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Milburn, Geoffrey. „Reaction: Transformative Challenges Reassessed“. Theory & Research in Social Education 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1995.10505742.
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Buitrago Santanilla, Alexander, Erik L. Regalado, Tony Pereira, Michael Shevlin, Kevin Bateman, Louis-Charles Campeau, Jonathan Schneeweis et al. „Nanomole-scale high-throughput chemistry for the synthesis of complex molecules“. Science 347, Nr. 6217 (20.11.2014): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1259203.
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At the forefront of new synthetic endeavors, such as drug discovery or natural product synthesis, large quantities of material are rarely available and timelines are tight. A miniaturized automation platform enabling high-throughput experimentation for synthetic route scouting to identify conditions for preparative reaction scale-up would be a transformative advance. Because automated, miniaturized chemistry is difficult to carry out in the presence of solids or volatile organic solvents, most of the synthetic “toolkit” cannot be readily miniaturized. Using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions as a test case, we developed automation-friendly reactions to run in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. This advance enabled us to couple the robotics used in biotechnology with emerging mass spectrometry–based high-throughput analysis techniques. More than 1500 chemistry experiments were carried out in less than a day, using as little as 0.02 milligrams of material per reaction.
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Golam Rasul, Mohammed. „Extraction and transformative reaction of triterpenoid and comparison of their biological activity“. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 12, Nr. 5 (01.02.2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i5/141077.
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Purnamawati, Frimha, und Rizqi Fajar Pradipta. „TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING MODEL FOR PARENTING EDUCATION PROGRAM“. Journal Of Educational Experts (JEE) 5, Nr. 1 (23.01.2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30740/jee.v5i1p13-20.
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The purpose of this study is to produce a transformative learning model in parenting education programs organized by early childhood education institutions in changing the terms of reference for children's education to be even better and in synergy with those carried out by educational institutions. This research includes development model research. The results of this study are a transformative learning model in a parenting education program that uses five components, namely (1) syntax; (2) Social System; (3) Reaction Principle; (4) Support System and (5) Instructional Impact and Accompaniment. The steps of Transformative Learning used in the parenting education process consist of 4 steps of field activities, namely: (1) problem development steps; (2) critical reflection development steps; (3) location of determination and implementation of action; and (4) assistance steps taken by educators of early childhood education institutions to early childhood parents in the form of consultations, group discussion activities, and face-to-face activities (class sessions). The success of transformative learning in this parenting education program is that there is a change in the frame of reference of the parents of early childhood which comes from themselves, and the function of educators in this transformative learning process is as a facilitator and counselor in helping towards the change process.
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Bibhab Kumar, Lodh. „The transformative role of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in chemical engineering“. Open Journal of Chemistry 10, Nr. 1 (12.03.2024): 001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000033.
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Chemical engineering is a discipline intrinsically linked to fluid behavior. From reaction kinetics to reactor design, understanding how fluids flow, mix, and transfer heat is paramount. Traditionally, this relied heavily on experimentation, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. The emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has revolutionized the field, offering a powerful in-silico approach to analyze fluid dynamics in chemical engineering processes. This review paper explores the transformative role of CFD, examining its impact on various aspects of chemical engineering, including reactor design, optimization, process intensification, scale-up, and safety analysis. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with CFD simulations, ongoing advancements in the field, and potential future directions.
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Zare, Richard N. „Making Materials That Hate Water to Love Water: The Transformative Power of Chemistry“. Molecular Frontiers Journal 01, Nr. 01 (17.05.2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529732517400028.
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A simple nonaqueous reaction scheme for transforming the surface of plastics from hydrophobic to hydrophilic is presented. The chemical modification is achieved by the base-catalyzed trans-esterification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a commonly used plastic. Its use in blood collection tubes is discussed. The surface modification is permanent, inexpensive, rapid, and does not release contaminants. It also causes no optical or mechanical distortion of the plastic. This work demonstrates the power of chemistry to transform common materials.
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Duduzile, Mzindle, Somlata Zakhile, Fru Raymond und Gallant Reinhold. „Experiences of Teaching Transformative Pedagogies for Peace-building across Selected Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa“. International Journal of Higher Education Pedagogies 2, Nr. 3 (29.06.2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijhep.v2i3.137.
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The primary objective of this study was to report on a series of workshops that were held in three institutions of higher learning on resilience, peace-building and prevention of violence using transformative pedagogies (TP). This progressive approach to teaching and learning is known as an activist approach and it is a reaction to the traditional approach to teaching and learning which perceive teachers as the people who control the teaching and learning process. The study was a mixed method and was premised on transformative paradigm. Data was collected using evaluation survey from participants and reflection from facilitators on the feedback and experiences in the delivery of the workshops in the three institutions. The participants in the series of workshops were the lecturers, student teachers and members of students’ representative council (SRC). The workshops aimed at equipping the participants with the skill to be peace-builders by articulating how the issues of peace and violence manifests and intersect in the South African contexts and beyond. Furthermore, the participants were expected to identify strategies for enhancing education for peacebuilding in their own contexts using transformative pedagogies. The results revealed and provided feedback not only on the effectiveness of the project but also assisted in illuminating the effectiveness of the use of transformative pedagogies in the classrooms and change learners and students to be peace ambassadors.
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Bentley, Keith W., Peng Zhang und Christian Wolf. „Miniature high-throughput chemosensing of yield, ee, and absolute configuration from crude reaction mixtures“. Science Advances 2, Nr. 2 (Februar 2016): e1501162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501162.
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High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has emerged as a widely used technology that accelerates discovery and optimization processes with parallel small-scale reaction setups. A high-throughput screening (HTS) method capable of comprehensive analysis of crude asymmetric reaction mixtures (eliminating product derivatization or isolation) would provide transformative impact by matching the pace of HTE. We report how spontaneous in situ construction of stereodynamic metal probes from readily available, inexpensive starting materials can be applied to chiroptical chemosensing of the total amount, enantiomeric excess (ee), and absolute configuration of a wide variety of amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy acids, and diols. This advance and HTS potential are highlighted with the analysis of 1 mg of crude reaction mixtures of a catalytic asymmetric reaction. This operationally simple assay uses a robust mix-and-measure protocol, is amenable to microscale platforms and automation, and provides critical time efficiency and sustainability advantages over traditional serial methods.
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Furxhi, Gentisa, Sonela Stillo und Marinela Teneqexhi. „Organizational Change: Employees Reaction Towards It“. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, Nr. 1 (30.04.2016): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i1.p303-308.
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The organizations, in the present days,are facing a dynamic environment which makes that no organization is immune towards change. Technological changes, innovations in communication, movements in the job market, globalization, make the organization face continuous challenges regarding competition, general non-stability of the macro-environment, merging and re-engineering of the work processes. To face these challenges, the organization reassesses the strategies, structure, policies, actions, processes and their culture. So the organizational change (OC) is inevitable in the environment where the organizations operate. Organizational change can be a very small change (additional) or it can be fundamental (transformative). Regardless of the form, function or size that the organizatioal change can make, there is an agreement between the community of the researchers that the pace of the organizational change has never been as high as in our days and it must be considered as a “feature which is present in the organizational life both in the operational level as well as in the strategic level” (By, 2005). Researchers already see the organizational change as a feature, present and continuous of the organizational life, inconsistent with the previous conceptualism that viewed the organizations as relatively stable systems, which developed over time through additional planned changes, which took place in regular and predicted phases (Burnes, 2004; Cummings -Worley, 2009). The famous expression “organizations don’t change, people do”, creates the need for change agents to understand that employees have different reactions to change initiative, because they have different personal experiences, motivation levels, socio-demographic characteristics, knowledges, values and different behavior models
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Taleb, Batoul, Rabih Jahjah, David Cornu, Mikhael Bechelany, Mohamad Al Ajami, Ghenwa Kataya, Akram Hijazi und Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki. „Exploring Hydrogen Sources in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation: A Review of Unsaturated Compound Reduction“. Molecules 28, Nr. 22 (11.11.2023): 7541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227541.
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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation has emerged as a pivotal chemical process with transformative potential in various industries. This review highlights the significance of catalytic transfer hydrogenation, a reaction that facilitates the transfer of hydrogen from one molecule to another, using a distinct molecule as the hydrogen source in the presence of a catalyst. Unlike conventional direct hydrogenation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced safety, cost-effective hydrogen donors, byproduct recyclability, catalyst accessibility, and the potential for catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, particularly with chiral ligands. Moreover, the diverse range of hydrogen donor molecules utilized in this reaction have been explored, shedding light on their unique properties and their impact on catalytic systems and the mechanism elucidation of some reactions. Alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol are prominent hydrogen donors, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in various reductions. Formic acid offers irreversible hydrogenation, preventing the occurrence of reverse reactions, and is extensively utilized in chiral compound synthesis. Unconventional donors such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene and glycerol have shown a good efficiency in reducing unsaturated compounds, with glycerol additionally serving as a green solvent in some transformations. The compatibility of these donors with various catalysts, substrates, and reaction conditions were all discussed. Furthermore, this paper outlines future trends which include the utilization of biomass-derived hydrogen donors, the exploration of hydrogen storage materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), catalyst development for enhanced activity and recyclability, and the utilization of eco-friendly solvents such as glycerol and ionic liquids. Innovative heating methods, diverse base materials, and continued research into catalyst-hydrogen donor interactions are aimed to shape the future of catalytic transfer hydrogenation, enhancing its selectivity and efficiency across various industries and applications.
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Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Hassan. „My Transformative Edu-political Theories and Liberating Approach to Teaching“. International Journal of English Language Teaching 11, Nr. 2 (15.02.2023): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijelt.13/vol11n23160.
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The practical results of even the so-called contemporary innovative pedagogical methods and approaches, which have been formulated based on Totalitarians’ theories, are falling short of expectation in current complicated world’s circumstances. This is because they not only have failed to conduce to effective learning, values, skills for personal and moral development, and civilized societies, but have contributed to detrimental-to-peace dictatorial rulying systems also. The present article, as such, sets out to outline this educationist’s seminal approach to emancipatory education (i.e., CTBL) that opposes with and is a panacea to established doomed-to-failure colonialist didactic methods and approaches. Most importantly, the article brings to the fore this educationist’s edu-political theories as the main theoretical building blocks of his revolutionary approach. Having bridged the gap between the-said theories and professional practice at class level, via the application of CTBL, the article seeks to throw into relief CTBL's distinguishing features that make it a catalyst for transformation and change. The article also casts light on the howabouts of CTBL’s contribution to the decline of the present methods and modes of education, and corrupt regimes as well. The findings of some researchers on the effectiveness of CTBL as well as some tectonic suggestions to the stakeholders have also found a place at the end of this article. CTBL is obviously this educationist’s active and strategic reaction to the socio-political circumstances he and his innocent family members along with other marginalized/impoverished communities and nations are suffering from for decades. This educationist’s 24th resource book has also been introduced.
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Hassan Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad. „My Transformative Edu-political Theories and Liberating Approach to Teaching“. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 11, Nr. 3 (31.05.2022): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.11n.3p.68.
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The practical results of even the so-called contemporary innovative pedagogical methods and approaches, which have been formulated based on Totalitarians’ theoreticians’ theories, are falling short of expectation in current complicated world’s circumstances. This is because they not only have failed to conduce to effective learning, values, skills for personal and moral development, and civilized societies, but have contributed to detrimental-to-peace peasant totaliterian rulying systems also. The present article, as such, sets out to outline this educationist’s seminal approach to emancipatory education (i.e., CTBL), that opposes with and is a panacea to established doomed-to-failure colonialist and dictatorial didactic methods and approaches. Most importantly, the article brings to the fore this educationist’s edu-political theories as the main theoretical building blocks of his revolutionary approach. Having bridged the gap between the-said theories and professional practice at class level, via the application of CTBL, the article seeks to throw into relief CTBL’s distinguishing features that make it a catalyst for transformation and change. The article also casts light on the howabouts of CTBL’s contribution to the decline of the present methods and modes of education, and corrupt regimes as well. The findings of some researchers on the effectiveness of CTBL as well as some tectonic suggestions to the stakeholders have also found a place at the end of this article. CTBL is obviously this educationist’s active and strategic reaction to the socio-political circumstances he and his innocent family members along with other marginalized/impoverished communities and nations are suffering from for decades. This educationist’s 24th resource book has also been introduced.
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Rimmer, Michael P., Christopher D. Gregory und Rod T. Mitchell. „The transformative impact of extracellular vesicles on developing sperm“. Reproduction and Fertility 2, Nr. 3 (21.07.2021): R51—R66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/raf-20-0076.
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Objective To review the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the male reproductive tract and their impact on developing sperm. We discuss how sperm exiting the seminiferous tubules, although developmentally mature, require further modification. Acquisition of various functions including increased motility, transfer of cargoes and ability to undertake the acrosome reaction is mediated through the interaction between sperm and EVs. Methods A review of the literature identified that EVs are released from different portions of the male reproductive tract, notably the epididymis and prostate. These EVs interact with sperm as they pass from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis and vas deferens prior to ejaculation. Results EVs are small lipid-bound particles carrying bespoke RNA, protein and lipid cargoes. These cargoes are loaded based on the state of the parent cell and are used to communicate with recipient cells. In sperm, these cargoes are essential for post-testicular modification. Conclusions Interactions between developing sperm and EVs are important for the subsequent function of sperm. Prior to ejaculation, these interactions confer important changes for the post-testicular modification and development of sperm. Little is known about the interaction between EVs from the testes and the spermatogonial stem cell niche or developing sperm within the seminiferous tubules. However, the numerous roles of EVs in the post-testicular modification of sperm have led many to suspect that they may also play important roles in developing sperm within the testes. Lay summary Sperm are crucial for successful fertility. In order to do this, they must be able to swim a large distance to meet the egg in the female reproductive tract and fertilise it. Once released from the testes, sperm may appear to be fully developed, but this is not the case. Several important modifications are required in order for them to swim and fertilise an egg. These modifications are carried out by sending sperm small packages from other cells which contain messages and cargo. We discuss the release of these small packages along with different parts of the male reproductive tract and how they change the way sperm behave and function. This article reviews the literature and known functions of these packages called extracellular vesicles, which are released by the male reproductive tract and modify sperm, transforming their function, before they are ejaculated.
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Shirazi, Mehrnaz, Dhaivat Solanki, Kamyar Ahmadi, Jiming Bao, Ognjen Miljanic und Stanko Brankovic. „(Invited) Pd Monolayer Catalyst As Transformative Concept for Electrolytic Hydrogen Isotope Separation“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 49 (07.07.2022): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01492050mtgabs.
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The effect of strain in Pd monolayer catalyst is explored for electrolytic hydrogen isotope separation. Positive/negative strain increases/decreases strength of adsorbed hydrogen bond in overpotential region where recombination of hydrogen atoms is the rate determining step in hydrogen evolution reaction. As a result, the increased/decreased hydrogen isotope separation efficiency of Pd monolayers is expected as compared to bulk Pd. The positive/negative strain rises/lowers diffusion barrier for adsorbed hydrogen atoms. This effect favors/retards recombination of isotopes with smaller mass. As the surface is stretched/compressed, the neighboring adsorption sites separate/approach each other which affects heavier hydrogen isotopes more/less and result in their lower/higher probability for recombination. All these fundamental consideration indicate that Pd monolayers with different level of strain should have much different separation factors than corresponding bulk electrodes. To study described effects, Pd monolayers we synthesized electrochemically on Au(111) and Ru(0001) electrodes each yielding qualitatively different strain levels (Au-positive, Ru-negative). The adsorption strength of hydrogen isotopes is studied by infra-red spectroscopy. These results are input in classical models for isotope separation[1] T calculations. The calculated ratio between the rates of hydrogen and deuterium recombination and separation factors for Pd monolayers and corresponding bulk electrodes are compared to experimentally measured ones. The following discussion focuses on understanding and quantification of strain effects on separation efficiency of Pd monolayers. [1] B. E. Conway, Proceedings of The Royal Society of London, A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 247, 400 (1958).
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Bhong, Mahesh, Rahul Singh, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Rajesh Prasad Verma, Manish Saraswat und Amit Srivastava. „Renewable Energy Integration for Urban Sustainability A Nanomaterial Perspective“. E3S Web of Conferences 511 (2024): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101034.
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This research explores the transformative part of nanomaterials in progressing urban maintainability through the integration of renewable vitality frameworks. Synthesized quantum dabs, carbon nanotubes, and graphene were characterized and connected over assorted applications, counting solar vitality saddling, wind vitality improvement, vitality capacity, and urban foundation improvement. In solar cells, the integration of quantum specks resulted in an eminent increment in control transformation proficiency (PCE), with an 85% change in short-circuit current thickness (J sc) and a 20% increment in open-circuit voltage (Voc). Wind turbine edges upgraded with carbon nanotubes displayed a momentous 21% rise in control yield and a 40% advancement in soundness, emphasizing the potential of nanomaterials in optimizing wind vitality frameworks. Graphene-based supercapacitors illustrated a multiplied particular capacitance and a 10% increment in cyclic solidness, underscoring the adequacy of nanomaterials in vitality capacity applications. The consolidation of nanocomposite building materials showcased a 44% diminishment in warm conductivity, contributing to made strides cover for maintainable urban foundations. Nanosensors, coordinated into smart frameworks, showed a prevalent 80% increment in affectability and a 50% lessening in reaction time compared to customary sensors.
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Leal, Saul Tourinho, und Nara Pinheiro Reis Ayres de Britto. „Supremas Cortes e Efeito Backlash: o Caso das “Vaquejadas” no Brasil“. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL CONSINTER DE DIREITO 12, Nr. 12 (30.06.2021): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19135/revista.consinter.00012.12.
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Could the object of a law declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court be reintroduced into the legal system this time through an amendment to the Constitution? And if this amendment is based on elements protected by the Constitution, such as cultural manifestations? The Federal Constitution of 1988 brings in its art. 2nd the separation of the Powers as an explicit stone clause. Could an amendment that admits a constitutionally based exception subscribe to a practice considered by the Supreme Court as capable of subjecting animals to cruelty? The evolution of the times and social and cultural advances are part of the transformation of society itself and this transformation can take place in accordance with the Constitution, and the Supreme Federal Court, in the exercise of its duty to guard the Constitution, preserve the stone clauses notably in the face of political initiatives that try to overcome the transformative effect inherent to the effects of the full exercise of the not majority character of constitutional jurisdiction. Thus, the present work aims to make a constitutional analysis, through bibliographic, legislative and jurisprudential review methodology of the practice of the so-called “vaquejadas” in Brazil and its consequences from a decision taken by the Federal Supreme Court that gave rise to an immediate political reaction through the approval of a constitutional amendment by the National Congress.
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Lu, Jian Yi, Jie Gao und Cheng Long Meng. „Simulation Studies on Transformation of Mercury during Combustion Process“. Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (März 2015): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.912.
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Mercury is one of important trace heavy metal elements and about 1/3 of mercury in the air comes from emissions of coal-fired flue gas. In this study, we simulated mercury’s 4 important reactions of the oxidation kinetics mechanism and got every reactions’ rate variations; meanwhile we studied the kinetics of four reactions and got the reacting paths, five pre-exponential factor in different temperatures, reaction activation energy change and reaction rate constant change, a relatively comprehensive homogeneous oxidation model established. Through the above simulation study, the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of 4 primitive reactions are obtained, having a great benefit for understanding the transformation mechanism of mercury in the process of coal combustion.
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Lin, Chong, Changhui Xiao, Dongyang Zhang, Houdong Rao und Wei Cheng. „Preparation of ZIF-8 particles via solvent thermal synthesis and investigation of their photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance“. Vibroengineering Procedia 53 (27.11.2023): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23648.
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In recent years, the preparation and application of ZIF-8 nanoparticles have garnered interest, yet systematic studies on the relationship between their size and photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance remain limited. Addressing this gap, the present study pioneers an in-depth exploration of the preparation of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, emphasizing their impact on photocatalytic hydrogen generation. A novel observation was made, where uniform ZIF-8 particles of approximately 1 micron were optimally synthesized at a molar ratio of zinc acetate to dimethylimidazole of 1:4. Interestingly, the study unveiled a unique trend of ZIF-8 particle size variation with changing reaction temperatures. Most notably, and for the first time, this research underscores the paramount role of particle size on ZIF-8’s hydrogen generation capability, connecting it intricately to the material’s pore characteristics. An unprecedented finding was the superior performance of the 500 nanometer-sized ZIF-8 in photocatalytic hydrogen generation, attributing its excellence to its pore size being finely attuned to the photocatalytic reaction requirements. Such groundbreaking insights not only deepen our comprehension of ZIF-8 materials but also hold transformative potential for the international engineering community, particularly in tailoring applications for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
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., Monika, Vivek Jaglan, Jugnesh Kumar und Akshat Agrawal. „Hybrid Nature-inspired algorithm for efferent cloud resource utilization“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 2.4 (10.03.2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.4.10036.
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Cloud computing has come up as a standout amongst the most encouraging &reliable advancements in the IT part. However by and by there exists a noteworthy issue of load adjusting in the distributed computing condition. This paper comprises of an answer for streamlining the heap utilizing hereditary calculation. Hereditary calculation which takes after the transformative system can build up an answer near ideal arrangement. The proposed calculation is produced by consolidating two existing calculations by considering cost an incentive as the wellness work. The workload is adjusted by the considering the mix of both the heap rate and cost estimation of the assets. Allotment of assets is performed by taking the best fit esteem and lessening the reaction time and general cost. Reenactment comes about are indicated utilizing the cloud examiner test system.
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Vardner, Jonathon, Elifsu Gencer, Raymond Farinato, Devarayasamudram Nagaraj, Scott Banta und Alan West. „(Digital Presentation) Electron Mediators for the Reductive Leaching of Chalcopyrite: Replacing Smelting with Electrolysis for Copper Production“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 56 (07.07.2022): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01562359mtgabs.
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Copper is expected to be in high demand in the coming decades due to the emergence of wind and solar technologies, which require about five times as much copper as traditional energy sources. Copper, however, is expected to be in short supply in the coming decades due to the high costs associated with the mining, concentrating, and processing of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), which accounts for about 70% of all copper reserves. This work introduces a potentially transformative hydrometallurgical process for domestic production of copper from CuFeS2. Commercialization of such a process could sustain a high rate of copper production throughout the 21st century. Chalcopyrite is reacted with a redox couple to enable the rapid, clean, and complete recovery of copper. The reductant may be regenerated by an electrolysis unit. Reactions 1 and 2 show the direct electrochemical reduction of CuFeS2 to Cu2S and Cu0, respectively 2 CuFeS2 + 6H+ + 2e- → Cu2S + 2 Fe2+ + 3 H2 S [1] Cu2S + 2H+ + 2e- → 2 Cu0 + H2 S [2] The cathodic reduction of CuFeS2 competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction and therefore becomes inefficient at current densities exceeding 40 mA/cm2. Conversely, the cathodic reduction of an electron mediator circumvents the hydrogen evolution reaction and enables current densities exceeding 100 mA/cm2. Figure 1 shows a result that highlights the use of an electron mediator to facilitate the rapid and complete reduction of chalcopyrite, followed by the dissolution of the resultant solid product into sulfuric acid for the complete recovery of copper. In figure 1a, the release of Fe2+ ions to solution during the progression of the reaction with electron mediator is shown. In all cases, the solution contains 4M H2SO4 and various loadings of CuFeS2 concentrate. Error bars show standard deviations of replicates in triplicate. The reaction nearly goes to completion in 10 minutes. In figure 1b, the subsequent extraction of Cu2+ from mineral products dissolution into 1M H2SO4. The resulting concentration of copper in the sulfuric acid is amenable to electrowinning. Results are shown for high loadings of chalcopyrite, within a practical range for economic viability. In this work, we report successful results from two redox couples that can be effectively regenerated via electrolysis. A preliminary technoeconomic analysis is discussed, identifying potential opportunities as well as technical challenges. Figure 1
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Galante, Giuliana, und Anthony Bruzzone. „Large Program Cost Estimating: Nuanced Implementation Assumptions Make Non-Nuanced Impacts“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, Nr. 9 (22.07.2020): 1147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120934477.
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Transformative transportation programs often comprise discrete complex projects to deliver an overall vision. Even with substantial benefits, the cost, complexity, and risk of the entire program often creates a “sticker-shock” reaction that dominates public discussion. When escalation is factored into the program, costs can appear unreasonable or not financeable. In this scenario, benefits and costs are never discussed in a parallel (and equal) basis. If this leads to more delay, escalation creates an ever-more expensive output, leading to ever less support for the transformative program. Aviation and highway industries often deliver their programs as discrete projects of independent utility (for example, an additional lane of highway, or a new airport terminal). Rail and bus transit infrastructure projects, in contrast, are usually presented as the entire program (new vehicles, infrastructure, stations, facilities) even if some aspects of the program could be presented as a discrete project. By focusing on the program, rather than projects, transit proposals present stretch delivery dates and feature mountains of escalated costs. This paper uses the recent Boston North-South Rail Link (NSRL) Reassessment (Massachusetts, U.S.) as a case study. An examination is made of the potential benefits of packaging the program to advance independent but complementary projects. The expectation is that this approach reduces escalation, resulting in overall program cost savings in real dollars. While further research to validate this premise is suggested, the concepts of the paper can be used to reassess traditional megaproject schedule and delivery assumptions, reducing the identified cost escalation over the years.
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Raniolo, Francesco, und Valeria Tarditi. „Digital revolution and party innovations: An analysis of the Spanish case“. Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, Nr. 2 (18.09.2019): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.27.
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AbstractThe literature on party change has shown how the advent of the digital revolution and the diffusion of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the democracies of the 21st century have influenced the way political parties communicate and perform their functions. Less investigated, however, is the organizational reaction of political parties to the challenges posed by the transformation of the communications environment. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize whether parties evince a transformative tendency towards virtual models in which new digital ICTs are used as ‘functional equivalents’ of the old organizational infrastructures. To this end, the paper focuses on the Spanish democracy – a paradigmatic case of the political transformations that European democracies have undergone since the 2008 economic crisis – comparing the organizational models of the main political parties: the Partido Socialista Obrero Español, the Partido Popular, Podemos and Ciudadanos. Particularly the analysis – through the use of parties' documents – focuses on whether and how digital tools are used by the Spanish parties in three dimensions: the participants in the organization, the organizational configuration and the decision-making process. The main conclusions are: new challenger parties make a more intense and radical use of new ICTs introducing ‘disrupting innovations’ in their organization, while old and mainstream parties gradually adapt their organization to the new digital environment introducing ‘sustaining innovations’; parties on the left make greater use of ICTs in order to foster greater internal democracy when compared to their corresponding parties on the centre-right.
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Konečný, M., K. Cejpek, L. Čechovská und J. Velíšek. „Transformation Pathways of Reductones in the Advanced Maillard Reaction“. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (24.06.2009): S149—S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1091-cjfs.
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The transformation of methylene-active reducing Maillard intermediates 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2<I>H</I>-furan-3-one (norfuraneol, 1) and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4<I>H</I>-pyran-4-one (DDMP) was studied in heated (at 70–95°C up to 2 h) model aqueous binary systems containing various reactive carbonyl Maillard intermediates. Among them, furan-2-carbaldehyde and its derivatives 5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde and pyrrol-2-carbaldehyde react intensely with the above reductones resulting in significant formation of consecutive reducing products. The active products formation and changes in total electrochemical activity were evaluated by using HPLC system with amperometric detection. The active products are consisted of primary reductone-carbaldehyde adducts (2a, b) that dehydrate to major active stereoisomeric condensation products (3a, b). The latter are hydrolysed to still electrochemically active compounds (4a, b) with yet unknown structure. Norfuraneol is transformed by 67–94% after 2 h heating at 95°C and pH 7 depending on a carbaldehyde, while DDMP react much slowly. Up to 42% of the initial norfuraneol electrochemical activity remains retained in the consecutive products depending on time and carbaldehyde involved.
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Hejazian, Majid, Eugeniu Balaur und Brian Abbey. „Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Microfluidic Mix-and-Jet Sample Delivery Devices“. Micromachines 12, Nr. 5 (07.05.2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050531.
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The integration of the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN) and microfluidic technologies has proven to be a promising sample delivery solution for biomolecular imaging studies and has the potential to be transformative for a range of applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. Here, we review the recent advances in the emerging field of microfluidic mix-and-jet sample delivery devices for the study of biomolecular reaction dynamics. First, we introduce the key parameters and dimensionless numbers involved in their design and characterisation. Then we critically review the techniques used to fabricate these integrated devices and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We then summarise the most common experimental methods used for the characterisation of both the mixing and jetting components. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on the emerging field of microfluidic mix-and-jet sample delivery devices. In summary, this review aims to introduce this exciting new topic to the wider microfluidics community and to help guide future research in the field.
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Baumann, Hannes. „Experimental assessments of marine species sensitivities to ocean acidification and co-stressors: how far have we come?“ Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, Nr. 5 (Mai 2019): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0198.
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Experimental studies assessing the potential impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms have rapidly expanded and produced a wealth of empirical data over the past decade. This perspective examines four key areas of transformative developments in experimental approaches: (1) methodological advances; (2) advances in elucidating physiological and molecular mechanisms behind observed CO2effects; (3) recognition of short-term CO2variability as a likely modifier of species sensitivities (Ocean Variability Hypothesis); and (4) consensus on the multistressor nature of marine climate change where effect interactions are still challenging to anticipate. No single experiment allows predicting the fate of future populations. But sustaining the accumulation of empirical evidence is critical for more robust estimates of species reaction norms and thus for enabling better modeling approaches. Moreover, advanced experimental approaches are needed to address knowledge gaps including changes in species interactions and intraspecific variability in sensitivity and its importance for the adaptation potential of marine organisms to a high CO2world.
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Conway, C. „Mad, bad, and dangerous to know: psychiatric illness in film and theatre“. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, Nr. 1 (02.07.2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.22.
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AimsTo describe and discuss the portrayal of psychiatric illness in film and theatre.MethodA review of psychiatric literature on psychiatric illness and stigma was carried out. This was combined with a review of selected films and plays. The dramatic function of mental illness, and the manner of its portrayal, were considered in a discursive manner.ResultsFrom Ancient Greek theatre to modern film, psychiatric illness has been used to exemplify “otherness”. This has frequently had connotations of danger and violence, either to others or to societal norms. Occasionally psychiatric illness is depicted as transformative, or an understandable reaction to an insane environment, and there is a trend towards more nuanced depictions of mental illness. However, the disproportionate association of mental illness with violence and danger is reflected in the public's perception of mental illness, and contributes to self-stigmatisation.ConclusionOngoing communication between psychiatry, service users and the arts may help to challenge the stereotype of “mad, bad and dangerous to know”.
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Ra, Raymond Kyooyung. „Discovery of the [Queer] Minjung Tradition: The Sinchon Station IDAHOBIT Billboard Vandalism and Queer Korean Politics of Visibility“. International Journal of Korean History 28, Nr. 1 (28.02.2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.1.
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This theoretical piece discusses the Sinchon Station IDAHOBIT billboard vandalism case and the collective action that occurred in reaction to it in August 2020 to open more avenues and perspectives for studying queer visibility politics in South Korea. A Bakhtinian “carnival,” the culture of queer Korean visibility politics draws inspirations from many different sources, signifying multiple perspectives and affects that are often considered incompatible with one another. Through semi-structured interviews of individuals who participated in constructing the co-authored space of the IDAHOBIT billboard, this project parses out the eclecticism involved in the creative poaching of Sinchon Station that sources aesthetics and historicity from internationalist queer visibility politics, local traditions of Korean leftist democratic movements, K-pop fan practices, etc. A reconsideration of the Sinchon Station IDAHOBIT billboard as a site of complex intentions pushes us to (borrowing Cedric Robinson and Sunyoung Park’s words) “discover” the historical vein of radically transformative power through queer praxis.
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MD, Moh Muafiqul Khalid. „TRANSFORMATIVE SHIFTS IN RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION: ANALYZING SOCIAL RESPONSES TO USTAZ HANAN ATTAKI'S TRANSITION FROM INDIVIDUAL AUTHORITY TO NAHDLATUL ULAMA (NU) MEMBERSHIP IN INDONESIA“. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 18, Nr. 1 (20.12.2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v18i1.2963.
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Religious social actors exert significant influence in disseminating their ideas to the public. The people has responded to the movement in religious organisation allegiance from Ustaz Hanan Attaki (UHA) to NU. The objective of this study is to examine the reaction to UHA's shift in religious affiliation, focusing on its impact on Indonesian millennials, who constitute a significant portion of its fan base, as well as the underlying reasons behind this transition. The study employed a qualitative methodology, utilising data retrieval techniques on popular social media platforms such as Instagram and Youtube. The author contends that this shift in affiliation direction demonstrates the robustness of traditional religious authority in Indonesia, where religious actors such as ustaz wield significant influence over societal religious transformation. The results suggest that UHA joined NU with the intention of broadening her activity in preaching the notion of hijrah. By affiliating with NU, he saw a chance to mitigate the past resistance encountered in East Java. This action ultimately elicited both positive and negative reactions from UHA followers on the internet, but it did not demonstrate any signs of causing conflict or exerting influence on the decision to alter UHA's religious affiliation.Aktor sosial keagamaan memegang peranan penting dalam mempromosikan ideologi mereka kepada khalayak. Fenomena bergesernya afiliasi ormas keagamaan dari sosok Ustaz Hanan Attaki (UHA) ke NU telah menimbulkan sejumlah respon dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalis respon perubahan afiliasi keagamaan UHA sebagai actor yang sangat popular khususnya di kalangan milineal Indonesia dan apa motif dibalik perubahan afiliasi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui penelusuran data-data di sosial media seperti Instagram dan Youtube. Penulis berargumen bahwa perubahan arah afiliasi ini menunjukkan kekuatan otoritas tradisional keagamaan di Indonesia, dimana actor keagamaan seperti ustaz menjadi tokoh yang sangat berpengaruh dalam perubahan sosial keagamaan di masyarakat. Hasil mengindikasikan bahwa UHA bergabung ke NU karena ingin memperluas lahan garap konsep hijrah dalam dakwahnya, dengan bergabung ke NU ada peluang untuk mereduksi penolakan dakwahnya yang pernah terjadi sebelumnya di Jawa Timur. Perpindahan ini pada akhirnya memunculkan respon pro dan kontra di kalangan netizen pengikut UHA, namun demikian tidak menunjukkan adanya indikasi konflik maupun pengaruh atas keputusan perubahan afiliasi keagamaan UHA.
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R. C Acosta-Fernández, A. Heredia-Barbero und A. Negrón-Mendoza. „Stability of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed Onto Clays and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Relevance in Chemical Evolution“. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 7, Nr. 2 (28.02.2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72011.
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Chemical evolution studies focus on the synthesis and stability of organic molecules during various transformative physicochemical processes. Gaining insight into the possible mechanisms behind these processes requires the use of various energy sources and catalysts that can produce such transformations. In this work, ionizing radiation (60Co) was used as a source of energy, and two clays with different exchangeable cations-sodium and iron (III)-were combined with pyruvic acid, a key alpha keto acid in metabolism. The samples of pyruvic acid were prepared at a concentration of 0.01 M; then, adsorption experiments were carried out by combining sodium or iron montmorillonite at different times. The amount that adsorbed onto iron montmorillonite was greater than the amount that adsorbed onto sodium montmorillonite. Samples of alpha keto acid at the same concentration were irradiated-in the absence of clay-at 0 to 146.1 kGy and at two pHs (6.7 and 2.0). The suspended samples with sodium and iron clay were then irradiated at the same doses. The results show that keto acid decomposes more quickly at more acidic pHs. The main reaction to irradiation without clay involves the dimerization of pyruvic acid, and 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid is the majority product. When irradiated in the presence of clay, the main reaction is decarboxylation, and acetic acid is the majority product. The exchangeable cation type modifies the interactions between the organic molecule and the solid phase. The percentage of recovered pyruvic acid is higher for iron montmorillonite than for sodium montmorillonite.
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Kovačević, Marina, und Ana Batrićević. „Their story: From creative writing of female prisoners to restorative theatre performance“. Kultura, Nr. 170-171 (2021): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2171245k.
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Traditional reaction to crime is inefficient and experts are searching for innovative methods of social rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders. Restorative justice - an approach that respects interests of all the subjects affected by criminal offence, including victims, offenders and community - is becoming increasingly widespread as an addition to classical, formal judicial processes and punishments. Restorative process is efficient due to its powerful transformative mechanisms based upon dialogue, mediation, negotiation, reconciliation, forgiveness, symbolic rituals, reintegrative shaming, community support and control. Restorative elements emerge in various forms, including innovative programmes of work with prisoners, focused on social rehabilitation and reintegration, in order to prevent re-offending. Some of them implement therapeutic effects of art, as a means to help prisoners to: overcome deprivations, express emotions, heal past trauma, (re)establish healthy relationships, enhance empathy, strengthen self-confidence, rebuild positive identity and reintegrate in the community. On the grounds of Boal's "theatre of the oppressed", various forms of socially engaged theatrical genres evolved, including applied theatre, surpassing the borders of classical theatre and getting closer to performance. Theatre within the prison walls being one of them, we took the example of the theatre performance "Her Story", written and performed by prisoners from Correctional Institution for Women in Požarevac, Serbia. Completed through creative writing workshops and played in this penal institution, it is an example of applied theatre based upon art therapy with strong restorative effects. The points of intersection between restorative process and this theatre performance, make it stand out among other forms of applied theatre, providing it with particularly strong transformative effects. Following the case study of "Her Story", the authors of this paper have suggested further application of similar programmes and their promotion within the community, as an effective method of crime suppression through healing powers of art in synergy with restorative elements.
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Sharma, Richa, und Susan Bazilli. „Violence Against Women: What’s Law Got to Do With It? A Reflection on Gang Rape in India“. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, Nr. 3 (29.10.2014): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i3.155.
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The brutal gang rape of a physiotherapy student in India in December 2012 drew the world’s attention to the problem of sexual violence against women in the country. Protests and mass public reaction towards the case pressurized the government to respond to the crisis by changing the laws on sexual violence. However, these new laws have not led to a decrease in VAW. Is this the result of the failure of the rule of law? Or does it highlight the limitations of law in absence of social change? This paper addresses the need for using law as a key tool in addressing violence against women in India. It recognizes that unless we address the structural and root causes of violence against women, our analysis will be limited. It is important to bridge the creation of new laws, with an analysis that speaks to the role of hypermasculinity, neoliberalism and culture in VAW. If unaddressed, what may result instead are quick fixes, symbolized by passing laws that act as token gestures, rather than leading to transformative action.
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Ali, Jan A. „Modernity, Its Crisis and Islamic Revivalism“. Religions 14, Nr. 1 (22.12.2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010015.
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Modernity is a global condition of an ongoing socio-cultural, economic, and political transformation of human experience, with tradition or religion having no significant role to play. It is the gradual decline of the role of religion in modernity through the implementation of the principles of secularism which has, according to Islamic revivalists, plunged the world into crisis or jahiliyya (unGodliness). Revivalists and sociologists such as Anthony Giddens (1991) call it the “crisis of modernity”. In response, many Islamic revivalist movements have emerged to address this condition. The Iranian Revolution of 1978–1979 gave a boost to many existing Islamic revivalist movements and inspired many to appear anew. The phenomenon of contemporary Islamic revivalism is a religious transformative response to the crisis of modernity—i.e., the inability of secularism and the process of secularization to fulfill the promise of delivering a model of perfect global order. Contemporary Islamic revivalism is not anti-modernity but against secularism and is thus an attempt to steer modernity out of its crisis through a comprehensive and robust process of Islamization—the widespread introduction of Islamic rituals, practices, socio-cultural and economic processes, and institutional developments to the pattern of modern everyday living—and transforming modernity from dar al-harb (abode of war) to dar al-Islam (abode of peace). The paper argues that contemporary Islamic revivalism is a complex heterogeneous global phenomenon seeking to steer modernity out of its prevailing crisis through finding in Islam the universal blueprint of life. It further argues that Islamic revivalism is not anti-modernity but is a religious based reaction against the negative consequences of modernity, particularly against secularism, and carving out a space for itself in modernity.
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Chen, Run, Yajun Zhang, Kunpeng Hu, Guanglong Tu und Tianzheng Dou. „Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Coal and Their Mechanism Due to Supercritical CO2–H2O Treatment“. Minerals 13, Nr. 10 (27.09.2023): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13101262.
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The dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) in water forms a ScCO2–H2O system, which exerts a transformative influence on the physicochemical characteristics of coal and significantly impacts the CO2-driven enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery process. Herein, the effect of ScCO2–H2O treatment on the physicochemical properties of coal was simulated in a high-pressure reactor. The migration of major elements, change in the pore structure, and change in the CH4 adsorption capacity of coal after the ScCO2–H2O treatment were detected using plasma emission spectroscopy, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method, and the CH4 adsorption method, respectively. The results show that (1) the ScCO2–H2O treatment led to mineral reactions causing a significant migration of constant elements in the coal. The migration of Ca ions was the most significant, with an increase in their concentration in treated water from 0 to 16–970 mg·L−1, followed by Na, Mg, and K. Al migrated the least, from 0 to 0.004–2.555 mg·L−1. (2) The ScCO2–H2O treatment increased the pore volume and pore-specific surface area (SSA) of the coal via the dissolution and precipitation of minerals in the coal pores. The total pore volume increased from 0.000795–0.011543 to 0.001274–0.014644 cm3·g−1, and the total pore SSA increased from 0.084–3.332 to 0.400–6.061 m2·g−1. (3) Changes in the CH4 adsorption capacity were affected by the combined effects of a mineral reaction and pore structure change. The dissolved precipitates of the minerals in the coal pores after the ScCO2–H2O treatment caused elemental migration, which not only decreased the mineral content in the coal pores but also increased the total pore volume and total pore SSA, thus improving the CH4 adsorption capacity of the coal. This study provides theoretical support for CO2 sequestration and ECBM recovery.
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Cheng, Peini, Kui Dong, Zhiming Kang, Jing Li, Wenjuan Wang, Xiaodan Zhang und Guohong Zhou. „Application of High-Throughput Sequencing Technology in Identifying the Pathogens in Endophthalmitis“. Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (27.08.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4024260.
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Infectious endophthalmitis is an important cause of vision loss worldwide. It is an inflammatory reaction caused by bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms and often occurs as a complication of intraocular surgery, especially following cataract surgery or intravitreal injection. The focus of the prevention and treatment of infectious endophthalmitis is the early detection of microbial flora, such as fungi or bacteria. Current identification methods for bacteria include Gram staining-based, culture-based, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology is now the standard identification method of bacteria and fungi after their isolation in culture. The remarkable sensitivity of PCR technology for the direct detection of micro-organisms in clinical samples makes it particularly useful in culture-positive and culture-negative endophthalmitis. Furthermore, PCR increases the rate of microorganism detection in intraocular samples by 20% and can provide a microbiology diagnosis in approximately 44.7–100% of the culture-negative cases. This review aims to introduce the development of different methods for the detection and identification of micro-organisms causing endophthalmitis through a literature review; introduce the research status of the first, second, and third-generation sequencing technologies in infectious endophthalmitis; and understand the research status of endophthalmitis microbial flora. For slow-growing and rare micro-organisms, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) offers advantages over conventional methods and provides a basis for the identification of pathogens in endophthalmitis cases with negative culture. It is a reliable platform for the identification of pathogenic bacteria of infectious endophthalmitis in the future and provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious endophthalmitis. The application of HTS technology may also be transformative for clinical microbiology and represents an exciting future direction for the epidemiology of ocular infections.
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Silva, Vera L. M., und Artur M. S. Silva. „Palladium-Catalysed Synthesis and Transformation of Quinolones“. Molecules 24, Nr. 2 (09.01.2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020228.
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Palladium-catalysed reactions have had a large impact on synthetic organic chemistry and have found many applications in target-oriented synthesis. Their widespread use in organic synthesis is due to the mild conditions associated with the reactions together with their tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Moreover, these types of reactions allow the rapid construction of complex molecules through multiple bond-forming reactions in a single step, the so-called tandem processes. Pd-catalysed reactions have been applied to the synthesis of a large number of natural products and bioactive compounds, some of them of complex molecular structures. This review article aims to present an overview of the most important Pd-catalysed reactions employed in the synthesis and transformations of quinolin-2(1H)-ones and quinolin-4(1H)-ones. These compounds are widely recognized by their diverse bioactivity, being privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and useful structural moieties for the development of new drug candidates. Furthermore, they hold significant interest due to their host–guest chemistry; applications in chemical, biochemical and environmental analyses and use in the development of new synthetic methods. In some cases, the quinolone formation step cannot be ascribed to a claimed Pd-catalysed reaction but this reaction is crucial to get the appropriate substrate for cyclization into the quinolone. Herein we present and discuss different economical, efficient and selective synthetic strategies to access quinolone-type compounds.
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Attoye, Bukola, Chantevy Pou, Ewen Blair, Christopher Rinaldi, Fiona Thomson, Matthew J. Baker und Damion K. Corrigan. „Developing a Low-Cost, Simple-to-Use Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Circulating Tumour DNA in Human Fluids“. Biosensors 10, Nr. 11 (28.10.2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10110156.
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It is well-known that two major issues, preventing improved outcomes from cancer are late diagnosis and the evolution of drug resistance during chemotherapy, therefore technologies that address these issues can have a transformative effect on healthcare workflows. In this work we present a simple, low-cost DNA biosensor that was developed specifically to detect mutations in a key oncogene (KRAS). The sensor employed was a screen-printed array of carbon electrodes, used to perform parallel measurements of DNA hybridisation. A DNA amplification reaction was developed with primers for mutant and wild type KRAS sequences which amplified target sequences from representative clinical samples to detectable levels in as few as twenty cycles. High levels of sensitivity were demonstrated alongside a clear exemplar of assay specificity by showing the mutant KRAS sequence was detectable against a significant background of wild type DNA following amplification and hybridisation on the sensor surface. The time to result was found to be 3.5 h with considerable potential for optimisation through assay integration. This quick and versatile biosensor has the potential to be deployed in a low-cost, point-of-care test where patients can be screened either for early diagnosis purposes or monitoring of response to therapy.
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Abaturova, I. V., L. A. Storozhenko, E. D. Nugmanova und V. S. Kozlov. „Dynamics of Engineering and Geological Conditions of Mineral Deposits (from Exploration to Exploitation)“. Вестник Пермского университета. Геология 20, Nr. 3 (2021): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/psu.geol.20.3.222.
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The development of mineral deposits has strong transformative effect on the geological environment. At the same time, all the components of geotechnical conditions (relief, structure of rock massifs, hydrogeological and geocryological conditions etc.), formed over a long geological time, are actively changing. Geological processes are activated and new mining-geological processes are formed. New strata are formed on the Earth's surface along with the technogenic formations and technogenic deposits. Today, the scale of technogenesis in mining is comparable to the results of geological activities that have been going on for many millions of years. The reaction of the geological environment is immediate and is expressed in the development of large-scale engineering and geological processes, which often do not allow the further development of mineral resources and threaten the human life. Therefore, even at the early stages of prospecting and/or exploration, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of changes in surrounding medium in order to develop methods for proper managing of the ore extraction. By the example of a number of objects, all the stages of study of engineering-geological conditions are considered, the dynamics of their change, which led to the formation of engineering-geological processes affecting the further development of mineral resource, is estimated.
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Dolev, Niva, Yariv Itzkovich und Orit Fisher-Shalem. „A call for transformation: Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect (EVLN) in response to workplace incivility“. Work 69, Nr. 4 (27.08.2021): 1271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213548.
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BACKGROUND: Interrelations between incivility and its precursors or consequences, as well as the role of these interrelations in employees’ reactions to incivility are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to assess different reactions to workplace incivility while identifying specific and individual-based appraisals and emotions associated with these reactions. METHOD: A qualitative research approach using semi-structured in-depth interviews, with a sample of 42 employees in a beverage manufacturing corporation in Israel to capture employees’ voices regarding their incivility experiences. RESULTS: Analysis of the interviews indicated four reaction-categories: (1) Exit; (2) Voice; (3) Loyalty; and (4) Neglect, in line with the theoretical EVLN model for describing reactions to stressful conditions. In particular, the interviews revealed a dynamic reaction process and suggested that intentionality of reaction provides a third, new dimension. Additionally, an underlying emotional process rooted in appraisals and aroused emotions was evident in each of the reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Organizations that wish to reduce incivility events may wish to examine the emotions of targets of incivility, explore the underlying appraisals associated with these emotions, and be mindful of the dynamic and highly individual reaction processes involved.
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Tekle-Röttering, Agnes, Sungeun Lim, Erika Reisz, Holger V. Lutze, Mohammad Sajjad Abdighahroudi, Sarah Willach, Winfried Schmidt et al. „Reactions of pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole with ozone: kinetics and mechanisms“. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, Nr. 4 (2020): 976–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew01078e.
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Kinetics and transformation products for the reactions of ozone with pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole were determined. For the imidazole–ozone reaction, all possible transformation products were identified, completing the mass balance.
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Bueno de las Heras, Julio L., Antonio Gutiérrez-Lavín, Manuel María Mahamud-López, Marisol Muñiz-Álvarez und Patricia Rodríguez-López. „Towards a Unified Model on the Description and Design of Process Operations: Extending the concept of Separation Units to Solid-fluid Sedimentation“. Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) 12, Nr. 1 (25.06.2019): 15–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666181123094540.
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Background: Bridging the gap between different phenomena, mechanisms and levels of description, different design methods can converge in a unitary way of formulation. This protocol consolidates the analogy and parallelism in the description of any unit operation of separation, as is the particular case of sedimentation. This holistic framework is compatible and complementary with other methodologies handled at length, and tries to contribute to the integration of some imaginative and useful - but marginal, heuristic or rustic- procedures for the design of settlers and thickeners, within well founded and unified methodology. Objective: Classical models for hindered sedimentation allow solid flux in the direction of the gravity field to be formulated by analogy to changes obeying a potential, such as molecular transfer in the direction of the gradient and chemical transformation throughout the reaction coordinate. This article justifies the fundamentals of such a suggestive generalized analogy through the definition of the time of the sedimentation unit (TSU), the effective surface area of a sedimentation unit (ASU) and the number of sedimentation units (NSU), as elements of a sizing equation. Methods: This article also introduces the generalization of the model ab initio: Analogy is a well known and efficient tool, not only in the interpretation of events with academic or coaching purposes, but also in the generalized modelling, prospective, innovation, analysis and synthesis of technological processes. Chemical Engineering protocols for the basic dimensioning of Unit Operations driven by potentials (momentum, heat and mass transfer chemical reaction) are founded in macroscopic balances of mass and energy. Results: These balances, emphatically called “design equations”, result from the integration of mechanistic differential formulations at the microscopic level of description (“equations of variation”). In its turn, these equations include phenomenological terms that may be formulated in corpuscular terms in the field of Chemical Physics. The design equation correlates requirements in equipment (e.g. any practical forms of size and residence or elapsed time for an efficient interaction) to the objectives of the operation (e.g. variations in mass or energy contents of a confined or fluent system). This formulation allows the identification of different contributions: intrinsic terms (related to mechanistic kinetics of the phenomena) and circumstantial terms (related to conditions and variables of operation). Conclusion: In fact, this model suggests that temporal or spatial dimensions of the equipment may be assumed to depend irrespectively on two design contributions: the entity of a representative “unit of operation (or process)” - illustrated by a descriptor of this dimension- and the “number of (these) units” needed to achieve the separating or transformative objectives of the operation.
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Böker, Hans. „Species Transformation Through Reconstruction: Reconstruction Through Active Reaction of Organisms“. Biological Theory 16, Nr. 2 (08.04.2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13752-020-00371-6.
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AbstractComparative biological morphology, incorporating the study of active reaction, is contrasted with genetics as the study of passive mutation. Geneticists investigate anatomical characters, never anatomical constructions, which are capable of reorganization when the biological-morphological equilibrium of the organism has been disturbed. The anatomy of Opisthocomus cristatus and Stringops habroptilus demonstrate that three successive disturbances in the bio-morphological equilibrium are reacted to purposively by anatomical reconstruction. These reactions are no accidental mutations, but are anatomical reactions, related to, and affecting, the organism as a whole. In sharp contrast to such anatomical reaction, resulting, during phylogeny, in reorganization, are the “technics” [i.e., mechanistic bases] of individual development. The hereditary process is, like every physiological or embryological process, a fixed mechanism, which remains constant until an active reaction leads to reconstruction and at the same time an appropriate change of the mechanisms. The remolding of species is therefore no passive, “technical” process, but a creative act of the organisms themselves. [Original English abstract; not translated.]
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DAMOAH, Benjamin. „Reimagining Climate Change Education As a Panacea to Climate Emergencies“. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 4, Nr. 4 (31.07.2023): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i4.590.
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Climate change education refers to the process of educating people about the causes, effects, and solutions to climate change. It is a critical component of efforts to address the global climate crisis, as it helps individuals understand the need for action and empowers them to make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. The paper argued that drastic measures are required to reduce climate change threats, which is a visible adversary that demands the same emergency reaction as the COVID-19 pandemic. Education is considered a response to rising worldwide environmental concerns in the twenty-first century. The world's environmental issues necessitate immediate attention to climate change education. This paper is based on the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory lensed with a transformative paradigm. It explores the present inherent global risk to human health and environmental well-being, as well as its implications for future natural disasters. As a result, this paper contends that an innovative approach to addressing the climate change threat through education is necessary. The paper proposed, among other things, a speedy response to climate change challenges through coordinated worldwide support for climate change education for sustainable development and the inclusion of climate change education in all sectors, integrating climate change education across all disciplines, focusing on social justice and equity, engaging with diverse perspectives, and encouraging action and advocacy.
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Liu, Jin-Ling, Zhi-Mei Tan und Shu-Jie Jiao. „Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with olanzapine and amisulpride for treatment-refractory schizophrenia“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.453.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Cawthorpe, David R. L., und Dan Cohen. „Population-based affective-disorder-related biomedical/biophysical multi-hyper-morbidity across the lifespan: A 16-year population study“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.423.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Yu, Jie, Shou-Rong Lu, Zhuo Wang, Yin Yang, Bin-Shan Zhang, Qiao Xu und Hong Kan. „Role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in screening for mild cognitive disorders“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.478.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Rathod, Shanaya, Saseendran Pallikadavath, Elizabeth Graves, Mohammad M. Rahman, Ashlea Brooks, Pranay Rathod, Rachna Bhargava et al. „Effects of cumulative COVID-19 cases on mental health: Evidence from multi-country survey“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.461.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Zou, Zhi-Li, Jian Qiu, Xiao-Bo Zhou, Yu-Lan Huang, Jin-Yu Wang, Bo Zhou und Yuan Zhang. „Glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with respiratory symptoms in panic disorder“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.435.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Su, Ying-Rui, Xiao-Peng Yu, Li-Qun Huang, Long Xie und Jin-Shun Zha. „Factors influencing postoperative anxiety and depression following Iodine-131 treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: A cross-sectional study“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.486.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Goldstein Ferber, Sari, Gal Shoval, Aron Weller und Gil Zalsman. „Not one thing at a time: When concomitant multiple stressors produce a transdiagnostic clinical picture“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.402.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Liu, Xin-Qiao, Yu-Xin Guo und Xin Wang. „Delivering substance use prevention interventions for adolescents in educational settings: A scoping review“. World Journal of Psychiatry 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.409.
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A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.