Dissertationen: „Training Posture“

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Leavey, Vincent J. „The comparative effects of a six-week balance training program, gluteus medius strength training program, and combined balance training/gluteus medius strength training program on dynamic postural control“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4594.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 107 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Emery, Kim. „Effects of Pilates training on neck-shoulder posture and movement“. Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116101.

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The purpose of this Master's project was to investigate the effects of a l2-week Pilates training program on neck-shoulder posture and motion, core strength and neck-shoulder kinematics and muscles activity associated with a shoulder flexion task performed under six different conditions. After the training, scapula anterior tilt and upper and lower thoracic extension were reduced and there was increased activity of the rectus abdominis, serratus anterior and rhomboid muscles during the shoulder flexion task; passive shoulder range of motion increased in flexion and internal rotation; static thoracic kyphosis was smaller and abdominal strength was greater. Theses results suggest that Pilates is effective in improving core strength, thoracic static and dynamic posture, and shoulder flexibility as well as in stabilizing core posture as limb movements are performed. Our results support the use of the Pilates method in the rehabilitation, and possibly in the prevention, of neck-shoulder disorders.

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Sousa, Patricia Nascimento de. „Efeito do treinamento de força na estabilidade postural de mulheres idosas“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-31052012-125453/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento de força muscular dos membros inferiores na estabilidade postural de mulheres idosas. As participantes (n =21) eram saudáveis, com idade entre 60 e 75 anos (M = 64,4 anos), e foram designadas a um grupo de treinamento (TF) ou a um grupo controle (CO). Esses grupos foram comparados em estabilidade postural e força antes e após um programa de treinamento de força para o grupo TF. A estabilidade postural foi avaliada em posturas eretas estáticas com apoio unipodal e bipodal, e em situações em que a estabilidade postural bipodal foi perturbada de forma previsível ou imprevisível. A perturbação previsível foi produzida por um movimento voluntário, por meio da elevação rápida com as mãos, de cargas conhecidas: 1 Kg, 3 Kg ou 5 Kg. A perturbação imprevisível foi produzida pela alteração inesperada da carga de 3 Kg para a carga de 1 Kg ou de 5 Kg antes de sua elevação. Os resultados indicaram aumento da força muscular após o treinamento de força. Quanto à estabilidade postural, nãob foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos após o treinamento para as tarefas de apoio bipodal e apoio unipodal. A estabilidade postural foi afetada principalmente, quando uma carga mais leve foi elevada na situação imprevisível, gerando maior deslocamento anterior e posterior do CP. Entretanto, não houve efeito do treinamento de força no deslocamento do CP. Após o treinamento de força, o grupo TF apresentou uma redução do tempo de deslocamento posterior do CP e uma redução na variabilidade de amplitude do CP após ajustes compensatórios. Estes resultados sugerem que o treinamento de força não afeta o equilíbrio de idosos em situações estáticas ou componentes de ajustes iniciais com a perturbação da postura, mas houve um efeito positivo nos componentes tardios de ajustes após a perturbação
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training of the lower limbs on postural stability of older women. Participants (n =21) were healthy, with ages ranging between 60 and 75 years (M=64.4 years); they were assigned to two groups: strength training (ST) and control (CO). These groups were compared for postural stability and muscular strength before and after a strength training program for the ST group. Postural stability was evaluated in uni and bipodal static stance, and in situations of predictable and unpredictable perturbation of balance. The predictable disturbance was produced through the action of lifting a known load (1 kg, 3 kg or 5 kg) with the hands. The unpredictable disturbance was produced by an unexpected alteration of the load of 3 kg to 1 kg or 5 kg right before lifting the load up. The results indicated increased muscle strength after strength training. Regarding postural stability, no significant difference was detected between groups for uni/bipodal static postures. Postural stability was most affected when a lighter weight was lifted in the unpredictable situation, leading to greater anterior and posterior center of pressure (CP) displacement. Strength training, however, had no effect on the initial CP displacement. After training, the ST group showed shorter time of posterior CP displacement and lower variability of CP range after compensatory adjustments. These results suggest that strength training for elderly individuals does not affect stability in static postures or the early component of adjustments to balance perturbation, but it has a positive effect on the late component of adjustments to balance perturbation

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Griffiths, Lisa Ann. „The application of respiratory muscle training to competitive rowing“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4598.

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Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been shown to improve exercise tolerance during a wide range of exercise modalities and durations of activity (McConnell & Romer, 2004b). However, there is a limited amount of research characterising the influence of RMT in specific athletic populations, or examining any sport-specific factors that may influence the benefits of RMT. Hence, the purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the application of RMT in competitive rowers and to explore methods of optimising this to rowing. Results: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) increased inspiratory muscle strength (~20-29%; p < 0.05) and attenuated inspiratory muscle fatigue (~8-28%; p < 0.05) during time trial performance in club-level and elite rowers. However, only in the club-level oarsmen was IMT associated with a measurable improvement in rowing performance (2.7% increase in mean power; p < 0.05). Expiratory muscle training (EMT) provided no ergogenic effect, and concurrent EMT and IMT did not enhance performance above that seen with IMT alone. IMT loads performed at 60-70% of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) were equivalent to the widely used 30 repetition maximum, which is higher than reported for non-rowers (Caine & McConnell, 1998a); further, a load of 60% PImax was sufficient to activate the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex, as evidenced by a time-dependent rise in heart rate (70.1 ± 13.2 to 98.0 ± 22.8 bpm; p < 0.05) and mean arterial blood pressure (92.4 ± 8.5 to 99.7 ± 10.1 mmHg; p < 0.05). Higher and lower inspiratory loads did not activate the metaboreflex. Assessments of flow, pressure and volume in rowing relevant postures revealed no significant impairments, but optimal function occurred in the most upright postures. Conclusions: These data support the application of IMT, but not EMT, in elite and sub-elite rowers, and suggest that a load of 60-70% of PImax provides metaboreflex activation during loading. Further, the data do not support a requirement to undertake IMT in rowing relevant postures.

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Tallon, Guillaume. „Applications cliniques d'analyses dynamiques des fluctuations posturales chez la personne âgée“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON14006/document.

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Le vieillissement démographique français constitue un défi majeur de santé publique. Il se caractérise par des changements physiologiques pouvant provoquer des troubles moteurs. Il en résulte à plus ou moins long terme une perte d'autonomie nécessitant parfois l'institutionnalisation de la personne. L'examen des déficits posturaux se réalise en pratique clinique courante par une évaluation stabilométrique. L'enregistrement des déplacements du centre des pressions peut être analysé selon deux approches : la première, traditionnelle, analysant leur cinématique à l'aide de statistiques descriptives ; la seconde, dynamique, quantifiant leur complexité notamment en termes de régularité. Dans ce travail, nous montrons statistiquement la complémentarité de ces deux approches. Nous mettons également en évidence les intérêts cliniques de l'approche dynamique au travers de deux études : (i) une exploration de la relation entre les résultats d'un test fonctionnel validé et l'évaluation posturale chez des femmes âgées sédentaires ; (ii) une comparaison basée sur une analyse dynamique des fluctuations posturales de deux groupes de personnes âgées institutionnalisées : avec et sans antécédents de chute
In France, aging is a major public health challenge. Specific aging-associated physiologic modifications can produce movement disorders and lead to dependency and institutionalization in nursing homes. Clinical examination of postural deficits is generally achieved by means of stabilometric evaluation. Recordings of center of pressure (COP) displacements can be analyzed in two ways : (i) a classical approach based on kinematics and descriptive statistics or (ii) a dynamical approach which provides a quantification of the complexity of COP time series in terms of regularity. In this work, we statistically show the complementarity of these two approaches. We also highlight the clinical interest of the dynamical approach with two clinical studies : (i) an exploration of the relationship between a functional test and postural evaluation in asymptomatic sedentary older women ; (ii) a comparison of institutionalized elderly non-fallers and fallers based on a dynamical analysis of COP fluctuations

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Dalton, Christopher. „Nordic Walking Improves Postural Alignment and Leads to a More Normal Gait Pattern Following 8 Weeks of Training in Older Adults“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34091.

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Background: Declines in gait velocity, stride length, cadence, and postural stability are common with advancing age and have further been linked to heightened fall risk and functional decline. Physical activity can slow or prevent such gait declines in older adults. In young adults, Nordic walking (NW) training has been shown to increase stride length and gait speed, yet has demonstrated inconsistent findings regarding joint loading, with reports of both increases and decreases in this respect. Further, research of this facet has very minimally been examined as it pertains to older adults. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine both the initial effect, and the prolonged effect following an 8-week intervention, of Nordic walking (NW) on older adult gait performance and postural alignment and stability. Methods: Gait and postural alignment and stability during NW and conventional walking were assessed and compared following an 8-week NW program (2x/week) in 12 healthy older adults (age: 68 ± 6.8 years; 8 female, 4 male). Participants performed six 5m walking trials, 3 with poles and 3 without, followed by two 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) trials, one with poles (WP) and the other without (NP). Gait characteristics and trunk measures in the sagittal and frontal planes were quantified using a 6 inertial sensor accelerometry system (APDM, Oregon, USA) as well as an eight camera 3-dimensional motion capture system (Vicon, Oxford, UK) with 2 force platforms (Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland) embedded within. All variables were assessed using two-way repeated measures ANOVAs to compare NW to conventional walking and before and after the intervention. Results: When comparing walking WP to NP at initial pre-testing, significantly longer stride length, slower gait speed, and increased double support time were found to coincide with decreases in power generation and absorption at the hip and knee WP. However, following prolonged practice, a longer stride length, faster gait speed, and increased power generation at pre-swing at the hip and power absorption during loading and terminal swing about the knee were found WP post-intervention. Conclusions: An initial 8-week training period is necessary for novice NW in order to develop technique and to restore gait and postural alignment to more “normal” standards following training. Additionally, since the acquisition of the skill requires proper allocation of attention between two tasks: walking and pole manipulation, NW should be done so in a relatively safe environment, free of distraction and obstacles. Finally, with frail elderly, a longer acquisition period may be necessary since facilitation of movement must first occur.

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Kutschke, Ian Peter. „The effects of the Alexander Technique training on neck and shoulder biomechanics and posture in healthy people“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94940.

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The aim of this Master's study was to quantify the effects of an eight week, 20-lesson Alexander Technique (AT) training program on neck/shoulder postural alignment, range of motion and muscle activity in healthy people during tasks that targeted the head-neck/shoulder relationship. Post AT training laboratory assessments revealed a decrease in upper thoracic kyphosis in a static seated posture task and in a computer typing task. There was an increase in serratus anterior muscle activity amplitude at 120 degrees of a weighted shoulder flexion task and an increase in shoulder flexion range of motion. Since posture appears to be a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders, and reduced shoulder range of motion as well as maintaining work-specific postures with static muscle activation have been associated with chronic neck and shoulder disorders, the AT may have some clinical benefit as a rehabilitation, and also as a preventative, approach for neck/shoulder disorders.
Le but de ce projet de maîtrise était de mesurer les effets d'un programme de huit semaines, 20 leçons de technique Alexander (AT) sur l'alignement postural cou-épaule, l'amplitude de mouvement et l'activité musculaire de personnes en bonne santé pendant des tâches qui visaient la relation tête-cou-épaule. Les évaluations de laboratoire post-entraînement ont indiqué une diminution de la cyphose thoracique durant des tâches statiques d'assise et d'entrée de texte à l'ordinateur. Il y avait une augmentation d'amplitude d'activité du muscle serratus antérieur à 120 degrés d'une tâche de flexion d'épaule avec charge et d'amplitude de flexion d'épaule. Puisque la posture semble être un facteur de risque pour des troubles musculo-squelettiques et que les déficits d'amplitude ainsi que le maintient de postures de travail spécifiques avec l'activation musculaire sont associés aux troubles chroniques de cou-épaule, l'AT pourrait présenter un avantage clinique comme approche de réadaptation et de prévention des troubles cou-épaule.

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Masaki, Mitsuhiro. „Studies on sagittal spinal alignment in middle-aged and elderly women and on strength training of lumbar back muscles“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215469.

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Jehu, Deborah. „The Effects of Dual-Task Training on Dual-Task Skills in Older Adults“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36544.

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It is well established that aging is associated with numerous health concerns, including poor balance. Deteriorations in attention demand also place older adults at a greater risk for falls. Emerging experiments have explored the impact of dual-task training programs and have improved dual-tasking in older adults. However, it is unknown whether these performance-related improvements are a function of the intervention itself or the repeated exposure to the testing protocol. Study 1 explored the implications of repeated administration, once per week for 5 weeks, of a protocol involving standing postural sway while concurrently performing reaction time (RT) tasks in older adults. Results revealed that postural sway was stable across testing sessions whereas the difficult RT task gradually improved over time. Study 2 examined the influence of repeated exposure, once per week for 5 weeks, of a protocol involving negotiating a series of obstacles while performing RT tasks in older adults. Participants walked significantly faster with repeated exposure and gradually improved RT. Study 3 investigated the impact of repeated exposure, once per week for 5 weeks, to three functional mobility measures in older adults. It also examined the influence of a 12-week balance and mobility training (BMT) program as well as a 12-week balance and mobility plus cognitive training (BMT+C) program on functional mobility in older adults. Functional mobility served to be stable over time. Both the BMT and BMT+C groups significantly improved functional mobility and sustained these improvements at the 12-week follow-up, while no changes were observed in the control group. No differences between the BMT and BMT+C groups emerged. Experiment 4 examined the influence of BMT and BMT+C on postural sway and RT in older adults. Participants in both training groups significantly improved RT and sustained these improvements at the follow-up, while no changes were observed in the control group. No changes to postural control were shown in any group. No differences between the BMT and BMT+C groups emerged. Experiment 5 examined the influence of BMT and BMT+C on negotiating a series of obstacles while performing RT tasks in older adults. Both the BMT and BMT+C groups significantly improved RT and sustained these improvements at the follow-up, while no changes were observed in the control group. All groups showed faster time to completion of the obstacle series. No differences between the BMT and BMT+C groups emerged. Collectively, these findings suggest that BMT and BMT+C significantly improve functional mobility and divided attention, and sustain these improvements over time. Although some improvements were observed after repeated exposure over 5 weeks, no changes in the control group were observed. Therefore, the improvements exhibited from BMT and BMT+C are likely not a function of repeated exposure to the testing protocol, as participants may be more susceptible to performance-related improvements when the testing sessions are close in proximity. Altogether, these findings propose that, whether or not cognitive training is included, attention demanding dual-task training not only improves functional mobility and RT, but also sustains these improvements over time in older adults. These results may be used to improve the prescription of exercise in older adults.

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Siskovich, Kristen M. „A Novel Method for Evaluating Flow Rates, Posture, and Bolus Size During Open-Cup Drinking in Children“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461952523.

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Cunha, Andréa Baraldi. „Influência da orientação corporal e do treino específico nos parâmetros espaço-temporais na emergência do alcance em lactentes“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5277.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3489.pdf: 2247804 bytes, checksum: d4e7a8be79e98395e011890d48e15af9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Considering that changes in the organism s adaptability process occur in response to the convergent influence of intrinsic and extrinsic constraints, studies have shown that the body orientation and practice can positively influence the movements of the upper extremities in infants. Thus, this study has two objectives divided into two studies: (1) assess the influence of body orientation and (2) assess the specific training influence during reaching s emergence period. To meet the objectives proposed, the kinematic variables (spatio-temporal) were obtained through infants assessments at two positions: supine position and reclined at 45°, in a baby chair until 3 days after emergence of reaching. In Study 1, reaches were analyzed in these two positions. In Study 2, two assessments were performed: pre training and post training, i.e., before and immediately after training, respectively. To complete the training protocol, infants were divided into three groups: no training, supine training group and reclined training group. The results indicated that the different postures were not able to promote changes in reaching spatio-temporal parameters at the time this ability emerges. However, specific training was effective to promote faster reaches in infants in the reach s emergency phase, with recline training position being more appropriated than supine position. Moreover, the effects of training in specific positions were not transferable from one to another. Therefore, during the emergence period of reaching, infants have irregular trajectories and as this ability is fundamental for infants motor, social, perceptual and cognitive development, different positions and specific training can be used as intervention strategies to promote different sensory and motor experiences and thus provide different demands on the neuromotor system, promoting new movement strategies.
Considerando que as mudanças no processo de adaptabilidade do organismo ocorrem em resposta à influência convergente de restrições intrínsecas e extrínsecas, estudos têm demonstrado que a orientação corporal e a prática podem influenciar positivamente os movimentos dos membros superiores em lactentes. Sendo assim, o presente estudo apresenta dois objetivos divididos em dois estudos: (1) verificar a influência da orientação corporal e (2) verificar a influência do treino específico no período de emergência do alcance em lactentes. Para atender aos objetivos proposto, as variáveis cinemáticas (espaçotemporais) foram obtidas por meio de avaliações dos lactentes nas posições, supina e reclinada a 45° com a horizontal, em uma cadeira infantil, até 3 dias após a emergência do alcance. No Estudo 1, foram analisados os alcances realizados nessas duas posições. No Estudo 2, foram realizadas duas avaliações do alcance: a pré-treino e a pós-treino, ou seja, antes e logo após o treino, respectivamente. Para realizar o protocolo de treino, os lactentes foram subdivididos em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo de treino em supino e grupo de treino em reclinado. Os resultados indicaram que as diferentes posturas não foram capazes de promover alterações nos parâmetros espaço-temporais do alcance no momento de emergência dessa habilidade. Entretanto, o treino específico foi efetivo para promover alcances mais rápidos em lactentes na fase de emergência do alcance, sendo treino na postura reclinada mais indicado do que na postura supina. Além disso, os efeitos dos treinos nas posições específicas não foram transferíveis de uma para outra. Portanto, no período de emergência do alcance, os lactentes apresentam trajetórias irregulares. Sendo essa habilidade fundamental para o desenvolvimento motor, social, perceptual e cognitivo do lactente, diferentes posições e treinos específicos poderão ser utilizados como estratégias de intervenção para promover experiências sensório motoras e, assim, proporcionar diferentes demandas ao sistema neuromotor, favorecendo a utilização de novas estratégias de movimento.

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Beacon, Jillian. „Assessing 2D and 3D Motion Tracking Technologies for Measuring the Immediate Impact of Feldenkrais Training on the Playing Postures of Pianists“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33125.

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The Feldenkrais Method of somatic education has become popular with pianists for improving ease of motion and musculoskeletal health. This thesis contains three studies investigating motion-tracking technologies as means to objectively assess the impact of Feldenkrais training on pianist posture. The first study investigates the accuracy and reliability of Dartfish 2D motion tracking software. Results indicate that Dartfish tracking error is within +/- 0.25 centimeters. The second study uses Dartfish to track head, shoulder, and spine positions of 15 pianists during performance before and after receiving a Feldenkrais Functional Integration Lesson. Comparisons of pre- and post-test measurements indicate no group trends in posture change. However, intriguing changes to movement quality in the head and torso were observable for two participants. The third study compares tracking quality of Dartfish and the Microsoft Kinect for the head, shoulders, and arms of four pianists attending a weeklong Feldenkrais workshop. Results reveal frequent tracking errors with the Kinect sensor, making it unsuitable to measure the impact of somatic training on pianist posture.

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Sandberg, Tanja. „Posture Positive : konceptdriven designforskning som undersöker spel som en möjlig lösning för ungdomars hållningsproblem“. Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20920.

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Med en ökad användning av digitala enheter i samhället ser vi också att fler drabbas av hållningsrelaterade hälsobekymmer. Ungdomar är särskilt drabbade även om de i många fall är omedvetna om det, men knappt ingen forskning fokuserar på den här målgruppen och deras behov. Den forskning som tagits fram är inte heller överens hur man på bästa sätt löser problematiken med hållning. Syftet med studien är därför att göra ungdomar mer medvetna om sin kroppshållning samt ta reda på hur digital design på bästa sätt kan motivera ungdomar att förbättra sin kroppshållning. För att ta reda på detta ställdes följande fråga: ”Hur kan en digital designlösning utformas för att skapa medvetenhet kring ungdomars kroppshållning, samt hjälpa att förbättra deras kroppshållning på ett underhållande och icke störande sätt?”. Studien genomfördes med metoden Konceptdriven Designforskning som inkluderar skapandet av en konceptuell prototyp förankrad i tidigare forskning. Prototypen består av en bärbar sensor som mäter hållning och en applikation i form av ett spel där användaren kan se sin hållning i realtid samt aktivt träna sin hållning. Prototypen värderades sedan genom en digital enkätundersökning. I resultatet framgick att designlösningen kunde tänkas användas av deltagarna, samt hjälpa att förbättra deras hållning eftersom den gjorde användaren mer medveten om sin kroppshållning. Många deltagare trodde att spelet kunde bidra med motivation och göra hållningsträningen mer underhållande men att fler spel-funktioner krävs för att behålla användarens intresse under en längre tid. Deltagarna ansåg att konceptet i sin helhet inte var störande men att mer tydlig feedback krävs för att indikera bra/dålig hållning. Utifrån detta resultat kan slutsatsen dras att konceptet i teorin kan skapa medvetenhet kring ungdomars kroppshållning och hjälpa de att träna den på ett underhållande sätt som inte är störande, men att mer studier och designarbete krävs för att komma fram till det bästa sättet att ge användaren feedback om sin hållning samt göra konceptet mer attraktivt att använda ur ett långsiktigt perspektiv.
With the increased use of digital devices in society, we can see that more people are affected by posture related health issues. Adolescents are especially affected although in many cases they are unaware of it, but hardly any research focuses on this group and their needs. The research that has been done also does not agree on how to best solve the problem with posture. The purpose of this study is therefore to make young people more aware of their posture and to find out how digital design can be used in the best way to motivate young people to improve their posture. To find this out, the following question was formed: “How can a digital design solution be formed to create awareness about young people's posture and help improve their posture in an entertaining and non-disturbing way”. The study was carried out with the method Concept driven design research which includes the creation of a conceptual prototype grounded in previous research. The prototype consists of a portable sensor that measures posture and an application in the form of a game where the user can see their posture in real time and actively train their posture. The prototype was then evaluated through a digital survey. The results showed that the participants could consider using the design solution and that it helped to improve their posture as it made the user more aware of their posture. Many participants thought that the game could contribute with motivation and make posture training more entertaining, but that more gaming features are required to keep the user's interest for a longer period. The participants felt that the concept as a whole was not disruptive, but that more clear feedback is required to indicate good/bad posture. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the concept in theory can create awareness of young people's posture and help them to exercise it in an entertaining way that is not disturbing, but that further studies and design work is needed to come up with the best way to give the user feedback on their posture and to make the concept more attractive to use from a long-term perspective.

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Hafsia, Mehdi. „Plateforme de réalité virtuelle Virtual Compagnon : Évaluation d'une solution haptique pour la formation aux gestes métiers“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG066.

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La construction figure parmi les secteurs les plus à risques en matière de santé et de sécurité. La sécurité sociale attribue plus de 14% des accidents recensés en 2018 au secteur du BTP. En plus des risques sur la sécurité, les compagnons sont exposés aux maladies professionnelles. Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) sont en tête de liste des maladies professionnels les plus fréquentes. Afin de répondre à ces problématiques, les entreprises de construction ont mis en place une politique santé et sécurité afin de préserver la vie de leurs salariés. Cette politique prévoit, entre autres, une amélioration de l'aspect organisationnel du travail, l'adaptation du travail à l'homme et la formation.La formation se déroule selon une méthodologie classique : une formation théorique et une formation pratique. La formation représente des contraintes de coût, de durée et d'organisation. Le contenu doit s'adapter à des profils spécifiques, être répétable et permettre aux formateurs d'évaluer le niveau des stagiaires.Pour les formations aux bons gestes et à la bonne posture afin d'éviter les risques d'apparition de TMS, l'impact d'une formation en réalité virtuelle (RV) est moins pertinent en raison de l'absence de retour haptique.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthodologie de formation basée sur une immersion visuelle, une plateforme robotique pour une interaction haptique avec un suivi de mouvement. Cette méthodologie est évaluée pour un sujet particulier : la banche, un outil métier fortement sensible.Nous pensons que cette approche permettrait de mieux engager les compagnons lors des formations sur la banche, d'assurer leur sécurité et la prise de conscience en matière de risques TMS.L'objectif à travers cette méthode, est de permettre au compagnon de comprendre les risques liés à son métier et de le former à éviter les risques, et au formateur de bénéficier d'un outil de suivi et d'accompagnement des compagnons.Afin de valider notre méthodologie, nous avons mené des expérimentations auprès de deux profils de personnes : des novices et des professionnels. Cette expérimentation montre une acceptation de la solution par les compagnons
Construction is one of the sectors most at risk in terms of health and safety. The social security system attributes more than 14% of the accidents recorded in 2018 to the construction sector. In addition to safety risks, construction workers are exposed to occupational diseases. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are at the top of the list of the most frequent occupational diseases. In order to address these issues, construction companies have implemented a health and safety policy to protect the lives of their employees. This policy provides, among other things, for an improvement in the organizational aspect of work, the adaptation of work to people and training.Training is carried out according to a classic methodology: theoretical and practical training. The training represents constraints of cost, duration and organization. The content must be adapted to specific profiles, be repeatable and allow the trainers to assess the level of the trainees.For training on the right gestures and posture to avoid the risk of MSDs, the impact of virtual reality (VR) training is less relevant due to the lack of haptic feedback.In this thesis, we propose a new training methodology based on visual immersion, a robotic platform for haptic interaction with motion tracking. This methodology is evaluated for a particular subject: the formwork panel, a highly sensitive tool.We believe that this approach would allow to better engage the construction workers during training on the formwork, to ensure their safety and awareness of MSD risks.The objective through this method is to enable the construction workers to understand the risks linked to his job and to train him to avoid risks, and to enable the trainer to benefit from a tool for monitoring and supporting the construction workers.In order to validate our methodology, we conducted experiments with two profiles of people: novices and professionals. This experimentation shows an acceptance of the solution by the construction workers

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Cavaggioni, L. „FROM THE ITALIAN CHAMPIONSHIP TO THE PARALYMPIC PODIUM: ELABORATION OF A NOVEL APPROACH OF DRY-LAND TRAINING IN ÉLITE SWIMMERS WITH DISABILITY“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/257338.

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The present Ph D. thesis describes the longitudinal evolution of the physical, postural and functional parameters of three top-level Paralympic swimmers (classes S9-SB8-SM9, S7-SB6-SM7, S5-SB4-SM5) during two years of training promoting a novel approach of “dry land” training based on quality of movement. It is divided into three sections. PART I: in according to available literature, it is described the importance to shift the focus from a movement expressed in quantity (the parameters evaluated are basically related on the athlete’s fitness level) to a movement quality which means a more economic, efficient, biomechanically correct motion and their related assessments procedures. The foundations of human movement patterns are posture and breathing. PART II: two studies, based on aspects that have been an important part to the Paralympic swimmer’s training method, are exposed. The aim of the first research was to evaluate the difference between traditional core training and the abdominal training corrected by diaphragmatic breathing pattern on abdominal fitness, quality of movement and pulmonary function during 4 weeks of training, in two groups (N=32; 29±3 years): the Experimental Group performed abdominal exercises characterized on muscular chain stretching accompanied by a diaphragmatic breathing pattern with vocal sound emission, conversely Traditional Group performed traditional core exercises like crunches or isometric planks. The purpose of the second study is to show a different modality of strength training without external devices which effects are similar to those obtained with Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training. This method is characterized by the modulation of muscle action velocity using moderate intensities (low loads) and slow speed without pause between repetitions nor between phases. PART III: The aim is to show the longitudinal evolution three èlite Paralympic swimmers during two years of training. Methods: related to their disability each subject underwent a specific dry-land training comprising a diaphragmatic breathing technique, aimed to improve their body alignment, mobility and trunk stabilization, as well as a slow-velocity resistance training aimed to improve their muscle strength. They were tested for functional movement by using FMSTM tests, a morphological analysis to describe their body posture, a MARM evaluation for the breathing patterns and the strength measured by vertical jump test with the infrared device Optojump. All data were collected over two years, from the Paralympic games in London in August 2012 to the IPC European Championship in Eindhoven in August 2014. Results: all swimmers improved both the single and the composite scores of the FMSTM assessment, indicating the achievement of a better postural control. They ameliorate their body alignment reaching a better balance between thoracic and diaphragmatic breathing pattern. The male athlete, also increased his strength parameters showing a +14% from December 2012 to August 2013 and an additional 2.6% from August 2013 to August 2014. All athletes won medals (silver and bronze ones) in the major international competitions, especially the male athlete won two bronze medals in London 2012, ended up five gold medals in Eindhoven 2014. Conclusion: These results show that a two-year specific dry-land training comprising body balance, breathing, and slow-velocity resistance training is capable of enhancing the functional, postural and strength performance of three top-level Paralympic swimmers. We conclude that such a gentle approach of training contributed to improved performance in world-class competitions, thus enabling them to reach consistently the highest step of the podium.

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Bluteau, Marie. „Penser la mise en capacité à relier les situations de l’alternance Le cas des dispositifs de formation hybrides et par alternance à visée intégrative“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAE019.

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Et si apprendre était autant une question de lien, que de temps et de lieux ?C’est à partir de cette idée que la présente recherche est née. Elle s’enracine dans le terrain des Maisons Familiales Rurales, incitées, comme nombre d’organisations de formation, à hybrider les formations. Après avoir exploré les évolutions de la formation professionnelle et situé l’hybridation de formation, la revue de littérature permet une première approche des dispositifs hybrides et de formation par alternance à visée intégrative.Cette exploration nous entraîne à considérer, non plus les dispositifs tels que pensés, mais tels que vécus, du point de vue du sujet qui se forme ; et nous conduit à repérer la manière dont les alternants sont mis en situation de créer des liens entre les expériences vécues. L’étude se centre sur ces situations en envisageant les processus contributifs à la construction de reliances (à soi, aux autres, aux mondes) dans les situations interface des environnements multiples de formation.Pour étudier ces processus de mise en capacité à relier chez les personnes en formation, nous adoptons une démarche multiméthode et nous appuyons sur l’étude de cas de deux dispositifs de formation hybrides et par alternance. Nous mobilisons différents cadres de lecture, sur ces dispositifs, les reliances vécues et les postures des alternants nous permettant d’étudier les processus de mises en capacités à l’aide de l’approche par les capabilités. Après avoir identifié les situations interface et les différentes postures des alternants vis-à-vis de la formation, l’étude analyse 6 de ces situations au regard des mises en capacité de reliances à soi, aux autres, aux mondes qui s’y jouent. La recherche montre ainsi comment les alternants sont effectivement mis en capacité de relier leurs expériences, en termes de ressources, d’opportunité et de choix.Mots-clefs :Dispositif de formation hybride et par alternance, Formation adultes, Alternance à visée intégrative, Reliance (à soi, aux autres, aux mondes), Déliance (à soi, aux autres, aux mondes), Capabilité, Hybridation, Système interface, Situation interface, Activité interface, Posture de formation
What if learning was as much a question of links as of time and place?It was from this idea that this research was born. It is rooted in the field of Maisons Familiales Rurales, which, like many training organisations, are encouraged to hybridise their training courses. After exploring developments in vocational training and situating training hybridisation, the literature review provides an initial approach to hybrid and sandwich training schemes with an integrative aim.This exploration leads us to consider the systems not as they are thought out, but as they are experienced, from the point of view of the person undergoing the training; and leads us to identify the way in which work-study students are put in a position to create links between the experiences they have undergone. The study focuses on these situations by looking at the processes that contribute to the construction of connections (to oneself, to others, to worlds) in the interface situations of multiple training environments.To study these processes of enabling trainees to relate, we are adopting a multi-method approach based on a case study of two hybrid and sandwich training schemes. We use different reading frameworks for these systems, the connections experienced and the postures of the alternating trainees, enabling us to study the processes of building capacity using the capability approach. After identifying the interface situations and the different postures adopted by the work-study students in relation to the training, the study analyses 6 of these situations in terms of the development of their ability to relate to themselves, to others and to the worlds in which they work. The research thus shows how work-study students are effectively enabled to relate their experiences, in terms of resources, opportunities and choices.Key words:Hybrid and work-linked training system, Adult training, Integrative work-linked training, Reliance (on oneself, on others, on worlds), Deliance (on oneself, on others, on worlds), Capability, Hybridization, Interface system, Interface situation, Interface activity, Training posture

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Chatard, Hortense. „Contrôle postural et mouvements oculaires chez le sujet atteint de DMLA : du déficit fonctionnel à la rééducation visuo-posturale, oculomotrice et visuo-attentionnelle“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS469.

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La Dégénérescence Maculaire Liée à l’Age (DMLA) affecte actuellement plus d’un million de malades en France et concernera 288 millions de personnes dans le monde en 2040. Cette pathologie du sujet âgé est à l’origine d’un handicap fonctionnel majeur, source de perte d’autonomie et de dépendance. Malgré une forte prévalence, les performances posturales et oculomotrices des sujets atteints de DMLA restent peu étudiées et beaucoup d’interrogations sont à ce jour sans réponse. Ce projet de recherche comporte deux parties pour lesquelles nous avons utilisé différents dispositifs : les plateformes de force TechnoConcept® et Framiral®, le Mobile eyeBRAIN tracker EBT2®, et la tablette connectée Metrisquare®. Dans un premier temps, nous avons examiné l’impact de la DMLA unilatérale versus bilatérale sur le contrôle postural en comparaison avec des sujets sains âgés (Etude I), pour permettre de mettre en évidence le bénéfice de la rééducation posturale chez cette population de malades (Etudes II et III). Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l’oculomotricité des sujets atteints de DMLA à travers leurs performances de saccades visuellement guidés et de lecture, afin de rééduquer ces mêmes performances via des exercices oculomoteurs et visuo-attentionnels (Etude IV, V et VI). En objectivant les mouvements oculaires ainsi que le déplacement du centre de pression chez les sujets atteints de DMLA uni- et bilatérale, en comparaison avec des sujets sains du même âge, nous avons cherché à confirmer notre hypothèse : le déficit visuel des sujets atteints de DMLA, à l’origine d’une malvoyance, entraine la mise en place de mécanismes adaptatifs qui, grâce à une rééducation adaptée, permettent de réduire les restrictions fonctionnelles posturales et oculomotrices. In fine, ces travaux apportent des solutions pour mieux prévenir et rééduquer ces déficits fonctionnels, grâce à des outils innovants qui permettront d’optimiser la prise en charge
Nowadays, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects more than one million of people in France and will concern 288 million of people in the world in 2040. This pathology impacts elderly and generates a serious functional disability which causes autonomy loss and dependance. Despite the high prevalence, the postural and oculomotor performances of AMD subjects are little studied and there are still lot of questions without answers. This research project is composed by two parts and used different experimental techniques: TechnoConcept® and Framiral® force plateforms, Mobile eyeBRAIN tracker EBT2®, and Metrisquare® digital tablet. Firstly, we examined the impact of unilateral versus bilateral AMD in postural control, compared with healthy elderly (Study I), in order to evidence the benefits of postural training in these groups (Studies II and III). Secondly, we studied the oculomotor pattern in AMD subjects during visually guided saccades and reading tasks, to improve their performance with oculomotor and visuo-attentional exercises (Studies IV, V and VI). By objectifying eye movements as well as the displacement of center of pressure in unilateral and bilateral AMD subjects, compared with healthy age-matched controls, we want to confirm our hypothesis: the visual impairment of AMD subjects, which causes low vision, leads to the implementation of adaptive mechanisms that, through appropriate training, reduce postural and oculomotor functional restrictions.In fine, this research provides specialists with solutions to prevent and train these functional deficits with novator techniques, in order to optimize the coverage

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Bonfanti, L. „ONE LEG WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EFFECTS ON MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND BALANCE ABILITY: TRAINED VS UNTRAINED LEG“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217723.

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Introduction Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Acute physiological responses to muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Indeed, whole-body vibration training has recently received a lot of attention with reported enhancements of strength and power qualities in athletes. Unilateral strength training produces an increase in strength of the contralateral homologous muscle group. This process of strength transfer, known as cross education, is generally attributed to neural adaptations. It has been suggested that unilateral strength training of the free limb may assist in maintaining the functional capacity of an immobilised limb via cross education of strength. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of an 5-week periodized training program with whole-body vibration on cross education. Methods Nine healthy males (24±3,35 years; 1,76±0,04 m; 72,22±6,59 kg; 23,25±1,53 kg/m2) performed 10 training sessions on whole-body vibrations platform (Nemes; Ergotest, Rome, Italy). They were exposed to a vibration load in monopodalic half squat position at the muscles resonance frequency. Quadriceps femoris circumferences, vastus lateralis and medialis EMGs, isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), vertical jump (CMJb) and balance tests were performed before and after the conditioning program on trained limb and untrained contralateral. All data were analyzed with ICC (95% CI), Wilcoxon's and Student's t-test for paired data on SPSS v.15 software, and P<0,05 was chosen as the significant rate. Results and Discussion Quadriceps femoris circumferences significantly increased after the conditioning program on trained limb and untrained contralateral (p<0,001). Mean and best values in vastus lateralis EMGs significantly increased in trained limb (p <0,05) but not in the contralateral untrained. Vastus medialis, however, did not significantly increase. All subjects significantly improved in MVC and CMJb both on trained leg (p<0,05) and untrained contralateral (p<0,05) while balance test showed significant improvements only in bipodalic (p<0,05) and monopodalic trained limb executions. Conclusions Like other studies that have analyzed whole body vibration exercises, this survey indicates that a specific vibrations protocol can improve strength and power qualities both in training limb and untrained contralateral. This data support the theory of cross-education gains in the lower limbs following unilateral strength training. Therefore, more studies are needed to analyze the performances on whole-body vibrations platform and the effectiveness of cross strength training.

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Maitre, Julien. „Vieillissement, activité physique et contrôle postural Analyse de l’interaction à travers l’utilisation de manipulations sensorielles multiples et combinées“. Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3033/document.

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L’objectif général de ce travail doctoral était de étudier la résultante entre les bénéfices induits par l’activité physique chronique et les effets délétères de l’avancée en âge sur la fonction d’équilibration. Pour cela, différentes techniques de manipulations sensorielles (e.g. stimulation vestibulaire galvanique, vibration tendineuse, électromyostimulation, tapis de mousse) ont été employées dans le cadre de tâches posturales bipodales. Les principaux résultats montrent que les manipulations sensorielles affectent le contrôle postural quel que soit l’âge et le niveau de pratique physique du sujet. Par ailleurs, l’avancée en âge semble majorer les effets perturbateurs des manipulations sensorielles. Le comportement postural observé pourrait, en grande partie, résulter d’une dégradation de la proprioception. Lorsque l’information proprioceptive est manipulée (i.e. vibration tendineuse), le groupe de sujets âgés ne pratiquant aucune activité physique saturerait plus rapidement le système proprioceptif que les autre groupes de sujets. En revanche, l’activité physique chronique limiterait la dégradation de la capacité d’équilibration. Elle pourrait améliorer la capacité des sujets âgés à recalibrer l’information sensorielle erronée et renforcerait l’efficacité de la proprioception. En filigrane, une optimisation fonctionnelle du système postural permettrait de compenser partiellement les effets du vieillissement. En effet, les involutions qui s’opèrent au cours de l’avancée en âge au niveau des systèmes sensoriels et du système nerveux central s’avèrent inéluctables. Elles empêchent les sujets âgés pratiquant une activité physique régulière de maintenir une habileté à compenser une perturbation posturale similaire à celle de sujets jeunes sportifs
The overall objective of this thesis was to analyse the benefits resulting from the chronic physical activity and the deleterious effects induced by aging on postural control. To this end, different sensory manipulation techniques (e.g. vestibular galvanic stimulation, tendon vibration, electromyostimulation, foam surface) were used in the context of bipedal postural tasks. The main results showed that sensory manipulations affect postural control whatever the age and the level of physical practice of the subject. In addition, the disruptive effects of the sensory manipulations on postural control seem to increase with aging. This postural behaviour could largely result from the involution of the proprioception. When proprioception is disrupted (i.e. tendon vibration), the non-active old subjects group would saturate the proprioceptive system more quickly than the other groups. In contrast, the chronic physical activity would limit the involution of the postural control effectiveness. It could improve the ability of the old subjects to reweight sensory information and enhance the proprioception effectiveness. Hence, a functional postural control optimization might partly compensate the aging effects. Indeed, age-related involutions of sensory systems and central nervous system occurring across life span are inevitable. They prevent the older subjects who practice regular physical activity to maintain a similar ability to cope with postural disruptions in comparison with young athletes

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Shin, Won Taek. „Effects of Boxing Training on Anticipatory Postural Adjustments“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami15559579258238.

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Tia, Banty. „Couplage perception-action et équilibre postural : approche fondamentale. Application de l'observation pour le réentrainement chez les sujets agés“. Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS027.

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L’imitation volontaire est établie comme l’un des modes principaux d’acquisition des habiletés motrices. Il existe également une autre forme d’imitation, automatique et involontaire, étudiée initialement en psychologie sociale du fait de son interaction étroite avec les comportements pro-sociaux. Récemment, et sous l’influence de travaux des années 1990 mettant en lumière des substrats neuronaux communs à l’observation et à l’exécution du mouvement, les recherches scientifiques se sont concentrées sur cette notion d’imitation automatique et ont investigué, via différents paradigmes expérimentaux, les effets de facilitation et d’interférence entre mouvements observés et exécutés. Le travail réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes de contagion motrice et à identifier leurs applications possibles au réentraînement moteur. Dans une première étude, nous avons évalué l’impact de l’observation de mouvements de déséquilibre sur le balancement postural d’observateurs jeunes (24,5 ± 5 ans), sans troubles posturaux. Le contrôle de l’équilibre orthostatique fait principalement intervenir des structures sous-corticales pour le maintien du tonus postural et l’intégration multisensorielle. Ces substrats neuronaux seraient, de la même manière que les fonctions végétatives indépendantes du contrôle volontaire, plus facilement contaminés par les mouvements observés. Cependant, l’observation d’un déséquilibre sollicite également des mécanismes de régulation posturale, qui restreignent le balancement de l’observateur et se surajoutent à des processus inhibiteurs prévenant l’imitation compulsive des mouvements observés. Par conséquent, ce paradigme expérimental nous a permis de tester les limites des effets de contagion à partir d’une situation où les processus inhibiteurs et régulateurs de la posture étaient fortement sollicités. Cette étude nous a conduits à mettre en évidence une contamination du balancement postural des sujets par le déséquilibre observé, ce qui a confirmé l’importance et la prédominance des processus d’imitation. Ce résultat soulève des questions importantes en termes d’applications au réentraînement moteur chez les patients souffrant de troubles posturaux, en particulier chez les personnes âgées qui présentent une altération de leurs fonctions de stabilisation. En effet, si l’observation d’un déséquilibre conduit à une réaction de contagion motrice, il est vraisemblable qu’elle sollicite également des fonctions inhibitrices et régulatrices permettant la stabilisation de l’observateur. La visualisation répétée d’un déséquilibre peut-elle alors conduire à une amélioration de la stabilisation chez les personnes à risque ? Pour étudier cette question, il serait nécessaire de répéter ce protocole chez le public cible - les réponses pouvant être modulées par l’âge et les aptitudes motrices des personnes. Notre seconde étude visait à évaluer l’impact du répertoire moteur sur les réactions de contagion motrice. S’il est admis que le système moteur (contraintes biomécaniques, niveau d’expertise) affecte les processus perceptifs, son effet sur les réactions d’imitation automatique a été peu étudié. Nous avons analysé les réactions posturales d’observateurs jeunes (24,2 ± 3,7 ans), sains, face à des séquences de déséquilibre antéro-postérieur et médio-latéral. Les stratégies d’équilibration posturale sont associées à des contraintes différentes selon ces deux axes, avec une symétrie médio-latérale et une asymétrie antéropostérieure – asymétrie résultant d’une position du centre de masse en avant de l’articulation de la cheville, qui induit une sollicitation accrue des muscles du plan postérieur pour la stabilisation posturale. Un impact du système moteur sur le processus de contagion serait donc susceptible de se traduire par des réactions posturales différentes dans nos deux conditions d’observation. etc
Voluntary imitation is known as a major means of acquisition of motor skills. Besides, another form of imitation, automatic and involuntary, was initially more extensively studied in social psychology, perhaps because of its close interaction with prosocial behaviors. Recently, there was a renewal of interest in automatic imitation, following research works of the 1990s that highlighted common neural substrates for movement observation and execution. In this context, scientific studies started, through various experimental paradigms, to investigate facilitation and interference effects between observed and executed movements. Research work presented in this thesis aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in motor contagion and to identify their possible application to motor retraining. For this purpose, we evaluated, in our first study, the impact of observation of postural imbalance on body sway of young (24.5 ± 5 years), healthy observers. Postural control mainly relies on subcortical structures for maintaining postural tonus and ensuring multisensory integration. Similarly to vegetative functions that are independent of voluntary control, these neural substrates would be more easily contaminated by observed movements. However in response to observed imbalance, postural regulation mechanisms, superimposed to inhibitory processes that prevent compulsive imitation, restrain observers’ disequilibrium. Therefore, this experimental paradigm enabled us to test the limits of contagion mechanisms in a situation highly soliciting inhibitory and regulation processes. Our results led us to highlight a contagion effect of observed imbalance on subjects’ postural sway, which confirmed the importance of imitation processes. These results raise an important question in terms of applications for movement retraining in patients with postural disorders, more specifically in elderly patients with impaired stabilization functions. In effect, if observation of postural imbalance leads to a motor contagion response, it is also likely to solicit regulatory and inhibitory functions for observers’ postural stabilization. Thus, could repeated observation of such disequilibrium movements lead to an improvement of stabilization functions for subjects with postural deficits? To investigate this question, it will be necessary to repeat this protocol with the target population, since observers’ response is likely to vary with age and motor competences. To complete this work, we conducted a second study to assess the impact of the motor repertoire on motor contagion responses. Although it is widely accepted that the motor system (biomechanical constraints, level of expertise) affects perceptual processes, its effect on imitative responses has been little studied. We analyzed postural reactions of young (24.2 ± 3.7 years), healthy observers when presented with sequences of anteroposterior and medio-lateral imbalance. Postural equilibration strategies are associated with different constraints along these two axes, with a medio-lateral symmetry and an anteroposterior asymmetry – this latter asymmetry results from a location of the center of mass ahead of the ankle joint, which induces an increased solicitation of muscles from the posterior plane for stabilization. An impact of the motor system on the contagion process could therefore appear in the form of different postural responses in our two observation conditions. Our results indicated a greater contagion effect during observation of anteroposterior compared to medio-lateral imbalance. Postural contagion is therefore conditioned by observers’ equilibration strategy. In our third study, we considered using this contagion effect for perceptual training aimed at the maintenance and improvement of elderly subjects’ motor performances. The issue of an observational training device is especially relevant when considering people for whom physical exercise is limited due to fatigue or pain.etc

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Strang, Adam. „Effects of Positive and Negative Constraints on Postural Sway Temporal Structure: New Insights for Postural Control“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1278619331.

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Brogren, Eva. „Postural adjustments in sitting position : effect of development, training and brain lesions /“. Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3839-3/.

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SCHIAVONE, GIULIA. „Educazione e funambolismo. Un’indagine qualitativa sulla postura dell’educatore mediante studio di caso sul training psicofisico del funambolo“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241209.

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La ricerca indaga i contributi che il training psicofisico del funambolo, quale pratica volta alla sperimentazione dell’equilibrio in condizioni precarie (Petit,2014), potrebbe apportare al percorso di formazione dell’educatore, che necessita di un equilibrio posturale per esercitare la sua professionalità (Gamelli, 2015). Da una revisione della letteratura sembra infatti emergere una duplice istanza: da una parte la necessità di riabilitare il corpo nei contesti dell’educare, a fronte di un predominio ancora significativo della sfera intellettiva sui sensi e la corporeità, per equilibrare il corpo e la mente dell’educatore (Cunti, 2015); dall’altra, se in aumento sono gli studi tesi a valorizzare le componenti educative insite nelle arti circensi (Beauthier, Dubois & Lemenu, 2016), una riflessione sui contributi pedagogici che la disciplina del funambolismo potrebbe apportare nel percorso di formazione degli educatori, sembra mancare. È da queste premesse che l’indagine, di natura qualitativa, muove la sua domanda. Una ricerca interessata a guardare al processo formativo dell’educatore come un training psicofisico (Massa, 2001) per il disciplinamento della propria postura. Domanda che si è scelta di esplorare, attraverso il contesto del funambolismo, in quanto disciplina performativa che mediante una padronanza dell’intero corpo-mente sembra condurre a una differente qualità di presenza (Antonacci,2012c). Il disegno di ricerca, sensibile alla relazione tra educazione, dimensione corporea e arti performative e a una filosofia fenomenologica della ricerca che attribuisce alla postura del ricercatore (Mortari, 2007) un ruolo fondamentale nel processo di comprensione del fenomeno indagato, riconosce nel metodo fenomenologico-ermeneutico (van Manen,1990) una possibile via per attraversare, significare e interpretare l’oggetto indagato e i dati raccolti. Tale metodologia ha infatti consentito da una parte di osservare l’esperienza - il training psicofisico - dall’altra di recepire le parole, i vissuti e le rappresentazioni simboliche dei partecipanti e della ricercatrice, a sua volta coinvolta. La strategia dello studio di caso multiplo (Yin, 2005) è risultata vantaggiosa in quanto ha consentito di far luce su due singolari contesti. Il primo svolto presso la National Circus School (Montréal), istituto di eccellenza mondiale per la formazione di performer circensi, mediante la documentazione di un training su filo teso esperito da due allievi. Il secondo con il funambolo Loreni, unico performer italiano a camminare a grandi altezze su cavo d’acciaio, mediante la documentazione di un training su filo teso da lui condotto in occasione di tre percorsi formativi rivolti a futuri educatori (Milano-Bicocca) e sperimentato al contempo dalla ricercatrice (Dojo Hokuzuiko, Torino). Congiuntamente all’osservazione etnografica e alle interviste, ci si è avvalsi del linguaggio iconico e poetico come strumento di rilevazione dati, per esplorare le rappresentazioni simboliche dei partecipanti legate alle immagini dell’equilibrio e del filo teso (Cahnmann-Taylor & Siegesmund, 2008), considerando tutto il materiale come testo da interpretare. È coerentemente con la metodologia scelta che si è riconosciuto nel metodo fenomenologico-ermeneutico una possibile prospettiva con cui analizzare i temi emergenti, denominati Parole Maestre (Petit,2014), le essenze della tradizione fenomenologica, individuate quali direzioni semantiche centrali relativamente alla postura dell’educatore e rintracciate, congiuntamente, nella letteratura scientifica. Dalla significazione e interpretazione del materiale raccolto, infine, ci si è proposti di estrarre riflessioni teoriche e strumenti operativi con l’intento di contribuire alla ricerca sulla formazione degli educatori mediante l'esercizio di una postura educativa con-centrata, radicata al suolo e in espansione verso l’alto e l’altro al contempo.
The study inquires the possible contributions of the tightrope walker’s psychophysical training to the formation path of the educator. The tightrope walker’s psychophysical training is a practice that allows the experimentation of balance in precarious conditions (Petit, 2014) and the educator needs postural balance in order to exercise his practice (Gamelli, 2015). The literature shows two main issues: on one hand we find the need to rehabilitate the body in educational contexts as a mean to balance the body and the mind of the educator (Cunti, 2015) in a field where the intellectual sphere still has a predominance over sensorial and Embodied experiences. On the other hand, despite the increasing number of studies that recognise the inherent educational component of the circus arts (Beauthier, Dubois & Lemenu, 2016) we find that there is a missing analysis on the pedagogic contributions that tightrope walking discipline can bring to the educational training of educators. Because of these preconditions, this qualitative research is interested in observing the process to the educators' path as a psychophysical training (Massa, 2001) that can discipline one’s body and mental posture. This research decided to explore this process through tightrope walking because it is a performing art that can bring the artist to a new quality of presence through the mastery of the body-mind setting (Antonacci, 2012c). The study considers the connection between Embodied education, performing arts and the phenomenological philosophy of the research. This gives to the posture of the researcher (Mortari, 2007) a fundamental role in the process of understanding the inquiry. Moreover, this study sees in the phenomenological and hermeneutic method (van Manen, 1990) a possible way to give meaning and interpret the inquired subject and the data gathered. Such methodology has allowed the researcher to both observe the experience, a psychophysical training, and to acknowledge the words, the experiences and symbolic representations of the participants, among whom the researcher herself was included. The use of the multiple case study strategy (Yin, 2005) has proven to be useful as it allowed to analyze two peculiar contexts. The first at the National Circus School in Montréal, a world excellence institute for training circus performers, by documenting a tightrope walking training for two students. The second one with the tightrope walker Loreni, the only Italian performer to walk at high heights on steel rope, by documenting three different workshops for future educators where he conducted a tightrope training at Milano-Bicocca University. The researcher also practiced and trained with Loreni in Dojo Hokuzioko, Torino. Additionally to ethnographic observation and interviews, this inquiry uses iconic and poetic language as a mean to gather data in order to explore the participants' symbolic representations linked to the images of balance and of the tightrope (Cahnmann-Taylor & Siegesmund, 2008), and it considered all of the gathered material as text to interpret. Coherently with the chosen methodology, the researcher found the phenomenological-hermeneutic method to be a perspective to use to analyse the emerging themes, called Parole Maestre (Petit, 2014), that are the essences of the phenomenological tradition and that can be identified as central semantic directions regarding the educator’s posture and that can be also found in the scientific literature. Lastly, during the interpretation and understanding of the gathered data, the researcher decided to extract theoretical considerations and operative tools with the intent of bringing her contribution to the research of the educators' training path through the exercise of an educative concentrated posture, rooted to the ground and expanding concurrently high and towards the other.

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Haworth, Joshua Lewis. „Nonlinear Analysis of Proprioceptive Training Induced Changes in Postural Control on a Dynamic Surface“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1229097873.

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Bandúr, Juraj. „Návrh a zpracování výukových postupů přístrojové navigace“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231639.

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The diploma thesis deals with concepts of various key tasks for flights operated by device navigation, while these tasks are designed under the requirements of the regulation JAR-FCL 1. The work also includes explanation of the principles of operation of selected radio navigation devices, which are demonstrated in various roles, making these tasks serve well as a possible teaching material for navigation subjects. Part of the work also includes the evaluation of the simulator FlitePro for the purposes of its certification as a training device.

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Cavaco, Nuno Ricardo de Oliveira. „O efeito do treino funcional no controlo postural numa equipa de futebol sub-19 ao longo de uma época desportiva“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14860.

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Objectivo: Com o presente estudo, pretende-se verificar o efeito de um conjunto de exercícios de treino funcional, aplicados em jogadores de futebol ao longo de uma época, no controlo postural avaliado através de parâmetros tradicionais e não lineares. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por um grupo experimental (GE) e outro de controlo (GC) com 9 elementos cada, atletas de uma equipa Futebol sub-19 que participa no campeonato nacional da primeira divisão na respectiva categoria. Foram realizadas, ao longo do estudo, 3 avaliações (inicial, intermédia e final) das oscilações dos centros de pressão dos jogadores em posição bipedal com olhos abertos (BOA) e olhos fechados (BOF) e unipedal esquerda/direita (UE/UD) com olhos abertos. O GE foi sujeito ao protocolo de treino funcional 2 vezes por semana durante 22 semanas. A recolha de dados foi efectuada utilizando-se uma plataforma de forças Bertec (60cmX40cm). Resultados: De salientar as diferenças significativas, na condição UE, entre GE e GC nas variáveis VMT nas 3 avaliações (p=0,031; p=0,037; p=0,028) e VM_AP na 2ª avaliação (p=0,022) e na condição UD nas variáveis Amp_AP (p=0,016) e VM_AP (p=0,043) na 2ª avaliação. Na análise efectuada intra-grupo de salientar as diferenças significativas constatadas no GE, na condição BOA, na DT (1ª-3ª av., p=0,022), Amp_AP (2ª-3ª av., p=0,035), AE (1ª-2ª av., p=0,048; 1ª-3ª av., p=0,022), EnAp_AP (2ª-3ª av., p=0,006) e EnAp_ML (1ª-3ª av., p=0,019) e na condição BOF também na EnAp_AP (2ª-3ª av., p=0,007) e na EnAp_ML (1ª-3ª av., p=0,041; 2ª-3ª av., p=0,019), constatações que não se verificaram no GC. Conclusões: O treino de futebol normal por si só é susceptível de melhorar o controlo postural nos jogadores de futebol. Contudo, a análise intra-grupo permitiu constatar que o treino de futebol normal juntamente com uma rotina de exercícios de treino funcional parece promover melhorias significativas num maior nº de variáveis nas condições BOA e BOF, tendo-se verificado nas mesmas condições de exercício diferenças significativas relativas à EnAp nas direcções AP e ML exclusivamente para o GE o que revela uma evolução significativa em termos de um maior automatismo do sistema de controlo postural no controlo da postura; ABSTRACT: Objective: The present study pretends to verify the effect of a functional training exercise routine, applied to soccer players during a season, in possible changes on the postural control, evaluated using traditional and non linear measures. Methods: The sample was composed by an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) with 9 participants each that participate in the under-19 national championship. Three evaluations (initial, intermediate and final) of the soccer players center of pressure sway were made in bipedal position with eyes open (BEO) and closed (BEC) and in unipedal position left/right (UL/UR) with eyes open. The experimental group participated in the functional training exercise protocol during 22 weeks, twice a week. The collection of data was made with a Bertec force platform. Results: In the UL condition, significant differences were observed between EG and CG in the variables VMT in the 3 evaluations (p=0,031; p=0,037; p=0,028) and VM_AP in the 2ª evaluation (p=0,022) and in UD condition in the variables Amp_AP (p=0,016) and VM_AP (p=0,043) in the 2ª evaluation. In the intra-group analysis carried out, significant differences were detected in EG, in the BEO condition, in DT (1ª-3ª ev., p=0,022), Amp_AP (2ª-3ª ev., p=0,035), AE (1ª-2ª ev., p=0,048; 1ª-3ª ev., p=0,022), EnAp_AP (2ª-3ª ev., p=0,006) and EnAp_ML (1ª-3ª ev., p=0,019) and in the BEC condition also in EnAp_AP (2ª-3ª ev., p=0,007) and in EnAp_ML (1ª-3ª ev., p=0,041; 2ª-3ª av., p=0,019), results that were not verify for the CG. Conclusions: Soccer training by is own is liable to improve postural control in soccer players. However, the intra-group analysis as disclosed that normal soccer training together with a functional training exercise routine seems to promote significant improvements in a great nº of variables in the BEO and BEC conditions. It was also found in the same exercise conditions significant differences relating to EnAp in the AP e ML directions exclusively for the EG witch can reveal a significant evolution in accordance with a greater automaticity of the postural control system in the control of posture.

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Saunders, Nathan William. „Efficacy of a 6-week Neuromuscular Training Program for Improving Postural Control in Figure Skaters“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305044478.

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Gage, Matthew J. „The Effects of Abdominal Training on Postural Control, Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activation“. Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3125.pdf.

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Lopes, Edson Gomes. „Efeito do treinamento multicomponente sobre o controle postural dinâmico de atletas amadores de basquetebol universitário“. Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8668.

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Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE
Dynamic postural control (DPC) during basketball pull-up jump shot (PJS) movement depends on the strength of the core and custom with the natural situations of the game. A training method that spans both physical and technical-tactical training sessions (multi-component training - MCT) can be an effective tool to improve performance. It is not clear, however, to what extent the MCT can favor DPC. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of MCT on DPC on athletes of a male amateur basketball team during the PJS movement. The sample consisted of nine male amateur male basketball players (age: 23.3 ± 2.9 years, height: 181.5 ± 7.7 cm, body mass: 76.4 ± 5.0 kg). The athletes were evaluated before and after a 12-week period of MCT contemplating physical preparation (functional training) associated to technical-tactical training (small-sided games). Training sessions took place twice a week with a duration of 90 min. For the PJS assessment, each athlete started the zig-zag speed dribble movement, around cones located equidistantly (5.5 m), then performing the PJS. The entire procedure was filmed for later scanning of the images by a specific software for determination of the displacement of the center of gravity (CG). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Cohen’s effect size, Pearson's correlation and magnitude based inference analysis (ɑ = 0.05). The reduction of CG displacement (19.4 ± 13.5 cm vs. 13.8 ± 12.6 cm, pre- and post-intervention, respectively, p = 0.08) and the final GC acceleration (0.96 ± 1.53 m/s2 vs. -0.56 ± 1.04 m/s2, pre and post-intervention, respectively, p = 0.06) bordered the level of significance. There was no difference in the initial (12.4 ± 14.8 J vs. 8.8 ± 9.54 J, pre- and post-intervention, respectively, p = 0.76) and final kinetic energy values (13.1 ± 15.7 J vs. 6.6 ± 8.64 J, pre- and post-intervention, respectively, p = 0.86). Magnitude based inference analysis indicated that MCT was probably beneficial for reducing GC displacement on the anteroposterior axis and for final kinetic energy. It is concluded that the MCT is able to reduce the variation of the CG displacement in the anteroposterior axis during PJS, indicating a higher DPC in university basketball amateur athletes.
O controle postural dinâmico (CPD) durante o movimento “drible, parada e jump” (DPJ) do basquetebol depende da força do core e do costume com as situações naturais do jogo. Um método de treinamento que abranja em uma mesma sessão treinos físico e técnico-tático (treinamento multicomponente – TMC) pode ser uma eficaz ferramenta para aprimorar a performance. Não é claro, contudo, em que medida o TMC pode favorecer o CPD. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o efeito do TMC sobre o CPD em atletas de uma equipe amadora masculina de basquetebol universitário durante o movimento DPJ. A amostra foi composta por nove jogadores amadores universitários de basquetebol masculino (idade: 23,3 ± 2,9 anos, estatura: 181,5 ± 7,7 cm, massa corporal: 76,4 ± 5,0 kg). Os atletas foram avaliados antes e depois de um período de 12 semanas de TMC contemplando preparação física (treinamento funcional) associado ao treino técnico-tático (jogos reduzidos). Os treinos ocorriam duas vezes por semana com duração de 90 min. Para a avaliação do DPJ, cada atleta individualmente iniciava o movimento driblando em velocidade em deslocamento zig-zag, contornando cones localizados de forma equidistante (5,5 m), para em seguida, executarem uma parada brusca e salto para o arremesso. Todo o procedimento foi filmado para posterior digitalização das imagens em software específico e determinação do deslocamento do centro de gravidade (CG). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, teste t emparelhado, tamanho do efeito, correlação de Pearson e análise de inferência baseada na magnitude (ɑ = 0,05). A redução do deslocamento do CG (19,4 ± 13,5 cm vs. 13,8 ± 12,6 cm, pré e pós-intervenção, respectivamente; p = 0,08) e da aceleração final do CG (0,96 ± 1,53 m/s2 vs. -0,56 ± 1,04 m/s2, pré e pós-intervenção, respectivamente; p = 0,06) margearam o nível de significância. Não houve diferença nos valores de energia cinética inicial (12,4 ± 14,8 J vs. 8,8 ± 9,54 J, pré e pós-intervenção, respectivamente; p = 0,76) e final (13,1 ± 15,7 J vs. 6,6 ± 8,64 J, pré e pós-intervenção, respectivamente; p = 0,86). A análise da inferência baseada na magnitude indicou que o TMC foi provavelmente benéfico para reduzir o deslocamento do CG no eixo anteroposterior e para energia cinética final. Conclui-se que o TMC é capaz de reduzir a variação do deslocamento do CG no eixo anteroposterior, indicando maior CPD em atletas amadores de basquetebol universitário.
São Cristóvão, SE

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Tran, Tai T. „Evaluation and training of sensorimotor abilities in competitive surfers“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1666.

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Study 1: Development of a comprehensive performance testing protocol for competitive surfers Purpose: Appropriate and valid testing protocols for evaluating the physical performances of surfing athletes is not well refined. The purpose of this project was to develop, refine, and evaluate a testing protocol for use with elite surfers, including measures of anthropometry, strength and power, and endurance. Methods: After pilot testing and consultation with athletes, coaches and sport scientists, a specific suite of tests was developed. Forty-four competitive junior surfers (16.2±1.3 years, 166.3±7.3 cm, 57.9±8.5 kg) participated in this study involving a within-day repeated measures analysis, using an Elite Junior Group of 22 international competitors (EJG), to establish reliability of the measures. To reflect validity of the testing measures, a comparison of performance results was then undertaken between the EJG and an age-matched Competitive Junior Group of 22 nationally competitive surfers (CJG). Results: Percent Typical Error of Measurement (%TEM) for primary variables gained from the assessments ranged from 1.1-3.0%, with intra-class correlation coefficients ranging from 0.96- 0.99. One-way analysis of variance revealed that the EJG had lower skinfolds (p=0.005, d=0.9) compared to the CJG, despite no difference in stature (p=0.102) or body mass (p=0.827). The EJG were faster in 15 m sprint-paddle velocity (pd=1.3), had higher lower-body isometric peak force (p=0.04, d=0.7), and superior endurance paddling velocity (p=0.008, d=0.9). Conclusions: The relatively low %TEM of these tests in this population allows for high sensitivity to detect change. The results of this study suggest that competitively superior junior surfers are leaner, and possess superior strength, paddling power, and paddling endurance. Study 2: Comparison of physical capacities between non-selected and selected elite male competitive surfers for the national team Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a previously validated performance testing protocol for competitive surfers was able to differentiate between Australian elite junior surfers selected (S) to the national team, and those not selected (NS). Methods: Thirty-two elite male competitive junior surfers were divided into two groups (S=16; NS=16). The mean age, stature, body mass, sum of 7 skinfolds and lean body mass ratio (mean ± SD) were 16.17 ± 1.26 y, 173.40 ± 5.30 cm, 62.35 ± 7.40 kg, 41.74 ± 10.82 mm, 1.54 ± 0.35 for the S athletes and 16.13 ± 1.02 y, 170.56 ± 6.6 cm; 61.46 ± 10.10 kg; 49.25 ± 13.04 mm; 1.31 ± 0.30 for the NS athletes. Power (countermovement jump; CMJ), strength (isometric mid-thigh pull), 15 m sprint paddling, and 400 m endurance paddling was measured. Results: There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences between the S and NS athletes for relative vertical jump peak force (p=0.01, d=0.9), CMJ height (p=0.01, d=0.9), time to 5, 10, and 15 m sprint paddle, sprint paddle peak velocity (p=0.03, d=0.8; PV), time to 400 m (p=0.04, d=0.7) and endurance paddling velocity (p=0.05, d=0.7). Conclusions: All performance variables, particularly CMJ height, time to 5, 10, and 15 m sprint paddle, sprint paddle PV, time to 400 m and endurance paddling velocity can effectively discriminate between S and NS competitive surfers and this may be important for athlete profiling and training program design. Study 3: The development and evaluation of a drop and stick method to assess landing skills in various levels of competitive surfers The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a drop and stick (DS) test method and to assess dynamic postural control in senior elite (SE), junior elite (JE), and junior development (JD) surfers. Nine SE, 22 JE, and 17 JD competitive surfers participated in the study. The athletes completed five drop and stick trials barefoot from a pre-determined box height (0.5 m). The lowest and highest time to stabilisation (TTS) trials were discarded, and the average of the remaining trials were used for analysis. The SE group demonstrated excellent single measures repeatability (ICC=0.90) for TTS, whereas the JE and JD demonstrated good single measures repeatability (ICC 0.82 and 0.88, respectively). In regards to relative peak landing force (rPLF), SE demonstrated poor single measures reliability compared to JE and JD groups. TTS for SE (0.69 ± 0.13 s) group was significantly (p=0.04) lower than the JD (0.85 ± 0.25 s). There were no significant (p=0.41) differences in the TTS between SE (0.69 ± 0.13 s) and JE (0.75 ± 0.16 s) groups or between the JE and JD groups (p=0.09). rPLF for SE (2.7 ± 0.4 body mass; BM) group was significantly lower than the JE (3.8 ± 1.3 BM) and JD (4.0 ± 1.1 BM), with no significant (p=0.63) difference among the JE and JD groups. A possible benchmark approach for practitioners would be to use TTS and rPLF as a qualitative measure of dynamic postural control using a reference scale to discriminate amongst groups. Study 4: Effects of stable and unstable resistance training on strength, power, and sensorimotor abilities in adolescent surfers The purpose of this study was to investigate two different resistance-training interventions (unstable or stable) on strength, power, and sensorimotor abilities in adolescent surfers. Ten competitive female and male high school surfers were assessed before and after each of 2 x 7-week training intervention, using a within-subjects cross-over study design. Results for strength revealed no condition by time interaction or main effect for condition. However, there was a significant main effect for time, with significant strength gains post-training. There was a significant condition by time interaction for power exhibited as a significant decrease from pre- to post-training in the unstable condition, while the stable condition approached significant improvement. These results suggest that unstable and stable resistance training are equally effective in developing strength in previously untrained competitive surfers, but with little effect on sensorimotor abilities. However, unstable training is inferior for the development of lower body power in this population. Study 5: Effect of four weeks detraining on power, strength, and sensorimotor ability of adolescent surfers The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of detraining on power, strength, and sensorimotor ability in adolescent surfers. Nineteen adolescent surfers with an overall mean age, mass, and stature (mean ± SD) of 14.1 ± 1.6 y, 54.0 ± 10.8 kg and 165.1 ± 9.0 cm, respectively, volunteered to participate in four weeks of detraining (surfing participation maintained but resistance training ceased) following seven weeks of periodized resistance training. Power (vertical jump height; VJH), maximal isometric strength (isometric mid-thigh pull; IMTP), and sensorimotor ability (time to stabilization during a drop and stick (DS); TTS) pre-test results were determined from the conclusion (post-test) of the first seven-week training block while post-test results were measured at the start (pre-test) of a second seven-week training block. Four weeks of detraining significantly decreased the following variables: VJH by -5.26%, (p = 0.037, d = -0.40), vertical jump peak velocity by -3.73% (p = 0.001, d = -0.51), maximal isometric strength by -5.5%, (p = 0.012, d = -0.21), and relative maximal isometric strength by -7.27% (p = 0.003, d = -0.47). Furthermore, sensorimotor ability worsened, as assessed by TTS, with a significant increase of 61.36% (p = 0.004, d = 0.99), indicating athletes took longer to stabilize from a dynamic landing task. This demonstrates that surfing, in the absence of resistance training, is not a sufficient training stimulus to maintain physical characteristics. Adolescent surfers with a relatively low training age should avoid cessation of resistance training and strive to maintain consistent resistance training in conjunction with surf training in order to avoid negative decrements in physical characteristics that are associated with surfing performance.

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Rodrigues, Iliane Maria Pimenta. „SequÃncia Fedathi e aprendizagem cooperativa no ensino de matemÃtica: reflexÃes metodolÃgicas sobre a postura docente“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20174.

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A presente pesquisa aborda a SequÃncia Fedathi e a Aprendizagem Cooperativa como propostas teÃrico-metodolÃgica-formativas para o ensino de MatemÃtica no ensino mÃdio, a partir de uma anÃlise sobre a postura do professor na aula de MatemÃtica, objeto principal desta pesquisa. Destaca-se de um lado a SequÃncia Fedathi, como uma metodologia de formaÃÃo docente, que considera preliminarmente, a anÃlise teÃrica e a anÃlise ambiental, na qual apresenta quatro fases: tomada de posiÃÃo, maturaÃÃo, soluÃÃo e prova. De outro lado, a Aprendizagem Cooperativa se configura como uma metodologia baseada em cinco elementos: interdependÃncia positiva, responsabilidade individual, interaÃÃo promotora, competÃncias sociais e processamento de grupo. Objetiva-se com esse estudo apresentar as metodologias SequÃncia Fedathi e Aprendizagem Cooperativa a partir da anÃlise sobre uma formaÃÃo docente, a fim de discutir seus contributos para a docÃncia de MatemÃtica. Para a fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica e metodolÃgica, esta pesquisa apoia-se nas ideias de Borges Neto (2013, 2017), Santos (2007), Sousa (2005, 2013, 2015), Pinheiro (2016), alÃm de Johnson, Johnson e Smith (1991), Johnson, Johnson e Holubec (1993, 1998), Lopes e Silva (2009). A pesquisa tem como lÃcus de sua prÃtica uma escola estadual de ensino regular, do municÃpio de Caucaia-CearÃ, e para anÃlise de dados foram adotados os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de instrumentos formativos a serem detalhados ao longo do texto. Para coleta de dados, foi necessÃrio: (a) estudos para aprofundamento teÃrico; (b) observaÃÃo da professora em sala de aula; (c) elaboraÃÃo da proposta de formaÃÃo; (d) formaÃÃo da professora a partir das metodologias propostas; (e) observaÃÃo da postura da professora apÃs a formaÃÃo; e, f) coleta, categorizaÃÃo e anÃlise dos dados obtidos na formaÃÃo e observaÃÃo. Os resultados analisados apontam as implicaÃÃes das duas metodologias empregadas ao Ensino de MatemÃtica, principalmente no que concerne ao comportamento do professor e na organizaÃÃo do planejamento. Considera-se que tal pesquisa mostrou-se relevante no que se refere a proposta de formaÃÃo a partir do uso em conjunto das metodologias SequÃncia Fedathi (SF) e Aprendizagem Cooperativa (AC), tendo como consequÃncias a mudanÃa de postura do professor, revelando: (i) o comportamento de um professor de MatemÃtica reflexivo; (ii) mediador; e, (iii) incentivador de seus alunos, visando uma aprendizagem baseada na investigaÃÃo e na cooperaÃÃo.

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Lewis, Matthew David. „TRAINING STRATEGIES AND MOVEMENT ASSESSMENTS IN ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES“. UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/17.

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This dissertation is composed of three manuscripts based on two studies related to training and assessment methods used to evaluate change and overall quality in measures of performance, postural control, and functional movement. Study one evaluated the effect of sand training on athletic performance and postural control. Study two investigated the effect of scoring strata of the deep squat (DS) component of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) on the weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Lateral Flexion Test (LFT) in 101 male and female college students. Study one results included significant overall improvements of the five repetition maximum (5RM) squat (p=0.002), and WBLT (p Study two results indicated that limited dorsiflexion will lead to a reduction in DS performance and asymmetry of performance on the LFT may result in further movement limitations. Subjects scoring a one or two on the deep squat performed significantly lower (p

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Wenzel, Isabel Cristina. „Efeito do Treinamento Corretivo Postural (TCP®) sobre a glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada e cortisol em mulheres diabéticas de 44 a 55 anos“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1373.

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It is well established in the literature that the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be related to physical inactivity, high fat diet, stress, weight gain, in addition to advanced age. Consequently, some studies show that the search for a better quality of life through exercise and balanced diets are increasing beyond the control of metabolic markers related to diabetes, preventing complications of the disease and excess free radicals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TCP® in people with T2DM, associated to the diet, in a targeted manner, evaluating: lipid profile, uric acid, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and cortisol. We selected 21 women between 44-55 years old, that were divided into four groups: diabetic sedentary (SD); diabetic exercised (ED); exercised normal (EN); and normal sedentary (NS). Was used as the intervention TCP® with a frequency of 3 times/week, 1 hour per day, at 20 weeks, which was monitored throughout the study period, associated to the the diet. Blood samples were collected pre and post intervention, to perform the measurements of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, uric acid, glucose, cortisol, and glycated hemoglobin. Compared are the results before (b) and after (a) was used: - non-parametric Wilcoxon and Friedman; and - delta (%), which was used to determine the intra-individual variation uniformly. Results: There were no significant differences in the variables analyzed in this study, except glycated hemoglobin in the ED group, which showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). In intragroup comparison, when using the percentage delta, major clinical changes were obtained mainly in the exercised groups, considering that many of the values found returned to normal reference values. Final considerations: the protocol TCP® method associated with the diet was effective in improving the parameters analyzed evidence, making important clinical changes in diabetics who exercised. Examples of this were the clinical changes, with statistical difference in plasma levels of glycated hemoglobin in the ED, important for the prevention of complications of the disease factor.
Está bem estabelecido na literatura, que o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) pode estar relacionado ao sedentarismo, dietas hipercalóricas, estresse, aumento de peso, além da idade avançada. Diante disso, alguns estudos demonstram que a busca por uma melhor qualidade de vida por meio de exercícios físicos e dietas balanceadas, estão aumentando, além do controle dos marcadores metabólicos relacionados ao diabetes, evitando as complicações da doença e o excesso de radicais livres. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o efeito do TCP®, em portadoras de DM2, associado à dieta alimentar, de forma orientada, avaliando: perfil lipídico, ácido úrico, glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada e cortisol. Selecionou-se 21 mulheres de 44 a 55 anos, que foram divididas em 4 grupos: diabéticas sedentárias (DS); diabéticas exercitadas (DE); normais exercitadas (NE); e normais sedentárias (NS). Utilizou-se como intervenção o TCP®, com frequência de 3 vezes/semana, com duração de 1 hora por dia, no período de 20 semanas, que foi monitorado durante todo o período de estudo, associado à dieta alimentar. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas pré e pósintervenção, para realização das dosagens de colesterol, triglicérideos, HDL, ácido úrico, glicemia de jejum, cortisol e hemoglobina glicada. Comparado-se os resultados pré (I) e pós (F) utilizou-se:- os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Friedman; e o delta (%), que serviu para determinar a variação individual intragrupo de maneira uniforme. Resultados: não houve diferenças significativas nas variáveis analisadas neste estudo, exceto a hemoglobina glicada, no grupo DE, que apresentou diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05). Na comparação intragrupos, ao utilizar-se o delta percentual, obteve-se modificações clínicas importantes, principalmente nos grupos exercitados, considerando que muitos dos valores encontrados voltaram aos valores de referência de normalidade. Considerações finais: o protocolo do Método TCP®, associado à dieta alimentar foi eficaz em evidenciar melhora nos parâmetros analisados, promovendo mudanças clínicas importantes nos diabéticos que se exercitaram. Exemplo disso foram as alterações clínicas, com diferença estatística nos valores plasmáticos de hemoglobina glicada no grupo DE, fator importante para a prevenção das complicações da doença.

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Lee, Hyunwook. „Effects of a 4-Week Dynamic Balance Training with Stroboscopic Glasses on Postural Control in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9031.

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Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) rely more on visual information during postural control due to impaired proprioceptive function. The increased reliance on visual information may increase the risk of injury when their vision is limited during complex sports activities. Stroboscopic glasses may help elicit sensory reweighting during postural control. Therefore, we assumed that the glasses would induce and train CAI patients to reweight sensory information for the somatosensory system during dynamic balance training. Purpose: (1) to identify the effects of the 4-week dynamic balance training on the reliance of visual information during postural control in patients with CAI and (2) to compare the effects of the 4-week dynamic balance with and without stroboscopic glasses on postural control in patients with CAI. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-eight CAI patients were equally assigned to one of 2 groups: a strobe group (6 males and 8 females) or a control group (8 males and 6 females). The 4-week dynamic balance training consisted of multiple single-legged exercises. The strobe group wore stroboscopic glasses during the training, but the control group did not. The main outcome measures included the following: self-reported function measures, static postural control (center of posture (COP)-based measures), and dynamic postural control including the Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI), and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). There were 3 visual conditions in the static postural control (eyes-open (EO), strobe vision (SV), and eyes-closed (EC)), and 2 conditions in the dynamic postural control (EO and SV). Two-way randomized block ANOVAs were used to assess changes in postural control in each group and condition by using pretest-posttest mean differences. Results: The strobe group showed a higher difference in COP velocity in medial-lateral direction (VelML) and vertical stability index (VSI) under the SV condition compared with the control group (p = .005 and .004, respectively). In addition, the strobe group had significant decreases in VelML, DPSI, and VSI at the posttest compared with the pretest (p = .0001, .01, and .005, respectively). Conclusion: The 4-week dynamic balance training with stroboscopic glasses appeared to be effective in improving postural control and altering visual reliance in patients with CAI.

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Borghesi, Francesco. „Effetti del training con treadmill perturbato rispetto a training con treadmill convenzionale sulla performace del cammino e sul controllo posturale in persone affette da morbo di Parkinson: revisione sistematica della letteratura“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21963/.

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BACKGROUND: il morbo di Parkinson è una patologia neurodegenerativa caratterizzata da un ampio spettro di sintomi clinici; tra questi i deficit del cammino e del controllo posturale rappresentano la componente preminente dell’alterato quadro motorio tipico di questa patologia. Tra gli interventi non farmacologici il treadmill rappresenta un’opzione terapeutica dalla quale si stanno sviluppando nuovi approcci, quali l’aggiunta di destabilizzazioni posturali. OBIETTIVO: confrontare l’efficacia del training tramite treadmill perturbato, con il training convenzionale tramite treadmill, in soggetti affetti da morbo di Parkinson, per quanto concerne gli outcome del cammino e del controllo posturale. DISEGNO DI STUDIO: revisione sistematica di Randomized Controlled Trials, redatta secondo la checklist del PRISMA statement. FONTI DEI DATI: banche dati elettroniche indagate PubMed, CENTRAL, PEDro, Trip Medical Database, CINAHL. Ricerche aggiuntive sono state condotte tramite l’analisi delle citazioni bibliografiche di articoli trattanti i medesimi argomenti. La ricerca è stata condotta da Marzo 2020 al 15 Ottobre 2020. CRITERI DI ELEGGIBILITA’: sono stati consultati RCT che indagassero la comparazione tra il PTT e il CTT, in soggetti affetti da morbo di Parkinson, per quanto concerne gli outcome riguardanti il miglioramento del cammino e del controllo posturale. RISULTATI: 5 studi inclusi. L’analisi complessiva dei risultati non indica una superiore efficacia PTT, rispetto al CTT, nella riabilitazione di pazienti affetti da morbo di Parkinson. Entrambe le tipologie di intervento mostrano miglioramenti significativi relativamente al cammino, e miglioramenti non rilevanti riguardo al controllo posturale. Risultano però delle “tendenze positive” a favore dell’intervento con PTT per alcuni parametri sia del cammino, sia del controllo posturale. CONCLUSIONI: il riscontro di “tendenze positive” nel PTT fornisce uno spunto rilavante per la pratica clinica e per ricerche future.

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Morais, Luana Carolina de [UNESP]. „Reação postural de pacientes com doença de Parkinson e idosos sadios no teste de retropulsão instrumentado“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126353.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é caracterizada pelo déficit de dopamina, necessária para controlar os movimentos. Sinais e sintomas motores surgem, como a instabilidade postural, que apresenta pequena resposta à terapia medicamentosa. Como pacientes com DP mostram déficits nos ajustes posturais antecipatórios e compensatórios, o presente estudo manipulou a expectativa de uma perturbação externa, com um instrumento que reproduziu o teste de retropulsão (item 30 da Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)) chamado teste de retropulsão inesperado (TRI) e o mesmo teste de forma esperada (TRE), para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a reação postural compensatória e a instabilidade postural. Objetivo: Investigar a reação postural compensatória e a recuperação de equilíbrio de idosos sadios e de pacientes com DP por meio do TRI e TRE. Método: Foram avaliados 34 idosos, sendo 17 idosos sadios e 17 idosos com DP (estágio de 1 a 2,5 da escala de Hoehn & Yahr - HY). Para o rastreio das funções cognitivas foi utilizado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e para ter conhecimento do grau de acometimento e estadiamento da doença aplicou-se a UPDRS e a HY. Para as aplicações dos TRI e TRE, um equipamento foi desenhado e construído de forma a garantir a aplicação de uma força personalizada (5% do peso corporal), assegurando o deslocamento do centro de massa (CM). Quando a expectativa da perturbação externa foi manipulada, a primeira tentativa foi realizada de forma inesperada para todos os participantes e, as demais tentativas (4), de forma esperada. Foram calculadas variáveis espaço-temporais: tempo entre o início do movimento e a retirada do calcâneo do solo, comprimento, largura e velocidade do passo de recuperação; ângulos relativos do quadril, joelho e tornozelo no início do movimento, no momento da retirada do calcâneo e o toque no solo; cinéticas: deslocamento do centro de pressão (CoP)...
Title: Postural response in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy elderly on instrumented retropulsion test Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a dopamine deficit necessary to movement control. Thus, signs and symptoms motors arise, for example, postural instability, which has a small response for drugs therapy. Since PD patients show deficits in anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustment, the present study manipulated the expectation of an external disturbance with an instrument that replicated the retropulsion test (item 30 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) called unexpected retropulsion test (URT) and the same test as expected (ERT) to expand knowledge of the compensatory postural reactions and postural instability. Objective: To investigate the compensatory postural reactions and balance recovery in healthy elderly and patients with PD through URT and ERT. Method: 34 subjects were evaluated (17 healthy elderly and 17 elderly with PD (stage 1 to 2.5 of the Hoehn & Yahr). For exclusion's criteria of the study, participants answered the anamnesis. For the screening of cognitive functions was used the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and to assess the degree of involvement of the disease it was applied the UPDRS. For applications of URT and ERT, a device was designed and constructed to ensure the implementation of a customized force (5% of the participant body weight), ensuring the displacement of the center of mass (CM). When an expectation of external disturbance was manipulated, the first attempt was made unexpectedly to all participants and the other attempts (4) in the expected way. Spatiotemporal variables were calculated: the time from the beginning of the movement and removal of the heel from the ground, width, length and velocity of the recovery step; relative angles of the hip, knee and ankle at the beginning of the movement, and the time of removal of the...

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Morais, Luana Carolina de. „Reação postural de pacientes com doença de Parkinson e idosos sadios no teste de retropulsão instrumentado /“. Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126353.

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Orientador: Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Banca: Renato de Moraes
Banca: José Luiz Riani Costa
Resumo: Introdução: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é caracterizada pelo déficit de dopamina, necessária para controlar os movimentos. Sinais e sintomas motores surgem, como a instabilidade postural, que apresenta pequena resposta à terapia medicamentosa. Como pacientes com DP mostram déficits nos ajustes posturais antecipatórios e compensatórios, o presente estudo manipulou a expectativa de uma perturbação externa, com um instrumento que reproduziu o teste de retropulsão (item 30 da Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)) chamado teste de retropulsão inesperado (TRI) e o mesmo teste de forma esperada (TRE), para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a reação postural compensatória e a instabilidade postural. Objetivo: Investigar a reação postural compensatória e a recuperação de equilíbrio de idosos sadios e de pacientes com DP por meio do TRI e TRE. Método: Foram avaliados 34 idosos, sendo 17 idosos sadios e 17 idosos com DP (estágio de 1 a 2,5 da escala de Hoehn & Yahr - HY). Para o rastreio das funções cognitivas foi utilizado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e para ter conhecimento do grau de acometimento e estadiamento da doença aplicou-se a UPDRS e a HY. Para as aplicações dos TRI e TRE, um equipamento foi desenhado e construído de forma a garantir a aplicação de uma força personalizada (5% do peso corporal), assegurando o deslocamento do centro de massa (CM). Quando a expectativa da perturbação externa foi manipulada, a primeira tentativa foi realizada de forma inesperada para todos os participantes e, as demais tentativas (4), de forma esperada. Foram calculadas variáveis espaço-temporais: tempo entre o início do movimento e a retirada do calcâneo do solo, comprimento, largura e velocidade do passo de recuperação; ângulos relativos do quadril, joelho e tornozelo no início do movimento, no momento da retirada do calcâneo e o toque no solo; cinéticas: deslocamento do centro de pressão (CoP)...
Abstract: Title: Postural response in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy elderly on instrumented retropulsion test Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a dopamine deficit necessary to movement control. Thus, signs and symptoms motors arise, for example, postural instability, which has a small response for drugs therapy. Since PD patients show deficits in anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustment, the present study manipulated the expectation of an external disturbance with an instrument that replicated the retropulsion test (item 30 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) called unexpected retropulsion test (URT) and the same test as expected (ERT) to expand knowledge of the compensatory postural reactions and postural instability. Objective: To investigate the compensatory postural reactions and balance recovery in healthy elderly and patients with PD through URT and ERT. Method: 34 subjects were evaluated (17 healthy elderly and 17 elderly with PD (stage 1 to 2.5 of the Hoehn & Yahr). For exclusion's criteria of the study, participants answered the anamnesis. For the screening of cognitive functions was used the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and to assess the degree of involvement of the disease it was applied the UPDRS. For applications of URT and ERT, a device was designed and constructed to ensure the implementation of a customized force (5% of the participant body weight), ensuring the displacement of the center of mass (CM). When an expectation of external disturbance was manipulated, the first attempt was made unexpectedly to all participants and the other attempts (4) in the expected way. Spatiotemporal variables were calculated: the time from the beginning of the movement and removal of the heel from the ground, width, length and velocity of the recovery step; relative angles of the hip, knee and ankle at the beginning of the movement, and the time of removal of the...
Mestre

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Louro, Julianne Quinellato. „Influência de exercícios de equilíbrio na redução de oscilações corporais e aumento de força em idosos“. Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2014. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1062.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T12:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julianne Quinellato Louro.pdf: 3594581 bytes, checksum: 773d90a7f78e9d690e9646c39b81213c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde
Introdução: O equilíbrio, assim como os demais componentes da capacidade física é treinável com a pratica de exercícios físicos, no entanto, há uma falta de padronização do treinamento de equilíbrio. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de um protocolo específico de exercícios voltados a melhora do equilíbrio em um programa global de atividade física para idosos sobre as variáveis: equilíbrio corporal e força de membros inferiores. Metodologia: Pesquisa do tipo experimental, com a duração de 3 meses. Fizeram parte deste estudo 39 mulheres idosas, sendo 21 no G-Equi e 18 no G-Cont. Para a avaliação foram utilizados questionários para a identificação de possíveis fatores de risco a saúde, variáveis socioeconômicas, nível de atividade física, histórico de quedas, como também, o questionário Mini mental, como exames físicos e testes motores; foram realizadas reavaliações ao final dos 3 meses. Resultados: Após os 3 meses pode-se perceber que o G-Equi apresentou uma diferença significativa entre os resultados dos testes TAFA, o TAFLD, o TAFLE, o TLA e o TC, no entanto, não apresentou para o TU apesar de uma tendência a um melhor desempenho. O G-CONT apresentou diferença significativa para o TLA, tendo as medianas muito próximas para os testes de alcance e TU. Em relação ao resultado da interação entre os grupos pode-se observar que o grupo que realizou a intervenção obteve melhores resultados, tendo diferenças significativas para os testes TAFA, o TAFLD, o TAFLE, e o TC, não apresentando para o TLA e o TU apesar de apresentar melhores resultados nos testes. Para os dados estabilométricos houve uma redução significativa do deslocamento total e da velocidade bidirecional, para o G-Equi com olhos abertos e fechados, e um aumento do deslocamento total e uma redução da velocidade bidirecional para o G-Cont com olhos abertos. Discussão: Os achados revelaram que o treinamento de equilíbrio auxilia na melhora do desempenho do controle postural em idosas, corroborando com a literatura. Conclusão: Os efeitos do treinamento de equilíbrio adicionado em um programa global de exercícios físicos para idosas apresentaram efeitos positivos no equilíbrio corporal e força de membros inferiores, além de evidenciar novas inquietações a respeito da afirmação que uma menor área e oscilação é o que representa maior estabilidade.
Introduction: The balance, as well as other components of physical ability is trainable with the practice of physical activity, however, there is a lack of standardization of balance training. Objective: To evaluate the influence of a specific protocol of exercises aimed at improving balance in a comprehensive physical activity program for seniors on variables: body balance and lower limb strength. Methodology: Survey of experimental type, with a duration of 3 months. This study included 39 elderly women, with 21 in G- Equi and the G- 18 Cont. For the evaluation questionnaires to identify possible risk factors to health, socioeconomic variables, physical activity level, history of falls, as were also used, the Mini Mental questionnaire such as physical exams and testing engines; revaluations were carried out at the end of 3 months. Results: After 3 months it can be seen that the G-Equi showed a significant difference between the results of the tests TAFA the TAFLD the TAFLE, TLA and TC, however, not presented to the TU despite a tendency to better performance. The G- Cont significant difference to TLA, and very close to the testing range and TU medians. Regarding the result of the interaction between the groups can be seen that the group that performed the intervention achieved better results, with significant differences for TAFA tests, TAFLD the TAFLE, and TC, for not presenting the TLA and the TU despite provide better test results. For stabilometric data there was a significant reduction in the total displacement and bidirectional speed for the G- Equi with eyes open and closed, and an increase in total displacement and reduction of bidirectional speed for the G-Cont with open eyes. Discussion: The findings showed that the Balance training helps in improving the performance of postural control in elderly, corroborating with literature. Conclusion: The effects of balance added an overall exercise program for older training had positive effects on body balance and lower limb strength, besides highlighting new concerns regarding the assumption that a shorter swing and is what is most stability.

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Anjos, Fabio Vieira Dos. „High-density surface EMG to investigate muscle activity during standing: implications for the training of postural control with EMG biofeedback in the elderly“. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2690493.

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By recording surface EMG using standard bipolar EMG, previous studies have demonstrated that elderlies tend to activate their postural muscles during standing with a higher degree of activity and for a prolonged duration compared with young adults. The EMG biofeedback technique has been widely used to reduce the excessive level of muscle activity in different fields, e.g. the prevention and reduction of low back pain. In this view, EMG biofeedback could be a potential tool to assist aged subjects in reducing the excessive muscle activity during standing balance. However, whether the greater, prolonged activation observed locally in the muscles of aged subjects reﬂects the activation of the entire muscle is still an open question. It is possible that diﬀerences in the activation of postural muscles with aging are more or less expressive than previously appreciated. This thesis aimed at obtaining new insights into the rationale and the effects of the use of EMG biofeedback for the improvement of muscle efficiency during standing in the elderly. It was evaluated whether muscle activation during standing differ between young and aged subjects through a sophisticated detection system for the acquisition of surface EMGs from multiple regions of a single muscle (i.e., high-density surface EMG). Before to test this hypothesis, a methodological issue was addressed to verify whether high-density surface EMG is selective enough to detect during standing: (a) different activation between ankle muscles, as observed with other techniques (intramuscular electromyography); (b) variations in the activity within ankle muscles (i.e., soleus muscles). The results of this methodological study revealed that the medial portion of soleus muscle was activated continuously compared to the lateral portion of soleus and medial gastrocnemius, which were activated intermittently. These results suggest high-density surface EMGs can be used to discriminate the activity between ankle muscles (i.e., medial gastrocnemius and soleus) and muscle activity sampled from different regions of a single muscle (i.e., soleus) can provide estimates more representative of muscle activity during standing. High-density surface EMG was therefore used to assess muscle activity between young and aged subjects during standing. Key results indicate that during standing: (a) tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles were active for a longer duration in aged than young subjects; (b) a greater proportion of medial gastrocnemius volume was active in aged individuals. Collectively, these results corroborate previous evidence that elderlies tend to stand with a greater muscle eﬀort than young subjects. Thus, the well-documented attenuation effect of EMG biofeedback on muscle activity may extend to the control of human standing posture with aging. This thesis addressed additional issues which could be relevant to provide more representative EMGs of muscle activity to the subject through EMG biofeedback and to prove the attenuation effect of EMG biofeedback on the activity of lower limb muscles during standing. The following two questions were addressed: i) should EMGs be sampled from both lower limbs to provide more representative information about calf muscles activity? It was observed differences in muscle activity between left and right ankle muscle while young subjects stood at ease. These results indicate muscle activity should be sampled from the ankle muscles of both legs to avoid a biased recording and feedback of muscle activity during standing. ii) Is the attenuation effect of EMG biofeedback on the ankle muscles activity generalized to – or compensated by – other muscles during standing? These findings revealed the attenuation effect of EMG-audio feedback on ankle muscles is not compensated by other lower limbs muscles not included for the feedback. Therefore, the EMG biofeedback may be a promising technique to assist individuals in more efficiently controlling lower limbs muscles during standing. If the short-term, attenuation, effect of EMG-audio feedback on ankle muscles’ activity in young individuals observed here is generalized to other populations (e.g., the elderly) and retained after training, then, improvement in postural muscle efficiency may contribute significantly to an ability to maintain standing balance, to respond to unexpected perturbation, standing on narrow stances and walking; with potential implication for the prevention of falls.

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Périco, Bruna Carla [UNESP]. „Efeito da percepção háptica obtidapor meio da condução de um cão na estabilidade locomotora do ser humano“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87486.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da percepção háptica na estabilidade locomotora do ser humano durante a condução de um cão com uma guia. A estabilidade locomotora foi avaliada em contextos de restrição ao equilíbrio e visão durante o deslocamento de adultos (n=14) sobre uma trave de equilíbrio sem e com a condução de um cão. Quando os participantes caminharam conduzindo o cão, privados da visão, o desempenho em termos da duração do deslocamento total, da duração das passadas, das fases de duplo suporte e balanço, amplitude média de oscilação do tronco, assim como a variabilidade da fase relativa melhoraram significativamente (p ≤ 0.05) em relação às condições sem o cão. Na condição com o uso da visão, andar sem e com o cão, não resultou em efeitos. Testes a posteriori de Bonferroni demonstraram que houve melhora no desempenho dos participantes ao longo das tentativas do estudo. Indivíduos são capazes de detectar propriedades hápticas do movimento de um cão por meio da guia com o objetivo de atenuar efeitos desestabilizadores na locomoção durante contextos de restrição ao equilíbrio e à visão
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of haptic perception in the human locomotion stability while walking a dog on a leash. The stability assessed during tasks that included to walk on a narrow balance beam and blindfolded vision of adults (n = 14) while leading the dog through a leash. When the participants walked along with the dog, but without vision, walking performance assessed by the duration of the total displacement on the balance beam, duration of double support phase during walking, swing phase, durations of stepping cycle, trunk oscillation, as well as variability of the inter limb relative phase improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared to full vision conditions with or without the dog. Individuals are capable of detecting haptic properties through a dog’s leash in order to stabilize themselves while walking blindfolded on a challenging surface

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Périco, Bruna Carla. „Efeito da percepção háptica obtidapor meio da condução de um cão na estabilidade locomotora do ser humano /“. Rio Claro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87486.

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Orientador: Eliane Mauerberg de Castro
Banca: Renato de Moraes
Banca: José Ângelo Barela
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da percepção háptica na estabilidade locomotora do ser humano durante a condução de um cão com uma guia. A estabilidade locomotora foi avaliada em contextos de restrição ao equilíbrio e visão durante o deslocamento de adultos (n=14) sobre uma trave de equilíbrio sem e com a condução de um cão. Quando os participantes caminharam conduzindo o cão, privados da visão, o desempenho em termos da duração do deslocamento total, da duração das passadas, das fases de duplo suporte e balanço, amplitude média de oscilação do tronco, assim como a variabilidade da fase relativa melhoraram significativamente (p ≤ 0.05) em relação às condições sem o cão. Na condição com o uso da visão, andar sem e com o cão, não resultou em efeitos. Testes a posteriori de Bonferroni demonstraram que houve melhora no desempenho dos participantes ao longo das tentativas do estudo. Indivíduos são capazes de detectar propriedades hápticas do movimento de um cão por meio da guia com o objetivo de atenuar efeitos desestabilizadores na locomoção durante contextos de restrição ao equilíbrio e à visão
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of haptic perception in the human locomotion stability while walking a dog on a leash. The stability assessed during tasks that included to walk on a narrow balance beam and blindfolded vision of adults (n = 14) while leading the dog through a leash. When the participants walked along with the dog, but without vision, walking performance assessed by the duration of the total displacement on the balance beam, duration of double support phase during walking, swing phase, durations of stepping cycle, trunk oscillation, as well as variability of the inter limb relative phase improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared to full vision conditions with or without the dog. Individuals are capable of detecting haptic properties through a dog's leash in order to stabilize themselves while walking blindfolded on a challenging surface
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Lahr, Juliana. „Controle motor em pacientes com doença de Parkinson : terapia do espelho, foco de atenção e tarefa dupla /“. Rio Claro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132427.

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Orientadora: Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Coorientador: Marcelo Pinto Pereira
Banca: Luis Augusto Teixeira
Banca: José Eduardo Pompeu
Resumo: Introdução: a doença de Parkinson (DP) tem o início assimétrico dos sintomas motores e afeta o processamento e a integração das informações proprioceptivas, comprometendo o controle motor dos membros superiores tanto em tarefa singular (tarefa manual isolada) quanto em tarefa dupla (tarefa manual e controle postural). Por estas tarefas serem frequentemente exigidas nas atividades de vida diária, esclarecimentos quanto ao papel da assimetria da doença nessas tarefas podem elucidar sobre os efeitos da doença na funcionalidade dos pacientes e nortear a decisão sobre estratégias de intervenção mais pertinentes. Dentre as estratégias de intervenção para esses comprometimentos encontram-se a instrução de foco de ação externo e a terapia do espelho (TE). Ambas as intervenções podem ser potencialmente eficazes na DP por facilitar a aprendizagem motora. Objetivos: avaliar o papel da assimetria da doença no controle dos membros superiores e do controle postural nas condições de tarefa singular versus dupla e de tarefa com instrução de foco de atenção livre versus foco externo, assim como verificar o efeito da TE no controle motor do membro superior afetado e no controle postural de pacientes com DP. Método: 20 pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao controle dos membros superiores (análise cinemática) e ao controle postural (análise cinética), nas condições de tarefa singular e dupla, foco de atenção livre e externo. Posteriormente, os pacientes foram distribuídos nos grupos GI1 e GI2 e realizaram a intervenção que consistiu de treino unilateral do membro superior menos afetado, com duração de 30 minutos diários, 5 dias consecutivos na semana, durante 6 semanas, em domicílio. Na intervenção somente o GI1 utilizou o feedback visual - TE. Os grupos foram avaliados pré- e pós-intervenção. Resultados: o desempenho ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) presents asymmetric early motor symptoms, and those symptoms affect the processing and the integration of proprioceptive information. Due to that, the upper limb motor control is impaired even on single task (isolated manual task) and dual task (manual task and posture control). Because these sort of tasks are performed during activities of daily living, the role of asymmetry on those task must be clarified to elucidate the effects of disease on PD functionality and thus guide the therapists choose more effective interventions. Among strategies of intervention on PD motor impairments, two strategies that deserve special attention are the instruction of external focus of attention and mirror therapy (MT). Both interventions might be potentially effective to facilitate motor learning. Aims: to assess the role of PD asymmetry on upper limbs motor control and postural control in conditions of single versus dual task; and tasks with attentional focus with instructions versus external focus as well as to verify the effect of MT on upper limbs motor control more affected on postural control of PD patients. Methods: Twenty PD patients were submitted to assessments on: Upper Limb motor control (kinematic analysis) and postural control (kinetics analysis), in single and dual task conditions, with and without external focus of attention. Posteriorly, the subjects were distributed in two different groups: GI1 and GI2. The MT protocol consisted in a unilateral home therapy on less affected upper limb, performed 30 minutes a day, five days a week, during 6 consecutives weeks. To assist the subjects of GI1, they performed this protocol using a visual feedback (mirror therapy). Both groups were assessed before and after therapy protocol. Results: performance was not different between upper limbs and single and dual tasks, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Rudolfsson, Thomas. „Sensorimotor control and cervical range of motion in women with chronic neck pain : Kinematic assessments and effects of neck coordination exercise“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96172.

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Introduction: Neck pain is a common problem in society and is more prevalent among women. The consequences of neck pain for the individual often include activity and participation limitations, thus affecting many dimensions of life. There is still a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disorder and likewise of efficient rehabilitation for people with neck pain. However, coordination exercises have shown promising short-term effects. To carry this line of research forward, there is a need to improve methods for objective characterization of impairments and to investigate novel methods of rehabilitation. Aims: To characterize impairments of active cervical range of motion of the upper and lower cervical levels in women with chronic neck pain with a novel method (Study I and II) and identify the influence of head posture and movement strategies (Study II). Further, to investigate the effects of a novel method for neck coordination exercise on sensorimotor function and neck pain (study III) and the consistencies of motor variability metrics in a goal directed arm movement task to aid the design of future clinical research (Study IV). Methods: All studies were laboratory based with kinematic assessments of neck movements (Study I-III), balance (Study III) and goal directed arm movements (Study III, IV). The studies had designs that were: cross-sectional (I and II), randomized controlled trial (III) or test-retest reliability study (IV). Participants in Study I (n=135) and II (n=160) were women with chronic non-specific neck pain and healthy controls. In Study III, women with chronic non-specific neck pain (n=108) were randomized into three different individually supervised 11 week interventions. Study IV included healthy women (n=14). Results: It was found that cervical range of motion impairments in women with non-specific neck pain were direction- and level-specific; impairments were greater in extension in the upper and flexion in the lower levels of the cervical spine. The magnitude of impairments in range of motion was associated to self-ratings of functioning and health. Possible group differences in natural head posture were rejected as a cause for the direction specific effects. Neither could the effects be explained by a strategy to minimize torque in the cervical spine during movement execution. The neck coordination training was not superior to strength training (best-available) and massage treatment (sham) in improving sensorimotor functions or pain according to short-term and 6 months follow ups. The results from the study of the goal directed movement task showed that between and within-subject sizes of most motor variability metrics were too large to make the test suitable for application in clinical research. Conclusions: Women with chronic non-specific neck pain have direction- and level-specific impairments in cervical sagittal range of motion. The underlying causes of these specific impairments remains unresolved, but the direction specific impairments are not related to natural head posture. The clinical validity of the method of characterization of cervical range of motion was supported and it can be useful in future clinical research. The novel method of neck coordination exercise showed no advantages on sensorimotor functions or pain compared with best-available treatment in women with chronic non-specific neck pain.
Långvarig smärta i nacken är vanligt förekommande och orsakar både personligt lidande och stora kostnader för samhället. Långvariga nackbesvär är vanligare hos kvinnor än hos män. Det saknas kunskap om effektiva rehabiliteringsmetoder, men forskning har indikerat att träning som förbättrar nackens koordination kan vara effektivt. För att uppnå bättre rehabiliteringsresultat är det viktigt att utveckla metoder för att objektivt mäta funktionsnedsättningar och att utveckla samt utvärdera nya rehabiliteringsmetoder. Syftet med avhandlingen kan sammanfattas i tre delar: Att detaljerat mäta nedsättningar i nackens rörelseomfång hos kvinnor med långvarig nacksmärta; att utvärdera effekten av en ny metod för nackkoordinationsträning på rörelsefunktion och smärta hos kvinnor med långvarig nacksmärta; samt att utvärdera ett nytt test för att mäta precision och koordination vid målriktade armrörelser och ämnat för framtida klinisk forskning. Resultaten visade att kvinnor med långvarig nacksmärta hade specifika nedsättningar i nacken rörelseomfång; i övre nackregionen var bakåtböjning mer begränsad medan i nedre nackregionen var framåtböjning mer begränsad. Vi kunde utesluta att resultaten berodde på skillnader i huvudets normala hållning. Graden av rörelsebegränsning i nacken uppvisade samband med personernas självskattade funktion, symtom och hälsa. Nackkoordinationsträningen var inte var bättre än styrketräning eller massage för att förbättra rörelsefunktion eller för att minska smärta. Det nya testet för armrörelser var inte lämpat för kliniska studier av rörelseprecision. Slutsatserna från avhandlingsarbetet är att kvinnor med långvarig nacksmärta har begränsningar i nackens rörelseomfång vid framåt- och bakåtböjning av huvudet som är specifika vad gäller nivå i halsryggen och riktning. Att graden av rörelsebegränsning uppvisade samband med självskattad funktion, symtom och hälsa styrker testets kliniska validitet. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att förstå orsakerna bakom de specifika nedsättningarna. Nackkoordinationsträningen som utvärderades kan inte rekommenderas för kvinnor med långvarig nacksmärta eftersom korttidsuppföljning och 6-månadersuppföljning visade att träningsformen inte var bättre än styrketräning eller massage, vare sig när det gällde att förbättra sensomotorisk funktion eller att minska smärta.

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Eltz, Giovana Duarte. „Efeito imediato e crônico do treinamento de equilíbrio nas variáveis biomecânicas de atletas“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157489.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O equilíbrio é um pré-requisito importante para o aprendizado de habilidades motoras complexas e estão relacionadas ao esporte, desde a juventude até a idade adulta. O desempenho do equilíbrio vem sendo associado a melhora do desempenho atlético (ou seja, saltos verticais, sprints, tarefas de mudança de direção) e até mesmo está sendo considerado uma condição importante para o atleta tornar-se de alto nível. Atualmente equipes e atletas estão utilizando o treino de equilíbrio como uma modalidade de exercício para melhorar o equilíbrio, prevenir lesões nas extremidades inferiores, reabilitar a propriocepção e função neuromuscular. Este treinamento, tem como objetivo gerar instabilidade ao atleta e com isso gerar melhora do controle postural, propriocepção e alguns casos força. A melhora controle postural se dá através dos mecanismos neuronais, envolvendo redes espinhais e supraespinhais. No nível da coluna vertebral, o treino de equilíbrio inibe a excitabilidade reflexa espinhal devido a um aumento na inibição pré-sináptica. Melhorias no desempenho do equilíbrio estão associadas a redução da excitabilidade córticoespinal e cortical (nível supraespinhal), gerando regulações no reflexo. Além disso, adaptações favoráveis após treinamento de equilíbrio podem estar associadas as mudanças estruturais na massa cinzenta e substância branca no lobo pré-frontal em indivíduos jovens saudáveis. Portanto, mudanças geradas no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) podem contribuir na melhora do desempenho do equilíbrio e nos efeitos que tendem a prevenir as lesões. Apesar do treinamento equilíbrio ser uma ferramenta efetiva para a melhoria do controle postural e variáveis neuromusculares, ainda há contradição na literatura em relação aos seus efeitos no desempenho de atletas e pouco se sabe sobre o efeito imediato deste treinamento. Preparadores físicos e fisioterapeutas devem considerar que os indivíduos submetidos a treinos de equilíbrio possam apresentar déficit imediato. O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar quais parâmetros biomecânicos são influenciados após o treinamento equilíbrio em atletas de forma imediata e crônica. As coletas foram realizadas em 45 participantes do sexo feminino e 15 do masculino com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, sendo que para o experimento 1 e 2 foram avaliadas trinta jogadoras de basquete, no experimento 3 atletas de diversas modalidades, quinze mulheres e quinze homens. No experimento 1 e 3 foram realizadas avaliações imediatamente após o treinamento de equilíbrio, 15 minutos e 30 minutos. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as variáveis de equilíbrio (área, comprimento e velocidade do centro de pressão - COP) e do salto contramovimento (altura e força de reação do solo na aterrissagem), já no experimento 3 foram realizados testes isométricos e isocinético para verificação do torque e com eletromiografia nos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral e vasto medial para cálculos da eficiência neuromuscular. No experimento 2 foi realizado treinamento equilíbrio com jogadoras de basquete por oito semanas. Foram divididas em dois grupos (controle e treinamento), realizaram avaliações pré e pós treinamento. As avaliações realizadas foram senso de posição ativa, cinestesia, teste isométrico e teste isocinético de joelho dominante, equilíbrio unipodal e salto contramovimento. Após a verificação da normalidade (ShapiroWilk) e homogeneidade (Levene), foi utilizado o teste T independente para comparar as variáveis dependentes entre grupos. Para verificar o efeito do treinamento de equilíbrio, foi aplicada a análise de variância (ANOVA) two-way. Na sequência utilizou-se a ANOVA one way, com correção de Bonferroni para análises par a par quando encontradas interações ou quando encontrados somente efeitos principais. Para todas as variáveis foram adotados o nível de significância de α < 0.05. Após 8 semanas de treino, o grupo treinamento melhorou o desempenho do salto, do equilíbrio olhos fechado e olhos aberto membro não dominante, do senso de posição, torque isométrico e isocinético, mas não apresentou melhora no equilíbrio olhos abertos membro dominante e cinestesia. Já no efeito imediato apenas a altura do salto contramovimento não apresentou déficit imediatamente pós o treino de equilíbrio. As demais variáveis, força de reação do solo, equilíbrio unipodal, torque isométrico, torque isocinético e eficiência neuromuscular apresentaram déficit imediatos ao treino e algumas delas levando não retornaram ao valor basal após 30 minutos de treino.
Balance is an important prerequisite for learning complex, life-related motor skills. Balance performance has been associated with improved athletic performance (ie, vertical jumps, sprints, change-of-direction tasks) and is even considered to be an important condition for the athlete to become a high-level athlete. Currently teams and athletes are using balance training as an exercise modality to improve balance, prevent injury to the lower extremities, rehabilitate proprioception and neuromuscular function. This training aims to generate instability to the athlete and with that improves athletes’ postural control through neuronal mechanisms, involving spinal and supraspinal networks. At the spinal level, balance training apears to inhibit spinal reflex excitability due to an increase in presynaptic inhibition. Improvements in balance performance can be associated with substantially reduce corticospinal and cortical excitability so that the traininginduced reflex down-regulation is associated with improvements in balance performance (supraspinal level). In addition, favorable adaptations after balance training may be associated with structural changes in gray matter and white matter in the prefrontal lobe in healthy young subjects. Therefore, changes generated in the Central Nervous System (CNS) may contribute to improved balance performance and to effects that tend to prevent injury. Although balance training is an effective tool for the improvement of postural control and neuromuscular variables, there is still contradiction in the literature regarding its effects on the performance of athletes and little is known about the immediate effect of this training. Physical trainers and physiotherapists should consider that individuals submitted to balance training may present immediate deficit. The aim of this research is to determine which biomechanical parameters are influenced after the balance training in athletes immediately and chronically. The samples were collected in 45 female participants and 15 male participants aged 18 to 35 years. For the experiment 1 and 2, thirty basketball players were evaluated, in the experiment 3 athletes of various modalities, fifteen women and fifteen men. In experiments 1 and 3, evaluations were performed immediately after the balance training, 15 minutes and 30 minutes. In the experiment 1, were evaluated the variables of balance and countermovement jump, and in the experiment 3, was performed isometric and isokinetic tests with electromyography in the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles. In experiment 2, balance training was performed with basketball players for eight weeks. They were divided into two groups (control and training), performed pre and post training assessments. The evaluations performed were a sense of active position, kinesthesia, isometric test and isokinetic test of dominant knee, unipodal balance and countermovement jump. After verification of normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity (Levene), the independent T-test was used to compare the dependent variables between groups. To verify the effect of the balance training, the ANOVA two-way was applied. An ANOVA one way, with Bonferroni correction, was used for parity analyzes when interactions were found or when only main effects were found. For all variables, the level of significance of α <0.05 was adopted. After 8 weeks of training, the training group improved the performance of the jump, the closed eyes balance and open eyes non-dominant limb, the sense of position, isometric and isokinetic torque, but did not show improvement in the open eyes limb dominant balance and kinesthesia. Already in the immediate effect only the height of the countermovement jump did not present deficit immediately after the balance training. The other variables, ground reaction force, unipodal balance, isometric torque, isokinetic torque and neuromuscular efficiency presented immediate training deficit, and some of them did not return to baseline after 30 minutes of training.
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Sales, Viviane Carolina. „Avaliação do efeito do treino de marcha em esteira com e sem suspensão do peso corporal no equilíbrio de pacientes com doença de Parkinson em uso de estimulação cerebral profunda“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-24022015-152845/.

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Introdução: Após a cirurgia de Estimulação Cerebral Profunda (DBS), pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) ainda apresentam alterações posturais e da marcha. Assim, intervenções adicionais são necessárias para reduzir a instabilidade postural e quedas. O treino de marcha em esteira é conhecido por melhorar parâmetros do equilíbrio e marcha de pacientes com DP; no entanto, o que ainda não se sabe é se há diferença entre o treino com e sem suspensão do peso corporal e se esses tipos de treinamento são capazes de potencializar os efeitos da DBS. Objetivo: A proposta deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do treino em esteira, com e sem supensão do peso corporal, em aspectos do equilíbrio de pacientes com DP após DBS. Métodos: Homens (n=6) e Mulheres (n=5) com DP (60.9± 10.6 anos) em uso de DBS bilateral em Núcleo Subtalâmico foram avaliados quanto o equilíbrio e mobilidade antes e após o tratamento, usando o Time Up and Go test (TUG) em três condições: convencional, cognitiva e motora; assim como, a Escala de Berg e a Posturografia Estática. Na fase 1, todos os sujeitos participaram de um programa de fisioterapia convencional associado à treino em esteira por 8 semanas (16 sessões). Após 6 semanas de período de wash-out, cada participante realizou o mesmo treino durante 8 semanas porém, o treino em esteira foi realizado com suspensão do peso corporal. Resultados: Após a fase 1 de treino em esteira sem suspensão, houve melhoras na performance do TUG cognitivo (pré: 15.7±1,8 s versus pós: 13.7±3.1 s; p=0.01) e um aumento do deslocamento corporal ântero-posterior e médio-lateral com os olhos fechados. Após a fase 2 de treino em esteira com suspensão do peso corporal, houve melhoras do TUG convencional (pré: 12.3±2.0 s versus pós: 10.7±1.7 s; p=0.01) e cognitivo (pré: 14.6±3.5 s versus pós: 12.5±1.6 s; p < 0.05). Não houve mudanças significantes nos escores da Escala de Berg após ambas as fases. Conclusão: O treino de marcha em esteira com ou sem suspensão do peso corporal promove melhora do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico em pacientes com DP após a cirurgia de DBS. Ambos os métodos tem resultados similares; No entanto, o treino de marcha com suspensão do peso corporal parece ser uma opção potencialmente superior, uma vez que pacientes sentem-se mais seguros, e isso pode levar à um tipo de treino mais viável
Background: After deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, patients with Parkinson`s disease (PD) typically still present significant gait and postural stability problems, and thus additional interventions are needed to reduce slip and fall accidents and injuries. Treadmill training is known to improve balance and gait parameters in PD; however, what remains to be determined is the comparative effectiveness of treadmill training with support versus without and if they could potentiate DBS effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of treadmill training, with and without body weight support, on balance outcomes among patients with PD after DBS. Methods: Male (n=6) and female (n=5) patients with PD (60.9± 10.6 years old) that were using bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS were evaluated for balance and mobility prior to and following treatments, using Time Up and Go test (TUG) in three conditions: conventional, cognitive and motor, as well as the Berg Balance Scale and Static Posturography. In phase 1, all subjects participated in 8-weeks (16 sessions) of treadmill training in conjunction with conventional physiotherapy. After a six weeks period of wash-out, each patient then participated in a subsequent 8-weeks of treadmill training with partial body weight support. Results: After the phase 1 unsupported treadmill training, there were improvements on the cognitive TUG performance (pre: 15.7±1,8 sec versus post: 13.7±3.1 sec; p=0. 01) and an increase of anteroposterior and medio-lateral body oscillation with eyes closed. After the phase 2 body weight supported treadmill training, there were improvements in conventional (pre: 12.3±2.0 sec versus post: 10.7±1.7 sec; p=0. 01) and cognitive (pre: 14.6±3.5 sec versus post: 12.5±1.6 sec; p < 0. 05) TUG performances. There were no significant changes in the Berg Balance Scale following either training protocol. Conclusions: Both unsupported and supported treadmill training improved static and dynamic balance in patients with PD after DBS surgery. Both methods had similar results; however, supported treadmill training seemed to be a potentially superior option, as patients tended to feel safer, and thus it may prove to be a more viable means of training

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Kewagamang, Phemelo. „La formation des enseignants de FLE à l'enseignement de l'oral dans un contexte multilingue : le cas du Botswana“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0015.

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L’agir des enseignants de français langue étrangère au Botswana met en avant le développement des compétences écrites des élèves. Les activités orales servent de moyens pour systématiser les savoirs linguistiques. Or, dans un contexte où l’objectif d’enseigner le français vise le développement de la compétence de communication, l’oral est objet et moyen d’enseignement. L’objectif de cette recherche est de savoir dans quelle mesure une formation à la méthodologie d’enseignement de l’oral permettrait d’améliorer l’agir enseignant afin de développer les compétences orales des élèves. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un dispositif de formation à l’enseignement de l’oral sous forme de séquence didactique. Il s’appuie sur les principes de l’approche communicative/actionnelle, ainsi que des postures d’étayages développées par Bucheton (2009). L’approche clinique/expérimentale nous permet, dans une perspective comparative, d’observer et de filmer l’action enseignante, sans puis avec ce dispositif, afin de déterminer les moyens mis en œuvre par les enseignants pour enseigner l’oral. Les entretiens d’autoconfrontation simple et d’alloconfrontation nous donnent l’accès aux motifs qui poussent les enseignants à agir. Les résultats indiquent que la seule stratégie discursive employée par les enseignants, l’alternance codique, détermine la posture d’étayage qu’ils adoptent et par conséquent le développement des compétences orales des élèves. Il est, de ce fait, primordial si l’on veut former les enseignants à l’enseignement de l’oral dans un contexte multilingue, d’y intégrer la didactique de l’alternance codique
Teacher action in french as a foreign language classrooms of Botswana concentrates on the development of learners’ written skills. Oral activities are used to reinforce the teaching of grammar. However, in a context where language is taught for the purpose of developing learner’s communicative competence, oral skills constitute the means and the end. This research seeks to determine in what way the training of teachers to the didactics of oral skills could improve teacher action in order to develop learner’s oral skills. We therefore propose a training model to teachers, which is inspired by the communicative/task based learning. The clinical/experimental approach, is used to observe and video record teachers in action: first without the training model and then with the training model. Autoconfrontation and alloconfrontation interviews help understand the motives behind teacher’s action. The results indicate that, code switching; the only discourse strategy used by teachers, determines the posture that they adopt and consequently the development of learners’ oral skills. It is as a result important, if we want to train teachers on how to teach oral skills in a multilingual context, to integrate the didactics of code switching to the training model

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Guan-HongChen und 陳冠宏. „Human Posture Identification for Sport Training“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95984122335885820458.

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碩士
國立成功大學
工程科學系
103
The modern people often ignore the importance of establishing an exercise routine. With possibly incorrect actions during exercise, not only the fitness goal is not reached, but also people may be injured. In view of this, an accompanying trainer who provides real-time and appropriate guidance is necessary. On the other hand, there are already various approaches in place that support sport training. In this work, we utilize a markerless device for motion capture and then conduct subsequent human motion analysis. Note that several previous studies focus on the comparison of a single posture to evaluate the correctness of a trainee’s movements. However, a workout program is usually a motion sequence containing different postures. A single posture is not enough to be representative. We thus propose to utilize both the LCS (longest common subsequences) and the DTW (dynamic time warping) algorithms for matching whole sequences. A prototype system is also implemented, in which a user can imitate the postures as demonstrated by the trainer. Specifically, our prototype system provides functionalities of trainer recording, student training, and history reviewing. Consequently, a trainer can record different exercises for specific users whereas a trainee can perform workouts and review his or her own exercise histories.

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Covalla, Elizabeth Danielle. „Visual posture observation error and training“. 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05192003-133617/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Lai, Ching-Hua, und 賴慶樺. „Human Body Posture Detection and Training System“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6rb93d.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電子工程系
103
The aim of this study applies image processing to develop an automatic non-radiative human body posture detection and training system, which can improve bad postures of users. The human body can be separated from the background image with Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Support Vector Machines. Each part of the human body can be identified by skin color detection. The application of Laplacian filter and Canny edge detection can characterize the parts of human body. To measure and evaluate the body condition, we adopt the template matching and the proposed human body feature recognition algorithm to calculate each body feature. Finally, the region of interest and the motion history image can correct the training exercise movements with real-time video feedback. The results of Paired-Samples T Test and One-Way ANOVA show a high correlation and significant progress of the proposed system. The result shows that the image accuracy can achieve over 80%, which represents that this system is reliable. In the future, we hope to combine face detection and neutral networks to improve the accuracy of the system.

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