Zeitschriftenartikel: „Transfert de coloration“

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Hanaishi, Ryuji, und Kazuhisa A. Chikita. „A Study on the Blue Coloration of Ao-ike Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan: Formulation of a Physical Model in Terms of Radiance and Image Analyses“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 19 (04.10.2021): 9231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199231.

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The blue coloration model of a closed pond, Ao-ike Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, was formulated in terms of radiance by applying a theory of observation devices proposed by Szirmay-Kalos (2008) and Hanaishi’s reverse ray tracing method. In this model, three potential contributions to the coloration were considered; irregular reflection at the Lambertian pond bottom, density fluctuation scattering by water, and Mie scattering by suspended solids. By utilizing model formulas for these mechanisms, some parameters were determined in order to duplicate the images of the pond surface without solar shading by tree leaves above the pond surface, in addition to the images with sunbeam trajectories by solar radiations passing through tree leaves, which are emitted from the water and visible on the surface. Simulating the pictures of the pond surface and the sun-beam-image analyses revealed that the blue colorations of Ao-ike Pond are mainly produced (1) by the density fluctuation scattering of water itself and the white Mie scattering by suspended solids and (2) by the red-light absorption by water in the optical paths before and after the two scatterings. Then, the density fluctuation scattering of water and the Mie scattering by suspended solids exhibited contributions of almost equal magnitude. The contribution of irregular reflections at the pond bottom was judged to be relatively small.

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Park, Hee Sung, Sunghyeok Park, Seung Han Song, Thuy Thi Dao, Hung Van Tran, Seok In Lee, Chi-Hwan Han, Churl Hee Cho und Sungjun Hong. „Effects of Ti-doping amount and annealing temperature on electrochromic performance of sol–gel derived WO₃“. RSC Advances 12, Nr. 27 (2022): 17401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02247h.

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Zhi, Maoyong, Wanxia Huang, Qiwu Shi, Mingzhe Wang und Qibin Wang. „Sol–gel fabrication of WO3/RGO nanocomposite film with enhanced electrochromic performance“. RSC Advances 6, Nr. 72 (2016): 67488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13947g.

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Deng, Yufei, Hua Li, Jian Liang, Jun Liao, Min Huang, Rui Chen, Yinggui Long, Jacques Robichaud und Yahia Djaoued. „Excellent Electrochromic Properties of Ti4+-Induced Nanowires V2O5 Films“. Materials 17, Nr. 19 (24.09.2024): 4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17194680.

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Ti4+-doped V2O5 films with nanowires on top and a dense, long nanorod layer on the bottom were successfully fabricated using the spin-coating route. During the electrochromic cycling, charge transfer resistance (Rct) decreases while ion-diffusion ability (KΩ) rapidly drops in the first ten cycles and then levels off. Low Rct and morphology of nanowires collaboratively improved the electrochromic behavior of Ti4+-doped V2O5 films by enhancing the charge transfer speed and minimizing polarization and dissolution. The obtained Ti4+-doped V2O5 film shows better electrochromic properties than the undoped V2O5 film, with a coloration efficiency (CE) of 34.15 cm2/C, coloration time of 9.00 s, and cyclic retention of 82.6% at cycle 100. In contrast, the corresponding values for the undoped V2O5 film were 23.57 cm2/C, 13.16 s, and 43.6%.

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Fujisawa, Jun-ichi, Natsumi Kikuchi und Minoru Hanaya. „Coloration of tyrosine by organic-semiconductor interfacial charge-transfer transitions“. Chemical Physics Letters 664 (November 2016): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.10.007.

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Luna-Vivaldo, Irán, Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi, María Isabel Jiménez-García, Luis Alfredo Ortega-Clemente und Ana Leticia Platas Pinos. „The coloration of Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Caridea, Atydae) fed with live microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and the cyanobacteria Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis“. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 52, Nr. 2 (30.04.2024): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol52-issue2-fulltext-3000.

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Haematococcus pluvialis synthesizes and accumulates astaxanthins, while Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis produces phycocyanins. The ornamental shrimp Neocaridina davidi is commercially important for its variety and intensity of coloration. We evaluate the effect on the coloration of N. davidi by consuming H. pluvialis and S. platensis as a food supplement to preserve their nutritional quality. H. pluvialis was subjected to stress to obtain aplanospores with astaxanthin. Live microalgae were included in gelled spheres to provide them as a supplement to three-day-old N. davidi juveniles with different phenotypes: wild (NdW), red (NdR), and blue (NdB). The experiment involved the commercial food supply and spheres with or without microalgae for 31 days. Chromatophores present in the uropod of each phenotype were examined, their number and expansion estimated, and the area covered by optical density (OD). Results show that H. pluvialis reached a greater astaxanthin accumulation on day 30. The coloration of the NdR and NdB phenotypes improved by consuming microalgae, increasing the OD in the uropod. NdB phenotype showed better coloration when consuming S. platensis (56.2%), while the NdR phenotype was more favored when consuming H. pluvialis (74.2%). The chromatophores expanded their area by doubling in the NdR and NdB phenotypes, where H. pluvialis increased its intensity four times in NdR. The number of chromatophores was significant only in NdR with S. platensis. In conclusion, gelling is a viable method to preserve the nutritional quality of live microalgae and transfer bioactive compounds that improve the coloration of N. davidi.

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Chang, Ning, Delong Wang, Bing Liu, Da He, Hong Wu und Xiangwei Zhao. „Stable Plasmonic Coloration of Versatile Surfaces via Colloidal Monolayer Transfer Printing“. Advanced Engineering Materials 21, Nr. 8 (27.06.2019): 1900313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201900313.

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Gu, Huiying, Xiaomeng Sun, Qian Zhao, Hongwei Wang, Xinfeng Cheng, Chunxia Yang und Dongfang Qiu. „Near-IR Electrochromic Film with High Optical Contrast and Stability Prepared by Oxidative Electropolymerization of Triphenylamine Modified Terpyridine Platinum(II) Chloride“. Molecules 28, Nr. 24 (09.12.2023): 8027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248027.

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Terpyridine (TPY) platinum(II) chloride with a triphenylamine (TPA) group was successfully synthesized. The strong intramolecular Donor(TPA)-Acceptor(TPY) interaction induced the low-energy absorption band, mixing the spin-allowed singlet dπ(Pt)→π*(TPY) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) with the chloride ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and chloride ligand-to-ligand (TPY) charge transfer (LLCT) transitions, to bathochromically shift to λmax = 449 nm with significant enhancement and broadening effects. Using the cyclic voltammetry method, its oxidative electropolymerization (EP) films on working Pt disk and ITO electrodes were produced with tunable thickness and diffusion controlled redox behavior, which were characterized by the SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and AC impedance methods. Upon applying +1.4 V voltage, the sandwich-type electrochromic device (ECD) with ca. 290 nm thickness of the EP film exhibits a distinct color transformation from red (CIE coordinates: L = 50.75, a = 18.58, b = 5.69) to dark blue (CIE coordinates: L = 45.65, a = −1.35, b = −12.49). Good electrochromic (EC) parameters, such as a large optical contrast (ΔT%) of 78%, quick coloration and bleaching response times of 2.9 s and 1.1 s, high coloration and bleaching efficiencies of 278.0 and 390.5 C−1·cm2, and good cycling stability (maintains 70% of the initial ΔT% value after 3200 voltage switching cycles), were obtained.

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De Bortoli, Gian Marco, Karolina Prawda und Sebastian J. Schlecht. „Active Acoustics with a Phase Cancelling Modal Reverberator“. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 72, Nr. 10 (16.10.2024): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2022.0171.

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Active acoustics (AA) systems are used to electronically modify the acoustics of a room (e.g., in live music venues). AA systems have an inherent feedback component and can suffer from instability and coloration artifacts resulting from too high feedback gains. State-of-the-art methods can improve system stability and coloration, usually at the cost of complex implementations and long parameter-tuning sessions. They can also cause sound artifacts due to time-varying components, limiting the enhancement at low frequencies. This work proposes a time-invariant feedback attenuation method for low frequencies based on a modal reverberator. The attenuation is achieved through destructive acoustic interference, obtained via phase shifts between the input and output signals. The analyzed frequency range is 0–500 Hz, where the room transfer functions are considered highly invariant over time. The results show a gain-before-instability increase of more than 5 dB for a modal reverberator with high mode density in this frequency range. The improvement is also stable for low-magnitude changes in the room transfer functions over time. The proposed method provides a robust AA system with artificial reverberation for the low-frequency range and can be used alongside other established methods.

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Shin, Haijin, Seogjae Seo, Chihyun Park, Jongbeom Na, Minsu Han und Eunkyoung Kim. „Energy saving electrochromic windows from bistable low-HOMO level conjugated polymers“. Energy & Environmental Science 9, Nr. 1 (2016): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03160e.

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Energy saving electrochromic windows were achieved by controlling the interfacial charge transfer using low-HOMO level (E_HOMO < −5 eV) π-conjugated polymers (CPs) as bistable electrochromic films and an ionic liquid as the electrolyte layer. It provided a long bistability (>90 min) at the voltage-off state with a high coloration efficiency (879 cm² C⁻¹).

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Martens, William, und Shuichi Sakamoto. „Effects of vowel coloration on perceived directional offsets between single-syllable speech sounds“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, Nr. 4_supplement (01.10.2023): A112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022963.

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The ability of normal hearing listeners to spatially localize single-syllable speech sounds was examined via a two-interval, two alternative forced choice (2AFC) spatial offset discrimination task. To examine directional biases in horizontal sound localization, this task required listeners to observe the direction of an unseen second talker’s voice immediately after hearing a first talker’s voice in an alternative direction. Listeners reported only the relative frontward versus rearward spatial offset between the two voices heard during each trial. Headphone-based virtual acoustic simulation enabled blind listening tests that were completed without feedback to the listener, revealing the ease with which listeners judged the relative spatial offset of the second speech sound, although those judgments were strongly biased by differences in the source spectra. The single-syllable speech-sound stimuli were processed using individually measured head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) of 15 listeners for whom individually measured earphone transfer functions (ETFs) were also employed. While analysis of the 2AFC response data via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed a generally high level of directional sensitivity, systematic biases were observed that could be explained via the differences in vowel coloration between the first and second source presented during each trial.

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Weis, Musa. „The Performance Prediction of The Mixed Convection In an Inclined Circular Tube Filled Porous Media Based on an Intelligent Control“. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, Nr. 2 (03.05.2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.26.2.02.

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The porous media has a significant impact on the heat transfer and storage properties. The present study focuses on the heat transfer of the mixed convection through a circular tube that filled with a porous media at different angles using a neural network. An experiment had been performed for the Rayleigh number range from 108.54 to 907.73 and the Peclet number range 30.3.-510 using three tests for the heat flux. The result shows the mean relative error about 7.913% and the coloration coefficient (R2) Is 99.18% for the train data. The mean relative error about 6.641% and the R2 is 99.46%, for the test data. The results showed that effectiveness of ANN in the predicted thermal performance in thermal engineering applications such as heat transfer modeling using porous media with airflow.

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Nait Bihi, Abdelilah, Lamiaa Rchida, Younouss Bahou, Mourad Rattal, Azeddine Mouhsen und El Mostafa Oualim. „Investigation of the origin of structural colors in calliphoridae flies for bioinspiration“. Physica Scripta 99, Nr. 8 (26.07.2024): 085554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad6489.

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Abstract The article presents a study of the origin of iridescent structural coloration in the thorax of the Calliphoridae fly, intending to inspire in this fly optical and structural properties of interest for use in industry. We carried out SEM microscopic analyses and modeled optical properties using the transfer matrix. The results indicate that this coloration is due to the presence of a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of two alternating layers of specific thickness. Microscopic analysis using a scanning electron microscope led to this conclusion. Based on these results, a model was proposed describing the structure as consisting of chitin and air. By modulating the optical properties of this structure at different angles of incidence, it was observed that the iridescent colors, notably green, blue, and violet, matched the predictions made by this modulation. These colors are the result of constructive interference. In addition, we observed the presence of a photonic band gap when exploring the influence of the periodicity of chitin and air multilayer in the fly on reflection intensity. Thus, a comparative study of the fly and that emerged in water with a different refractive index revealed consistency in our model. Finally, the results obtained improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this coloration and pave the way for the development of new materials inspired by nature, with potential applications in the fields of biomimetic engineering and optics.

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Wu, Xiao, Xiaozhen Han, Yan Kang, Xiqi Feng und Shouguo Guo. „Effect of Reduction Annealing on the Coloration Mechanism of Yellow Sapphire with High Iron Content“. Crystals 12, Nr. 9 (05.09.2022): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091257.

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The color of yellow sapphire from Africa characterized by high iron content and low levels of other transition metal elements was changed from yellow to grayish-blue after high-temperature reduction annealing. Before reduction annealing, the optical absorption spectra showed that the outer d–d electron transitions of Fe3+ were the main coloring cause of yellow sapphires, but the charge transfer between O2− and Fe3+ may have a greater contribution. The change in lattice parameter indicates that Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ during reduction annealing, and adjacent Fe2+ and Fe3+ form an Fe2+-Fe3+ ion pair. The absorption caused by intervalence charge transfer of Fe2+-Fe3+ is the essential reason for the grayish-blue appearance of yellow sapphires after reduction annealing. The charge compensation mechanism of Fe2+-Fe3+ in natural sapphire is also discussed, and oxygen vacancy is considered to be the most suitable charge compensator for Fe2+-Fe3+.

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Xu, Shi Hong, Guo Qing Huang, Cun Chao Liu und Chun Ping Xiong. „Infrared and Low-Light-Level Image Fusion Method Based on Sparse Representation and Color Transfer“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (Februar 2014): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.462.

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A natural color fusion method for infrared and low-light-level image is proposed. This method utilizes image fusion and color transfer. The fused image uses sparse representation to merge the source images information to be assigned to the Y channel. And then the I and Q channel is combined using Toets method, which extracts the common component from the source images. Finally, the false-color image is obtained by using color transfer technology to the prior pseudo-color YIQ image. Experiments show that the result of our method is information that is more salient, has a higher color contrast, and a more natural color appearance when compared with those produced by the traditional coloration algorithm.

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Saino, N., M. Romano, D. Rubolini, M. Caprioli, A. Costanzo, L. Canova und A. P. Moller. „Melanic coloration differentially predicts transfer of immune factors to eggs with daughters or sons“. Behavioral Ecology 25, Nr. 5 (22.07.2014): 1248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru112.

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Mustroph, Heinz. „Streptomerocyanine dyes“. Physical Sciences Reviews 6, Nr. 6 (21.04.2021): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2020-0211.

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Abstract Dyes synthesized by condensation of e. g. 4-N,N-dialkylaminobenzaldehydes, 5-N,N-dialkylamino-2-thiophenaldehydes or 5-N,N-dialkylamino-2-furaldehydes, with open chain active methylene compounds have been given the labels merocyanine, neutrocyanine, methine or styryl dyes. All these classifications are misnomers. In terms of systematic nomenclature, their proper classification is as streptomerocyanine dyes. They are used in textile coloration and in dye diffusion thermal transfer printing (D2T2). Furthermore, they have been investigated for their potential as sensitizer dyes in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and for photorefractive applications.

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Petrovski, Željko, Mateus P. Moreira, Andreia F. M. Santos, Sunny K. S. Freitas, Noémi Jordão, Renata A. Maia, Ana V. M. Nunes, Luis C. Branco, Hugo Cruz und Pierre M. Esteves. „Ferrocene-Based Porous Organic Polymer (FPOP): Synthesis, Characterization and an Electrochemical Study“. Electrochem 3, Nr. 1 (27.02.2022): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem3010011.

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Ferrocene-based porous organic polymers (FPOPs) were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite) and phenol as starting materials; and two possible mechanisms for polymerization were discussed. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, powder XRD, elemental analysis and ICP (Fe, Na, B) were performed to characterize the prepared materials. The two synthetic approaches produced polymers with different pore sizes: the FPOP synthesized through Bakelite presented a higher surface area (52 m2 g−1) when compared to the one obtained by the bottom-up polymerization from phenol (only 5 m2 g−1). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the material, which decomposed at 350 °C. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the new FPOP on modified electrodes, in ACN and 0.1 M TBAP as an electrolyte, showed fully reversible electron transfer, which is similar to that observed for the ferrocene probe dissolved in the same electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept for an electrochromic device, this novel material was also tested, with a color change detected between yellow/brownish coloration (reduced form) and green/blue coloration (oxidized form). The new hybrid FPOP seems very promising for material science, energy storage and electrochromic applications, as well as for plastic degradation.

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Cormier, Laurent, und Cécile Noirot. „Understanding the Influence of Copper on the Color of Glasses and Glazes: Copper Environment and Redox“. Glass Europe 2 (23.08.2024): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1274.

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This study explores the influence of copper on the color properties of lead and aluminosilicate glasses by using optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. Optical absorption spectra unveil distinct UV absorption characteristics in blue and green compounds, attributed to Cu+ ions, with notable variations depending on glass composition. EPR quantification of copper oxidation states reveals correlations with color variations, particularly evident in UV absorption shifts towards green colors at lower Cu2+ ratios. Redox analysis elucidates color differences in identical compositions subjected to different melting temperatures. Additionally, XANES spectroscopy highlights the role of copper proportions in modulating redox balance. Cu2+ site distortions, assessed through Gaussian fitting of optical absorption spectra and EPR simulations, present challenges in determining the impact of site geometry on color. The presence of copper clusters, inferred from broad absorption bands possibly due to Cu2+-Cu+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT), suggests their contribution to coloration. The apparition of this IVCT contribution appears as the main reason for the sift in coloration from blue to green as the CuO content increases. Overall, the study emphasizes the multifaceted relationships between copper redox state, site distortions, and clustering phenomena in influencing color perceptions in silicate glasses.

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Mi, Yan, Jingyu Ma, Wenting Liang, Chao Xiao, Wanhua Wu, Dayang Zhou, Jiabin Yao et al. „Guest-Binding-Induced Interhetero Hosts Charge Transfer Crystallization: Selective Coloration of Commonly Used Organic Solvents“. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, Nr. 3 (12.01.2021): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c11833.

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Saito, Akira, Kazuma Yamashita, Takuma Hattori und Yuji Kuwahara. „Novel optical applications inspired by the Morpho butterfly’s coloration: technology transfer from reflection to transmission“. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SD (12.04.2022): SD0801. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac571d.

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Abstract Morpho butterfly’s blue is a famous example of structural colors but its mechanisms are exceptional, accompanied by a mystery. This color is created by interference from an ordered nanostructure, whereas the single color in wide angles contradicts the interference. This secret is attributed to a specific nanostructure having both order and disorder. After proof of this mechanism by artificial reproduction, we have found its wide potential applicability, and developed the fabrication technology in several directions. Moreover, by converting this reflective principle to transmission, we have also found a possibility of new optical transmission devices with high transmittance, wide angular spread, low color dispersion, compactness, and controllability of light spread which have been impossible to meet simultaneously. Although our originally proposed nanostructure was difficult to fabricate, we have designed a feasible nanostructure to solve the problem. Finally, a Morpho-type window was successfully fabricated and verified, which can serve as a novel optical diffuser.

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Wenhui Zhou, Jianmin Liu, Miaozhen Li und Erjian Wang. „Electron transfer coloration of fluorane leuco dyes with iodonium salt—an approach for color stabilization“. Dyes and Pigments 36, Nr. 4 (März 1998): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(97)00031-4.

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Storek, Dominik, Frantisek Rund und Petr Marsalek. „Subjective Evaluation of Three Headphone-Based Virtual Sound Source Positioning Methods Including Differential Head-Related Transfer Function“. Archives of Acoustics 41, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0043.

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Abstract This paper analyses the performance of Differential Head-Related Transfer Function (DHRTF), an alternative transfer function for headphone-based virtual sound source positioning within a horizontal plane. This experimental one-channel function is used to reduce processing and avoid timbre affection while preserving signal features important for sound localisation. The use of positioning algorithm employing the DHRTF is compared to two other common positioning methods: amplitude panning and HRTF processing. Results of theoretical comparison and quality assessment of the methods by subjective listening tests are presented. The tests focus on distinctive aspects of the positioning methods: spatial impression, timbre affection, and loudness fluctuations. The results show that the DHRTF positioning method is applicable with very promising performance; it avoids perceptible channel coloration that occurs within the HRTF method, and it delivers spatial impression more successfully than the simple amplitude panning method.

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Lin, Tien-Chai, Bai-Jhong Jheng und Wen-Chang Huang. „Electrochromic Properties of the Vanadium Pentoxide Doped with Nickel as an Ionic Storage Layer“. Energies 14, Nr. 8 (08.04.2021): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082065.

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The electrochromic property of nickel doped vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) deposited by a co-sputtering system is investigated. The structural analysis of the thin film was done by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. The surface morphology of the film was studied by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The composition of the film was detected by an Auger analysis. The electrochromic properties of the device were measured by cyclic voltammetry. For the undoped V2O5 thin film, the charge storage capacity increases with the thickness and is 42.58 mC/cm2 at the thickness of 192.4 nm after 2 h deposition. For the Ni-doped V2O5, the Ni-V-O film shows V2O5 structural dominate with cathode coloration in the lower Ni deposition power region and the charge storage capacity decreases with the increases of the power, while the Ni-V-O film transfers to NiO structural dominate with anodic coloration at the realm of higher Ni doping. The charge storage capacity increases with the increase of Ni doping. It can reach to 101.35 mC/cm2. The Ni-V-O electrochromic film shows improvement of transmittance difference between colored and bleached values and improvement of charge store capacity as it is compared to pure V2O5 films.

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DONG, JIAJIA, ZHENNING CHEN, QINGQING WANG, DELONG GUAN, SHENGQUAN XU und TONY ROBILLARD. „A new species of the genus Hilethera Uvarov, 1923 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) from China and its complete mitochondrial genome“. Zootaxa 4564, Nr. 2 (06.03.2019): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.10.

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The new species, Hilethera xinjiangensis sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) is described based on specimens collected from Xinjiang, northern China. The new species is similar to H. brevipennis Zheng & Lu, 2002 and H. turanica Uvarov, 1925, but differs from: (1) dark brown in general coloration, (2) darker coloration in forewings, (3) forewings longer than H. brevipennis but shorter than H. turanica, (4) cubital area of forewings boarder than H. brevipennis and H. turanica, (5) hind tibiae dark brown with two light yellow pre-basal rings, while dark with one fade pre-basal ring in H. brevipennis and light yellow with three dark rings in H. turanica.In addition, the complete mitogenome of holotype was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The total length of the assembled mitogenome is 16,145 bp, representing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one noncoding region (D-loop region). The new mitogenome sequence is compared with published Oedipodinae mitogenomes and the phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily are reconstructed. The results infer that the gene cox1 could be a useful marker for higher phylogenetic level, while the genes nd5 and rrnL could be potentially useful markers between closely related species.

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Grothe, Timo, und Sebastià V. Amengual Garí. „Measurement of "Reed to Room"-Transfer Functions“. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, Nr. 6 (01.11.2019): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919370.

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A method is proposed here to synthesize the acoustic response of a room to a musical reed wind instrument with tone holes played by a musician. The procedure uses convolution of a) two measured pulse responses and b) the mouthpiece pressure during playing. The novelty of the approach is to include the sound radiation directivity of the source in the impulse response measurement of the room by using the wind instrument's air column as an exciter. At the reed input end of the air column pressure pulses at typical peak pressures of several kilopascals are generated using a compressor and a solenoid valve, which provides a high SNR even at distant measurement positions. For auralization purpose, the source signal measurement is done very close to the sound generation locus, i.e. inside the mouthpiece. Because this measurement is largely insensitive to room acoustics, the proposed method can be considered a very convenient alternative to music recordings in anechoic conditions. As a proof of concept we report here experimental results for the case of a bassoon. The method can be extended to auralizations of reed and lip-reed musical instruments in virtual acoustic scenes, and sheds light on the importance of the reflective and radiative properties of the air column for the sound coloration.

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Crepaz, Markus M. L. „Veto Players, Globalization and the Redistributive Capacity of the State: A Panel Study of 15 OECD Countries“. Journal of Public Policy 21, Nr. 1 (Januar 2001): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x01001015.

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Globalization is said to restrict severely the state's capacity to fulfill its welfare function in advanced industrial societies. This paper tests empirically the redistributive capacity of the state operationalized as the difference in percent of households who live below 50% of the median income in their respective country before taxes and transfers and after taxes and transfers, based on the latest Luxembourg Income Study data. Besides globalization, specific sets of domestic political institutions predictably and systematically affect the redistributive capacity of the state: what is termed ‘collective veto points’ buoy redistribution by the state, while ‘competitive veto points’ have the opposite effect. Partisan coloration is introduced as a control variable which, surprisingly, does not affect this critical function of the welfare state. The research design is a cross-sectionally dominant panel design (N=15, t=2). This study finds evidence that globalization and collective veto points both positively affect the redistributive capacity of the state while the converse is true for competitive veto points.

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Yang, Jia Wei, Xian Ge Xie, Xiao Mei Wang, Chang Qing Ye und Yu Yang Zhou. „Structure-Performance Correlations in Electrochromic Behaviors of Terpyridine-Metal Hybrid Materials“. Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.156.

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Exploring the structure-property relationships is a fundamental but significant work for the design of new molecular. Rationaly designing of electrochromic materials that can switch rapidly and durably requires sophisticated understanding of the correlations between molecular structure and the performance. This work presents four electro-polymerizable metallosupramolecular coordinations self-assembled from triphenylamine-based terpyridine ligands and metal ions (Fe2+, Ru2+). The polymerized metal complexes can exhibit reversible change of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption intensity. Along with the increase of voltage, the intensity of MLCT absorption peaks gradually reduced to disappear. Structure/performance correlations in electrochromic performance, especially the influence of different ligands and metal ions upon the coloration efficiency have been discussed.

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Akrivi, Elli A., Athanasios G. Vlessidis, Dimosthenis L. Giokas und Nikolaos Kourkoumelis. „Gold-Modified Micellar Composites as Colorimetric Probes for the Determination of Low Molecular Weight Thiols in Biological Fluids Using Consumer Electronic Devices“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 6 (17.03.2021): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062705.

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This work describes a new, low-cost and simple-to-use method for the determination of free biothiols in biological fluids. The developed method utilizes the interaction of biothiols with gold ions, previously anchored on micellar assemblies through electrostatic interactions with the hydrophilic headgroup of cationic surfactant micelles. Specifically, the reaction of AuCl4− with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) produces an intense orange coloration, due to the ligand substitution reaction of the Br− for Cl− anions, followed by the coordination of the AuBr4− anions on the micelle surface through electrostatic interactions. When biothiols are added to the solution, they complex with the gold ions and disrupt the AuBr4−–CTAB complex, quenching the initial coloration and inducing a decrease in the light absorbance of the solution. Biothiols are assessed by monitoring their color quenching in an RGB color model, using a flatbed scanner operating in transmittance mode as an inexpensive microtiter plate photometer. The method was applied to determine the biothiol content in urine and blood plasma samples, with satisfactory recoveries (i.e., >67.3–123% using external calibration and 103.8–115% using standard addition calibration) and good reproducibility (RSD < 8.4%, n = 3).

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Meng, Shiyao, Ningwei Sun, Kaixin Su, Xiaogang Zhao, Daming Wang, Hongwei Zhou und Chunhai Chen. „Novel organosoluble polyarylates based on diphenylamine-fluorene units“. High Performance Polymers 30, Nr. 7 (03.10.2017): 864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317734033.

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Two kinds of polyarylates with diphenylamine-fluorene units were synthesized from the bisphenol monomer “ N, N-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-amino-9,9-dimethylfluorene” with two different benzenedicarbonyl chlorides. These polyarylates were highly soluble in N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform and could be easily solution-cast into transparent films. Both of the polyarylates exhibited a couple of reversible redox with half-wave potentials in the range of 0.87–0.90 V. During the electrochromic process, the color of the film changed from colorless (neutral state) to grey green (oxidation state) with a high coloration efficiency of 242 cm2 C−1. Compared with the polyarylates prepared from terephthaloyl chloride, the polyarylates prepared from isophthaloyl chloride exhibited enhanced fluorescence because of the reduced charge-transfer effect. Furthermore, its fluorescence could be reversibly switched under the applied potentials.

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Yan, Ying, und Xiao-Yan Yu. „Gemology, Mineralogy, and Coloration Mechanism of Pinkish-Purple Cobaltoan Dolomite from the Democratic Republic of Congo“. Crystals 12, Nr. 5 (29.04.2022): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050639.

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A pinkish-purple cobaltoan dolomite from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has appeared on the Chinese gemstone market recently. In this study, Raman analysis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and fiber optic spectrometry were used to explore the gemology, mineralogy, and coloration mechanism of cobaltoan dolomite. Results indicate that cobaltoan dolomite is a mineral aggregate with a granular texture. The degree of fineness and luster differs due to mineral (quartz) impurities in the texture. The cobaltoan dolomites are typically associated with carbonates, such as azurite, malachite, spherocobaltite, and the rare species kolwezite, which were documented in this study. The natural presence of magnesite-spherocobaltite solid solution with distinct chemical zoning occurs as crystals in the country rock. The pinkish-purple dolomites are mainly colored by CoO, whose concentrations ranged from 0.966 to 6.111 wt.%. Based on UV-Vis spectroscopy, cobaltoan dolomite showed broad characteristic absorption bands at 531.5 nm, which varied as the concentrations of CoO increased. The origin of the color is related to the electronic transition of Co2+ and charge transfer between the ions.

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Schneider, Jenny, Konstantin Nikitin, Ralf Dillert und Detlef W. Bahnemann. „Laser-flash-photolysis-spectroscopy: a nondestructive method?“ Faraday Discussions 197 (2017): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00193a.

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Herein, we report the effect of the laser illumination during the diffuse-reflectance laser-flash-photolysis measurements on the morphological and optical properties of TiO₂ powders. A grey-blue coloration of the TiO₂ nanoparticles has been observed after intense laser illumination. This is explained by the formation of nonreactive trapped electrons accompanied by the release of oxygen atoms from the TiO₂ matrix as detected by means of UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy. Moreover, in the case of the pure anatase sample a phase transition of some TiO₂ nanoparticles located in the inner region from anatase to rutile occurred. It is suggested that these structural changes in TiO₂ are caused by an energy and charge transfer to the TiO₂ lattice.

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Eliasson, Marybeth K., und Caula A. Beyl. „655 (PS 4) IN VITRO ROOTING AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF PRUNUS SEROTINA USING PACLOBUTRAZOL“. HortScience 28, Nr. 5 (Mai 1993): 545c—545. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.545c.

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Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a triazole growth retardant known to harden various species to stress, was incorporated into the in vitro rooting medium of Prunus serotina var. virens at rates of 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/L with and without 1.0 mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA). PBZ significantly reduced shoot growth in vitro but increased/improved the quality and coloration. Although not significant, the roots appeared shorter, thicker, more numerous, and percentage was higher. The percent water loss from detached leaves of in vitro plantlets was significantly reduced by PBZ and IBA, Four weeks after transfer to the greenhouse, survival was significantly improved by PBZ, IBA, and the combination. The incorporation of PBZ in vitro better enables plantlets of Prunus serotina var. virens to withstand the stresses associated with acclimatization and offers the potential to benefit other more difficult-to-acclimatize plant species.

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Li, Ming. „Characterization of Blue Tourmaline from Madagascar for Exploring Its Color Origin“. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2022 (02.09.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7167793.

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In the research, spectroscopic studies of tourmaline for color origin were performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The research work emphasized the analysis of transition metal atoms, including their valence state and coordination number, in order to better understand the effect of transition metal cations on the color origin. The results showed that the blue color of the crystal is caused by the strong absorption at 725 nm in the red spectrum, which generates a symmetrical and wide absorption band. The absorption band at 725 nm is caused by charge transfer between Fe2+ at the Y site and Fe3+ at the Z site. Other ions in the crystal did not generate absorption lines in the visible spectral range. Besides position, its valence state and coordination number were clarified to reveal color variation and the origin of tourmaline. Most importantly, this spectroscopic analysis method makes the coloration mechanism of charge transfer that is difficult to be uncovered to be clearly revealed, which will provide an available material and chemical method to investigate the structure-property relationship for gems as well as reveal the genesis of beautiful colors.

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Shi, Qin, Huijie Wang, Covi Tran, Xingping Qiu, Françoise M. Winnik, Xiaoling Zhang, Kerong Dai, Mohamed Benderdour und Julio C. Fernandes. „Hydrodynamic Delivery of Chitosan-Folate-DNA Nanoparticles in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis“. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/148763.

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50 kDa chitosan was conjugated with folate, a specific tissue-targeting ligand. Nanoparticles such as chitosan-DNA and folate-chitosan-DNA were prepared by coacervation process. The hydrodynamic intravenous injection of nanoparticles was performed in the right posterior paw in normal and arthritic rats. Our results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of DsRed detected was 5 to 12 times more in the right soleus muscle and in the right gastro muscle than other tissue sections. β-galactosidase gene expression with X-gal substrate and folate-chitosan-plasmid nanoparticles showed best coloration in the soleus muscle. Treated arthritic animals also showed a significant decrease in paw swelling and IL-1β and PGE2concentration in serum compared to untreated rats. This study demonstrated that a nonviral gene therapeutic approach using hydrodynamic delivery could help transfect more efficiently folate-chitosan-DNA nanoparticlesin vitro/in vivoand could decrease inflammation in arthritic rats.

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Zhao, Lili, Junwei Kuang, Weifeng Zhuang, Jie Chao, Wenbo Liao, Xiaobo Fu, Chao Li, Lingyun Ye und Hailu Liu. „Studies on transmittance modulation and ions transfer kinetic based on capacitive-controlled 2D V₂O₅ inverse opal film for electrochromic energy storage application“. Nanotechnology 33, Nr. 5 (12.11.2021): 054001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac317b.

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Abstract Two-dimensional vanadium pentoxide inverse opal (2D V2O5 IO) architecture was fabricated by polystyrene (PS) sphere template assisted electrodeposition process. In comparison to the un-templated V2O5 film, the 2D V2O5 IO film exhibited a highly ordered hexagonal close-packed bowel-like array, as well as noticeable electrochromism, such as transmittance modulation up to 42.6% at 800 nm, high coloration efficiency (28.6 cm2 · C−1), fast ions transfer kinetic (t b = 7.2 s, t c = 2.5 s). These improvements of electrochromic performance were attributed to the ordered morphology with larger surface areas, which considerably shortened the ions diffusion paths and accelerated ions migration. An electrochromic energy storage device assembled from the 2D V2O5 IO film with simultaneous electrochromic and pseudocapacitive performance could not only show transmittance modulation accompanied by multicolor variations but also powered an LCD screen and an LED bulb, demonstrating a promising potential for practical applications.

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Macharoenboon, Kongkit, Warut Siriwut und Ekgachai Jeratthitikul. „A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand“. ZooKeys 1032 (16.04.2021): 17–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.

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Spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae are broadly distributed in the Old World. Despite their use as a model species in biology, evolution, and behavior because of their extraordinary characteristics, the systematics of this group of spiders are still poorly understood. This study elucidates the systematics of Gasteracanthinae in Thailand based on morphological and molecular-based analyses. In total, seven species from three genera, namely Gasteracantha, Macracantha, and Thelacantha, were recorded in Thailand. Shape of abdominal spines, pattern of sigilla, and female genitalia are significant characters for species identification. In contrast, coloration shows highly intraspecific variation in most species within Gasteracanthinae. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of COI, 16S, and H3 genes recovered Gasteracanthinae as a monophyletic group and supports the existence of three clades. Gasteracantha hasselti is placed as a sister taxon to Macracantha arcuata. Hence, we propose to transfer G. hasselti to Macracantha. Moreover, molecular species delimitation analyses (ABGD, bPTP, and GMYC) using 675 bp of COI gene support all nominal species, with evidence of possible additional cryptic species.

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Pujol, M. C., R. Solé, Jna Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, V. Nikolov und C. Zaldo. „Growth and ultraviolet optical properties of KGd1–xREx(WO4)2 single crystals“. Journal of Materials Research 14, Nr. 9 (September 1999): 3739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0505.

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The suitable conditions for growth of KGd(WO4)2 (KGW) and KGd1–xREx(WO4)2— RE = Nd, Er, Yb, Ho, Tm, Pr—by the top-seeded-solution-growth method, using K2W2O7 as solvent, are discussed. The relation between crystal size, mean growth rate, distribution coefficient of the substituting element, and the presence of macrodefects is analyzed. The optical absorption corresponding to the band-gap transition of KGW has been found to be temperature dependent; the absorption threshold energy changes from 34405 cm−1 at 300 K to 35330 cm−1 at 7 K. Narrow pre-edge absorption bands at about 32000 and 32600 cm−1 have been ascribed to Gd3+ intraconfigurational transitions. The photoluminescence of most RE3+ ions has been observed under ultraviolet (UV) excitation close to the absorption threshold of KGW. This suggests the contribution of charge transfer bands. In Pr-doped samples the presence of a minor concentration of Pr4+ could also contribute in this region. The irradiation with UV light does not introduce any significant coloration of our samples.

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Ureta, M. Micaela, Yves Diascorn, Mireille Cambert, Denis Flick, Viviana O. Salvadori und Tiphaine Lucas. „Water transport during bread baking: Impact of the baking temperature and the baking time“. Food Science and Technology International 25, Nr. 3 (27.11.2018): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013218814144.

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The impact of the baking temperature on the moisture profile (in terms of water content), during bread baking was analyzed using a convection oven (three oven temperatures and different baking times). During baking, local water content and temperature were measured at different regions of the crust and crumb. There was found an increase in water content at the core. Water content reached a maximum level (at about 2.5%), with no effect of the baking temperature, and decreased slowly at advanced baking times. Regarding the crust, a theoretical model relating water flux to the driven force (temperature difference between the oven environment and the vaporization front) and the crust thermal resistance was validated with experimental values. Water losses were also reported. The water lost by bread contributes significantly to the energy consumption by this process and its reduction is of concern for conducting the process in a more sustainable manner. A better optimization of heat transfer between the surface (for coloration purposes) and the core (for inflation purposes) could help in this way, together with shorter baking duration and hence higher yield.

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Ogasawara, Kouki, Kazuki Nakamura und Norihisa Kobayashi. „Thermally controlled dual-mode display media with red-green-blue coloration and fluorescence via energy transfer between emission materials and leuco dyes“. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, Nr. 21 (2016): 4805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01027j.

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41

McEvoy, Todd M., und Keith J. Stevenson. „Spatially Resolved Imaging of Inhomogeneous Charge Transfer Behavior in Polymorphous Molybdenum Oxide. II. Correlation of Localized Coloration/Insertion Properties Using Spectroelectrochemical Microscopy“. Langmuir 21, Nr. 8 (April 2005): 3529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la047273i.

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42

Zuevskiy, S. E., und O. P. Filippova. „Research of salt tolerance and body color of bester“. Trudy VNIRO 196 (20.06.2024): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2024-196-151-162.

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The aim: establish the possibility of keeping and growing in sea water with a salinity of more than 18‰ of different age groups of bester on marine fish farms. To investigate the body coloration of the breeders and offspring of the Bester hybrid.Methods used: the research was carried out in 2004–2005 in the Republic of Korea according to standard methods used in fisheries research.Novelty: data were obtained on the transfer of juveniles and yearlings of Bester to the sea water with a salinity of 28–29‰. Research confirmed the fundamental possibility, as well as the prospects for rearing juvenile bester in freshwater recirculating systems with the subsequent transfer of fish to sea water. Various bester’s shades of skin color are described.Result: as a result, the average weights of bester juveniles were established to start the transition to salt water. Analysis of the data showed that yearlings switch to a high salinity of 23–24‰ with a survival rate of more than 73%, and juveniles with low survival rate after 18‰. Ten Bester lines were identified, differing in skin color and fin shape.Practical significance: the experiment already has practical results in the Republic of Korea. Having sufficient resources of salty waters (the Baltic, Black, Caspian and Azov Seas), Russia has prerequisites for the successful cultivation of sturgeon in sea water. The connection of the offspring’s body color and its mother has been established, as well as its diversity depending on the places where sturgeons are cultivating.

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Zubenko, S. O. „The simple method of vegetable oils and oleochemical products acid value determination“. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Nr. 31 (2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2021.31.069.

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Acid value is one of the key technical characteristic of vegetable oils and oleochemicals, obtaining on its basis. The existing standard methods of acid value measurement are relatively complicated and have some disadvantages. There are including utilization of the significant amounts of solvents, throwing out as wastes, and necessity in special equipment for determination. Also, a special issue is visual indication of the equivalence point of indicator transfer from acid to alkali form for intensive colored oils’ samples. Visual indication of the color transfer of phenol-phthalein as indicator (from colorless to pink) is quite difficult. The color transfer of thymolphthalein (from yellow to green) in such condition is not determined. Using of alkali blue 6B is complicated by the necessity of use ethanol and aromatic compounds mixture. In current work the rapid and simple method of acid value determination was proposed. It consists in alkali-acid titration of the sample by sodium butoxide solution in n-butanol with bromothymol blue, n-butanol is also using as solvent. The method was tested on 3 series of the mixtures of the refined sunflower oil and free fatty acids (distilled fatty acids of sunflower and rapeseed oils and chemical grade oleic acid). The fatty acid content in tested mixtures was in range 1-50 % wt. Some disadvantages of traditional methods, such as the necessity of mixed solvents’ and relatively complicated laboratory equipment use, titration in a hot state, effect of temperature changes in the laboratory and difficulties with visual indication of color transfer, were overcame. Proposed method requires only the simplest laboratory glassware (conic flasks, non-calibrated pipettes, hermetically sealed glass vessels for titrant) and technical laboratory scales (weighting accuracy ±0.01 g). The method allows to determine the acid value in wide range of samples, including the samples with intense coloration. The relatively high accuracy of acid value determination was shown. The method sensitivity is 0.02-0.10 mg KOH/g. The time for analyze is enough short (about 5-15 minutes).

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KARASAWA, Satoshi, Toshio ARAKI, Takeharu NAGAI, Hideaki MIZUNO und Atsushi MIYAWAKI. „Cyan-emitting and orange-emitting fluorescent proteins as a donor/acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer“. Biochemical Journal 381, Nr. 1 (22.06.2004): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040321.

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GFP (green fluorescent protein)-based FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) technology has facilitated the exploration of the spatio-temporal patterns of cellular signalling. While most studies have used cyan- and yellow-emitting FPs (fluorescent proteins) as FRET donors and acceptors respectively, this pair of proteins suffers from problems of pH-sensitivity and bleeding between channels. In the present paper, we demonstrate the use of an alternative additional donor/acceptor pair. We have cloned two genes encoding FPs from stony corals. We isolated a cyan-emitting FP from Acropara sp., whose tentacles exhibit cyan coloration. Similar to GFP from Renilla reniformis, the cyan FP forms a tight dimeric complex. We also discovered an orange-emitting FP from Fungia concinna. As the orange FP exists in a complex oligomeric structure, we converted this protein into a monomeric form through the introduction of three amino acid substitutions, recently reported to be effective for converting DsRed into a monomer (Clontech). We used the cyan FP and monomeric orange FP as a donor/acceptor pair to monitor the activity of caspase 3 during apoptosis. Due to the close spectral overlap of the donor emission and acceptor absorption (a large Förster distance), substantial pH-resistance of the donor fluorescence quantum yield and the acceptor absorbance, as well as good separation of the donor and acceptor signals, the new pair can be used for more effective quantitative FRET imaging.

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Zeng, Yu, Zhiyong Fu, Hengjun Chen, Changchun Liu, Shijun Liao und Jingcao Dai. „Photo- and thermally induced coloration of a crystalline MOF accompanying electron transfer and long-lived charge separation in a stable host–guest system“. Chemical Communications 48, Nr. 65 (2012): 8114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc33823h.

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Liu, Li, HongMei Li und JingCao Dai. „Photosensitivity in Ce/Sm-decorated Keggin polyoxomolybdates: an interesting photoinduced coloration phenomenon of mixed-metal clusters involving energy transfer from rare-earth fluorescence“. Science China Chemistry 57, Nr. 6 (01.05.2014): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-014-5081-3.

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Song, Ya, Zhiyu Zhang, Lamei Yan, Ling Zhang, Simin Liu, Shaowen Xie, Lijian Xu und Jingjing Du. „Electrodeposition of Ti-Doped Hierarchically Mesoporous Silica Microspheres/Tungsten Oxide Nanocrystallines Hybrid Films and Their Electrochromic Performance“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 12 (17.12.2019): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121795.

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In this paper, a novel Ti-doped hierarchically mesoporous silica microspheres/tungsten oxide (THMS/WO3) hybrid film was prepared by simultaneous electrodeposition of Ti-doped hierarchically mesoporous silica microspheres (THMSs) and WO3 nanocrystallines onto the fluoride doped tin dioxide (FTO) coated glass substrate. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of THMSs resulted in the hybrid film with improved electrochromic property. Besides, the content of THMSs plays an important role on the electrochromic property of the hybrid film. An excellent electrochromic THMS/WO3 hybrid film with good optical modulation (52.00% at 700 nm), high coloration efficiency (88.84 cm2 C−1 at 700 nm), and superior cycling stability can be prepared by keeping the weight ratio of Na2WO4·2H2O (precursor of WO3):THMSs at 15:1. The outstanding electrochromic performances of the THMS/WO3 hybrid film were mainly attributed to the porous structure, which facilitates the charge-transfer, promotes the electrolyte infiltration and alleviates the expansion of the film during Li+ insertion. This kind of porous THMS/WO3 hybrid film is promising for a wide range of applications in smart homes, green buildings, airplanes, and automobiles.

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Lin, Tao, Wenlong Liu, Bin Yan, Jing Li, Yi Lin, Yinghui Zhao, Zheng Shi und Sheng Chen. „Self-Assembled Polyaniline/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposites for High-Performance Electrochromic Films“. Nanomaterials 11, Nr. 11 (04.11.2021): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112956.

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Electrochromic materials and devices are attracting intense attention because of their low energy consumption and open-circuit memory effect. Considering the difficult processing characteristics of electrochromic conductive polymers, we developed a facile and scalable strategy to prepare solution processable polyaniline (PANI)-based nanocomposites by introducing two-dimensional titanium carbon nanosheets (MXene) through a self-assembly approach. The PANI/MXene nanocomposite can be fabricated into porous films via spray-coating process, which show an obvious synergetic effect of both materials, leading to superior electrochromic properties. The optical contrast of the optimized PANI/MXene film reached as high as 55% at =700 nm, and its response times were 1.3 s for coloration and 2.0 s for bleaching, respectively. In addition, the composite film also showed excellent cycle stability (after 500 cycles, the ΔT retention was above 87%). The improved electrochromic properties are owed to the high conductivity of MXene and the formation of the porous composite film structure, which promote the electronic/ionic transfer and migration efficiency. This research suggests that the self-assembly method and the conductive polymer/MXene nanocomposites have a potential application in the fields of electronic functional films and devices.

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Shtepliuk, Ivan, und Rositsa Yakimova. „Interband Absorption in Few-Layer Graphene Quantum Dots: Effect of Heavy Metals“. Materials 11, Nr. 7 (16.07.2018): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071217.

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Monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with different binding abilities to elemental heavy metals (HMs: Cd, Hg, and Pb) were designed, and their electronic and optical properties were investigated theoretically to understand deeply the optical response under heavy metal exposure. To gain insight into the nature of interband absorption, we performed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations for thickness-varying GQDs. We found that the interband absorption in GQDs can be efficiently tuned by controlling the thickness of GQDs to attain the desirable coloration of the interacting complex. We also show that the strength of the interaction between GQDs and Cd, Hg, and Pb is strongly dependent on the number of sp2-bonded layers. The results suggest that the thickness of GQDs plays an important role in governing the hybridization between locally-excited (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) states of the GQDs. Based on the partial density-of-states (DOS) analysis and in-depth knowledge of excited states, the mechanisms underlying the interband absorption are discussed. This study suggests that GQDs would show an improved sensing performance in the selective colorimetric detection of lead by the thickness control.

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WESENER, THOMAS, LEIF MORITZ und NESRINE AKKARI. „Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953, with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)“. Zootaxa 5263, Nr. 3 (06.04.2023): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6.

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The type species of the monotypic Polyzoniida genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953, D. kalonota Attems, 1953 from Vietnam, is redescribed based on type material. A second species of the genus, D. siphonocryptida n. sp., is described from Laos based on scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and molecular barcoding. The species of Dawydoffia are among the shortest and widest of the Polyzoniida, and resemble in habitus those of the Siphonocryptida genus Siphonocryptus Pocock, 1894, both having pleurites that are completely fused to the tergites. Dawydoffia was previously placed in the family Siphonotidae Cook, 1895, but can be identified as a member of the Holarctic Hirudisomatidae Silvestri, 1896 based on the following morphological characters: the uplifted posterior margins of the tergites, the collum covering part of the head, the position of the male gonapophysis or pseudopenis, the retracted telson, and the ozopores situated close to the tergal margin. However, both Dawydoffia species have a slender paronychium, a character previously known only from the Siphonotidae, but also documented here for Hirudisoma roseum (Victor, 1839). A slight redefinition of the Polyzoniida families is provided. The two Dawydoffia species differ in their coloration, as well as in their somatic and gonopodal characters.

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