Zeitschriftenartikel: „Treatment of liquid digestate“

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Akhiar, Afifi, Felipe Guilayn, Michel Torrijos, Audrey Battimelli, Abd Halim Shamsuddin und Hélène Carrère. „Correlations between the Composition of Liquid Fraction of Full-Scale Digestates and Process Conditions“. Energies 14, Nr. 4 (12.02.2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040971.

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Fast development of centralized agricultural biogas plants leads to high amounts of digestate production. The treatment and disposal of liquid fractions after on-site digestate solid–liquid separation remains problematic due to their high organic, nutrient and aromatic contents. This work aims to study the variability of the remaining compounds in the digestate liquid fractions in relation to substrate origin, process parameters and solid–liquid separation techniques. Twenty-nine digestates from full-scale codigestion biogas plants and one waste activated sludge (WAS) digestate were collected and characterized. This study highlighted the combined effect of the solid–liquid separation process and the anaerobic digestion feedstock on the characteristics of liquid fractions of digestates. Two major clusters were found: (1) liquid fractions from high efficiency separation process equipment (e.g., centrifuge and others with addition of coagulant, flocculent or polymer) and (2) liquid fractions from low efficiency separation processes (e.g., screw press, vibrating screen and rotary drum), in this latter case, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was associated with the proportion of cow manure and energy crops at biogas plant input. Finally, SUVA254, an indicator for aromatic molecule content and the stabilization of organic matter, was associated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT).

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Gienau, Tobias, Artjom Ehrmanntraut, Matthias Kraume und Sandra Rosenberger. „Influence of Ozone Treatment on Ultrafiltration Performance and Nutrient Flow in a Membrane Based Nutrient Recovery Process from Anaerobic Digestate“. Membranes 10, Nr. 4 (04.04.2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10040064.

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Membrane filtration of biological suspensions is frequently limited by fouling. This mechanism is well understood for ultrafiltration of activated sludge in membrane bioreactors. A rather young application of ultrafiltration is the recovery of nutrients from anaerobic digestates, e.g., from agricultural biogas plants. A process chain of solid/liquid separation, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmoses separates the digestate into different products: an organic N-P-fertilizer (solid digestate), a recirculate (UF retentate), a liquid N-K-fertilizer (RO retentate) and water. Despite the preceding particle removal, high crossflow velocities are required in the ultrafiltration step to overcome fouling. This leads to high operation costs of the ultrafiltration step and often limits the economical application of the complete process chain. In this study, under-stoichiometric ozone treatment of the ultrafiltration feed stream is investigated. Ozone treatment reduced the biopolymer concentration and apparent viscosity of different digestate centrates. Permeabilities of centrate treated with ozone were higher than without ozone treatment. In a laboratory test rig and in a pilot plant operated at the site of two full scale biogas plants, ultrafiltration flux could be improved by 50–80% by ozonation. Nutrient concentrations in the fertilizer products were not affected by ozone treatment.

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Rahmat, Budy, Ida Hodiyah, Apip Supriadi, Memet Hikmat und Gilang Purnama. „Design of biogas digester with thermophilic pretreatment for reducing fruits wastes“. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (01.10.2019): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00301-y.

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Abstract Purpose This study aimed to design a biogas digester that works thermophilically and mesophilically and tested its performance to produce biogas and digestate. Methods This study used some experimental methods, which consists of: (1) design and construction process of the digester which can facilitate the thermophilic process as a pretreatment of the feedstock and the anaerobic digestion process of the substrate; (2) determination of the quantity of biogas, liquid digestate, and compost; and (3) testing digestate quality as a liquid organic fertilizer for Ipomoea reptans. Results The built biogas digester was able to accommodate thermophilic digestion that runs intensely in the pretreatment tank, where the complex organic compounds, namely cellulose and hemicellulose, decomposed intensively, so that it becomes a suitable substrate. As raw material, every 4 kg of banana waste, can produce biogas, digestate and dry compost of 10,200 cm3 (highest yield), 5900 mL, and 1420 g, respectively. The highest Ipomoea reptans growth was achieved by digestate treatment from banana waste. Conclusions Thermophilic pretreatment could shorten the processing time to 3 days. Digestate treatment as a liquid organic fertilizer is able to provide a better supply of nutrients for plants.

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Camilleri-Rumbau, Maria Salud, Kelly Briceño, Lene Fjerbæk Søtoft, Knud Villy Christensen, Maria Cinta Roda-Serrat, Massimiliano Errico und Birgir Norddahl. „Treatment of Manure and Digestate Liquid Fractions Using Membranes: Opportunities and Challenges“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 6 (17.03.2021): 3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063107.

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Manure and digestate liquid fractions are nutrient-rich effluents that can be fractionated and concentrated using membranes. However, these membranes tend to foul due to organic matter, solids, colloids, and inorganic compounds including calcium, ammonium, sodium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium contained in the feed. This review paper is intended as a theoretical and practical tool for the decision-making process during design of membrane-based systems aiming at processing manure liquid fractions. Firstly, this review paper gives an overview of the main physico-chemical characteristics of manure and digestates. Furthermore, solid-liquid separation technologies are described and the complexity of the physico-chemical variables affecting the separation process is discussed. The main factors influencing membrane fouling mechanisms, morphology and characteristics are described, as well as techniques covering membrane inspection and foulant analysis. Secondly, the effects of the feed characteristics, membrane operating conditions (pressure, cross-flow velocity, temperature), pH, flocculation-coagulation and membrane cleaning on fouling and membrane performance are presented. Finally, a summary of techniques for specific recovery of ammonia-nitrogen, phosphorus and removal of heavy metals for farm effluents is also presented.

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Piccoli, Ilaria, Giuseppe Virga, Carmelo Maucieri und Maurizio Borin. „Digestate Liquid Fraction Treatment with Filters Filled with Recovery Materials“. Water 13, Nr. 1 (24.12.2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010021.

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a green technology for digestate liquid fraction (DLF) treatment. However, previous research has warned about their performance when treating wastewater with high suspended solid and organic loads. In addition, the high NH4-N concentration typical of this wastewater can compromise vegetation establishment and activity. In view of this, a digestate pretreatment is needed. This study aimed to test the performance of filters filled with recovery materials, such as brick and refractory material, for DLF pretreatment. The effect on DLF physical (electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) and chemical (total nitrogen, ammonia–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) characteristics was monitored during eight weekly cycles. The effect of filtration on total nitrogen and ammonia–nitrogen removal began after about one month of loading, suggesting that an activation period is necessary for bacteria. For effective N removal, the presence of multiple digestate recirculations per day through the filters appears mandatory to guarantee the alternation of nitrification and denitrification conditions. For P removal, filling material particle size appeared to be more important than its composition. Unclear performances were observed considering chemical oxygen demand. Further studies on filling media and microbial community interactions, and the long-term efficiency of filters, are desirable.

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Jamison, Jacqueline, Samir Kumar Khanal, Nhu H. Nguyen und Jonathan L. Deenik. „Assessing the Effects of Digestates and Combinations of Digestates and Fertilizer on Yield and Nutrient Use of Brassica juncea (Kai Choy)“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 3 (09.03.2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030509.

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Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes produces solid residues known as digestates, which have potential as a fertilizer and soil amendment. The majority of research on digestate focuses on their fertilizer value. However, there is a lack of information about additional effects they may have on plant growth, both positive and negative. Understanding the effects of digestate on plant growth is essential to optimizing their use in agriculture and helping close the loop of material and energy balances. This greenhouse study evaluated the effects of two different digestates, a food waste digestate (FWD) and a lignocellulosic biomass digestate (LBD); a liquid fertilizer; and various combinations of fertilizer and digestates on plant growth, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of Brassica juncea (kai choy) plants. It also evaluated potential negative attributes of the digestates, including salinity and possible biohazards. Combinations of LBD and fertilizer performed as well or slightly better than the fertilizer control for most parameters, including aboveground biomass and root length. These same combinations had significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency than the fertilizer control. Inhibitory effects were observed in 100% LBD treatments, likely due to the high electrical conductivity of the media from digestate application. Based on this research, LBD could partially replace mineral fertilizers for kai choy at up to 50% of the target nitrogen rate and may lead to increased plant growth beyond mineral fertilizers. FWD could replace up to 100% of the target nitrogen application, without causing significant negative effects on plant growth. Increasing the use of digestates in agriculture will provide additional incentives for the anaerobic digestion process, as it produces two valuable products: biogas for energy and digestate for fertilizer.

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Carney, K. N., M. Rodgers, P. G. Lawlor und X. Zhan. „Treatment of separated piggery anaerobic digestate liquid using woodchip biofilters“. Environmental Technology 34, Nr. 5 (März 2013): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.710408.

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Logan, Mohanakrishnan, und Chettiyappan Visvanathan. „Management strategies for anaerobic digestate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Current status and future prospects“. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, Nr. 1_suppl (Januar 2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18816793.

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Anaerobic digestion has emerged as the preferred treatment for organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Digestate management strategies are devised not only for safe disposal but also to increase the value and marketability. Regulations and standards for digestate management are framed to address the pollution concerns, conserve vulnerable zones, prevent communicable diseases, and to educate on digestate storage and applications. Regulations and the desired end uses are the main drivers for the enhancement of digestate through pretreatment, in vessel cleaning, and post-digestion treatment technologies for solid and liquid fractions of digestate. The current management practice involves utilization of digestate for land application either as fertilizer or soil improver. Prospects are bright for alternative usage such as microalgal cultivation, biofuel and bioethanol production. Presently, the focus of optimization of the anaerobic digestion process is directed only towards enhancing biogas yield, ignoring the quality of digestate produced. A paradigm shift is needed in the approach from ‘biogas optimization’ to ‘integrated biogas–digestate optimization’.

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Crutchik, Dafne, Gustavo Rodríguez-Valdecantos, Gabriela Bustos, Javier Bravo, Bernardo González und Claudia Pabón-Pereira. „Vermiproductivity, maturation and microbiological changes derived from the use of liquid anaerobic digestate during the vermicomposting of market waste“. Water Science and Technology 82, Nr. 9 (04.09.2020): 1781–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.427.

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Abstract Recently, it has been suggested that the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate, derived from the treatment of wastewater and solid wastes, could be used in vermicomposting as a solution to its disposal, and even for its valorization. Nevertheless, the literature does not provide enough information about its impact on the process of vermicomposting itself and on the final quality of the end-product. In this study, the effect of different doses of digestate in the vermicomposting process treating market waste is assessed measuring earthworm population dynamics, the bacterial community succession present in the vermibeds, as well as maturation and the end-quality of the vermicompost. Our results show that the addition of liquid digestate to the vermibeds increased the earthworms biomass, i.e. 71%, 94% and 168% in control, and vermibeds with 30% and 60% digestate, respectively. Further, the increase in the amount of N in the vermicompost decreased as the digestate addition increased, i.e. 75%, 8%, 3%. The maturity achieved was high in all treatments as shown by the C/N ratio, 7.98, 7.40 and 10.20, and the high seed germination rate, above 90%. Finally, the succession of the microbial community was not disturbed and compositional stabilization was reached after 92 days.

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Seruga, Przemysław, Małgorzata Krzywonos und Marta Wilk. „Treatment of By-Products Generated from Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste“. Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, Nr. 9 (01.10.2019): 4933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00831-6.

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Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine the possibilities of the treatment of the by-products generated in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW): oxygen stabilization (composting) of the solid digestate and pretreatment with air stripping of the effluents (liquid digestate and leachate from maturation field and reactors from composting). Methods Oxygen stabilization (OS) was performed in full-scale in a mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plant using three different methods, using an open field or enclosed box reactor with aeration. The ammonia stripping was performed in a pilot-scale installation using effluents from AD (liquid digestate) and OS (leachate from maturation field and reactors). Results The lowest self-heating possibility after the OS was recorded at 28.5 °C, which proves that the most stabilized was the sample after processing with structuring material addition. Due to air stripping, the highest efficiency of ammonium ions removal was noted at the level of 50.6%, with an initial pH value of 10.5, after 12 h. Among the examined factors pH value was found to be significant [the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.93]. Conclusions The oxygen stabilization of the digestate requires the structuring material addition before being placed in the reactor with aeration. The inert fraction from the ballistic separation of the OFMSW can be an interesting solution, as required structuring material. Air stripping as the effluents pre-treatment step can meet the MBT plants expectations. Graphic Abstract

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Phong, Nguyen Thanh. „GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANTS“. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, Nr. 4B (22.03.2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12043.

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This study investigated emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3 from nine anaerobic digestion plants that treat biowaste. The treatment is in form of mechanical pre-treatment, anaerobic digestion followed by a composting with or without intensive aeration. The exhaust gases from the mechanical and anaerobic steps are treated by biofilters. The emission sources at the plants consisted of biofilters, combined heat and power units (CHP), liquid digestate treatment systems (LTS) and open composting windrows of the solid digestate. Overall, the emission factors were 0.4 - 16 kg (Mg biowaste)-1 for CH4, 7 - 170 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for N2O and 41 - 6,032 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for NH3. Open composting windrows of solid digestate resulted in high emissions of CH4 and N2O. Intensive aeration of the solid digestate could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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Majtacz, Joanna, Dominika Grubba und Krzysztof Czerwionka. „Application of the Anammox Process for Treatment of Liquid Phase Digestate“. Water 12, Nr. 11 (22.10.2020): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112965.

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The liquid phase of the digestate (LPD) contains a relatively high concentration of nitrogen, with total ammonium nitrogen being the dominant form of nitrogen, as well as other essential nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Consequently, it must be treated before it is released into the environment. However, there are no reports of co-purification of LPD in the anammox process in sequencing batch reactor with granular sludge, which is a novelty for the presented research. The main objective of this paper is to assess the possibility of nitrogen removal in the anammox process with LPD from biogas plants conducting the co-fermentation process along with the participation of agricultural products (cattle slurry). This publication presents the research results of the efficiency of the anammox process, accounting for the effect of dissolved organic matter. The conducted experiments revealed the potential of LPD purification, which co-ferments waste activated sludge and bovine slurry for the anammox process. In the reactor ammonium utilization rate (AUR) process with LPD addition increased from 2.3 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 0.5% LPD addition to 8.5 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 7.5% LPD addition. SAA in the reactor with LPD addition increased from 5.3 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 0.5% LPD addition to 18.5 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 4 and 5% LPD addition. With the addition of 7.5% LPD, SAA dropped to a value of 18.1 mg N/(g VSS∙h) in the LPD reactor.

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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, und Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz. „The Use of Flat Ceramic Membranes for Purification of the Liquid Fraction of the Digestate from Municipal Waste Biogas Plants“. Energies 14, Nr. 13 (01.07.2021): 3947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133947.

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Due to the rising water deficit in agriculture, digestate is increasingly being considered not only as an alternative fertiliser but also as a potential source of water. The use of recycled water for crop irrigation requires that it be treated in such a way that contaminants from the fermented biomass are not returned to the environment. Membrane processes can provide promising results in this regard. This study seeks to achieve membrane filtration using flat ceramic membranes for effective digestate liquid fraction treatment from a municipal waste biogas plant. Membranes of 1, 5, 15, and 50 kDa, and 0.14 and 0.45 µm are examined. The results obtained show that the application of a sedimentation process, as a preliminary step in the purification of the digestate, allows for a significant reduction in the content of contaminants in the solution. By analysing the effectiveness of the liquid fraction of the digestate purification in the sedimentation-membrane filtration process using flat ceramic membranes, it can be stated that all the membranes tested can be applied in the digestate purification. With an increase in the cut-off value, a deterioration in the quality of the digestate can be observed. The use of the sedimentation process before the membrane process not only improves the final quality of the digestate but also reduces the intensity of membrane fouling.

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Baryga, Andrzej, Bożenna Połeć, Andrzej Klasa und Tomasz Piotr Olejnik. „Application of Sugar Beet Pulp Digestate as a Soil Amendment in the Production of Energy Maize“. Processes 9, Nr. 5 (27.04.2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050765.

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This study aimed to determine the suitability of sugar beet pulp digestion by-products as soil amendments for maize grown for energy purposes. In a plot experiment, nitrogen fertilizer at a standard rate of 200 kg N ha−1 was applied as a control vs. treatment with solid and liquid digestate fractions. Digestate was obtained from a gasifier processing only sugar beet pulp. Following harvest, heating and calorific values were determined together with the yield and chemical composition of the maize cob and stover. It was found that soil amendment with crude (unseparated) digestate or its two fractions (separated into liquid and solid) produced higher yields of maize cobs and stover compared with the application of standard fertilizer. An analysis of the energy value of the maize plant revealed differences between the studied soil treatments. Cobs obtained from plots treated with the digestate showed higher calorific and heating values than those obtained from control plots; however, maize stover from control plots showed higher calorific and heating values compared with plants from other experimental plots. It can be concluded that by-products obtained from sugar beet pulp digestion can be alternatively used as a soil amendment for maize production in a crop rotation with sugar beet. Among studied amendments the solid fraction of the digestate was found to have the best performance.

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Wang, Hong, Bufan Qi, Xiaomei Jiang, Yiqi Jiang, Han Yang, Youqian Xiao, Na Jiang, Liangwei Deng und Wenguo Wang. „Microalgal interstrains differences in algal-bacterial biofloc formation during liquid digestate treatment“. Bioresource Technology 289 (Oktober 2019): 121741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121741.

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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Mateusz Wnukowski, Przemysław Seruga, Marcin Baranowski, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk, Krystian Krochmalny und Lukasz Niedzwiecki. „Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation“. Energies 13, Nr. 1 (05.01.2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010262.

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Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.

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Maurer, Claudia, Julia Seiler-Petzold, Rudolf Schulz und Joachim Müller. „Short-Term Nitrogen Uptake of Barley from Differently Processed Biogas Digestate in Pot Experiments“. Energies 12, Nr. 4 (21.02.2019): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040696.

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The use of biogas digestate as fertilizer is limited by the farm nutrient balance. Mechanical separation and drying of digestate increases its transport worthiness as well as the economic feasibility of nutrient export. This study compares the fertilizer effect of four treatments of digestate originating from two biogas plants: untreated digestate, liquid and solid fraction of separated digestate and dried solid fraction of separated digestate. Pot experiments with barley were performed with two fertilization levels for different digestate variants. Above-ground biomass yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in biomass and plant uptake efficiency were highlighted. The results showed that all variants have higher above-ground biomass yield than the control. Due to the reduced amount of easily available N, short-term N uptake of barley from solid fractions of digestate was low. The treatments with the dried solid fraction at low fertilization level showed up to 59% lower N removal from soil and, at high fertilization level, up to 83% lower N removal compared to the respective fresh solid fraction (100%). Depending on the feedstock of biogas plants and processing of digestate, N availability varied and influenced the short-term N uptake. It is recommended that digestate processing should be combined with ammonia recovery to prevent N losses to the environment.

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Vondra, Marek, Vítězslav Máša und Petr Bobák. „The energy performance of vacuum evaporators for liquid digestate treatment in biogas plants“. Energy 146 (März 2018): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.135.

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Maucieri, Carmelo, Antonio C. Barbera und Maurizio Borin. „Effect of injection depth of digestate liquid fraction on soil carbon dioxide emission and maize biomass production“. Italian Journal of Agronomy 10, Nr. 1s (22.03.2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2016.657.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate, in open field conditions, the effect of injection depth of digestate liquid fraction (10 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm) in clay loam soil, on CO2 emission. An un-amended soil was considered as control. The study was performed in 2014 on a farm located in Terrasa Padovana, Veneto region (Italy) distributing digestate before maize sowing. Digestate injection determined a high soil CO2 emission in the first hour after application, followed by a progressive reduction in as early as 24 h, reaching significantly lower values, similar to those measured in the un-amended control, after 48 h. Gas emissions measured 1 h after digestate application decreased as injection depth increased with significantly higher emission values in the 10 cm treatment (median value 23.7 g CO2 m–2 h–1) than in the 35 cm one (median value 2.5 g CO2 m–2 h–1). In the 3 days between digestate distribution and maize sowing, soil CO2 emission was significantly higher in the amended treatments than un-amended one, with median values of 1.53 g CO2 m–2 h–1 and 0.46 g CO2 m–2 h–1 respectively. During maize growing season, no significant soil CO2 emission difference was monitored among treatments, with a median value of 0.33 g CO2 m–2 h–1. Digestate application significantly improved maize aboveground dry biomass with an average yield of 22.0 Mg ha–1 and 16.2 Mg ha–1 in amended and un-amended plots, respectively, due to the different amount of nutrients supplied.

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Krustok, I., J. G. Diaz, M. Odlare und E. Nehrenheim. „Algae biomass cultivation in nitrogen rich biogas digestate“. Water Science and Technology 72, Nr. 10 (22.07.2015): 1723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.384.

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Because microalgae are known for quick biomass growth and nutrient uptake, there has been much interest in their use in research on wastewater treatment methods. While many studies have concentrated on the algal treatment of wastewaters with low to medium ammonium concentrations, there are several liquid waste streams with high ammonium concentrations that microalgae could potentially treat. The aim of this paper was to test ammonium tolerance of the indigenous algae community of Lake Mälaren and to use this mixed consortia of algae to remove nutrients from biogas digestate. Algae from Lake Mälaren were cultivated in Jaworski's Medium containing a range of ammonium concentrations and the resulting algal growth was determined. The algae were able to grow at NH4-N concentrations of up to 200 mg L−1 after which there was significant inhibition. To test the effectiveness of the lake water algae on the treatment of biogas digestate, different pre-cultivation set-ups and biogas digestate concentrations were tested. It was determined that mixing pre-cultivated suspension algae with 25% of biogas digestate by volume, resulting in an ammonium concentration of around 300 mg L−1, produced the highest algal growth. The algae were effective in removing 72.8 ± 2.2% of NH4-N and 41.4 ± 41.4% of PO4-P.

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Caruso, C., C. Maucieri, A. Barco, A. C. Barbera und M. Borin. „Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and digestate fertilisation on triticale biomass production using fungicide-coated seeds“. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 57, Nr. 1 (07.09.2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2018-0005.

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AbstractCrop fertilisation management using organic wastes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation can play a crucial role in the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, in conventional agricultural systems, agrochemicals like fungicides could reduce the positive effect of AMF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic (biomass production) and environmental (soil CO2 emission) effects of AMF inoculation and digestate spreading on triticale cultivation using commercial seeds coated with fungicide. The field experiment was conducted in 2014–2015 at the University of Padua’s experimental farm (Italy), adopting a split-plot design, where the main plot factor was AMF inoculation (inoculated vs. uninoculated) and the subplot factor was fertilisation treatment (no fertilisation (NF), digestate liquid fraction (DL), digestate solid fraction (DS), mineral fertilisation (MF)). Low AMF root colonization was observed, likely due to the effect of fungicide; the only significant effect of AMF inoculation was a lower shoot density. Dry biomass production was significantly higher in the MF treatment (21.8 ± 1.04 Mg/ha) and lower in the NF treatment (14.5 ± 0.73 Mg/ha) compared to DS and DL treatments, which were not significantly different with an average yield of 17.2 ± 2.10 Mg/ha. During the cropping season, soil CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by either AMF inoculation or fertilisation treatment. The median value of soil CO2 emissions was 447.3 mg/m2 per hour.

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Haraldsen, Trond Knapp, Uno Andersen, Tore Krogstad und Roald Sørheim. „Liquid digestate from anaerobic treatment of source-separated household waste as fertilizer to barley“. Waste Management & Research 29, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2011): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x11411975.

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Świątczak, Piotr, Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska und Magdalena Zielińska. „Treatment of the liquid phase of digestate from a biogas plant for water reuse“. Bioresource Technology 276 (März 2019): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.077.

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Wu, Shubiao, Ming Lei, Qimin Lu, Luchen Guo und Renjie Dong. „Treatment of pig manure liquid digestate in horizontal flow constructed wetlands: Effect of aeration“. Engineering in Life Sciences 16, Nr. 3 (02.12.2015): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201500030.

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Ujor, Victor Chinomso, Christopher Chukwudi Okonkwo, Brennen Bradley Rush, Grace Ellen McCrea und Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Ezeji. „Harnessing the Residual Nutrients in Anaerobic Digestate for Ethanol Fermentation and Digestate Remediation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae“. Fermentation 6, Nr. 2 (18.05.2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6020052.

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This study evaluated the feasibility of concomitant nutrient removal, cleaner water recovery, and improved ethanol production via glucose fermentation in the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate (ADE) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 25%, 50%, and 100% (v/v) ADE supported the growth of S. cerevisiae, glucose utilization (~100 g/L) and ethanol production (up to 50.4 ± 6.4 g/L). After a 144 h fermentation in the 50% ADE, the concentrations of ammonia, total nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus decreased 1000-, 104.43-, 1.94-, and 2.20-fold, respectively. Notably, only 0.40 ± 0.61 mg/L ammonia was detected in the 50% ADE post-fermentation. Similarly, the concentrations of aluminum, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, potassium, sodium, iron, sulfur, zinc, chloride, and sulfate decreased significantly in the ADE. Further analysis suggests that the nitrogen (ammonia and protein), phosphate, and the metal contents of the digestate work in tandem to promote growth and ethanol production. Among these, ammonia and protein appear to exert considerable effects on S. cerevisiae. These results represent a significant first step towards repurposing ADE as a resource in bio-production of fuels and chemicals, whilst generating effluent that is economically treatable by conventional wastewater treatment technologies.

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Szymańska, Magdalena, Ewa Szara, Adam Wąs, Tomasz Sosulski, Gijs van Pruissen und René Cornelissen. „Struvite—An Innovative Fertilizer from Anaerobic Digestate Produced in a Bio-Refinery“. Energies 12, Nr. 2 (18.01.2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020296.

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This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the fertilizer value of struvite, a precipitation product obtained from a liquid fraction of the digestate. The effects of struvite (STR), struvite + ammonium sulphate (STR + N) and ammonium phosphate (AP) treatments were examined on maize and grass cultivation on silty loam and loamy sand soil. The crop yields were found to depend on both the soil type and experimental treatment. Crop yields produced under STR and STR + N exceeded those under the control treatments by respectively 66% and 108% for maize, and 94% and 110% for grass. Crop yields under STR + N were similar or greater than those under the AP treatment. The nitrogen recovery by maize and grass reached respectively 68% and 62% from the struvite and 78% and 52% from AP. The phosphorus recovery by maize and grass reached 7.3% and 4.8%, respectively, from struvite (i.e., STR and STR + N), which was lower than that from the AP (18.4% by maize and 8.1% by grass).

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Świątczak, Piotr, Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska und Magdalena Zielińska. „Treatment of Liquid Phase of Digestate from Agricultural Biogas Plant in a System with Aerobic Granules and Ultrafiltration“. Water 11, Nr. 1 (09.01.2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010104.

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Management of digestate from manure co-digestion with a very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio and high nitrogen loads are a major bottleneck in the development of agricultural biogas plants. The liquid phase of digestate mixed with municipal wastewater was treated in aerobic granular sludge batch reactors at cycle lengths (t) of 6 h (GSBR6h), 8 h (GSBR8h), and 12 h (GSBR12h), corresponding to nitrogen loads of 1.6, 1.2, and 0.8 g/(L·d). Thauera sp., Lacibacter sp., Thermanaerothrix sp., and Planctomyces sp. predominated in granules favoring effective granule formation and nitrogen removal. Increasing cycle lengths (t) significantly decreased proteins in soluble fraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in granules and increased polysaccharides in tightly bound EPS that resulted in higher granule diameters and higher COD removal. In GSBR6h, heterotrophic nitrification/denitrification was very efficient, but ammonium was fully oxidized in the last hour of the cycle. So in further studies, the effluent from GSBR8h was subjected to ultrafiltration (UF) at transmembrane pressures (TMPs) of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 MPa. A GSBR8h-UF system (TMP of 0.4 MPa) ensured full removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), suspended solids, and substantial reduction of COD and color with good permeate flux. The NOx-rich (about 250 mg/L), clear permeate can be reused in line with assumptions of modern circular economy.

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Gallipoli, Agata, Andrea Gianico, Simona Crognale, Simona Rossetti, Leone Mazzeo, Vincenzo Piemonte, Maurizio Masi und Camilla Maria Braguglia. „3-ROUTES PLATFORM FOR RECOVERY OF HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS, ENERGY AND BIO-FERTILIZER FROM URBAN BIOWASTE: THE REVENUE PROJECT“. Detritus, Nr. 15 (30.06.2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.15092.

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This innovative Biorefinery platform is based on the integration of a mild thermal pre-treatment and a solid/liquid separation unit to parallel-integrated bioprocesses specifically selected on food waste distinctive chemical composition: a liquid fraction, rich in readily fermentable sugars, to be transformed into valuable biobased products, and a solid organic residue to enhance biomethane production generating a fully hygienized digestate to be recycled. The preliminary results in terms of VFAs yields and composition from the acidogenic stage, and the methane conversion rate from the anaerobic digestion of the solid residue, are here presented

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Tampio, Elina, Sanna Marttinen und Jukka Rintala. „Liquid fertilizer products from anaerobic digestion of food waste: mass, nutrient and energy balance of four digestate liquid treatment systems“. Journal of Cleaner Production 125 (Juli 2016): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.127.

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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Christian Aragon-Briceño, Mateusz Wnukowski, Artur Pożarlik, Lukasz Niedzwiecki, Marcin Baranowski et al. „Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance“. Energies 14, Nr. 16 (05.08.2021): 4752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164752.

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New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use the by-product of anaerobic digestion—the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way to valorise the digestate in an energy-efficient manner and at the same time maximise the synergy in terms of recovery of water, nutrients, followed by more efficient use of the remaining carbon. Additionally, hydrothermal treatment is a feasible way to recirculate recalcitrant process residues. Recirculation to anaerobic digestion enables recovery of a significant part of chemical energy lost in HTC by organics dissolved in the liquid effluent. Recirculating back to the HTC process can enhance nutrient recovery by making process water more acidic. However, such an effect of synergy can be exploited to its full extent only when viable separation techniques are applied to separate organic by-products of HTC and water. The results presented in this study show that using cascade membrane systems (microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF)), using polymeric membranes, can facilitate such separation. The best results were obtained by conducting sequential treatment of the liquid by-product of HTC in the following membrane sequence: MF 0.2 µm → UF PES 10 → NF NPO30P, which allowed reaching COD removal efficiency of almost 60%.

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Xu, Jie, Yongjun Zhao, Guohua Zhao und Hui Zhang. „Nutrient removal and biogas upgrading by integrating freshwater algae cultivation with piggery anaerobic digestate liquid treatment“. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 99, Nr. 15 (26.03.2015): 6493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6537-x.

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Calábková, Katrin, Petra Malíková, Silvie Heviánková und Michaela Červenková. „Recycling of Phosphorus and Ammonia Nitrogen from Digestate“. GeoScience Engineering 64, Nr. 4 (01.12.2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2018-0020.

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Abstract Digestate from biogas plants, formed by dewatering anaerobically stabilized sludge, is characteristic of high concentrations of phosphates and ammonia nitrogen suitable for further use. Phosphorus is an element widely used to produce fertilizers, and because of its continually shortening natural supplies, recycling of phosphorus is gaining on significance. Both phosphorus and nitrogen are important elements and their presence affect the quality of water resources. Both elements can contribute to eutrophication. At the same time, both phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, are important elements for agricultural production, and therefore greater demands are being made on the effort to connect sewage treatment processes and the process of recycling of these nutrients. A suitable product of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are phosphates in the form of a structurally-poorly soluble precipitate of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite). This form of slowly decomposing fertilizer is distinguished by its fertilizing abilities. Compared to direct use of digestate as a fertilizer, struvite is more stable and can gradually release ammonia nitrogen for a long time without unnecessary losses. In the reported experiments, the precipitation efficiency of the recycling of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from the digestate liqour (liquid discharge from digestate) was, at a stoichiometric ratio of Mg2+: NH4+: PO43− (3.2: 1: 0.8) and a stirring time of 15 minutes, 87 % for ammonia nitrogen ions.

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Bellucci, Micol, Francesca Marazzi, Elena Ficara und Valeria Mezzanotte. „Effect of N:P Ratio on Microalgae/Nitrifying Bacteria Community in Agro-Digestate Treatment“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0061.

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AbstractThe role of P content on the treatment and valorization of the liquid fraction of digestate, namely centrate, through microalgae-based technologies was evaluated in this study. The performance of four column photobioreactors, which were fed on diluted centrate with corrected (10 mg N/ mg P) and not modified (129 mg N/ mg P) N:P ratio, were monitored and compared. The results demonstrated that P shortage in the centrate affected neither the total nitrogen and COD removal rate nor the volumetric biomass productivity, suggesting that expensive addition of P salts is not necessary to maximize the efficiency of the process. On the contrary, the addition of P to the centrate promoted the ammonia oxidation process as higher nitrite production was observed in the photobioreactors with adjusted N:P ratio than in the ones fed with the non-adjusted N:P ratio. These findings were confirmed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR assays, which revealed a higher number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the microalgal suspensions cultivated on centrate with P addition. In conclusion, the N:P ratio in the centrate seems to have a role in controlling the nitrification process rather than in the overall nutrient removal rate and biomass productivity of the microalgae-based system.

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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, Izabela Polowczyk, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz und Przemysław Seruga. „Characteristics of Changes in Particle Size and Zeta Potential of the Digestate Fraction from the Municipal Waste Biogas Plant Treated with the Use of Chemical Coagulation/Precipitation Processes“. Energies 13, Nr. 22 (10.11.2020): 5861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225861.

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The organic fraction of waste is increasingly used for biogas production. However, the fermentation process used for this purpose also produces waste in the form of digestate in addition to biogas. Its liquid fraction can, among other things, be a source of water, but its recovery requires many advanced technological processes. Among the first in the treatment train is usually coagulation/chemical precipitation. Its application changes properties, including the size and zeta potential (ζ) of the fractions that have to be removed in subsequent processes. Changes in particle size distribution and ζ potential occurring in the liquid fraction of municipal waste biogas plant digestate and solutions after coagulation/chemical precipitation with FeCl₃·6H₂O, PIX 112 and CaO were analyzed. The particle size distribution of the raw digestate was wide (0.4–300 µm; up to 900 µm without ultrasound). The median particle diameter was about 12 µm. The ζ potential ranged from −25 to −35 mV in the pH range 5–12, and the isoelectric point (IEP) was at pH 2. The best treatment results obtained with the use of. 10 g FeCl₃∙6H₂O/dm³ shifted particle size distribution towards finer particles (median diameter: 8 and 6 µm, respectively, before and after ultrasound). The ζ potential decreased by about 5–10 mV in the pH range 2.5–12 without changing IEP. An amount of 20 g/dm³ of FeCl₃∙6H₂O caused the disappearance of the finest and largest fraction. d50 was about 21.5 µm (17.3 µm after ultrasound). An amount of 20 g/dm³ of FeCl₃∙6H₂O generated a positive high electrokinetic potential in the range of pH 1.8–5. The IEP appeared at pH 8, and after reaching about −5 mV it again became positive at pH about 11.

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Perazzolo, Francesca, Gabriele Mattachini, Fulvia Tambone, Aldo Calcante und Giorgio Provolo. „Nutrient losses from cattle co-digestate slurry during storage“. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, Nr. 2 (10.06.2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.500.

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Among environmental issues related to intensive livestock activity, emissions to air from manure management are of increasing concern. Thus the knowledge of the effect of treatment application on subsequent emissions from manure is required to assess the environment impact of management solutions. This work addresses the effect of anaerobic digestion and phase separation on emissions during storage by studying nitrogen losses from lab-scale stores and field pilot-scale stores of a co-digestate cattle slurry and its respective separated fractions. Lab-scale experiment was carried in temperature-controlled room where each fraction (untreated, separated liquid and separated solid) was stored in duplicate for a period of 32 days in 30 L vessel. Pilot-scale experiment was carried out both during the cold season and during warm season for 90 days of storage. In both experimentations samples of the manure were analysed periodically for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen, dry matter and volatile solids and pH. These analyses allow estimating nitrogen losses in different storage conditions. Effects of mechanical separation and season were assessed by ANOVA (Wilcoxon test, P<0.05). In temperature controlled conditions nitrogen losses measured account for 13% and 26% of TKN for unseparated and separated slurries respectively. In field conditions during cold season nutrient losses were limited. On average unseparated and separated slurries lost respectively 6.8% and 12.6% of their initial TKN content. Much higher were the TKN losses from the slurries examined in warm season where losses raised up to 40% of the initial TKN content. Generally mechanical separation increases nutrient losses, but the differences were not significant in field conditions. The results highlighted that nutrient losses, in particular the nitrogen ones, can be considerable especially during summer storage. The latter, in case of separated slurries, are mainly related to the liquid fraction, which is responsible for up 92% of the losses. When phase separation after anaerobic digestion is used, mitigation options, as covers or slurry acidification, are advisable in order to limit the negative environmental impact.

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Maucieri, Carmelo, Anna Mietto, Antonio C. Barbera und Maurizio Borin. „Treatment performance and greenhouse gas emission of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland system treating digestate liquid fraction“. Ecological Engineering 94 (September 2016): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.05.062.

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Xin-rong, PAN, CHEN Lei, YU Heng und ZUO Jian-e. „Study of Occurrence Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pig manure during Anaerobic Digestion and Digestate Fertilization“. E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301130.

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Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) existing in livestock and poultry manure have the risk to spread and proliferate. This might endanger people’s health. The common treatment of livestock and poultry manure is anaerobic digestion. But the change of ARGs during anaerobic digestion require further study, and the effect of digestate fertilization to the antibiotic resistance of cropland soil is still unclear. This study investigated the pig manure, biogas liquid, biogas residue, and cropland soils fertilized with and without digestate. The results showed that, the relative abundance of ARGs in biogas residue was much higher than other samples. The average relative abundance was 1.46×10-1 copy ratio (copy of ARG/copy of 16S rRNA gene), and the total relative abundance was 3.07 copy ratio. There were 21 ARGs detected in the 5 samples. 11 of them were shared by the 5 samples. The main ARGs were aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and multidrug. Aminoglycoside had the highest relative abundance, and the total relative abundance in all samples was 1.18 copy ratio. Anaerobic digestion increased the total relative abundance of ARGs in pig manure from 1.14×10-1 to 1.70×10-1 copy ratio. Fertilization of digestate increased the total relative abundance of AGRs in soil from 3.27×10-1 to 7.29×10-1 copy ratio.

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Gaj, Renata, Anna Budka, Jacek Antonkiewicz, Krzysztof Bąk und Paulina Izychard. „Effect of long-term slurry application on contents of available forms of soil macronutrients“. Soil Science Annual 69, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0020.

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Abstract The objective of the study was to assess the effects of long-term application of liquid manure from pig production and digestate from manure fermentation installation for biogas production on chemical changes in the soil, i.e.: soil reaction, accumulation of available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil arable layer, as well as the phosphorus balance. The assessment was carried out in two highly productive farms specialising in pig production, located in the Zachodniopomorskie Province. The soils under the study were treated with slurry and digestate annually for subsequent 12 years. The assessment of changes in nutrient content and accumulation was performed twice: after 10 and 12 years of fertiliser treatments. The rate of changes in soil reaction due to slurry and digestate application varied depending on the analysed field. Irrespective of the analysed field, 12-year application of slurry caused a drop in soil pH by an average of half a unit. The direction of changes in the content of available nutrient forms in the soil varied depending on the element evaluated. Notwithstanding the analysed field and the type of slurry used, a decrease in the content of available forms of potassium in the soil was observed. Slurry fertilisation did not affect magnesium contents in the soil. In the study period, the content of magnesium remained unchanged. Among the evaluated nutrients, an increased nutrient content in the soil was only found in the case of phosphorus – as a result of application of liquid manure in combination with mineral fertilisation. In the analysed farms, in the case of fields fertilised with slurry and digestate, the phosphorus balance was positive, and ranged from 15 to 40 kg P·ha−1. The obtained values of the phosphorous balance strongly suggest that regardless of the type of liquid manure used on the farm, measures should be taken to introduce changes in the scope of fertilisation plans, with particular emphasis on the principles of balanced fertilisation.

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Eberlein, Caroline, Abdolhossein Edalati, Ruihong Zhang und Andreas Westphal. „A rapid bioassay for measuring nematode suppressive potential of anaerobic digestate“. Nematology 22, Nr. 8 (08.09.2020): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003348.

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Summary Anaerobic digestate is a byproduct of anaerobic digestion of organic materials for biogas production. Land application of digestates may provide plant nutrition and suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes. The characteristics of digestates may vary by organic substrates and digestion conditions. To measure nematode-suppressive potential, the rigour and simplicity of a radish bioassay with Heterodera schachtii was expanded. In a three-factor factorial design, three incubation environments, two growth containers and two nematode life stages as inoculum were tested. Containers with 50 g of dry sandy loam soil were inoculated with 500 second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. schachtii or with cysts with equivalent hatchable J2. One seed of radish Raphanus sativus ‘Cherry Belle’ was planted into each container, and 1 ml of drench treatment was applied. After 64 degree days (4-5 days), roots were washed and stained with acid fuchsin for nematode counting. In three experiments, food waste digestate permeate suppressed nematode root penetration in the growth chamber, glasshouse and laboratory, in cups and tubes, and following inoculation with cysts and J2. However, root penetration by J2 was more greatly reduced after cyst inoculation than after J2 inoculation. Investigations in preserving nematode cysts showed that J2 within cysts remained viable after incubation in sandy loam soil at 23°C in sealed tubes in the laboratory for 35 days. Results of the radish assay predicted nematode-suppressive potential against Pratylenchus vulnus on peach rootstock ‘Nemaguard’ in a glasshouse experiment. In summary, a straightforward rapid bioassay for measuring nematode suppressiveness of organic liquids was developed for routine use.

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Maucieri, Carmelo, und Maurizio Borin. „CO2 Emissions and Maize Biomass Production Using Digestate Liquid Fraction in Two Soil Texture Types“. Transactions of the ASABE 60, Nr. 4 (2017): 1325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12159.

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Abstract. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil texture and primary tillage type on soil CO2 emission and maize biomass production after digestate liquid fraction (DLF) spreading. The study was conducted in 2014 in two open fields at Terrasa Padovana (farm 1) and Bovolenta (farm 2) in the Veneto Region of Italy. Soil CO2 emission after digestate spreading was evaluated by comparing the effect of soil texture (sandy loam vs. clay loam) at farm 1 and the effect of long-term primary tillage management (>10 years) (ripping vs. plowing) in clay loam soil at farm 2. Unamended soil was considered the control at both farms. DLF was supplied before maize ( L.) sowing at a dose equal to 170 kg total nitrogen ha-1 using a splash-plate technique. DLF spreading determined a CO2 emission peak 1 h after spreading at both farms, with median emission values of 8.93 and 4.35 g m-2 h-1, respectively, from the sandy loam and clay loam soils at farm 1. At farm 2, primary tillage type did not exert a significant effect on CO2 emission peak, with a median value of 5.85 g m-2 h-1. About three days after DLF distribution, soil CO2 fluxes were less than 1 g m-2 h-1. The first soil harrowing and the first rainfall event after spreading determined significantly higher CO2 emissions from amended plots than from unamended plots for a few hours. At farm 1, soil CO2 emission during the maize growing season was significantly higher in the amended plots (+1.7 times) than in the unamended plots, which showed a median emission value of 0.29 g m-2 h-1; soil texture and tillage exerted no significant influence. Maize yield at dough stage was not significantly influenced by DLF at farm 1, with 22.7 ±1.6 Mg ha-1 and 18.7 ±2.8 Mg ha-1 in the clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. At farm 2, the distribution of DLF increased maize biomass production by +17% with respect to the unamended treatment that produced 18.0 ±2.4 Mg ha-1. Although the results reported in this article concern data from only one year, and further long-term experiments are needed to confirm our findings, they indicate that CO2 emissions after digestate distribution are lower in a clay loam soil than in a sandy loam soil and are not affected by primary tillage type. Keywords: Clay loam soil, Digestate splash-plate spreading, Plowing, Ripping, Sandy loam soil.

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Feng, Siran, Fen Liu, Shunni Zhu, Pingzhong Feng, Zhongming Wang, Zhenhong Yuan, Changhua Shang und Huanjun Chen. „Performance of a microalgal-bacterial consortium system for the treatment of dairy-derived liquid digestate and biomass production“. Bioresource Technology 306 (Juni 2020): 123101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123101.

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Soppelsa, Sebastian, Luisa Maria Manici, Francesco Caputo, Massimo Zago und Markus Kelderer. „Locally Available Organic Waste for Counteracting Strawberry Decline in a Mountain Specialized Cropping Area“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 7 (02.04.2021): 3964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073964.

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Crop decline caused by soil borne fungal pathogens affects specialized cropping systems such as fruit trees and strawberry. A study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of pre-plant application of waste-derived biomasses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) to reduce that phenomenon. A field experiment was carried out in an alpine strawberry specialized valley in South Tyrol (Italy), in a long term cultivated field selected for yield reduction over recent years. In July 2018, one month before strawberry transplanting, a field experiment with four soil treatments was set up: anaerobic digestate (solid fraction) of liquid manure, compost from anaerobic digestate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), untreated control and Dazomet as chemical control. Plants were grown for two cycles (2019 and 2020). Dazomet always gave a significant (over 50%) increase in marketable yield per plant in both the years, anaerobic digestates did not improve strawberry production; compost from OFMSW gave phytotoxic effects in the first year, but improved strawberry yield like Dazomet in the second. Changes of rhizosphere bacterial populations and difference in root pathogen abundance, especially that of Dactylonectria torresensis, were correlated to the crop response to treatments. Findings suggest that waste-derived biomasses are a promising eco-friendly option for counteracting strawberry yield decline. Their positive impact was mostly linked to functional improvements induced by microbial variations. However, the use of such organic amendment requires careful evaluation of composition, doses and above all application times to reduce phytotoxic effects that in some cases can occur in the first months after application.

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Szymańska, Magdalena, Tomasz Sosulski, Adriana Bożętka, Urszula Dawidowicz, Adam Wąs, Ewa Szara, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Piotr Sulewski, Gijs W. P. van Pruissen und René L. Cornelissen. „Evaluating the Struvite Recovered from Anaerobic Digestate in a Farm Bio-Refinery as a Slow-Release Fertiliser“. Energies 13, Nr. 20 (14.10.2020): 5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205342.

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Biogas production in agricultural biogas plants generates digestate—liquid waste containing organic matter and mineral nutrients. Utilisation of the digestate on farm fields adjacent to the biogas plants is limited. Therefore, bio-refineries implement advanced forms of digestate processing, including precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Struvite can be transported over long distances and dosed precisely to meet the nutritional needs of the plants. Divergent opinions on the fertilising value of struvite and its function over time call for further research on its effects on crop yields in the first and subsequent years after application. This study investigates the effects of struvite (STR), struvite with ammonium sulphate (STR + N), and commercial ammonium phosphate (AP) on the yields, nutrient concentration in the crops, nutrient uptake by the crops, and soil N, P, and Mg content in the second growing period after the application of fertilisers to silty loam (SL) and loamy sand (LS) soils under grass cultivation. Struvite was recovered from the liquid fraction of digestate obtained from a bio-refinery on the De Marke farm (Netherlands). The soils investigated in the pot experiment originated from Obory (SL) and Skierniewice (LS) (Central Poland). The results obtained over the first growing period following fertilisation were published earlier. In our prior work, we showed that the majority of the struvite phosphorus remains in the soil. We hypothesised that, in the second year, the yield potential of the struvite might be higher than that of commercial P fertiliser. Currently, we have demonstrated that, in the second growing period following the application, struvite causes an increase in grass yield, nutrient uptake by the crops, and P and Mg content in the soil. On SL and LS soils, the yields of the four grass harvests from the STR and STR + N treatments were higher than those from AP by approximately 8% and 16.5%, respectively. Our results confirm that struvite is more effective as a fertiliser compared to commercial ammonium phosphate. Struvite can be, therefore, recommended for fertilising grasslands at higher doses once every two years.

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Szymańska, Magdalena, Tomasz Sosulski, Ewa Szara, Adam Wąs, Piotr Sulewski, Gijs W. P. van Pruissen und René L. Cornelissen. „Ammonium Sulphate from a Bio-Refinery System as a Fertilizer—Agronomic and Economic Effectiveness on the Farm Scale“. Energies 12, Nr. 24 (11.12.2019): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244721.

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This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the agronomic and economic effectiveness of ammonium sulphate from an agro bio-refinery (Bio-AS). The Bio-AS was obtained by means of the ammonia stripping process from effluent after struvite precipitation from a liquid fraction of digestate. The agronomic effectiveness of Bio-AS in a pot experiment with maize and grass in two different soils, silty loam (SL) and loamy sand (LS), was investigated. The fertilising effect of Bio-AS was compared to commercial ammonium sulphate fertilizer (Com-AS) and control treatment (without fertilisation). The crop yields were found to depend on both soil type and nitrogen treatment. Crop yields produced under Bio-AS and Com-AS exceeded those under control treatments, respectively for SL and LS soils, by 88% and 125% for maize and 73% and 94% for grass. Crop yields under Bio-AS were similar to those under the Com-AS treatment. The fertilizer use of Bio-AS affected the chemical composition of plants and soil properties similarly as Com-AS. This suggests that Bio-AS from a bio-refinery can replace industrial ammonium sulphate, resulting in both economic and environmental benefits.

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Vasmara, Ciro, Stefano Cianchetta, Rosa Marchetti, Enrico Ceotto und Stefania Galletti. „Potassium Hydroxyde Pre-Treatment Enhances Methane Yield from Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.)“. Energies 14, Nr. 3 (26.01.2021): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030630.

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The biogas production through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) biomass has received increasing attention. However, due to the presence of lignin, a low CH4 yield can be obtained. Aiming to improve the CH4 yield from giant reed biomass, the effectiveness of a thermo-chemical pre-treatment based on KOH was evaluated in this paper. The usefulness of a washing step before the AD was also assessed. The pre-treatment led to a specific CH4 yield up to 232 mL CH4 g−1 VS which was 21% higher than that from untreated biomass; the maximum daily rate of production was improved by 42%, AD duration was reduced by 10%, and CH4 concentration in the biogas was increased by 23%. On the contrary, the washing step did not improve the AD process. Besides, washing away the liquid fraction led to biomass losses, reducing the overall CH4 production. The use of a KOH-based pre-treatment appears as a good option for enhancing the AD of giant reed, also presenting potential environmental and agronomical benefits, like the avoidance of salty wastewater production and the likely improvement of the digestate quality, due to its enriched K content.

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Bergonzoli, Simone, Massimo Brambilla, Elio Romano, Sergio Saia, Paola Cetera, Maurizio Cutini, Pietro Toscano, Carlo Bisaglia und Luigi Pari. „Feeding Emitters for Microirrigation with a Digestate Liquid Fraction up to 25% Dilution Did Not Reduce Their Performance“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 8 (06.08.2020): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081150.

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Irrigation with wastewater can strongly contribute to the reduction of water abstraction in agriculture with an especial interest in arid and semiarid areas. However, its use can have drawbacks to both soil and micro-irrigation systems, especially when the total solids in the wastewater are high, such as in digestate liquid fractions (DLF) from plant material. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the performances of a serpentine shaped micro-emitter injected with a hydrocyclone filtered DLF (HF-DLF) from corn + barley biomass and evaluate the traits of the liquid released within a 8-h irrigation cycle. HF-DLF was injected at 10%, 25%, and 50% dilution compared to tap water (at pH = 7.84) and the system performances were measured. No clogging was found, which likely depended on both the shape of the emitter and the high-pressure head (200 kPa). HF-DLF dilution at 10%, 25%, and 50% consisted in +1.9%, +3.5, and −4.9% amount of liquid released compared to the control. Fluid temperature during irrigation (from 9:00 to 17:00) did not explain the difference in the released amounts of liquid. In 10% HF-DLF % and 25% HF-DLF, a pH difference of + 0.321 ± 0.014 pH units compared to the control was found, and such difference was constant for both dilutions and at increasing the time. In contrast, 50% HF-DLF increased pH by around a half point and such difference increased with time. Similar differences among treatments were found for the total solids in the liquid. These results indicate that 50% HF-DLF was accumulating materials in the serpentine. These results suggest that a low diluted HF-DLF could directly be injected in irrigation systems with few drawbacks for the irrigation system and contribute to water conservation since such wastewater are available from the late spring to the early fall, when water requirements are high.

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Al Ramahi, Mahmood, Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó und Sándor Beszédes. „Coupling hydrothermal carbonization with anaerobic digestion: an evaluation based on energy recovery and hydrochar utilization“. Biofuel Research Journal 8, Nr. 3 (01.09.2021): 1444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2021.8.3.4.

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This work evaluates the effect of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a pretreatment and post-treatment technique to anaerobic digestion (AD) of dairy sludge. HTC's effect on AD was evaluated based on energy recovery, nutrient transformation, and hydrochar utilization. The first approach was executed by performing HTC under a range of temperatures before mesophilic AD. HTC optimal pretreatment temperature was 210 °C for 30 min residence time. HTC pretreatment significantly increased the methane yield potential by 192%, the chemical oxygen demand removal by 18%, and the sludge biodegradability during AD by 30%. On the other hand, the application of HTC after AD (post-treatment) increased the total energy production, i.e., in addition to methane, a hydrochar with a caloric value of 10.2 MJ/kg was also obtained. Moreover, HTC post-treatment improved the steam gasification performance of the AD digestate. From the fertilizer quality point of view, HTC implementation generally boosted the concentrations of macro, micro, and secondary nutrients, suggesting its suitability for use as a liquid fertilizer. Overall, the findings of the present study indicate that if bioenergy production were the main target, HTC post-treatment following AD would lead to the most promising outcomes.

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Qin, Lei, Dong Wei, Zhongming Wang und Mohammad Asraful Alam. „Advantage Assessment of Mixed Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Yarrowia lipolytica for Treatment of Liquid Digestate of Yeast Industry and Cogeneration of Biofuel Feedstock“. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 187, Nr. 3 (08.08.2018): 856–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2854-8.

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Luo, Hongzhen, Ana A. Robles-Aguilar, Ivona Sigurnjak, Evi Michels und Erik Meers. „Assessing Nitrogen Availability in Biobased Fertilizers: Effect of Vegetation on Mineralization Patterns“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 9 (10.09.2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090870.

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Biobased nitrogen (N) fertilizers derived from animal manure can substitute synthetic mineral N fertilizer and contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Practitioners need to obtain a reliable estimation of the biobased fertilizers’ N value. This study compared the estimates for pig slurry (PS) and liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) using laboratory incubation and plant-growing experiments. A no-N treatment was used as control and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as synthetic mineral fertilizer. After 100 days of incubation, the addition of PS and LFD resulted in a net N mineralization rate of 10.6 ± 0.3% and 20.6 ± 0.4% of the total applied N, respectively. The addition of CAN showed no significant net mineralization or immobilization (net N release 96 ± 6%). In the pot experiment under vegetation, all fertilized treatments caused N immobilization with a negative net N mineralization rate of −51 ± 11%, −9 ± 4%, and −27 ± 10% of the total applied N in CAN, PS, and LFD treatments, respectively. Compared to the pot experiment, the laboratory incubation without vegetation may have overestimated the N value of biobased fertilizers. Vegetation resulted in a lower estimation of available N from fertilizers, probably due to intensified competition with soil microbes or increased N loss via denitrification.

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Folino, Adele, Demetrio Antonio Zema und Paolo S. Calabrò. „Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Swine Wastewater Treatments Using Ammonia Stripping and Anaerobic Digestion: A Short Review“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 12 (18.06.2020): 4971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124971.

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One of the most promising systems to treat swine wastewater is air stripping. This system simultaneously recovers nitrogen salts, to be used as fertiliser, and reduces the organic pollutant load in the effluents of swine breeding farms. Several reviews have discussed the air stripping as a treatment for many types of industrial wastewater or nitrogen-rich digestate (the liquid effluent derived from the anaerobic digestion plants) for the stripping/recovery of nutrients. However, reviews about the use of air stripping as treatment for raw or anaerobically digested swine wastewater are not available in literature. To fill this gap, this study: (i) Summarises the experiences of air stripping for recovery of ammonium salts from both raw and digested swine wastewater; and (ii) compares air stripping efficiency under different operational conditions. Moreover, combined systems including air stripping (such as struvite crystallisation, chemical precipitation, microwave radiation) have been compared. These comparisons have shown that air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater fits well the concept of bio-refinery, because this system allows the sustainable management of the piggery effluent by extracting value-added compounds, by-products, and/or energy from wastewater. On the other hand, air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater has not been extensively studied and more investigations should be carried out.

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