Dissertationen zum Thema „Transports de sédiments“
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Delmotte, Sébastien. „Rôle de la bioturbation dans le fonctionnement biogéochimique de l'interface eau-sédiment : modélisation de la diversité des transports biologiques et effets sur la diagenèse précoce des sédiments d'une retenue“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with the role of bioturbation in the early diagenesis of freshwater sediments, particularly the effects of the diversity of the biological transports. To understand the complex interactions between the bio-transports and the reactions of matter transformation, some models of reactive transport were developed including the bio-transport diversity. In a first chapter, cadmium transport by oligochætes tubificids was modelled using an existing dataset. Then, the more complex case of the organic matter mineralization in the Malause reservoir (West South of France) has been addressed. Bioturbation by the natural benthic community was measured. A model of early diagenesis of organic matter was developed including this bioturbation, and particularly the non-local transports. Finally, an extension of bioturbation models is proposed in the last chapter, to account for the effects of the patchiness in the distribution of bioturbators
Sow, Mamadou Alpha. „Hydrologie et géochimie des transports fluviaux dissous et particulaires dans le bassin versant du Milo (République de Guinée)“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Guinea, the availability of water resources is subjected to serious problems of management with important consequences for the populations, particularly in Kankan city where most of the wells dry up during the dry season and where the water supply from the Milo river is not assured for all the districts. Then the Milo river and its watershed represent an important issue for the inhabitants of Kankan. The Milo river (480 km in length) which drains an area of 13 810 km2 is the most important right-bank tributary of the Niger river. To evaluate the impact of the Milo watershed and of the Kankan city on the water and sediments of this river, 30 samples of bottom sediments have been collected during a first campaign (June-July 2013) on the main course from upstream to downstream and on the main tributaries, whereas during a second campaign (April 2014-May 2015) a regular monitoring was set up on the Milo river, upstream and downstream Kankan city. During this campaign, 232 river water samples (of which 116 for isotopic analyses) and 26 bottom sediment samples have been collected at Bordo (upstream) and Karifamoriah (downstream) stations. The concentrations of major and trace elements, rare earth elements, POC and PON, DOC, pH, alkalinity, the isotopic composition of O, H and the micro-granulometry of sediments have been measured. The results obtained during the hydrological cycle 2014-2015 allowed to estimate the fluxes of dissolved (47 863 t.y-1) and particulate (76 759 t.y-1) matters exported by the Milo river at Kankan. 92% of these fluxes are exported during the high flow period. These fluxes allowed us to estimate very low average rates of physical erosion (8 t.km-2.y-1) and chemical weathering (5 t.km-2.y-1) of the Milo catchment. The specific flux of CO2 consumed by chemical weathering (76.103 mole.km-2.y-1) is relatively low but within the range of CO2 fluxes measured in catchments draining lateritic soils. The degree of sediment contamination and its spatio-temporal variation have been assessed using the enrichment factor (EF), by normalizing the trace element concentrations with Al, Sc and Ti and by taking PAAS and UCC as the reference materials. Almost all the trace elements mainly originate from weathering processes and are of natural origin. Nevertheless, moderate to significant enrichments (5 < EF < 20) have been calculated for Zr and Hf (natural enrichments) and As and Sb (anthropogenic impacts). Finally, the anthropogenic contribution of trace elements, when it exists, remains moderate. The rare earth concentration patterns allowed to show the geochemical signature of river bottom sediments is homogeneous within the Milo catchment and characteristic of lateritic soils, non- perturbed by the city of Kankan and close to the PAAS and UCC patterns. For most of the trace and rare earth elements, the anthropogenic contribution remains low and the available fractions (labile phases) in the sediment (EDTA extraction) are also low, confirming that the main part of these elements are mainly in the residual phases
Pontier, Alexandre. „Étude expérimentale de l'impact de goutte sur un lit granulaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe impact of water droplets on granular media is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, particularly during rainfall events, and it induces complex dynamics that depend on multiple parameters. In the context of climate change, extreme rainfall events are increasing in both intensity and frequency, necessitating the use of predictive models to safeguard populations and infrastructure. Building on this context, this experimental thesis focuses on the characterization of deformations induced by water droplet impacts on dry and cohesive granular media, with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the associated mechanisms. The objective of this manuscript is to quantitatively analyze the dynamic processes during the impact of a droplet on a granular substrate in order to characterize the crater diameter associated with the eroded soil volume. Following a detailed review of the literature on impacts on various surfaces, highlighting the relevance of droplet impacts on granular media, we present our experimental approach. The results on the formation and evolution of the crater resulting from a water droplet impact on a non-cohesive granular bed are then discussed. In particular, the influence of two parameters is explored: the droplet's Weber number (We), which represents the ratio of its inertia to the capillary restoring force, and the grain diameter dg of the substrate. We demonstrate the relationship between these control parameters and the dimensionless crater diameter, its depth, and the dynamic effect of the substrate's apparent wettability and splash, i.e., the atomization of the fluid crown. In the elastic regime, the dimensionless final crater diameter Dmax/D increases as We^{1/4}, whereas in the splash regime, Dmax/D remains constant and no longer depends on We. Subsequently, particular attention is given to the dynamics of crater formation through the study of the fluid crown around the impact point, whose height and propagation vary depending on the properties of the granular medium and the droplet. Finally, the thesis addresses impacts on cohesive granular media, where the presence of capillary interactions between grains significantly alters the crater formation dynamics. We show that cohesion within the granular substrate leads to smaller craters, with dynamics depending on the number of capillary bridges. The effects of the substrate's water saturation fraction in relation to the grain material are also examined, revealing complex behavior that depends on both the amount of interstitial fluid and the nature of the medium (silica or polystyrene). This experimental approach contributes to the understanding of deformation processes in granular media subjected to liquid impacts and opens up prospects for applications ranging from geophysics to industrial processes
Le, Bouteiller Caroline. „Dégradation des sédiments marneux et suspensions hyperconcentrées“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603000.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNaceur, Sabah. „Modélisation tridimensionnelle du transport des sédiments dans les cours d'eau“. Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1326.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePiedra-Cueva, Jose Carlos Ismael. „Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de transport des sédiments cohésifs“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNOETINGER, BENOIT. „Sedimentation et transport de particules dans un fluide visqueux“. Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066377.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhodashenas, Saeed Reza. „Modification de la topographie d'une rivière due au transport de sédiments“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVan, Lan Anh. „Modélisation du transport de sédiments mixtes sable-vase et application à la morphodynamique de l'estuaire de la Gironde (France)“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1165/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study attempts to model sediment transport rates and the resulting bed evolution in a complex estuarine environment: the Gironde estuary, characterized by a high hetereogeneity in the sediment bed composition, with the presence of both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments and sand/mud mixtures. Our main objective is to extend an existing 2D morphodynamic model developped by Huybrechts et al (2012b) for non-cohesive sediments, to account for the presence of mud and to draw some preliminary step for a fully mixte sediment morphodynamic model. Our framework is the finite element Telemac system (release 6.1), where the two-dimensional (depth averaged) approach has been selected for large scale and medium term simulations.The first part of this work is devoted to the understanding of sedimentation-consolidation processes for pure mud, combining laboratory experiments and 1D vertical models. Cohesive processes are then integrated in the 2D (depth-averaged) large scale morphodynamic model of the Gironde estuary developed by Huybrechts et al. (2012b). Erosion/deposition experiments were performed at the RWTH laboratory (University of Aachen, Germany) to calibrate the erosion and deposition law parameters. Moreover, the effect of consolidation is taken into account through the implementation of a 1DV Gibson-based sedimentation-consolidation model (Thiebot et al., 2011) using analytical closure equations for permeability and effective stress. Special attention is paid to the initialisation of the bed structure. Comparisons between measurements and model results are achieved on both suspended sediment concentration records and on medium term (5-year) bed evolutions.In the second part, a new 1DV model for the hindered settling of sand-mud mixtures has been developed based on the background of non-cohesive bi-disperse models. The numerical solution has been constructed by considering a high-order of accuracy in space via a Weighted Essentially Non Oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction technique and in time via a local space-time Discontinuous Galerkin (DG).The model is then validated against a large range of experimental data (mono-disperse sand, mud, non-cohesive bi-disperse and non-cohesive/cohesive mixture)
Salomé, Anne-Lise. „Etude sur la variabilité de la susceptibilité magnétique : le cycle érosion-transport-sédimentation“. Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBleau, Daniel Alexandre. „Transport de sédiments en rivière graveleuse affectée par des couverts de glace“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiausque, Mélanie. „Approche multi-proxys de la réponse des plages sableuses ouvertes aux événements de tempêtes, en incluant les phases de récupération“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0286/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a study of an open sandy beach wave-dominated, based on an original dataset, covering 29 months and composed by 150 DGPS surveys recorded along 750m of sandy shore, giving an access to the morphodynamic of Biscarrosse beach at different timescales. In a first time, event scale analysis showed that sandy beach response to clusters is not the result of the sum of the impact generated by each storm of a cluster on the system. Thus, the cumulated effect of clusters, described in the literature is not verified here. The storm sequencing has also been studied: during a cluster, changes in hydrodynamics conditions (rising of the water level and/or wave height) are necessary to provoke a significant erosion of the system by the second storm. In a second time, we studied the seasonal scale dynamic of the beach/dune system (winter and summer seasons) with the purpose to highlight dominant processes involved at this timescale. Beach response to winter seasons not only depends on hydrodynamic conditions and previous beach profile, but also on erosion/recovery event sequencing, post-storm recovery, cross-shore and longshore sediment transport, the barline characteristics and RIP current positions. Summer seasons are here defined by the berm reconstruction. Recovery periods are both linked to hydrodynamic conditions and barline characteristics (e.g. position and shape).The study of successive winters and summers allowed us to identify interactions between seasons, and the influence of short-scale dynamics on the seasonal one. It also emphasizes the impact of urbanism and coastal management strategies on the system’s response, at different timescales
Lu, Jun. „Développement de modèles prédictifs décrivant le couplage chimie-transport dans les sédiments naturels“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2287/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManagement of soils or sediments contaminated by metals requires to predict the migration of metallic cations, whose mobility depends both on the transport properties of the medium and chemical reactivity of the system (principally sorption/desorption reactions). To study the sorption of metallic cations (major and trace) in dynamic condition, transport experiments using columns have been carried out with a soil poor in carbonated minerals and organic matter. Considering that the reactivity of this soil was mainly due to swelling clay minerals, a sorption model based on the sorption properties of the Wyoming montmorillonite and built according to a multi-site ion exchanger theory has been integrated into a 1D transport code. The predictions given by this model were then compared with the breakthrough curves measured in this study and those reported in the literature. The study of the reactive transport of major cations highlighted the significant role of protons (even at near neutral pH), and validated the model for major cations (Na and Ca). However, the study concerning Zn (II) showed a discrepancy between the results obtained from batch experiments and those issued from column experiments, which could be attributed to the contribution of another sorbent phase (illite). Finally, the proposed sorption model allowed reproducing with a good confidence experimental data reported from literature for sorption of Zn (II) in dynamic conditions
Berni, Céline. „Processus de mobilisation et de transport de sédiments dans la zone de déferlement“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673277.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Normant Catherine. „Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle des processus de transport des sédiments cohésifs en environnement estuarien“. Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT014H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYang, Junqing. „Assimilation de données variationnelles pour les problèmes de transport des sédiments en rivière“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004863.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHérouin, Eric. „Capacité de transport de sédiments dans les cours d'eau en régime non-uniforme“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO19011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArmstrong, Lawrence. „Etude de l'érosion des berges et du transport de sédiments d'une micro-rivière à chenal droit : (Bank erosion and sediment transport in a microscale straight river)“. Paris 7, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130323.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYu, Zhaojie. „Quaternary Indian and East Asian monsoon reconstructions and their impacts on weathering and sediment transport to the ocean“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this PhD study is to reconstruct the evolution of the Asian monsoons during the Quaternary and their impacts on the continental erosion and sedimentary transfers from land to sea by the investigation of sediments cores collected in the Northern Bay of Bengal, the western Philippines Sea and the Arabian Sea. The implemented scientific strategy involves mineralogical (clay size fraction), sedimentological (grain-size laser) and geochemical (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and εNd) analyses in order to establish sedimentary sources, conditions of erosion and transfer of sediments to the Ocean. The analyses of the concentration of Rare Earth Elements (REE) and εNd were also made on seawater and foraminifera samples to better constrain the εNd as a proxy of weathering in a context of strong seasonal variations of sediment discharges by Himalayan rivers. Clay mineralogy and laser grain-size analyses have been conducted on sediments from core MD06-3050 collected on the Benham Rise (Philippines Sea). Siliciclastic grain-size results indicate variations of the relative proportion of three grain-size sub-populations corresponding to eolian dusts (EM2 about 9-11 μm) and Luzon rivers inputs (EM1 about 2-5 μm and EM3 about 19-25 μm). The long-term evolutions of the EM1/EM2 and smectite/(illite+chlorite) ratios permit to reconstruct variations of the contribution of detrital material deriving from the volcanic arc of Luzon and rainfall intensity of this tropical region. At long time scale, periods of intensification of monsoon rainfall on Luzon are associated to a reduction of precipitation on central China. These periods are also associated to an increase of the zonal gradient of sea surface temperatures on the equatorial Pacific Ocean suggesting a strengthening of El Niña conditions. These results highlight for the first time a strong role of the dynamics of the meridian circulation of ENSO on the long-term changes of rainfall of the tropical western Pacific during the Quaternary. In the Arabian Sea, clay mineralogy, siliciclastic grain-size, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and εNd were analysed on Quaternary sediments of the IODP site U1457. Our results suggest a change in the relative proportions of sediments from the Deccan Trapps (smectite) and the Indus river (mainly illite and chlorite). Variability of sedimentary sources and sediment transport (turbidites activity) to the Indus Fan have been reconstructed and attributed to monsoon rainfall and the sea level variations. The concentrations of REE combined with εNd were analysed on seawater samples collected in June 2012 along a North-South cross section in the Bay of Bengal. We highlighted from normalized REE patterns that the contributions of dissolved REE from the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system was the main source of the dissolved REE of surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, whereas the desorption of lithogenic particles dominate the dissolved REE of the intermediate and deep waters masses. We then revalued the residence time of the dissolved REE in the Bay of Bengal. A comparison of εNd, obtained just before the increase of the Ganges-Brahmaputra river discharge inferred by Indian monsoon rainfall, with the results obtained by Singh and al. (2012) for seawater samples collected after the peak of river discharge, allowed us to highlight for the first time a seasonal variability of seawater εNd of the Bay of Bengal. εNd have been analysed on planktonic foraminiferas of core MD77-176 located at 1375 m water depth to reconstruct for the first time the seawater εNd record of the intermediate waters masses of northern Bay of Bengal for the last 27 kyr. This new seawater εNd record of the Northern Bay of Bengal give us new constrain for this proxy already used to reconstruct past changes of the Himalayan weathering
Huynh, Cong Hoai. „Modélisation du transport sédimentaire : application au littoral vietnamien“. Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT014H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecking, Alain. „Etude expérimentale de l'influence du tri granulométrique sur le transport solide par charriage“. Villeurbanne, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0113/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe overall aim of the present research is to understand the effects of grain sorting on bedload. In a first step, experimental results in addition to available data of the literature are used to constitute a data set of 1449 values. This data set permitted to valid friction and transport laws for flows over uniform materials. In a second step, experiments were performed over poorly sorted sediments, and no equilibrium slope was obtained whatever the run and the experiment duration. Instead a periodic pattern fluctuation was observed, affecting the bed slope, the bed load discharge, and the bed state (varying from armour to fine bed). A special bed form resulting from grains sorting, called “bed load sheets” appears to be the keystone of the fluctuating process. The concept of transport rate efficiency is used to demonstrate that grain sorting may control the fluctuation periods and amplitudes by controlling the sand content of the bed load mixture. This hypothesis permits to reproduce the amplitude of mean bed slope fluctuations observed with the long experiments for different slopes and sediment mixtures
Spielmann, Karine. „Modélisation de la dynamique morphologique d'un profil de plage“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiodi, Filippo. „Approche multi-échelle à la morphodynamique des rivières : transport des sédiments, barres et méandres“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis has been devoted to three different problems related to the morphodynamics of rivers. The first of them concerns sediment transport, for which a two-phase flow model has been proposed, valid in both viscous and turbulent regimes. As a main result, this model describes the transition from bed load to suspended load when the Shields number is increased. The second subject was the formation of bars. We revisited the linear stability analysis of these bedforms in order to emphasize the role played by the saturation length. We have shown that this saturation length controls the transition from ripples to bars. The third and most developed aspect of this PhD work was dedicated to the formation of meanders. By means of 3D RANS equations, we have performed a detailed description of hydrodynamics in a channel with both modulated bed and undulating banks. Coupled to sediment transport, the linear stability analysis of the problem gives predictions for the growth rate, the migration velocity and the shape of the bed for given meandering banks of wavenumber k. These predictions are in quantitative agreement with experimental data we obtained in a small flume: the entire dispersion relation is fitted with reasonable parameters of the modeling, but also the bed modulation is correctly reproduced. On the qualitative sicle, we have identified the mechanism responsible for this instability. This mechanism is different to thàt proposed by Einstein and it is also different to the resonance proposed by Blondeaux & Seminara. Finally, we have shown that depth-averaged (Saint-Venant) equations are not able to reproduce the instability
Nguyen, Thi Hai Yen. „Modélisation des écoulements et du transport de sédiments au voisinage de structures immergées : application aux cages d'aquaculture“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC203/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript presents investigations of current and sediment transport in the vicinity of large immersed structures in shallow water flows. It focuses on aquaculture cages installed in the roadstead of Cherbourg. Being located in a high stream zone, these obstacles have a non-negligible effect on currents as well as turbidity. In spite of numerous references on this topic, many questions still arise concerning the environmental impact of such objects. Quantitative information are still needed about the flow below the cage, turbulence production, erosion of the sand bed, sediments resuspension, and evacuation of effluents. To deal with these open questions, we have chosen to develop three complementary approaches. The thesis starts with an analytical study of the flow in a simplified two-dimensional model containing a large rectangular porous structure. Only the motion in the vertical mid-plane of the obstacle is considered. This preliminary model provides estimations of various dynamic quantities, like the velocity increase below the cage, the decay of piezometric pressure along the stream, and turbulence production. Then follows a numerical analysis of the very same flow, based on less stringent approximations. Because of the high cost of computations, simulations have been done at a reduced scale. Nevertheless, they confirm most of the findings of the analytical approach for very permeable cages, and provide crucial information also about weakly permeable cages which were out of reach of the analytical model. In particular, the formation of a recirculation cell behind such cages, together with turbulence production, have been studied with the numerical model. This effect has been observed to affect sediment and effluent transport: when the flow at the rear of the cage takes the form of a cell with closed streamlines, the cage can be thought of as closed and most of the flow passes below. This creates large velocity gradients and produces turbulence which significantly increases the dispersion of sediments and effluents. These particles are then likely to be captured for some time in the cell, instead of being evacuated away. In addition to these theoretical approaches, in-situ current and turbidity measurements have been performed upstream and downstream of a large cage immersed in the roadstead of Cherbourg. They confirm the existence of a fast stream emerging from below the cage. Vertical streamwise velocity profiles have been shown to agree with theoretical ones, in the case of a very permeable cage. Also, large turbidity levels have been recorded at the rear of a weakly permeable cage, in qualitative agreement with simulations
Nagel, Tim. „Étude numérique des interactions multi-échelles écoulement-sédiment-structure par une approche multiphasique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work undertaken in this PhD thesis was to develop and use numerical models to investigate the multi-scale interactions between an offshore wind turbine and the local ocean and sediment dynamics. First, the interactions between the coupled ocean-sediment system and the atmospheric wake generated by an offshore wind turbine are investigated using an idealized two-dimensional model developed during this Phd thesis and written in fortran. The model integrates the shallow water equations for the ocean together with the Exner equation for the sediment bed. In a second part, the 3D scour phenomenon around a vertical cylinder in a steady current is studied using a two-phase flow eulerian-eulerian solver, sedFoam, written within the framework of the numerical toolbox OpenFOAM. The two-phase flow approach accounts for small-scale processes by avoiding the traditional assumptions made for sediment transport modeling, such as a local corre- lation between the sediment flux and the fluid bed shear stress.Regarding the atmospheric wake generated by a turbine, the results shows that its impact on the ocean’s surface can generate vortices. The resulting turbulent ocean dynamics is controlled by the wake parameter S = CdD/H, where D is the wake diameter at the impact location on the ocean surface, Cd is the quadratic friction coefficient between the ocean and the sediment and H is the oceanic layer depth. A turbulence parameterization based on S is proposed, allowing for upscaling simulations in larger scales Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. It is shown that the ocean dynamics has an effect on the available wind power. The results also show that the instantaneous sediment dynamics is strongly coupled with the ocean one but that the overall seabed elevation variations remain small (a few millimeters/month). The morphodynamic impact of the wake is thus negligible.Concerning the two-phase flow simulation of scour, sedFoam is first validated on 1D and 2D configurations. Then, 3D simulations around a vertical cylindrical pile are presented. At first, a validation of the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) turbulence model developed in this work is performed on a configuration without sediment. The results show that the vortices structures responsible for scouring, the Horse Shoe Vortex (HSV) and the vortex-shedding in the lee of the cylinder are correctly reproduced. Then, 3D two-phase flow simulations of the scour around a cylindrical pile have been carried out in a live-bed configuration. This work is the first attempt to model 3D scour phenomenon using the two-phase flow approach. Such simulations represent a real challenge in terms of high performance computing. The good agreement between the numerical predictions and the literature experimental results provide the proof of concept that the two-phase flow approach can be used to study complex 3D and unsteady flow configurations. The relationship between the local bed shear stress, the sediment flux and the local sediment bed slope is further investigated. The deviation of the results from a uniform flow configuration is further analyzed to identify the relevant sediment transport mechanisms associated with the HSV, the slope in the scour mark and the vortex-shedding downstream of the cylinder. Finally, the numerical results show a grid sensitivity of the morphological predictions in the lee of the cylinder that are most probably related to small-scale resolved vortical structures. This highlights the need for two-phase flow Large Eddy Simulations on this configuration in the future
Lafaye, de Micheaux Hugo. „Traitement d'images pour la ségrégation en transport de sédiments par charriage : morphologie et suivi d'objets“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSediment transport in rivers and mountain streams remains poorly understood partly due to the polydispersity of particles and resulting segregation. Experiments in a channel were carried out to study bedload transport of bimodal bead mixtures. The behavior of the beads is recorded through video sequences. This work is about the development of image processing methods to analyse the obtained data. Firstly, we developed a method of image segmentation to study the infiltration of fine particles and its influence on the evolution of bed mobility. Thanks to this method, an experimental study shows that the bed slope evolution follows an exponential decay. Secondly, we optimised deterministic tracking algorithms to enable the study of trajectories on long-duration phenomena of segregation, which was not possible with previous work done at Irstea. Moreover we set up relevant evaluation measures and elaborated ground truth sequences to quantify the results. We observed benefits in execution time, consistency, precision and memory. Thirdly, we developed a new algorithm based on multiple model particle filtering to better deal with complex dynamics of particles and to gain robustness. This approach allows taking unreliable detections into account, correcting them and thus avoiding difficulties in the target tracking as encountered with the deterministic algorithm
Ben, Brahim Mouldi. „Le transport et la sédimentation de la matière en suspension dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est et dans l'estuaire de la Seine“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuarracino, Maud. „Contrôle hydrodynamique du transfert de la matière particulaire sur la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion“. Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0575.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA long term experiment of monthly downward particle fluxes and hourly currents and temperature has been initiated in 1993 on the continental slope of the Gulf of Lions. This study aims at describing the spatial variation of the intensity and nature of particle fluxes, discriminating the temporal flux variability, and analysing the role of some forcing factors in the control of particle exchange across the margin. Forcing variables include sources of particulate matter on the shelf (river inputs, atmospheric input and resuspension) and cross-slope exchange mechanism derived from in-situ temperature and current records. The statistical analysis of the long term time series underlines that the transfer of particulate matter to the deep ocean is not forced by the sources of matter, and mass fluxes are likely controlled by the meandering of the Northern Current and by winter dense water formation. Numerical simulations have been carried out to check these hypotheses as well as to define the spatial structure of the water exchanges between the continental shelf and the basin and the major hydrodynamic mechanism which controls the export of matter to deep ocean. This modelling approach scans the impact of local atmospheric forcing (wind stress, heat fluxes, precipitation-evaporation budget) on the variability of the oceanic circulation and of mass fluxes within the canyons. Some results showed an East-West gradient of matter export on the shelf, a positive correlation between matter inputs from the shelf and particle fluxes measured on the slope as well as a positive correlation between anomalies of dense water formation rates and interannual variability of particle fluxes
Li, Fung-Chun. „L'estimation du taux d'érosion actuel en fonction des sédiments transportés par les rivières à Taiwan =“. Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Earth’s topography ultimately reflects a balance between two competing mechanisms, tectonics and erosion (Harrison, 1994). In Taiwan, the large amounts of rainfall and the rapid uplift of the collision mountain belt concur to produce high erosion rates and rapid denudation? Based on consideration of sediment transport in rivers (Li, Y. H. 1976) provided the first evaluation of the average denudation rate of the Central Range, at least 1,365 mg/cm2yr, being followed by many authors. A complete evaluation of the controls on erosion rate requires analyses and syntheses of detailed measurements of sediment transport across a range of timescales. The research goal is to calculate mountain erosion rate of Taiwan and its research method focus on geo-statistics method with the original data of records of river suspended sediments measurement. This study has three problems anticipated. 1. Limitation of data, 2. Validity and reliability of data and 3. Financial limitation about this calculation work. There are two questions should be discussed in the conclusion in the future : 1. The limitations of Arithmetic mean, Voronoi and Isopleths method about the calculation on annual erosion rates, 2. The significant meaning for both instantaneous rate and finite rate. We will make contributions on annually river sediment transport in Taiwan form 1994 to 2001 in the future. This study will calculate the averaged annual erosion rate and its comparisons for special events such as typhoons and earthquake effects for Taiwan in specific years
Jodeau, Magali. „Morphodynamique d'un bac de galets en rivière aménagée lors de crues“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/19/81/25/PDF/these_Jodeau_electronic.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with morphodynamics of a gravel bar in an engineered moutain stream, the River Arc (France). The analysis is based on field measurements during three reservoir releases and a natural high flow event. Original methods have been used and improved (LS-PIV and analysis of aerial pictures). The evolution of suspended sediments aong the rver is described accortidng to obeservations during flushing flows. Morphological changes of the studied gravel bar were analysed for the four events, and for in-between time periods. Over the thime of the study, the bar was strengthened, even if the flushings and the flood induced opposit changes and transverse channels were deeply eroded. Deposits of line sediments have been estimated on the entire surface of the gravel bar. Moreover numerical modelling owing to RUBAR20TS has been performed to calculate flows fields and sediment transport during a flushing event and during the flood. Qualitatively n calculated morpological changes agree with measurements
Dussart-Baptista, Ludivine. „Transport des particules en suspension et des bactéries associées dans l'aquifère crayeux karstique haut-normand“. Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the heart of the regional concerns, the problems of water turbidity occurring in the drinking water supply systems cause a great interest at an economic and sanitary point of view, and consequently give place to many studies. One of the objectives of this study was to evaluate the sanitary significance of the water turbidity and bioindicator concentration. The origin of the turbid events and the nature of the discharged materials were also investigated. In this aim, relations between the turbidity and the concentration of planktonic and sessile bacteria were analysed on the karstified site of Norville that comprises a sinkhole, a spring and a well-bore working chalk waters under alluvium. This original approach, that associated hydrogeological and microbiological measurements, allowed (i) to show that transfer and/or storage of bacterial populations within the karstified system are dependent of the previous hydrological events and (ii) to evaluate the influence of the well-bore exploitation on the deterioration of the water quality. Moreover, the recurring presence in the karstified system of a bacterial species (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans) that was always associated with suspended particles, and its high resistance to chlorine in the sessile status, questioned on the biofilm sanitary risk
Absi, Rafik. „Modélisation de la turbulence pariétale et du transport de sédiments dans des couches limites oscillantes“. Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBertelle, Cyrille. „Simulation numérique d'une houle de canal appliquée à un modèle simple de transport de sédiments“. Le Havre, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEHA0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKadi, Abderrezzak Kamal El. „Évolution d'un lit de rivière en fonction des apports“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKinga-Mouzeo. „Transport particulaire actuel du fleuve Congo et de quelques affluents : enregistrement quadernaire dans l'éventail détritique profond (sédimentologie, minéralogie et géochimie)“. Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTran, Thu Tam. „Modélisation numérique de l'interaction houle-courant-sédiment“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMassei, Nicolas. „Transport de particules en suspension dans l'aquifère crayeux karstique et à l'interface craie-alluvions“. Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVan, Metre Peter. „Contamination métallique et organique des sédiments lacustres aux Etats-Unis : Evolution spatio-temporelle, processus de transport, et identification des sources“. Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of water-quality trends contributes to our knowledge of the links between human activities and environmental quality and is necessary for the evaluation of regulatory actions designed to improve water quality. This research evaluated trends in metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) for the United States using sediments cores from 42 lakes. The metals (pb, Cr, Cd) and HOCs (DDT, PCBs) for wich emissions have decreased since the 1970s showed mostly decreasing trends in concentrations. However, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increased rapidly in urban watersheds. In more focused studies, selected sediment cores were evaluated to gain insight into transport processes and fate of contaminants. Urban sources of PAHs were quantified using simulated runoff. The result indicate that parking lot “sealcoat”, a product widely used to coat parking lots, is a major source of PAHs
Balouin, Yann. „Les embouchures mésotidales (tidal inlets) et leur relation avec les littoraux adjacents : Exemple de la Barra Nova, Sud Portugal“. Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12451.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArmstrong, Lawrence. „Étude de l'érosion des berges et du transport de sédiments d'une micro-rivière à chenal droit“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130323.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOlivier, Caroline. „Modélisation numérique des phénomènes de transport de matières en estuaire fluvial : application à l'estuaire de la Seine“. Le Havre, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002LEHA0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this work is to modelize in three dimensions the suspended matter transport in a river with tidal effect. This studie includes three parts. The first one is about hydrodynamic modelization in rivers, the second concern suspended matter transport modelization, the third part is devoted to coupling together the two last models and to apply them to the Seine estuary. In our hydrodynamic model we take into account the tidal wave which is propagated in the opposite direction from the river flow. We have chosen to do a tridimensionnal modelization to represent as well as possible the recirculation phenomena generate by bends and slopes. The treatment of the transport equation was done by a lagrangian method. This method was used to better visualize small displacements of matter in flow and to follow them in time and space. The coupling of models is applied to test areas and then to the Seine estuary
Simoncini, Cristina. „Studio delle problematiche legate ai sedimenti fluviali ed applicazione di una metodologia finalizzata alla gestione a scala di bacino idrografico“. Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_simoncini_c.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this research project is to develop a methodology aimed to identify extent, severity and possible trends of instability processes (erosion, deposition) at the catchment scale, to provide a basic knowledge to support sediment management. The methodology is intended to be specifically suitable in the Alpine - Apennine context, where channels are typically characterised by a relatively high sediment transport. The methodology includes three main modules: (1) Historical and recent channel changes. The results of this phase will consist on an accurate reconstruction of past channel changes, identifying areas of higher channel instability, types of adjustments, rates of channel migration, etc. (2) Potential reintroduction areas of sediment. We adopt a semi-quantitative methodology based on the attribution of different scores, considered the more important parameters in relation to the process of sediment production. (3) Sediment budgets. In order to quantify channel changes and responsible processes, sediment budgets can be conducted by traditional hydraulic methods combined with geomorphological methods and grain size surveys. (4) Strategy of sediment management. In the last phase we define the strategies and the recommendations for the management of sediment based on conservation or improvement of the actual condition of active channel
Séhet, Philippe. „Contribution à l'étude des structures cohérentes en turbulence de paroi : de leur influence sur le transport des sédiments dans le cas du charriage“. Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT117H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoizot, Emmanuel. „La dynamique sédimentaire au travers de la géostatistique et des systèmes d’informations géographiques“. Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouas, Guy. „Étude et modélisation par éléments finis des processus hydrosédimentaires estuariens“. Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD884.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSari, Saida. „Modélisation mathématique et numérique de systèmes multicouches avec transport de sédiments pour les problèmes à surface libre“. Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurafour, Marine. „Dynamique sédimentaire en zone côtière dans le cas de sédiments hétérogènes : application au domaine côtier haut-normand“. Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParticle shape is recognized to influence the hydraulic behavior of grains but is not used in current bedload transport models for two reasons: the mechanisms of initiation of motion of sediments according to their shape are not well understood and the difficulties to define particle shape with common parameters. Several instruments were deployed in-situ, before this study, in the Eastern English Channel in March 2011. A detailed analysis of the data collected is carried out to monitor the quantities of bedload transported materials along a tidal cycle in the three study areas explored. These in-situ measurements are then compared to existing formulations using two approaches: a single fraction approach, using the median diameter of the sediment mixture, and a multiple fraction approach, involving a discretization of the granulometric curve. The need to oscillate between these two methods according to the granulometric extent of the site studied is highlighted. Photographs of grains of the sediment cover and transported in-situ by bed load highlight a preferential transport of the most circular particles of the seabed. A new formula is developed, which takes into account the heterogeneity of particles in size and in circularity, to estimate bedload sediment transport under the action of a single current. The proposed adjustment significantly improves model predictions, especially for coarse fractions of sediments. Preliminary tests in a current channel are also performed to validate a new experimental set-up and protocol in order to compare in-situ and experimental results
Abramian, Anaïs. „Self organisation of sediment transport in alluvial rivers“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC202/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn alluvial river builds its own bed with the sediment it transports. The channel bounds the flow, which in turns deforms the channel through erosion and deposition. This coupling between flow and sediment transport selects the shape and the size of the river. In this manuscript, we investigate it using laboratory experiments. The first ingredient of this coupling is gravity, which pulls the moving grains towards the center of the channel, thus continually eroding the banks. However, due to the roughness of the bed, the trajectory of a moving grain fluctuates across the stream. The bedload layer is therefore a collection of random walkers which diffuse towards the less active areas of the bed. In a river at equilibrium, this diffusion counteracts gravity to maintain the banks. When gravity and diffusion are out of balance, their interaction causes an instability. Indeed, if an initially flat bed of sediment is perturbed with longitudinal streaks, the flow-induced shear stress is weaker where the flow is shallower. Therefore, bedload diffusion induces a sediment flux towards the crests of the perturbation. This positive feedback induces an instability which can generate new channels. We suggest that this mechanism could initiate the braiding of alluvial rivers
Rammal, Mohamad. „Comparaison de différents scenarii de production de matières en suspension dans un réseau unitaire sur la base d'un modèle hydrodynamique adapté“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1149/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite their disappointing performance, urban stormwater quality models are still considered to be a potentially efficient decision making tool to control combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and thus are receiving ongoing investments to improve their quality. In this respect, in-sewer sediments are now widely recognized for their preponderant contribution to the pollution of CSOs assigning therefore a particular importance to mastering sewer processes module when refining these models. Recent studies conducted on in-sewer sediments in one of the extensively investigated urban catchments in Paris, Le Marais, highlighted new elements that could be helpful when addressing this module: (1) the existence of quasi-steady sewer grits deforming sewer characteristics and thus suspected to modify sewer flow conditions; (2) the identification of the potentially eroded sediment type during wet weather that is formed at the upstream parts of the Marais main trunks, the organic layer, that showed a cohesive like characteristic during in-situ flushing experiments. A site specific model for the Marais catchment is developed in this thesis adopting a semi-distributed configuration to examine the effect of integrating these field observations in its structure on the simulation of outfall discharges’ quality.In the first part, an evaluation of the impact of considering the sewer grits in the hydrodynamic module on the solid production and transfer processes in sewer system was carried out. To do so, a special modelling tool was necessary in order to handle sewer flow over a complex bathymetry. So, a well-balanced Godunov numerical scheme was developed and verified against some reference test cases before being extended to the Marais sewer scale. Results showed a significant impact of these coarse deposits on the hydraulic parameters. Solid production was demonstrated to be more sensible to this impact than the transfer processes.In the second place, previous findings obtained on combined sewer systems having no organic layer and high sewer contribution along with those obtained on the Marais were deeply investigated to identify the real role of this organic layer in sewer wet weather production. Results showed that this latter is only a minor source for wet weather erosion. To identify the major source, a quality module based on Skipworth erosion formulation and simple advection equation was used to test several scenarios of sewer sediment localization. The benchmark confirmed that the organic layer is not the major source of sewer production and that another source is preponderant and that can be located at the upstream branches as well as along the principal collectors with more probability of the former case
Chassagne, Romain. „Modélisation des processus biogéochimiques dans les sédiments variablement saturés soumis au forçage de la marée“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor a better understanding of the complexity of the biogeochemical processes in coastal re-gion, a 2D model has been developed. This model couples hydrodynamic forcing generated bythe tide and the transport-reaction processes of biogeochemical species. Di- scharge of the tideinto the variably-saturated porous media is modelled by Richards equation. Some numerical me-thods are required for solving this kind of complex problem, as Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin(SUPG) method and shock capturing method. The highly dynamical site of the Truc-Vert beach hasbeen chosen as reference field, mainly because of avalaible biogeochemical and hydrodynamicalstudies. The input parameters of the model come from these field data (ANR PROTIDAL and MO-BISEA projects) and from the bibliography. The validation of the model was made in regards oftwo case studies from published hydrodynamic simu- lations under tidal forcing and from avaliabletransport-reaction solutions. A first version of the model has been declined to describe silicic acidevolution into porous media under tidal forcing. The flux of the silicic acid to the ocean and theresidence time of silicic acid into permeable sandy sediments were estimated. After some days, weobserve the formation of a lens of low silicic acid concen- tration in the upper part of the intertidalzone. This lens is the main imprint of the tidal forcing. We studied also variations of the lens geo-metry and the residence time under influence of model parameters, such as the beach slope, the tideamplitude and the dispersion coefficient. A second version of the model describes the organic mat-ter degradation , and simulates the concentrations of oxygen, nitrates and phosphates. The modelreproduces the spatial (2D) and temporal distribution of the concentration of these different che-mical species into the sediment. Nowadays environmental problems are fondamental for our societyand the understanding of the sediment-ocean interactions is a crucial step. The new model allowsus a better understanding of the tidal impact on biogeochemical processes in permeable sediments and offers a quantitative approach on biogeochemical processes that occur into variably-saturatedsandy sediments. The model also offers a useful tool to optimize sampling strategy for field studies