Thematische Bibliographien / Transaction costs and information problems

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Transaction costs and information problems“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 11. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Transaction costs and information problems"

Cordelia, Antonio. „Transaction Costs and Information Systems: Does IT Add Up?“ Journal of Information Technology 21, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000066.

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Transaction cost theory has often been used to support the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to reduce imperfection in the economic system. Electronic markets and hierarchies have repeatedly been described as solutions to inefficiencies in the organisation of transactions in complex and uncertain settings. Far from criticising this assumption, this paper highlights the limits associated with this application of transaction cost theory that has been prevalent in IS research. Building on the concepts first proposed by Ciborra, the paper argues that information-related problems represent only some of the elements contributing to transaction costs. These costs also emerge due to the interdependencies among the various factors contributing to their growth. The study of the consequences associated with ICT design and implementation, grounded in transaction cost theory, should consider the overall implication associated with the adoption and use of ICT and not only the direct effect on problems associated with information flow, distribution, and management.

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Yang, Zhi Xue. „Research on Trade Model of Transaction Costs Based on Ecommerce“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (Juni 2010): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.218.

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Transaction cost is one of these costs, but mostly mentioned with trade barriers. The trade barrier, also called tariff barracks or non- tariff barracks, focus on the problems that affect transactions in international trade. Transaction cost in economics can be defined as a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. There are a number of kinds of transaction cost have been researched by economists, “search and information costs” (such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market, who has the lowest price.), “Bargaining costs” (the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction, drawing up an appropriate contract and so on.), “Policing and enforcement costs” (the costs of making sure the other party sticks to the terms of the contract, and taking appropriate action if this turns out not to be the case.). Along with the fast development of e-commerce, a new kind of trade barriers, which is called e-commerce barrier, based on information technology appears quietly, in recent years. Though the emergence of this barracks does not been focused by world, it has profoundly affected international trade already.

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Podshivalova, Mariya, und Dmitriy Podshivalov. „Estimate of Some Transaction Costs for Small Industrial Enterprises“. Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2017, Nr. 5 (30.10.2017): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201753.

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The article attempts to evaluate certain types of transaction costs for small businesses. In particular, it considers the costs of access to the law, tax burden, administrative burden, costs of illegality, specification and property rights protection, the costs of information search, costs of opportunistic behavior of employees. The author evaluates the impact of forthcoming institutional changes on transaction costs for small industrial enterprises in the context of such key "chronic problems" for this type of enterprises as low output demand, lack of investment, administrative barriers, underdeveloped transport and energy infrastructure. The article concludes that alongside positive changes, certain chronic problems and associated transaction costs remain outside the reform wave. It refers to such types of transaction costs as the costs of interaction (ex ante): cooperation with large enterprises, new markets entry and new products development (information retrieval related to the study of markets and potential consumers), patent search, excessive burden of small industrial enterprises applying standard tax system, the costs of finding investors, the costs to meet creditors requirements.

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Liudvenko, Dmytro. „MAIN PROBLEMS OF DETECTION OF TRANSACTION COSTS IN ACCOUNTING-INFORMATION PROVIDED MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY“. Economic Analysis, Nr. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.126.

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Introduction. The article describes the market and globalization exacerbate the problem of competitiveness of products, enterprises, states. The role of accounting-formation support is increasing for the management, socioeconomic and environmental basis of the competitiveness of enterprises in the livestock sector. Accounting in the agrarian sector has unquestionable success. It is demonstrated clearly by the identification of transaction and transaction costs in the livestock industry today. The importance of accounting are achievements in the agricultural sector. The accountants' attention and therefore at all levels of management are not isolated in accounting standards for these costs in the economic activity of an agricultural enterprise. Purpose. The task is to substantiate: The need to isolate the composition of transaction costs in accounting accounts. We must to ensure competitiveness in the new economic environment. It is requires accounting and information management of agricultural enterprises engaged in the livestock industry. Results. Scientists are suggest: transaction costs depend on the institutional environment in which the agrarian business operates. It makes impossible to directly influence such costs. The problem of competitiveness transaction costs are of great importance.We must require greater control at all levels of management. It is requires appropriate response of accounting specialization in accountingThe information management of agricultural enterprises engaged in the livestock industry. It should be emphasized: Transaction costs have become particularly important in the socio-economic environment over the last century. This component operates outside the scope of transformational costs. This component has a significant impact on the convenience of doing business in agriculture. The presence of these costs derive from the availability and clarity of accounting. The information management of agricultural enterprises engaged in the livestock sector . This is determine the competitiveness of economies.

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OLSDER, GEERT JAN. „DIFFERENTIAL GAME-THEORETIC THOUGHTS ON OPTION PRICING AND TRANSACTION COSTS“. International Game Theory Review 02, Nr. 02n03 (Juni 2000): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198900000135.

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This paper investigates some differential game applications to option pricing mechanisms and related problems. Two players, an investor and "Nature", play a zero-sum game. The usual uncertainty modelling (log-normality for instance) in systems describing the price evolution of stocks is replaced by "Nature", a player who counteracts the investor as much as possible. A relationship between a restricted version of the Black-Scholes and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equations is given. This paper, is a first step to possibly solve various option pricing problems (with constraints and/or transactions costs for instance) by means of the available numerical software for optimal control problems. In the second part of the paper, another model, now with three players, is considered. The third player is the bank interested in maximising its own profits by choosing the right formula for transaction costs. Thus a three-person nonzero-sum game, with a special kind of Stackelberg information structure, results. Some simple examples hint in the direction that the bank will be a clear winner.

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Kalyuzhnova, Nadezhda. „Transformation of the real estate market on the basis of use of the blockchain technologies: opportunities and problems“. MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821206004.

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The real estate market is influenced by the global growth trends, such as the growth of the transaction costs and new technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. The types of the transaction costs of the real estate market are analyzed in the paper. The characteristics of the blockchain as a new information technology that allows reducing transaction costs are considered. The essence of the blockchain as a value-communication technology that allows transferring not only information, but also value using mobile networks and the Internet, is substantiated. The types and classification of the blockchains are considered. The directions of real estate transformation on the basis of introduction of the blockchain technologies are shown. Some unresolved issues, as well as the dangers and challenges of the development of the blockchain technologies, are indicated in this article.

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Thomson, Robert, und René Torenvlied. „Information, Commitment and Consensus: A Comparison of Three Perspectives on Delegation in the European Union“. British Journal of Political Science 41, Nr. 1 (03.09.2010): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123410000268.

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Three perspectives on delegation in the European Union are presented in this article. The transaction-costs perspective focuses on information asymmetries between policy makers and implementers. According to the commitment perspective, policy makers delegate authority as a solution to commitment problems. The consensus-building perspective views the decision to delegate as a trade-off between decisiveness and inclusiveness during the bargaining process. Hypotheses are derived from these perspectives regarding the amount of delegation to both the European Commission and to member states in legislation. From detailed information on eighty-six EU laws, there is some evidence for the transaction-costs perspective as an explanation of delegation to the Commission. With respect to delegation to member states, there is some evidence for both the transaction-costs perspective and the consensus-building perspective.

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Kondratenko, Natalia. „The researching of information inequality in the market of information services“. Technology audit and production reserves 1, Nr. 4(57) (20.01.2021): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225533.

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The object of research is information inequality. Information inequality is seen as a socio-economic problem that can be solved with the help of confident actions of the state. Data analysis confirmed the problem of the «digital divide» at the global and regional levels. The transformation of the information services market depends on the quality of the Internet. The growing number of Internet users is a global tendency, but at the regional level it is possible to see clear differences, which creates problems for obtaining quality educational, financial and professional services. Both negative and positive consequences of information inequality are considered. Along with the growing importance of modern information technologies and services in society, inequality between certain segments of the population is growing. Some people for various reasons may have restrictions on access to information, knowledge, information services, new digital products and modern technologies, while others may not have similar restrictions on access to them. The study found that the market for information services is specific in terms of protection of intellectual property rights. Aspects that would contribute to strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights to information services and products, information security are provided. Negative transactional externalities occur in the market of information services precisely when there is a decrease in information security due to violation of intellectual property rights by one person in relation to another, causing the last damage. To reduce the burden of transaction costs on market participants in information services, the directions of reducing transaction costs at the national level are substantiated. In all countries of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the issue of information inequality. The study presents the principles for overcoming digital inequality.

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Sriram, M. S. „Information Asymmetry and Trust: A Framework for Studying Microfinance in India“. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 30, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2005): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920050407.

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In recent times, microfinance has emerged as a major innovation in the rural financial marketplace. Microfinance largely addresses the issue of access to financial services. In trying to understand the innovation of microfinance and how it has proved to be effective, the author looks at certain design features of microfinance. He first starts by identifying the need for financial service institutions which is basically to bridge the gap between the need for financial services across time, geographies, and risk profiles. In providing services that bridge this gap, formal institutions have limited access to authentic information both in terms of transaction history and expected behaviour and, therefore, resort to seeking excessive information thereby adding to the transaction costs. The innovation in microfinance has been largely to bridge this gap through a series of trustbased surrogates that take the transaction-related risks to the people who have the information — the community through measures of social collateral. In this paper, the author attempts to examine the trajectory of institutional intermediation in the rural areas, particularly with the poor and how it has evolved over a period of time. It identifies a systematic breach of trust as one of the major problems with the institutional interventions in the area of providing financial services to the poor and argues that microfinance uses trust as an effective mechanism to address one of the issues of imperfect information in financial transactions. The paper also distinguishes between the different models of microfinance and identifies which of these models use trust in a positivist frame and as a coercive mechanism. The specific objectives of the paper are to: Superimpose the role of trust in various types of exchanges and see how it impacts the effectiveness of repeated transactions. While greater access to information fosters trust and thus helps social networks to reduce transaction costs, there could be limits to which exchanges could solely depend on networks and trust. Look at the frontiers where mutual trust cannot work as a surrogate for lower appraisal costs. Use an example in the Canadian context and see how an entity that started on the basis of social networks and trust had to morph into using the techniques used by other formal nonneighbourhood institutions as it grew in size and went beyond a threshold. Using the Canadian example, the author argues that as the transactions get sophisticated, it is possible to achieve what informal networks have achieved through the creative use of information technology. While we find that the role of trust both in the positivist and the coercive frame does provide some interesting insights into how exchanges with the poor could be managed, there still could be breaches in the assumptions. This paper identifies the conditions under which the breaches could possibly happen and also speculates on the effect of such breaches.

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Rasheli, Geraldine Arbogast. „Procurement contract management in the local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania“. International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, Nr. 6 (08.08.2016): 545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-10-2015-0173.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the transaction costs involved in managing procurement contracts in the public sector, particularly at the lower and higher level of local governments from the clients’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses new institutional economics, specifically the transaction cost approach. A multiple case study design was used, in which five local government authorities (LGAs) were selected from the Kigoma and Tanga regions of Tanzania. Interviews with heads of procurement management units, focus groups and secondary sources were used to collect information for lower level LGAs. Findings Very high information, negotiation and monitoring transaction costs were revealed at the post-contractual stage for higher levels of local government in all cases. Transaction costs were associated with institutional problems, lack of financial resources and attitudes towards accountability, transparency and competition. It was also found that lower levels of local government are faced with very high transaction costs for all procurement stages due to a lack of procurement contract management capacity among ward and village procurement project committees, low levels of support from higher level LGAs, a lack of simple Swahili-standardised documents and guidelines for lower level procurement contract management which reflect current legal issues and the lack of a legal framework for procurement at the lower level of local government. These costs are associated with poor accountability and a lack of competition, transparency and efficiency throughout public procurement chains. Research limitations/implications There is no estimate for quantitative approaches, because it is was difficult to measure transaction costs associated with accountability, transparency and efficiency. Originality/value The paper contributes knowledge on qualitative levels of transaction costs for procurement contract management for both higher and lower levels of LGAs from the clients’ viewpoint.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Transaction costs and information problems"

Boos, Erik, Ludwig Wahlqvist und Daniel Maman. „Fastighetspaketering : Det populära förfarandets effekt för mindre fastighetsbolag“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43052.

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Det populära förfarandet fastighetspaketering som idag är branschnorm, innebär att det ägande bolaget överlåts och utseendet på transaktionsprocessen förändras. Förändringen innebär en utökad undersökningsprocess, i form av en Due Diligence. Due Diligence innebär vanligtvis en undersökning av fastighetens tekniska, ekonomiska och juridiska aspekter. Fastighetspaketeringar medför däremot en ytterligare undersökning parallellt av bolaget. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur mindre aktörers transaktionsprocess påverkas vid förvärv av paketerade fastigheter samt vilka konsekvenser deras Due Diligence får. För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts för att begrunda det empiriska materialet. Det empiriska materialet grundar sig på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från mindre fastighetsbolag. Studien visar att transparensen på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden är högre än genomsnittet, trots detta förekommer asymmetrisk information. Den asymmetriska informationen kan däremot motverkas genom en Due Diligence. Därav krävs det att informationen i en Due Diligence bearbetas på ett korrekt och kontrollerat sätt, om så inte vore fallet utmynnar det i en kostsam process. På så vis är mindre fastighetsbolag villiga att betala kostnaden för informationen i en Due Diligence. Bearbetas inte informationen fullständigt kan det leda till lägre lönsamhet, vilket studien påvisar vara en avgörande faktor för mindre fastighetsbolag.
Packaging of Real Estate is today considered a popular transaction method and an industry norm. A result of the procedure is that the owning company is transferred in the transaction, however this means that the appearance of the transaction process changes. The change involves an extended investigation process, in the form of a Due Diligence. Due Diligence usually refers to an investigation of the property’s technical, financial and legal aspects. Packaging of real estate, on the other hand, entails an added parallel investigation of the company. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the transaction process affects smaller real estate companies by the acquisition of packaged properties, and what consequences it has on their Due Diligence. To achieve the purpose of this study, a qualitative method has been used to gather our empirical data. The empirical material is based on four semi-structured interviews with four different interviewees from smaller real estate companies. The study shows that transparency in the Swedish real estate market is above average, despite this, asymmetric information occurs. The asymmetric information, on the other hand, can be counteracted by Due Diligence. Therefore, it is required that the information in a Due Diligence is processed in a correct and controlled manner, otherwise it results in a costly process. Therefore, smaller real estate companies are willing to pay the cost of information in a Due Diligence. Failure to process the information completely can lead to lower profitability, which the study shows is a decisive factor for smaller real estate companies.

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Solis-Webster, Martha Julia. „Information asymmetry and transaction costs in a cross-cultural business transaction“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13468.

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Submitted by Martha Julia Solis-Webster (martha.solis-webster2015@fgvmail.br) on 2015-02-20T19:39:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martha Julia Solis Webster.pdf: 531477 bytes, checksum: 1760876a79e90f3709409c233275ea87 (MD5)
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The intent of this paper is to provide a practitioners insight into the present and foreseeable future of problem of transaction cost economics related to culture and business etiquette that may increase the of complexity of business communication. We will also explore whether it impacts participant's mindsets regarding opportunistic or passive aggressive behavior. We will study the role of culture, ethics, information asymmetry, and legal systems regarding their importance towards the business contracts and lack of knowledge in local environments. We will make connections to contract theory strategies and objectives and recommend business practices. Furthermore, economic theory explores the role of the impossibility of the perfect contract. Historical and present day operational factors are examined for the determination of forward-looking contract law indications worldwide. This paper is intended provide a practitioners view with a global perspective of a multinational, mid-sized and small corporations giving consideration in a non-partisan and non-nationalistic view, yet examines the individual characteristics of the operational necessities and obligations of any corporation. The study will be general, yet cite specific articles to each argument and give adequate consideration to the intricacies of the global asymmetry of information. This paper defends that corporations of any kind and size should be aware of the risk of international business etiquette and cultural barriers that might jeopardize the savings you could obtain from engaging international suppliers.

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Wang, Huamao. „Optimal portfolio choice under partial information and transaction costs“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://kar.kent.ac.uk/44797/.

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We develop and analyze a model of optimal portfolio choice with a finite time horizon T. The investor's objective is to maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth based on partial information generated by stock prices. Rebalancing the portfolio composed of a stock and a bank account incurs transaction costs. This thesis extends the literature by examining the joint impact of partial information and transaction costs on investors' decisions and expected utilities. After estimating the uncertain drift from historical prices, an investor updates the estimate over [0, T] based on partial information. This investor learns about the drift with the Kalman-Bucy filter, which provides a statistically optimal estimate. Three regions of the state space with two free boundaries characterize the optimal portfolio strategy. A numerical algorithm using dynamic programming and a Markov chain approximation solves the model. The existing algorithm with known parameters is time consuming and liable to cause underflow or overflow of the range of values represented. We propose four improvements to overcome the drawbacks. The algorithm with modifications can be applied to the model under partial information according to the separation principle. We define two measures to quantify the losses in utility caused by partial information and transaction costs. Four quantities are introduced to describe investors' trading behaviours. With simulations of stock prices and the drift, the comparative analysis of five market parameters reveals the properties of the model and tests the robustness of the algorithm. Compared with the investors who use erroneous estimates of the drift, the learning investor's portfolio holdings are close to the informed investor's portfolio holdings. The average cost per transaction to the learning investor is the lowest. This investor has these benefits because the filter reduces uncertainty. We discuss the implications for practitioners to highlight the practical contributions of this research.

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Islamoglu, Mehmet. „Information technology, transaction costs and governance structures : an institutional approach“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402133.

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Bonnevier, Emma, und Lowisa Nyman. „European Market Infrastructure Regulation : En institutionell analys av implementeringsproblematiken och dess kostnader“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120784.

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Bakgrund: Med grund i finanskrisen år 2008, infördes förordningen European Market Infrastructure Regulation, EMIR, för att öka transparensen och minska motpartsrisken på den europeiska derivatmarkanden. Marknaden påvisar att implementeringen av regelverket har varit problematiskt då regelverket anses vara otydligt formulerat. Enligt undersökningar, ökar transaktionskostnaderna på derivatmarknaden till följd av EMIR. Nya aktörer faller, till följd av regelverket, under Finansinspektionens tillsyn vilket ytterligare bidrar till en implementeringsproblematik värd att analysera. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utreda och utifrån institutionell teori analysera vilka kostander och problem som uppkommit vid implementeringen av EMIR samt diskutera lösningar för dessa. Genomförande: För att uppnå studiens syfte har författarna använt sig av institutionell teori samt ett kvalitativt tillväggångssätt. Empirin är behandlad med ansats i utredning av den implementeringsproblematik berörda parter upplevt till följd av EMIR. Empirin erhålls genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Med berörda parter avses, i studien, olika intressenter på den marknad som uppstått i och med implementeringen av EMIR. Med teorin som grund kommer olika lösningar på implementeringsproblematiken diskuteras i analysen. Slutsats: Regelverket anses vara otydligt och komplext vilket leder till ökade transaktionskostnader. Flertalet kostnader samt problem har identifierats som framträdande i samband med implementeringen av EMIR. De olika lösningarna som presenteras, förklaras vara olikt beroende på om aktören anses vara större eller mindre på marknaden. Författarna kan slutligen se en långsiktig nytta med EMIR.
Background: Due to the financial crisis of year 2008. European Market Infrastructure Regulation, EMIR, was introduced to increase transparency and reduce the counterparty risk on the European derivatives market. The market demonstrates that the implementation has been problematic and an indistinct designing is expressed. According to studies, increased transaction costs have occurred due to the regulation. Operators that usually not are included by oversight by the Swedish FSA, now are due to EMIR which contributes to an implementation problem essential to analyse. Aim: The aim with the study is to investigate and by institutional theory analyse what costs and problems that occurs at the implementation of EMIR and to discuss solutions for these. Completion: To accomplish the aim of the study, the writers have used institutional theory and a qualitative approach. The empirical data is treated with focus on the implementation problems that affected parts experienced due to EMIR. The empirical data will be concluded with semi – structured interviews. The affected parts, in the study, are different stakeholders on the market that has developed because of the implementation of EMIR. With the theory as background different solutions to the implementation problems will be discussed in the analysis. Conclusion: The regulation is considered to be unclear and complex which results in increased transaction costs. Several costs and problems have been identified in conjunction with the implementation of EMIR. The different solution provided is explained to depend on if the participant is considered a small or a big contestant on the market. The writer can ultimately se a long – term utility with EMIR.

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Carpentier, Chantal Line. „Value of information for targeting agro-pollution control: a case study of the lower Susquehanna watershed“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38022.

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Poizat, Axelle. „Freins et leviers à une réduction d’utilisation des antibiotiques en élevage bovin liés à l’organisation économique des filières, aux systèmes d’exploitation et au conseil“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ONIR109F/document.

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Réduire les usages d’antibiotiques est un des leviers principaux pour contrer l’avancée de l’antibiorésistance qui menace l’efficacité du traitement des maladies bactériennes humaines et animales. En filières bovin laitier et jeunes bovins de boucherie, deux maladies de production sont responsables des principaux usages d’antibiotiques, respectivement les mammites et les maladies respiratoires. L’objectif de la thèse a été d’identifier auprès des acteurs des filières des verrous limitant l’amélioration des pratiques la diminution de l’utilisation d’antibiotiques, puis d’identifier des leviers d’action. En élevage de jeunes bovins de boucherie, des entretiens auprès d’acteurs de la filière (éleveurs et responsables) et des enquêtes auprès d’éleveurs ont permis d’identifier que l’organisation de la filière est un des principaux verrous. Cependant, les caractéristiques des systèmes d’exploitations et les compétences des éleveurs constituaient également une potentielle limite. En élevage bovin laitier, des entretiens ont permis de montrer que les perceptions et connaissances des éleveurs semblaient être un des freins majeurs à l’amélioration des pratiques, le système d’exploitation semblant intervenir à la marge. En élevage bovin allaitant, des leviers permettant d’améliorer la coordination entre les acteurs de la chaîne de valeur ont été identifiés. En élevage laitier, un programme innovant de formation et de conseil a été évalué dans le cadre d’une étude d’intervention, montrant une amélioration des connaissances et perceptions des éleveurs sur la prévention et l’utilisation des antibiotiques
Reducing antibiotic use is one of the main levers to limit the increase of antimicrobial resistance, which threatens the effectiveness of the treatments of human and animal bacterial diseases. In dairy and young beef bull sectors, antibiotics are mainly used to control two production diseases, respectively mastitis and bovine respiratory diseases (BRD). The objective of the thesis was to identify with sectors’ stakeholders’ limitations for the improvement of antibiotic use practices, then to identify levers of action. In the young beef bulls’ sector, interviews with stakeholders and farmers showed that the organization of the value chain, because of its potential influence on BRD risk factors, was one of the main limitation identified. However, the characteristics of farming systems and farmers’ skills were also a potential limitation. In the dairy sector, interviews have shown that farmers’ perceptions and knowledge seemed to be one of the major limitation to the improvement of the practices. The farming system seemed to have only limited influence. In young beef bulls sector, levers to improve coordination between stakeholders in the value chain have been identified. In dairy farming, an innovative training and advising program was evaluated as part of an intervention study, showing an improvement in the knowledge and perceptions of farmers regarding prevention measures and antibiotic use

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McNaughton, Maurice L. „Deregulation, Uncertainty, and Information Technology in the Electric Utility Industry: A Transaction Cost Interpretation of the Drivers and Consequences of Vertical Disintegration“. restricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11132005-061139/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Title from title screen. Arun Rai, Johnathan Wareham, committee co-chairs; Subhashish Samaddar, Joseph Katz, committee members. Electronic text (249 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-247).

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Vestin, Sofia, und Chien Le. „Vad är en hållbar bank? : En kvalitativ studie om hur en mångtydig definition av begreppet hållbarhet påverkar banksektorn och dess aktörer“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149481.

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Bakgrund: Det finns idag ett stort utbud av banker på den svenska marknaden och den allmänna diskussionen påvisar att intresset för att välja en hållbar bank ökar från samhället. I dagsläget har merparten av bankerna i det svenska samhället implementerat sin egen hållbarhetspolicy, med egna riktlinjer och kravställningar de skall följa, samt en beskrivning om vilka principer de sägs stå bakom. I och med att begreppet hållbarhet inte är reglerat i lagstiftningen leder detta till att begreppet tolkas på olika sätt och kan innebära svårigheter för kunder, eftersom det kan finnas skillnader i hållbara bankers inriktning när det gäller investeringar och utlåningar. Därmed kan det ifrågasättas om kunden är medveten om vad den investerar i. Med utgångspunkt utifrån detta finns det ett intresse att analysera och belysa hur de olika aktörerna på banksektorn själva definierar begreppet för att sedan komma fram till en mer konkret förklaring av vad som menas med begreppet för att underlätta för kunderna. Syfte: Uppsatsen syftar till att analysera och belysa hur den svenska banksektorn tolkar och implementerar hållbarhetsaspekten i dess verksamhet och hur den rådande mångtydiga definitionen av begreppet hållbarhet påverkar sektorn och dess aktörer. Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt använts. Efter att ha studerat relevant litteratur samt analyserat hur den svenska banksektorns hållbarhetsarbete så har en egenkonstruerad analysmodell utvecklats. Denna analysmodell ligger till grund för referensramen, utformandet av intervjumallen samt analys av den insamlade datan. Sammanlagt har nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med banker, externa oberoendegranskningsparter och kunder. Slutsats: En hållbar bank är en bank som aktivt arbetar för att minimera dess negativa påverkan på människa, samhälle och miljö, såväl som aktivt tar till vara på de möjligheter de har för att främja hållbar utveckling. Bristen på transparens och tydlighet i kombination med en banksekretess ger utrymme för opportunistiskt beteende hos bankerna. Lemonsproblematiken råder inte för banker generellt i dagsläget men det finns tendenser inom mindre verksamhetsgrenar såsom fondförvaltning. Slutligen är dagens regelverk och övervakning inte tillräckliga för att reducera informationsasymmetrier och opportunistiskt beteende. Externa oberoende granskningsaktörer synar opportunistiskt beteende men kanäven ge upphov till opportunistiskt beteende i form av vitmålning.
Background: Today, there is a wide range of banks on the Swedish market and the general discussion shows that interest in choosing a sustainable bank is increasing from the society. At the moment, most of the Swedish banks have implemented their own policies, guidelines and requirements regarding sustainability, which they are following, as well as a description of the international principles they are said to stand behind. As the concept of sustainability is not regulated in the legislation, this means that the term is interpreted in different ways and may cause difficulties for the customers, as there may be differences in the focus of sustainable banks in terms of financing and investing. Therefore, it can be questioned if the customer is aware of what they invest in. Based on this, it is found interesting to analyse and enlighten how the different actors, in the banking sector, define the term sustainability, in order to clarify and explain what the definition of sustainability means, within the banking sector, to facilitate for the customers. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to analyse and illustrate how the Swedish banking sector interprets and implements the sustainability aspect in their organisation and how the current ambiguous definition of sustainability affects the sector and its agents. Method: In order to answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative approach has been used. A unique analysis model has been developed. This after studying relevant literature and analysing how the Swedish banking sector works regarding sustainability. This analysis model forms the basis for the theory, the design of the interview template and the analysis of the collected data. In total, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with banks, external independent auditors and customers. Conclusion: A sustainable bank is a bank that actively works to minimize its negative impact on humans, society and environment, as well as actively embracing the opportunities they have for promoting sustainable development. The lack of transparency and clarity in combination with bank secrecy creates a space for opportunistic behaviour from the banks. The Markets for “Lemons” do not exist at the moment in the banking sector, as a whole, but there are tendencies in specific operation groups, such as fund management. Today's regulatory and monitoring is not enough to reduce information asymmetries and opportunistic behaviour. External independent auditors bring opportunistic behaviour to the surface but can also cause opportunistic behaviour in terms of whitewashing.

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Bergamaschi, Sidnei. „Modelos de gestão da terceirização de tecnologia da informação: um estudo exploratório“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-17062005-075636/.

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A terceirização, ou o processo de transferência de suas atividades, por parte das organizações, para terceiros, é uma prática utilizada há muito tempo e que vem se tornando mais comum. O mesmo também ocorre especificamente em relação às atividades da área de Tecnologia da Informação, desde o início da utilização dos computadores nas organizações até os dias atuais. Diversos são os motivos que levam as organizações a terceirizar, parcial ou totalmente, suas diferentes atividades e serviços na área de Tecnologia da Informação, sendo muitos deles associados à redução de custos, melhoria de qualidade e foco nas atividades essenciais da organização. Algumas teorias econômicas embasam as decisões de terceirização por parte das organizações, particularmente a economia dos custos de transação, custos de produção e teoria de agência. Esta tese tem como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório sobre as formas de contratação e gerenciamento da terceirização de Tecnologia da Informação, bem como de fatores que influenciam a adoção dessas formas. A tese propõe um modelo, elaborado com base na literatura existente sobre o assunto, segundo o qual, determinados fatores econômicos e objetivos estratégicos das organizações influenciam na escolha de um modelo de gestão da terceirização. Além disso, o modelo propõe uma taxonomia para as formas de gestão da terceirização de Tecnologia da Informação, divididas em dois grupos: os modos de contratação e os modos de gerenciamento, e também analisa os relacionamentos específicos entre eles. A pesquisa utilizou uma amostra composta por 228 empresas, em sua maior parte indústrias, usuárias de serviços de Tecnologia da Informação, que participaram de um survey, através de um website na internet. Sobre os dados provenientes da amostra foram aplicadas várias técnicas estatísticas, como análise de correlação, análise de clusters e análise de variância, para validar as hipóteses do modelo. Os resultados obtidos confirmam o modelo de pesquisa parcialmente, comprovando os relacionamentos entre as formas de contratação e gerenciamento, porém, não permitindo conclusões definitivas sobre a influência de fatores econômicos e objetivos estratégicos na definição e escolha dos modelos de gestão. Dos relacionamentos entre as formas de contratação e gerenciamento é possível identificar um conjunto de três arranjos distintos, para a gestão da terceirização de TI pelas organizações. Além disso, são apresentados resultados e conclusões adicionais a respeito dos responsáveis pelo processo de terceirização, pelo orçamento de terceirização, quantidade e diversidade de serviços terceirizados e, ainda, sobre a satisfação com os resultados obtidos com a terceirização de serviços de TI. Dos relacionamentos entre as formas de contratação e gerenciamento é possível identificar um conjunto de três arranjos distintos, para a gestão da terceirização de TI pelas organizações.
Outsourcing, or the process of transferring activities to third parties has being underused for a long time and it is becoming a common practice. This is also true in the Information Technology area, ever since computers have been introduced in organizations. There are many reasons associated to the partial or total outsourcing of activities and services in Information Technology, many of them regarding cutting costs, quality improvement and focus on the organization core activities. Some economic theories support the outsourcing decisions such as transaction costs economics, production costs and the agency theory. The objective of this Thesis is to present an exploratory study regarding contracting and management models in Information Technology outsourcing, as well as, the factors that have being taken into consideration in the decision for such models. This Thesis proposes a model, based on the existing literature on the subject, in which companies specific economic factors and strategic objectives influence the choice for an outsourcing management model. Furthermore, the model proposes a taxonomy for the outsourcing management in Information Technology, divided into two groups: contracting and management models. It also analyses the specific relationship between them. The survey has collected information from 228 companies, most of them industries which use Information Technology services and that have answered a questionnaire in a Internet website. Some statistical methods have been applied on the collected sample data; such as, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and variance analysis in order to support the model hypothesis. The results partially confirm the research model, validating the relationship between contracting and management models. However, it was not possible to draw final conclusions on the influence of economic factors and strategic objectives in defining and choosing management models. From de relationships between contracting and management models it is possible to identify a set of three distinct groups for the management of Information Technology outsourcing in the organizations. Moreover, additional results and conclusions are presented regarding the responsibility for the outsourcing process, budgets, amount and diversity of outsourcing services, and, satisfaction with the outsourcing services results in Information Technology.

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Bücher zum Thema "Transaction costs and information problems"

Schäfer, Henry. Währungsqualität, asymmetrische Information und Transaktionskosten: Informationsökonomische Beiträge zu internationalen Währungsbeziehungen. Berlin: Springer, 1988.

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Lee, Kangoh. Transaction costs and equilibrium pricing of congested public goods with imperfect information. [Urbana, Ill]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1989.

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Colombatto, Enrico. Information and transaction costs as the determinants of politically tolerable growth levels. [Toronto]: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1996.

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Ernst, Matthias. Neue Informations- und Kommunikastionstechnologien und marktwissenschaftliche Allokation: Eine infomations- und transaktionskostentheoretische Analyse. München: VVF, 1990.

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Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Problems in accounting for Navy transactions impair funds control and financial reporting : report to agency officials. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Mishkin, Frederic S. What will technology do to financial structure? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Housing Opportunity and Community Development., Hrsg. Problems surrounding the mortgage origination process: Joint hearings before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Regulatory Relief and the Subcommittee on Housing Opportunity and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, on examination of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) and the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) ... July 9 and 15, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Supplementary information on problems at DOE's inactive waste sites : fact sheet for the chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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Office, General Accounting. Contract management: Fixing DOD's payment problems is imperative : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. U.S. Postal Service: Labor-management problems persist on the workroom floor : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Transaction costs and information problems"

Kabanov, Yuri, und Mher Safarian. „Consumption–Investment Problems“. In Markets with Transaction Costs, 183–245. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68121-2_4.

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Cheung, Steven N. S. „Economic Organization and Transaction Costs“. In Allocation, Information and Markets, 77–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20215-7_8.

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Nakagawa, Masayuki. „The Efficiency of the Titling System: Perspectives of Economics“. In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 21–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_3.

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AbstractThe problem of land with unknown ownership is becoming increasingly evident with Japan’s declining population, low birth rate and aging population. This paper examines the need for the titling system using perspectives from economics and considers what sorts of titling system works for which types of society and looks at ways to deal with the problem of land with unknown ownership. A series of previous researches such as Miceli et al. (Eur J Law Econ 6:305–323, 1998; J Urban Econ 47:370–389, 2000) categorize the titling systems used in many advanced countries as either registration systems or recording systems. In terms of broad categorization Japan’s titling system is categorized as a recording system. However, since the details of registered information are confirmed through various registration procedures, the system also has aspects that resemble a registration system. This can be interpreted as having selected the titling system’s strength that considerably lowers the level of litigation risk. In that case, transaction costs become very high. This could be the cause of the excessively small current level of Japanese real estate transactions. Furthermore, the result of selecting the recording system in Japan, which is a system with a very high strength, could explain why nobody takes insurance to cover the risk of title litigation. In Japan, it is highly likely that the full-fledged population decline, low birth rate and aging population will lower the profitability of land. In that case, a titling system with low strength is likely to be the best for society as indicated in the analysis above.

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Beulen, Erik. „Maturing IT Outsourcing Relationships: A Transaction Costs Perspective“. In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 66–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24815-3_4.

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Cordella, Antonio. „Transaction Costs and Information Systems: Does IT Add Up?“ In Bricolage, Care and Information, 386–400. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250611_19.

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Zariphopoulou, Thaleia. „Free Boundary Problems in Asset Pricing with Transaction Costs“. In Complementarity: Applications, Algorithms and Extensions, 381–400. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3279-5_18.

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Schneider, Dieter. „Agency Costs and Transaction Costs: Flops in the Principal-Agent-Theory of Financial Markets“. In Agency Theory, Information, and Incentives, 481–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75060-1_25.

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Lin, Dan, Xiaoming Li und Minqiang Li. „A Genetic Algorithm for Solving Portfolio Optimization Problems with Transaction Costs and Minimum Transaction Lots“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 808–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11539902_99.

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Yusufov, Abdulkadi M., Nazifat M. Alieva, A. V. Voloshina, E. A. Dynnikova und N. V. Terekhina. „Analysis of Transaction Costs in the Formation of Accounting Information“. In Contributions to Economics, 269–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60696-5_34.

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Lemrabott, Mohamed, Serigne Gueye, Adnan Yassine und Yves Rakotondratsimba. „Portfolio Selection under Piecewise Affine Transaction Costs: An Integer Quadratic Formulation“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 190–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87477-5_21.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Transaction costs and information problems"

Gao, Yuelin, Ying Sun und Yuhong Li. „Mean-CVaR Portfolio Optimization Problem under Concave Transaction Costs and Minimal Transaction Unit Constraints“. In 2009 Second International Conference on Information and Computing Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic.2009.27.

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Zhu, Mengying, Xiaolin Zheng, Yan Wang, Qianqiao Liang und Wenfang Zhang. „Online Portfolio Selection with Cardinality Constraint and Transaction Costs based on Contextual Bandit“. In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/646.

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Online portfolio selection (OLPS) is a fundamental and challenging problem in financial engineering, which faces two practical constraints during the real trading, i.e., cardinality constraint and non-zero transaction costs. In order to achieve greater feasibility in financial markets, in this paper, we propose a novel online portfolio selection method named LExp4.TCGP with theoretical guarantee of sublinear regret to address the OLPS problem with the two constraints. In addition, we incorporate side information into our method based on contextual bandit, which further improves the effectiveness of our method. Extensive experiments conducted on four representative real-world datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods when cardinality constraint and non-zero transaction costs co-exist.

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Zheng, Wenbo, Lan Yan, Chao Gou und Fei-Yue Wang. „Federated Meta-Learning for Fraudulent Credit Card Detection“. In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/642.

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Credit card transaction fraud costs billions of dollars to card issuers every year. Besides, the credit card transaction dataset is very skewed, there are much fewer samples of frauds than legitimate transactions. Due to the data security and privacy, different banks are usually not allowed to share their transaction datasets. These problems make traditional model difficult to learn the patterns of frauds and also difficult to detect them. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework termed as federated meta-learning for fraud detection. Different from the traditional technologies trained with data centralized in the cloud, our model enables banks to learn fraud detection model with the training data distributed on their own local database. A shared whole model is constructed by aggregating locallycomputed updates of fraud detection model. Banks can collectively reap the benefits of shared model without sharing the dataset and protect the sensitive information of cardholders. To achieve the good performance of classification, we further formulate an improved triplet-like metric learning, and design a novel meta-learning-based classifier, which allows joint comparison with K negative samples in each mini-batch. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significantly higher performance compared with the other state-of-the-art approaches.

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Nagai, Hideo. „Risky Fraction Processes and Problems with Transaction Costs“. In Proceedings of the Ritsumeikan International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702852_0013.

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Yi, Lan. „Multi-period portfolio selection with transaction costs“. In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering (ICIFE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icife.2010.5609261.

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Li, Shiwei. „A portfolio optimization model not considering transaction costs“. In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icime.2010.5478095.

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Xiaoli, Wu. „Transaction Costs, Ideology Technical Performance and Human Capital“. In 2010 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2010.343.

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Huang, Xiaoqin, und Xiaojie Liu. „European option pricing with transaction costs and trading restrictions“. In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icime.2010.5477876.

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He, Ying-yu. „Portfolio selection model with transaction costs based on fuzzy information“. In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering (ICIFE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icife.2010.5609270.

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Alain, Haït,. „Scheduling Parallel Production Lines with Energy Costs“. In Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, herausgegeben von Bakhtadze, Natalia, chair Dolgui, Alexandre und Bakhtadze, Natalia. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090603-3-ru-2001.00212.

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