Thematische Bibliographien / Transformer switch-off

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Transformer switch-off“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Transformer switch-off"

Florkowski, Marek, Jakub Furgał, Maciej Kuniewski und Piotr Pająk. „Overvoltage Impact on Internal Insulation Systems of Transformers in Electrical Networks with Vacuum Circuit Breakers“. Energies 13, Nr. 23 (02.12.2020): 6380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236380.

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Vacuum circuit breakers are increasingly used as switching apparatus in electric power systems. The vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) have very good operating properties. VCBs are characterized by specific physical phenomena that affect overvoltage exposure of the insulation systems of other devices. The most important phenomena are the ability to chop the current before the natural zero crossing, the ability to switch off high-frequency currents, and the rapid increase in dielectric strength recovery. One of the devices connected directly to vacuum circuit breakers is the distribution transformer. Overvoltages generated in electrical systems during switching off the transformers are a source of internal overvoltages in the windings. The analysis of the exposure of transformers operating in electrical networks equipped with vacuum circuit breakers is of great importance because of the impact on the insulation systems of switching overvoltages (SO). These types of overvoltages can be characterized by high maximum values and atypical waveforms, depending on the phenomena in the circuit breaker chambers, system configuration, parameters of electrical devices, and overvoltage protection. Overvoltages that stress the internal insulation systems are the result of the windings response to overvoltages at transformer terminals. This article presents an analysis of overvoltages that stress the transformer insulation systems, which occur while switching off transformers in systems with vacuum circuit breakers. The analysis was based on the results of laboratory measurements of switching overvoltages at transformer terminals and inside the winding, in a model medium-voltage electrical network with a vacuum circuit breaker.

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Adabi, Ehsan, und Ali M. Niknejad. „Analysis and Design of Transformer-Based mm-Wave Transmit/Receive Switches“. International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2012 (26.07.2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/302302.

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Transformer-based shunt single pole, double-throw (SPDT) switches are analyzed, and design equations are provided. A mm-wave transformer-based SPDT shunt switch prototype was designed and fabricated in 90 nm digital CMOS process. It has a minimum insertion loss of 3.4 dB at 50 GHz from the single pole to the ON-thru port and a leakage of 19 dB from the single pole to the OFF-thru port. The isolation is 13.7 dB between the two thru ports. Large signal measurements verify that the switch is capable of handling +14 dBm of input power at its 1 dB compression point. The fabricated SPDT switch has a minute active area size of 60 μm×60 μm.

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Yueh-Ru, Yang. „Analysis and Design of Filament Power Supply with Voltage-Fed Single-Switch ZVS Inverter“. E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186407007.

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In this paper, an off-line voltage-fed single-switch zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) inverter is analyzed and designed for the filament power supply of cooker magnetrons. Due to the low resistance of cathode filament, an isolation transformer with large turn ratio is used. To obtain the ZVS operation, a parallel-resonant capacitor is connected to the primary of transformer. The capacitor, transformer and filament constitute a parallel resonant tank. Both the transformer leakage inductance and the transistor output capacitance are merged into the resonant tank. The resonant energy provides the ZVS operation of the inverter switch, and the secondary voltage drives the cathode filament. To verify the analysis, a prototype inverter is built and tested. Experimental results validate the circuit design.

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Tang, Yu, und Gang Wu. „Design of the Push-Pull Switch Power Supply Based on UC3525A“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (Juli 2013): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1261.

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Switch power supply is a power supply of maintaining the stable output voltage by the use of modern electronic technology, controlling the time ratio (duty cycle) of on and off of switching transistors . Push-pull switch power supply is a form of switching power supply family, which is divided into an independent-excited push-pull switch power supply and self-excited push-pull switch power supply. This paper will put forward an design scheme of the independent-excited push-pull switch power supply based on the design requirements, and the driving integrated circuit selection according to the design scheme of the push-pull switch power, at the same time, the switching transistors and rectifier diode selection through the calculation. The number of turns on a switch transformer is calculated according to the input and output voltage. Considering the skin effect and the proximity effect, switch transformer winding method is selected and the power supply meets the requirements of design according to the saber2007 simulation and implementation.

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Zhang, Zi Sheng, Dao Liu, Bo Feng Liu, Xiao Dong Shi und Zhi Qiang Liu. „Temperature of Transformer Controller Based on TMS320C6713“. Advanced Materials Research 823 (Oktober 2013): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.823.555.

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In order to improve the level of automation and realize remote control of the transformer temperature control system, a fast remote automatic control system that based on the chip TMS320C6713 was designed by us. Using four temperature sensors (Pt100) tow amplifier and analogy to digital (A/D) convertor detect deal with the signal of the temperature of winding and environmental. According with the temperature of transformer to control the cooling device switch on or off, the service life of the radiator was extended. In the design the digital signal processor (DSP) chip is communication with the central control room through the RS-485 bus, which makes the remote transformer temperature monitor into reality. In addition, this system is more versatility and reliability than the traditional device.

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Fomin, Igor Nikolaevich, Roman Pavlovich Belikov, Tatyana Anatolyevna Kudinova und Nailya Kamilevna Miftakhova. „Development of a Method and Algorithm for Inhibiting an Automatic Transfer Switch of the Circuit Breaker for a Sustained Short-Circuit“. E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001011.

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Circuit breakers with automatic transfer switches (ATS) are designed in such a way that when the voltage disappears during a short-circuit (SC) in the ring network line, the ATS device is triggered. At the same time, its switch is turned on at short-circuit, then it is turned off with acceleration. Even a shortterm switching on of the automatic transfer switch for a sustained short-circuit leads to emergency situations [1,2]. The electrical equipment of the ring network spare line is exposed to high emergency short-circuit currents, and the consumers powered by the spare transformer are turned off. It is possible to minimize and eliminate the damages caused by the above mentioned cases by inhibiting the switching on of the circuitbreaker of the automatic transfer switch.

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Kim, Hyun-Woong, Minsik Ahn, Ockgoo Lee, Hyoungsoo Kim, Hyungwook Kim und Chang-Ho Lee. „Analysis and Design of a Fully-Integrated High-Power Differential CMOS T/R Switch and Power Amplifier Using Multi-Section Impedance Transformation Technique“. Electronics 10, Nr. 9 (26.04.2021): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091028.

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In this paper, a new topology for a high-power single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) antenna switch is presented, and its loss mechanisms are fully analyzed. The differential architecture is employed in the proposed switch implementation to prevent unwanted channel formations of OFF-state Rx switch transistors by relieving the voltage swing over the Rx switch devices. In addition to that, the load impedance seen by the Tx switch is stepped down to reduce the voltage swing even more, allowing the antenna switch to handle a high-power signal without distortions. To drop the switch operating impedance, two matching networks are required at the input and the output of the Tx switch, respectively, and they are carefully implemented considering the integration issue of the front-end circuitries. From the loss analysis of the whole signal path, an optimum switch operating impedance is decided in view of a trade-off between power handling capability and insertion loss of the antenna switch. The insertion loss of the proposed design is compared to the conventional design with electromagnetic (EM) simulated transformer and inductors. The proposed antenna switch is implemented in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS process, and all switch devices adopt the deep n-well structure. The measured performance of the proposed transmitter front-end chain shows a 1 dB compression point (P1dB) of 32.1 dBm with 38.3% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 1.9 GHz.

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Zhou, Jun Ying, Nan Zhang, Su Fang Kong, Fu Hua Zhang und Xiu Xian Guo. „Analysis of SMPS in Clinical Medical Equipment“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (Januar 2014): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.671.

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There exists low voltage in circuit of domestic and imported medical equipment and it is what we call power supply. In the past, equipment mainly uses transformer to step down the voltage of power supply. With the progress of science and technology, the technique is gradually replaced by SMPW (switch mode power supply) which is extensively applied to various types of medical equipment due to the high efficiency and wide voltage range. The mains power supply is rectified and filtered into a DC high voltage and then use the switch circuit and energy storage elements to convert them into a variety of required DC voltage output, output DC voltage level can be adjusted by changing the off time (namely Mark-Space Ratio) of switching circuit.

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Tang, Yu, Dekai Kong, Chenxu Duan und Hao Sun. „Optimal Design of LLC Resonant DC Transformer under Adaptive Frequency Tracking Strategy“. Electronics 9, Nr. 12 (16.12.2020): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122160.

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In recent years, the LLC (inductor–inductor–capacitor) DC transformer has been widely used in communication and computer power supply because of its advantages of zero voltage conduction of primary switch and zero current turn off concerning the output rectifier diode. To obtain higher transmission efficiency and make the LLC DC transformer always run at the optimal operating point, the switching frequency of the LLC DC transformer should work at the resonance frequency of the circuit. In actual conditions, the optimal operating frequency of the LLC DC transformer will be changed due to the influences of the working condition on the circuit parameters and the load change. Therefore, the LLC DC transformer controlled by the fixed frequency mode will not be in the best working condition. In this paper, an adaptive frequency tracking method is used to control the circuit; when the circuit parameters change, the LLC DC transformer can always be in the best working state. Then, the influence of circuit parameters such as output power and excitation inductor on the optimal working point of the LLC DC transformer is analyzed in detail. Finally, a 1 kW LLC resonant converter prototype is designed under laboratory conditions to verify the feasibility of the control strategy.

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Hao, Hui, Jin Ning Shan, Qing Ye, Xin Liang Bu, Meng Nan Wang, Zhan Jun Chu, Shu Han Wang und Ying Jiao Li. „Comparative Study and Analysis of the Capacity of TCR Type SVC and Chain SVG to Suppress Transient Voltage Drop“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1033.

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Traditional voltage regulating means, for example, change the transformation ratio of on-load tap-changing transformer, switch on/off parallel compensation capacitor etc, could not solve transient voltage drop effectively due to slow response speed and inaccurate control. SVC and SVG adopt power electronic device that may be turned on/off at high speed and instantaneous reactive power theory, could output huge reactive power within very short time smoothly, so they are capable to suppress transient voltage drop.This paper analyzes the principles of SVC and SVG to suppress transient voltage drop theoretically, studies their characteristics in this respect through simulation, puts forward precautions for both devices to further suppress transient voltage drop according to the simulation result.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Transformer switch-off"

Luedtke, Elin. „Minimizing Transformer No-Load Losses at Hydropower Plants : A Study of Effects from Transformer Switch-Off During Stand-by Operation“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447635.

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Hydropower is the most important power balancing resource in the Swedish electrical power system, regulating the power supply to match the load. Consequently, several hydropower plants have periods of stand-by operation where the power production is absent but where several devices within a plant are still active. Such a device is the step-up power transformer, which during stand-by operation still generates no-load energy losses. These losses can accumulate to a considerable amount of energy and costs during the long technical lifetime of the apparatus. One option to minimize these no-load energy losses is by turning the transformer off when its generating unit is in stand-by operation. However, when this transformer operational change has been explained to experts in the field, the most common response has been that a more frequent reenergizing of a transformer leads to higher risks for errors or transformer breakdowns. This study aimed to analytically investigate three effects from this operational change. First, the potential of fatigue failure for the windings due to the increased sequences of inrush current. Secondly, the thermal cycling as a consequence of change in present losses. Lastly, the energy and economic saving potentials for hydropower plants where this operational adjustment is applied. The study used both established as well as analytical tools explicitly created for this study. These were then applied on currently active transformers in different plant categories in Fortum’s hydropower fleet. The study primarily showed three things. Firstly, risk of fatigue failure due to the increased presence of inrush currents did not affect the transformer’s technical lifetime. Secondly, the thermal cycling changes were slightly larger with absent no-load losses during stand-by operation. The average temperature for the transformer decreased, which in general is seen as a positive indicator for a longer insulation lifetime and thus the transformer’s technical lifetime. Finally, the created frameworks showed the potential of saving energy and money for all plant categories, where the potential grew with the installed production capacity and the stand-by operation timeshare. Despite the simplifications made to describe the complex reality of a transformer operating in a hydropower plant, this thesis contributes to lay a foundation for future investigation of an easy adjustment to avoid unnecessary energy losses and costs for transformers in hydropower plants.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Transformer switch-off"

Koch, Christof. „Unconventional Computing“. In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0026.

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As discussed in the introduction to this book, any (bio)physical mechanism that transforms some physical variable, such as the electrical potential across the membrane, in such a way that it can be mapped onto a meaningful formal mathematical operation, such as delayand- correlate or convolution, can be treated as a computation. Traditionally only Vm, spike trains, and the firing rate f(t) have been thought to play this role in the computations performed by the nervous system. Due to the recent and widespread usage of high-resolution calcium-dependent fluorescent dyes, the concentration of free intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i in presynaptic terminals, dendrites, and cell bodies has been promoted into the exalted rank of a variable that can act as a short-term memory and that can be manipulated using buffers, calcium-dependent enzymes, and diffusion in ways that can be said to instantiate specific computations. But why stop here? Why not consider the vast number of signaling molecules that are localized to specific intra- or extracellular compartments to instantiate specific computations that can act over particular spatial and temporal time scales? And what about the peptides and hormones that are released into large areas of the brain or that circulate in the bloodstream? In this penultimate chapter, we will acquaint the reader with several examples of computations that use such unconventional means. The computation in question constitutes a molecular switch that stores a few bits of information at each of the thousands of synapses on a typical cortical cell. In order to describe its principle of operation, it will be necessary to introduce the reader to some basic concepts in biochemistry. The ability of individual synapses to potentially store analog variables is important enough that this modest intellectual investment will pay off. (For an introduction to biochemistry, consult Stryer, 1995).

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Transformer switch-off"

Simmons, Jeremy W., und James D. Van de Ven. „Switch-Mode Power Transformer in a Wave-Powered, Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant“. In ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1647.

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Abstract In the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process, a salt water solution is pressurized to overcome the osmotic pressure across a semi-permeable membrane. A few groups have proposed that a wave energy converter (WEC) having a seawater based, hydraulic power take-off can could be used to pressurize the feedwater for an RO system. However, coupling the wave energy harvesting process and the RO desalination process imposes unique design constraints on the fluid power system, such as pressure limits of conventional RO system components. In this study, a fluid power circuit with a switch-mode power transformer is used to transfer power while keeping the pressure of the power take-off and RO processes relatively decoupled. The switch-mode power transformer studied herein adds fewer costly components and less significant loss mechanisms to the system than a conventional hydraulic transformer performing the same function. The switch-mode power transformer uses the inertia of a hydraulic motor driven electric generator and switching of the hydraulic motor inlet between high and low-pressure sources to decrease the pressure at which power is being transmitted to the RO process. This process is analogous to DC-DC switching power transformers in the electrical domain. This study seeks to demonstrate this unique switch-mode system as a potential solution for coupling the wave-energy harvesting process with the reverse osmosis process. The system is modeled and studied in the context that the transformer and RO system are onshore, 500 meters from the WEC. Power captured from the WEC is transmitted through a long pipeline to shore. A distributed parameter model is used to model the pipeline dynamics, simultaneously revealing the significance of these dynamics and the robustness with which the switch-mode transformer decouples the pressure dynamics at the RO feed from the pipeline dynamics. The switch-mode power transformer is estimated to be 76% efficient while the system, as a whole, is estimated to be 45% efficient.

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Tan, Tingyue, Zhiguo Hao, Duo Wang, Zhiyuan Liu und Xiaojun Yu. „Residual flux estimation method for three-phase transformers without zero-sequence circuit on the switch-off side“. In 2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2016.7779821.

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He, Qin, Rubin Wang und Xiaochuan Pan. „This paper presents a two-dimensional histogram shifting technique for reversible data hiding algorithm. In order to avoid the distortion drift caused by hiding data into stereo H.264 video, we choose arbitrary embeddable blocks from 4×4 quantized discrete cosine transform luminance blocks which will not affect their adjacent blocks. Two coefficients in each embeddable block are chosen as a hiding coefficient pair. The selected coefficient pairs are classified into different sets on the basis of their values. Data could be hidden according to the set which the value of the coefficient pair belongs to. When the value of one coefficient may be changed by adding or subtracting 1, two data bits could be hidden by using the proposed method, whereas only one data bit could be embedded by employing the conventional histogram shifting. Experiments show that this two-dimensional histogram shifting method can be used to improve the hiding performance.“ In 10th International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications (SEAS 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110205.

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Arc, one virus-like gene, crucial for learning and memory, was dis-covered by researchers in neurological disorders fields, Arc mRNA’s single directed path and allowing protein binding regional restric-tively is a potential investigation on helping shuttle toxic proteins responsible for some diseases related to memory deficiency. Mean time to switching (MTS) is calculated explicitly quantifying the switching process in statistical methods combining Hamiltonian Markov Chain(HMC). The model derived from predator and prey with typeII functional response studies the mechanism of normals with intrin-sic rate of increase and the persisters with the instantaneous discovery rate and converting coefficients. During solving the results, since the numeric method is applied for the 2D approximation of Hamiltonion with intrinsic noise induced switching combining geometric minimum action method. In the application of Hamiltonian Markov Chain, the behavior of the convertion (between mRNA and proteins through 6 states from off to on ) is described with probabilistic conditional logic formula and the final concentration is computed with both Continuous and Discret Time Markov Chain(CTMC/DTMC) through Embedding and Switching Diffusion. The MTS, trajectories and Hamiltonian dynamics demonstrate the practical and robust advantages of our model on interpreting the switching process of genes (IGFs, Hax Arcs and etc.) with respects to memory deficiency in aging process which can be useful in further drug efficiency test and disease curing. Coincidentally, the Hamiltonian is also well used in describing quantum mechanics and convenient for computation with time and position information using quantum bits while in the second model we construct, switching between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, similarity of qubit and neuron is an interesting object as well. Especially with the interactions operated with phase gates, the excitation from the ground state to excitation state is a well analogue to the neuron excitation. Not only on theoretical aspect, the experimental methods in neuron switching model is also inspiring to quantum computing. Most basic one is as stimulate hippocampus can be identical to spontaneous neural excitation(|g>|e>), pi-pulse is utilized to drive the ground state to the higher state. There thus exists prosperous potential to study the transfer between states with our switch models both classical and quantum computationally.

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