Bücher zum Thema „Transformers Reference“

Memories of Tiananmen: Politics and Processes of Collective Remembering in Hong Kong, 1989-2019 analyzes how collective memory regarding the 1989 Beijing student movement and the Tiananmen crackdown was produced, contested, sustained, and transformed in Hong Kong between 1989 and 2019. Drawing on data gathered through multiple sources such as news reports, digital media content, on-site vigil surveys, population surveys, and in-depth interviews with activists, rally participants, and other stakeholders, it identifies six key processes in the dynamics of social remembering: memory formation, memory mobilization, memory institutionalization, intergenerational transfer, memory repair, and memory balkanization. The book demonstrates how a socially dominant collective memory, even one the state finds politically irritable, can be generated and maintained through constant negotiation and efforts by a wide range of actors. While Memories of Tiananmen mainly focuses on the interplay between political changes and the Tiananmen commemoration in the historical period within which the society enjoyed a significant degree of civil liberties, it also discusses how the trajectory of the collective memory may take a drastic turn as Hong Kong’s autonomy is abridged. The book promises to be a key reference for anyone interested in collective memory studies, social movement research, political communication, and China and Hong Kong studies.

This chapter describes the use of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) by Kenyan courts. The chapter analyses fourteen cases in which Kenyan courts have made reference to the CRPD and finds that there is a steady increase in the usage of CRPD provisions by Kenyan courts, particularly since the coming into force of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010 which transformed Kenya into a monist state. The most widespread use of the CRPD is to support a decision that would have been reached anyway, based on other sources; however, in a few cases, the CRPD has significantly impacted on court judgments. The vast majority of references to the CRPD in court cases were references to specific CRPD articles including Articles 2, 4, 5, 12, 26, 27, 28 and 29. Kenyan courts are not currently engaging in a transnational dialogue regarding the CRPD.

This chapter examines changes in Acehnese lament dances, with particular emphasis on the ways in which aspects of religion, ethnicity, class, gender, sociopolitical conditions, and the activities of some remarkable individual women have enabled the survival of song-dances such as manoe pocuk, malelang, and phô over the past three to four centuries. It also considers how individual women have transformed the meaning and style of phô to become a symbol of female Acehnese identity. The manoe pocuk, malelang, and phô song-dances are performed at life-event ceremonies such as weddings, baby thanksgivings, circumcisions, and vow fulfillment ceremonies. A shaman assists the host of the feast to engage the services of a group of singer-dancers by uttering invocations before the betel-nut preparations are exchanged with the group's leader. The chapter shows how references to the indigenous religion and Hinduism are made in some performances of all three song-dances, but with phrases and references added that reflect the people's strong adherence to Islam.

ESC CardioMed is a ground-breaking initiative from European Society of Cardiology together with Oxford University Press that transforms reference publishing in cardiovascular medicine in order to better serve the needs of this rapidly advancing specialty. ESC CardioMed is an encyclopedic online resource covering more than 60 disciplines within cardiology. It will be updated online 3 times a year by the world’s leading clinicians, scientists, and researchers to reflect the latest in global cardiology. More than 1000 of the world’s leading specialists, ranging from researchers to clinicians, have contributed to this vast publication, ensuring a comprehensive and authoritative treatment of the field. ESC CardioMed is highly illustrated, with over 350 videos, helping readers to visualise key concepts. The publication is also linked to the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines in the European Heart Journal, providing the background information behind clinical practice.

Dharmaśāstric texts contain many references to material objects, and these things often play an important role in activities, prohibitions, penances, and punishments. Legal sources are often our best evidence for aspects of material culture. Studied alongside non-legal materials, we can learn more about the significance of these material objects, and enrich our picture of society more generally. Focusing on the case of the liquor-shop banner, the chapter explains how this sign was probably the only retail sign in ancient India. The sign advertised either the availability of fresh liquor or simply a place where liquor was sold. Communities who drank liquor and those who strictly avoided drink would have viewed it quite differently. Thus, the banner-carrying penitent was transformed into a walking liquor store—a noticeable mobile place to be conspicuously avoided by certain communities.

This chapter explores the way in which Kantian ideas have been adopted and transformed in contemporary international law and international theory, with the twofold aim of introducing some core topics on Kantian philosophy, cosmopolitanism, and international law, as well as demonstrating the importance of acknowledging different forms of cosmopolitanism at work in international law, thereby shedding new light on the ‘forgotten’ tradition of innate cosmopolitanism. The work of Kant not only occupies an important place in the history of ideas in international legal theory; his work also constitutes an enduring source of inspiration for widely diverging contemporary approaches to international law. On that note, the chapter references four core Kantian ideas incorporated in contemporary cosmopolitan thinking: the categorical imperative, the roughly contractual notion of a federation of free republics, the conception of a cosmopolitan right of hospitality, and the idea of an innate cosmopolitanism.

One of flamenco’s many palos, or forms, is the tango, which was transported as the tango de negros or tangos de Americas from Cuba to Spain in the mid-nineteenth century. There, it was transformed into the tango de gitanos and the tango flamenco, an action which disassociated it from its Africanist roots. In order to illustrate the consequences of omitting negro references to the tango in flamenco narratives, this chapter addresses the mechanisms of myth-making in the construction of identity as the Cuban tango was appropriated and subsumed into the flamenco repertoire. This chapter argues that despite the open acknowledgement of negro influences in southern Spanish dance in the early nineteenth century, negotiations during the development of Spain’s national identity affected the eventual denial of the tango as “negro” because concepts of negro were less valued as imperial commodities in Romantic discourses.

Este libro, no es un elenco de teorías sobre asesoramiento educativo. Lo que se ofrece, es una síntesis operativa que tiene como marco de referencia la Pedagogía del Nosotros que sirve de punto de apoyo al orientador o educador social para mejorar en su práctica como asesor educativo. La intención con este libro no es ofrecer los rasgos teóricos de las diversas escuelas de asesoramiento y modalidades de intervención. Lo que se busca es preparar profesionales de la educación que sepan conocerse a fondo y transformarse. Que sepan conocer a sus asesorados y sus conexiones. Que sepan discriminar lo fundamental y lo accesorio, y que sepan crear soluciones originales para ayudar a crecer a sus asesorados. En definitiva, se trata de ofrecer al asesoramiento educativo un punto de apoyo desde la Pedagogía del Nosotros

La necesidad de transformar los sistemas de salud en la Región de las Américas expone también la necesidad de contar con un marco de referencia regional que permita medir los avances de las políticas orientadas al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud y el logro de la salud universal. El Marco de monitoreo para la salud universal en las Américas ha sido elaborado con el objetivo de apoyar el análisis del progreso y el desempeño de las políticas públicas, la generación de evidencia y la toma de decisiones para transformar o fortalecer los sistemas de salud. Asimismo, su finalidad es integrarse en los procesos nacionales de planificación, monitoreo, evaluación y rendición de cuentas del progreso de los Estados Miembros en la puesta en práctica de las medidas recogidas en la resolución CD53.R14. Se espera que la aplicación de este marco contribuya a mejorar las políticas, así como al trabajo colaborativo y al aprendizaje en la Región. El documento ofrece pautas genéricas para que las unidades técnicas de las autoridades nacionales de salud las adapten según su propio contexto y necesidades. Las actividades propuestas podrían implementarse de manera integrada con el trabajo de cooperación técnica de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y las herramientas conexas desarrolladas a fin de fortalecer las capacidades de monitoreo, evaluación y análisis de los procesos de transformación de los sistemas de salud para avanzar hacia la salud universal en la Región de las Américas.

There are references to poxes and bloodletting elsewhere in The Alchemist, but Jonson uses the ordinary experience of barbering, and the familiar relationship between barber and patient, to ponder the dangers of the razor. By way of that razor, the scene highlights the problem of trust between these tricksters. Note that Face needs a shave but that he acknowledges the potential dangers of his cohort’s touch. Can he trust Subtle? Specifically, can he trust Subtle’s touch and his use of the blade? Or, in Face’s words, ‘And not cut my throat, but trim me?’ Although the play conducts us through urban marketplaces, alchemical fantasies, the laboratory and vice, Jonson evokes a medical setting and the familiar encounter between barber and patient (client) to present a highly charged moment of estrangement and negotiation. Barbering was ordinary, a part of hygiene and a means for securing health.2 But in this newly competitive environment of the marketplace, both the relation between barber and patient and the activities of the barber are potentially transformed.

Listening has always mattered in poetry, but how does poetry change when listening has been transformed? In Poetry and Listening: The Noise of Lyric, the field of sound studies, which has revolutionised research in contemporary music, is brought into dialogue with new lyric criticism. Examining poetry as mediated by performance, technology and translation, this book discovers how contemporary poetry has been re-energised by the influence of recorded sound and influenced by the creative methods that emerged with it. It offers an exploration of contemporary poetry’s acoustic contexts, moving beyond traditional analysis of poetic form to consider the social, political and ecological dimensions of a poem's sounds and silences. Through detailed discussion of innovative English-language poetry from the UK and USA, including works by Denise Riley, Sean Bonney, Caroline Bergvall, Mei-mei Berssenbrugge, Carol Watts, Claudia Rankine, Vahni Capildeo, Tom Raworth, Emma Bennett, Jonathan Skinner, Holly Pester, Tracie Morris, Hannah Silva, Rhys Trimble, Peter Hughes, Jeff Hilson and Tim Atkins, it argues for the centrality of listening to a form of composition in which language not only represents sonic experience but is part of it. With reference to Jean-Luc Nancy’s distinction between hearing and listening, alongside other key theorists of sound and noise, it shows how poetry offers insights into sensory perception, and how it charts acoustic relationships between language and the environment.

This book is an introduction into the way in which Europeans on the Continent and in the British Isles practised memory in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800. In early modern Europe the past served as a main frame of moral, political, legal, religious, and social reference for people of all walks of life. Because it mattered so much, it was also hotly contested, and subject to constant reinvention. Building on both existing studies and new primary research, the first aim of this book is to account for the omnipresence, importance, and changing uses of the past among early modern Europeans. Its second aim is to situate early modern memory more clearly in the memory studies field, and to show how relevant a better knowledge of early modern memory is to students and scholars who study memory practices in modern societies. Many scholars have argued that the age of revolutions at the end of the eighteenth century completely transformed the way in which Europeans experienced the past and came to think about the future. This book demonstrates that while some memory practices had indeed profoundly changed by 1800, this was not because of revolutionary rupture. Changes were gradual and did not put an end to traditional ways of thinking about the past; rather, old and new ways came to exist side by side, and, to a surprising extent, continue to do so to our own day.

The handbook is a reference work of thirty-two essays jointly written by specialists in the history of military and war and experts in gender and women’s history. The collection, covering four centuries from the Thirty Years’ War to the present Wars of Globalization, investigates how gender contributed to the shaping of warfare and the military and was at the same time transformed by them. The essays explore this question by focusing on themes such as the cultural representations of military and war; war mobilization of and war support by society; war experiences on the home fronts and battlefronts; gendered war violence; military service and citizenship; war demobilization, postwar societies, and memories; and attempts to regulate and tame warfare and prevent new wars. The volume covers chronologically the major periods in the development of warfare since the seventeenth century. Its content reflects the state of research on the history of gender and war. Therefore, the main geographical focus of the handbook in several chapters is on the best explored regions of eastern and western Europe, the Americas and Australia. But it also systematically covers the long-term processes of colonization and empire-building originating in early modern Europe and their aftermath in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia, which are more recent fields of research. Thus, the handbook allows for both temporal comparisons that explore continuities and changes in a long-term perspective and regional comparisons, as well as an assessment of transnational influences on the entangled relationships between and among gender, warfare, and military culture. All essays are thematic, comparative or transnational.

This book traces the emergence and spread of the choreomania concept through colonial medical and ethnographic circles, showing how fantasies of instability—and of the Oriental other—haunted scientific modernity. Scenes from the archives of medical history, neurology, psychiatry, sociology, religion, and popular journalism show how the discursive history of the ‘dancing mania’ moved and transformed with its translations throughout the colonial world. From antiquarian references to ancient Greek bacchanals and medieval St. Vitus’s dances, to scientific reperformances of early modern religious ecstasies, and American government anthropology, ‘choreomania’ arose to signal every sort of gestural and choreographic unrest. Village kermesses, revolutionary crowds, and neuromotor disorders—including hysteria, epilepsy, and chorea—were among the many unruly forms of locomotion indiscriminately compared to bacchanalian turmoil. So too, charges of spontaneous political agitation levied against demonstrators from Africa and South America to the South Seas reveal heightened anxieties about the spread of social disorder. Initially employed to describe ‘contagious’ popular dances, jerking movements, and convulsions, with decolonization, the ‘dancing disease’ increasingly described the fitful drama of anti-European revolt. Closely indebted to the work of Michel Foucault, this book opens a new chapter on the way we think epidemic madness and the organization and disorganization of bodies and disciplines in the modern age. Setting ideas about disruptively moving bodies at the heart of the scientific enterprise, this book argues that disciplines themselves were at once more porous and mobile than is commonly allowed, and that ‘dance’ itself has to be radically reimagined across fields.

Over 850 entriesThe Oxford Companion to Cheese is the first truly comprehensive reference work dedicated to the exploration of how four basic ingredients—milk, microorganisms, salt, and enzymes—are transformed into the more than fourteen hundred named cheese varieties enjoyed throughout the world. From cottage cheese to Camembert, from Gorgonzola to Gruyère, the Companion examines cheese on the farm, under the microscope, in the shop, and on the plate.More than just a pizza topping or cracker spread, cheese has been the founding capital of a few European banking systems, a religious sacrament, and an inspiration for writers and artists as far back as Homer. The Companion reveals these hidden depths in more than 850 wide-ranging entries. Here you will read about rightly famous cheeses, but also some that are not well known outside of their area of production, such as the traditional Turkish and Iranian cheeses ripened in sheep's or goat's skin. You will learn about animal species whose milk is commonly used (cow, goat, and sheep) and not so commonly used (yak, camel, and reindeer) in cheesemaking, as well as a few highly important breeds within each species (the Nubian goat or Lacaune sheep). You will explore regional cheesemaking traditions that date back millennia, and both ancient and modern cheesemaking technology and equipment. And you will delve into the vibrant interior world of cheese: the blooms, veins, sticky surfaces, gooey interiors, crystals, and yes, for some, the strong olfactory notes, are all due to microbial action and growth.To discuss cheese in its countless forms and contexts, the Companion enlisted 325 authors, including leading cheesemakers, mongers, dairy scientists, microbiologists, anthropologists, historians, journalists, archaeologists, and more, from backgrounds as diverse as cheese itself. This is the definitive guide to one of humankind's greatest discoveries.

When in 1905 the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature ‘for outstanding services as an epic writer’, it was his novel Quo vadis. A Narrative of the Time of Nero that motivated the committee to bestow this notable honour. The extraordinary international success of Quo vadis catapulted the author into literary stardom, placing him at the top of international league tables for the sheer quantity of his readers. But, before long, the historical novel began to detach itself from the person of its author and to become a multimedial, mass–culture phenomenon. In the West and East, Quo vadis was adapted for the stage and screen, provided the inspiration for works of music and other genres of literature, was transformed into comic strips and illustrated children’s books, and was cited in advertising and referenced in everyday objects of material culture. No work in English to date has explored in depth the mechanisms that released Quo vadis into mass circulation and the influence that its diverse spin-off forms exercised on other areas of culture—even on the reception and interpretation of the literary text itself. In the context of a robust scholarly interest in the processes of literary adaptation and classical reception, and set alongside the recent emergence of interest in the ‘Ben-Hur tradition’, this volume provides a coherent forum for a much-needed exploration, from various disciplinary and national perspectives, of the multimedial transformations of Quo vadis. Uniquely, also, for its English-speaking readers this collection of essays renders more visible the cultural conquests achieved by Poland on the world map of classical reception.

A lo largo de la historia, el resultado de la actividad industrial y la insostenibilidad de los modelos de producción han generado hábitos de consumo no responsables, explosión demográfica, pobreza en sectores urbanos, abandono del sector rural y establecimiento de modelos productivos extractivos; aspectos que han derivado en problemáticas ambientales que han impactado negativamente los ecosistemas y que han producido agotamiento paulatino de los recursos naturales, pérdida de biodiversidad, gestión inadecuada del recurso hídrico, de la energía y de los resi - duos sólidos producidos por el mismo sistema económico, el cual se ha centrado en la concepción de desarrollo como crecimiento económico. Por lo anterior, se evi - dencia la necesidad de transformar la situación descrita y llevar a cabo procesos educativos de manera más concreta, específicamente con los Proyectos Ambien - tales Escolares (PRAE), cuyo fortalecimiento ha constituido una política nacional a partir del Decreto 1743 de 1994. Teniendo en cuenta que la Universidad Libre, desde el Consultorio Ambiental, ha estado asesorando a instituciones educativas en este sentido, además de la experiencia adquirida a partir de los convenios con la Corporación Autónoma Regional, se plantea como objetivo general de investigación: implementar la es - trategia Ecoescuelas para la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el currículo y el fortalecimiento de los PRAE en instituciones educativas del departamento de Cundinamarca, involucrando aspectos de gestión pedagógica y ambiental. En este sentido, el libro es una recopilación de las experiencias significativas producto de los procesos de intervención y fortalecimiento de la dimensión ambiental, en el contexto de la investigación-acción participativa, cuyo fin es describir los resultados de aplicación de las herramientas de análisis y diálogo permanente entre los actores educativos desde su rol y área de conocimiento. Se incorporaron aspectos conceptuales, metodológicos y técnicos que permiten la interpretación y el planteamiento de alternativas de solución a problemáticas ambientales. La ambientalización del currículo o inclusión de la dimensión ambiental estipulada en la Política Nacional de Educación Ambiental implica introducir contenidos ambientales en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento como parte del diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de los PRAE, y desde este marco se sustenta el estudio. Por lo anterior, los objetivos específicos que orientaron el proceso partieron de la identificación de las problemáticas ambientales prioritarias del entorno escolar y del análisis documental del Proyecto Educativo Institucional y de los componentes del PRAE de las instituciones educativas, empleando herramientas de diagnóstico participativo. Posteriormente, se implementó un proceso de formación con los docentes de las instituciones educativas, en el cual se abordaron temáticas de construcción de los PRAE, ecoeficiencia y ambientalización curricular y construcción de matrices de transversalización; así como la instalación, puesta en marcha y seguimiento de estrategias técnicas de gestión ambiental en los componentes de ahorro y uso eficiente del agua, de la energía, del manejo adecuado de residuos sólidos, del mejoramiento del entorno y de la biodiversidad y la gestión del riesgo. El libro está organizado en dos partes: la primera se centra en aspectos metodológicos, en la que se describen las etapas de la estrategia empleada durante la intervención en las instituciones educativas. También describe (capítulo 2) el referente teórico del proyecto, plantea el problema de investigación y presenta un análisis de resultados de inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en 33 instituciones educativas de Cundinamarca, desde el enfoque de Ecoescuelas, así como las contribuciones del proyecto. El enfoque mencionado se ubica en el contexto de la sostenibilidad, y concibe la escuela como un sistema complejo donde se visibiliza una oportunidad para la innovación curricular y la integración de aspectos ecológicos ambientales con el quehacer y las buenas prácticas ejecutadas por la comunidad educativa. La segunda parte del libro presenta seis experiencias concretas de intervención, que constituyeron el trabajo de grado en Ingeniería Ambiental de estudiantes participantes en el proyecto. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones del estudio realizado. Por cada institución se describen diferentes iniciativas a partir de la aplicación de las cuatro etapas de la estrategia metodológica propuesta, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como ubicación (ya sea rural o urbana), resultados del diagnóstico, características de los documentos institucionales, componentes ambientalespriorizados y necesidad de estrategias técnicas para el fortalecimiento del proceso ambiental institucional. Los resultados han permitido generar planes de acción a corto, mediano y largo plazo en las instituciones educativas, teniendo como fundamento el PRAE y su fortalecimiento desde las dimensiones pedagógica, social y técnica con un enfoque de gestión ambiental como aporte para la transformación en escuelas ecoeficientes, orientadas hacia modelos ambientalmente sostenibles