Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Transition path identification“

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations now allow us to create movies of proteins folding and unfolding. However, it is difficult to assess the accuracy of the folding mechanisms observed because experiments cannot yet directly resolve events occurring along the transition paths between unfolded and folded states. Protein folding ϕ-values provide residue-resolved information about folding mechanisms by comparing the effects of mutations on folding rates and stability, but determining ϕ-values by separately simulating mutant proteins would be computationally demanding and prone to large statistical errors. Here we use transition path theory to develop a method for computing ϕ-values directly from the transition path ensemble, without the need for additional simulations. This path-based approach uses the full transition path information available from equilibrium folding and unfolding trajectories, or from transition path sampling, and does not require identification of folding transition states. Applying our approach to a set of simulations of 10 small proteins by Shaw and coworkers [Lindorff-Larsen K, Piana S, Dror RO, Shaw DE (2011) Science 334(6055):517–520; Piana S, Lindorff-Larsen K, Shaw DE (2011) Biophys J 100(9):L47–L49; and Piana S, Lindorff-Larsen K, Shaw DE (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(15):5915–5920], we find good agreement with experiments in most cases where data are available. We can further resolve the contributions to fractional ϕ-values coming from partial contact formation versus transition path heterogeneity. Although in some cases, there is substantial heterogeneity of folding mechanism, in others, such as Ubiquitin, the mechanism is strongly conserved.

Power systems are transitioning toward having high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) with the help of flexibility resources. However, multiple flexibility resources on the generation, storage and demand sides introduce multiple technical and economic uncertainties, making the transition hard to predict. Moreover, the benefit of these resources in the transition is unclear. To fill these gaps, this paper proposes a data-driven approach to explore the transition to a high VRE share-oriented power system with multiple flexibility resources. This approach generates a wealth of possible transition paths under multiple uncertainties and then uses them to quantitatively analyze the transition. Specifically, the proposed method includes principal component analysis-based path visualization, multiple index-based transition milestone identification, cluster and distance calculation-based key influential factor identification, marginal index-based flexibility resource benefit comparison and Pareto frontier-based path recommendation. Case studies based on the Northwest China power system, which involves wind, photovoltaics and concentrated solar plants, validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and further indicate that flexibility resources increase rapidly with the growth of the VRE share. Of the multiple flexibility resources, storage contributes the most. Key influential factors include the capital cost of VRE and storage along with coal price. These factors should be the focus in a low-cost and low-carbon transition.

In the context of rural revitalization, identifying the functional characteristics of rural homesteads and clarifying the relationship among various functions are important scientific issues for the transformation of homestead utilization. Taking Jilin Province as an example, this paper analyzes the problems existing in rural homestead utilization from the aspects of quantitative characteristics, human–land matching degree, and the current situation of idle homesteads. An evaluation index system is constructed to measure the functional values of homesteads to identify the advantageous functions of homesteads. The results are as follows: (1) in some areas of the Jilin Province, the per capita homestead area is relatively large, with a high vacancy rate, and there is a phenomenon of inefficient use of homesteads, (2) according to the calculation results of the homestead functional index, the overall performance of the four functions of rural homesteads is in the order of living function > security function > production function > asset function, indicating that traditional living function remains predominant in the study area, (3) based on the relationship between the comprehensiveness and coordination of the four functions of homesteads, villages are classified into “moderate optimization area”, “key improvement area”, “collaborative optimization area”, and “potential improvement area”.

In the context of providing sustainable energy, it is necessary to expand access to reliable and affordable sources of energy supply. In other hand to restore confidence in the renewable energy sector, and ensure the sustainability of renewable energy projects in the future, it is very important to map the renewable energy potential. PLN, as the official institution appointed by the government to manage electricity in Indonesia, has not been able to meet the needs of the people of Bantul Regency for electricity as a whole. This study aims to provide some insights of identify various types and potential of renewable energy in Bantul Regency as an alternative to electricity generation. The research methodology was carried out quantitatively using primary data, obtained by field survey. Through the process of identification and gathering pertinent data, an evaluation is conducted to estimate the potential of electrical energy derived from a variety of renewable energy sources.

Abstract With the rapid popularity of Internet and information technology, local area network is becoming insecure. Along with the improving advantages, security threats are emerging continually and bringing great pressure and challenges. An identification and analysis method for network real-time threats is proposed to accurately assess and master the current network security situation, and thereby preferably guide a dynamic defense. This method recognizes the current threats and predicts the subsequent threats by modeling attack scenarios and simulating attack state transferring. The threat identification model is called Attack State Transition Graph and Real-Time Attack State Graph, which is constructed by an Expanded Finite-State Automata. Based on the former possible threat paths, the state transitions can be illustrated and based on the latter, actually successful threats and threat paths are described. Then a threat identification algorithm is presented based on the above model. With this algorithm, various invalid threats are filtered; current valid threats are obtained by correlating the dynamic alarms with a static attack scenario. Further on, combining the Attack State Transition Graph with a Real-Time Attack State Graph, a possible next threat and a threat path can be identified and an attack target can also be predicted. Finally, the simulated results in an experimental network verify the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm. This method provides a novel solution to evaluate and analyze the network security situation.

This exploratory study aims to analyse the factors that influence subjective well-being of high school students. The purpose of the study is to formulate hypotheses about the impact of the situation of self-identification on the school students’ subjective well-being. The research is based on 14 interviews with school students in 10th and 11th grades. These interviews showed how adolescents perceive the situation of transition from the status of schoolchildren to the status of school graduates, what aspects of this transition cause anxiety and stress, and what changes in the behavior and everyday life of schoolchildren are caused by the need to make educational and life choices. The results suggest that in schools with a highly competitive environment, in which students have higher educational aspirations, the stress from self-determination and planning for the future in adolescents is higher than in schools with a less competitive environment. The obtained data place the subjective well-being of the high schoolchild in a broader context of life path design and allow to formulate a hypothesis that it is the need to solve the age-related problem of self-determination that has a decisive influence on the experiences of adolescents of this age. Understanding how well-being is related to the characteristics of this transitional stage in adolescents’ life, on the one hand, and social factors, on the other, creates the basis for further analysis: identifying risk groups of schoolchildren, studying and revising strategies to improve their well-being.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes efficaces pour caractériser les conformations des molécules à un niveau quantique. Différentes méthodes dédiées au calcul de l'énergie potentielle d’une molécule sont examinées, ainsi que les schémas d'exploration globale des surfaces d'énergie potentielle (SEP) les plus populaires sont présentés. Une contribution clé de cette thèse est le couplage de la méthode IGLOO (Iterative Global exploration and LOcal Optimization), inspirée de la robotique, mise en œuvre dans le logiciel MoMA, avec le potentiel basé sur la “Density-Functional based Tight-Binding” (DFTB), implémenté dans le logiciel deMonNano. IGLOO intègre l'algorithme de planification de mouvement “Rapidly-exploring Random Trees” (RRT) avec des optimisations locales de l’énergie et un filtrage des structures. Une preuve de concept a été réalisée par l'identification des conformations de basse énergie de la molécule de d'alanine dipeptide.Le couplage IGLOO/DFTB a été appliqué à la cartographie des SEP de trois molécules de taille proche de la famille des phtalates (dibutyl phtalate DBP, benzyl butyl phtalate BBP et di-2-éthylhexyl phtalate DEHP), donnant un aperçu détaillé de leurs différents paysages conformationnels. Divers descripteurs géométriques ont été utilisés pour analyser leurs relations structure-énergie. Les interactions de Coulomb, l'encombrement stérique et les interactions dispersives sont à l'origine des propriétés géométriques et une forte corrélation a été mise en évidence entre les deux angles diédraux décrivant l'orientation des chaînes latérales des molécules de phtalate.En complément, un algorithme innovant pour la génération à grande échelle de molécules, incluant une variété de conformations, est présenté. Il combine la génération de graphes de molécules avec des techniques d'ajout d'atomes ou de fragments. Il est appliqué pour fournir une vaste base de données de structures 3D de molécules de carbone amorphe hydrogéné (a-CH). L'analyse de la base de données générée dans cette étude permet de comprendre la relation entre les descripteurs géométriques et électroniques des structures a-C:H. Ces propriétés sont comparées à celles des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) compacts et des chaînes linéaires, qui représentent des cas limites.Enfin, une revue des méthodes visant à identifier les points de selle et les chemins de transition entre les conformations de faible énergie sur la SEP est présentée. Une première étape pour l'identification des chemins de transition entre les conformations de faible énergie à l'aide d'un algorithme de planification de mouvement, connu sous le nom de Transition-based RRT (T-RRT), est présentée. Une mesure de similarité, désignée sous le nom de Symmetrized Segment-Path Distance (SSPD), est utilisée pour comparer les trajectoires générées. Ensuite, une technique de regroupement, à savoir Analyse de regroupement hiérarchique (HCA), est employée pour regrouper les trajectoires afin d'identifier les classes de chemin donnant la dynamique des changements de conformation. La méthodologie a été appliquée avec succès à l'identification de chemins à faible énergie entre deux minima de la SEP de l’alanine dipeptide.Dans l'ensemble, les travaux présentent des avancées significatives dans l'exploration de SEP de molécules complexes au niveau quantique, y compris (i) le couplage IGLOO/DFTB (ii) un nouvel algorithme pour la génération de structures 3D de molécules à grande échelle et (iii) un schéma original permettant l'identification de multiples chemins de transition. Des corrélations entre les propriétés structurelles, énergétiques et électroniques ont été mises en évidence pour les molécules polluantes de la famille des phtalates ainsi que pour les a-CH ayant une importance du point de vue astrophysique. Ces contributions ouvrent la voie à de futures recherches visant à étendre ces méthodes à des systèmes plus grands et plus complexes
The primary aim of this thesis is to develop efficient methods for characterizing molecular conformations at a quantum level. Various methods devoted to the computation of molecular potential energy are reviewed, as well as the most popular potential energy surfaces (PES) global exploration schemes. In this context, a key contribution of this thesis is the coupling of the robotics-inspired Iterative Global exploration and LOcal Optimization (IGLOO) method, implemented in the MoMA software, with the quantum Density-Functional based Tight-Binding (DFTB) potential, implemented in the deMonNano software. The IGLOO algorithm integrates the motion planning Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm with local optimization and structural filtering. A proof of concept has been done through the identification of low-energy conformations of the alanine dipeptide.The IGLOO/DFTB coupling has been applied to the mapping of the PES of three close-sized molecules of the phthalate family (dibutyl phthalate DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate BBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate DEHP), providing detailed insights into their different conformational landscapes. Various geometrical descriptors have been used to analyze their structure-energy relationships. Coulomb interactions, steric hindrance, and dispersive interactions have been found to drive the geometric properties and a strong correlation has been evidenced between the two dihedral angles describing the side-chains orientation of the phthalate molecules. The results demonstrate the method's capability to identify low-energy minima without prior knowledge of the PES.Furthermore, an innovative algorithm for the large-scale generation of molecular structures, including a conformational variety, is presented. It combines molecular graph generation with atom or fragment addition techniques. It is applied to provide an extensive database of 3D structures of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-CH) molecules. The analysis of the database generated in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the geometrical and electronic descriptors of a-C:H structures. These properties are compared with those of compact Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and linear chains, representing limit cases.Finally, a review is given on methods aiming at identifying saddle points and transition paths between low-energy conformations on the PES. A first step toward the identification of transition paths between low-energy conformations using a motion planning algorithm, known as Transition-based Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (T-RRT), is presented. A similarity measure, designated as the Symmetrized Segment-Path Distance (SSPD), is used to compare the generated trajectories. Subsequently, a clustering technique, namely the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), is employed to group similar trajectories in order to identify the common pathways, thereby providing valuable insights into the dynamics of conformational changes. The methodology has been successfully applied to the identification of low-energy paths between two minima of the alanine dipeptide PES.Overall, the research presents significant advancements in the exploration of complex molecular PES at a quantum level including (i) the IGLOO/DFTB coupling (ii) a novel algorithm for 3D structure generation of large-scale molecules and (iii) an original scheme allowing for the identification of multiple transition paths. Correlations between the structural, energetic and electronic properties have been evidenced for the polluting phthalate molecules and astrophysically relevant hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-CH) molecules. These contributions pave the way for future research, aiming to extend these methods to larger and more complex systems

The development of techniques to simulate infrequent events has been an area of rapid progress in recent years. In this chapter, we shall discuss some of the simulation techniques developed to study the dynamics of rare events. A basic summary of the statistical mechanics of barrier crossing is followed by a discussion of approaches based on the identification of reaction coordinates, and those which seek to avoid prior assumptions about the transition path. The demanding technique of transition path sampling is introduced and forward flux sampling and transition interface sampling are considered as rigorous but computationally efficient approaches.

Sustainability and resilience have become indispensable parts of the contemporary debate over the built environment. Although recognised as imperatives, the complexity and the variety of interpretations of sustainability and resilience have raised the necessity to again rethink their notion in the context of the built environment and to reframe the state-of-the-art body of knowledge. The book Sustainability and Resilience: Socio-Spatial Perspective so begins with the exploration of the broadest conceptual frame-of-reference of issues related to sustainability, and the re-establishment of the connection between the built environment and the conditions that are vital to its functioning, primarily in relation to energy, land use, climate, and economy. Subsequent discussion on resilience as a term, approach, and philosophy aims to conceptualise an interpretation of key resilience concepts, explain relationships and links among them, and propose the classification of resilience as applicable to the context of urban studies. By studying the processes of transition of the built environment, the book then reveals a coherent formula of ‘thinking sustainability + resilience’ aimed at improving the ability to respond to disruptions and hazards while enhancing human and environmental welfare. The necessity to integrate the two approaches is further accented as a result of a deliberative discourse on the notions of ‘social sustainability’, ‘sustainable community’, and ‘socio-cultural resilience’. The potential of measuring sustainable development and urban sustainability on the basis of defined social, human, and, additionally, natural and economic values is presented though an overview of different wellknown indicators and the identification of a currently relevant tangible framework of sustainable development. Correspondingly, the role of policies and governance is demonstrated on the case of climate-proof cities. In this way, the consideration of approaches to sustainability and resilience of the urban environment is rounded, and the focus of the book is shifted towards an urban/rural dichotomy and the sustainability prospects of identified forms-in-between, and, subsequently, towards the exploration of values, challenges, and the socio-cultural role in achieving sustainability for rural areas. In the final chapters, the book offers several peculiarised socio-spatial perspectives, from defining the path towards more resilient communities and sustainable spaces based on a shared wellbeing, to proposing the approach to define community resilience as an intentional action that aims to respond to, and influence, the course of social and economic change, to deliberating the notion of a ’healthy place’ and questioning its optimal scale in the built environment. The study of sustainability and resilience in this book is concluded by drawing a parallel between environmental, economic, and social determinants of the built environment and the determinants that are relevant to human health and well-being.

AbstractThe transition to a circular economy (CE) offers an alternative path to the current linear, high-polluting, and wasteful practices in construction. In this context, there is a growing interest in studying the potential environmental benefits of extending the lifespan of renewably-sourced wood-based building products through reuse. However, most publications still fail to present a conceptually integrated and comprehensive view of the topic that allows for a broader understanding of its possibilities and challenges. This paper assesses two decades of literature on DfD&R of timber in construction. It develops a comprehensive state-of-the-art framework about the topic, unveiling its most critical challenges, trends, and pressing knowledge gaps. The outcomes of this work contribute to determining more integrated strategies and decision-making tools that could point to further development in the field of timber construction from a DfD&R standpoint, thus facilitating the transition to a CE.

Abstract This chapter highlights that despite the large body of existing literature on community-based tourism there is a lack of research adopting a degrowth perspective, as well as those conditions in which degrowth can happen in the case of community-based tourism. Based on the negligence of past research, the chapter explores the potentialities and limitations of community-based tourism experiences in Central America from the perspective of a socioecological transition. The chapter analyses three community-based tourism initiatives in three Latin American countries: Cooperativa Los Pinos (El Salvador), Ecoposada El Tisey (Nicaragua) and Stribrawpa (Costa Rica), and highlights both their commercial success and their potential to show possible emancipatory paths. In doing so, in-depth interviews were conducted with the members of the three initiatives, and systematization of their main characteristics and results, as well as the identification of the adopted strategies, were reviewed in order to be considered as examples for a debate on how tourism can be rethought in a degrowth perspective.

Abstract This chapter highlights that despite the large body of existing literature on community-based tourism there is a lack of research adopting a degrowth perspective, as well as those conditions in which degrowth can happen in the case of community-based tourism. Based on the negligence of past research, the chapter explores the potentialities and limitations of community-based tourism experiences in Central America from the perspective of a socioecological transition. The chapter analyses three community-based tourism initiatives in three Latin American countries: Cooperativa Los Pinos (El Salvador), Ecoposada El Tisey (Nicaragua) and Stribrawpa (Costa Rica), and highlights both their commercial success and their potential to show possible emancipatory paths. In doing so, in-depth interviews were conducted with the members of the three initiatives, and systematization of their main characteristics and results, as well as the identification of the adopted strategies, were reviewed in order to be considered as examples for a debate on how tourism can be rethought in a degrowth perspective.

AbstractIn this chapter we consider the afterlife of the remains of unidentified migrants who have died while attempting to cross the Mediterranean from Albania and North Africa to Italy. Drawing on insights from long-term, multi-sited field research, we outline paths taken by human remains and consider their multiple agencies and distributed personhood through the relational modalities with which they are symbolically and materially engaged at different scales of significance. The rising number of migrant deaths related to international crossings worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean, has stimulated a large body of scholarship, which generally relies upon a hermeneutics of secular transitional justice and fraternal transnationalism. We explore an alternative approach by focusing on the material and ritual afterlife of unidentified human remains at sea, examining the effects they have on their hosting environment. The treatment of dead strangers (across the double threshold constituted by the passage from life to death on the one hand and the rupture of exile on the other) raises new questions for the anthropology of death. We offer an interpretation of both ad hoc and organized recovery operations and mortuary practices, including forensic identification procedures, and collective and single burials of dead migrants, as acts of hospitality. Hosting the dead operates at different scales: it takes the politically charged form of memorialization at the levels of the state and the local community; however, while remembrance practices for dead strangers emphasize the latter’s status as a collective category, forensic technologies of remembrance are directed toward the reconstruction of (in)dividual personhood. These ritual and technological processes of memorialization and re-attachment together awaken ghosts of Italian fascism and colonialism.

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the ongoing development and work of a local consortium of post-secondary educators, correctional administrators, and community members who aim to bring education programs to local prisons and jails. The authors contend that bringing post-secondary education programs to prison and preparing people who are incarcerated for successful transition to their home communities is a local responsibility as well as a grassroots endeavor. Although such a project necessitates careful attention to local conditions and resources, the authors have identified overarching strategies that can benefit any community thinking about similar projects. This chapter offers readers insight into identification of the need for such a consortium in their community, network-building strategies, and an overview of successes, challenges, and the path forward.

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the ongoing development and work of a local consortium of post-secondary educators, correctional administrators, and community members who aim to bring education programs to local prisons and jails. The authors contend that bringing post-secondary education programs to prison and preparing people who are incarcerated for successful transition to their home communities is a local responsibility as well as a grassroots endeavor. Although such a project necessitates careful attention to local conditions and resources, the authors have identified overarching strategies that can benefit any community thinking about similar projects. This chapter offers readers insight into identification of the need for such a consortium in their community, network-building strategies, and an overview of successes, challenges, and the path forward.

Plant disease identification is the study based upon the fact of patterns. Plant diseases make production more difficult to produce. To avoid losses in agricultural productivity and quantity, disease detection is used. Deep learning can help to avoid the problems of manually choosing disease spot features, raise the accuracy of plant disease extracting features, and increase speed scientific and innovation transition. The combination of increased smartphone usage and deep learning-enabled advancements in computer vision has paved the path for smartphone-assisted virus diagnosis. We used images to train the data and perform the CNN algorithm. One of the key concerns that determines the deficit of harvest production and agricultural production is the detection and discovery of plant diseases. Plant infection investigations are the examination of any visible focus in any part of the plant that aids us in distinguishing any two plants, in particular any spots or shading conceals. One of the most important factors in the horticultural turn of events is the plant's ability to be maintained. It's exceedingly difficult to get the appropriate identifiable proof of plant illnesses. The recognizable proof of illness needs considerable effort and experience, as well as extensive understanding of plants and the research into the diseases' identification.

What to expect after the child birth. A healthy newborn is considered as priority, but postnatal care counts too. It is not always that story ended up with safe child birth; mother is still at high risk if not taken care after birth. Antenatal and intra natal period are the hardest part of a life span of a pregnant women. Mandatory Antenatal visits and maternal and child health services provided by the government with hand holding national programs and schemes have converted this tough path into smooth platform. Similarly postnatal period is equally important in the life of a new mother. The transition has already been set up by creating fourth stage of pregnancy instead of traditional three stages. Several studies have observed complications in postnatal period especially Primary PPH but very minimal studies had concentrated on Secondary PPH. Over and above there are no significant and standardized guidelines made available for the health workers to define the set limits of blood loss and management of secondary PPH. The condition becomes more critical when severe secondary PPH came for the hospitalization when the exact cause and associated factors remains often unknown. Also many postpartum infections emerge 24 hours after the delivery and discharge from hospital. Consequently, in the lack of proper knowledge and skills regarding identification of postnatal complications like secondary PPH and Puerperal infection, many cases go undiagnosed and unreported. This chapter will deals with the skills of the ground level workers required to identify and manage selected high risk complications in postnatal period.

Contrary to managerial habits expressed by the statement of an objective or a demand for immediate solutions defined a priori according to a deterministic paradigm, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis induced a reversal of thought and the transition to a constructivist paradigm. This approach, which integrates hazards uncertainty (the path is made by walking), promotes an identification of problems independent of any anticipation of solutions. Thus, it leads to a Knowledge-Based Management without a representation of a predefined world. Organizations become sociotechnical systems, which are condemned to a permanent transformation. The cooperation and the mobility become dominant ways of work, which rests on a permanent personal and collective learning. Beyond the information processed in the digital information systems, the creative power of the tacit knowledge, which is in each individual’s brain, cannot be ignored. Decision-makers are confronted to unknown situations, and managers placed in hybrid (face-to-face and remote) working modes have to pass from a posture of authority and of control to a posture of incitation, of support, and of accompaniment. The models that are introduced in this chapter result from a constructivist and sociotechnical vision of knowledge management. They emphasize the role of tacit knowledge in the “age of new normal.”

This chapter provides an introduction and brief overview on major themes in mortuary archaeology and bioarchaeology in southeastern Arabia. This context sets the stage for the subsequent chapters, which focus on identification of transitions in mortuary practice and bioarchaeological inquiry in this region.

In this paper an adaptive axial force control for gun drilling of small drilling diameters is presented. The system is applicable to CNC drilling and gun drilling machine tools, which are equipped with a fast analog NC input and an axial force measurement system. An online identification algorithm discretely investigates the actual transfer function of the control path. Based on this information proper controller parameters are allocated. Experimental tests of the adaptive control system show the functionality in drilling a material transition from steel 100Cr6 into cast iron ADI 800 and exemplary illustrate the disturbance reaction, introduced by activated changes of the path behavior.

Abstract In the first part of the paper, surge signatures and the underlying mechanisms thereof for a high-speed centrifugal compressor were investigated using signals from fast-response transducers installed along the flow path. The compressor surge signature is observed to vary as the impeller inlet tip flow transitions from subsonic to supersonic conditions. Spike-type deep surge is observed at subsonic and supersonic impeller inlet tip conditions while modal-type mild surge occurs at 90% speed with transonic inlet tip conditions. In Part 2 of the paper, a detailed analysis of the static pressure rise characteristics at the stage, component, and subcomponent levels is conducted. Additionally, the influence of the impeller inlet conditions on the instability are also considered. A connection between the surge mechanism and component static pressure rise characteristics is shown which exhibits the potential for prediction of the stall inception mechanism including identification of the destabilizing component. Furthermore, the transition from subsonic to transonic impeller inlet conditions is shown to be the cause of the unique mild surge instability at 90% speed. Lastly, both experimental and computational results are utilized to investigate the development of a shock wave at the impeller leading edge. The shock is considered to be critical to stage stability at speeds where the compressor experiences transonic inlet conditions.

Abstract Oil and Gas industry is seeking new ways to improve efficiencies, reducing operating costs and increasing revenues in the current volatile market conditions. Data Science and all the new emerging technologies enable the discovery of new opportunities and digitalization is a vital element for making business more effective and efficient. While COVID19 has disrupted the world, ADNOC Onshore has recognized the importance of reskilling and empowering the future workforce through strategic enterprise data science and analytics program to achieve 2030 smart growth strategy. This paper talks about successful approach and enablers for development of in-house capability for transformation that lead to generating significant business value The digital transition can pose both challenges and opportunities in this transformation. ADNOC ONSHORE has developed an integrated framework to encourage and accelerate data science capabilities. This framework promotes a vision with collaborative, sustainable mechanisms to develop talent. It is not just the formal learning and additional professional qualification that make it possible to build this in house capability. There are five major areas are enabled this framework such as data science & analytics skills competency model, sustainable on-line collaborative learning program, organizational culture change, democratizing AI through open platform & a digital business model for performing real business problems/use case PoCs. Each area has a detailed program and execution strategy with a collaborative effort from technical and non-technical stakeholders. ADNOC ONSHORE has successfully implemented this framework and able to certify 20 employees as part of this program. The Data Science Competency Model identified and defined the skills required to be successful within the enterprise with a clear learning path and mentorship. The leadership played a pivotal role to encourage data driven decision making and predictive capabilities in addition to executive awareness to lead the change with clear performance indicators. By democratizing AI platform across upstream user community, six real business cases have been successfully developed with clear business value in subsurface and production workflows according to the defined digital business model. The successful business cases have improved efficiency by 75% in performing cement & corrosion log interpretation & well portfolio optimization. Data driven analytics have been evaluated in subsurface workflows such as infill location optimization, gas-lift candidate identification and they have complemented the existing techniques. The framework has been successfully extended to other group companies in ADNOC. The rapid growth of AI in business in the last five years presents an opportunity for oil and gas professionals for enhancing the skills and transformation. This paper talks about an integrated framework, learning path, democratizing AI, engagement of leadership, digital business model for business case evaluation by applying agile way of working and sustainable value creation.

Abstract Several techniques are currently used for the noncontact thickness mapping of thin-walled structures, which include laser contour mapping and electrical capacitance measurement, but very few methods are available when one side of the structure is not accessible. A popular technique when only one side of the structure is accessible is the use of ultrasonics in either a resonance approach or a through transmission approach. This study will focus on the use of the through transition approach using ultrasonic guided waves transmitted and received by Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) in thin aluminum and steel plates. To validate results a Fourier analysis was preformed verifying thickness resonant frequencies predicted by dispersion curves. Because the medium is a thin plate, symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb waves as well as shear horizontal waves are the candidates for analysis in the thickness measurements. The EMATs are used for both transmission and reception of guided waves of different types. The major challenge with this type of transducers is power requirement which is achieved with the high-power ultrasonic pulse generator and a transformer circuit. The temporal difference in transmitted and received signals of various wave types were used to calculate the average ultrasonic speed of propagation in several regions of the plates. The speed of propagation is a function of plate thickness as well as several physical parameters, allowing an average thickness to be calculated over the path of the guided waves. These values can then used to produce a map of the thickness over the entire structure as a precursor to the identification and localization of damage in thin-walled structures such as large scratches, corrosion pitting, and holes. If further quantization of plate thickness is desirable, the guided waves can be explored in several orientations allowing for a finer map of sound speeds over the plate to be created. Guided wave thickness calculations where preformed on both steel and aluminum plates proving the validity of the approach to both ferrous and non-ferrous metals while providing accuracy and precision values for the methodology and hardware used. This is in preparation for future work detecting both uniform and pitting type corrosion using similar techniques.

This paper shows the importance of identifying strategic walkable routes, with the aim of contributing to the health and a socio-environmental transition for the population and territory of Recife, with a focus on its Central area. The study is part of a multidisciplinary scientific initiation research proposal involving the areas of architecture, urbanism and computing. The set of strategic routes for pedestrians, here understood as a “phy-gital walkability platform”, considers the possibility of combining “physical walking” with “digital navigation” through streets and urban routes by automating and georeferencing the process of identifying walkable paths. The results obtained demonstrate the advances in the process of identification, representation and automation of the aforementioned walkability platform. Keywords: street, walkable route, socio-environmental transition, health and sustainable mobility. Este artigo ressalta a importância de se identificar rotas estratégicas caminháveis, com o objetivo de contribuir para a saúde e transição socioambiental da população e território do Recife, com foco na sua área Central. O estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica multidisciplinar envolvendo as áreas de arquitetura, urbanismo e computação. O conjunto das rotas estratégicas para pedestres, aqui entendidas como “plataforma para caminhabilidade fi-gital”, considera a possibilidade de unir o “caminhar físico" com o “navegar digital” pelas ruas e rotas urbanas ao automatizar e georreferenciar o processo de identificação das ruas que precisam ser prioritariamente caminháveis. Os resultados obtidos demonstram os avanços no processo de identificação, representação e automatização da “plataforma para caminhabilidade” citada. Palavras-chave: rua, rota caminhável, transição socioambiental, mobilidade saudável e sustentável.

Abstract Exploration activities across the world's mature oil basins face increasing challenges as usually the remaining plays include subtle traps with strong stratigraphic components, situated in areas with well-established oil sources, timing and migration paths. The advancement of seismic acquisition and processing coupled with inversion, frequency enhancement and rock modeling provides sharper images of different seismic events, ultimately related to changes in the studied rock. These resulting images, illuminated the potential trapping mechanisms and the identification of new exploration prospects when incorporated with sedimentological, tectonic and paleo-geomorphological models based on well data. Recent exploration success and subsequent field development in the offshore Dubai study area (Figure 1) has demonstrated a highly complex setup in both structural and sedimentological terms. This new play is a fringing reef belonging to a late Thamama cycle located on the flank of one of Dubai's major fields. In this area the legacy seismic from the 90's had defined a potential field closure which has proven to be more complex under the light of the latest 2019 seismic acquisition campaign and initial development results. Regional faulting shows sealing capacity over a specific direction making additional entrapment possible and providing strong exploration potential. On the reservoir side, the rock facies clearly control the water saturation profiles; increasing the thickness of the transition zone by tens of feet towards the flank as seen in the development wells. Additionally, karsts and presence of open fractures created challenges for geosteering horizontal wells close to the reservoir roof and within a slim oil column. This paper illustrates the seismic interpretation of this subtle and complex reefal carbonate play, incorporating advanced seismic inversion products like Ji-Fi inversion (Joint Impedance – Facies Inversion), high definition frequency blends and advanced seismic attributes, combined with geological results. It will explain how these modern technologies helped in understanding this complex field in terms of its geomorphological setup and their impacts on field development strategies.