Dissertationen zum Thema „Transducteur à ondes planes“
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Levent, Emmanuel. „Modélisation de faisceaux ultrasonores en milieux anisotropes par décomposition en ondes planes“. Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWilm, Mikaël. „Etude et réalisation de transducteurs composites pour l'imagerie acoustique et le contrôle non-destructif“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011338.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellemilliers, de transducteurs élémentaires, qui, d'une part, rendent les modèles unidimensionnels obsolètes, et, d'autre part, les modèles numériques trop lourds au premier abord. Lors de ces travaux de doctorat, nous avons élaboré de nouvelles stratégies de modélisation et de conception des sondes d'imagerie, fondées sur l'exploitation du caractère massivement périodique de telles structures.
Avec en ligne de mire les structures composites piézoélectriques qui constituent le coeur des sondes modernes, nous avons développé deux méthodes numériques complémentaires. La première est fondée sur une méthode éléments
finis / éléments de frontière (FEA/BEM) qui permet de tenir compte, d'une part de la périodicité de la structure, d'autre part des milieux de propagation dans lesquels la structure rayonne. La deuxième méthode repose sur un développement en ondes planes et permet l'analyse des structures composites avec une approche différente qui est celle des structures à bandes d'arrêt encore appelées cristaux phononiques. Cette deuxième approche nous amène à imaginer des motifs qui
diffèrent des classiques barreaux à section carrée et qui nécessitent d'explorer de nouvelles voies quant à la fabrication des composites. Des techniques de microsablage et d'usinage abrasif par ultrasons ont été testées en collaboration avec l'EPFL et le LCEP respectivement.
La flexibilité de la méthode dite FEA/BEM permet de simuler tous types de réseaux périodiques de transducteurs, en fournissant une analyse fine des phénomènes qui y prennent place et en offrant la capacité d'évaluer les effets de diaphonie entre les éléments du réseau. Cette démarche a été appliquée à une sonde commerciale 1-D, architecture qui constitue encore actuellement le quotidien des ingénieurs de conception, et à une architecture de type membranes
micro-usinées sur silicium, qui constitue une révolution conceptuelle dans le domaine de l'imagerie.
Messaoud-Nacer, Nadhira. „Modélisation de faisceaux de transducteurs ultrasonores par décomposition en ondes planes impulsionnelles en milieu homogène ou en présence d'une interface fluide-solide“. Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD735.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManoochehrnia, Pooyan. „Characterisatiοn οf viscοelastic films οn substrate by acοustic micrοscοpy. Direct and inverse prοblems“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH38.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the framework of this PhD thesis, the characterisation of the thick and thin films deposited on asubstrate has been done using acoustic microscopy via direct and inverse problem-solving algorithms.Namely the Strohm’s method is used for direct problem-solving while a variety of mathematical modelsincluding Debye series model (DSM), transmission line model (TLM) and spectral method using ratiobetween multiple reflections model (MRM) have been used to solve inverse-problem. A specificapplication of acoustic microscopy has been used consisting of mounting the plane-wave high frequency(50 MHz and 200MHz) transducers instead of use of the traditional focus transducers used for acousticimaging as well as using full-wave A-scan which could be well extended to bulk analysis of consecutivescans. Models have been validated experimentally by a thick film made of epoxy-resin with thicknessof about 100μm and a thin film made of polish of about 8μm. The characterised parameters includemechanical parameters (e.g. density and thickness) as well as viscoelastic parameters (e.g. acousticlongitudinal velocity and acoustic attenuation) and occasionally transducer phase-shift
Ingremeau, Maxime. „Ondes planes tordues et diffusion chaotique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS477/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with several problems of scattering theory in the semi-classical limit, that is to say, with properties of the generalised eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator at high frequencies. The generalised eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator on the Euclidean space, with a compactly supported smooth potential, may always be written as the sum of an incoming wave and an outgoing wave, plus a term which is negligible at infinity. The scattering matrix relates the incoming part with the outgoing part. The first part of this work deals with the spectrum of the scattering matrix. We show an equidistribution result for the eigenvalues of the scattering matrix, under the hypothesis that the sets of fixed points of some maps defined from the classical dynamics has measure zero. This result was previously known under the additional assumption that the classical dynamics has an empty trapped set.A second part of this work deals with the distorted plane waves, which are a particular family of generalized eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator, which can be written as the sum of a plane wave and a purely outgoing part. We make the hypothesis that the underlying classical dynamics has a hyperbolic trapped set, and that a certain topological pressure is negative. Under these assumptions, we obtain in the semiclassical limit a precise description of distorted plane waves as a convergent sum of Lagrangian states. In particular, we can deduce from this the semiclassical measure associated to distorted plane waves. If we furthermore assume that the manifold has non-positive curvature, and that the potential is zero, these Lagrangian states project on the base manifold without caustics. We deduce from this results on the C^l norms and on the nodal sets of distorted plane waves. We also obtain a lower bound on the number of nodal domains of the sum of two distorted plane waves with close enough incoming directions , for a small generic perturbation of a metric of negative curvature satisfying the topological pressure assumption
Poncelet, Olivier. „Ondes planes hétérogènes à fréquence complexe : modes propres de plaques immergées“. Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10707.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRahman, Shihab. „Modélisation et simulation numérique de flammes planes instationnaires de perchlorate d'ammonium“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolid rocket motors stand among the major propulsion systems used to launch civil and military space devices. They feed on solid propellants, which are usually composed of an oxidizing monopropellant, such as ammonium perchlorate (AP), polymeric binder and aluminum particles. Within the confined chamber of rocket motors, propellant combustion can lead to destructive instability phenomenan, hence numerical research is needed to better understand and overcome those issues. The thesis emphasized in creating a multiphase one-dimensional model to study unsteady combustion of AP. The model takes into account detailed gas-phase chemistry, reactive interface, and acoustic and elastic wave propagation. A numerical solver has been created and has been used to simulate combustion-acoustic coupling for AP. Depending on the interface models used, combustion instabilities were observed across successive spontaneous extinctions and ignitions. Flame response depended on incoming wave frequency and entropic waves were responsible for high amplitude of response
Sebbag, Landry. „Les Lois de la réflexion-réfraction des ondes planes evanescentes et les ondes d'interface“. Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSebbag, Landry. „Les Lois de la réflexion-réfraction des ondes planes évanescentes et les ondes d'interface“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376098253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAicardi, Francesca. „Invariants topologiques des courbes legendriennes“. Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoudani, Mohamed Tahar Amine. „Techniques de traitement des données sismiques OBC dans le domaine (т, p) 2D-3D“. Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204530.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe following PhD thesis deals with methods of water-Iayer multiple attenuation in OBC (Ocean Bottom Cable) data. These multiples are created by the reverberation of primary arrivaIs in the water column. The multiples have a strong negative impact on the final structural image obtained from OBC processing. Ln this document, we propose a new methodology for multiple attenuation by developing a new PZ summation algorithm in the (т,p) domain. We start by expressing the hydrophone and geophone measurements in the plane wave domain. We show that these measurements can be expressed in terms of primary and water-Iayer multiple arrivaIs. These expressions allow us to establish a new algorithm based on the physics of wave propagation in elastic media. The new algorithm also takes into account the properties of OBC acquisitions such as geophone coupling and orientation, impulse response of the sensors and noise characteristics. The new algorithm was first validated on synthetic data and then applied on a real 2D dataset as one step of a processing workflow. This processing sequence results in attenuation of water-Iayer multiples and noise, thus improving image quality in comparison with standard processing approaches. Finally, we extend the processing methodology to 3D datasets through the 3D(т,p) transform. This application is not straightforward and necessitates additional steps in the workflow because, in this context, 3D data interpolation becomes crucial. The final results of the 3D methodology show an important improvement of data quality in comparison with the standard processing sequences
Franco, Christian. „Contribution à l'analyse vibratoire de structures planes raidies : application à l'aéronautique“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11733.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmadei, Marie-Madeleine. „Analyse du fonctionnement et des différentes sources de pertes d'un transducteur basse fréquence de type Tonpilz“. Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of active sonars used in acoustical underwater emission has been neglected during several years. But, now they constitute an overriding research theme. There is a growing need for transducers that produce underwater sound at low or very low frequencies (for increasing detection range) and at high power. For this reason, the « Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches en Détection Sous-Marine » (DCA Toulon) furnished us with a single-range Tonpilz transducer. We theoretically studied vibration amplitudes and stresses along this transducer. Then, we made its electrical, mechanical and thermal characterization in air. Many defects meaning important losses were shown off : the object of our work to identify the different sources of losses. We measured and calculated losses of piezoelectric ceramics which are the active element of the transducer : we showed that they are very low. Then, we sought mounting losses due to bond, rubber, electrodes and prestress. So, different kinds of losses were located and quantified. In the light of these results, we proposed some modifications. Other studies were made concerning the nature and the quality of the piezoceramic material and the surface quality of the ceramics. We made a study in water in an anechoic tank for confirming these previous studies carried out in air
Boyer, Laurent. „Etude des phenomenes de reflexion-refraction des ondes planes acoustiques dans les milieux piezoelectriques“. Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrondel, Sébastien. „Contribution à l’optimisation du contrôle santé intégré par ondes de Lamb : Application à la surveillance de structures aéronautiques“. Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/78128995-960f-471e-a183-bca2c37f9aa6.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhoussine, Drissi Taoufiq. „Évaluation non destructive par ondes guidées de la qualité d’une soudure reliant deux structures planes“. Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the evaluation of the junction of two plates by means of ultrasonic guided waves. The plates are edge to edge welded and are made of different materials. The reflection and transmission of guided Lamb wave on this junction is studied. Different junctions are considered: straight or bevelled, with surface or internal defect. The theoretical coefficients of reflection and transmission are obtained by a multi-modal approach based on the orthogonality relation between the Lamb modes. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used and allows determining the limits of the theoretical model. Finally, an experimental study is performed. It highlights the effects of diffraction that have not been taken into account in the two dimensional theoretical and numerical models
Guénégou, Lionel. „Étude de structures planes anisotropes par la méthode du gradient de phase“. Le Havre, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LEHA0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with the validation of the phase gradient method for anisotropic plates. The derivatives of the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the frequency, the incidence angle and the azimutal angle are studied. The characteristics of the propagating waves in plates, that is to say the dispersion and the reemission curves, but also the energy velocities are simply and accurately obtained by studying those derivatives. The phase gradient method is shown to be an alternative method to root findings in the frequency and the angular complex planes and it permits to obtain good estimates of the frequency and the polar and azimuthal angular resonances. This method allows us to avoid heavy energetic calculations and to estimate the components of the energy velocity. An experimental study has been carried out with a viscoelastic composite plate. The comparative study of the theoritical and experimental frequency derivatives leads to partly solve the inverse problem
PADILLA, FREDERIC. „Applications du formalisme des ondes planes heterogenes dans la diffusion acoustique : ondes circonferentielles et ondes d'interface plane fluide-solide avec un fluide au repos ou en ecoulement uniforme“. Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRibeiro, Monteiro Helder. „Étude de la réfexion-transmission des ondes ultrasonores en présence d'une interface séparant deux milieux anisotropes : prise en compte des ondes inhomogènes“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD506.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeleux, Alban. „Contrôle non destructif de composites par ondes ultrasonores guidées, générées et détectées par multiéléments“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14623/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA technique of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) was developed for the generation and detection of Lamb waves propagating along large plates made of different materials (metal, polymer or fibre-reinforced composite). Based on the use of many elements closely coupled to the plate, this inspection technique differs from the classic Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) because all the transmitters or receivers are grouped in a very localized area, defined by the active surface of a phased array matrix probe, and are not permanently attached and distributed within or on the surface of the test structure. In addition, the principle (known) of the phase shift between the elements is applied to the probe for generating and receiving a pure Lamb mode in (or from) multiple directions along the plate. The delay laws applied to these elements, in transmit mode or receive mode, take into account the dispersive nature of the Lamb wave. Finally, a specific signal processing is applied to compensate the dispersion suffered by the guided waves during their propagation along the test piece. An experimental prototype and its finite element modeling are presented, as well as measurements and simulation results of its performances in terms of modal selectivity and angular directivity. For NDT applications, the construction of images, representing all parts of the test piece, which diffract the guided mode (edges, defects, holes, stiffeners, etc.), has demonstrated the potential (and some limits) of this technique for a quick inspection of large structures, including areas remote from the probe or areas difficult to access
Lasota, Henryk. „Etude du champ acoustique des sources planes dans le domaine temporel“. Valenciennes, 1985. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fee89b5a-c7ee-4e72-afcc-954bb74cb0a2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Jeune Léonard. „Imagerie ultrasonore par émission d'ondes planes pour le contrôle de structures complexes en immersion“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis, made in the non-destructive testing field, presents two new adaptive methods, looking for real-time imaging of structures with complex and irregular surfaces. These methods have been developed for immersion testing (contactless) where water ensure the transmission of the ultrasonic waves in the solid. The general principle of adaptive imaging is to acoustically measure the surface under the probe, then to determine the ultrasonic paths through the complex surface to produce an image inside the material. One of the methods that can be applied to adaptive imaging is the Synthetic Transmit Aperture (STA) method. It provides high quality images and offers the possibility of using different reconstruction modes to improve the defect charaterization, depending on their geometry and orientation. However, it suffers from two major drawbacks: a large amount of data to be stored and processed, and a higher sensibility to random or structural noise than the conventional imaging methods. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose the PlaneWave Imaging (PWI) method, based on plane wave transmissions. The results on a plane surface show that the two methods give similar results in terms of spatial resolution, but PWI is less sensitive to random noise. They also reveal that PWI improves greatly image quality when defects are cracks, and that very few transmissions are needed compared to STA. The STA and PWI methods are then generalized to complex surfaces, and coupled with surface measurement methods to perform adaptive imaging. The two méthods give the same images that those obtained when all the control parameters are known and the adaptive PWI keeps the advantages introduced previously : low sensibility to random noise and reduced number of transmission
Goueygou, Marc. „Formulation explicite de la réponse impulsionnelle de sources planes non bafflées : application au calcul du rayonnement acoustique des structures vibrantes“. Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/01f4b2b2-cfee-44ed-9ff4-28b2d7bc04f8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoubenider, Fouad. „Capteur de niveau a ondes elastiques guidees“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066276.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi, Xiang. „Composants à cristal photonique 2D et 2. 5D contenant des boîtes quantiques GeSi sur silicium pour la nanophotonique proche infrarouge“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis was primarily devoted to theoretical and experimental studies in the near infrared of photonic crystal nanostructures. These nanostructures are constituted by a two-dimensional periodic lattice of air holes in a silicon matrix in which an internal source is integrated. We have shown experimentally that it was possible to probe at room temperature the spectral position and the profile of emission of the defect modes of cavity in the near infrared range thanks to the internal luminescence of GeSi/Si self-assembled quantum dots. The analysis of the various loss mechanisms is used to identify the dominant sources of loss existing in the cavities with 2D photonic crystal on silicon and thus to allow carrying out a modal engineering for a better optical confinement. In particular, we have shown by micro-photoluminescence that it was possible to obtain some defect modes with a high quality factor in 2D photonic crystal cavities with embedded GeSi/Si quantum dots on silicon. In parallel, we have demonstrated another possibility of controlling the quality factor for optical modes, which are located at the center of the Brillouin zone, by an approach combining 2D photonic crystal and 1D Bragg mirror. The control of the photon life time is obtained by the adjustment of thicknesses of the superior layers and the choice of the elementary lattice of the 2D photonic crystal. In addition to the results obtained on a square lattice, several ways of optimization were proposed. The experimental results have been quantitatively interpreted thanks to numeric simulations of different types, principally the FDTD method and the plane waves method
Cobian, Manuel. „Etude ab-initio de l'adsorption de l'acrylonitrile sur la surface de silicium 001“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066409.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreuzet, Michel. „Resonateurs a ondes elastiques de volume en materiaux amorphes“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHelin, Philippe. „Etudes théorique et expérimentale de moteurs piézo-électriques utilisant des ondes de Rayleigh ou de Lamb : Application à une station de micro-convoyage“. Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/28cb056b-60b8-4257-be13-98099a10b40f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouassi, Joseph. „Contribution à l'auscultation dynamique des superstructures par les mesures de la célérité et de l'atténuation des ondes planes élastiques : application au béton“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGARRAUD, ERIC. „Métrologie des vitesses acoustiques : application de l'anémométrie laser à effet doppler à l'étude de la propagation des ondes planes en milieu liquide“. Poitiers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992POIT2283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeri, Ismet. „Etude du double miroir à conjugaison de phase dans les matériaux photoréfractifs à deux centres profonds : Méthode de décompostion en ondes planes“. Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeschamps, Marc. „Etude en ondes planes et faisceaux bornés de la réfraction à une interface liquide-solide : application à la caractérisation viscoélastique des composites“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10628.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouyaté, Mansour. „Génération et détection par réseaux photo-induits d'impulsions acoustiques picosecondes de cisaillement“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734973.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrénet, Dominique. „Application de la technologie multi-éléments à la caractérisation des matériaux par ondes acoustiques de surface en régime impulsionnel“. Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d47c424f-ed1b-4d29-b812-8e210d593fff.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlzaix, Benjamin. „Mathematical and numerical analysis of the Herberthson integral equation dedicated to electromagnetic plane wave scattering“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0578/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is about the scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave incidenton a perfectly conducting smooth surface. It presents the analysis of the properties of a newformulation of the three principal boundary integral equations of electromagnetic scattering theory(EFIE, MFIE and CFIE). The basic idea is to adapt the conventional integral equations toplane-wave scattering by supposing that the phase function of an incident plane wave determinesthe phase function of the induced boundary current distribution.This idea of using the phase in plane wave scattering has previously been studied in highfrequencyscattering, in particular in the theses by Zhou (1995) and Darrigrand (2002) whoadapt the finite element approximation spaces. In this thesis, though, we follow a more recentformulation, given by Herberthson (2008), where the phase function is incorporated in the kerneldistribution of the integral operators.Presenting the modified version of the EFIE and the MFIE (denoted HEFIE and HMFIE) inappropriate function spaces, we prove the existence of a unique solution to this specific formulationand developp an original practical implementation which takes advantage of the gainedexperience on the EFIE/MFIE. Then, we explore another important property provided by thenew formulations: the possibility to reduce the number of degrees of freedom required to get anaccurate solution of the problem
Boissinot, Philippe. „Impedance acoustique de rayonnement dans les antennes planes : impedances mutuelles avec un milieu de propagation de type viscoelastique et application aux directivites d'antenne“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuarradi, Noureddine. „Etude théorique et expérimentale du champ ultrasonore transitoire généré par un transducteur plan dans un milieu solide homogène et isotrope : Approche de la réponse impulsionnelle de diffraction“. Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/00c238b0-7907-4a5d-a70f-ddf9c707e8e9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupuy, Mi-Song. „Analysis of the projector augmented-wave method for electronic structure calculations in periodic settings“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the study of the PAW method (projector augmented-wave) and of a variant called the variational PAW method (VPAW). These methods aim to accelerate the convergence of plane-wave methods in electronic structure calculations. They rely on an invertible transformation applied to the eigenvalue problem, which acts in a neighborhood of each atomic site. The transformation captures some difficulties caused by the Coulomb singularities. The VPAW method is applied to a periodic one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operator with Dirac potentials and analyzed in this setting. Eigenfunctions of this model have derivative jumps similar to the electronic cusps. The derivative jumps of eigenfunctions of the VPAW eigenvalue problem are significantly reduced. Hence, a smaller plane-wave cut-off is required for a given accuracy level. The study of the VPAW method is also carried out for 3D periodic Hamiltonians with Coulomb singularities yielding similar results. In the PAW method, the invertible transformation has infinite sums that are truncated in practice. The induced error is analyzed in the case of the periodic one-dimensional Schrödinger operator with Dirac potentials. Error bounds on the lowest eigenvalue are proved depending on the PAW parameters
Francois, Bruno. „Capteurs passifs à ondes élastiques de surface sans fil pour mesure paramétrique sur une gamme de température étendue (25 / 650ºC)“. Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDevelopment of wireless passive sensor for temperature measurement above 600°C has been performed in the frame of the European SAWHOT project. In this context, surface acoustic wave sensors have been designed, fabricated and characterized by radiofrequency measurement. Physical parameter measured by these sensors is the temperature, reaching values up to 900°C for monitoring in combustion engines andIn ovens used for carbon nano-tubes growth. In order to measure temperature in harsh environments, classical piezoelectric substrates are not usuable: langasite substrate has been considered as a favorable option since it exhibits no transition temperature and is able to operate until its exhibits no transition temperature and is able to operate until its melting temperature, at 1470 °C. regarding the parameters of the surface acoustic waves and the limitation of the fabrication process and devices, the resonators are measured wirelessly in the ISM band centered at 434 MHz (3μm of interdigital transducer period and a transducers with of 1μm). Two main manufacturing technologies are considered, stepper and nano-imprint technologies. The fabricated devices have been packaged by using an innovative process protecting the devices and allowing fir wireless measurements until 700°C. Multiple experiments have been performed in order to characterize the radiofrequency link between the reader and the sensor, the reproducibility of the measurement, the aging effect on the response of the device after high temperature cycles
Demol, Thierry. „Etude de transducteurs en barrette adaptés au contrôle santé par ondes de Lamb de structures aéronautiques composites : application a la caractérisation de l'impact basse vitesse“. Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/97d8f63c-45e8-4817-9d51-8352caa3e003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, aerospace industries widely use composite materials because of their attractive characteristics. Therefore, suitable nondestructive evaluation methods have been developed. Among them, the use of Lamb waves allows the inspection of large plates with a small number of transducers, making it possible to consider eventually the design of smart materials and structures. Within these developments, the objective of this work is to design and evaluate thin transducers, consisting in several independent piezoelectric elements, called “array transducers”. In the first part, we study the propagation of Lamb waves in stratified carbon-epoxy composites, and the different methods available to inspect these materials are presented. In the second part, we design two couples of moveable transducers. The generated waves are identified using different methods and the efficiency of those transducers is compared with that of classical angled transducers. The principle on which the transducers work is verified experimentally, then improvements are proposed. In the third part, the surface of composites of different lay-ups is equipped with array transducers in order to evaluate their efficiency. The final part is devoted to an assessment of the passive behavior of the transducers when a plate is submitted to the low velocity impacts to which the composites under study are highly sensitive. The experimental results show beyond doubt that the impacts responsible for internal damage can be detected through simple signal processing. As is finally shown, all these results open up new prospects as regards the possible uses to which these array transducers can be put
Durin, Bruno. „Configurations dépendantes du temps dans le formalisme perturbatif de le théorie des cordes“. Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011702.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDazzi, Alexandre. „Caractérisations optiques de guides d'ondes planaires photoréfractifs : application aux dispositifs intégrés de traitement optique de l'information“. Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaly, Stéphane. „Interaction d'un faisceau ultrasonore avec un matériau multicouche anisotrope : Génération, propagation, rayonnement d'ondes de Lamb“. Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1441.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of the work presented in this thesis concerns the study of the interaction of an ultrasonic beam with an anisotropic multilayered structure. We have develop a model which allow one to simulate an ultrasonic non-destructive experiments conducted on anisotropic multilayered materials,. The study reveals the physics of the interaction of the acoustic beams with the plate and the nature of the propagation of the modal waves. Consideration of the ultrasonic bounded beam is made by decomposition into monochromatic plane waves. We consider a multilayered anisotropic plate immersed in a fluid media as well as two transducers, one emitter, the other receiver, at arbitrary angle and arranged freely in the space. The goal of this model is to simulate the signal detected by the receiver, following a pressure variation on the front face, and an arbitrary excitation of the emitter. Our software allows one to deal with three-dimensional geometry. We show that the direction of propagation of the modal wave beam, normal to the Lamb wave slowness curve, does not belong any more to the sagittal plane, due to the anisotropy. The deviation of Lamb wave beams is predicted by using two different methods: an analytical method which appeals to Lamb slowness curves, and a numerical method using the software described above. This phenomenon of deviation is illustrated in a numerical and experimental way in the cases of a Carbon-Epoxy unidirectional and multilayered (only numerical results are shown) plates, where the fibres are not contained in the sagittal plane. Then, we present the determination of the Lamb wave energy velocity, when the plate is immersed in water, by using an analytical formulation of the energy velocity vector. Energy vectors are thus studied for miscellaneous structures and notably, the phenomenon of focalisation is presented
Parra, Martinez Juan Pablo. „On multilayered system dynamics and waves in anisotropic poroelastic media“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195801.
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Dridi, Zoulikha. „Les propriétés structurales et électroniques des alliages AlxGa1-xN, InxGa1-xN, et InxAl1-xN : étude par la méthode ab initio des ondes planes augmentées avec linéarisation et potentiel total“. Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaidi, Fadila. „Caractérisation des champs électromagnétiques incidents à partir de mesure in situ pour l'évaluation du débit d'absorption spécifique“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066753.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdao, Saliou. „Développement de capteurs interdigités à ondes acoustiques de surface pour l'estimation de l'humidité dans des structures en béton“. Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we have developed ultrasonic humidity interdigital (IDT) sensors exploiting Rayleigh type Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW). These SAW-IDT sensors are intended to monitor ambient humidity in civil engineering concretes and to monitor the refractory concretes drying at high temperatures (up to 450°C). In the latter case, a sudden evaporation of the residual humidity during a first implementation leads to a damage to the structure from which the interest to ensure the absence of humidity at drying end of the structure. These two applications require the development of new humidity sensors capable of operating at high temperatures and detecting low relative humidity levels in the context of refractory concretes and high relative humidity levels in the context of engineering concretes civil. In addition, the presence of liquid water must not have any effect on the operation of these sensors. To do this, SAW-IDT delay line sensors have been favored. The latter have the particularity of being very sensitive to environmental aspects thanks to the confinement of the acoustic waves energy at the near surface (approximately one wavelength). In addition, in the configuration of these SAW-IDT delay line sensors, it is possible to adapt the materials that compose them (piezoelectric substrates, humidity sensitive layers and electrodes) according to the intended application. In this work, SAW-IDT delay line sensors operating at 30 MHz on lithium niobate substrate and functionalized with a polymeric polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer for low temperature applications and silica layer for high temperature applications have been realized and optimized. First in situ tests could be conducted. It has been shown the potential of these types of humidity sensors both for the monitoring of ambient humidity in civil engineering structures and the monitoring of the refractory concrete drying
Varault, Stefan. „Modélisation et études expérimentales de structures à bande interdite électromagnétique reconfigurables intégrant des capillaires plasmas pour applications micro-ondes“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectromagnetic bandgap structures, often called electromagnetic cristals, are parts of the wide metamaterials familly. They are the subject of intensive studies since the past two decades considering the wide range of applications to which they give access, often impossible to obtain with natural materials, like the negative refraction phenomenom. Generally periodic, these structures are caracterized by three main parameters: the array lattice type, its lattice constant, and the dielectric constant of its constituve materials. Their periodicity can give rise to frequency ranges over which the wave propagation is forbidden, as for Bragg mirors. Moreover, the high anisotropy which caracterizes these materials can allow the control of wave propagation outside these bangaps. They consequently offer both spatial and spectral filtering properties. Typical applications of photonic and electromagnetic cristals include, without being limited to, millimetric or centimetric radiative structures, high impedance surfaces, resonant cavities, or various wave guiding devices, based on total internal reflection or coupled cavities principles. Althought the field of potential technological applications grows rapidly, these structures still often remain essentially passive. As a result, various concepts aiming at bringing them reconfigurable properties have recently emerged, whether by means of ferroelectrics, liquid cristals, or localized components such as diodes or microelectromecanical systems (MEMS), and even more recently, microdischarge plasma arrays. This thesis work forms part from this perspective, and we try to bring solutions based on the use of plasma capillaries in order to achieve reconfigurable or dynamically tunable structures in the microwave regime. Because of the unavoidable losses that necessary come into play with the use of plasmas, we preffered to limit their use by working on localized defects control rather than on arrays entirely composed of plasmas. This studies were conducted both theoretically and experimantally. This work then organises itself in two main steps. Firstly, we developp numerical tools well suited to our configurations, rather special since they involve hollow cylinders where filled with plasma. We rely primarily on the plane wave expansion method for the case of infinite arrays, which we developp in details. Often limited to the dielectric case, we extend it to plasma capillaries arrays, and we implement a comprehensive tool that can handle conventionnal cases (arrays of dielectric, metallic, and plasma rods), but also more specific configurations such as bilayered cylinders involving two different materials for the coating and the core. For the finite lattice case, we make use of the scattering matrix method, which is often limited to plane wave incidences and simple cylinders. We extend it here for an incident gaussian beam, then for an arbitrary incident field, and in the more general case of stratified cylinders. We also implement the case of point sources, thus making possible the computation of the local density of states, which is of great interest in surface modes study for exemple. After these studies, we have at our disposal numerical models covering a very wide field of applications. The second part of the manuscript rather deals with the experimental aspects of this thesis work. Experimental validations of the previous numerical tools are first presented, which are based on dielectric, metallic, and hybrid arrays (containing both dielectric and metallic cylinders). The previously developped numerical tools are then used to design potential switchable and tunable structures involving plasma capillaries. A comprehensive study - both theoretical and experimental - is then conducted concerning plasma-based resonant cavities in order to identify the most suitable kind of technology for the realisation of microwave devices (couplers, demultiplexers). The last part focuses on the improvement of the previous dispositives, which suffer of a weak coupling with the incident wave, by means of surface modes. Those surface modes are then used to achieve a directive antenna whose scaning can dynamically be controlled by means of surface localised plasma capillaries
Rabut, Claire. „Neuroimagerie fonctionnelle ultrasonore 4D et connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale chez l’animal éveillé“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS328.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the application of functional ultrasound imaging for new pre-clinical imaging modalities in rodents. Functional Ultrasound imaging (fUS) is a brain imaging modality based on Doppler imaging which makes possible to image the cerebral vascular activity with a very good sensitivity. As a first step, a new acquisition device was developed to allow transcranial functional imaging in awake, freely moving mice. We applied this device to measure the alteration of functional connectivity induced by a drug model of Alzheimer's disease. The pharmacodynamic study in awake mice allowed us to measure stable and dose dependent alterations in functional connectivity. The study was validated by a classifier automating the distinction of the pathological states using supervised learning. Using a new type of ultrasound scanner, we have also expanded the field of view of fUS imaging to the third dimension. The implemented technology has extended fUS acquisition capabilities to 4D functional. High quality films of the volume cerebral blood dynamics were obtained in rats and showed the feasibility of 4D fUS technology through different functional measurement applications. Finally, we applied the method of supersonic shear wave elastography to the evaluation of the stiffness of functional areas in the brain. We were able to monitor the brain activity by tracking changes in blood volume and at the same time generating shear waves to determine the stiffness of activated functional regions following external stimulations. The work carried out in this thesis has expanded the perspectives of pre-clinical ultrasound functional imaging for neuroscience research
Vanvincq, Olivier. „Etude théorique des propriétés optiques linéaires et non-linéaires des fibres à bandes interdites photoniques à coeur solide“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880192.
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