Dissertationen zum Thema „Transcriptome bactérien“
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Monot, Marc. „Etude génomique de souches hautement pathogènes de clostridium difficile“. Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 2000 both the severity and the mortality of the Clostridium difficile infections increased due to the emergence of new hypervirulent strains. To identify the molecular basis of emergence and increase virulence of CJ difficile strains, we conducted comparative pairwise genetic and transcriptomic analyses from a selection of
Ramos, Cruz Ana Raquel. „Characterization of the surface of segmented filamentous bacteria from the unicellular to filamentous stage“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJousset, Agnès. „analyse génomique et transcriptomique de bactéries productrices de carbapénèmases“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS527.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMultidrug resistant bacteria and in particular carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae remain a major health public challenge. Some successful clones are emerging globally, due to their high transmissibility and their ability to colonize and persist in patients over time. Genomic analyses revealed that the dissemination of KPC carbapenemase is closely related to the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae of the sequence-type (ST) 258 and to few successful plasmids linked to IncFIIk family. However, the reasons of the association between K. pneumoniae ST258, IncFIIk plasmids and KPC that led to the rapid spread of this clone are currently unknown.Furthermore, there is no correlation between expression level of a carbapenemase-encoding gene, in vitro susceptibility to carbapenems and efficiency of a carbapenem-based treatment. Most of the time, KPC-producing K. pneumoniae exhibit a heteroresistant phenotype with carbapenems, but its clinical impact remains unknown. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of carbapenemases expression remain to be explored.The objectives of the thesis are to obtain deeper insights into genomic plasticity of carbapenemase–producing clones, and into the expression of their β-lactamases.The first part of this work was dedicated to the in vivo evolution of a single strain of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 that colonized a patient for almost 5 years. Genomic comparison of 17 isolates revealed a remarkable diversification with occurrence of several mutations with impact on bacterial virulence and susceptibility to antibiotics.Several studies extensively described the genetic structures of blaKPC-carrying plasmids, but information regarding gene expression at the whole plasmid level are lacking. Accordingly, we performed RNA-seq on Escherichia coli TOP10 transformed with an IncFIIk-IncFI blaKPC-2-carrying plasmid, with or without imipenem exposure. In both conditions, plasmid-encoded genes related to antimicrobial resistance and involved in plasmid replication were the most expressed. Imipenem exposure led to a more general response with overexpression of E. coli numerous chromosome-encoded genes involved in oxidative stress response. In addition, analysis of blaKPC-2 gene expression in several species using 5’RACE revealed the presence of several promoters whose strength depends on the bacterial genetic background. This could promote higher expression of blaKPC-2 gene and explain the association of some isoforms of Tn4401 in different species. The tools developed in the frame of this work were also applied to study a single Enterobacter kobei ST125 clone whose natural cephalosporinase (ACT-28) has increased hydrolytic activity towards imipenem. Finally, genomic analysis of the first ESBL-producing Shewanella sp. was performed. It revealed the presence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-2 genes carried on an IncA/C plasmid and a new chromosomally-encoded oxacillinase variant of OXA-48 with carbapenemase activity, called OXA-535. OXA-535 was found to be closely related to OXA-436, another carbapenemase which has recently spread in Enterobacteriaceae. Analysis of the genetic environment of both blaOXA-48-like genes confirmed the role of Shewanella spp. as progenitors of class D carbapenemases.Overall, this work contributes to a better comprehension of the diffusion of multi-drug resistant clones and of the mechanisms implicated in β-lactamase expression
Desriac, Noémie. „Identification d'ARNm en tant que biomarqueurs de résistance acide chez Bacillus weihenstephanensis : vers une intégration de données transcriptomiques dans la prévision du comportement bactérien“. Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0096/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePredictive microbiology is a tool to assess food microbiological risks and optimise food processes. However predictive microbiology which predicts the bacterial behaviour does not take bacterial physiological state into consideration. The aim ofthis work is to identify molecular biomarkers to assess the impact of bacterial adaptation on the subsequent acid resistance. In this study, the acid resistance of Bacillus weihenstephanensis wasinvestigated and mRNAs were identified as acid resistance biomarkers.(i) The bacterial acid resistance of different mildstress adapted cells was quantified using cultural methods. Mild salt-adapted cells were less resistant than cells grown in optimal conditions;and the latter less resistant than acid-adaptedcells. However, the bacterial resistance of B.weihenstephanensis followed the same patternwhen facing acidic changes of the environment and that, whatever the environmental condition previously encountered.(ii) For RT-qPCR gene expression quantifications a specific rotative PCR device based on the PallGeneDisc® Technology was developed.(iii) Omic data and bacterial acid resistances correlation allows the selection of biomarkers to track the more resistant and the more sensitive cells present within the bacterial population.(iv) Both linear and non linear correlations allowed to define two types of biomarkers: ‘Directbiomarker’ for which expression patterns uponmild stress treatment were linearly correlated to the subsequent acid resistance and ‘long-actingbiomarkers’ which were transiently up-regulatedduring mild stress exposure and correlated to increased acid resistance over time.(v) A multivariate analysis was performed to correlate the acid bacterial resistance and the gene expression of vegetative cells. This mathematical method provides the advantage to take gene expressions and their interactions into account and allowed the selection of 9 genes as acid resistance biomarkers of B. weihenstephanensis. Finally, some promising results were also obtained. There by, it would be feasible to use gene expression at a given time to predict the bacterialsurvival behaviour in lethal acid conditions
Coqueiro, Danila Souza Oliveira 1984. „Expressão gênica diferencial induzida por eliciadores (quitosana e ácido salicílico) nos patossistemas citros-Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri e citros-Xylella fastidiosa = Differential gene expression induced by elicitors (chitosan and salicylic acid) in citrus-Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and citrus-Xylella fastidiosa pathosystems“. [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314472.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Avaliou-se as alterações transcricionais em laranja 'Pera' (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) promovidas por quitosana (CHI) e ácido salicílico (SA), utilizando RNA-seq, e o efeito destes compostos no controle do cancro cítrico (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) e da clorose variegada dos citros (CVC - Xylella fastidiosa). As plantas foram tratadas com CHI ou SA e após 48h e 24h, respectivamente, foram coletadas amostras foliares para avaliar seus transcriptomas. Para a avaliação dos eliciadores sobre o cancro cítrico e a CVC, as plantas foram tratadas com CHI ou SA e após 48h e 24h, respectivamente, inoculadas com as duas bactérias separadamente. A partir de 24h da inoculação, foram coletadas amostras foliares para avaliar a curva de crescimento de ambas as bactérias, a redução da severidade e/ou incidência das doenças e respostas de defesa da planta por RT-qPCR. Com os resultados do transcriptoma, observou-se que mais genes foram induzidos pelo tratamento com SA do que com CHI. O tratamento com SA aumentou a expressão de genes que participam da via de sinalização do SA na planta (WRKY50, PR2 e PR-9) e genes da biossíntese do etileno e ácido jasmônico (ACS 12, fator de transcrição contendo domínio AP2 e OPR3). Além disso, promoveu a indução de genes relacionados ao metabolismo secundário, processos redox e estresse biótico. No tratamento com CHI, foi observada maior indução de genes relacionados ao metabolismo secundário. Para ambos os tratamentos, a via da auxina foi reprimida. No experimento para controle do cancro cítrico, observou-se que ambos os eliciadores promoveram reduções na severidade e incidência da doença. Entretanto, a CHI pareceu não interferir diretamente na formação do biofilme pela bactéria, mas pode ter dificultado a multiplicação de X. citri na planta. O SA retardou a entrada da bactéria na planta e, aparentemente, inibiu mais a formação do biofilme bacteriano do que a CHI. Comparações da expressão gênica entre os eliciadores reforçam a ideia de que a CHI tem maior potencial de induzir resistência ao cancro cítrico do que SA. No experimento para o controle da CVC, observou-se que a CHI induziu importantes genes da via do SA (NPR1, TGA, EDS1) e etileno (EIN-3, PR-4) 24h após a inoculação. Aplicações exógenas de SA potencializaram o seu efeito endógeno na planta, pois houve indução de NPR1, TGA e PRs. Entretanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação clara entre a multiplicação de X. fastidiosa, a incidência da doença e o uso da CHI e SA em laranja 'Pera', já que na maioria das avaliações não houve redução da população bacteriana em amostras foliares e não houve redução da incidência em plantas tratadas. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que CHI e SA induziram diversos genes envolvidos em respostas de defesa em laranja 'Pera'. Entretanto, essas respostas podem ser moduladas diferencialmente a depender do patógeno que afeta a planta, pois os eliciadores foram eficientes no controle da X. citri, um patógeno que coloniza o mesófilo da planta, entretanto não foram efetivos no controle da X. fastidiosa, um patógeno que coloniza o xilema da planta, embora respostas de defesa tenham sido expressas nos momentos iniciais (24h) após a inoculação com X. fastidiosa
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate transcriptional modification in sweet orange 'Pera' (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.), promoted by chitosan (CHI) and salicylic acid (SA), using RNA-seq, and the effect of these compounds on citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC - Xylella fastidiosa). Plants were treated with CHI or SA and after 48h and 24h, respectively, leaf samples were collected to assess the transcriptome. In the experiments for disease assessment, the plants were treated with CHI or SA and after 48h and 24h, respectively, inoculated. Starting from 24h after inoculation, leaf samples were collected to evaluate the multiplication of the pathogens (X. citri and X. fastidiosa), reduction of the severity and / or incidence and plant defense responses by RT-qPCR. Based upon the transcriptome results, it was observed that more genes were induced by SA than by CHI. SA treatment increased the expression of genes that participate in the SA signaling pathway in the plant (WRKY50, PR2 and-PR9), and genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and jasmonic acid (ACS 12, transcription factor containing AP2 and OPR3 domain). Besides these, SA promoted induction of genes of secondary metabolism, redox processes and biotic stress. The treatment with CHI exhibited higher induction of genes related to secondary metabolism. For both treatments, the auxin pathway was suppressed. In the experiment for the control of citrus canker, it was observed that both elicitors reduced the severity and incidence of the disease. However, CHI seems not to interfere directly in biofilm formation, but may have hindered the multiplication of X. citri in the plant. The SA slowed down the entry of the bacteria into the plant and, apparently, inhibited the formation of biofilm more efficiently than the CHI. Comparisons of gene expression between elicitors reinforce the idea that CHI has higher potential to induce resistance to citrus canker than SA. In the experiment for the control of CVC, it was observed that the CHI induced important genes of the SA (NPR1, TGA, EDS1) and ethylene (EIN-3, PR-4) pathways 24h after inoculation. Exogenous applications of SA potentiated its endogenous effect in the plant, since there was induction of EDS-1, NPR1, TGA and PRs. However, it was not possible to establish a clear relationship between the multiplication of X. fastidiosa, the incidence of the disease and the use of CHI and SA in 'Pera' sweet orange, since most of the assessments did not show reduction of bacterial populations in leaf samples and there was no reduction of the incidence in treated plants. Based upon the results of this study, it was observed that CHI and SA induced several genes involved in defense responses in 'Pera' sweet orange. However, these responses can be modulated differentially depending on the pathogen that affects the plant. This fact was demonstrated in this study, as elicitors were effective in controlling X. citri, a pathogen that colonizes the mesophyll of the plant, but were not effective in controlling X. fastidiosa, a pathogen that colonizes the xylem of the plant, although defense responses were expressed in the early stages (24 h) after inoculation with X. fastidiosa
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Mandelli, Fernanda. „Estudos dos mecanismos de adaptaçãoo ao estresse oxidativo da bactéria termófila Thermus filiformis = Evaluation of the adaptation mechanisms to the oxidative stress of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus filiformis“. [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256571.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e nitrogênio (ERN) são geradas dentro das células pela exposição a agentes endógenos e exógenos, estas espécies, quando em níveis normais, encontram-se envolvidas na produção de energia, regulação do crescimento celular, sinalização intercelular e síntese de substâncias biológicas importantes. Por outro lado, se produzidas em excesso, podem provocar oxidação lípidica, de proteínas ou do DNA causando o que conhecemos por estresse oxidativo. Para combater o excesso de espécies reativas, os organimos produzem moléculas antioxidantes tais como os carotenoides e enzimas como superóxido dismutase e catalase. No entanto, é difícil apontar as estratégias de adaptação dos micro-organismos em resposta a diferentes condições de estresse através do estudo individual de moléculas produzidas. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo elucidar o genoma, proteoma e transcriptoma bem como a produção de carotenoides da bactéria termófila Thermus filiformis quando submetida à algumas condições de cultivo: presença e ausência de H2O2 e temperatura de crescimento abaixo (63 ?C) e acima (77 ?C) do seu ótimo (70 ?C). Para tanto, o genoma e transcriptoma foram analisados com o emprego de tecnologias de sequenciamento de última geração e ferramentas computacionais, e a proteômica e os carotenoides foram caracterizados por cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas. Além disso, devido à conhecida capacidade antioxidante e alto potencial de aplicabilidade na indústria farmacêutica, cosmética e de formulação de alimentos, foi feita a clonagem, expressão e caracterização da enzima superóxido dismutase de Thermus filiformis (TfSOD). A TfSOD apresentou atividade enzimática utilizando como cofator tanto manganês quanto ferro e termoestabilidade a até 80 ?C. O sequenciamento de DNA produziu um total de 9.680.471 reads pareados e uma montagem com n50 = 85,2Kb, n90 = 17,1kb, contig de maior tamanho com 275,5kb e um tamanho total de 2,46MB. A predição genética resultou em 2.403 genes codificadores de proteínas. Na análise de transcriptoma, 97,1% dos genes codificadores de proteínas preditos apresentaram expressão com valores detectáveis de RSEM (RNA-Seq by Expectation-Maximization). Através da análise do transcriptoma foram identificados 37% e 5,86% dos genes diferencialmente expressos (p-valor<0,05) nos ensaios com diferentes temperaturas e com e sem adição de H2O2, respectivamente. Através da análise do proteoma, no ensaio com diferentes temperaturas, foi encontrado um total de 27,7% proteínas diferencialmente expressas com um FDR (False Discovery Rate) < 0,05%, sendo 20% significativamente diferentes (p-valor<0,05, teste T) e, no ensaio com e sem adição de H2O2, um total de 28,3% com um FDR < 0,05%, sendo 6% significativamente diferentes (p-valor<0,05, teste T). Algumas diferenças foram observadas na produção de carotenoides de acordo com cada condição de cultivo. Quanto ao perfil de carotenoides, nas condições a 70 ?C e a 77 ?C os carotenoides majoritários foram termozeaxantina-15 e termozeaxantina-13, enquanto que para condição a 63 ?C foram termozeaxantina-15 e zeaxantina livre. A amostra cultivada a 70 ?C sem adição de H2O2 apresentou a maior quantidade de carotenoides totais (1.516 ?g/g), por outro lado o extrato rico em carotenoides que apresentou maior capacidade de desativação do radical peroxila (50,5) foi o da amostra com adição de H2O2. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que os principais processos afetados pela mudança de temperatura e adição de peróxido de hidrogênio foram: catabolismo, transcrição e tradução de proteínas. Observou-se também que a alteração na temperatura teve uma maior influencia na expressão diferencial de genes e proteinas do que a adição de peróxido. Através das análises do trancriptoma e do proteoma de T. filiformis foram identificadas enzimas termo-estáveis com potencial de aplicação industrial, como por exemplo alfa-amilases, alfa-galactosidases e esterases. Além disso, o extrato rico em carotenoides dessa bactéria apresentou capacidade de desativar o radical peroxila superior à capacidade de extratos de frutas e até mesmo de padrões de carotenoides
Abstract: Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species are produced in the cells by exposure to endogenous and exogenous agents, these species, when at normal levels, are involved in energy production, cell growth regulation, intercellular signaling and synthesis of important biological substances. On the other hand, if overproduced, can cause lipid, protein and DNA oxidation, leading to what is known as oxidative stress. To combat excessive reactive species, organisms produce antioxidant molecules such as carotenoids and enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, it is difficult to point out the adaptation strategies of microorganisms in response to different stress conditions through the study of individual molecules. Therefore the aim of this research was to elucidate the genome, proteome and transcriptome, as well as the carotenoid production of Thermus filiformis when submitted to the some cultivation conditions under stress: without and with hydrogen peroxide and temperature below (63 ?C) and above (77 ?C) the optimum (70 ?C). In order to achieve this aim, the genome and transcriptome were analyzed using next generation technology and computational tools, and proteome and carotenoids were characterized by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Moreover, due to its known antioxidant capacity and potential application on pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food formulations, a superoxide dismutase from Thermus filiformis (TfSOD) was cloned, expressed and characterized. The TfSOD showed cambialistic characteristics, once it had enzymatic activity with either manganese or iron as cofactor and thermostability until 80 ?C. The DNA sequencing produced a total of 9,680,471 paired reads and the produced assembly had an n50 = 85.2Kb, n90 = 17.1kb, the largest contig size = 275.5kb and total size of 2.46MB. Gene prediction resulted in 2,403 protein coding genes. In the transcriptome analysis, 97.1% of predicted protein coding genes showed detectable expression with RSEM values (RNA-Seq by Expectation-Maximization). Through the computational analysis of T. filiformis transcriptome 37% and 5.86% of the genes significantly different (p-value < 0.05) in the assays with different temperatures and with and without H2O2 were identified, respectivelly. In the total proteome analysis a total of 27.7% proteins were differentially expressed with a FDR (False Discovery Rate) < 0.05%, being 20% significantly different (p-value < 0.05, T-test) in the temperature assay and 28.3% proteins with a FDR (False Discovery Rate) < 0.05%, being 6% significantly different (p-value < 0.05, T-test) in the H2O2 assay. Some changes were observed in the carotenoid production according to the cultivation condition. Regarding to the carotenoid profile, the major carotenoids under conditions at 70 ?C (without and with H2O2) and at 77 ?C were thermozeaxanthin-15 and thermozeaxanthin-13 while at 63 ?C were thermozeaxanthin-15 and free-zeaxanthin. The sample cultivated at 70 ?C without H2O2 showed the highest amount of total carotenoid (1516 ?g/g of dry mass), on the other hand the sample with the highest antioxidant capacity was the one cultivated at 70 ?C with H2O2. The carotenoid rich extract of all conditions studied showed a peroxyl scavenging capacity higher than those carotenoid rich extracts from some fruits and from some carotenoid standards, demonstrating the potential applicability of T. filiformis extracts in industry. The results of this study show that the main processes affected by temperature change and addition of H2O2 were: catabolism, transcription and protein translation. It was also observed that the change in temperature has greater influence on the differential expression of genes and proteins than the H2O2 addition. Through trancriptome and proteome analysis of T. filiformis thermostable enzymes have been identified with potential industrial applications, such as alpha-amylases, alpha-galactosidases and esterases. Moreover, the extract rich in carotenoids of this bacterium had a greater peroxyl radical scavenging capacity than the capacity of fruit extracts and even carotenoids standards
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos
Charles, Hubert. „Analyse du transcriptome de Buchnera aphidicola, la bactérie symbiotique du puceron Acyrthosiphon pisum“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482270.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePothier, Joël F. „Effets des exsudats du blé sur le transcriptome de la bactérie phytostimulatrice Azospirillum“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10191.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlant colonization by phytostimulating bacteria of the genus Azospirillum is an important aspect of the associative symbiosis with the plant, but bacterial responses to the presence of the plant and its exudates are poorly documented. The effect of wheat exudates on Azospirillum transcriptome was studied by following (i) a global approach without a priori, in order to identify exudate-induced genes, and (ii) an approach targeting the phytobeneficial gene acdS. The first one, based on differential fluorescence induction (DFI) promoter trap technique and flow cytometry, identified new exudates-induced genes including nirK (nitrite reductase). The second one showed that several compounds found in exudates regulate the transcription of acdS. This work indicates that exudates have an important effect on gene expression in the bacterial partner
Hua, Anna. „Détection et évaluation de la contamination métallique dans des échantillons environnementaux complexes“. Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to characterize the metallic pollution in the environment, only exhaustive chemical analyzes are performed. While these analyses are sensitive and specific, the lack of information on the bioavailability of pollutants makes this characterization incomplete. To address this problem, biosensing bacteria have been developed. Allowing the quantification of the bioavailable fraction of a pollutant and the evaluation of the associated toxicity, these bioassays have been widely used during the last two decades. However, despite the advantages of this technique, many studies have reported their lack of specificity, limiting their use for environmental applications. This thesis aims to establish a complete methodology of analysis for metallic contamination of environmental samples. In the first part, bioassays were developed for the detection of three metals. To overcome the low specificity of these strains, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of E. coli bacterium was also performed. Following the establishment and the validation of the methodology for large datasets analyzes, specific transcriptomic response profiles dedicated to (i) the presence of metal and (ii) their concentrations were established. These profiles allow the detection of mixed metals in various environmental matrices. Thus, through the development and coupling of biological and chemical analyzes, we have highlighted the potential of this method for a complete characterization of environmental pollution
Mounier, Julie. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes de Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus lors du développement de biofilms sur composés organiques hydrophobes“. Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), such as lipids and hydrocarbons, represent a significant part of the organic matter in the marine environment. Their low solubility in water requires from bacteria that degrade them physiological adaptations to stimulate their mass transfer from the organic to the aqueous phase where they are assimilated. Biofilm formation at the HOC-water interface is one of those adaptations. The marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus (Mh) which is able to use a broad range of HOCs such as alkanes, fatty alcohols and triglycerides, was used as a model to study the biofilm formation at HOCs-water interfaces. The aim of my research was to (i) conduct the functional characterization of aupA and aupB genes which are overexpressed in biofilm on hexadecane, (ii) draw up a list of genes, through a transcriptomic study, that are potentially involved in adhesion and biofilm formation at HOCs-water interfaces in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved.Functional study of aupA and aupB revealed that these two genes form an operon whose expression is activated by various types of HOCs. They have also been shown to be involved in the transport of hexadecane and in biofilm formation on alkanes. The AupA protein is localized in the outer membrane and the predicted lipoprotein AupB is located at the inner membrane. AupA belongs to a subfamily of the FadL-like transporters, specific to marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). The phylogenetic distribution of the aupAB operon restricted to marine bacteria having the ability to degrade alkanes and its presence in multiple copies in somestrains of Alcanivorax sp. strongly suggest that Aup proteins play a key role in the adaptation of HCB to use alkanes as carbon and energy sources. The transcriptomic analysis of Mh cells adhering (after 15 min or 3 h of contact) or forming a biofilm at HOCs-water interfaces revealed significant and early changes in their transcriptome. The expression of many genes involved in the metabolism of HOCs, polysaccharides production, amino acids and ribosomal proteins synthesis is modulated as early as 15 min of adhesion. The overexpression of flagella and chemotaxis genes together with that of pili in adhesion condition suggest a possible motility at the interface during the early stages of biofilm development. In addition, it appears that the transcription factor RpoN is involved in the regulation of biofilm formation in Mh and that prophages could play a role in the structure and/or dispersal of the biofilm. Finally, a potential role of a genomic island in biofilm formation ontriolein was suggested
Rodrigues, Raquel Sofia Mesquita. „Transcriptome analysis of A. molluscorum Av27 following TBT exposure“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11607.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO tributilestanho (TBT) é um composto tóxico com efeitos nefastos para o ambiente. Este composto foi utilizado durante vários anos como componente de tintas anti-vegetativas aplicadas nos cascos dos barcos sendo, por isso, reconhecido mundialmente como uma das fontes de contaminação de ambientes aquáticos. Atualmente, o uso destas tintas está proibido em alguns países, verificando-se uma diminuição na concentração de TBT no ambiente. Apesar disso, devido à estabilidade e persistência deste composto (principalmente nos sedimentos), a poluição por TBT continua a ser preocupante. Aeromonas molluscorum Av27 foi isolada no sedimento da Ria de Aveiro, num local contaminado por TBT. Esta bactéria é tolerante a concentrações elevadas de TBT (até 3 mM) e é capaz de degradar o composto nos seus derivados menos tóxicos, DBT e MBT. Com o intuito de conhecer o(s) mecanismo(s) molecular(es) que estão na base destas propriedades, procedeu-se à análise do transcriptoma desta estirpe por pirosequenciação. Para isso, para além da condição controlo (sem TBT), as células foram expostas a 5 e 50 μM de TBT até atingirem o meio da fase exponencial. A validação dos resultados de pirosequenciação foi feita por PCR em tempo real. De uma forma geral, a análise dos transcriptomas de A. molluscorum Av27 revelou a presença de diversos genes sobre-expressos após exposição ao TBT. Os genes que se relacionam com a atividade enzimática e o transporte/ligação de compostos foram aqueles que sofreram maiores alterações a nível de expressão, propondo-se desta forma o seu envolvimento nos mecanismos de resistência e degradação de TBT. Alguns dos genes sobre-expressos identificados codificam para bombas de efluxo e outras proteínas envolvidas na resistência a antibióticos e metais pesados, corroborando a relação entre a resistência a estes compostos e a resistência ao TBT. Para além disso, foi sugerido que proteínas envolvidas na resposta ao stress térmico podem também desempenhar um papel importante na resistência ao TBT. Tendo em conta a análise feita, não foi possível encontrar uma proteína responsável pela degradação do TBT. No entanto, foram detetadas várias proteínas sobre-expressas de função desconhecida. A anotação destas proteínas é de grande importância, uma vez que poderá contribuir para a elucidação do mecanismo de degradação de TBT nesta bactéria. Em estudos anteriores, demonstrou-se que o gene sugE está envolvido no mecanismo de resistência ao TBT em Av27 e que o seu nível de expressão está dependente da fase de crescimento das células. No presente estudo, foi possível confirmar que o gene sugE é sub-expresso na presença de TBT quando as células atingem a sua fase exponencial. Foi ainda possível notar que genes relacionados com a transcrição estão sub-expressos após exposição ao TBT, indicando que este composto afeta a transcrição genética. O estudo detalhado dos genes identificados neste trabalho, potencialmente envolvidos no mecanismo de resistência e/ou degradação do TBT, poderá contribuir para a compreensão destes mecanismos em A. molluscorum Av27, assim como noutros organismos procariotas.
Tributyltin (TBT) is a toxic compound with a negative impact to the environment. This compound was used for several years as a component of antifouling paints applied to ship hulls, thus contaminating several aquatic environments worldwide. Currently, the use of these paints is prohibited in several countries, and there has been a consequent decrease of TBT concentration in the environment. However, due to the stability and persistence of the compound (mainly in the sediments), TBT pollution remains a serious problem. Aeromonas molluscorum Av27 was isolated in the sediments of Ria de Aveiro, in a TBT contaminated site. This bacterium is tolerant to high TBT concentrations (up to 3 mM) and is able to degrade it into the less toxic compounds DBT and MBT. In order to better understand the molecular mechanism(s) conferring these properties, a transcriptome analysis was carried out. In addition to the control (without TBT), the cells were grown to the mid-log phase in presence of different TBT concentrations (5 and 50 μM). Pyrosequencing analysis was performed in each of the samples. Validation of the transcriptome results was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. The analysis of the transcriptomes of A. molluscorum Av27 revealed that several genes were up-regulated following exposure to TBT. Genes responsible for enzymatic activities and transport/binding were the most affected by TBT exposure and thus, those genes seem to be involved in TBT resistance and degradation. Some efflux pumps and other proteins involved in resistance to antibiotics or heavy metals were found over-expressed when Av27 cells were exposed to TBT, supporting the relationship between the resistance to these compounds and resistance to TBT. Furthermore, a possible role of heat-shock proteins in TBT resistance in A. molluscorum Av27 was also suggested. So far, the analysis of the transcriptome didn’t allow the identification of the protein responsible for TBT degradation in A. molluscorum Av27. However, several proteins of unknown function were over-expressed in the presence of the toxic compound. The annotation of such proteins is important, since it might help to elucidate the TBT degradation mechanisms in this bacterium. Previous studies demonstrated that the sugE gene is involved in TBT resistance in Av27 strain, and that its’ expression levels depend on the growth phase. Likewise, in the present study, the sugE gene was over-expressed when the cells were grown to the mid-log phase. It was also verified that several transcription-related genes were under-expressed in A. molluscorum Av27 following exposure to TBT, suggesting that this compound negatively affects genetic transcription. Further investigation of the genes potentially involved in TBT resistance/degradation may contribute to a better understanding of these mechanisms in A. molluscorum Av27, as well as in other prokaryotes.
Hommais, Florence. „Contrôle Collectif de l'Expression des Gènes en Réponse au pH Acide chez les Bactéries à Gram Négatif“. Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleViñuelas, José. „Caractérisation des capacités de régulation génétique de la bactérie Buchnera aphidicola en liaison avec sa fonction symbiotique chez le puceron Acyrthosiphon pisum“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0098/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe association between the bacterium Buchnera aphidicola and the aphids is one of the best studied examples of symbiosis in terms of evolution, biochemical exchanges and, more recently, molecular interactions. It is admitted that Buchnera provides the insects with essential amino acids, nutrients in short supply in the sole source of food for aphids, the plant phloem sap. However, the question of the molecular mechanisms regulating the response of the symbiont to the changing demands imposed by the host remains open. To answer this question, in the first part of this thesis, we analyzed the relationships between gene expression levels and chromosome organization in Buchnera, and we showed a reciprocal influence of these two parameters. In the second part of this work, we demonstrated that the bacterium is able to adjust its leucine biosynthesis levels in response to variations of the concentration of this amino acid in the aphids diet. The underlying molecular mechanisms consist of a fast transcriptional response, followed by a modification of the copy number of the pLeu plasmid, which carries the leucine biosynthetic genes. All these results suggest that Buchnera has preserved, in spite of the reduction of its genome, regulatory capabilities that are essential for the aphids adaptation to environmental constraints
Bourneuf, Emmanuelle. „Transcriptome hépatique et régulation génétique de la lipogenèse chez le poulet de chair“. Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARI036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleREYMOND, Nancie. „Bioinformatique des puces à ADN et application à l'analyse du transcriptome de Buchnera aphidicola“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008630.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoerini, Luciane Fender. „Expressão de genes das vias de jasmonato e etileno na resposta de plantas de citros às bactérias Candidatus Liberibacter spp., causadoras do Huanglongbing“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-16062014-094145/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe citrus industry stands out in the Brazilian agribusiness generating direct and indirect jobs and significant revenues. However, the citrus crop faces several diseases, especially the HLB (Huanglongbing, ex-greening), which, in the last ten years, have caused severe losses to growers. In Brazil, HLB is caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Ca. Liberibacter americanus, which are restricted to the phloem and induce symptoms similar to those caused by nutrient deficiency in citrus leaves and branches. Fruits are of reduced size and asymmetrical, and the plants tend to show overall yellowing. These symptoms altogether lead to the economical death of the plant. Transmission of the pathogens occurs naturally by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, or by contaminated buds. All citrus varieties and relatives are considered susceptible to HLB; however, there are clear differences in levels of susceptibility among genotypes. Poncirus trifoliata, for instance, exhibits some resistance or tolerance to the disease. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Ca. Liberibacter spp. and the molecular responses of the hosts to the infection are still unknown, but emphasis has been given to the defense mechanisms induced by plant hormones in order to try to elucidate the interactions of such complex pathosystem. Based on this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the expression profile of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. (susceptible) and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (resistant or tolerant) genes associated with the jasmonate and ethylene pathways in response to infection by both species of Ca. Liberibacter spp. causing HLB in Brazil, separately. The transcriptional profiles did not differ statistically, for the evaluated genes, including those in the jasmonate biosynthesis and metabolism (LOX2, AOC3 and JMT), signaling pathway (JAZ2 and MYC2), biosynthesis of ethylene (SAM1), ethylene receptors (ETR1, ERS1 and EIN4), negative regulator of ethylene (CTR1), positive regulator of ethylene signaling (EIN2), transcription factors (EIN3, EIL1, ERF1, ERF2, ERF/AP2), a MAPkinase (MAPK6) and a PR protein (PR-4). These results suggest that the jasmonate and ethylene pathways exhibit some modulation caused by the bacteria Ca Liberibacter spp. However, it does not seem that these pathways are relevant for the differential response of susceptibility or resistance/ tolerance of the citrus genotypes to HLB.
Carpentier, Anne-Sophie. „Le transcriptome : un domaine d'application pour lesstatistiques, de nouveaux horizons pour la biologie“. Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067855.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellestatistique afin d'obtenir des conclusions fiables. Les biologistes ont du mal à faire un choix dans la
foule de méthodes existantes. Afin de déterminer quelle méthode est la plus adéquate pour la
problématique abordée, des comparaisons de méthodes d'analyse disponibles sont nécessaires.
Actuellement les critères de comparaison se révèlent soit lacunaires ou soit non pertinents du point de
vue biologique.
Nous avons introduit un nouveau critère biologique de comparaison des méthodes d'analyse du
transcriptome fondé sur une structure des génomes bactériens : les opérons. Les gènes d'un opéron
sont généralement transcrits sur un même ARNm. Si un gène d'un opéron bactérien est identifié, les
autres gènes de l'opéron devraient l'être également. Nous avons ainsi comparé des méthodes
d'analyse appliquées au transcriptome : l'ACP et l'ACI, respectivement analyses en composantes
principales et indépendantes, l'ANOVA, analyse de variance, la régression des moindres carrés
partiels PLS et différents t-tests. Chaque méthode aborde le nuage de données d'un point de vue
différent ce qui donne des résultats complémentaires. Globalement, l'ACI a fourni les meilleurs
résultats tant en sensibilité qu'en terme de précision.
Un autre aspect, en plein développement, de l'analyse du transcriptome est la méta-analyse de
données d'origines diverses malgré les biais inhérents à cette technologie. Généralement ces métaanalyses
visent à préciser les résultats concernant des gènes différentiellement exprimés ou coexprimés.
Elles ouvrent également la possibilité d'étudier de nouveaux champs en biologie. Nous
avons utilisé des données de transcriptome indépendantes afin d'étudier l'organisation de l'expression
des gènes et, ainsi, celle du chromosome bactérien. L'étude du transcriptome de trois bactéries, B.
subtilis, E. coli et S. meliloti a révélé des corrélations d'expression à longue distance valables quel que
soit le gène étudié. Les structures en opéron se manifestent clairement au travers de cette étude, qui
a également permis de préciser que la co-expression de gènes proches s'étend au-delà des opérons
dans une région qui se répand jusqu'à une centaine de gènes.
Pour conclure, l'analyse du transcriptome n'a pas réellement nécessité la mise au point de méthodes
d'analyse statistiques spécifiques. Cependant, elle permet d'aborder de nouveaux horizons dans la
biologie, et notamment l'organisation chromosomique du génome bactérien.
Pruneau, Ludovic. „Analyse du transcriptome d'Ehrlichia ruminantium agent causal de la cowdriose : mise en évidence des gènes impliqués dans la virulence et les mécanismes d'atténuation et application à l'élaboration d'un vaccin recombinant“. Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0562/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTranscriptomic study of gardel and senegal both virulent and attenuated e. ruminantium strains was conducted during my phd. an analysis of transcriptome at different stages of development has been first conducted for virulent gardel strain. at reticulate body stage (intracellular form non-infectious), over-expression of genes coding for proteins involved in metabolism, transport and exchange of nutrients and resistance to oxidative stress was observed. at this stage of development, e. ruminantium seems to activate mechanisms for its survival and development within the host cell. at elementary body stage, dksa the gene encoding for a transcription factor was over-expressed. this gene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of virulence factors. it seems, therefore, at the elementary body stage, e. ruminantium induces its virulence factors. secondly, we compare the transcriptome of elementary body between virulent and attenuated strains. our results showed an important membrane modification of attenuated and virulent strains. for attenuated strains, we observed an over-expression of genes involved in membrane biogenesis and a diminution of expression of map multigenic family. it seems that map proteins subvert the protective immune response. hypothetical membrane proteins are over-expressed in both virulent and attenuated strains. some over-expressed proteins in attenuated strains seem to be good vaccine candidates and willstudied
Gault, Manon. „L’homéostasie des métaux chez la bactérie Escherichia coli : de l’analyse générale d’un stress sur l’expression des gènes, à la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0130/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetals are necessary components of all living cells because they are constitutive of many essential proteins. Nickel, for example, is required for hydrogenase activity, which is essential for the energetic metabolism. However, metals become toxic when present in excess. Prokaryotes can overcome this toxicity by using several systems of resistance or adaptation. Import systems must be repressed whereas export pathways activated. This work consists in bringing out the principal strategies established by Escherichia coli for accommodating a stress caused by an excess of Ni ions. In order to understand the cellular response, the effect of nickel stress has been evaluated in E. coli by a transcriptomic approach coupled to functional validation. Excess Ni induces the biosynthesis of the efflux system RcnRAB. In addition to the RcnA efflux pump, this system contains a periplasmic protein called RcnB. This protein modulates Ni and Co traffic. RcnB displayed no Ni or Co binding capacity but was shown to bing Cu ions. RcnB was characterized as a new family of cupro-protein. We showed that RcnB is not involved in the control of Cu homeostasis but that Cu binding is essential for its Ni and Co efflux function. Our results suggest connections between different systems of metals homeostasis. Indeed, RNA-Seq data analysis revealed that exposure to Ni induces strong variations of the expression of genes involved in Cu and Fe homeostasis. Our results correlated with an increase of intracellular Cu and Fe pools as assayed by plasma spectrometry. Both metals are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and generate serious cell damages, targeting DNA for example. We showed that Ni ions do not trigger DNA breakage and are not mutagenic. On the other hand, Ni stress has a strong effect on DNA folding. We propose that excess Ni causes DNA relaxation by the indirect induction of oxidative stress. Furthermore, we identified the first transport system specific for Ni ions localized in the outer membrane. This system, composed of YddA and YddB, allows the transfer of Ni ions accross the two membranes. The genes encoding these proteins are expressed in conditions evocative of a biofilm lifestyle. Moreover, this work showed that Ni stress promotes biofilm growth instead of a planktonic one. Indeed, in the presence of an excess of Ni ions, genes encoding flagella are down regulated whereas genes encoding adherence structures are up regulated. To conclude, an excess of Ni ions affects specific metals import and efflux systems unbalancing intracellular Fe and Cu contents. These metals in turn generate ROS that are toxic for the bacterial cells. Ni stress induces large transcriptomic modifications causing major physiological changes important for the survival of the bacteria
Chabeaud, Philippe (1971. „Identification d'un opéron phase variable chez "Pseudomonas brassicacearum" NFM421, effet de "Pseudomonas brassicacearum" NFM421 sur le transcriptome partiel d'"Arabidopsis thaliana" écotype WS par la technique des filtres à haute densité“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGopalan, Nair Rekha. „Déterminants moléculaires de l'adaptation à l'hôte chez la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a destructive plant pathogen that infects more than 250-plant species including tomato, potato, pelargonium, ginger and banana. In addition, this multihost pathogen is known for rapid adaptation to new plant species and new environments. In order to overcome this pathogen, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern host adaptation. The objectives of this thesis were (1) to decipher the genetic bases of adaptation of a RSSC strain to a resistant cultivar, (2) to investigate the potential role of epigenetic modifications in host adaptation and (3) to analyze to impact of the plant species on genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic modifications in RSSC adapted clones. This study was conducted on clones generated by experimental evolution of GMI1000 RSSC strain after 300 generation of serial passages on the resistant tomato ‘Hawaii 7996’ plant, the susceptible eggplant ‘Zebrina’ and the tolerant plant Bean ‘Blanc precoce’. Competitive experiments with the GMI1000 ancestral clone demonstrated that 95% of the clones evolved on Hawaii 7996 were better adapted to the growth into this tomato plant than the ancestral clone. Genomic sequence analysis of these adapted clones found between 0 and 2 mutations per clone and we demonstrated that they were adaptive mutations. Transcriptome analysis of the Hawaii, Zebrina and Bean evolved clones revealed a convergence towards a global rewiring of the virulence regulatory network as evidenced by largely overlapping gene expression profiles. Two transcription regulators, HrpB, the activator of the type 3 secretion system regulon and EfpR, a global regulator of virulence and metabolic functions, emerged as key nodes of this regulatory network that were frequently targeted by either genetic or potential epigenetic modification affecting their expression. Significant transcriptomic variations were also detected in evolved clones showing no mutation, suggesting a potential role of epigenetic modifications in adaptation. Comparison of the DNA methylation profiles between the evolved clones and the ancestral clone revealed between 13 and 35 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). No impact of the host plant on the list of DMRs appeared. Some of these DMRs targeted genes that were identified to be differentially expressed between the evolved clones and the ancestral clone. This result supported the hypothesis that epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression and could play a major role in RSSC adaptation to new host plants
Mastrochirico-Filho, Vito Antonio. „Integração de métodos genômicos para seleção de genótipos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) resistentes à bactéria Aeromonas hydrophila /“. Jaboticabal, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192703.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResumo: O pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus é considerado uma das mais importantes espécies de peixe cultivadas no Brasil. Apesar desta representatividade, esta espécie possui poucas informações genéticas disponíveis, principalmente em relação à resistência às enfermidades. A infecção por Aeromonas hydrophila é responsável por grandes prejuízos econômicos na produção de pacu. Experimentos de desafio, baseados em testes de sobrevivência por exposição dos organismos a patógenos específicos, têm sido realizados para buscar estimativas confiáveis para seleção de famílias geneticamente resistentes às enfermidades. Portanto, os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) avaliar a herdabilidade de resistência do pacu à infecção por A. hydrophila; 2) caracterizar a arquitetura genética com a identificação de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) relacionados com resistência à A. hydrophila, por meio de sequenciamento/genotipagem de SNPs (RAD-Seq, restriction site associated DNA sequencing); 3) caracterizar genes do sistema imune, por meio de sequenciamento RNA-Seq, de indivíduos de pacu submetidos ao desafio de resistência à A. hydrophila. Moderados valores de herdabilidade foram encontrados para sobrevivência e tempo de morte, indicando que a resistência contra A. hydrophila em pacu pode ser melhorada por programas de melhoramento genético. 17.453 SNPs foram identificados pela técnica RAD-Seq, para investigar a arquitetura genética da resistência à infecção por A. hydrophila pelo estudo de associação ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus is considered one of the most important cultivated fish species from Brazil. Despite this representativeness, few genetic information is available for P. mesopotamicus, especially regarding disease resistance. Aeromonas hydrophila infection is responsible for major economic losses in P. mesopotamicus production. Challenge experiments have been performed to evaluate reliable estimates on selection of families genetically resistant to diseases. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were: 1) evaluate the resistance heritability in 36 P. mesopotamicus families subjected to A. hydrophila challenge; 2) characterize the genetic architecture identifying QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) related to A. hydrophila resistance by SNP sequencing / genotyping; 3) characterize genes belonging to immune system of individuals submitted to the disease resistance challenge, by transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq). Moderate heritability values were found for survival rate and time of death, indicating that resistance against A. hydrophila in P. mesopotamicus can be improved by breeding programs. 17,453 SNPs were identified by RAD-Seq technique to investigate the genetic architecture of resistance to A. hydrophila. When a linkage map was constructed, the length of linkage groups (27 linkage groups) varied from 79.95 (LG 14) to 137.01 (LG 1) cM, with a total integrated map length of 2,755.60 cM. 22 QTLs in 17 LGs associated with A. hydrophila resistance suggested a poly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Weidmann, Stéphanie. „Etude du transcriptome symbiotique de Medicago truncatula lors des phases précoces de l'interaction avec le champignon mycorhizogène Glomus mosseae : comparaison avec deux bactéries bénéfiques : Pseudomonas fluorescens et Sinorhizobium meliloti“. Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilva, Cynthia Canêdo da. „DDetecção de genes que codificam naftaleno dioxigenase, tolueno dioxigenase e alcano hidroxilase em bactérias degradadoras de petróleo“. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10695.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMade available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T17:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo.pdf: 16108 bytes, checksum: 2cd537f65b91f31ace656e4a54ad1fae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-16
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Foram avaliados 14 isolados degradadores de petróleo, quanto à diversidade genética e à atividade catabólica dos mesmos e de cinco destes, em consórcio, no meio de cultivo adicionado de petróleo por meio da técnica de RT-PCR. A diversidade genética dos 14 isolados bacterianos foi avaliada por RAPD utilizando 12 oligonucleotídeos. O padrão de bandas amplificado do DNA total dos isolados evidenciou uma alta diversidade genética entre os isolados LBBMA 1, LBBMA 18a, LBBMA 53, LBBMA 88b, LBBMA 161, LBBMA 191, LBBMA 201 e LBBMA ES11, quando comparado ao padrão de bandas obtidos com os isolados LBBMA 58, LBBMA 75, LBBMA 101b, LBBMA 105a, LBBMA 195 e LBBMA 199. A detecção de seqüências genômicas e dos respectivos transcritos dos genes que codificam alcano hidroxilase, naftaleno dioxigenase e tolueno dioxigenase em meio de cultivo adicionado de petróleo evidenciou que os isolados LBBMA 58, LBBMA 75, LBBMA 101b e LBBMA 199 foram promissores para serem utilizados no processo de biorremediação. O consórcio C7 (LBBMA 105a, LBBMA 191, LBBMA 195, LBBMA 199, LBBMA 201) foi selecionado para ser avaliado quanto à atividade catabólica em meio de cultivo adicionado de petróleo, nos tempos: 0,5 hora, 4 horas, 7 horas e viii24 horas. Detectou-se neste consórcio, os transcritos correspondentes aos genes que codificam alcano hidroxilase e naftaleno dioxigenase em todos os tempos avaliados. Estes resultados mostraram que a avaliação da atividade catabólica por meio da detecção dos transcritos indicou o potencial de aplicação deste consórcio no processo de biorremediação.
The present study objectified to evaluate the genetic diversity among 14 Petroleum-degrading bacterial isolates and to verify the catabolic activity of each one separately and in consortium in culture medium with addition of petroleum by RT-PCR technique. Their genetic diversity was evaluated by RAPD using twelve primers. The isolates presented high polymorphism indicating a great genetic diversity among them. The evaluation of the potential and the catabolic activity of the isolates was accomplished using as markers three catabolic genes that encode alkane hydroxylase, naphthalene dioxygenase and toluene dioxygenase. In these isolates different results were observed for the presence of the genomic sequences and their respective transcripts. These results indicated that the isolates LBBMA 58, LBBMA 75, LBBMA 101b and LBBMA 199 are promising for the bioremediation process. The consortium C7 (LBBMA 105a, LBBMA 191, LBBMA 195, LBBMA 199, LBBMA 201) was chosen to have its catabolic activity appraised due to its greater efficiency. In this consortium transcripts corresponding to the genes that encode alkane hydroxylase and naphthalene dioxygenase were detected with 0,5 hour, 4 xhours, 7 hours and 24 hours. These results indicated the potential of this consortium for bioremediation.
Moussaoui, Nabila. „Effets d'un épisode de séparation maternelle sur l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale et sur le transcriptome hépatique chez le nouveau-né“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2230/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently, an increasing number of epidemiological evidences suggest that environmental factors occurring early in life can influence the development of the child and predispose him later in life to develop chronic, metabolic or autoimmune diseases. Concerning the gut, many animals' studies have highlighted the importance of maternal presence during the first days of life on the development of intestinal diseases occurring later in adulthood, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). An experimental model of chronic maternal separation (MS) stress was developed to mimic symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome such as alteration of motility, increased intestinal permeability and visceral hyperalgesia. Alterations of the intestinal barrier were associated with a persistent impairment of the HPA axis and with the action of stress mediators in the colon. All of these observations evidenced that chronic exposure to MS during the early postnatal period could have deleterious effects on the intestinal barrier favoring bacteremia and leading to a micro inflammation state. All these events were mostly described at adulthood but no study had investigated the immediate impact of the maternal separation stress directly in the newborn while his intestinal barrier and liver functions are still maturing and potentially sensitive to environmental stress. This is especially the case of preterm infant who are more vulnerable to stress because they are more sensitive to the action of glucocorticoids involved in intestinal functions maturation, especially in the colon. In addition, no study had investigated the effects of maternal separation on the development of liver function that are still maturing after birth and are in close crosstalk with the intestine. In this thesis, we have developed an experimental model of maternal separation in rats using a single short-term exposure of 4 hours as it could be observed in practice in maternity, especially in prematurity birth cases. In order to analyze the consequences of MS according to the age, we focused on two stages of development in the rat: on the 10th and 20th day post delivery. The 10-day-old rat is often considered as a good model for the premature infant, notably due to an immature gut barrier. At 20 days of age, the rat is at a higher stage of maturity, comparable to the state of a full-term infant. At both ages, we determined the immediate consequences of a single MS on the intestinal barrier by studying key parameters such as intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. We also extended the study to the impact of a single MS on the liver transcriptome using a genome-wide approach without a priori to assess the overall impact of SM on the developing liver. Our results show that a 4 hours-MS is a stressful event increasing corticosterone level in 10- and 20-day-old rats but associated with deleterious effects on the intestinal barrier in 10-day-old rats only. At this age, the MS stress induced an increase of colonic permeability to macromolecules, already high at baseline, and systemic bacterial translocation to the liver and spleen. Both effects were linked to the activity of the MLCK enzyme involved in the contraction of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cell. The increase of intestinal permeability was related to glucocorticoids (GC) action through intestinal glucocorticoid receptors (GR). The increase of glucocorticoid level was also observed in 20 days rats but without deleterious effects on the intestinal mucosa. We have found that the intestine of 20-day-old rats was less sensitive to GC action and expressed GR at a lower level in the colon compared to 10-day-old rats. At the younger age, the maternal separation also led to a modulation of the liver transcriptome, most notably a down-regulation of genes involved in cell division. These effects were transient and more subtle than those observed on the intestinal barrier. Their potential functional consequences remain to be evaluated. The work of this PhD based on the 10-day-old rat model highlighted the deleterious effects of maternal separation on the intestinal barrier during development as well as independent and more subtle effects on the liver transcriptome. These findings emphasize the need to take into account the stress induced by maternal separation, practiced routinely in humans and especially in premature infants, on the health of the child and later at adulthood
Forquin, Marie-Pierre. „Étude de Brevibacterium aurantiacum, une bactérie d'affinage de fromage : de son métabolisme du soufre à son interaction avec Kluyveromyces lactis“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00594332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHebert, Agnès. „Ecosystème fromager : de l'étude du métabolisme du soufre chez Kluyveromyces lactis et Yarrowia lipolytica à l'interaction entre Kluyveromyces lactis et Brevibacterium aurantiacum“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00548146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFRANCÊS, Regiane Silva Kawasaki. „Reconstrução e modelagem in silico da via de biossíntese de ácidos graxos da bactéria psicotrófica Exiguobacterium antarticum linhagem B7“. Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9052.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A modelagem matemática in silico baseada em restrições é uma abordagem adotada pela Biologia de Sistemas para analisar redes metabólicas. A bactéria Gram-positiva Exiguobacterium antarticum B7 é um extremófilo capaz de sobreviver em ambientes frios como gelo glacial e permafrost. A capacidade de adaptação ao frio desses micro-organismos vem despertando grande interesse biotecnológico. Um fator importante para o entendimento do processo de adaptação ao frio está relacionado à modificação química de ácidos graxos que constituem a membrana celular das bactérias psicotróficas. A finalidade é manter a fluidez da membrana para evitar o congelamento da bactéria. Neste trabalho, a via metabólica de biossíntese de ácidos graxos da bactéria E. antarticum B7 foi reconstruída a partir do genoma anotado disponível. As ferramentas de software KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) e RAST (The Rapid Annotation Server) foram utilizadas para gerar o modelo preliminar da rede. O passo seguinte foi a etapa de cura manual baseada na combinação de informações genômicas, bioquímicas e fisiológicas disponíveis em diversos bancos de dados e literatura especializada. Durante este processo, as enzimas FabZ e DesK, responsáveis por adicionar insaturações na cadeia carbono-carbono ao longo da síntese de ácidos graxos, foram identificadas no genoma, entretanto de forma truncada. O fluxoma da via metabólica foi definido com a descrição das rotas das principais reações, desde o metabólito de entrada, o Acetil-CoA, até o produto final, o ácido Hexadecenóico. A modelagem computacional foi feita com o uso do software MATLAB® juntamente com toolboxes e funções específicos para biologia de sistemas. A quantificação de metabólitos produzidos pela via foi realizada por meio do método baseado em restrições Análise de Balanço de Fluxos (ABF). Para avaliar a influência da expressão gênica na análise do fluxoma, o método ABF foi calculado usando os valores de log2FC obtidos na análise transcriptoma a 0ºC e 37ºC. A via de biossíntese de ácido graxos possui um total de 13 rotas identificadas pelo método Modo Elementar, quatro das quais apresentam caminhos para a produção de ácido hexadecenóico. A via reconstruída demonstrou a capacidade da E. antarcticum B7 em produzir moléculas de ácidos graxos. Sob a influência do transcriptoma, o fluxoma foi alterado, estimulando a produção de cadeia curta em ácidos graxos. Os modelos obtidos contribuem para um melhor entendimento da adaptação bacteriana a ambientes frios.
Mathematical modeling in silico based restrictions is an approach adopted by systems biology to analyze metabolic networks. The Gram-positive bacterium Exiguobacterium antarticum B7 is an extremophile organism able to survive in cold environments as glacial ice and permafrost. The ability of these microorganisms of adaptation to cold attracts great biotechnological interest. An important factor for the understanding of cold adaptation process is related to the chemical modification of fatty acids constituting the cell membrane of psicotrophic bacteria in order to maintain membrane fluidity to avoid freezing ofthe bacteria. In this work, the metabolic pathway of fatty acid biosynthesis of the bacterium E. antarticum B7 was rebuilt from its annotated genome. The software tools KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and RAST (The Rapid Annotation Server) were used to generate a preliminary network model. The next step was to cure manually the genomic, biochemical and physiological informations available in different databases and specific literature. During this process, the FabZ and DesK enzymes responsible for adding carbon-carbon unsaturations in the fatty acid chain during synthesis have been identified in the genome, though in a truncated form. The fluxome metabolic pathway was defined, describing the routes of the main reactions since the first monomer, Acetyl-CoA, to the final product, the Hexadecenoic acid. A computational modeling was done using the software MATLAB® with toolboxes and specific tools for systems biology. The quantification of metabolites produced via was performed by the method constraint-based Flux Balance Analysis (FBA). To evaluate the influence of the gene expression in the fluxome analysis, the FBA method was also calculated using the log2FC values obtained in the transcriptome analysis at 0ºC and 37ºC. The fatty acid biosynthesis pathway showed a total of 13 elementary flux modes, four of which showed routes for the production of hexadecenoic acid. The reconstructed pathway demonstrated the capacity of E. antarcticum B7 to produce fatty acid molecules. Under the influence of the transcriptome, the fluxome was altered, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. The calculated models contributes to better understand the bacterial adaptation at cold environments.
Guennec, Alexandra Morgane. „Biopolymère amphiphile pour surface antibiofilm“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORIS636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of biofilms causes serious problems in the marine and medical fields. Their high tolerance to commonly used chemical agents’ disinfectants, antibiotics, biocides) makes their eradication difficult. Moreover, the use of biocide molecules is widely controversial, considering their catastrophic environmental impact. Research has therefore focused on systems that, by their composition, limit biocontamination. Among them are amphiphilic systems that can be composed of a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and an amphiphilic PDMS-PEG copolymer. Despite their efficiency, these systems are questioned because of the petrochemical origin of PDMS. The objective of this thesis project is to substitute PDMS with a biopolymer, poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA). A system was formulated with PHA as a hydrophobic matrix and a PHA-PEG copolymer as an amphiphilic additive. Two types of PHA were used in this study, PHBHV (short chain length) and PHAmcl (medium chain length). The formulated coatings were characterized physically, chemically and mechanically. Then their anti-adhesive, anti-biofilm and fouling-release capacities were evaluated on different microorganisms. Two opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a marine bacterium, Bacillus 4J6 and two benthic diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Navicula perminuta. Finally, in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the adhesion of S. aureus, transcriptomic analyses were performed
Hébert, Agnès. „Ecosystème fromager : de l'étude du métabolisme du soufre chez Kluyveromyces lactis et Yarrowia lipolytica à l'interaction entre Kluyveromyces lactis et Brevibacterium aurantiacum“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553893.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubief, Bruno. „Variabilité de la capacité de résistance des populations de l’ormeau européen Haliotis tuberculata face à Vibrio harveyi“. Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncreasing global temperatures have numerous consequences for marine ecosystems, including the rise of infectious diseases. Certain populations of the European abalone Haliotis tucerculata have suffered from severe and recurrent mortality since 1997 due to infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio harveyi, particularly in areas with higher average summer temperatures. Given the spatial heterogeneity in mortalities, and the observation that the historically most severely impacted populations have recovered in recent years, the question of the emergence of resistance to the disease was addressed. The mortality rate in response to infection by V. harveyi was quantified experimentally in abalone originating from three natural populations, and one population exhibiting resistance to the disease was identified. In a subsequent experiment, the immune response of abalone was compared between infected individuals from a resistant and from a susceptible population. The portal of entry of the bacterium (ie. gills) was identified as playing a role in resistance. Furthermore, successive exposures of abalone to the bacterium demonstrated an immune priming effect, such that following a first exposure, phagocytosis was no longer inhibited by infection with V. harveyi, and that this improved protection against the disease lasted for at least two months. Differences in gene expression was quantified by RNAseq in the hemocytes of resistant and susceptible abalone following exposure to the pathogen. This comparison showed that resistant abalone had more effective recognition of the bacterium by receptors as the TLR or PGRP. The substantial over-expression of a gene involved in the synthesis of mucin, the main component of mucus, (UDP-GalNAC) in the resistant population, supports the interpretation of a strong involvement of gills in the resistance. Finally, an in-silico analysis of the sequences obtained from RNAseq indicate the existence of a DNA methylation system in H. tuberculata and suggested an involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the adaptation of abalone to its environment
Duhutrel, Philippe. „Métabolisme du fer et de l'hème chez Lactobacillus sakei“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00728068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDrogue, Benoît. „Spécificité de la coopération phytostimulatrice Azospirillum-céréales“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHost specificity is a fundamental concept in understanding evolutionary processes leading to intimate interactions between bacteria and plants. In the case of Plant Growth- Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) specificity appears to be controlled either by a strainspecific bacterial adaptation to non-specific traits of the host plant or by non-specific bacterial adaptation to genotype-specific properties of the host plant. Thus, we hypothesize that these adaptations result in the regulation of a large number of genes, independently of their direct involvement in phytostimulation. These regulations may depend on the bacterial strain / plant genotype combination. This work aims at identifying genes involved in reciprocal adaptation of partners and those involved in host specificity in PGPR-plant cooperation. As a model, we studied the interaction between Azospirillum lipoferum 4B and cereals (wheat, corn, rice cultivars Nipponbare and Cigalon), with an emphasis on gene expression of both partners during A. lipoferum 4B-rice cooperation. Microarray transcriptomic results highlight the importance of mechanisms implicated in response to oxidative stress as well as a tight adjustment of regulatory networks during the adaptation of both partners to each other. Many genes display expression profile that depends on the strain/cultivar combination, suggesting that evolutionary processes have led to a preferential interaction between a strain and its original cultivar
Rahmani, Alexandra. „Identification des facteurs de pathogénicité de la bactérie Vibrio tapetis, responsable de la maladie de l'anneau brun chez la palourde japonaise Ruditapes philippinarum et de mortalités chez les poissons marins Transcriptomic analysis of clam extrapallial fluids reveals immunity and cytoskeleton alterations in the first week of Brown Ring Disease development, in Fish & Shellfish Immunology 93, October 2019“. Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis is to study the mechanisms related to the pathogenicity of V. tapetis. For this purpose, we developed 2 research axes. The first one aimed at studying the virulence of V. tapetis by answering the following 2 issues: What are the genes involved in the virulence of V. tapetis? and Are there host-specific markers of the virulence of V. tapetis? The second research axis concerned pathogen-host interactions and addressed the following 2 issues: What are the genes expressed during infection in the host? and What are the modulations in the animal associated with pH and temperature during infection? The main findings of this thesis are: (i) V. tapetis, in the context of BRD, induces a down expression of genes involved in the immune response anda deregulation of genes involved in the stabilization and synthesis of actin filaments (ii) This pathogen also induces a decrease in lysosomal activity on exposed hemocytes (iii) The effect of V. tapetis on the actin cytoskeleton and on the decrease in lysosomal activity is independent of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) (iv) The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is involved in the development of BRD but is not essential to induce this disease (v) In the context of BRD and of the loss of hemocyte adhesions properties in vitro, V. tapetis is able to modulate the pH of extrapallial fluids, respectively in the first days and hours of infection (vi) Finally, the "strains typing" approach based on MALDITOF makes it possible to discriminate between V. tapetis strains according to their pathogenicity with regard to Manila clam
Puga, Freitas Ruben. „Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1158/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants develop and evolve in interaction with soil organisms. The impact of earthworms, likely positive, has been attributed to modifications of physical, chemical or biochemical soil properties, without rigorous demonstration. In this work, techniques developed in plant science (in vitro culture, use of mutant plants and trancriptomic analysis) were used to understand the mechanism involved in the effect of earthworms on plants. Our results bring new fundamental knowledge: (1) production of signal-molecules within earthworm dejections has a positive impact on the growth of Oryza sativa and Lolium perenne. (2) These molecules act on auxin signaling, as suggested by the positive impact of the earthworm on the growth of A. thaliana double mutant aux1-7;axr4-2. (3) The abundance of these signal-molecules in presence of the earthworms could be related to the stimulation of bacterial communities able to produce auxin. (4) Earthworms induce an accumulation of gene transcripts known to be under control of jasmonic acid and ethylene. These two hormones are most notably involved in the defense mechanism called induced systemic resistance (ISR), known to be induced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Finally, (5) Take-all disease, due to a pathogenic fungus, induced in wheat (Triticum aestivum) a hypersensitive response and a modification on hormone signaling, which are known as manipulations of plant metabolism in a way that facilitates pathogen infection. The severity of take-all disease was alleviated in the presence of earthworms. Synthesis of these results showed that earthworms, like other soil organisms, modify the hormone balance in the plant. Hormone homeostasis appeared to be an important element to predict the issue of the multiple interactions that plants established with soil organisms
Rabatel, Andréane. „Développement embryonnaire du puceron Acyrthosiphon pisum : caractérisation de voies métaboliques et gènes clé dans les interactions trophiques avec Buchnera aphidicola“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFourneau, Eulalie. „Rhizοbactéries bénéfiques pοur les plantes : Répοnses physiοlοgiques et génétiques aux exsudats racinaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil under the influence of plant roots that release a complex molecular mixture: root exudates. They allow the plant to recruit its rhizosphere microbiota, which plays a key role in its growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of sustainable agriculture, understanding the molecular root-microbiota dialogue could help to promote the establishment of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere. In this thesis, the ability of root exudates from rapeseed (Brassica napus), pea (Pisum sativum) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to attract and feed three PGPR (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp245) was measured and compared by defining a new indicator, the « love match » score. For all bacteria, rapeseed exudates are the most attractive and induce the fastest growth, pea exudates allow the highest biomass production, while ryegrass exudates are the least effective. When comparing PGPR, P. fluorescens and A. brasilense seem to respond more efficiently to root exudates than B. subtilis. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that B. subtilis regulates the expression of many genes in response to root exudates, whereas P. fluorescens appears to already express most of the genes required for this response. These results highlight the specific selection of PGPR by the plant through its root exudates, and could help to select the most efficient exudates in order to promote the establishment of bioinoculants in the rhizosphere
Crépin, Sébastien. „Étude transcriptionnelle d'une souche pathogène aviaire de Escherichia coli (APEC) et son mutant Pst (phosphate specific transport)“. Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoirier, Katherine. „Identification des gènes de Escherichia coli entérohémorragique exprimés pendant l'infection de macrophages humains“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7643.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrazao, Rodolfo. „Analyse du métabolisme du soufre de la bactérie autotrophique acidophile Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377“. Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13859.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe environmental impact of mining extraction is important. The action of microorganisms using their sulfur metabolism to metabolise compounds in mining waste contributes to reactions that may impact water quality and the environment. Few studies have been conducted on environmental microorganisms to advance the global comprehension of their sulfur metabolism in an attempt to study their impact on the environment. In this study, we cultivate an environmental bacterium, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, in an attempt to understand its sulfur metabolism in different growth media and at different levels of acidity. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing in association with sulfur biogeochemistry and electron microscopy to determine the expression of the genes encoding sulfur metabolism enzymes. The expression of genes encoding sulfur metabolism enzymes was media and pH-dependent. Also, the biogeochemical analysis showed the presence of reduced sulfur intermediates and of sulfuric acid in the medium. Finally, an electron microscopic analysis revealed that the bacteria stock sulfur in the cytoplasm. These results resulted in a better comprehension of its sulfur metabolism and it opens the possibility to predict reactions in mining operations that have impact on the environment.