi Chuan group (TAI), a vibration group (VB), and a control group (CON) for 8 weeks training period with 3 times per week. The vertical jump, tactile acuity of the midfoot, muscular control of quadriceps muscle, H-reflex and M-wave of gastrocnemius muscle were measured at pre- and post-training. The two-way ANOVA with mixed design were used for statistic analysis. Results: The results showed that the vertical jump significantly increased in both TAV and VB groups (p< .05). The VB group was significant higher the change rate of second vertical jump than that of TAI and CON groups (p< .05). The Tactile acuity significantly improved in both TAV and TAI groups (p< .05). The muscular control ability of TAI group significantly increased, and its changing rate was significant higher than that of CON group (p< .05). The Hmax/Mmax ratio of VB group significantly decreased (p< .05). The T/Mmax ratio significantly increased in TAV group, but decreased in VB group (P< .05). The changing rate of TAV group was significant greater than that of VB group (p< .05). Conclusion: The TAV training can be used to improve vertical jump, tactile acuity, and the excitability of γ-reflex arc. The TAI training can be used to enhance the abilities of tactile acuity and muscular control. The VB group can be used to increase vertical jump, tactile acuity, and the resting excitability of α-motorneuron pool. Therefore, the Tai Chi-Vibration complex training as combined the Tai Chi Chuan and vibration stimulus makes positive training benefit.

Nairobi compte près de 200 bidonvilles où vit 70% de sa population. La plupart des habitants manquent de sécurité foncière et subissent des menaces constantes d'expulsion forcée. Pourtant, nous en savons encore très peu sur la façon dont ces établissements se forment, se développent et se consolident dans des espaces urbains contestés et comment leurs habitants s'adaptent aux conditions d'incertitude. Une partie de la raison réside dans l'écart entre les théories de design et d'adaptation. Alors que la théorie du design se concentre principalement sur les processus cognitifs des professionnels (en négligeant les mécanismes d'adaptation adoptés par les habitants des bidonvilles), les transformations spatiales dans les taudis sont souvent abordées par la théorie de la résilience qui, de son côté, ne tient pas compte des processus de design. Quel est le rôle du design dans les processus d'adaptation liés à des espaces urbains contestés? Je réponds à cette question en explorant les relations entre le design et les capacités d'adaptation dans le Toi Market, le deuxième plus grand marché informel de Nairobi. J'étudie les régimes fonciers du marché et les pratiques de design des commerçants au moyen d’une étude de cas combinant des enquêtes longitudinales et transversales. Le parcours de recherche est abductif. Le cadre conceptuel de la recherche est basé sur une revue de la littérature sur le régime foncier et la théorie du design. Les concepts de rationalité limitée, d'incertitude et de mécanismes adaptatifs constituent la base du cadre théorique utilisé pour analyser les données empiriques. La méthodologie comprend l’observation participante, 59 entrevues avec les commerçants, des rencontres avec les leaders du marché, des techniques de cartographie et l'analyse de plus de 80 documents pertinents sur le marché. Les résultats montrent que le Toi Market a trois types de conditions foncières controversées et que les commerçants mènent des activités de design à trois niveaux: le design de développement, le design évolutif et le design de consolidation. Le design de développement consiste en des initiatives collectives d'adaptation suscitées par des mécanismes de survie. Ce type de design émerge en réaction aux interventions urbaines ordinaires. Il renforce le capital social et vise à améliorer la fonctionnalité du marché. Le design évolutif est mené par des sous-groupes communautaires en réponse aux principaux événements et aux forces externes. Il conduit à des changements sociaux et morphologiques à l’échelle urbaine et dépend des mécanismes de gouvernance et de contrôle. Le design de consolidation fait référence à des initiatives adaptatives dirigées par des individus et des groupes et menées en période de relative stabilité. Il renforce le développement économique et les réseaux, et cherche à atteindre la sécurité foncière. Il émerge principalement dans des niches vacantes, car les habitants des bidonvilles profitent des espaces vides et sous-utilisés. Ces trois niveaux de design génèrent ce que j'appelle ici les établissements multiniveaux. J’oppose ce concept à celui de « quartiers informels », un concept qui ne représente pas la façon dont les bidonvilles et les marchés fonctionnent et évoluent. Je rejette donc la dichotomie formelle/informelle qui persiste dans la littérature. La notion d’habitat multiniveaux reconnaît l'influence d’alliances changeantes et de multiples niveaux de gouvernance comme faisant partie intégrale des processus de design. Dans ces habitats, le design émerge comme un connecteur de capacités adaptatives. Les concepts d’habitats multiniveaux, de niche vacante et de design en tant que connecteur de capacités adaptatives peuvent aider des intervenants à développer des initiatives d’amélioration des bidonvilles qui répondent à l'approche de design adoptée par les habitants de bidonvilles. Ces initiatives peuvent reconnaître la présence d'alliances multiples qui parfois entravent – et d'autres qui favorisent – le changement désiré. Les pratiques de design communautaire peuvent également être adaptées pour équilibrer les objectifs collectifs et individuels. En comprenant ces concepts, les décideurs peuvent à la fois optimiser l'espace disponible en fonction des pratiques locales et prévoir la façon dont les modèles apparaîtront dans les espaces prévus. Enfin, j'encourage les chercheurs à explorer davantage la pensée et la pratique de design des habitants de bidonvilles et de les inclure dans la théorie du design.
Nairobi has nearly 200 slums where 70% of its population live. Most slum dwellers lack tenure security and suffer the constant threat of eviction. Yet, we still know very little about how these slums form, grow, and consolidate in contested urban spaces, and how their residents adapt to uncertainty. Part of the reason lies in the gap between design and adaptation theories. Whereas design theory focuses mainly on professionals’ cognitive processes (largely ignoring adaptation mechanisms adopted by slum dwellers), spatial transformations in slums are often addressed by resilience theory, which usually overlooks design processes. What is the role of design in adaptation processes in contested urban spaces? I answer this question by exploring the relationships between design and adaptive capacities in the Toi Market, the second largest informal market in Nairobi. I study the market’s tenure regimes and traders’ design practices through a case study that combines longitudinal and cross-section investigation. The research reasoning is abductive, made of iterative paths between conceptual frameworks and empirical results. It is largely based on a literature review on land tenure and design theory. The concepts of bounded rationality, uncertainty, and adaptive mechanisms constitute the basis of the theoretical framework used to analyse the empirical data. Methods include participant observation, 59 interviews with traders, meetings with market leaders, mapping techniques and the analysis of over 80 pertinent documents about the market. Results show that the Toi Market has three types of controversial tenure regimes and traders conduct design at three levels: development design, evolutionary design, and consolidation design. Development design consists of collective adaptive initiatives prompted by survival mechanisms. It strengthens social capital, emerges in reaction to ordinary urban interventions, and seeks to improve functionality. Evolutionary design is conducted by community sub-groups in response to major external forces and events. It leads to social and morphological changes at the urban scale and depends on governance and control mechanisms. Consolidation design refers to individual and group-led adaptive initiatives conducted during times of relative stability. It reinforces economic development and networks and seeks to achieve land tenure security. It emerges mainly in vacant niches, as slum-dwellers take advantage of empty, underused spaces. These three levels of design generate what I call here Multi-Level Settlements. I oppose this concept to “informal settlements” that fails to represent how slums and markets work and evolve. I thus reject the formal/informal dichotomy that persists in literature. The Multi-level concept recognises shifting alliances and multiple levels of governance as integral part of design processes. In it, design emerges as a connector of adaptive capacities. The concepts of Multi-Level Settlements, Vacant Niche and Design as a connector of adaptive capacities can help developing slum upgrading initiatives that meet the design approach naturally adopted by slum-dwellers. These initiatives can therefore acknowledge the presence of multiple alliances, which sometimes hinder—and others, foster—desired change. Community design practices can also be tailored to balance collective and individual objectives. By understanding these concepts, decision-makers can both optimize available space according to local practices and forecast how patterns will emerge in planned spaces. Finally, I encourage scholars and practitioners to further explore slum-dwellers’ design-thinking and practices to include them in mainstream design theory.

HASS, Juliana. Adattamenti di Perelà uomo di fumo: dialoghi politico-socioculturali tra romanzo, teatro e radiodramma. 2018. 312 ff. Tesi (Dottorato di ricerca) – Facoltà di Filosofia, Lettere e Scienze Umane dell’Università di São Paulo, São Paulo (FFLCH - USP) e Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze (DILEF - UNIFI), 2018.

Diploma thesis "Television formats transmission into Czech environment since the creation of the dual system in the Czech Republic" focuses on television formats which have been adapted in the Czech television industry since 1994. TV formats, the primary analytical object of this thesis, belong among the strongest aspects of media globalization. Since specific television formats spread the same structure, idea and concept, they increasingly influence the practice in television markets and the process of globalization all over the world. With this continuity, the paper describes the theory of globalization, focusing on cultural and media imperialism. Further, newer theories of globalization and their subsequent transformation are described. Based on this theoretical basis, the thesis describes, which TV formats have been adapted since 1994 in the Czech Republic. Our analysis is based on in-depth interviews with Czech television professionals who have experiences with the purchasing and subsequent adaptation of television formats. The thesis provides the overview of all adapted TV formats in the Czech Republic, and describes reasons, difficulties and the overall process of adapting licensed television formats. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This diploma thesis focused on the situation of Social pedagogy graduates in the labor market. It has a theoretical-empirical character. The theoretical part focus on Social pedagogy as a science and its contemporary position within the Czech legislation. Further it lists study possibilities of Social pedagogy in the Czech Republic, defines the possible scope of social educators and deals with the topic of graduates' adaptation to the labor market in general. The empirical part is devoted to research with seven respondents. The method used in this thesis is in-depth interviews. The research identifies challenges the graduates were facing while finding a job and while performing their profession, what made the adaptation proces easier and vice versa more difficult. The research showed that despite no legal definition of social pedagogy as a profession, graduates had no problems to find a job. However, the perceived difficulty for them, for example, was an inaccurate idea of using the gained experience. Respondents also made recommendations to current social pedagogy students. Most often mentioned was a recommendation to find own specialization in the social pedagogy while still studying.