Dissertationen zum Thema „Transition Metal Borates“

Etude de la corrosion du cuivre en milieu acide (perchlorique acide) et saline (borate de sodium) par des techniques electrochimiques. Influence des especes sulfures sur la cinetique de corrosion des electrodes tournantes en cuivre

Vidros são materiais atraentes do ponto de vista científico e tecnológico, em especial porque algumas composições químicas permitem a fabricação em larga escala e/ou podem apresentar propriedades físico-químicas que os tornam candidatos promissores para aplicações como meio ativo para lasers, filtros ópticos, fibras ópticas, blindagens mecânicas ou como objeto de decoração ou utensílios domésticos ou como elemento para a construção civil, entre outras. Um dos desafios em preparar novas composições de materiais vítreos é garantir que não apareça o fenômeno da devitrificação. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de preparar e caracterizar uma nova matriz multicomponente, a base de óxido de boro, livre do fenômeno de cristalização. A matriz [50B2O3 - 15ZnO - 10PbO - 8MgO - 6K2O - 2Al2O3 - 2Nb2O5 - 5Si2O - 2Na2O] %wt pura e dopada com 0,1% mol de íons de metais de transição (MnO2, Fe2O3, CoO, NiO, CuO e CdCl2), foram preparadas em forno elétrico de atmosfera aberta usando cadinho de platina e caracterizadas usando as técnicas de: difração de raios X, análise térmica, densidade, pelo princípio de Arquimedes, microdureza Vickers, colorimetria, absorção óptica no intervalo ultravioleta-vísivel (UV-Vis) e transmissão óptica na região do infravermelho (FTIR). Resultados de difração de raios X confirmaram o caráter não cristalino das amostras vítreas. A adição de dopantes levou a mudança no número de coordenação na rede borato. Resultados de absorção óptica evidenciaram que a nova matriz desenvolvida com a adição de íons de metais de transição absorvem na região do visível e infravermelho próxima. Esses vidros tem potencial de aplicação na indústria de produtos decorativos e como filtros ópticos.
Glasses are attractive materials on a scientific and technologic point of view especially because some of their chemical compositions can provide a large scale production and/or may present physicochemical properties that them become promising candidates for applications as laser active environments, optical filters, optical fibers, mechanical shielding, adornment, domestic tools or construction stuff, among others. One of the challenges in preparing new compositions of glassy materials is to ensure that does not appear the phenomenon of devitrification. This work was carried out in order to prepare and characterize a new multicomponent glassy matrix, the basis of boron oxide, free from crystallization phenomenon. Pure glassy samples of [50B2O3 - 15ZnO - 10PbO - 8MgO - 6K2O - 2Al2O3 - 2Nb2O5 - 5Si2O - 2Na2O % wt] and 0.1% mol of transition metal ions (MnO2, Fe2O3, CoO, NiO, CuO e CdCl2) doped were prepared in open atmosphere electric furnace using platinum crucible and characterized using x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, density evaluation from Archimedes principle, Vickers microhardness measurements, colorimetry, UV-VIS optical absorption and IR optical transmission. X-ray diffraction results confirmed non-crystalline character of the vitreous samples. Dopants addition led to changing on the coordination number of the borate network. Optical absorption results showed that the new glassy matrix developed with addition of transition metal ions absorb in the visible and near infrared range. These glasses may have potential applications in decorative products and as optical filters.

Le manuscrit présente une étude approfondie sur l'hydrogénation/cyclisation de cyano-aminoboranes pour la synthèse de composés BN cycliques catalysée par un complexe de ruthénium. Le premier chapitre est une introduction bibliographique mettant en évidence l'intérêt des molécules BN cycliques et décrivant les étapes élémentaires clés dans les systèmes catalytiques impliquant l'activation de la liaison B-H et la réduction de la liaison CN menant, en particulier, à la formation d'une liaison B-N. On se concentrera sur la réactivité des complexes bis (dihydrogène), RuH2(H2)2(PR3)2, avec les liaisons B-H et CN. Le deuxième chapitre présente la synthèse et la caractérisation d'une série de cyano- aminoboranes ainsi que leur transformation catalytique en utilisant RuH2(H2)2(PR3)2 sous H2. Les 1H-2,1-benzazaboroles cycliques correspondants sont formés de manière sélective et caractérisés par RMN, IR, rayons X et HRMS. Le troisième chapitre détaille l'étude mécanistique sur le processus catalytique avec la découverte de quelques étapes élémentaires, l'isolement d'un complexe comportant le substrat en transformation et la compréhension des processus d'activation des liaisons B-H et C=N. Des réactions stœchiométriques, des expériences de RMN à température variable et des calculs théoriques seront notamment analysées. Le quatrième chapitre contient une étude du potentiel synthétique du parent 1H-2,1-benzazaborole nouvellement formé. Sa réactivité en conditions basiques ainsi que sa transformation catalytique en utilisant des procédés bien établis impliquant la rupture d'une liaison N-H sont évaluées. Le cas spécifique de la cyclotrimérisation des 1H-2,1-benzazaboroles en borazines cycliques est détaillé au chapitre 5 ainsi qu'une étude de leurs propriétés optoélectroniques
The manuscript presents an in-depth study on the ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation/cyclization of cyano-aminoboranes for the synthesis of cyclic BN-compounds. The first chapter is a bibliographic introduction highlighting the interest in cyclic BN-molecules and describing key elementary steps in catalytic systems involving B-H bond activation and CN bond reduction, leading in particular to B?N bond formation. A focus on the reactivity of the bis(dihydrogen) complexes, RuH2(H2)2(PR3)2, with B-H and CN bonds will be provided. The second chapter presents the synthesis and characterization of a series of cyano-aminoboranes along with their catalytic transformation using RuH2(H2)2 (PCy3)2 under H2. The corresponding cyclic 1H-2,1-benzazaboroles are cleanly formed and characterized by NMR, IR, X-ray, and HRMS. The third chapter details a mechanistic investigation on the catalytic process with the discovery of some elementary steps, the isolation of a complex featuring the substrate in transformation, and the understanding of the hydrogen transfer processes. Stoichiometric reactions, variable temperature NMR experiments and theoretical calculations will be in particular analyzed. The fourth chapter contains a study on the synthetic potential of the newly formed 1H-2,1-benzazaborole parent. Its reactivity in basic conditions as well as its catalytic transformation using well-established N-H bond cleavage systems are assessed. The specific case of cyclotrimerization of 1H-2,1-benzazaboroles into cyclic borazines is detailed in chapter 5 along with a study on their optoelectronic properties

Metal nanoclusters exhibit unique properties which differ from their bulk materials, owing to the quantum size effects. For example, the catalytic activity of transition metal nanoclusters generally increases with decreasing particle size. However, nanoclusters tend to be fairly unstable with respect to the agglomerate into bulk metal in solution and thus special precautions have to be taken to avoid their aggregation or precipitation during the preparation of such nanoclusters in solution. In order to obtain stable nanoclusters dispersed in solution, a stabilizing agent is usually added into the reaction system. The stabilization of metal nanoclusters in solution can be achieved either by electrostatically by using charged ions such as acetate ion or sterically by long chain molecules such as polymers. Polymers are one of the most widely used steric stabilizers for the preparation of stable metal nanoclusters in solution. The use of polymers as stabilizer for the synthesis of transition metal nanoclusters provides advantegous regarding solubility, conductivity, thermal stability and reusability. The metal nanoclusters stabilized by polymers generally show higher catalytic activity, stability and optical properties. In this dissertation we report the preparation and characterization of water soluble polymer stabilized transition metal(0) (metal= Ni, Co and Ru) nanoclusters and their v catalysis in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and ammonia borane (AB) which are the best candidates as chemical hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications. The water soluble polymer stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters were prepared by using two different facile methods
(i) the reduction of metal precursors by sodium borohydride in the presence poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in methanol solution after 1h reflux, (ii) the in situ generation during the hydrolysis of ammonia borane in the presence of poly(4-styrene sulfonicacid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-co-MA). The characterization of both type of polymer stabilized transition metal(0) nanoclusters were done by using UV-Visible electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR techniques. The catalytic activity of PVP stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters was tested in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 and AB. The catalytic acitivity of PSSA-co-MA stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters was tested only in the hydrolysis of AB in which they were in situ generated. The kinetics of hydrogen generation from both hydrolysis reactions in the presence PVP or PSSA-co-MA stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters were studied depending on the polymer to metal ratio, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration and temperature as well as the activation parameters (Arrhenius activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (

La richesse des couleurs des verres des vitraux médiévaux est un élément caractéristique des grandes cathédrales gothiques. La coloration du verre est principalement due à des ions de métaux, comme le cuivre, le fer et le cobalt, et dépend de paramètres de fabrication du verre, tels que sa composition chimique ou l’atmosphère du four de cuisson. Ces verres sont donc des témoins importants dans l’histoire des techniques verrières. Nous avons dans un premier temps réalisé une synthèse des compositions de verres médiévaux français publiées, afin de mieux cerner le lien entre leur évolution temporelle, leurs disparités régionales, et les matières premières utilisées. En profitant de la dépose de la Rose de la Cathédrale de Reims, nous avons utilisé un dispositif de spectroscopie optique portable spécialement conçu pour analyser de manière non-invasive la couleur des verres de ce vitrail majeur, ainsi que l’origine de leur coloration. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence la maîtrise par les verriers médiévaux de nombreux procédés de coloration, et la comparaison avec les verres issus de restaurations montre l’évolution des techniques de coloration et l’attention portée par les restaurateurs au respect des couleurs des verres anciens. Parmi ces couleurs, les verres incolores à pourpres sont colorés par un même mélange de manganèse et de fer. Grâce aux spectroscopies optiques et XANES, et la comparaison entre des verres médiévaux issus de réserves de l’État et des verres modèles les reproduisant, synthétisés par nos soins, nous avons pu montrer que la maîtrise des colorations incolores à pourpres résultait d’un contrôle des conditions oxydoréductrices de la cuisson des verres
Colour variety of medieval stained glass is a characteristic feature of gothic cathedrals. Glass colour results mainly from ions of metals such as copper, iron and cobalt, and depends on parameters from glass fabrication, like its chemical composition or the furnace atmosphere. These glasses are thus important witnesses in the history of glass technology. First, we summarised the reported French medieval glass compositions, to work out the relationship between their changes over time and geography and the prime materials that have been used. The restoration of the Rose of Reims Cathedral allowed us to use optical absorption spectroscopy, with a portable device specifically designed, to analyse in a non-invasive manner the glass colours of this major window and the origin of the colourations. We showed how medieval glassmakers mastered many colouration processes and comparison with glass from previous restorations showed the consideration of restorers for matching the colour of ancient glasses. Among the colours, colourless to purple glasses are all coloured by a mixture of iron and manganese. Thank to XANES and optical absorption spectroscopies, and to the comparison between medieval glasses from state reserves and reproduction glasses we synthesised, we show that mastering of colourless to purple colouring result from a smart control of the oxidoreductive conditions in the furnace during glassmaking

Es werden neue Erkenntnisse über Borphosphat und Borophosphate der Haupt- und Nebengruppenmetalle vorgestellt. Neben Hydrothermalsynthesen und Feststoffreationen, die üblicherweise zur Synthese von Borophosphaten angewendet werden, haben insbesondere die solvothermalen Experimente mit Alkoholen bzw. Alkohol-Wasser-Mischungen zu neuen Ergebnissen geführt. Es wurden neue Borophosphate und Borat-Phosphate in den Systemen MxOy–B2O3–P2O5(–H2O) (M = K+, Rb+, Mg2+, Sc3+, Pr3+, Sm3+, In3+) dargestellt, weitere Verbindungen enthalten neben Mg2+ weitere Kationen der Haupt- und Nebengruppenmetalle (Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn). Darüberhinaus gelang die Darstellung bislang unbekannter Scandium- und Lanthanphosphate(III) sowie von sauren Alkalimetall-Scandiumphosphaten(V). Aus Synthesen in Gegenwart von Ethylendiamin und Diazabizyklooktan wurden ferner zwei neue templatierte Scandiumphosphate mit porösen Gerüststrukturen erhalten. Die Kristallstrukturen aller Verbindungem wurden rötgenographisch anhand von Einkristallaufnahmen oder Pulverdaten aufgeklärt. Die Charakterisierung der Präparate erfolgte mit Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie, EDX- und Elementaranalysen sowie durch Schwingungsspektroskopie und thermische Stabilitätsuntersuchungen. Zur Klassifizierung von (Metallo)borophosphaten wird eine Struktursystematik vorgeschlagen, welche Borophosphate und Metalloborophosphate entsprechend ihrer anionischen Teilstrukturen hierarchisch klassifiziert und in Analogie zur Terminologie der Silikate (nach Liebau) beschreibt. In Anlehnung an bestehende Konzepte für Boratminerale geht das Klassifizierungsschema dabei von einfachen Oligomeren aus. In einer struktursystematischen Übersicht wurden alle bis dato bekannten (Metallo)Borophosphate hierarchisch klassifiziert und sind in einer Übersicht vorgestellt. Beobachtete Verknüpfungsregeln und der Einfluss der Zusammensetzung B:P auf die Dimensionalität und die Verknüpfungsmuster der anionischen Teilstruktur werden diskutiert.

On etudie la reactivite chimique de complexes polyhudrures de ruthenium apres activation thermique ou photochimique. Certains complexes pentamethylcyclopentadienyl sont egalement prepares et etudies en spectroscopie rmn du proton

Ni-Ni3B, Co-B, and Co-Ni-B nanocomposites decorated on carbon aerogel were successfully synthesized by adopting the solution impregnation method. The nanocomposites were characterized by powder XRD, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy . Although the as-prepared samples were found to be amorphous, upon annealing at higher temperatures, the catalysts turned crystalline and exhibited sharp and distinct peaks in the XRD pattern. The bright field TEM images and the high angle annular dark field images depicted that the metal nanocomposite particles were indeed dispersed on the carbon aerogel matrix which was further confirmed by TEM point and area EDS analysis and SEM area EDS analysis. When these catalysts were employed in the methanolysis of ammonia borane in different cat/AB wt% compositions, the catalytic activity was found to increase with increase in the concentration of the catalysts. Although the bare catalysts liberated three moles of H2 gas from AB, the supported catalysts evolved a maximum of 2.1 moles of H2 gas in the cat/AB = 0.5 by wt%. Moreover, catalytic activity of these catalysts was found to decrease in the order: Co- Co2B/CA< Ni-Ni3B/CA< Co-Ni-B/CA unlike the order observed in the case of bare catalysts. Recyclability of these catalysts was checked to determine the stability of these catalysts for longer runs. The Ni-Ni3B/CA and Co-Ni-B/CA catalysts showed considerable activity upto 8 cycles, whereas the Co-B/CA showed a significant drop in activity in the 4th cycle itself. Upon further characterization of the recovered catalysts upon recycling, it was found that the Co- B/CA catalyst got oxidised to Co3O4, while the Ni-Ni3B/CA and Co-Ni- B/CA catalysts remained partially oxidized and unoxidized respectively. Thus, the drop in the catalytic activity of the Co-B/ CA catalyst in comparison to the other catalysts during recyclability tests could be attributed to complete oxidation of the catalyst.

This thesis work is based on an investigation of intermediates involved in various metal mediated catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation, hydroboration, functionalization of methane etc. An intermediate dictates the energetics of the catalytic cycle of these reactions. Therefore, it is important to study such types of intermediates in order to design a better catalyst. These intermediates are called σ-complexes in which a σ-bond is coordinated to the metal center at some stage of the reaction coordinate. These species are rarely stable at ambient conditions which create difficulties in exploring their chemistry. Our aim is to study the effect of ancillary ligands on the coordination properties of a σ-bond ligand. We chose two different classes of σ-complexes – one contains a B–H σ-bond as a ligand, i.e., σ-borane complex and another contains a H–H σ-bond as a ligand, i.e., σ-dihydrogen complex. Both M–H–B and M–H2 interactions are 3-center-2-electron coordination bonds comprised of two bonding components. One is σ-donation, which is present in both and another is π-back donation from the metal center, which is negligible in the σ-borane complexes contrary to the σ-dihydrogen complexes. The bonding characteristics of M–H–B and M–H2 interactions suggest that an electron deficient metal center is necessary to study the σ-borane complexes with reasonable stability. Thus, we selected an early transition metal, i.e., Cr(0) bearing arene and CO ancillary ligands, for studying the σ-borane complexes. On the other hand, the cis-dihydrogen/hydride and cis-dihydrogen chloride complexes were studied on a late transition metal center, i.e., Ru(II) bearing phosphine and N–N bidentate ligands. Ammonia-borane is known to be a potential hydrogen storage material. Therefore, we picked up the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of this compound and intended to investigate the interaction between a metal center and the BH σ-bonds of amine-boranes. We characterized the σ-borane complexes [(η6-arene)Cr(CO)2(η1-H–BH2•NMe3)] (arene = fluorobenzene, benzene, and mesitylene), and observed an interesting correlation between the electronics and stability of these species. This was the first report of σ-borane systems possessing an η6-arene ligand. A prototype homobimetallic σ-borane complex, [(η6-C6H5CH2NMe2•BH2–HCr(CO)5)Cr(CO)3] was characterized using single crystal X-ray crystallography. An intramolecular σ-borane complex, (η1-(η6-C6H5CH2NMe2•BH2–H))Cr(CO)2 was found to possess an interesting chelation of the η6-arene, and BH coordination sites of its amine-borane moiety with the Cr(0) center. These σ-borane complexes showed an interesting dynamics in the binding interface between the metal center and the borane ligand. Free energy of activation (ΔG#) for this process was estimated to be 30-40 kJ/mol. To explore certain σ-dihydrogen complexes we investigated the chemistry of cis-dihydrogen/hydride complexes of Ru(II) bearing phosphine and N-N bidentate ligands cis,trans-[RuH(η2-H2)(PPh3)2(N-N)][OTf] (N-N = 2, 2′-bipyridyl, 2, 2′-bipyrimidine) in detail. In those cases, we established that the adjacent hydride ligand has large influence on the dihydrogen coordination. The η2-H2 and hydride ligands showed a single 1H NMR spectral signal due to fast site exchange among each other. We established the mechanism and calculated the free energy of activation (ΔG# = 8-13 kJ/mol) of this dynamics. These complexes were found to be stable at ambient conditions although, a labile dihydrogen ligand is present in the coordination sphere of the metal center. In fact, we could obtain the single crystals of cis,trans-[RuH(η2-H2)(PPh3)2(bpy)][OTf]. The molecular structure of a σ-complex in which a σ-bond (before it gets completely formed or broken) acts as a ligand is what fascinates this area in chemistry. A cis-dihydrogen chloride complex, cis,trans-[RuCl(η2-H2)(PPh3)2(bpm)][OTf] was characterized unambiguously using NMR spectroscopy. The H-H distance (dHH) for the η2-H2 ligand of these complexes were estimated to be 0.9-1.0 Å. We attempted to observe some σ-methane species spectroscopically at low temperatures. Unfortunately, these species were quite unstable for exhibiting the NMR spectral signals even at low temperatures. Nevertheless, we investigated the reactivity of cis,trans-[RuHX(PPh3)2(N-N)] (X = H, Cl; N-N = 2, 2′-bipyridyl, 2, 2′-bipyrimidine) towards a methylating agent, CH3OTf. This reaction resulted in methane evolution by the combination of the hydride ligand of a Ru(II) complex and the CH3+ moiety of CH3OTf. This reaction was carried out in a sealed tube inside a NMR probe at ~183 K and monitored for a long period of time; however, the methane bound metal species was not observed. Perhaps, the longevity of this class of σ-methane complex falls below the NMR time scale.

This thesis work is based on an investigation of intermediates involved in various metal mediated catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation, hydroboration, functionalization of methane etc. An intermediate dictates the energetics of the catalytic cycle of these reactions. Therefore, it is important to study such types of intermediates in order to design a better catalyst. These intermediates are called σ-complexes in which a σ-bond is coordinated to the metal center at some stage of the reaction coordinate. These species are rarely stable at ambient conditions which create difficulties in exploring their chemistry. Our aim is to study the effect of ancillary ligands on the coordination properties of a σ-bond ligand. We chose two different classes of σ-complexes – one contains a B–H σ-bond as a ligand, i.e., σ-borane complex and another contains a H–H σ-bond as a ligand, i.e., σ-dihydrogen complex. Both M–H–B and M–H2 interactions are 3-center-2-electron coordination bonds comprised of two bonding components. One is σ-donation, which is present in both and another is π-back donation from the metal center, which is negligible in the σ-borane complexes contrary to the σ-dihydrogen complexes. The bonding characteristics of M–H–B and M–H2 interactions suggest that an electron deficient metal center is necessary to study the σ-borane complexes with reasonable stability. Thus, we selected an early transition metal, i.e., Cr(0) bearing arene and CO ancillary ligands, for studying the σ-borane complexes. On the other hand, the cis-dihydrogen/hydride and cis-dihydrogen chloride complexes were studied on a late transition metal center, i.e., Ru(II) bearing phosphine and N–N bidentate ligands. Ammonia-borane is known to be a potential hydrogen storage material. Therefore, we picked up the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of this compound and intended to investigate the interaction between a metal center and the BH σ-bonds of amine-boranes. We characterized the σ-borane complexes [(η6-arene)Cr(CO)2(η1-H–BH2•NMe3)] (arene = fluorobenzene, benzene, and mesitylene), and observed an interesting correlation between the electronics and stability of these species. This was the first report of σ-borane systems possessing an η6-arene ligand. A prototype homobimetallic σ-borane complex, [(η6-C6H5CH2NMe2•BH2–HCr(CO)5)Cr(CO)3] was characterized using single crystal X-ray crystallography. An intramolecular σ-borane complex, (η1-(η6-C6H5CH2NMe2•BH2–H))Cr(CO)2 was found to possess an interesting chelation of the η6-arene, and BH coordination sites of its amine-borane moiety with the Cr(0) center. These σ-borane complexes showed an interesting dynamics in the binding interface between the metal center and the borane ligand. Free energy of activation (ΔG#) for this process was estimated to be 30-40 kJ/mol. To explore certain σ-dihydrogen complexes we investigated the chemistry of cis-dihydrogen/hydride complexes of Ru(II) bearing phosphine and N-N bidentate ligands cis,trans-[RuH(η2-H2)(PPh3)2(N-N)][OTf] (N-N = 2, 2′-bipyridyl, 2, 2′-bipyrimidine) in detail. In those cases, we established that the adjacent hydride ligand has large influence on the dihydrogen coordination. The η2-H2 and hydride ligands showed a single 1H NMR spectral signal due to fast site exchange among each other. We established the mechanism and calculated the free energy of activation (ΔG# = 8-13 kJ/mol) of this dynamics. These complexes were found to be stable at ambient conditions although, a labile dihydrogen ligand is present in the coordination sphere of the metal center. In fact, we could obtain the single crystals of cis,trans-[RuH(η2-H2)(PPh3)2(bpy)][OTf]. The molecular structure of a σ-complex in which a σ-bond (before it gets completely formed or broken) acts as a ligand is what fascinates this area in chemistry. A cis-dihydrogen chloride complex, cis,trans-[RuCl(η2-H2)(PPh3)2(bpm)][OTf] was characterized unambiguously using NMR spectroscopy. The H-H distance (dHH) for the η2-H2 ligand of these complexes were estimated to be 0.9-1.0 Å. We attempted to observe some σ-methane species spectroscopically at low temperatures. Unfortunately, these species were quite unstable for exhibiting the NMR spectral signals even at low temperatures. Nevertheless, we investigated the reactivity of cis,trans-[RuHX(PPh3)2(N-N)] (X = H, Cl; N-N = 2, 2′-bipyridyl, 2, 2′-bipyrimidine) towards a methylating agent, CH3OTf. This reaction resulted in methane evolution by the combination of the hydride ligand of a Ru(II) complex and the CH3+ moiety of CH3OTf. This reaction was carried out in a sealed tube inside a NMR probe at ~183 K and monitored for a long period of time; however, the methane bound metal species was not observed. Perhaps, the longevity of this class of σ-methane complex falls below the NMR time scale.