Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Trees – social aspects“
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van Damme, Patrick. „Sociological and Organizational aspects of Fuel Wood Growing in Traditional Communities: The Case of Northern Togo“. Afrika Focus 4, Nr. 1-2 (15.01.1988): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0040102003.
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As in many other African countries, wood is the most important source of energy for the rural and urban populations of Togo. Traditional attitudes towards trees and prohibitive laws explain why trees are not planted “spontaneously” by local communities even though they are facing serious woodfuel shortage problems. Promotion of tree planting has recently been taken up by government agencies and foreign funded projects. Most of them try to get local communities to plant trees, but their efforts are not always very successful. The reasons are manyfold: - the lack of tradition where tree planting is concerned; - the lack of familiarity with the proposed tree species; - the “delayed reward” when trees have been planted; - the abscence of a fuelwood problem, according to the local population; - the location of the newly planted trees: near the house? at the roadside? round the field? - the social organization of the community, and the traditional land tenure system; - the lack of certainty about the ultimate rights to the tree and the possibilities to cut it; - abscence of protection of the stands by a lack of motivation of the planter; - in some instances: the price of the plants; - the persons who are asked to plant the trees are not necessarily those that will have to cut them and use the fuelwood. Recently, it has become clear that the key to successful reforestation lies within the local communities. Small scale approaches may well be the long term solution to the problem of fuelwood and energy supply, and involving women in the project interventions a further step in a more integrated approach. As it is, the recent “social forestry” approach might well be the long expected solution. To meet the objective of having people plant trees, however, it will be necessary to establish a good extension service which not only starts initiatives but also assures a thorough follow up once the planting has started. The problems that have to be overcome - or bypassed - remain difficult, but recent experience has nevertheless given some insight in how to solve them!
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Nurfitriana, Annisa. „PENDAMPINGAN KEBERLANGSUNGAN USAHA UMKM GULA AREN DALAM MENDUKUNG PENCAPAIAN SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)“. Jurnal Berdaya Mandiri 5, Nr. 2 (16.07.2023): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/jbm.v5i2.4213.
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Palm trees are one of the natural resources in Majalengka. its availability needs to be maintained by all parties so that the palm processing business can have an impact on economic, environmental, and social aspects. However, the limited number of trees that are decreasing, decreasing interest in doing business, and limited human resource capabili-ties are obstacles for MSME actors. The implementation method used to carry out the service is by conducting surveys, providing equipment and training, and providing assis-tance and evaluation. The result of this service is that the first palm sugar SMEs in Maja-lengka, processed production is increasing and is of higher quality. In addition, MSME actors can manage finances so that there is an increase in turnover and the sustain-ability of MSMEs is maintained. This supports the achievement of the economic aspect. Second, MSME actors are closer to neighbors and families in supporting efforts to support social aspects. Third, MSME actors are more likely to maximize production amid limited natural resources so that they can support the achievement of SDGs in environmental aspects. Keywords: SMEs, Sustainability Development Goals
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Sheridan, Michael J. „The Ecology of Fencing“. Africa 78, Nr. 2 (Mai 2008): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000119.
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In the autumn of 2004, a remarkable gathering of 102 scholars took place at St Antony's College, Oxford: they had come for an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Trees, rain, and politics in Africa: the dynamics and politics of climatic and environmental change’. Symposium papers were grouped into panels that focused on either particular resources (such as trees and water) or particular aspects of social relationships (such as politics and discourses). This format resulted in a series of dialogues between the natural science and social science paradigms, and this first half of the present issue of Africa takes as its theme just one of those interdisciplinary conversations. Taken together, these authors demonstrate how the hybridization of natural science and social science can benefit understandings of the African past, interpretations of the African present and planning for the African future.1
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Wojnowska-Heciak, Magdalena, Magdalena Błaszczyk, Marzena Suchocka und Joanna Kosno-Jończy. „Urban–rural differences in perception of trees described by parents bringing up children in Warsaw and Jedlińsk, Poland“. PeerJ 8 (08.04.2020): e8875. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8875.
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Parents’ attitudes to trees and nature are reflected not only in their children’s outdoor activity, but also in the way they perceive, learn and value the environment. One hundred and eleven respondents, divided into two groups by place of residence, assessed statements in a survey questionnaire. Two groups of questions aimed at evaluating tree benefits and disservices as perceived by urban and rural parents, and identifying their preferences concerning outdoor activity of their children. Tree benefits and disadvantages were grouped into five categories (social, economic, environmental, health and aesthetic). Both urban and rural parents presented similar attitudes to trees as well as to their children’s play environments. Among 37 statements concerning tree benefits, only five revealed statistically significant differences. The most important difference appeared in the way urban and rural parents perceived the aspects of danger. Trees were not perceived as posing any risk on playgrounds for city residents, who—unlike villagers—opposed to the removal of trees from playgrounds.
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Alpan, K., und B. Sekeroglu. „TREE INVENTORY REGISTRATION SYSTEM“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W3-2020 (23.11.2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-29-2020.
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Abstract. As human life develops in all aspects, nature is damaged and faced with the threat of extinction. With the increasing population, cities are expanding. The importance given to greenery and the ecological system is very low in these cities and they look like a concrete forest. However, urban trees are the most important and dominant vegetation materials that make important contributions to the city and the city people in terms of ecology, social, cultural, economic and aesthetics. A tree inventory system that will be created using GIS technologies will be very helpful in terms of both protecting the trees and tracking the forestation. In Nicosia, the capital of Northern Cyprus, the importance of the trees in the city has started to reflect on public awareness. In this study, with the GIS study carried out on the pilot region selected in Nicosia, trees were registered by using a tree registration form and ArcMap and shown on the system according to their types. The tree information stored in the database together with the data collected in 9 categories will make it easier to track trees and prevent them from being cut down. In addition, in the study, it was explained how the system should be converted into a smart city application with use of mobile technology.
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Hadavi, Sara. „Direct and Indirect Effects of the Physical Aspects of the Environment on Mental Well-Being“. Environment and Behavior 49, Nr. 10 (15.01.2017): 1071–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916516679876.
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This study investigated the mediating role of neighborhood satisfaction and use of outdoor spaces in the effects of the physical environment on mental well-being. Four planning/design-related aspects of the environment were examined: perceived proximity of home to green/social spaces, open lawn with trees, and building-dominated spaces as well as perceived barriers to neighborhood use. A random sample of 434 Chicago residents participated in a photo survey. The results of linear regression modeling and mediation analyses support the hypothesis that satisfaction with quality of public space and frequency of use of green/social spaces have a significant mediating role in the relationship between nearby environmental attributes and mental well-being. Perceived barriers were also found to have both direct and indirect effects on mental well-being. Recognition of the differential roles played by environmental attributes, neighborhood satisfaction, and use patterns can help guide planners/designers to create outdoor spaces that enhance urban residents’ mental well-being.
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Domeneghini, Jennifer, Janaina Macke und João A. R. Sarate. „Walkability Drivers for Sustainable Cities: a Pedestrian Behavior Survey“. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 30, Nr. 1 (16.06.2022): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29756.
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The growth of cities often disordered brings several mobility challenges, both in guaranteeing public transport and creating pedestrian-friendly urban spaces. This paper aims to identify the walkability drivers in urban areas and investigate walkability behavior. The survey was carried out in southern Brazil, with a sample of 439 respondents. Data were subject to factorial analysis, regression analysis, and variance analysis. The analysis revealed four walkability drivers that explain pedestrian behavior: (i) infrastructure, (ii) traffic conditions and behavior, (iii) built and natural environments, and (iv) social relations. The results show that built and natural environments and social relations were the most significant aspects in explaining walkability’s overall perception. Concerning socio-demographic aspects, the study points out that (i) men feel safer than women when walking in the neighborhood; (ii) the presence of trees and attractive places along the street increases the walking behavior of non-sedentary people; and (iii) the perception of the neighborhood’s beauty increases with age. The research provides contributions regarding understanding the interrelated aspects of walkability behavior. Finally, the study offers relevant evidence for social researchers and urban planners by identifying walkability drivers and supporting political and academic debate elements.
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Permadi, Dwiko Budi, Nafiatul Umami, Ananto Triyogo, Rini Pujiarti, Bekti Larasati und Ratih Madya Septiana. „Socio-technical Aspects of Smallholder Beekeeping Adoption of Apis cerana in Wanagama Teaching Forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta“. Buletin Peternakan 45, Nr. 1 (28.02.2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i1.58435.
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The successful rehabilitation of Wanagama teaching forests, which began in the late of 1960s, has created a distinctive forest ecosystem. Currently the forests become the habitat of Apis cerana, enterprised by the surrounding villagers to produce natural forest honey as a non-timber forest product. This paper aims to explore the adoption of smallholder beekeeping of A. cerana, the beekeepers’ socio-economic characteristics, the potential and value of forest honey production, the distribution of bee-boxes inside the forests and potential tree sources of nectar and pollen. Data collection was carried out in July - September 2019 with in-depth interview techniques to 38 beekeepers. Field observations and ground checks were carried out on the sites where beekeepers were placing the bee-boxes in the forest. In addition, an analysis of aerial photograph images taken with drone was also carried out to identify the area of trees as sources of nectar and pollen. The results show that between 1982 and 2019 the development of the adoption of the A. cerana beekeeping increased significantly. The total production of honey from 506 bee-boxes reached 658 liters or 894.9 kg in year of 2018/2019. The number of bee-boxes placed in Wanagama was mainly distributed inside Compartment of 13, 17, 14, 16, 5, and 18. Acacia mangium, eucalyptus, cajuput and mahogany were the main types of nectar-producing trees, in addition to the abundance of flowering undergrowth plants. Many of the challenges faced by honey beekeepers included climate change, the shortage of nectar and pollen sources, pests and diseases and human disturbances. This research suggests the need for a social, institutional and technical approaches to increase the forest productivity as sources of nectar and pollen. It is suggested encouraging the smallholders to adopt beekeeping as the main livelihood alternatives in future and planting more trees in Wanagama forests.
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Rhezandhy Gunawan, Indra Gumay Febryano, Idi Bantara, Slamet Budi Yuwono, Christine Wulandari, Hari Kaskoyo, Samsul Bakri und Rahmat Safe’i. „Implementation of local superior plant of forest and land rehabilitation based on community perception in Girimulyo Village, East Lampung Regency, Indonesia“. Global Forest Journal 2, Nr. 01 (30.01.2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/gfj.v2i01.14222.
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Public perception is important in implementing Forest and Land Rehabilitation (FLR) in forest areas where tenure conflicts are thick. The research aims to analyze community perceptions of the implementation of FLR based on local superior plants in Girimulyo Village, Marga Sekampung District, East Lampung Regency. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire of 30 respondents determined by purposive sampling. The collected data was analyzed descriptively to analyze farmers' perceptions and their relationship to social, economic and ecological aspects. Public perception of FLR activities based on forestry plants (Trees) is included in the medium category. The public's perception of FLR based on the superior Siger avocado crop in terms of social, economic and ecological aspects is in the high category. The community realizes that FLR for local superior plants is more profitable than FLR based on forestry plants. It is necessary to increase human resources in the Mulyo Lestari Agro Forest Farmers Group in order to facilitate the administrative management process
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Khairul, Khairul Amri. „MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI MIS AL ISLAM PARIT JAWAI“. Atta'dib Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 1, Nr. 1 (23.06.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/attadib.v1i1.560.
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This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at MIS Al-Islam Parit Jawai, Bukit Segoler Village, Tebas District, Sambas Province. Data taken in research conducted based on the reults of interviews and observations made. The focus of this research is to find out how the application of Islamic religious education in MIS Al-Islam in protecting the environment. Based on the results of research that Islamic religious education in MIS Al-Islam is not only concerned with cognitive aspects but also aspects of affective and psychomotor aspects. The activities carries out by students in protecting the environment are: Planting trees, taking out the trash, and social services carried out with the community. All activities carried out are the implementation of Islamic religious lessons in MIS Al-Islam namely, Aqidah Akhlak, Fiqh, and Al-Quran Hadits. Keywords: Environment, Learning, Islamic Education
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Kapusta, Jan, und Zuzana Marie Kostićová. „From the Trees to the Wood: Alternative Spirituality as an Emergent ‘Official Religion’?“ Journal of Religion in Europe 13, Nr. 3-4 (02.06.2021): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20211525.
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Abstract In this introductory study, we place the articles collected in this special issue on ‘spirituality’ in a more general context. In so doing, we contest the idea that alternative spirituality is best studied within the conceptual framework of the ‘vernacular.’ We argue that such an approach tends to unintentionally overstate the empirical particularities and overlook the broader aspects of the subject in question, which results in unreflexively accepting alternative spirituality’s own claim that it is ‘doctrine-free’ and ‘non-institutional’ by nature. Contrary to this claim, we show that alternative spirituality is (a) pregnant with a distinguishable doctrine despite being glocal and inventive; (b) profoundly social and effectively socialized; (c) about to be visibly socially organized and institutionalized; and (d) a way of addressing and redressing the key existential issues of human life, just as any other religion.
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Khan, Shah, Rauf, Zada, Yukun und Harbi. „Socioeconomic Impacts of the Billion Trees Afforestation Program in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK), Pakistan“. Forests 10, Nr. 8 (19.08.2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080703.
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In recent decades, the terrestrial ecosystem in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK), Pakistan, has undergone tremendous destruction. To restore environmental conditions, the government implemented the Billion Tree Afforestation Program (BTAP), with a high target to impact multidimensional aspects of the terrestrial ecosystem. The government claims that it is local residents who have benefited the most from the BTAP. Hence, the objective of this research was to examine the socioeconomic impact and local rural perception of the BTAP in three districts of KPK. Primary data were collected from 406 households. Fundamental orientation theory was used to assess the social impacts of the BTAP, while cost–benefit analysis was applied to examine its economic impact. The results show that the overall social impacts of the BTAP are satisfactory and beneficial, increasing social sustainability by 69% between 2014 and 2018. Additionally, based on the cost–benefit analysis and perception-based analysis, it was found that the BTAP positively affects the economic conditions of rural households. The community livelihood increased during the program, with a total net income of 6.9 million USD in the three districts of KPK. It is concluded that the majority of respondents have benefited from participation in the BTAP. The sustainability of rural livelihood is one of the main concerns related to the establishment of the BTAP. Effort is needed by the government and other parties to both increase rural household income and to protect the environment.
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Sornsena, Surasak, Preechawut Apirating und Sipp Suksamran. „The Beliefs and Aesthetics of Isaan Heritage Trees“. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, Nr. 3 (10.05.2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0072.
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This article is a part of a Doctoral Thesis titled “Isaan Heritage Tree: From the Belief and the Aesthetic to the Creation of Visual Arts,” with the objectives of studying the belief and the aesthetic that exist in the Isaan Heritage Tree using the qualitative method. The study’s target groups can be divided into three following groups: the experts, the practitioners, and the related people. The area of study is in the Isaan region. The region is divided into upper Isaan, mid-Isaan, and lower Isaan. The research tools consist of surveys, non-participatory observation, and structured and non-structured interviews. The data collected from documents and field data was analyzed using Aesthetic Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Theory and presented using descriptive analysis. The study results show that Isaan has a long history and development both in geography, the administration, society, the culture, and the migration of people who came to settle in the area from Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak. This had caused the people and nation’s coming together and led to social management, which consists of regulations, religion, and belief. The beliefs of the Isaan people are connected to forest spirits, household spirits, or tree spirits. Five following characteristics of the Heritage Trees were also found: 1) The traditional beliefs related to the Heritage Trees of Isaan. 2) The new belief. 3) The beliefs that are connected to the locations. 4) The beliefs in the tree spirits whose identity and gender cannot be identified. 5) Auspicious and inauspicious beliefs. There are three aspects for the aesthetics: Aesthetic elements are the feeling of amazement due to the gigantic size filled with astonishment, mystery, and the fear of power. The interesting aspects of Art elements are the unity and relationship to the seasons, such as the Fall season, Rainy Season, and the blooming of flowers that contribute to the changes in the aesthetics changes. The visual art elements consist of six following components; bodies and shapes, lines, colors, textures, light and shadows, and area. It was found that the gigantic size and height cause amazements to the viewers. The physical lines of the Isaan Heritage trees were the lines along the trunks, the lines on the branches, and the lines that go along the leaves and flowers. There are different colors of the trunk, the leaves, and the flowers. The texture was rough, harsh, and the cracks follow the same directions as the trunk. There are botanical differences in the light and shadows of the heritage trees. As for the area, there are differences between the area of the heritage trees and the surrounding areas, as well as the differences within the Isaan Heritage Trees area.
Received: 25 January 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
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Clemente, Matteo. „Rethinking “Streetline Forestscapes” in a Broader Context of Urban Forestry: In-Between Ecological Services and Landscape Design, with Some Evidence from Rome, Italy“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 4 (13.02.2023): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043435.
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Urban forestry development plans, which sometimes pass under the “slogan” of urban forestry, are a great opportunity for our cities. Improving urban forestscapes is a successful part of any urban sustainability strategy, including concrete actions in support of citizens’ well-being. The experience of Italy with the most recent forest planning legislation and a specific focus on Rome, with the recent implementation of a local forest plan, is thus fundamental to give due weight to the different roles of road trees in the ecological, architectural, engineering and social fields, differentially considering some aspects relevant to urban forestation plans and in particular in projects for the new planting of road trees. The present study discusses the main issue of road trees as a part of the green system, linking the “porosity” of urban landscapes with beneficial contributions in terms of ecosystem services. It is outlined how considering the issue of road trees within the more general question of the structure of urban and metropolitan green areas, which includes urban parks, ecological corridors between wilderness areas, residual green areas of buildings, riparian strips of rivers, agricultural areas, natural and wooded areas, is necessary in current planning for urban forests. The project of new plantings and replacement of existing trees should also follow a careful analysis of the local and regional ecological network, promoting a full integration with the mobility network, the service system and the city’s public spaces, including vacant land. Any strategy promoted by urban forestry, and in particular tree-lined roads, should work in synergy with the other measures for urban redevelopment and landscape enhancement of the city in a truly holistic perspective. Finally, the identity of street tree lines in building the image of a given city should be significantly enhanced, recovering in some ways (and giving value to) the aesthetic and scenic role of urban trees.
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Rout, Naresh. „Tribal Land Conflicts and State Forestry in Odisha: A Historical Study“. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 2, Nr. 2 (25.04.2015): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12423.
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The history of human existence and civilizations are intertwined with forests and trees. Forests are crucial for the goods and services they provide, which people all over the world depend on. Strategies to enhance the contributions of the world’s forests to social development, livelihoods and poverty eradication are vital at a time when unsustainable practices and economic crises continue to threaten healthy forests and the people who depend upon them. The survival of tribal communities critically depends on land and forest resources. For historical and ecological reasons, most tribal people inhabit the forest and highly inaccessible regions of the state. These communities practise various customary land tenure systems, which have often been modified by state policies and legislation. The clan-based land tenure system was based on customary rights over land, trees and forest. The land use and tenure systems vary from tribe to tribe, as reflected in the practice and terraced cultivation. The relationship between tribal people and forest resources has been symbiotic in nature. The life-way processes of Odisha’s tribal people are reflected in their economy, religion, polity and social institutions, which cannot be understood without understanding various aspects of the forest surrounding them.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12423 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 143-147
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Rinchinov, Oleg Sergeevich, und Oyuuna Sanzhimitupovna Rinchinova. „Database of Buryat Genealogies: Major Approaches and Implementation“. Историческая информатика, Nr. 4 (April 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2021.4.36415.
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The article develops a database of archival sources covering Buryat family trees. Genealogic data were traditionally very important for Buryat society as they were linked to such aspects as administrative arrangement, economic activity and marital relations. Special importance of family relations in social organization was seen in spiritual life as it actualized the cult of ancestors. In the context of ethnocultural revival observed in the recent decades, the social significance of information resources on Buryat genealogies is increasing. The funds of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the IMBT SB RAS store a large number of materials on this topic. They were the basis the discussed database was developed on. To form a meta-collection of archival materials on this topic the authors used corpus analysis methods processing the general index formed on the basis of electronic archival cases titles of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs. To organize the data the methodology of authority control is applied. The ontology scheme of a family tree includes descriptive categories "Family", "Place", "Person". This makes it possible to implement user-friendly methods of data aggregation and visualization - GIS, hierarchical trees, social graphs, etc. which are integrated into a web application. Digitalization of archival and rare book funds contributes to the identification and formation of thematic meta-collections similar to the corpus of archival sources on Buryat genealogies considered in this article. This opens up new opportunities for a comprehensive disclosure of historical and cultural heritage.
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Nurlia, A., A. Widarti und N. Mindawati. „The Flexibility of Sengon Agroforestry in Small-Scale Forest Development in Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1315, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012010.
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Abstract Small-scale forests (SSF) are essential to the community’s ecological, social, and economic aspects. The tree species that many people choose to develop in small-scale forests is sengon. Sengon has various advantages and can be developed in agroforestry with various plants. The research question in this study is how flexible the sengon agroforestry pattern is in Small-Scale Forest Development in Indonesia? The study aimed to determine the flexibility of sengon agroforestry in small-scale forests and the added value of small-scale forests from the economic and ecological aspects. The study was conducted using a systematic review. The results show that small-scale forest development with an agroforestry pattern can diversify income sources from the same land management, thus providing a sustainable income. The sengon agroforestry pattern in small-scale forests can be made with various types of plants (a) woody trees, (b) food crops, (c) plantation crops, (d) horticultural crops, (e) medicinal plants and (f) animal feed crops. Small-scale forest agroforestry patterns can provide economic, ecological, and social benefits. By knowing various alternative agroforestry cropping patterns, communities will be more motivated to improve their small-scale forest management to increase their economy.
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Escobar-Sierra, Manuela, und Mauricio Antonio Bedoya-Villa. „Impact of Employees’ Attitudes and Leader’s Role on the Innovation Management Linked to Social Responsibility“. Quality Innovation Prosperity 22, Nr. 2 (31.07.2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v22i2.1121.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The innovation management linked to social responsibility is considered a strategy of organizational growth promoted by the creativity of employees framed in economic, ethical and legal issues. This study analyses socially responsible innovation management base on employee’s attitudes and leader’s role, from a case study of a company in the Colombian automotive sector.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> We began with the review of theories about innovation and social responsibility. Then we collected data through creative techniques, surveys to classify the leader’s role, attitudes scale, participant observation and interviews. To finally analyse data with multiple linear regression and other techniques, such as decision trees.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> Finally, the initial concept of socially responsible innovation and its management is complemented by five self-determined employees’ attitudes, and one behavior and three perceptions of the leader.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The choice of the single case study as a research strategy determines the practical scope of the research as analytical. In this sense, the need to replicate the study and analyse the impact of other personal and organizational factors is highlighted.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> It is important to summarise the value of our paper, in relation to the following aspects: the opportunity that represents for companies the correct socially responsible innovation management, the importance of the Enterprise–University integration and, finally, the relevance of hybrid models in this case, a multiple linear regression and decision trees.</p>
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Abd Razzak, Munirah, Rusni Mohamad, Nik Mohd Zaim Ab Rahim, Khadher Ahmad und Fauzi Deraman. „Black Color and Its Relationship with Human Genetics and Life Status in Hadith Perspective Warna Hitam Dan Kaitannya Dengan Genetik Dan Taraf Manusia Dalam Perspektif Hadith“. Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 13, Nr. 1 (27.07.2015): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340019.
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Color does play important roles in human daily life. Its roles and functions cover various aspects of lives such as clothing, food, color of skin, animal, personality, environment like trees and plants, buildings and so on. This article aims to collect many narrations that describe black color and their relationship to the genetic and social status of the people in the hadith of the Prophet saw. The analysis was done through deductive analysis methodology for the conclusion that shows the relationship between color with genetic and human life status. The study found that there are twelve hadith in al-Kutub al-Sittah without repetition which signify the discussion on black color effects on human genetic and their lives status.
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Wijana, Nyoman, Sanusi Mulyadiharja und I. Made Oka Riawan. „Exploration and Utilization of Plant Species Based on Social Culture (Hindu Religion Ceremony) in Tenganan Pegringingan Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia“. International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering 4, Nr. 2 (18.10.2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v4i2.24781.
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This research aims to find out (1) the plants that were used in religious ceremonies (Hinduism) in accordance with the Bali Aga Tenganan Pegringsingan culture. 2) the making process of the various means needed in religious ceremonies (Hinduism) related to the utilization of useful plant species in Bukit Kangin Forest, Tenganan Pegringsingan Village. The Research was explorative (vegetation) and socio-system (community) research. The populations of this research were ecosystem aspects and sociosystem aspects. The ecosystem aspects included all of the useful plant species in Bukit Kangin Forest of Tenganan Pegringsingan village. Meawhile, the sociosystem aspects included the village officials, the village public figures and the community of Tenganan Pegringsingan village. The ecosystem sample (the vegetation) used in this research included the plant species in the forest of Tenganan Pegringsingan Village covered by the 1x1m2 sized seedling square, 10x10m2 sized sapling square and 20x20m2 sized square for trees (mature plants). There were 65 squares in total. The sociosystem samples in this research were the village officials, public figures, shamans, offerers, craftsmen, and the public in Tenganan Pegringsingan village. The methods applied in this research were (1) square method for ecosystem (vegetation) parameter. (2) Interview, questionnaire and observation for sociosystem parameter. The collected data were further analyzed descriptively. The results of the research showed that (1) of 46 useful plant species found in Bukit Kangin forest of Tenganan Pegringsingan, 29 of them were plant species that were utilized for religious ceremonies (Hinduism), meanwhile there were 17 plant species utilized for clothing, food, shelter, industry, medicine, and other household purposes. (2) The utilization of plant species for religious purposes was still in traditional method, in accordance with the socio-cultural of the local community.
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Zhang, Shaopu, Yuxin Jiang und Jiangxu Gu. „Forest management system based on carbon sequestration“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 40 (29.03.2023): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v40i.6778.
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It is a new challenge for forest managers to balance the relationship between the forest and its derivatives to maximize the overall benefits of the forest. Based on the growth pattern of trees and statistical theory, we developed a carbon sequestration model with a normal distribution at different ages of the forest and derived the amount of carbon sequestered by the forest and its products in a certain period of time. In order to balance the ecological and social values of the forest, we firstly selected 12 indicators from three aspects: climate benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit to build a forest decision model. Secondly, the original indicators were downscaled to three principal components by cluster analysis and principal component analysis and the benefit scores were obtained for each year. Finally, a linear fitting method was used to derive the relationship between the forest area and the composite score.
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Kong, Xiangqi, Xinna Zhang, Chengyang Xu und Richard J. Hauer. „Review on Urban Forests and Trees as Nature-Based Solutions over 5 Years“. Forests 12, Nr. 11 (25.10.2021): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111453.
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As human living environments face increasing challenges with resilience, the concept of nature-based solutions (NBS) was proposed in recent years as a way to promote sustainable living in urban environments. Urban forests and trees play important roles in urban ecosystems, while their potential as an NBS is promising. A bibliometric analysis was first conducted to explore the research pattern of NBS in urban environments. Studies of urban forest and tree-based green infrastructure in NBS research were further investigated using a systematic literature review method. The initial studies on NBS have increased since 2015 with 493 documents published from 142 sources in over 70 countries and regions. Keyword analysis showed green infrastructure had a rather high frequency of utility and received considerable attention. As for urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS) research, the most prominent study approaches used at different scales and the main benefits and typologies of urban forest studied in the articles were identified. UF-NBS research is still relatively scarce at present. Despite the role of urban forest and trees in addressing environmental challenges being well recognized, UF-NBS studies still need to be conducted in a more comprehensive context, taking social and economic aspects into account.
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Wróbel, Anna, Józef Mosiej und Martin Weih. „Land availability analysis and social attitude aspects in relation to implementation and development of short' rotation forestry systems in Poland“. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 41, Nr. 2 (01.01.2009): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0058-6.
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Land availability analysis and social attitude aspects in relation to implementation and development of short' rotation forestry systems in Poland After observations of European development of renewable sources, and according to protocols and directives, set by both European and Polish policy makers, there is a need to find methods to support the future development of Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) using fast-growing trees on agricultural land, and to overcome potential problems. In this paper society attitudes towards future developing options for SRF energy plantations in Poland were investigated. In the investigation, two kinds of questionnaires were presented to various representatives of branches that have a potential interest in the subject. Individual representatives for the groups of industrial and municipal representatives, farmers, researchers and academic teachers, etc. were pooled. The results showed that main difficulties may arise from farmer attitudes towards nontraditional crops. This group of people showed great suspiciousness towards new crops, an attitude, which might be explained in part by the fact that the average level of knowledge concerning SRF energy plantations was low. Another factor that may strongly influence the introduction of SRF plantation is the land availability and suitability. Concerning the relatively large arable lands in Poland in comparison to other European countries the land availability potential has been investigated. On the base of two factors projecting the mentioned aspects of land, the analysis has been performed to figure out regions in Poland with the highest short rotation forestry potential.
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González-Retamal, Marcelo, Eric Forcael, Gerardo Saelzer-Fuica und Mauricio Vargas-Mosqueda. „From Trees to Skyscrapers: Holistic Review of the Advances and Limitations of Multi-Storey Timber Buildings“. Buildings 12, Nr. 8 (18.08.2022): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081263.
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Products derived from trees have been used by mankind for thousands of years, where timber has a long tradition as an ecological construction material. There is currently an increasing trend in multi-storey timber buildings, because of the projected growth in the demand for housing in urban areas between now and 2050, along with the urgent need for a more sustainable and productive construction industry. The construction of these buildings is now possible thanks to the new advances in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) and the new technological developments around timber construction. Its industrialization requirements imply a paradigm shift for the construction industry, which requires, among other aspects, the early and collaborative integration of stakeholders in its design and construction process. According to this, the objective of this review article is to determine the main advances and limitations related to the design and construction of multi-storey timber buildings, categorizing them in aspects such as sustainability, engineering and construction sciences, and collaborative design. The methodology of this article was based on the review of 266 articles published in Web of Science (WoS), as indexed scientific journals, between 2017 and mid-2022, performing a comparative and cooccurrence analysis of the contents. The results evidenced that 73% of the articles showed advances and limitations corresponding to the engineering and construction sciences category, 23% to sustainability, and the remaining 4% to collaborative design. The main advances in the development of multi-storey timber buildings are related to seismic analysis, connections design, fire performance, and fire design. While the main limitations are related to social sustainability, the results are not conclusive due to the low number of publications that support them.
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Majsztrik, John C., Bridget Behe, Charles R. Hall, Dewayne L. Ingram, Alexa J. Lamm, Laura A. Warner und Sarah A. White. „Social and Economic Aspects of Water Use in Specialty Crop Production in the USA: A Review“. Water 11, Nr. 11 (08.11.2019): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112337.
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Understanding human behavior is a complicated and complex endeavor. Academicians and practitioners need to understand the underlying beliefs and motivations to identify current trends and to effectively develop means of communication and education that encourage change in attitudes and behavior. Sociological research can provide information about how and why people make decisions; this information impacts the research and extension community, helping them formulate programs and present information in a way that increases adoption rates. Life cycle assessment can document how plant production impacts the environment. Production of ornamental plants (greenhouse, container, and field produced flowers trees and shrubs) accounted for 4.4% of the total annual on-farm income and 8.8% of the crop income produced in the United States in 2017, representing a substantial portion of farmgate receipts. Greenhouse and nursery growing operations can use this information to increase production and water application efficiency and decrease input costs. Information related to the environmental impacts of plant production, derived from life cycle assessment, can also inform consumer purchase decisions. Information from water footprint analysis quantifies the relative abundance and availability of water on a regional basis, helping growers understand water dynamics in their operation and informing consumer plant purchases based on water availability and conservation preference. Economics can motivate growers to adopt new practices based on whether they are saving or making money, and consumers modify product selection based on preference for how products are produced. Specialty crop producers, including nursery and greenhouse container operations, rely heavily on high quality water from surface and groundwater resources for crop production; but irrigation return flow from these operations can contribute to impairment of water resources. This review focuses on multiple facets of the socioeconomics of water use, reuse, and irrigation return flow management in nursery and greenhouse operations, focusing on grower and consumer perceptions of water; barriers to adoption of technology and innovations by growers; economic considerations for implementing new technologies; and understanding environmental constraints through life cycle assessment and water footprint analyses. Specialty crop producers can either voluntarily adapt practices gradually to benefit both economic and environmental sustainability or they may eventually be forced to change due to external factors (e.g., regulations). Producers need to have the most current information available to inform their decisions regarding water management.
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Stampella, Pablo C., Daniela Alejandra Lambaré, Norma I. Hilgert und María Lelia Pochettino. „What the Iberian Conquest Bequeathed to Us: The Fruit Trees Introduced in Argentine Subtropic—Their History and Importance in Present Traditional Medicine“. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/868394.
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This contribution presents information about the history of introduction, establishment, and local appropriation of Eurasian fruit trees—species and varieties of the generaPrunusandCitrus—from 15th century in two rural areas of Northern Argentina. By means of an ethnobotanical and ethnohistorical approach, our study was aimed at analysing how this process influenced local medicine and the design of cultural landscape that they are still part of. As a first step, local diversity, knowledge, and management practices of these fruit tree species were surveyed. In a second moment, medicinal properties attributed to them were documented. A historical literature was consulted referring to different aspects on introduction of peaches and citric species into America and their uses in the past. The appropriation of these fruit-trees gave place to new applications and a particular status for introduced species that are seen as identitary and contribute to the definition of the communities and daily life landscapes. Besides, these plants, introduced in a relatively short period and with written record, allow the researcher to understand and to design landscape domestication, as a multidimensional result of physical, social, and symbolic environment.
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Dang, Thi Kim Phung. „The Discourse of Forest Cover in Vietnam and Its Policy Implications“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 17 (02.09.2022): 10976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710976.
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As the world’s largest ecosystem, forests affect the location, layout, and functionality of human populations worldwide. Despite environmental efforts, forests are being taken down. As socioeconomic issues promote deforestation, sustainable development is a worldwide answer. However, there is still a shortage of information about the manifestation and interconnection of sustainability aspects in a country’s forestry and their impact on policy making in developing nations. To address this knowledge gap, this study analyzes the preeminent discourse of forest cover in Vietnam forestry and determines how well it incorporates the three pillars of sustainable development. The various pieces of pertinent material (forestry regulations, reports, articles, statements by government officials and National Assembly representatives in the media, etc.) were analyzed using discourse analysis and thematic analysis. Overall, the findings show that the discourse has evolved through four themes: intercropped supporting trees, multi-purposed trees, replacing afforestation and change from forest cover to tree cover. These themes all exclude ecosystems that must exist beneath forest cover, which is frequently disrupted by the clear cut of fast-growing trees and industrial crops. The institutionalization of the discourse is facilitating legal deforestation by converting natural forest into other land uses, in particular infrastructure with replacing afforestation. The economic coalition, which strategically includes livelihood and social development in their storylines to legitimize forest conversion to other land uses, is winning the discursive struggle for hegemony. The paper concludes with some recommendations to improve Vietnam’s forestry policy, making for long-term sustainable development.
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Vyas, Neha. „Environmental Aspects of Project Management“. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 33, Nr. 2 (April 2008): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920080205.
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The primary challenge in project management is to achieve all of the defined project goals and objectives while adhering to typical constraints which are usually scope, quality, time, and budget. Often, the basic flaw in project planning and design is the complete neglect or minimal consideration of environmental and social costs and dependence only on economic analysis for project preparation and investment. A failure to understand and internalize adverse or negative impacts on environment during project preparation could lead to several undesirable consequences, which may ultimately jeopardize the very objectives of growth and development for which the project was proposed. In this paper, the author stresses upon the need for environmental management for successful project completion and discusses the challenges of addressing the key environmental issues. Environmental management is not just about the ‘trees and bees’ but also about health, safety, profits, quality assurance, reduced risks to reputation, and increased global competitiveness, states the author. Overall, it is about efficiency and reducing environmental and legal liabilities. It is argued that sound environment management reduces the unforeseen obstacles and bottlenecks that may otherwise hamper the delivery of project objectives while helping to improve the environmental performance of project operations. The key environmental issues resulting from agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and urban operations include: severe degradation of air quality due to industrial and vehicular pollution contamination of land and water resources due to pesticides, fertilizers, and dumping of hazardous wastes depletion of raw material reserves contamination of surface and ground water sources due to discharge of sewage and industrial effluents deforestation. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) study is suggested as a tool for formulating an environment management plan. EIA should, however, not be treated just as a tool for regulatory compliance but as an instrument for improving project management per se with proper expertise, time, and budget allocations made for the purpose. In environmental management, the moot question is: How to get started? The author's advice is to start small and simple and gradually turn them into action plans for a worksite and subsequently up-scale them for the entire company. It is ultimately the actions taken at personal or community level or as a project manager that matters the most when it comes to environmental sustainability. Policies and plans merely show the way. It is becoming increasingly important to make environmental management an economic driver that would serve to minimize environmental damages and promote resource efficiency and cost savings to businesses.
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Correia, Filipa, Patrícia Alves-Oliveira, Tiago Ribeiro, Francisco Melo und Ana Paiva. „A Social Robot as a Card Game Player“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 13, Nr. 1 (25.06.2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v13i1.12936.
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This paper describes a social robotic game player that is able to successfully play a team card game called Sueca. The question we will address in this paper is: how can we build a social robot player that is able to balance its ability to play the card game with natural and social behaviours towards its partner and its opponents. The first challenge we faced concerned the development of a competent artificial player for a hidden information game, whose time constraint is the average human decision time. To accomplish this requirement, the Perfect Information Monte Carlo (PIMC) algorithm was used. Further, we have performed an analysis of this algorithm's possible parametrizations for games trees that cannot be fully explored in a reasonable amount of time with a MinMax search. Additionally, given the nature of the Sueca game, such robotic player must master the social interactions both as a partner and as an opponent. To do that, an emotional agent framework (FAtiMA) was used to build the emotional and social behaviours of the robot. At each moment, the robot not only plays competitively but also appraises the situation and responds emotionally in a natural manner. To test the approach, we conducted a user study and compared the levels of trust participants attributed to the robots and to human partners. Results have shown that the robot team exhibited a winning rate of 60%. Concerning the social aspects, the results also showed that human players increased their trust in the robot as their game partners (similar to the way to the trust levels change towards human partners).
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Johnstone, R. E., T. Kirby und K. Sarti. „The breeding biology of the Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Gould in south-western Australia. I. Characteristics of nest trees and nest hollows.“ Pacific Conservation Biology 19, Nr. 2 (2013): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130121.
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The Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso (FRTBC) is a large, iconic forest cockatoo, endemic to the south-west corner of Western Australia. It is currently listed as Vulnerable under the State Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act and under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act. In this paper, we provide details of nest tree and nest hollow requirements based on details of hollows in 128 nest trees studied over 17 years. FRTBC are monogamous and pairs nest in tree hollows from 6.5–33 m above ground. Most nests are in very large and very old, mature Marri Corymbia calophylla, a long-lived endemic tree species, which is the most important nesting tree throughout the FRTBC range. Nest trees of all species had a mean circumference at breast height of 2.79 m, a mean estimated age of 222 years and a mean overall height of 20.24 m. Marri nest trees had an mean circumference at breast height of 2.76 m, a mean estimated age of 220 years (95% confidence limit 209–231 years) and an average overall height of 20.04 m. The rate of fall or loss of nest trees was high, c. 16.6% per decade. A wide range of hollow types, defined by position of the hollow in the tree, were found. Hollow aspects were also diverse. The mean height to a hollow was 14.49 m. Mean hollow depth was 1.44 m, mean floor space (the longest linear distance across the bottom of the hollow) was 33.2 cm and the mean hollow entrance area was 30 x 34 cm. FRTBC nests are typically, but not always, clustered in the landscape and social interactions within the flock are likely to play a part in the clustering of nests. Nest competitors, including feral European Honey Bee Apis mellifera, Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris, Baudin’s Cockatoo C. baudinii and the Regent Parrot Polytelis anthopeplus were recorded using nest hollows once used by FRTBC. In the past Marri was harvested commercially, especially the largest and oldest trees, for timber and woodchips. In recent times the volume of Marri logs has been reduced due to a decline in markets e.g. between 2004 and 2010 a total of 95,436 m³ was harvested (K. Whitford, pers. comm.). Given the importance of large, old trees for FRTBC breeding habitat, conservation of these trees
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Žickis, Alvydas. „STONE AND LAWNS IN THE SQUARES OF LITHUANIAN CITIES / AKMUO IR ŽOLĖ LIETUVOS MIESTŲ AIKŠTĖSE“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, Nr. 2 (10.07.2013): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.809866.
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Meadows give the origin to the Lithuanian squares. During towns‘ development, the trees were replaced by buildings. A new form of square as a public open space appeared. The Paved area and the lawn differently suit various functions of a square. During the reconstruction of the squares in Lithuanian towns too much solid inert materials are used. Ecologic and social aspects of the proposals of the contests of projects should be more regarded. Santrauka Lietuvių aikštė kilo iš pievelės miške. Kuriantis miestams medžius pakeitė pastatai, o pievą – grindinys. Plečiantis atsirado nauja aikštės forma – viešasis želdynas. Grįstas plotas ir veja nevienodai tinka įvairioms aikštės funkcijoms. Nulemia klimato sąlygos ir naudojimo intensyvumas. Pertvarkant Lietuvos miestų aikštes per daug naudojama kietų inertinių medžiagų. Projektų konkursuose turėtų būti daugiau vertinamas siūlymų ekologiškumas ir socialumas.
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Pribadi, Cherie Bhekti, und Farhan Himawan. „Analysis of Social and Environmental Vulnerability Against Landslides Using Scoring and Weighting Methods at Probolinggo District“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1233, Nr. 1 (01.08.2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1233/1/012037.
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Abstract Landslides phenomena majority occur in area which is adjacent with mountain or hill where the soil and rock structure move down the slopes. It is caused by land instability such as loss of plants or trees in highland which have function of binding soil grains while maintaining pores of soil beneath. Based on data from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), one of districts/cities in East Java is categorized as prone against landslides is at Probolinggo District where 108 disaster occurred over 2021. Landslide disasters certainly have an impact on the environment and social aspects in vicinity. Therefore, this research aim to assess areas which has prone level against landslides in terms of social and environmental vulnerabilities through analysis of potential for landslide disasters in Probolinggo District. The research using weighting parameter methods in order to obtain the level of social and environmental vulnerability. It is divided into four categories namely low, medium, high, and very high. Maron sub-district become the largest area with very high level of social vulnerability about 33.7% of the area of one sub-district. Meanwhile, in area of environmental vulnerability which is dominated by very high levels of vulnerability is at Krucil sub-district about 88.5% of the area of one sub-district.
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Trofimova, T. E. „Social Rehabilitation of People Convicted for Crime Committing by Means of Architecture and Landscape Design (Hybrid Space of Social Adaptation Centers)“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, Nr. 5 (01.02.2022): 052049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052049.
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Abstract The purpose of the research is providing a rationale for the design of special areas aimed at the psychophysical discharge (landscape gardens, special recreation areas in the premises of social adaptation centres) for the people who were imprisoned for crime commitment. To achieve the purpose set, the authors state and implement the following objectives: study of medical and psychological aspects of a person staying in the places of detention, consideration of green area arrangement issues - landscape remedial gardens in terms of botanic, analysis of the existing social adaptation centres, revelation of positive and negative points of their use, suggestion of solutions for the problems identified, analysis of various options of the landscape garden layouts, development of the concept for and suggestion of the arrangement of areas intended for psychophysical discharge in real situation. Basing upon the analysis of the experimental project the authors suggested the fundamental principles for the arrangement of the areas of psychophysical discharge and efficient rehabilitation at the Social adaptation centres intended for the people convicted and released from the places of detention. The authors defined the use of special plants to make the microclimate healthier and create the favorable video environment - using harmonious non-aggressive forms in the interiors, using green planting to reduce human stress, using green planting components for buildings and the functional zoning of plant trees and shrubs. At the uniform architecture&layout and technology space solution multiple scenarios may occur in terms of such space use by means of the application of psychological discharge areas with various green planting. It is necessary to stipulate for the free access to the rehabilitation centre space and landscape garden territory for disabled people.
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McCoy, Matthew S., Karin Rolanda Jongsma, Phoebe Friesen, Michael Dunn, Carolyn Plunkett Neuhaus, Leah Rand und Mark Sheehan. „National Standards for Public Involvement in Research: missing the forest for the trees“. Journal of Medical Ethics 44, Nr. 12 (18.10.2018): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105088.
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Biomedical research funding bodies across Europe and North America increasingly encourage—and, in some cases, require—investigators to involve members of the public in funded research. Yet there remains a striking lack of clarity about what ‘good’ or ‘successful’ public involvement looks like. In an effort to provide guidance to investigators and research organisations, representatives of several key research funding bodies in the UK recently came together to develop the National Standards for Public Involvement in Research. The Standards have critical implications for the future of biomedical research in the UK and in other countries as researchers and funders abroad look to the Standards as a model for their own policy development. We assess the Standards and find that despite offering useful suggestions for dealing with practical challenges associated with public involvement, the Standards fail to address fundamental questions about when, why and with whom public involvement should be undertaken in the first place. We show that presented without this justificatory context, many of the recommendations in the Standards are, at best, fragments that require substantial elaboration by those looking to apply the Standards in their own work and, at worst, subject to potentially harmful misapplication by well-meaning investigators. As funding bodies increasingly push for public involvement in research, the key lesson of our analysis is that future recommendations about how public involvement should be conducted cannot be coherently formulated without a clear sense of the underlying goals and rationales for public involvement.
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Yıldırım, S., und F. P. Kuzu. „The Meaning Phenomenon Shaped Around The “Tree” in Turkish Epic and Turkish World Epic“. Turkology 5, Nr. 103 (15.10.2020): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-3162.011.
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Epics are a kind of memory of the societies in which they were formed in terms of history and culture. Therefore, we can follow the reflections of the adventures of societies in the historical process from epics. In epics, one of the genres with the most common performance tradition in the Turkish world, it is possible to find traces in accordance with every stage of social life. The projections of social acceptance and rejection and practices belonging to the world of belief can be followed through epics. One of the elements that belong to Turkish cultural life in epics is the tree. Especially in societies with the belief of Sky God / Shamanism, the tree, which is also associated with creation and reproduction, has found itself a place in epics in many different aspects. In this study, factors related to Turkey-located sagas of the trees transferred to Turkish Epic and Turkish World Epic will be assessed by classifying the frame and the concrete reality that they earn around the cult.
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Yıldırım, S., und F. P. Kuzu. „The Meaning Phenomenon Shaped Around The “Tree” in Turkish Epic and Turkish World Epic“. Turkology 5, Nr. 103 (15.10.2020): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-3162.011.
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Epics are a kind of memory of the societies in which they were formed in terms of history and culture. Therefore, we can follow the reflections of the adventures of societies in the historical process from epics. In epics, one of the genres with the most common performance tradition in the Turkish world, it is possible to find traces in accordance with every stage of social life. The projections of social acceptance and rejection and practices belonging to the world of belief can be followed through epics. One of the elements that belong to Turkish cultural life in epics is the tree. Especially in societies with the belief of Sky God / Shamanism, the tree, which is also associated with creation and reproduction, has found itself a place in epics in many different aspects. In this study, factors related to Turkey-located sagas of the trees transferred to Turkish Epic and Turkish World Epic will be assessed by classifying the frame and the concrete reality that they earn around the cult.
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Jiao, Jiahang. „Analysis on the Artistic Characteristics of Sheng Solo "Lin Hai New Song"“. International Journal of Education and Humanities 3, Nr. 2 (29.06.2022): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v3i2.613.
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The sheng solo piece "Lin Hai New Song" was composed by Tang Fu and Mr. Gao Yang in 1975. It uses the labor horn in the forest area as the keynote of the piece. The musical emotion is firm and powerful and the rhythm is clear. The heroic image also depicts the magnificent scene of towering trees falling down the mountain. In addition to the traditional single melody expression, this piece also uses polyphonic techniques to enrich the color of the performance and make the artistic expression more colorful. The piece highlights the ideology under the social background at that time, and it is one of the sheng tunes with contemporary significance. 's classic. This article will discuss and expound the artistic characteristics of "Lin Hai New Song" from the aspects of music imagery and emotion.
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Assis, Teotônio Francisco, und Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende. „Genetic improvement of forest tree species“. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, spe (Juni 2011): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000500007.
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Brazilian forestry sector is considered one of the most developed in the world, being the base for important industrial segments which use wood as raw material. Tree breeding has played an important role on improving the competitiveness of Brazilian forestry-based companies, especially for its positive reflexes on increasing adaptation, forestry productivity and wood quality. In spite of the importance of other forest trees for the economy, such as Schizolobium, Araucaria, Populus and Hevea, the main genera under genetic improvement in the country are Eucalyptus, Pinus, Acacia and Tectona. They are used by industries like pulp and paper, siderurgy, tannin, chips for exportation and lumber, constituting an important source of revenues for the Brazilian's economy, besides their positive social and environmental impacts. This paper presents a generic approach to genetic improvement aspects of these four major genera currently undergoing breeding in Brazil.
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Rodríguez-Escales, Paula, Arnau Canelles, Xavier Sanchez-Vila, Albert Folch, Daniel Kurtzman, Rudy Rossetto, Enrique Fernández-Escalante et al. „A risk assessment methodology to evaluate the risk failure of managed aquifer recharge in the Mediterranean Basin“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, Nr. 6 (08.06.2018): 3213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3213-2018.
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Abstract. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can be affected by many risks. Those risks are related to different technical and non-technical aspects of recharge, like water availability, water quality, legislation, social issues, etc. Many other works have acknowledged risks of this nature theoretically; however, their quantification and definition has not been developed. In this study, the risk definition and quantification has been performed by means of “fault trees” and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). We defined a fault tree with 65 basic events applicable to the operation phase. After that, we have applied this methodology to six different managed aquifer recharge sites located in the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, and Israel). The probabilities of the basic events were defined by expert criteria, based on the knowledge of the different managers of the facilities. From that, we conclude that in all sites, the perception of the expert criteria of the non-technical aspects were as much or even more important than the technical aspects. Regarding the risk results, we observe that the total risk in three of the six sites was equal to or above 0.90. That would mean that the MAR facilities have a risk of failure equal to or higher than 90 % in the period of 2–6 years. The other three sites presented lower risks (75, 29, and 18 % for Malta, Menashe, and Serchio, respectively).
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Myglan, V. S., G. T. Omurova, V. V. Barinov und O. V. Kardash. „Methodological Aspects of Determining Type, Age, and Origin of Archaeological Wood: The Case of Fort Nadym“. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48, Nr. 3 (04.10.2020): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.080-089.
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Archaeological studies in the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia are highly relevant to studying the material culture, social structure, and ethnic history. The presence of permafrost ensures the unique preservation of organics in cultural layers, including timber, which makes it possible to conduct dendrochronological studies (calendar dating of samples, determination of species composition, typological analysis, and the source of the timber origin). In 2011–2012, during the excavations at Fort Nadym, 347 samples of wood were selected for the assessment of the age of wooden structures. The results showed that most samples belonged to three species of trees: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The typological analysis revealed that walls were mostly built from spruce, pine logs, and half-logs, whereas the floors were made from larch and pine. To assess the origin of wood, a new methodological approach was proposed. As a result, it was demonstrated that the main building material was driftwood. This has allowed us to make more accurate interpretations and to specify the years of construction. The analysis indicates three periods of construction / reconstruction: the 1450s–1460s, 1470s–1480s, and 1520s–1570s. The new approach can be applied to other wooden monuments located on the banks of major water arteries of the Siberian forest-tundra zone.
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Atiquzzaman, Professor Sharif. „Ecocritical Reading in Select Works of Rabindranath Tagore“. BL College Journal 5, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62106/blc2023v5i2eg5.
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Ecocriticism, as an interdisciplinary field of study, has added significant facets to literary criticism. We notice that the recent ecocritical philosophies have been reflected with gravity in Rabindranath Tagore’s works before it was recognised as a discourse. The eco-consciousness that he carefully cultivated in his life was portrayed with great emphasis in his literary and artistic creations. Tagore believed that literature could be a useful tool to reduce environmental disasters and promote the ecosystem by developing consciousness through it. Tagore deemed that the rocky and cruel earth was made habitable only by growing trees. Tree to him was the life founder. So he always sought the development of a close bond between men and trees. With his mystic and spiritual perception of nature, he tried to relocate man’s position in nature. His plays like ‘Raktakarabi’, ‘Muktodhara’, ‘Srabangatha’, a good number of poems, and his paintings show his ideas about deep ecology, shallow ecology, ecofeminism, social ecology, ecophobia, and the other aspects of ecocriticism. Segregation of humans from nature is declined in the concept of deep ecology. In some of his writings and lectures, Tagore defended the notion of kinship between man and nature. The idea, that human beings, should take care of nature for their own sake, is related to shallow ecology, and Tagore as the defender of nature worshipped it as a source of regeneration.
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Zulvianita, Desiana, Rina Ratnasih Purnamahati und Angga Dwiartama. „EVALUATION AND STRATEGY OF TAPPING PINE TREES AS AN ATTEMPT FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENTIN SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA“. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 18, Nr. 1 (30.04.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2021.18.1.1-14.
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The increase in economic needs has resulted in increased community pressure on forest area. This encourage the government to open up access to utilize forest, in order to improve the community's economy. Since March 2018, access to utilize forest has been implemented in Masigit Kareumbi Game Reserve (TBMK). However, research related to the evaluation of activities has not been widely found. This study aims to evaluate and determine the optimal pine tapping management strategy in TBMK. The research was conducted in Sukajaya and Citengah Villages, South Sumedang District, using Ostrom Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, Stakeholder Analysis, and the Analysis Hierarchy Process. The result showed that, the potential of pine resin in the research location was 308,377.3 kg/year, which had a positive economic, social, and institutional impact on the community but tended to have a negative impact on the ecological aspects. Stakeholder analysis showed that the parties involved were among others KLHK, BBKSDA West Java, Sukajaya and Citengah Heads Village, Forest Farmer Group (KTH) Sawargi and Medal Kencana, Pinus Merkusii Cooperation, and the Indonesian Conservation Cadre Communication Forum (FK3I). Each stakeholder has a good relationship, however, there is still a need for a more optimal communication and coordination system between one another. The suggested strategy is to increase community assistance by FK3I and Pinus Merkusii Cooperation involvement in limiting the tapping pine resin.
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Jordan, Fiona M., Russell D. Gray, Simon J. Greenhill und Ruth Mace. „Matrilocal residence is ancestral in Austronesian societies“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, Nr. 1664 (04.03.2009): 1957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0088.
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The nature of social life in human prehistory is elusive, yet knowing how kinship systems evolve is critical for understanding population history and cultural diversity. Post-marital residence rules specify sex-specific dispersal and kin association, influencing the pattern of genetic markers across populations. Cultural phylogenetics allows us to practise ‘virtual archaeology’ on these aspects of social life that leave no trace in the archaeological record. Here we show that early Austronesian societies practised matrilocal post-marital residence. Using a Markov-chain Monte Carlo comparative method implemented in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework, we estimated the type of residence at each ancestral node in a sample of Austronesian language trees spanning 135 Pacific societies. Matrilocal residence has been hypothesized for proto-Oceanic society ( ca 3500 BP), but we find strong evidence that matrilocality was predominant in earlier Austronesian societies ca 5000–4500 BP, at the root of the language family and its early branches. Our results illuminate the divergent patterns of mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers seen in the Pacific. The analysis of present-day cross-cultural data in this way allows us to directly address cultural evolutionary and life-history processes in prehistory.
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Gupta, Sachin, Sumit Kumar und Hina Thakkar. „Examining the triple bottom line benefits of ecotourism: a multi-faceted approach“. Multidisciplinary Science Journal 5 (18.08.2023): 2023ss0210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2023ss0210.
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This study assessed the economic (Ec), environmental (En), and social aspects (SA) of ecotourism (ET) in the Philippines in Lobo (LO) and Batangas (BT). The Verde Island Passage, where LO is located, is said to be the hub of marine biodiversity on earth. Another characteristic of LO is the 120-year-old Malabrigo Lighthouse, which views Verde Island. Tectona philippinensis trees, which grow in mountain ranges, are severely endangered in the Philippines. There are also fish sanctuaries, lovely beaches, and diving spots there.394 inhabitants of 18 barangays or local villages in the ecotourism regions (ETR), who were chosen by stratified-proportional random selection, provided their opinions. A survey questionnaire was used to acquire data for this descriptive research. Results indicate that ET in L is socially, commercially, and ecologically acceptable. To ensure the viability of ET over the long term, the local Lobo government (LLG) and the Tourist Sector(TS) should exercise continual caution in all aspects of development. Residents of the surrounding areas should also be constantly looking for methods to safeguard the Lobo Environment (LE) and preserve its natural resources, which should take precedence above any financial advantages that industry, tourism, or other sectors may be able to provide.
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Dudkiewicz, Margot, Patryk Krupiński, Sylwia Czapla und Cyprian Moryc. „Concept of sensory garden in the revitalization project of a housing estate in Krasnystaw“. Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, Nr. 2 (31.01.2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.711.
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Sensory gardens are places designed to stimulate the senses. Most often they are designed near hospitals and schools, where due to availability of the garden, people suffering from sensory processing disorders (autism, dementia, depression) can enjoy new experiences in a safe and comfortable environment. The purpose of the study was to show the possibility of introducing a sensory garden also to the housing estate. The city of Krasnystaw is located 50 km south of Lublin. By carrying out an inventory of existing vegetation and study work, project guidelines were developed. One of the social aspects of the work was to create a garden, that is to integrate the residents. The plant material was selected having in mind senses specification, including hearing, smell and sight. Architectural elements (lighting, benches, gazebo) that were missing so far have been designed, using mainly natural materials – stone and wood. The project selected decorative species of trees and shrubs in terms of colors and forms of leaves, flowers, fruits and an interesting conformation.
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Tsur, Oren, und Ari Rappoport. „Don’t Let Me Be #Misunderstood: Linguistically Motivated Algorithm for Predicting the Popularity of Textual Memes“. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, Nr. 1 (03.08.2021): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14603.
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Prediction of the popularity of online textual snippets gained much attention in recent years. In this paper we investigate some of the factors that contribute to popularity of specific phrases such as Twitter hashtags. We define a new prediction task and propose a linguistically motivated algorithm for accurate prediction of hashtag popularity. Our prediction algorithm successfully models the interplay between various constraints such as the length restriction, typing effort and ease of comprehension. Controlling for network structure and social aspects we get a glimpse into the processes that shape the way we produce language and coin new words. In order to learn the interactions between the constraints we cast the problem as a ranking task. We adapt Gradient Boosted Trees for learning ranking functions in order to predict the hashtags/neologisms to be accepted. Our results outperform several baseline algorithms including SVM-rank, while maintaining higher interpretability, thus our model's prediction power can be used for better crafting of future hashtags.
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Yang, Siyuan, Wenfei Wang, Yizhuo Yun und Yutong Liu. „Forest management plans based on carbon sequestration models“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 42 (07.04.2023): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v42i.7099.
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Carbon sequestration is one of the most important ways to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and forests play an indispensable role in the carbon sink. This paper will use time series prediction model (ARIMA) to Iceland, France and Italy is located in three different latitude, different climatic zone of European countries for predicting the forest carbon sequestration, change model perfectly through stationarity test sequence, and the predicted results are the residual analysis, and finally use AHP to construct a judgment matrix, obtain the weight vector through normalization, conduct consistency test, and establish an evaluation model to measure the five aspects of carbon sequestration, water and soil conservation, biodiversity, wood product profits and benefits, and social services. In the end, this paper gains the weight of the main factors affecting forest value. This paper explains to community dwellers the need for moderate deforestation of forest trees based on the above model and conclusions.
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MARIA M. BASNA, RUDI A. MATURBONGS und ANTONI UNGIRWALU. „ETNOTEKNOKONSERVASI PEMANFAATAN PALEM SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN BUBU TRADISONAL SUKU MAYBRAT“. JURNAL KEHUTANAN PAPUASIA 6, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol6.iss1.199.
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Traditional knowledge and local wisdom related to the utilization of natural resources of the forest developed as a multi-disciplinary in the study of ethnobiology, ethnoecology, ethnoforestry, to ethno-conservation. Unfortunately, in ethnobotany studies, there are publicity gaps in documenting ecological (biological) and cultural (social) aspects in Papua related to community-based conservation management. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study related to the documentation of community-based conservation knowledge in West Papua. The purpose of this research study is to construct ethno-noconstruction of palm plants as material for making traditional bubu by the Maybrat tribe in West Papua. The results of scoping of local knowledge of bubu making and sero making techniques of the Maybrat are part of cognitive symbols that are classified as individual life skills where the conditions are highly dependent on the state of the environment in which they live and the potential of forest resources. The use of palm trees as natural resources and the local knowledge construction process of making traditional bubu as a manifestation of the Maybrat etnotecnoconservation are closely related to people's livelihoods as active and passive fishermen. Local knowledge in the use of palm trees in the process of its formation is not merely a cognitive dimension, but also the dimension of local conservation values in maintaining an environmentally friendly and sustainable fish capture system that should need to be maintained.
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Zhavoronkov, Alexander, und Natalia Voronina. „Attitude Towards Immigrants in the Mass Consciousness of Europeans. Part 3. Some Aspects of the Dynamics of Semantic Fields“. Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 9, Nr. 4 (27.12.2021): 162–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2021.9.4.8613.
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In the third part of the article, variations in the characteristics of several features, the receipt of which is disclosed in the first and second parts, are considered on a time series. In order to identify the circumstances of stability and variability of operational reactions-assessments by the mass consciousness of Europeans of interaction with immigrants, as well as the homogeneity of the socially fixed norms of these assessments, they are considered at various levels of structuring the object of research. With the help of correlation and analysis of variance, examples are given of the positioning of countries that are relatively stable and reactive in terms of the nature of their dynamics of assessments, as well as triads of degrees of coincidence of these assessments that are socially anchored on a national scale – dissenting, median, dominant. The method of decision trees analyzes the accompanying typical differentiation of several communication countries, crystallized normative applications of attitudes towards immigrants, with several social characteristics. The analysis of the information leads to the conclusion that the power of differentiation of the emerging assessments and norms of attitudes towards immigrants in connection with economic factors significantly exceeds the influence of both socio-demographic characteristics and transformed forms of consciousness that serve to protect corporate economic interests to the detriment of the common good at the level’s certain communities.
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S, Arland, Emy Sadjati und Muhammad Ikhwan. „STUDI PENERAPAN METODE POHON CONTOH (TREE SAMPLING) DALAM PENDUGAAN POTENSI TEGAKAN HUTAN TANAMAN EKALIPTUS“. Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 13, Nr. 2 (16.07.2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v13i2.1567.
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Management and exploitation of forest products required for planning to be prepared for sustainable forest exploitation and also taking into account aspects of Sustainability. The so-called aspects are production capabilities, ecological functions and social functions. In order to achieve these matters, appropriate data are needed to present information on the potential for existing forest stands through forest inventory activities. In the inventory activity found some problems that occur in terms of cost, time, problems and human resources needed. Factors that will affect the data we get. These inhibiting factors can be overcome by creating three groups using methods that have been developed both in data retrieval techniques and data processing.The sampling method as a suitable and effective method in which the sampling method used in the inventory activity is a conventional method using a plot or a circle plot with the area and sampling determined according to the age class of the stand. In addition, using conventional methods is another method that also has accurate and precise information. Method of sampling trees. This study aims to the effectiveness and effectiveness of tree sampling methods and circular plot methods, making it easier to find an efficient and effective location in the work area of PT. Perawang Sukses Perkasa Petapahan District. The research was conducted in the plantation of industrial plant Ekaliptus (Eucalyptus pellita) located at PT. Perawang Sukses Perkasa Industri Petapahan District, Kampar District, Riau Province. This research was conducted for 2 months ie in May - June 2018. Based on the results of research conducted method of circular plot will be more effective and has a higher level of accuracy than other methods with a value of 2.9% sampling error. When viewed from a relative point of view, the relative average yield using the tree sampling method of 8 trees is more easily done in a circular manner with a relative value of 200.28% and accuracy is still accountable.