Dissertationen zum Thema „Travail des frontières“
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Rémy, Catherine. „Mise à mort des animaux, travail des hommes : une ethnographie aux frontières de l'humain“. Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is about the evolution of the frontier between man and animals. The frontier here is perceived as the carrying out of an act which is particularly visible in situations where the subject of the killing of animals is an every day reality. Three situations of work have been observed : a slaughterhouse, a veterinary clinic and a laboratory of physiology. In each situation the killing of animals is carried out in a specific way. However, the research reveals that in the three situations there are common points : the importance of the implicit aspects in the organization of work, the delegation of violence to a few individuals and their interaction with the animals. In conclusion, we can affirm that the frontier has indeed evolved in the sense of a larger acceptance of the similarities, but animals cannot be categorized in such a way as to completely eradicate significant differences
Brand, Magdalena. „"Boxer Bangui" : les femmes libres aux frontières des politiques sexuelles de l'expatriation française en Centrafrique“. Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080102/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring my fieldwork, I lived in the LATIN QUARTERS in Bangui (Central African Republic), named SOWETO, where women are head of household. Other people call them « FREE WOMEN, BECAUSE THEY USE THEIR FREEDOM SO MUCH, IT BECOMES PEJORATIVE ». To earn their living, they work every night in the recreational areas of French expatriates, bars, restaurants and downtown nightclubs, as domestic workers, waitresses, prostitutes and cooks. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze power relations that structure sexual-economic exchanges between French expatriate men and Central-African women in Bangui. The research will lead to analyze sexual and domestic work of Central-African women as the heart of the construction of the French expatriate community, and of the existence of a class of women who, between constraints and search for autonomy, negotiate the value of their lives in the city.« If people say that you are a whore, you hear them but you shut your ears, because inside you, you know why you do it: for the future. It’s a job. You do it for what you have decided to be in your heart »
Azambuja, Ricardo. „Cadres intermédiaires et frontières dans l'organisation : enjeux de collaboration, d'expérience du travail, et de réalités organisationnelles“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESEC0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation investigates middle-managers’ work, experience of work, and construction of organizational reality. It draws its empirical material upon a seven month multi-site ethnographic fieldwork within a medium-sized Brazilian auditing and consulting firm. The core of this dissertation is constituted of three independent papers. The first of these papers sets out a conceptualization of the emergence and nature of middle-managers’ boundary work as a means of fostering collaborative work among distinct, and often divergent, organizational actors. Boundary work consists of the transference of knowledge, the translation of understandings, and the transformation of interests that are mismatched across organizational groups. A conceptual framework composed of eight structural conditions, seven types of middle-managerial boundary work and nine structural consequences is advanced and mobilized, illustrating its theoretical and practical implications for understanding middle-managers’ work of fostering cross-functional collaboration. The second paper of this dissertation studies the subjective experience of middle-managers while performing such a boundary work of interfacing different organizational groups. This is done by building upon the concept of ‘boundary subjects’ proposed by Huzzard et al. (2010), which encapsulates such work responsibilities, and by demonstrating the ambivalent repercussions of the in-betweenness of middle-managers’ work in their subjective experience of performing this work. The third paper focus on the most important of BAMA’s branches to study how the middle-managers from this branch deviate from headquarters directives. The Baudrillardian (1983) concept of the simulacrum is drawn upon to structure the demonstration of three distinct simulated practices engaged in at the branch, each pertaining to an order defined by an increasingly distance from the corresponding headquarters practices. This paper highlights middle-managers’ roles and purposes in creating and maintaining simulated practices, and posits that the simultaneous management of alternative ‘realities’ may provide a way for middle-managers to expand their power, in both symbolic and material terms
Dromard, Benjamin. „Esclaves, dépendants, deportés : les frontières de l'esclavage en Babylonie au premier millénaire avant J.-C“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H071/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral modes of production exist in first millennium BCE Babylonia (modem Iraq): wage-labour, slavery, different forms of dependency. My thesis is mainly focused on the study of the status and the activities of slaves and temple dependants, with the addition of Judean and West Semite deportees, forced by the neo-Babylonian to live and work in Mesopotamia after the conquest of Syria-Palestine. These three social groups have been analysed as different forms of slavery in the historiography. My aim is for a precise study of their economic activities, their part in several economic sectors (agriculture, trade, craftsmanship, building) in rural and urban context. I try to put this in contrast with the available legal documentation. Therefore, I try to show the theoretical boundaries of the statuses of slaves, dependants and deportees and how their legal analysis isn't sufficient. My dissertation aims for revealing the hierarchies present inside those three groups of labourers and the social dynamics at play. The making of a class of intermediary workers (slave agents, dependants having an administrative position, deportees investing capital ... ) is an important historical fact needing an analysis. Are there possibilities for social mobility and emancipation in their favour in first millennium BCE Babylonia? Answering this is one objective of my study, grounded in the perspective of an history of labour
Lahrizi, Imane-Zineb. „Au-delà des frontières : stratégies identitaires et choix de carrière des jeunes issus de l'immigration“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study was to understand the articulation between double culture and identity on immigrant children’s vocational project. Literature concerning these three concepts is rich and there is a great amount of researches on immigrant children. Identity is considered here in a dynamic perspective, and studied in accordance with identity strategies. The vocational project reflects the interests of a person, but refers at the same time to other elements, such as identity, context and culture. The content analysis of nine semi-structured interviews with immigrant children led to an identification and the understanding of the complexity of career choices when considering their double cultural and identity development. Results show, among others, that identity changes and is influenced by participants’ various contexts. Also, career choices are made according to family expectations, parents’ project of immigration and participants’ career aspirations. Keywords: Immigrant children's identity construction, career choices, cultural affiliation.
Elguezabal, Eleonora. „La production des frontières urbaines : les mondes sociaux des "copropriétés fermées" à Buenos Aires“. Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThat does it mean for a neighbourhood or a building to be "gated"? My doctoral thesis assesses the notion of "residential enclaves", usually used to evaluate the so-called "gated residential developments" as devices of upper class self-segregation, according to dual city theories. Instead of doing a macro-sociological and typological study, my doctoral thesis studies the processes whereby social and symbolic boundaries at the newly "gated residential developments" in Buenos Aires (the torres and complejos) are created and maintained, when found to be present at all. This approach entails two main differences with other studies already done about these kinds of places. On the one hand, I did not restrict my research only to those "gated residential developments" that easily fit under the study of "enclaves". I also took into consideration more controversial cases. This approach allowed me to highlight how dynamic is the creation of social boundaries through space and to show the conflicts of legitimacy that are involved in those boundaries. On the other hand, I included in my research some people that take part in the everyday life of these new developments but that usually are not taken into account-particularly the employees. By taking into account their presence in these "gated residential developments", my research shows the socially constructed nature of the image of these places as socially homogeneous "enclaves". My doctoral thesis shows the presence of heterogeneous social worlds in the "gated" space and the ways they are linked to each other in order to produce the boundaries making a "gated residential development" a reality
El, Wafi Wafa. „Perméabilité des frontières vies « personnelle et professionnelle » et usage des TIC : modèles d’articulation“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0317/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral studies has shown that the increased use of information and communications technology (ICT) in professional and personal life has largely contributed to the blurring of the boundaries between these two spheres. The resultant permeability reflects the degree to which the individual can be psychologically and / or behaviorally engaged in one area, but physically and temporally present in another. Our goal is to identify the determinants of porous personal and professional borders and the different models of articulation between these two areas of life, based on the use of information and communications technology. We used a mixed, qualitative and quantitative methodology. The results of the first study made by a questionnaire survey on 241 people confirm, firstly, that personal boundaries are more permeable and that they depend on several organizational variables and work characteristics, secondly, that the permeability of professional boundaries depends only on work flexibility. Four articulation models were identified: segmentation, spillover, integration and hybridization.The second study conducted according to the scenario method, set the articulation patterns in a dynamic and evolutionary perspective. Individuals change the ways of managing their life boundaries, depending on their age, the changes in their family and work situation and the organizational climate. All the results are discussed from a theoretical, methodological and practical point of view
Carol, Nathalie. „Le rôle des managers de proximité dans la fabrique du sens stratégique à l’Office National des Forêts : les effets des frontières sur le travail d’influence des pratiques de martelage“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo support the growth of a promising sector and improve its financial situation, the National Forestry Office (ONF) adopted a new roadmap for the period 2016-2020, focusing primarily on increasing wood supply. However, this strategic focus, which is based on sustainable production, comes up against a patrimonial vision of forest management inherited from a multi-century-old administration, the Eaux et Forêts (Water and Forests). The weight of tradition may explain an intensity of harvesting that remains below the estimated productivity of ecosystems and the objectives set out in previous roadmaps. This calls for an examination of the ONF's capacity to adapt to meet the demands of a changing environment. In a practical approach to strategy, hammering practices can be a possible entry point for explaining and understanding how the ONF's wood supply strategy is formed and implemented in the field. Hammering consists of marking with hammer hits or traces of paint the trees that will be cut by logging workers. This technical act directly influences the volumes of wood put on the market. Hammering is carried out by relatively autonomous professionals who work under the responsibility of middle managers. Middle managers are considered as key actors of change. Based on the sensemaking theory, I show how middle managers can seek through interactions to influence the meaning behind hammering practices. However, these interactions are conditioned by the symbolic, social, physical and temporal boundaries that structure the practices. These boundaries are not fixed but may potentially evolve in the daily actions and interactions. This movement can be driven by middle managers and understood through the concept of boundary work. The influential work of middle managers consists then in working on the boundaries to influence practices towards increased wood supply. This leads to examine a potential change at the ONF through two questions: what are the effects of boundaries on the work of influencing practices of hammering? How do middle managers work on boundaries to influence practices?To answer these questions, an ethnographic case study was conducted in the Great East region. The data collected over nearly two years show that the boundaries that structure hammering practices strongly constrain the interactions needed to influence practices. These boundary effects have led the middle managers to create “free spaces” that provide more favourable conditions to interact and to influence the practices towards increased wood supply. Three main theoretical contributions arise from this study. First, taking boundaries into account in the influential work of middle managers allows us to shed light on the conditions of sensegiving, which Maitlis and Lawrence (2007) have long been calling for. The results obtained then make it possible to enrich the concept of ecology of spaces. Spaces of freedom are used to inform and influence the "front stage" spaces in which practices are carried out or in which boundaries are defined. Finally, this study invites a discussion on two aspects of the theory of sensemaking, that of resources and that of temporality.The results of this study lead to managerial recommendations aimed at increasing the influence of middle managers and promoting wood supply. These recommendations consist of several measures such as redynamizing work exchanges by opening spaces of discussion and using technical language to influence hammering practices
Bussi, Chloé. „Aux frontières du social et du sanitaire : Approche ethnographique de la prise en charge de la santé des sans-abri en centres d'hébergement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis inductive research project, carried out in various homeless shelters, is based on the premise that health-related factors occupy a central position in these spaces which traditionally revolve around social work. By monographing an association in north-western France that runs one of the country’s oldest night shelters, the thesis examines the redefining of the boundaries between social and healthcare. In the space of a century, the homeless person has gone from being an individual whom society sought to distance itself from to a person who must be helped. Little is known, however, about how social workers, historically engaged to take care of these people, have addressed the reevaluation of this social issue. This ethnography, conducted from an insider’s perspective as a former specialised educator, takes a “bottom-up” look at the sanitary redefinition – conceptualized as a sanitarization process – of care for the homeless, questioning the conditions under which the realm of healthcare came to impose itself so prominently and what this implies for professionals and the sheltered alike.Qualifying the idea of a turning point in the care of homeless people’s health, this sociohistorical study first highlights the extent to which care to sheltered people’s health ailments has structured this association’s history, marked as it is, however, by relentless caution to resist any form of medical control. The research then examines the materiality of this consideration of care. Who is actually performing the care giving for the homeless? The study of professional trajectories and practices suggests reflecting on the importance of an intersectional perspective in the analysis of the sanitarization process, insofar as the care provided to the homeless is part of a gendered division of care work. The thesis then turns to the ethnography of concrete situations of assistance for homeless person. By analyzing the effects of this health bias in their care, the study proposes a reflection on the rectification and production of social inequalities in health, to which these individuals are overexposed. Based on the case of shelters and their less visible, but nonetheless central, players in the care of the homeless, this research lies at the juncture of a sociology of health and social work to question, more broadly, the contemporary issues at stake in recompositing the social State
Guille-Escuret, Paul. „Les critiques de la déraison pure : sociologie des défenses citoyennes de la vaccination et de la science“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeriodically brought to the forefront by new controversies, the anti-vax figure has emerged over the past few decades as a prominent symbol of the problematic relationship that populations have with technology and science. Without seeking to legitimize them, numerous studies focused on refusals and hesitancy have highlighted the stigmatizing or counterproductive nature of a label that is indiscriminately applied to all critical attitudes. However, the role played in this process of social labeling by citizens mobilized in favor of vaccination has been largely overlooked. Due to the increasing engagement of activists aligned with various pro-Science currents, the fight against anti-vaccine activists has, in recent years, significantly transformed, particularly within digital arenas. This study aims to contextualize the significance of these moral crusades for those who invest in them and to analyze the effects of these mobilizations on the broader construction of a public issue surrounding the defense of science.To achieve this, this thesis employs a mixed-methods approach. The data comprises both in-person and online ethnographies of communities advocating for vaccination and, more broadly, for the defense of science in the public sphere. It also includes in-depth qualitative interviews with activists (n=36) and network analyses based on data collected from the internet (websites and Twitter).This thesis shows that the main collectives specializing in vaccination advocacy differentiate themselves online from currents identifying as "rationalists", in which vaccines are seen as one object among many. Navigating between vaccine and science advocacy, this work seeks to situate these mobilizations within a network whose coalitions and fractures elucidate both the expansion of online activism practices and the heterogeneity of the social dynamics underlying these commitments. The diversity of trajectories can be partly attributed to the rise of social media, which lowers the barriers to enter into such controversies and facilitates the involvement of individuals not strictly associated with medical, scientific, or public health campaigns. Consequently, alongside researchers and physicians, self-taught individuals, converts, and engineers frequently find themselves positioned to negotiate the boundaries of science, selectively including or excluding certain actors or objects. Because their own interests influence their rhetoric, it is argued here that these activists contribute to the transformation of public uses of scientific authority. Often heralding an unprecedented crisis in the legitimacy of science, their interventions paradoxically polarize debates and bind science to its technological applications. Ultimately, the discourses of citizen defenders of vaccination and science emerge as hybrid cultural products constructed at the intersection of several forms of identity work, varied professional ethos, and a ballistics specific to the exchange of arguments on social networks
Maillard-Adamiak, Bénédicte. „Chômage structurel et difficultés d'appariement : Analyse théorique et application à la France“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the nineties, the French labour market combines high levels of vacancies with high levels of unemployment. This worrying fact is the starting point of this thesis running two aims: checking that high levels of vacancies and high levels of unemployment are the consequences of a declining matching efficiency of the French labour market, and showing that this declining matching efficiency is the result of a structural mismatch between labour supply and demand. We therefore estimate (on monthly regional data, covering the period 1990:3 to 1995:2) a matching function by the method of the stochastic frontiers, method usually applied to measure the degree of efficiency of production units. Then, breaking with the practice of the standard indicators of structural unemployment, we estimate (on annual data, covering the period 1968 to 2000) an employment function enclosing an implicit Beveridge curve. We derived four main results. First, the average matching efficiency decreased clearly in the early nineties. Second, as one would expect, the regional matching efficiencies were negatively correlated to the regional unemployment rates. Third, skill mismatch played an important role in the declining matching efficiency. Fourth, the role played by regional mismatch was less significant
Lopez, Luis Ernesto. „En quête d'identité : mondialisation, figures de la féminité et conflits sociaux à la frontière Mexique-Etats-Unis“. Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn regard to the effects of the present expansion of global capitalism, the U. S. - Mexico border has become one of the most important industrial zones in the world. By focusing on the experiences of women workers and on the forms of transnational social protest these women are involved with, this research analyses the socio-cultural consequences of the maquiladora industry. Exploring these dynamics through the concept of social experience -i. E. Individual reflexivity- I designate the capabilities of women workers to gain autonomy both from the dominating logics of global capitalism and of local patriarchy. The border is a social mirror reflecting the future of Mexico and a laboratory for the U. S. -Mexico relationships. It could be used as an example of transborder collaboration and of mutual understanding between both countries. Also it could be a wasteland of degradated environment, social violence, drugs, and mutual incomprehension. Finally, it could be a symbol of the negative effects of trade integration, institutional weakness, injustice and social deprivation. It was my intend to demonstrate how this could be also the place of a new social participation against the violence of globalization
Maillard-Adamiak, Bénédicte. „Chômage structurel et difficultés d'appariement : Analyse théorique et application à la France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the nineties, the French labour market combines high levels of vacancies with high levels of unemployment. This worrying fact is the starting point of this thesis running two aims: checking that high levels of vacancies and high levels of unemployment are the consequences of a declining matching efficiency of the French labour market, and showing that this declining matching efficiency is the result of a structural mismatch between labour supply and demand. We therefore estimate (on monthly regional data, covering the period 1990:3 to 1995:2) a matching function by the method of the stochastic frontiers, method usually applied to measure the degree of efficiency of production units. Then, breaking with the practice of the standard indicators of structural unemployment, we estimate (on annual data, covering the period 1968 to 2000) an employment function enclosing an implicit Beveridge curve. We derived four main results. First, the average matching efficiency decreased clearly in the early nineties. Second, as one would expect, the regional matching efficiencies were negatively correlated to the regional unemployment rates. Third, skill mismatch played an important role in the declining matching efficiency. Fourth, the role played by regional mismatch was less significant
Gogneau-Côte, Nathalie. „Le critère du contrat de travail : recherche sur la frontière entre le salariat et activité indépendante“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur legal system relies upon a binary classification of workers. An individual's professional source of income can only be either salaried work or self-employment. Its being subordinated to law, which defines and outlines the employment contract, is what delineates the field of salaried work. For over a century, it has been obvious that the issue of what defined an employment contract as such was essentially conceived of in terms of where the line was to be drawn between salaried work and self-employment, aiming either at expanding the scope of salaried work or - more rarely so - at restricting its field to the advantage of self-employment. One ought to see beyond the limitations of this approach. Rather than question the employment contract as a defining criterion, one ought to point out the limits of clear-cut binary line-drawing between two classes of workers. .
Wildnerova, Lenka. „Adaptation des firmes hétérogènes aux forces de mondialisation“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReaping benefits from increasingly globalized and more accessible world is not an evident outcome for all economic actors. Heterogeneous consequences of globalization have become apparent within countries over past two decades. Disparities have expanded between regions, firms, and occupations, implying growing inequalities among people. This thesis investigates how firms, being one of the channels of globalization transmitting its impacts across countries, react, adjust, and diverge in terms of performance. The empirical investigation of micro-level data on a firm and a worker level aims to provide understanding for future public policy suggestions by giving insights into how firms respond to globalized and competitive environment, how they choose their labor force, and how the policies and shocks influence their performance on the foreign market. The objective is to give some understanding, in four chapters, on how firms react to multinational presence or presence of very productive, “frontier” firms in their vicinity, and how firms choose their employees, especially immigrant workforce when facing higher foreign demand, and lastly, to provide an evaluation of change in labor cost on export performance of the firms. While aggregated outcomes matter, looking at the behavior of an average firm is insufficient. The distribution of the firms by their characteristics is highly skewed, and respecting heterogeneity of firms can also lead to better understanding of competitiveness. Productivity and employment of small firms in services is associated with small, but statistically significant increases when more foreign firms locate in the firm’s vicinity, implying positive knowledge and technological spillovers from foreign presence. However, small manufacturing firms tend to suffer from more competition, and their productivity is associated with a decline when foreign manufacturing locates in the same region. Mainly medium-sized and large firms tend to increase productivity from cross-sector spillovers of foreign presence, which points out to the fact that more productive and established firms are more likely to benefit from possible supplier relationships or larger market. The firms closer to the technological frontier are more productive. However, experiencing a shock of entry of a new productive firm, the productivity drops for an average firm, which is in line with theoretical literature that predicts that the least productive firms leave the market and resources are then reallocated towards more productive firms. Firms also tend to make choices with respect to their workforce that will ultimately make them perform better. In particular, firms choose to hire an immigrant employee when facing a possibility to increase their exports. Both skilled and unskilled immigrants are hired, while firms do not deviate from their standard trends of hiring low-skilled native employees, and only slightly increase their population of skilled native employees. This happens mainly because immigrants can supply knowledge about foreign markets that is otherwise difficult to obtain. Lastly, increasing labor costs translates into lower export value of firms as shown using a natural policy experiment of fiscal advantages on overtime hours of firms. Yet, an opposite shock of lowering the labor cost has no significant impact on exports of large firms, while small firms are sensitive to the shock and export more.All in all, small and less productive firms are prompt to experience negative shocks from practices of globalized firms or are the least likely to benefit positively from exposure to global networks. However, firms are dynamic entities and have capacity to progress and change or improve their practices, including workforce composition. The government plays role in helping the dynamics of firms, and the policies focused on competitiveness of firms can have impact especially if the firm is of small size
Carnet, Pauline. „Passer et quitter la frontière ? : les migrants africains "clandestins" à la frontière sud espagnole“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691680.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarvalho, Maria Teresa de Melo. „Les frontières du moi : une étude du concept psychanalytique de moi dans les travaux de Paul Federn“. Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaul federn (1871 - 1950) was one of the first of freud's folowers to develop a study about the concept of ego, taking as a starting point his clinical practice with psychotic patients. Nevertheless his work remained marginal as psychoanalytic ideas developed. The present thesis shows the importance of his elaborations concerning the psychoanalytic concept of ego, their roots on the 1914 freudian theory of narcisism and their close relation to the fundamental psychoanalytic concepts. As a research pertaining to the domain of the history of psychoanalytic ideas, it attempts also to demonstrate that federn's wiork opens a new way of investigation on the ego, one whichs surmounts two major problems commonly present in post-freudian theories : its conception as an agency of adaptation as in h. Hartmann's theory and its reduction to a simplke agency of illusion and stagnation as in lacan's theory
Canot, Édouard. „Généralisation de la méthode intégrale aux frontières pour les systèmes fluide-fluide : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]“. Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarchina, Philippe. „Simulation de l'interaction sol-structure par la méthode des équations intégrales aux frontières et une loi d'interface“. Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarnica-Anguas, Paul. „Simulation numérique du frottement entre solides par équations intégrales aux frontières et modèle d'interface non linéaire : application aux pieux“. Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMuivah, Yaruipam. „Aspects of Labour Servitude in North-East India : colonialism and the Questions of Slavery and Forced Labour, c. 1870-1930“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is an attempt to write the history of servitude – slavery, dependency, and forced labour in the North-East India from the global history perspective in the forms of entanglements and connections between the early nineteenth and early twentieth century. It addresses the questions of why certain kinds of narratives on slavery became dominant in the region (being demarcated as a frontier) as a result of these connections, and at the same time using some of the less known accounts challenges these positions. It also tries to locate how labour in the form of forced labour in the region became the predominant form that was extracted and used by the colonial government in its effort to open up the region and connect it with different parts of the empire. It also goes through the debate and the process through which the colonial government resolved and normalized the relation of slavery and forced labour in the face of an emerging critics from missionaries and public back home and argues that the use of legal language was crucial to this discourse. The thesis also deals with the closely related question of how people resisted to this process of normalization and changes, and finally the question of how these normalization affected certain groups of people and tribes – especially women and children
Clouaire, Pascal. „Les réseaux sociothechniques dans la formation des portails des Universités de Grenoble (1998-2008)“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENL024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the emergence of a technical object - a digital portal for training products - by identifying all actors that such a project has mobilized and trying to grasp the logic of their interactions to define the various socio-technical configurations laws or regularities that make them representative of a technical innovation process. From a field survey strongly inspired by an ethnographic approach, this research provides an inventory of twelve digital portals that succeeded between 1998 and 2008 at the Universities of Grenoble while describing actors and their positions (converging or contradictory), the different point of view, and the political, technical and economic stakes.Borrowing from the boundary object concept to include this set of successive digital environments common to a university territory study gives importance to objects in action and provides a method of understanding of the association and breaking points between mobilized actors. The objective is to model the interactions established for each new "prototype" portal, which represent chains of associations (technical, economic, political and usage) thus revealing different networks.With reference to the theory of the actor-network, this analysis of the design process of portals aims to identify the mechanisms at work in generating these networks. This sociology implies taking a particular look at the portal, considered as the result of a combination of associations between human and non-human actors. The portal is there by shaped by the heterogeneous social and technical relationships of the actors who designed it.To understand these mechanisms of construction, adjustment or stabilization of the links between network entities, the approach starts with an historical overview of the twelve portals in order to transpose all of the observed data into a topographical space (diagrams, tables) and to include the relationships established between actants through the mediation of the technical object.This presentation of the twelve networks, which considers the technical object as a landmark of successive transformations of the boundary object, then makes it possible to perform an analysis of the network structure, that is say of the set of data and and how the relationships between this data structure a space. The analysis then consists in interpreting the resulting structure to account for special relationships. For each of the twelve portals, this research highlights specific network structures and specific properties of the constitution, deformation and loss that these hybrid collectives are subject to. The iterative and systematic connection between these structures can be classified into three distinct groups: self-centered networks, collaborative networks and open networks. These groups reveal specific properties, including: - symbolic or economic competition is a structuring force of the network; - the technical object is a component whose plasticity depends more on the structure of the network than on its technical characteristics; - the action potential of an entity (that is to say its ability to create difference within the network) is related to its ability to establish associations.All of these innovation processes lead us to question the P. Flichy model of innovation regarding the distinction of the two boundary object frameworks and in the model of the actor-network in its principle of symmetry
Demashki, Rahaf. „Action artistique et précarité“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrecarity takes more and more place in our life nowadays. It conditions the person who undergoes it in an uncertain state, an unstable situation or an indefinite time. Many artists are interested today in spaces affected by this precarious situation, such as shantytowns, migrant camps, favelas, etc., as a place for artistic experimentation. What is the meaning of artistic actions performed in, from and around these spaces, especially those involving a direct collaboration with itsinhabitants ? What is the ethics in relationship between the artist and these people when building a collaborative work ? I tried to find answers for these questions in this thesis, through the analysis of work of artists who met these people and worked with them, as well as through some of my artistic creations. The first part of this thesis draws the outlines of the concept of « precariousness », situating it in spaces that allow to comprehend it. The second focuses on my experience with migrant people living in the Calais camps, as well as an analysis of other artistic works such as those of Monica Nador, made in Brazil’s favelas, in order to see how art could make it possible to create encounters, to generate social and collective links between people in these places. The last part deals with the concept of border in its various aspects, and considers the artistic interventions allowing different perceptions of the border. The thesis concludes with the way that artistic actions could renew our representation of precarious spaces and those who occupy them. Moreover, the impact of precariousness on artistic productions leads to another way of conceiving the artist’s posture when his art is carried out into a non-institutional field of experimentation
Bach, Sarah. „Espace et structure dans les Métamorphoses d’Ovide“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relationship between Ovid's Metamorphoses and the notion of space is analyzed in the three different directions of the concept (geometrical space), of the experience (practical space) and of representations (metaphorical space). The cosmogony, the first tale in the Metamorphoses, poses the question of the boundaries between the elements, while the birth of human beings poses that of their transgression. The text is constructed upon a tension within which space is the driving force. The Metamorphoses offer the reader a journey to Rome punctuated by indications of a progressive romanization. The chosen space of the text thus becomes the terrestrial space and its geography. But this is only an illusory kind of linearity. There is a strong sense of fear of a return to the initial chaos and the book is constructed around the programmatic expression of the «discors concordia» (1,433). The beings who inhabit the mundus take part in this tension. The cosmogony has laid the foundations for a spatial ontology. Spaces are thresholds where the identity of all beings is played out and questioned, in an ontology in movement that unites the transformations of space and nature
Chéry, Jean-Pierre. „Modélisation d'un système spatial en zone frontalière franco-suisse : adéquation de la dynamique de système aux problèmes de la différenciation spatiale“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaman, Waziri Khalid. „A stochastic earnings frontier approach to investigating labour market failures“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0164/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis addresses issues related to employees’ imperfect information on the labour market and discrimination, generally all direct consequences of labour underpayment or “earnings inefficiency”. Workers are in a situation of earnings inefficiency when they do not receive the full potential remuneration corresponding to their human capital endowment: unfair pay for greater stock of human capital. This situation is problematic from a policy-makers point of view as it could weaken work incentives, discourage investments in human capital, and harm economic growth and competitiveness. It could also widen inequality within the society and contribute to the increase in relative poverty.The contribution we make through this work is threefold. First, we examine the integration of young people into the labour market from a new angle. Instead of examining whether individuals obtain stable employment or not, we use an approach that focuses on the quality of the job matching for young people entering the workforce and lacking labour market information. This first chapter provides empirical evidence on job search theories. In a second chapter, because of the considerable challenge of identifying and assessing discriminatory practices in the labour market, we propose an innovative and effective approach to examine the phenomenon of the glass ceiling (an invisible barrier to management positions associated with higher earnings). Finally, the last part of this doctoral thesis is devoted to improving the econometric approach we use. We propose a theoretical econometric model that improves correction for sample selection bias with stochastic frontier models
Hirschhorn, Damien. „Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti“. Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
Kundi, Yasir Mansoor. „The role of career orientations, career and personal resources, and personality traits in predicting subjective career success“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211021_KUNDI_521hgegb717gjgxv827scog96woorym_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCareer researchers are increasingly recognizing the need to expand their focus to advance the field. One question still needs to be addressed by career researchers is what leads to subjective career success ? In addition, organizational career scholars have largely neglected the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that might affect one’s subjective career success. Accordingly, this dissertation aims to answer this question with a quantitative study of business professionals working in various industries in France. To do so, we conducted three studies to examine the unaddressed and unexplored factors that might enhance individuals subjective career success. In study 1, we examined the relationship between protean and boundaryless career orientations and subjective career success, as mediated by employee job crafting. In study 2, we examined the relationship between career adaptability resources and subjective career success, as moderated by lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism and mediated by employee job crafting. In study 3, we examined the relationship between motivational career resources and subjective career success, as mediated by employee job crafting. Across three studies, we found general support for our theoretical predictions, which contribute to the careers, personality, and job crafting literatures and provide practical implications for both the manager and the employee
Bargui, Henda. „Modélisation des comportements mécaniques et hydrauliques de massifs rocheux simulés par des assemblages de blocs rigides : Introduction d'un couplage hydro-mécanique“. Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9705.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims at modelling the hydro-mechanical behaviour of fissured rock masses by improvement and extension of a discrete element model, called BRIG3D. This model simulates fissured rock mass as a set of rigid blocks interacting along their interfaces. Interface deformation is related to the relative displacement of the corresponding blocks. Being subject to external loads, the total set of blocks moves until equilibrium is reached. The computation of this equilibrium has been improved by redefining the model description of the rigid block movement, the interface position and the stress distribution along an interface. To describe flow problems through blocks interfaces, a boundary element model has been developed. Flow through each interface is assumed to be laminar, stationary and planar. This hydraulic model has then been coupled with the mechanical model BRIG3D and used to analyse hydro-mechanical rock mass behaviour under varying loads ; In particulard, a study of a dam foundation has been carried out
Mallette-Brochu, Simon. „La négociation de l’identité organisationnelle : une étude narrative du travail des employés de Médecins Sans Frontières“. Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10412.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the concept of organizational identity, applied to humanitarian organizations. The actual international context is forcing these organizations to review some of their core values and procedures. Consequently, their teams on the field are confronted with more and more conflicts and complex situations where the organisation’s identity is at stake. The aim of this research is to produce a better understanding of the work that employees of Doctors Without Borders (MSF) do on the field during a mission, especially when they have to justify and negotiate the presence of their organisation with the local populations and authorities. Based on Karl E. Weick’s concept of sensemaking, we present a narrative analysis of fieldwork stories we collected by conducting interviews with five MSF employees. Not only does this analysis help us understand the roles employees have to play on the field, but it also provides insight into the different situations when organizational identity is being negotiated.
RIVEST, C. „L'incidence de l'ouverture des frontières sur les relations de travail et le droit du travail: analyse comparative de la CEE et du libre-échange Canada-États-Unis“. Thèse, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1646.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParedes, Laurie. „Transhumanisme et Cellules Souches : travail à la frontière de la gériatrie biomédicale“. Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11642.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiomedical research in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine promise a wide array of revolutionary therapeutic applications for many diseases. Yet for some those advances could serve other purposes, particularly in regards to the biological improvement of humans, means of control and even the reversing of aging process. Many of those who share these ideas belong to a movement called transhumanism. Some of these actors are actively involved in scientific research and steer it in accord with their personal values. Up to a point were they reach the outer limits of science into what we can only describe as pseudoscience. Based on the concepts of confined research / research in the wild, hybrid forum and boundary work, this master thesis explores the role of transhumanist researchers involved in institutional scientific research by questioning their ways and means. For this analysis, we produced a transhumanist documentary corpus on stem cells and studied the relations of transhumanist researchers as a network. This study provides a new perspective on the transhumanist movement. We agrue that transhumanist researchers are not confined to the representations of their ideas and values through discourse, but actively partake in the achievement of transhumanist’s objectives by conducting research within institutional scientific research structures.
Provost, Savard Yanick. „Étude des mécanismes du débordement de bien-être psychologique entre le travail et la famille“. Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24824.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWork and family are often considered as two domains competing for the time, energy and attention of workers. Positive synergies could nonetheless exist at the interface between these two life domains. Notably, psychological well-being could spillover from one domain to the other. Theoretical frameworks about the spillover of psychological well-being exist (e.g., Edwards & Rothbard, 2000; Greenhaus & Powell, 2006), but very few studies have evaluated the mechanisms through which work and family psychological well-being influence each other. Previous studies do not adequately capture the process within which spillover mechanisms operate for two reasons. On the one hand, they use global concepts encompassing the whole spillover process, thereby disregarding internal mechanisms. On the other hand, they mainly use cross-sectional designs which cannot capture the processual nature of the proposed mechanisms. The objective of this thesis is therefore to evaluate mechanisms that could explain work-family psychological well-being spillover. The first article evaluates the mediating role of work performance in the influence of psychological well-being outside of work on psychological well-being at work, the mechanism most supported by work-family interface theories. Hence, the article explores this mechanism in depth by evaluating it according to two psychological well-being conceptualizations, as well as two types of performance. Two studies were conducted: one using a two-wave design with a 7.5-month delay and the other measuring experiences on a given workday. Results support the mediating role of performance in both studies and shed light on the distinction between cognitive well-being spillover and affective well-being spillover. The second article explores three other spillover mechanisms: life satisfaction (mediator), originating domain identity centrality, and work-family boundary strength (moderators). Theoretical articulations peripheral to work-family spillover enhance the understanding of the spillover process from work to family and inversely. Six thousand seventy-seven young workers answered three questionnaires with a delay of 11 weeks between each measurement time. Path analyses support the mediating role of life satisfaction. Furthermore, we discovered that the more an individual considers family as an important life domain, the more its family satisfaction will positively influence its life satisfaction. Finally, home boundary strength appears to limit the psychological well-being spillover from work to family. The main contribution of this thesis is its articulation of different theoretical propositions in one consistent work-family psychological well-being spillover model, as well as its empirical evaluation. Our studies build on previous literature by tapping on diverse samples and rigorous methods. The results of this thesis show practical implications for workers, organizations, and society.