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Kapski, Denis, Yauheni Kot, Tetiana Lutsenko, Oleksii Prasolenko, Andrii Galkin, Oleksii Lobashov und Sergii Dulfan. „Assessing the Effect of Turning Vehicles and Pedestrians on the Safety of an Urban Road Section (Using Examples from the Commonwealth of Independent States)“. Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0009.
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AbstractThe article is devoted to an analysis of accidents involving pedestrians in traffic. An analysis of the statistical data of accidents involving pedestrians in the Republic of Belarus has been made. The main patterns and trends of accidents involving pedestrians are identified. A detailed analysis of the accident rate at pedestrian crossings and intersections was carried out, which made it possible to establish the most dangerous types of collisions during the interaction of transport and pedestrian flows. Experimental studies of collision situations were also carried out, which made it possible to establish the dependence of the violation rate on the composition of the right-handed traffic flow, on the type of traffic signal that regulates traffic on the right, as well as on the size of groups of pedestrians in front of cars.
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Ćosić, Mario, Ljupko Šimunović und Marijan Jakovljević. „Relationships Between External Factors and Pedestrian Accident Blackspots – A Case Study of the City of Zagreb“. PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 31, Nr. 3 (13.06.2019): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v31i3.3119.
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Traffic accidents represent a social, health and political challenge in every country. Urban environments are characterized by intense traffic flows on the network, where different conditions resulting in interactions between motorised and non-motorised transport constantly occur, potentially increasing the risk of accidents. Although road accidents are considered as random events in space and time, a highly detailed analysis may establish correlations between road accidents and external factors (road infrastructure, traffic conditions, weather conditions, land use). This paper considers the impact of external factors on road accidents involving pedestrians in the City of Zagreb, which required an analysis of accident blackspots. The research conducted in this paper puts an emphasis on relations between external factors and accident blackspots involving pedestrians. The results can be used in planning pedestrian infrastructure and improving road safety.
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Febres, Juan Diego, Miguel Ángel Mariscal, Sixto Herrera und Susana García-Herrero. „Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (05.06.2021): 6439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116439.
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Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.
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Красаулина, N. Krasaulina, Алешина, I. Aleshina, Иванов, A. Ivanov, Смелкова und K. Smelkova. „REDUCING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS“. Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, Nr. 2 (17.12.2015): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19476.
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The analysis of road accidents in the Russian Federation with the participation of pedestrians, actualized the need to establish a set to accompany the walking of the column, and it is represented by a set of testing
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Lasota, Dorota, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Paweł Krajewski, Krzysztof Goniewicz und Witold Pawłowski. „Alcohol and Road Accidents Involving Pedestrians as Unprotected Road Users“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 23 (02.12.2020): 8995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238995.
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than half of all road fatalities involve vulnerable road users, i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Poland is classified as one of the European Union (EU) countries marked by low road safety, with a higher frequency of accidents involving pedestrians compared to other EU countries (31% of all fatalities). Among unprotected road users, a significant group of victims are pedestrians, who are often under the influence of alcohol. This study aims to analyze the impact of alcohol on the risk of occurrence and consequences of road accidents among pedestrians. The source of data was the medical documentation of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Warsaw. In more than half of pedestrian deaths, the presence of alcohol was found; regardless of the place of the event and the place of death, among the victims under the influence of alcohol, males dominated; the average age of the victims under the influence of alcohol was significantly lower compared to the average age of sober victims, with younger victims being significantly more likely to die at the scene of the accident, especially in rural areas; significantly higher alcohol concentrations were found in males, in victims who died at the scene of the accident, and with victims of accidents in rural areas. Among pedestrian traffic accident fatalities, the most numerous group comprised young men under the influence of alcohol. In rural areas, a higher percentage of pedestrian victims died at the scene as a result of excessive alcohol consumption. These areas should be subject to intensive preventive measures to increase the safety of pedestrians as unprotected road users.
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Abdukhalilovich, Ikromov Ikboljon, und Akhunov Javlon Abdujalilovich. „Analysis Of Road Accidents Involving Children“. American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 02, Nr. 10 (30.10.2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume02issue10-05.
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The article presents the analysis of statistical data of drilling road accidents with children. Proposals are given for the development of new technologies for the prevention of injuries to children in road traffic accidents, as well as training them in road safety rules and ensuring the safety of pedestrians on the roads around educational institutions.
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Skirmantė, Miglė, und Marija Burinskienė. „ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY ON THE MOST ACCIDENTAL STREETS IN VILNIUS CITY“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (22.09.2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.13065.
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The article examines the intersections of the most accidental streets of Vilnius, which are classified as black spots, and provides suggestions on how to rearrange them. The statistics of traffic accidents are analyzed to identify the most accident-prone streets. Dangerous intersections are identified by the black spot methodology. The technical parameters of the most accident-prone streets, the behavior of pedestrians and cyclists at intersections are analyzed. After analyzing the factors that determine the accident, solutions are proposed to help reduce the number of accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists.
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Zieliński, Ewa, Adriana Wielgus und Katarzyna Sas. „Pedestrians safety in developing countries on the example of Ghana“. AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 21, Nr. 3 (31.03.2019): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.105.
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As the number of vehicles increases, the number of transport accidents in developing countries increases. Accidents are the second cause of death in Ghana after malaria. Pedestrian accidents remain the main problem in Ghana, as they represent the largest percentage of deaths in traffic accidents. The death rate among pedestrians was 3 times higher than among vehicle users. Insufficient lighting of roads and lack of infrastructure for pedestrians are the cause of an increased number of fatalities among pedestrians. Increasing the visibility of pedestrians on the road and increasing the emphasis on education in the field of road safety could reduce the number of road accidents involving pedestrians.
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Wang, Jianyu, Huapu Lu, Zhiyuan Sun, Tianshi Wang und Katrina Wang. „Investigating the Impact of Various Risk Factors on Victims of Traffic Accidents“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 9 (11.05.2020): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093934.
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In this study, our goal was to determine the impact of various risk factors on traffic accidents in the city of Shenyang, China, and to discuss the various common factors that influence pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents. A total of 1227 traffic accidents from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed, of which, 733 were accidents involving pedestrians and 494 were non-motor vehicle accidents. Among these traffic accidents, pedestrians and non-motor vehicle users had either minor or no responsibility. Sixteen influencing factors, including main responsible party attributes, pedestrian/non-motor vehicle user attributes, time attributes, space attributes, and environmental attributes were analyzed with regards to their impact on accidents using the binary logistic regression model (BLR) and the classification and regression tree analysis model (CART). Age, administrative division, and time of year were the three most common factors for pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents. For pedestrian accidents, the personal influencing factors of the main responsible party included illegal acts while driving and hit-and-run behavior. Factors affecting pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents also had different orders of importance.
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Bauer, Marek, Romanika Okraszewska und Matthias Richter. „Analysis of the causes and effects of cyclist-pedestrian accidents in biggest Polish cities“. Archives of Transport 58, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8970.
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Traffic incidents between pedestrians and cyclists result in an incomparably smaller number of victims (injured and killed) than accidents between unprotected traffic participants and other vehicles. However, such incidents cannot be underestimated, as in most cases they take place on elements of infrastructure designed for pedestrians and cyclists, and thus negatively affect the sense of safety of users in places where they should not only feel safe but also comfortable. This paper presents an analysis of such traffic incidents, aimed at recognizing the share of pedestrians and cyclists as perpetrators and also victims of accidents. Three research hypotheses were examined: that the type of infrastructure and also light and weather conditions influences the structure of perpetrators and victims, that the proportion of accidents between pedestrians and cyclists caused by pedestrians is increasing, and that the proportion of victims of accidents between pedestrians and cyclists in the pedestrian group is de-creasing. Analyses were performed based on the number of traffic incidents involving cyclists and pedestrians in the six largest Polish cities, registered in the Police Accident and Collision Records System. A total of 1,702 incidents involving 1,034 injured and killed people in years 2007-2018 were considered. Each traffic incident was considered individually, taking into account changes in perpetrator and victim proportions depending on the type and purpose of the infrastructure and external conditions, as well as variability of these proportions over subsequent years. The tools of mathematical statistics were used, including – among others - significance tests for independent proportions and Chi-squared test for trend. On the basis of the conducted statistical analyses, all research hypothesis were proved. It also confirmed that although the proportions are changing, there are still much more traffic incidents are caused by cyclists, but more victims are in group of pedestrians. The results of the research confirm the need to take action to develop effective mechanisms of mutual interaction between pedestri-ans and cyclists. Especially in view of the growing bicycle traffic in Polish cities.
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Ceccato, Vania. „Patterns of Traffic Accidents Among Elderly Pedestrians in Sweden“. Review of European Studies 10, Nr. 3 (27.07.2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n3p117.
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The objective of this study is to characterize the nature and space-time patterns of traffic accidents involving elderly pedestrians in Sweden, in order to suggest preventive measures. The analysis is based on elderly pedestrian accidents from 2010 to 2014 using an age adjusted standardized elderly accidents ratios (ASEAR), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistics techniques. Findings show that the geography of elderly traffic accidents is far from being homogenous across the country: although most accidents happen in urban municipalities, 30 per cent of municipalities classified as accessible rural exhibit relatively high-standardized accidents ratios. They happen often in daylight hours, on weekdays and in the coldest months of the year. Most of the cases are single accidents (e.g. self-inflicted fall); they happen in street segments/intersections and pedestrian/bicycle path, some affected by environment conditions such as icy or uneven surfaces. Findings of the study call for preventive actions that are sensitive to the nature of these accidents in different temporal and spatial contexts.
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Wachnicka, Joanna, und Karol Kulesza. „Does the Use of Cell Phones and Headphones at the Signalised Pedestrian Crossings Increase the Risk of Accident?“ Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, Nr. 4 (28.09.2020): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.496.
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Reduction of the number of fatalities among pedestrians remains a topical issue in Poland. For many years, this percentage has remained at around 30% of all those who were killed on the road. At the same time, there is an increase in the use of electronic devices by pedestrians and cyclists that may affect their perception when crossing the road. This can lead to traffic accidents. In order to investigate the problem, field studies were carried out and their results are presented in the article. Pilot studies on pedestrian and cyclist behaviour were carried out at three pedestrian crossings with traffic lights in Gdansk. Attention was paid to whether pedestrians and cyclists use headphones when crossing the road, whether they are talking on the phone or writing SMS. The results of the research indicate that currently in Gdańsk about 10% of unprotected traffic users use a telephone and 5% use headphones at pedestrian crossings. Most of them are young people, 70–90% of all users. Women prefer using headphones more than men. Pedestrians exhibited dangerous behaviour involving entering the road at a red light regardless of the use of telephones and headphones. Therefore, as part of the studies described, it cannot be clearly stated whether the use of telephones and headphones increases the risk of being the victim of an accident. Due to the lack of separate statistics with accidents involving mobile phones and headsets, it was not possible to analyse statistical data in this respect. At the same time, research confirmed traffic disruptions at the crossings, caused by telephone users, as indicated in literature.
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Melo, Willian Augusto de, Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira, Adriano Brischiliari, Sandra Marisa Pelloso und Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho. „Mortality trend due to traffic accident in young in the south of Brazil“. Cadernos Saúde Coletiva 26, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x201800040192.
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Abstract Background Traffic accidents are a major global public health problem with an impact on morbidity and mortality. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality trend from road accidents among young adults. Method An ecological time-series study was performed of the deaths of young (15-24 years old) in traffic accidents in the state of Parana, Brazil from 1996 to 2013. Mortality data was obtained from the Mortality Information System. Mortality rates were calculated and the trend analysis was performed through polynomial regression models. A trend was considered significant when the estimated model obtained a p-value <0.05. Accidents involving tricycles were excluded from the analysis (58 cases). Results Of the 12,063 deaths from road accidents, 82.0% were male. There was a significant and growing trend of accident mortality rates involving motorcyclists and car and pick-up truck occupants, and a decreasing trend of fatal accidents involving pedestrians. The average mortality rate for accidents involving motorcyclists was 10 deaths per 100,000 residents, an increase of 1.13 per year. Accidents involving car occupants increased annually by 0.43 and accidents involving pick-up truck occupants by 0.01. Conclusion There was a significant increasing trend for fatalities of both genders, especially motorcyclists and car occupants. The pedestrian mortality trend has shown a decreasing due to their lower exposure.
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Aprilnico, Elven, und Martha Leni Siregar. „Pedestrian risk analysis at Jl. Raya Citayam – Jl. Boulevard Raya Grand Depok City intersection leg using pedestrian risk index“. MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603011.
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Based on data obtained from Korps Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia there are 4,007 traffic accidents involving pedestrian in this period (October 2017-March 2018), where 499 of them happened at intersection. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk level of pedestrian when crossing the intersection leg (using Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI). The concept of TCT (Traffic Conflict Technique) is adopted and a designed group(s) of pedestrians are observed while crossing the streets at a zebra cross and while crossing the street without a zebra cross. Pedestrians are observed when crossing individually and in groups. Data extracted include time and distance to accidents, crossing directions, and speed. Results indicate that compared to the existence of zebra crossing and crossing direction, the number of pedestrian in group significantly determines the risk level.
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Afridi, Almas, Hamid Shahzad, Jamal Akhter, Muhammd Nouman, Shah Hussain, Rehmat Ullah Shah, Zeeshan Muhammd Jaffar und Tariq Hayat. „Trends of Road Traffic Accidents: Patterns of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents Victims: A study from Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar KPK“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, Nr. 8 (30.08.2021): 2194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582194.
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Background This study reflects the pattern of road traffic accidents and road traffic injuries sustained by RTA victims reporting to LRH MTI. Traffic volume, single and narrow roads is a big problem, traffic rules violation is another demon, lack of awareness, reluctance for the use of safety gears, underage vehicle drivers or rider with questionable driving/ riding skills and no license has worsen the injury pattern and more severe crashes here, putting pedestrians and biker at high risk. Aim: To know the different trends of road traffic accidents, most common victims and different patterns of injuries Methods This is hospital based analytical comparative study, which was conducted in the trauma section of Accident Emergency lady reading hospital MTI Peshawar KPK, during the tenure from May 2020 to November 2020. In this study 298 victims of road traffic accidents were assessed and analyzed from both genders and of all age groups. Results 298 victims of RTAs evaluated in our study. Most common mechanism involved pedestrian verses vehicle 40.3% followed by vehicle versus vehicle 28.6%, curiously in 5.3% of RTAs mechanism was unknown. Most of victims were males when compared with females, Males 86.3% and females 13.6%. children age group 0 -10 years makes 12.6%. Most common vehicle involved was a bike in 48%, followed by car 30% and then 3-wheelers (auto ricksha and Qing chi) 15.3% followed by crashes involving unknown vehicle 8% which is significantly high with all the victims severely wounded or unknown category. Most common victims were vulnerable road users (pedestrian and bike riders) 35% pedestrians and 31.6% bike riders. 11.3% of victims were passengers. Most common injury sustained was head injury38.5%(n=115), followed by lower limb injuries(n=105) 35.2% and polytrauma victims with chilling percentage of 9.3%. Conclusion There is a rising toll of road traffic injuries in and around Peshawar and majority being reported to emergency department LRH, MTI and it is major public health concern. Not only Pedestrians and bike rider are at threat but children of age group under 10 as well with high pedestrian mortality. If proper preventive steps not taken this will continue to rise causing significant death and disabilities. Keywords: Road traffic injuries, road traffic accidents, safety gears road traffic injury victims
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Poudel, Sudhan, Sudarshan Dhungana und Raksha Dahal. „Pattern and Cause of Road Traffic Accidents in Morang District“. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 19, Nr. 1 (23.04.2021): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v19i1.2750.
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Background: Road traffic accidents is growing continuously as a global burden and would be a leading cause of death in developing countries. The global burden of road traffic accidents continues to grow and promises to overtake tropical diseases as leading causes of death in the developing world. This study aimed to study the pattern and causes of road traffic accidents in Morang district.Methods: Record based descriptive cross-sectional study was used by reviewing all registered RTA cases of the District Traffic Police Office, Morang during fiscal year 2074/75 (Shrawan 2074 to Ashad 2075). 501 road traffic accident cases were found in the record and used for the study. The data was analysed using SPSS v 16 and presented in normal frequency tables and crosstables.Results: Out of 501 accidents 32.2% occurred Friday and Saturday. In the evening time, most of the accidents occurred. In highways, 53.5% of accident cases occurred. 82% of the accidents occurred in blacktop road. Two-wheelers are mostly involved in accident cases (77%). Negligence (55.7%) and over-speed (36.5%) were the major reasons for accidents. In 33% of cases, accidents occurred involving pedestrians and cyclists. 80% of the drivers are below 40 years; similarly 80% of the victims are also below 40 years. Among victims who died 84.1% were male and among injured 73.3% were males.Conclusions: Weekends, evening, highways and two wheelers are more accident prone time, place and vehicles respectively. Overspeed and negligence of driver tends to major cause of accidents and majority of victims are the young bike riders and pedestrians. Keywords: Burden; causes; road traffic accidents; pattern
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MARTINES, RODRIGO TADASHI, WASHINGTON GOMES DE ARAUJO, CINTIA LECI RODRIGUES und JANE DE ESTON ARMOND. „INCIDENCE OF PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC INJURY IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL, IN 2016“. Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 26, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220182602185837.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Globally, more than 1.2 million people die from traffic accidents each year. In order to reduce the rate of traffic accidents and their subsequent social consequences in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the aim of this study was to characterize pedestrian victims of traffic accidents and occurrences. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and retrospective epidemiological study of 2723 pedestrians injured in traffic accidents during 2016 in Sao Paulo. Results: Of the total sample, 37.3% participants were female and 62.7% male; incidence was highest in the 10-19 year old age group (19.9%) and lower limb injuries were most frequent (28.6%). Of the cases attended in urgent health care units, 75.6% progressed to hospital discharge. Accidents were more frequent in the afternoon (44.6%), and most commonly involved cars (47.2%). Conclusions: This study showed the importance of making detailed records of traffic accidents to guide the government in intensive education efforts to develop a healthy society and respect for traffic regulations, to promote urban improvements involving signage and pavement, and to maintain pre-hospital and hospital care teams in strategic locations to minimize the time elapsed between the accident and care provided to the victim. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.
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Budzynski, Marcin, Anna Gobis, Lucyna Guminska, Lukasz Jelinski, Mariusz Kiec und Piotr Tomczuk. „Assessment of the Influence of Road Infrastructure Parameters on the Behaviour of Drivers and Pedestrians in Pedestrian Crossing Areas“. Energies 14, Nr. 12 (15.06.2021): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123559.
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Pedestrians are participants and, most likely, fatalities in every third road traffic accident in Poland. Over 30% of all fatalities on Polish roads are pedestrians. Accidents with pedestrians are very often the result of various factors related to the infrastructure and behaviour of pedestrians and drivers. The objective of the work was to assess driver and pedestrian behaviour in pedestrian crossing areas. The research also served as a pilot study for similar work to be conducted across Poland, and constituted the basis for monitoring the behaviour of road users in the area of pedestrian crossings. Parameters which must be analysed were identified on the basis of field studies. Principles of selecting test sites were adopted, and measurement methods for pedestrian crossing areas are presented. The influence of the location of the selected test cross-section infrastructure parameters on the behaviour of road users in pedestrian crossing areas is demonstrated. The results of the study will be used as a basis for new solutions involving pedestrian crossing infrastructure designed to improve pedestrian safety. The results were also used in formulating new regulations for the design and maintenance of pedestrian crossings and recommendations for road safety auditors.
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Sosik, Katarzyna, und Patrycja Pawłowska. „Aspect of pedestrian safety at road intersections with traffic lights“. AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, Nr. 6 (30.06.2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.132.
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The Processes of Globalisation, mobility of the society, modernization of transport infrastructure, the desire to own means of transport contribute to the increased number of road vehicles and many transport problems. These include, above all, the occurrence of transport congestion, which in turn is the source of further problems of road transport systems. Environmental pollution, increased noise, occurring traffic hazards, difficult communication has a negative impact on the functioning of users of urban transport systems. In contrast to the increasing expectations of users of urban transport systems, systems supporting their safety and increasing the capacity of transport networks come out. One of the examples of the system is traffic lights. The implementation of this system allows for safer movement of individual road users, including pedestrians. The article discusses the problem of pedestrian safety in road traffic. The analysis of police statistical data on the number of accidents and their effects with the participation of pedestrians was presented. In addition, the results of research on the subjective assessment of pedestrian safety at road intersections using traffic lights are present-ed. The method of direct interview involving pedestrians as participants of road traffic was used.
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Santos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos, Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues und Marina Aleixo Diniz. „Trauma in the elderly caused by traffic accident: integrative review“. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, Nr. 1 (Februar 2015): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000100021.
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OBJECTIVE To describe the scientific knowledge produced about trauma in the elderly caused by traffic accidents in healthcare area studies. METHODS Integrative review of studies from 2003 to 2013 searched in LILACS, SciELO, PubMed and CINHAL databases. We used combination of the descriptors injuries, wounds and accidents, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. RESULTS 32 studies were selected. In the thematic analysis, three categories emerged: epidemiological data from traffic accidents involving elderly; traffic accidents with elderly pedestrians; and trauma care in the elderly. We observed increased incidence of trauma in most countries and pedestrians represented a large part of the victims. Among these, the elderly are the most vulnerable group. CONCLUSION Studies showed that trauma care in the elderly need protocols and professionals with training in gerontology specialized in trauma care services.
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Oh, Jihun, und Jeongseob Kim. „Where to Ride? An Explorative Study to Investigate Potential Risk Factors of Personal Mobility Accidents“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 3 (22.01.2021): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030965.
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As a mobility of future, the popularity of personal mobility vehicles (PMs) is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, this boom in the use of PMs has resulted in a substantial number of accidents involving not only PM users but also other road users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicle drivers. This study aims to explore the potential risk factors for the occurrence of PM-related accidents and the resulting injury severity using the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) of South Korea between 2017 and 2019. We found that PM–pedestrian accidents tend to occur on roads with wider sidewalks and bike lanes, possibly because the pedestrian–PM conflict increases in this road condition. There is still ongoing debate on whether it is appropriate for PMs to share the sidewalk with pedestrians. Some countries, including Korea, prohibit the use of PMs on sidewalks; however, in reality, this regulation is not well-observed because using PMs on roadways involves higher crash risk with motor vehicles. This study suggests one potential solution to ensure safety of PM users: expansion of bike lane infrastructure having physically separated bike lanes and sidewalks/motorways in addition to the formation and strict enforcement of appropriate safety rules for PM users.
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Mahajan, Sanjeev, Arti Gupta und Param Pal Singh Coonar. „Epidemiological study of road traffic accident cases admitted in government tertiary hospital: a study from Punjab, India“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, Nr. 1 (21.12.2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20164731.
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Background: Among all types of injuries road traffic injuries constitute a major public health problem. They lead to not only deaths but many more cases of morbidity and disability. People from all economic groups are affected but poor are affected the worst because they suffer from double brunt of injuries and also the economic loss; sometimes pushing them below the poverty line. The present study was conducted to study the epidemiological variables involved in road traffic accidents.Methods: 500 road traffic accident victims admitted in emergency department of Rajindra Hospital, a tertiary institute; attached to Government Medical College, Patiala (Punjab) were studied from July 2002 to February 2003. In this descriptive study pretested proforma was used to know the various epidemiological factors related to road traffic accident victims. The demographic variables, category of road users, details of injured pedestrians and types of vehicles involved in road traffic accidents were studied.Results: The road traffic accident victims mainly include the young males, especially 21-30 years (31.4%), married (70.6%), and men (86.8%) mainly literate (66.6%), from rural areas of Punjab. Maximum accidents occurred during night time (8pm- 4am) and major involvement was of two wheelers (63.4%). Mainly drivers were affected in the road crashes (46.6%) followed by pedestrians (21.4%).Conclusions: young male drivers are affected the most, mainly involving two wheelers. There should be regular and continuous on-going traffic safety and awareness programs covering all the media especially directed towards education of drivers, pedestrians and young population; mainly focusing on the schools and colleges youth.
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Romadhona, Prima Juanita. „Safety Level Of Pedestrian In Urban Area“. Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 24, Nr. 4 (14.05.2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v24i4.1016.
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There are other road users who have high rates involvement as victims of accidents, namely vulnerable road users such as pedestrians. The study concern to find out the safety level and facilities of pedestrians. This study takes place within official and residential areas with high pedestrians mobility. Furthermore, traffic conflict analysis used as the method to measure the safety level of pedestrians. From the survey results, urban areas especially in study case is not equipped with safety facilities for pedestrians such as pedestrians crossing, road sign, mark, speed limit for vehicles, and 70% serious traffic conflict lead to potential accident which involving pedestrians. The result proves low safety level for pedestrians in urban area. As the recommendation, land use and innovation in pedestrians safety facilities installation is needed such as combination of zebra cross, speed limit, sign, mark, and speed hump to reduce vehicle speed when approaching the crossing facilities.Keywords: pedestrians safety, traffic conflict analysis Terdapat pengguna jalan lain yang memiliki angka keterlibatan yang tinggi sebagai korban kecelakaan, yaitu pengguna non kendaraan bermotor seperti pejalan kaki. Kajian ini mengenai tingkat pelayanan keselamatan dan fasilitas bagi pejalan kaki. Kajian ini mengambil lokasi wilayah perkantoran dan wilayah pemukiman dengan mobilitas pedestrian yang tinggi. Selanjutnya, digunakan analisis konflik lalu lintas sebagai metode pengukuran tingkat keselamatan responden. Dari hasil survey, kawasan perkotaan dalam studi kasus tidak difasilitasi dengan fasilitas keselamatan bagi pejalan kaki yaitu tidak adanya batasan kecepatan bagi kendaraan bermotor serta tetjadinya 70% konflik serius yang mengarah kepada potensi kecelakaan selama jam pengamatan yang melibatkan pejalan kaki. Diperlukan penanganan bagi keselamatan pejalan kaki yaitu pemanfaatan tata guna lahan dan pemasangan fasilitas keselamatan seperti zebra cross, pembatasan kecepatan, rambu, marka, dan speed hump untuk mengurangi kecepatan kendaraan bermotor yang akan melewati fasilitas penyeberangan. Kata Kunci: keselamatan, pejalan kaki, analisis konflik lalu lintas
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Williams, James S., Jonathan A. Graff und Justin M. Uku. „Pedestrian Intoxication and Fatal Traffic Accident Injury Patterns“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041637.
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AbstractIntroduction:Sixteen percent of all motor-vehicle fatalities are pedestrian, and accidents involving pedestrians are associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Classic pedestrian injury patterns have been described. However, it has been suggested that the pattern may differ if the pedestrian is intoxicated. The role of pedestrian intoxication on motor-vehicle accident injury patterns has not been well-delineated.Hypothesis:Intoxicated pedestrian traffic victims have an injury pattern that is more serious and more rapidly fatal than is the pattern for nondrinking victims.Methods:Autopsies of 223 consecutive pedestrian victims were reviewed and grouped according to the presence of alcohol in the blood: Group I, Negative (n = 165); Group II, Positive (n = 58). Gender, age, anatomic injuries, survival time, time of day, and year also were examined.Results:Results indicated that there were more males in Group II (79%) than in Group I (64%); younger victims, younger than 40 years old, in Group II (70%) than in Group I (34%); fewer victims older than 60 years old in Group II (8%) than in Group I (38%). Group II sustained more frequent and more severe injuries—two times the frequency of the cervical spine, liver, upper and lower extremity, pelvic and rib fractures and thoracolumbar spine injuries; three times more aortic injuries; five times more heart injuries. Death occurred within 24 hours in 95% of those in Group II and in 67% of those in Group I. Accidents occurred from 1500h to 2300h in 67% of Group II and in 53% of Group I victims.Conclusion:Intoxicated pedestrian accident victims are predominantly young men, struck between 1500h and 0700h; they have an injury pattern that is two to five times more serious than is the pattern for the sober victims.
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Pavlekic, Snezana, und Dragana Puzovic. „Analysis of traffic accidents in children“. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, Nr. 9-10 (2006): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0610427p.
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Introduction: Violent health damages of different origin (accidents, murders, suicides) in children and youth are one of the main causes of death and disabilities in this group of population in most countries. Objective: Objective of our paper was to analyze all related factors of traffic accidents involving children and to propose adequate measures of their prevention. Method: The analysis of fatal traffic accidents of children and youth aged to 18 years on the territory of Belgrade, within the period from 1998 to 2002. Results: In relation to other forms of violent death, the traffic mortality rate in children and youth holds the leading position, accounting for 56.9% with pedestrians as the most frequent category (57.4%). The most frequent age was between 7 and 9 years (46.8%) and the boys were more frequently injured than the girls. It was established that the majority of children (51.9%) was either running across the street outside the pedestrian/ zebra crossings or they were carelessly running out in the street, especially in April, July, August and September. More than a half of them (55.5%), predominantly school children, were injured by the end of working week, on Thursday and Friday. Conclusion: Results of our research have shown that the traffic education of children in our region is inadequate. Due to the abovementioned, it is primarily necessary to establish long-term and permanent education of this category of population. In addition, some public investments in the City infrastructure will be required in order to reduce the risk of traffic injuries in children.
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Lee, Hyog Ho, Jin-Seong Cho, Yong Su Lim, Sung Youl Hyun, Jae-Hyug Woo, Jae Ho Jang und Hyuk Jun Yang. „Relationship between age and injury severity in traffic accidents involving elderly pedestrians“. Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine 6, Nr. 3 (30.09.2019): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15441/ceem.18.052.
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Musiał, Paweł. „Police Academy in Szczytno, Poland“. Internal Security 13, Nr. 1 (27.09.2021): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2913.
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Traffic accidents are a very common cause of death or disability in people. They usually involve users of various vehicles on the road or pedestrians. They are also among the main problems of public health in Poland. Accidents cause many human tragedies every year. Every day, many people die on Polish roads for many different reasons. The motorcycle season tends to change its time-frame from year to year, taking the form of a year-round. Recklessness, non-compliance with road rules, excessive speed, bad weather conditions and mistakes made by car drivers cause many traffic accidents that involve motorcyclists. They result in severe multi-organ trauma or instant death of the victims. Modern technologies designed to improve the safety of motorcycles as well as the protections used in helmets and protective clothing are helpless in the face of traffic accident mechanisms. The author analyzed the data obtained from the Police Headquarters Road Traffic Department, showing the number of road incidents involving motorcyclists in 2019. The material shows the scale of accidents broken down into causes, number of road incidents in individual months and age of the perpetrators. The references to data from previous years show the problem of accidents on Polish roads and the position of Poland in the European statistics as a country with a high percentage of fatalities in traffic accidents.
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Karlyana, Kadek Erma, und Galih Puji Mulyono. „LEGAL PROTECTION TO THE PEDESTRIAN RIGHT“. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 5, Nr. 2 (13.08.2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v5i2.3007.
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Walking is one of the main modes of human transportation before the emergence of various other means of transportation that support the movement or movement of humans. In the midst of the rapid development of transportation, safety from pedestrians began to be overlooked by the increasing percentage of traffic accidents involving pedestrians as victims. The neglect of pedestrian protection is a form of violation of human rights that is the basic right of the pedestrian itself as the weakest mode of transportation. The neglect of the protection of pedestrian human rights is caused by several factors such as the availability of inadequate facilities such as the conversion of pedestrian lines by street vendors, the lack of awareness from the public regarding law enforcement on pedestrian protection to the lack of government role in it. The purpose of writing this topic is to raise public awareness about the importance of protection of pedestrian rights by not escape the existence of cooperation from the government so that the rights can be fulfilled as stated in the Act.
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Wocial, Adrianna, Piotr Tomczuk, Anna Wytrykowska und Marcin Chrzanowicz. „Inspection of the lightning condition at pedestrians crossings“. WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 129 (01.06.2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1934.
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The article relates to the problem of numerous accidents on pedestrian crossings on Polish roads, caused mainly by incorrect lighting. Adduced statistics show that a significant number of accidents involving pedestrians occur at pedestrian crossings, which mostly happen during the winter months and hours, which lack solar lighting. These factors show how vital for pedestrian safety is proper lighting. Disturbing statistics have contributed to taking the preventive steps by conducting road safety audits and lighting condition as-sessment in Warsaw in 2016. The article describes the procedure of safety audits carried out in the form of local visions by the use of specialized measurement tools at selected pe-destrian crossings and factors that should be considered when assessing the lighting status of pedestrian crossings. The results of measurements of vertical lighting intensity at pedes-trian crossings, measured for two directions of vehicle traffic, were analyzed. The state of illumination of pedestrian crossings was classified based on the subjective, objective, and final assessment introduced. Comments and recommendations regarding the improvement of the lighting condition at pedestrian crossings were summarized. The conclusions of the final report on the lighting of pedestrian crossings in Warsaw districts were presented, based on which classified the risk factors. After analyzing the obtained measurement re-sults and subjective assessments of auditors, corrective actions were proposed to improve the safety of people at pedestrian crossings.
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Ziolkowski, Robert. „Investigations of driver’s speed at unsignalised pedestrian crossings“. MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926205018.
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Pedestrian crossings are critical places for road accidents involving pedestrians and motor vehicles. Due to the relation between speed and injury severe the driver’s speed has a crucial impact on pedestrian safety. In Poland the traffic-related death rate of unprotected road users is extremely high comparing to other countries of European Union even though the traffic law regulations require from drivers special attention and slowing down while approaching to the intersection and/or zebra pedestrian crossing area. The goal of the paper is to investigate driver’s speed while approaching to the pedestrian crossings located in mid-block areas and in inlet sections of unsignalised intersections and roundabouts. For this purpose the spot speed measurements in free flow traffic conditions were conducted using radar speed gun. Speed was recorded at a distance of 100m and 50m from the crossing as well as at the zebra crossing location. As a result driver’s speed behaviour based on statistical analysis and depending on the type, localization and distance from the pedestrian crossing was analysed and evaluated.
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Drapalyuk, Mikhail, Vladimir Zelikov, Gennadiy Denisov, N. Zlobina und Natal'ya Zelikova. „INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ON THE PERMANENT HIGHWAYS“. Forestry Engineering Journal 11, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.2/11.
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The statistics of road traffic accidents in general on federal and forest roads of the Russian Federation, as well as with the participation of large wild animals, have been considered. An analysis of the number of incidents reported in various official sources of information has been made. Significant underestimation of the main accident rates was noted, especially with the participation of wild animals on forest roads. The features of the investigation and examination of accidents involving pedestrians and wild animals, taking into account the requirements of the RF Traffic Rules, are described. Deficiencies in the requirements of the RF Traffic Rules have been identified. Possible variants of hazardous traffic situations on forest road sections have been considered. A deterministic analysis of possible variants of a vehicle collision with a wild animal has been carried out. The speed of movement of a vehicle on an emergency-dangerous section of the road has been determined, which allows the driver to timely apply emergency braking to prevent a collision with an animal. Additions to the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation have been proposed, aimed at ensuring safety on emergency-hazardous sections of highways and forest roads
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BEAK, Tea Hun, Seulki Son und Byung Ho PARK. „Modeling Traffic Accident Occurrence Involving Child Pedestrians at School Zone“. Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 34, Nr. 6 (30.12.2016): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2016.34.6.489.
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Chen, Ping-Ling, Rong-Chang Jou, Wafaa Saleh und Chih-Wei Pai. „Accidents involving pedestrians with their backs to traffic or facing traffic: an evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 50, Nr. 5 (09.03.2016): 736–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.1372.
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Lozano Domínguez, José Manuel, und Tomás de J. Mateo Sanguino. „Design, Modelling, and Implementation of a Fuzzy Controller for an Intelligent Road Signaling System“. Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1849527.
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Crossing points are not always 100% visible for drivers due to different factors (e.g., poor road maintenance, occlusion of vertical signs, and adverse weather conditions). USA estimated in 2015 the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and vehicles in 70,000 of whom 5,376 resulted in deceased people. To contribute in this field, this paper presents the design, implementation, and testing of a smart prototype system applied to pedestrian crossings—not regulated by semaphores—which try to reduce the accident rate on roads. The hardware and software system consists of a set of autonomous, intelligent, and wireless low-cost devices that generate a visual warning barrier perceived by drivers from a suitable distance when pedestrians traverse a crosswalk. In this way, drivers can reduce the speed of their vehicles and stop safely. The system’s intelligence is carried out by a fuzzy controller that performs sensory fusion at both low level and high level with various types of sensors from local and neighboring devices. The tests conducted have determined an average success of 94.64% and a precision of 100%, thus corresponding with a very good test according to a ROC analysis. As a result, the system proposed has been patented and extended to international PCT.
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Golubić, Jasna, Zoran Vogrin und Eduard Missoni. „Dynamic Anthropometric Characteristics of Pedestrians in Case of Car Collision“. PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 28, Nr. 5 (28.10.2016): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v28i5.2149.
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The paper gives an overview of the specific features of anthropometric characteristics of humans – pedestrians in case of car accidents involving pedestrians and cars. Here, special attention has been paid to the configuration of the human body while moving, which is in turn related to the initial conditions of a collision. Special part of biomechanics in humans refers to their moving, where human’s walk has a specific posture as a mechanical phenomenon. Based on the carried out analysis the need has been observed for a classification of anthropologic variables by means of which the dynamic inertia moments of a walking human can be calculated, as well as the human, who hit by a car in a traffic accident flies along a production curvilinear path. With the development of ergonomics, and the accompanying increased application of anthropometry, the static anthropometry was abandoned, since the humans are considered highly variable in their dimensions, which is extremely importantfor the dynamic analysis of the human body posture in the collision process.
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Jurecki, Rafał Stanisław, Tomasz Lech Stańczyk und Marek Jacek Jaśkiewicz. „DRIVER’S REACTION TIME IN A SIMULATED, COMPLEX ROAD INCIDENT“. Transport 32, Nr. 1 (09.05.2014): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.913535.
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This paper presents an overview of research on the behaviour of drivers in simulated accident situations. The research was carried out by the authors of this work as a part of a research N N509 549 040 funded by the National Science Centre including new accident situations. The paper presents a description of the methodology and implementation of research on a track. During the tests, the simulation concerns about an accident risk situation involving pedestrians and passenger cars intruding the road area. In contrast to earlier research carried out by the authors, the scenario included the possibility of a pedestrian ‘entering’ from behind a curtain, both from the left and from the right sides of the road. This was possible thanks to a specially developed test stand. The paper analyses the values of driver’s reaction times characteristic to driver’s impact on: acceleration control pedals, service brake and steering wheel. In addition to the determination of average reaction time values and the regression line for the test group of 30 drivers, the assessment of the frequency of drivers taking individual defensive reactions was carried out. Keywords: traffic safety; collision; road accidents; regression equation; simulation.
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Mikusova, Miroslava, Joanna Wachnicka und Joanna Zukowska. „Research on the Use of Mobile Devices and Headphones on Pedestrian Crossings—Pilot Case Study from Slovakia“. Safety 7, Nr. 1 (02.03.2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010017.
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The topic of the use of mobile devices and headphones on pedestrian crossings is much less explored in comparison to the use of the mobile phone while driving. Recent years have seen many discussions on this issue, especially in foreign countries. The Slovak Republic, however, has not been giving it enough attention (and it is not mentioned in the National Road Safety Plan for the Slovak Republic from 2011 to 2020). This paper aims to draw attention to this issue. It presents basic outputs of a pilot study on pedestrian safety, with a focus on the use of mobile devices and headphones at selected non-signalized pedestrian crossings in three Slovak cities. Overall, 9% of pedestrians used headphones or mobile devices at observed pedestrian crossings (4% of them used headphones, 1% used headphones and at same time used their mobile phone, 2% made phone calls and 2% used their mobile phones). While these numbers can be considered relatively low, the study proved that during weekdays every 2 min someone was using the crossing without fully focusing on crossing the road safely. Another main finding was that although the safety risk at pedestrian crossings is increased by factors such as rush hour traffic or reduced visibility, pedestrian behavior related to the use of mobile phones and headphones does not change. A safety assessment was also carried out at the crossings. The results show that pedestrian behavior is not affected by the level of safety of the crossing (e.g., visibility of the crossing for drivers). The results of the presented analysis suggest that action is needed to change that. Due to the lack of information about accidents involving pedestrians using mobile phones and headsets when crossing the road, no relevant statistical data could be analyzed. The dataset collected can be used as a basis for further investigation or comparisons with other countries of the relevant indicators. In future work, we would like to include a pedestrian–driver interaction factor focusing on driver speed behavior in relation to pedestrians (who are on or are about to step onto a pedestrian crossing) and identify critical situations caused by improper behavior of drivers and/or pedestrians. This will help to understand speed adjustment problems related to pedestrian crossings.
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Schneck, Claudia, Elias Teixeira Krainski, Carlos Eduardo da Rocha Omoto, Daniel Grabasky Accioly, Faissal Nemer Hajar, Vitor Cassal da Cunha, Vitor Machado Guimbala, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo und Solena Ziemer Kusma. „Spatial analysis of road traffic accident deaths in the state of Paraná, 2007-2016“. Research, Society and Development 10, Nr. 11 (05.09.2021): e431101119942. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19942.
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Brazil is in fifth place among countries with the highest number of land transport accidents. The state of Paraná, Brazil, was the object of this study which conducted spatial analysis with the aim of identifying areas where this phenomenon occurs more and their time series over a 10-year period. This was an ecological and exploratory observational study covering the period 2007 to 2016 in 39 micro-regions of the state of Paraná. Data of road traffic accident deaths as per the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10, codes V01 to V89) held on the Mortality Information System, were analyzed. Relative risk rates were calculated and choropleth maps were built. A total of 31,651 deaths from the causes examined were recorded according to municipality of occurrence. The most frequent ICD-10 items found were those involving automobile occupants, motorcyclists, pedestrians and cyclists in road traffic accidents. An overall falling trend was found with effect from 2012. The rate by area did not show pronounced spatial dependence and there was considerable variation, whereby the Cerro Azul micro-region had the lowest relative risk in the period, while in Campo Mourão deaths were around 53.3% above the expected level. The estimated average annual trend for the Curitiba micro-region had the steepest fall in the period, while Campo Mourão had the highest rising trend. The trend analysis indicated places where more robust public policy interventions and enforcement actions need to be reviewed.
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Skoczyński, Przemysław. „Analysis of Solutions Improving Safety of Cyclists in the Road Traffic“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (22.04.2021): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093771.
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Cycling safety management is particularly important due to the increasing use of this mode of transport and increasing car traffic flows. Cyclists—travelling on roadways or sharing the space with pedestrians—are exposed to considerable risks for their safety, as well as for the safety of other road users. Comprehensive and effective management of bicycle traffic safety is therefore essential for the protection of this group of road users. The article presents procedures, the implementation of which is aimed at increasing the safety of cyclists and effective implementation of measures to achieve that. The analyses aimed at the selection of appropriate measures and solutions to improve safety of cyclists in the road traffic have been presented. The procedures include: Selection of devices and measures, risk assessment and estimation of the potential to reduce the risk of collisions/accidents involving cyclists, selection of investment measures and devices reducing the risk of cyclists and other road users, implementation methods and monitoring of selected measures reducing the risk of collisions/accidents involving cyclists. The proposals contained in the article fill in the gap existing in this area of knowledge. The analyses conducted and the presented results show that the construction of infrastructure for cyclists is not the only way to improve the safety of this group of road users. Due to the high costs and deficit of the road surface in the road-street cross-section—other forms of measures in this area should also be analyzed.
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Aligbe, J. U., W. O. Akhiwu und S. O. Nwosu. „Prospective Study of Coroner's Autopsies in Benin City, Nigeria“. Medicine, Science and the Law 42, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2002): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240204200407.
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A prospective study of 726 cases of coroner's autopsies carried out over a period of two years (1st January, 1996 − 31st December, 1997) was reviewed. The causes and circumstances of death are defined and classified into natural and unnatural deaths. Fifty cases (6.3%) were children while the remaining 676 cases (93.1%) were adults in a male to female ratio of 2.6 to 1. The most common indications for coroner's autopsies were sudden unnatural deaths (SUDs) accounting for 485 cases (66.8%) and also sudden unexpected natural deaths (SUNDs) (241 cases) accounting for 33.2%. In the first category, road traffic accidents accounted for 86.7% of cases with deaths involving motor vehicle drivers and their passengers (41.8%); pedestrians (37.1%); and motorcyclists and their passengers (18.6%). The commonest causes of death in all road traffic accidents were craniocerebral injuries and haemorrhagic shock. In the second category the most common causes of sudden unexpected natural death were cardiovascular diseases resulting from complications of hypertension (54.7%) occurring in apparently healthy individuals. Other causes of death were pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid fever and neoplastic diseases. This study showed that in Nigeria, with an increasing acquisition of dietary and life style habits of the developed western world, there is becoming a concomitant risk of deaths from road traffic accidents and sudden unexpected natural deaths from hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
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Kruszyna, Maciej, und Marta Matczuk-Pisarek. „The Effectiveness of Selected Devices to Reduce the Speed of Vehicles on Pedestrian Crossings“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 17 (28.08.2021): 9678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179678.
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Accidents involving pedestrians often result in serious injury or death. The main goal of this conducted research is to evaluate selected devices that will help reduce the speed of vehicles on pedestrian crossings. Many devices from a group of “speed control measures” and “mid block tools” (refugee islands, speed tables, and raised pedestrian crossings) are examined to find the most effective ones. In our research, the range of reduction of a vehicle’s speed is used as a main measure of effectiveness, but a wider statistical analysis was conducted as well. One of the results of the research is the identification of three categories of devices referred to as high effectives (good), medium effectives (intermediate), and low or lack of effectives (bad). The content of the paper starts by highlighting the reasons to reduce the vehicle’s speed on pedestrian crossings (as an introduction). Next, we present the description of devices used to reduce the vehicle’s speed with a presentation of the research of their effectiveness. The studies that have been conducted are described in the following chapters: first, the characteristic of method and location, second, with discussion, the results of research and identification of the three categories of devices. The paper is then summarized by conclusions and comments. The research only covered the issues of road traffic engineering. The research was made in Poland, but the conclusions could be useful worldwide due to similar traffic rules and technical solutions.
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van Schoubroeck, Caroline. „Traffic Accident Compensation in Belgium: An Example for Europe?“ Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 10, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x0301000205.
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On June 10, 2002 the European Commission adopted a proposal for a new Motor Insurance Directive. One of the goals of this proposal is to ensure that pedestrians and cyclists are covered by the compulsory insurance of the vehicle involved in the accident. Examples of legislation which has already sought to do so includes the French law (Loi Badinter in France) and Swedish law. It may be less well-known that Article 29bis of the Belgian Act of 21 November 1989 on the insurance against civil liability regarding the use of motor vehicles is another example of national legislation providing such coverage, not only of pedestrians and cyclists but also of motor vehicle passengers themselves. Belgian law provides a specific compensation for bodily injury and death incurred by every victim of a traffic accident involving a motor vehicle, with the exception of the driver. This is so regardless of whether the driver or the victim is at fault or not. This paper gives a brief overview of the key features of this compensation regime and its subsequent statutory changes and places it within the context of the case law.
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TSUTSUMI, Shigeyoshi, und Hiroshi MOURI. „A study on traffic accidents involving pedestrians facing the backward by using driving simulator and near-miss incident database“. Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2017.26 (2017): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2017.26.2008.
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Olsen, Richard A. „Pedestrian Accidents: Repeating Patterns and Litigation“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1996): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001003.
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Human factors analysis can be applied to pedestrian safety, but pedestrian fatalities have continued to be about 15 percent of the total traffic fatalities, many involving litigation. In some cases, pedestrian behavior is the only part of the situation that is likely to be manipulate. Fatalities are more likely at night. It does not seem likely that effective countermeasures will be introduced in the driver or the visibility environment in the near future. Efforts to encourage safe practices in walking and crossing patterns have been made with marginal effects. Litigation should recognize that drivers cannot avoid every pedestrian. The only practical approach seems to be to modify the visibility and behavior of each pedestrian. A concerted program to make every pedestrian visible by devising, distributing, and enforcing use of visibility aids seems promising. Efforts to implement such visibility improvements would recruit every agency that contacts the walking public, especially the young, old, and those using wheelchairs, bicycles, and other mobility aids.
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Thinakaran, Meera, S. Mohanavalli und G. Sree V. Bala. „Evaluation of Influencing Factors and commonly Involving Side in Maxillofacial Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents by Motorized Two Wheelers: A Cross-sectional Study“. World Journal of Dentistry 8, Nr. 1 (2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1410.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Trauma remains to be a leading cause of maxillofacial injury globally. Motorized two wheelers (MTWs) are the main cause of (73%) maxillofacial injuries in the road traffic accidents; in several studies, the right side of maxillofacial injuries was reported as the common side of injury than left side. In our previous study, the percentage of the right side injuries was higher than the left side. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the influencing factors of the maxillofacial injury by MTWs and to find the association between the side maxillofacial injuries and the handedness of drivers. Materials and methods Clusters sampling method was used; 20 clusters were selected in Chennai. Motorized twowheeler drivers were selected. Data collected by prepared questionnaires’ were statistically analyzed. Data included the demographic details, type of vehicle, engine capacity, average driving speed, years of driving, regular usage of the helmet, type, mode and frequency of accident, management, influence of alcohol, and use of the helmet at the time of injury. The side of the facial injury and handedness of drivers were recorded. Results From the total of 721 participants, 75.7% were males, 24.3% were females; 46.74% were in the age of 18 to 25; mean age is 29.45. Bikes were 55.9%, scooter 38.2%, moped 8.3%; 59.9% are geared; 50.5% were 80 to 100 cc vehicles types and 37% were 110 to 150 cc types; 62% of male's average speed is 80 km/hour; 53% of female's average speed is less than 40 km/hour. Only 18.06% had used at the time of injury. 39.4% of females had accidents, males had 59.3% (p < 0.0001). Two-wheeler vs two-wheeler accidents were 24.8%; two-wheeler vs four wheeler were 19%; by pedestrians crossing 18.7%; by animal crossing was 16.5%; skid two wheeler 20%. A total of 30.02% were under the influence of alcohol. Right-side injuries were 44.5%; left side 25.9% (p < 0.0001), while 96.9% were right-handers. Conclusion Right-side injuries were common in MTW skid and fall. Speed, type of vehicle, handedness, influence of alcohol, use of helmet, mode of injury, all are the determining factors for pattern and severity of injury. Helmet usage would definitely minimize the head injury to some extent. How to cite this article Mohanavalli S, Thinakaran M, Bala GSV. Evaluation of Influencing Factors and commonly Involving Side in Maxillofacial Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents by Motorized Two Wheelers: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):49-54.
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Matsumi, Ryosuke, Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak und Masao Nagai. „Development of Autonomous Intelligent Driving System to Enhance Safe and Secured Traffic Society for Elderly Drivers – Autonomous Collision Avoidance System with Hazard Anticipation Driver Characteristics –“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, Nr. 6 (20.12.2013): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0966.
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In the aged society of Japan, accidents involving elderly drivers are increasing every year owing to their declined physical ability in terms of recognition and decision-making. An autonomous intelligent driving system is one of the promising technologies that can enhance safety and security for elderly drivers. This paper focuses on a situation in which drivers need to make a right turn at an intersection while negotiating pedestrians near a crosswalk region. An autonomous collision avoidance system associated with the electric braking torque of an electric vehicle is designed with the application of potential field theory while considering potential hazards because of occlusions at an intersection. Finally, the effectiveness of the autonomous collision avoidance systemis verified by computer simulations and driving experiments using a micro-scale electric vehicle.
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Hadidi, K. A., A. H. Battah und S. Hinnawi. „Alcohol in Medicolegal Cases Seen at Jordan University Hospital“. Medicine, Science and the Law 38, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249803800111.
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The magnitude of alcohol-associated incidents in relation to medicolegal cases, including road traffic accidents and acts of violence, has not been evaluated in Jordan. Between 1993 and 1995, 825 such cases received at Jordan University Hospital were screened for the presence of alcohol. Blood alcohol was positive in 9.1% of vehicle passengers, 9.6% of pedestrians, 12.4% of cases involving violence, 13.6% of drivers, 65% of cases brought by police and in 12.5% of other cases. Blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) ranged from 10–350 mg/dL. BAC of more than 50 mg/dL was found in 65% and 55% of driver and violence cases respectively, and in 33% to 69% of the other categories. Alcohol may have contributed to some of these incidents. In cases with positive BAC, prior alcohol intake was frequently denied. There was no association between cases with positive BAC and a particular time, date or occasion.
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Ali, Filza, und Mushtaq Ahmed. „Motorized Two-Wheeler Accidents; A leading Cause of Death and Disabilities: Autopsy Based Study in Tertiary Care Hospital“. Annals of Punjab Medical College 15, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2021.1019.
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Background: More than half of all road traffic deaths in the world occur among vulnerable road users including pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists whereas; motorcyclists contribute almost one fourth of the death toll of road traffic crashes. Implementation of suitable strategies to address the issues of road traffic crashes is much difficult without information, absolute value of the problem, patterns and risks of injuries & death. Objective: To determine the different patterns, severity and distribution of injuries & their frequency in motorized two wheelers accidents. Study Design: Cross-sectional Study. Settings: Study was conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine at Nishtar Medical University, Multan Pakistan. Duration: One year from January 01, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Methodology: Total 167 cases died of road traffic accidents brought for autopsy and of those, 104 cases were reported to be died of motorcycle accidents involving both riders & pillion riders. The data of victim’s age, gender, site and pattern of injuries were obtained through detailed examination of the hospital record, autopsy reports and police inquest. The injuries over head, neck & thoraco abdominal region were given due consideration being dangerous to life. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Of the total 104 cases died in motorcycle accidents; 99 (95.20%) were males & 5 (4.80%) female. Riders died in 81 (77.89%) cases & pillion riders 23 (22.11%). The age group between 21-40 years involved 67 (64.42%) cases; maximum injuries were observed on Head/Face affecting 84 (80.8%) cases while on thorax 26 (25%) cases, Neck/Spine 12 (11.5%), pelvis 14 (13.4%) and abdominal area sustained injuries in 8 (7.6%) cases. As regard pattern of injuries; abrasions were found in 48 (31%) cases, lacerations 38 (24%), contusions 14 (9%) while fractures were observed in 56 (36%) cases. Among fatal injuries, 74 (71%) were found on Head, 7 (6.7%) over cervical spines, 3 (2.8%) on limbs whereas fatal injuries on thorax & Abdomino-pelvic areas were found 6 (9.6%) in each category. Of the total 81 riders, fractures of skull were observed in 59 (73%) cases and of 23 pillion riders, 16 (69.5%) got fracture of skull. Conclusion: Male riders of motorcycles belonging to age range 21-40 years were more prone to fatal injuries i.e., fractures of skull, neck, spine & Abdomino-thoracic injuries. Abrasions, contusions and lacerations were the most common type of injuries. Helmet legislation needs to be supported by strong enforcement and social marketing campaigns. Reducing the incidence by strict implementation of traffic rules and safety education via electronic & print media is need of the day.
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Łężak, Krzysztof, und Agnieszka Greszta. „Active luminous elements in the high visibility clothing and EU conformity assessment“. Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 573, Nr. 6 (19.06.2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2409.
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The insufficient, individual visibility of employees in various work environments and road traffic participants (e.g. in the night conditions, during bad weather), is still one the main causes of road accidents involving pedestrians, and collisions between people and machines. Both in professional and non-professional activities, the use of high visibility (warning) clothing and reflective elements seems to be the only way to increase the individual visibility of a human. A dynamically developing market of various types of non-incadescent light sources with small size, often flexible, emitting light with different colors and photometric parameters allows the application of these luminous elements to the warning clothing. The article presents examples of electroluminescent light sources (LED diodes, El wire, El tape, El panel) and optical fibers applied in the warning clothing. The analysis of the current detailed normative requirements and the legal status regarding the use of warning clothing with active light sources indicates that they are not sufficient to carry out the tests and EU conformity assessment of this type of protective clothing.
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Prof. Madhuri Zambre. „Automatic Vehicle Over speed Controlling System using Microcontroller Unit and ARCAD“. International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 5, Nr. 04 (31.12.2016): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v5i04.47.
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The main purpose of this paper is to develop a system that avoid accidents because of vehicles with high speed. Also, authorizes the pedestrians and public to cross the highway road with no risk from vehicles which are moving with high speed. Generally, drivers of the vehicles with high speed drives in an uncontrollable manner even in speed limited areas without taking into consideration about the public. Even traffic policemen could not able to control them and attain good response from the high speed vehicle drivers. Also, we cannot monitor them to limit their speed at all times in those areas. So, here we develop a system which controls the speed of the vehicles in those locations without involving the drivers. Here, we employ RF communication method in controlling the speed of the vehicles. Finally, we connect RF receiver to the vehicle and locations are connected with the transmitter. Also, the transmitters are coded to send the transmitted signals continuously with a small delay between the adjacent signals. So, if a high speed vehicle is entering the location then their receivers will automatically senses the received code. Thereafter, the speed of the vehicle is limited dynamically by employing an embedded system inside them.