Thematische Bibliographien / Traffic accidents involving pedestrians

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Traffic accidents involving pedestrians“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 2. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Traffic accidents involving pedestrians"

Kapski, Denis, Yauheni Kot, Tetiana Lutsenko, Oleksii Prasolenko, Andrii Galkin, Oleksii Lobashov und Sergii Dulfan. „Assessing the Effect of Turning Vehicles and Pedestrians on the Safety of an Urban Road Section (Using Examples from the Commonwealth of Independent States)“. Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0009.

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AbstractThe article is devoted to an analysis of accidents involving pedestrians in traffic. An analysis of the statistical data of accidents involving pedestrians in the Republic of Belarus has been made. The main patterns and trends of accidents involving pedestrians are identified. A detailed analysis of the accident rate at pedestrian crossings and intersections was carried out, which made it possible to establish the most dangerous types of collisions during the interaction of transport and pedestrian flows. Experimental studies of collision situations were also carried out, which made it possible to establish the dependence of the violation rate on the composition of the right-handed traffic flow, on the type of traffic signal that regulates traffic on the right, as well as on the size of groups of pedestrians in front of cars.

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Ćosić, Mario, Ljupko Šimunović und Marijan Jakovljević. „Relationships Between External Factors and Pedestrian Accident Blackspots – A Case Study of the City of Zagreb“. PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 31, Nr. 3 (13.06.2019): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v31i3.3119.

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Traffic accidents represent a social, health and political challenge in every country. Urban environments are characterized by intense traffic flows on the network, where different conditions resulting in interactions between motorised and non-motorised transport constantly occur, potentially increasing the risk of accidents. Although road accidents are considered as random events in space and time, a highly detailed analysis may establish correlations between road accidents and external factors (road infrastructure, traffic conditions, weather conditions, land use). This paper considers the impact of external factors on road accidents involving pedestrians in the City of Zagreb, which required an analysis of accident blackspots. The research conducted in this paper puts an emphasis on relations between external factors and accident blackspots involving pedestrians. The results can be used in planning pedestrian infrastructure and improving road safety.

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Febres, Juan Diego, Miguel Ángel Mariscal, Sixto Herrera und Susana García-Herrero. „Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (05.06.2021): 6439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116439.

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Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.

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Красаулина, N. Krasaulina, Алешина, I. Aleshina, Иванов, A. Ivanov, Смелкова und K. Smelkova. „REDUCING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS“. Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, Nr. 2 (17.12.2015): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19476.

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The analysis of road accidents in the Russian Federation with the participation of pedestrians, actualized the need to establish a set to accompany the walking of the column, and it is represented by a set of testing

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Lasota, Dorota, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Paweł Krajewski, Krzysztof Goniewicz und Witold Pawłowski. „Alcohol and Road Accidents Involving Pedestrians as Unprotected Road Users“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 23 (02.12.2020): 8995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238995.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than half of all road fatalities involve vulnerable road users, i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Poland is classified as one of the European Union (EU) countries marked by low road safety, with a higher frequency of accidents involving pedestrians compared to other EU countries (31% of all fatalities). Among unprotected road users, a significant group of victims are pedestrians, who are often under the influence of alcohol. This study aims to analyze the impact of alcohol on the risk of occurrence and consequences of road accidents among pedestrians. The source of data was the medical documentation of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Warsaw. In more than half of pedestrian deaths, the presence of alcohol was found; regardless of the place of the event and the place of death, among the victims under the influence of alcohol, males dominated; the average age of the victims under the influence of alcohol was significantly lower compared to the average age of sober victims, with younger victims being significantly more likely to die at the scene of the accident, especially in rural areas; significantly higher alcohol concentrations were found in males, in victims who died at the scene of the accident, and with victims of accidents in rural areas. Among pedestrian traffic accident fatalities, the most numerous group comprised young men under the influence of alcohol. In rural areas, a higher percentage of pedestrian victims died at the scene as a result of excessive alcohol consumption. These areas should be subject to intensive preventive measures to increase the safety of pedestrians as unprotected road users.

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Abdukhalilovich, Ikromov Ikboljon, und Akhunov Javlon Abdujalilovich. „Analysis Of Road Accidents Involving Children“. American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 02, Nr. 10 (30.10.2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume02issue10-05.

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The article presents the analysis of statistical data of drilling road accidents with children. Proposals are given for the development of new technologies for the prevention of injuries to children in road traffic accidents, as well as training them in road safety rules and ensuring the safety of pedestrians on the roads around educational institutions.

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Skirmantė, Miglė, und Marija Burinskienė. „ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY ON THE MOST ACCIDENTAL STREETS IN VILNIUS CITY“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (22.09.2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.13065.

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The article examines the intersections of the most accidental streets of Vilnius, which are classified as black spots, and provides suggestions on how to rearrange them. The statistics of traffic accidents are analyzed to identify the most accident-prone streets. Dangerous intersections are identified by the black spot methodology. The technical parameters of the most accident-prone streets, the behavior of pedestrians and cyclists at intersections are analyzed. After analyzing the factors that determine the accident, solutions are proposed to help reduce the number of accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists.

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Zieliński, Ewa, Adriana Wielgus und Katarzyna Sas. „Pedestrians safety in developing countries on the example of Ghana“. AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 21, Nr. 3 (31.03.2019): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.105.

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As the number of vehicles increases, the number of transport accidents in developing countries increases. Accidents are the second cause of death in Ghana after malaria. Pedestrian accidents remain the main problem in Ghana, as they represent the largest percentage of deaths in traffic accidents. The death rate among pedestrians was 3 times higher than among vehicle users. Insufficient lighting of roads and lack of infrastructure for pedestrians are the cause of an increased number of fatalities among pedestrians. Increasing the visibility of pedestrians on the road and increasing the emphasis on education in the field of road safety could reduce the number of road accidents involving pedestrians.

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Wang, Jianyu, Huapu Lu, Zhiyuan Sun, Tianshi Wang und Katrina Wang. „Investigating the Impact of Various Risk Factors on Victims of Traffic Accidents“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 9 (11.05.2020): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093934.

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In this study, our goal was to determine the impact of various risk factors on traffic accidents in the city of Shenyang, China, and to discuss the various common factors that influence pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents. A total of 1227 traffic accidents from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed, of which, 733 were accidents involving pedestrians and 494 were non-motor vehicle accidents. Among these traffic accidents, pedestrians and non-motor vehicle users had either minor or no responsibility. Sixteen influencing factors, including main responsible party attributes, pedestrian/non-motor vehicle user attributes, time attributes, space attributes, and environmental attributes were analyzed with regards to their impact on accidents using the binary logistic regression model (BLR) and the classification and regression tree analysis model (CART). Age, administrative division, and time of year were the three most common factors for pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents. For pedestrian accidents, the personal influencing factors of the main responsible party included illegal acts while driving and hit-and-run behavior. Factors affecting pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents also had different orders of importance.

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Bauer, Marek, Romanika Okraszewska und Matthias Richter. „Analysis of the causes and effects of cyclist-pedestrian accidents in biggest Polish cities“. Archives of Transport 58, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8970.

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Traffic incidents between pedestrians and cyclists result in an incomparably smaller number of victims (injured and killed) than accidents between unprotected traffic participants and other vehicles. However, such incidents cannot be underestimated, as in most cases they take place on elements of infrastructure designed for pedestrians and cyclists, and thus negatively affect the sense of safety of users in places where they should not only feel safe but also comfortable. This paper presents an analysis of such traffic incidents, aimed at recognizing the share of pedestrians and cyclists as perpetrators and also victims of accidents. Three research hypotheses were examined: that the type of infrastructure and also light and weather conditions influences the structure of perpetrators and victims, that the proportion of accidents between pedestrians and cyclists caused by pedestrians is increasing, and that the proportion of victims of accidents between pedestrians and cyclists in the pedestrian group is de-creasing. Analyses were performed based on the number of traffic incidents involving cyclists and pedestrians in the six largest Polish cities, registered in the Police Accident and Collision Records System. A total of 1,702 incidents involving 1,034 injured and killed people in years 2007-2018 were considered. Each traffic incident was considered individually, taking into account changes in perpetrator and victim proportions depending on the type and purpose of the infrastructure and external conditions, as well as variability of these proportions over subsequent years. The tools of mathematical statistics were used, including – among others - significance tests for independent proportions and Chi-squared test for trend. On the basis of the conducted statistical analyses, all research hypothesis were proved. It also confirmed that although the proportions are changing, there are still much more traffic incidents are caused by cyclists, but more victims are in group of pedestrians. The results of the research confirm the need to take action to develop effective mechanisms of mutual interaction between pedestri-ans and cyclists. Especially in view of the growing bicycle traffic in Polish cities.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Traffic accidents involving pedestrians"

Stewart, Douglas Lunan. „Safety implications of driver misperception in road accidents involving child pedestrians“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358258.

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Accidents to child pedestrians are usually blamed on their inexperience and carelessness. This thesis proposes instead that the main problem is a form of driver error, overestimation of time-to-collision. When drivers have to make critical decisions about braking, time-to-collision may be much longer than can be reliably judged from optic flow. They therefore have to obtain time-to-collision indirectly from distance and speed. The main cue for distance is familiar size, so if a driver tends to misperceive a child as a larger person at a greater distance, he would overestimate time-to-collision. Risk of accident would therefore increase. That hypothesis is supported by a new collision simulation, which replicates a braking manoeuvre. An experiment based on the simulation supports the hypothesis, and allows influences on accidents to be predicted. These are tested from national accident statistics, which indicate that over half of all child pedestrian casualties would not occur but for this driver error. Several remedial measures are proposed. The experiment not only supports that hypothesis. It also suggests that the cognitive process by which time-to-collision is obtained from optic flow differs from that generally assumed - processing angular distance and angular velocity by the algorithm θ/θ. An alternative algorithm 2theta/θis proposed, where θ is angular acceleration, which provides the same value of time-to-collision without the need for angular distance. The new algorithm is supported by further experiment, and provides an understanding of situations which were difficult to reconcile with the θ/θ hypothesis. Our ability to respond to moving objects which are very small, of variable shape, visible only briefly, or changing speed, becomes more understandable. Though primarily related to pedestrian safety, therefore, the work reported in this thesis could have far wider application.

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Maxera, Pavel. „Analýza chování řidiče při řešení situací spojených s přecházením chodců přes vozovku“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445182.

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The doctoral thesis analyses driver’s conduct while solving situations associated with crossing of pedestrians across the road in cases of various design of pedestrian crossings and at different conditions. The thesis deepens the knowledge of the human factor impact on the occurrence of a traffic accident involved vehicle and pedestrian and thesis also complements knowledge for the needs of the analysis of traffic accidents, especially in solving the pre collision phase and at assessment of possibilities for collision prevention by involved participants. The thesis deals with driver’s conduct, various models of the conduct as well as the thesis focuses on the visual perception, the process of information processing, the driver’s conduct and the reaction time. In terms of the solution suitable types of experiments were designed and implemented. Based on performed measurements a method of processing and evaluating data on drivers’ conduct was found as well as more significant data set was obtained for a detailed analysis of drivers' conduct in different driving situations. The assessed quantities of drivers' conduct were analysed with respect to the dangerousness of driving situations. For these purposes, the categories of the dangerousness of driving situations were defined (situations completely safe, with increased danger, dangerous and critical), into which the analysed driving situations were subsequently included. To enable the quantification of this classification of situations into the categories of the dangerousness, the coefficient of the dangerousness (so called K) was defined. From the detailed analysis of the obtained data, the limit values of this coefficient were determined, and these were subsequently verified using data from the solution of real traffic accidents. Concurrently the analysis verified the suitability of using this hazard coefficient in the analysis of traffic accidents, especially for a detailed assessment of the possibilities of collision prevention.

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Doležalová, Lucie. „Zvyšování bezpečnosti chodců v silničním provozu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316896.

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My thesis is engaged in increasing safety of pedestrians in urban traffic. My work analyses cases of accidents in a specific area and attitudes and experiences of pedestrians as well as local inhabitants. The aim of my work is to map an accident rate – a case study and formation of applicable measures in the town Třeboň, thus in an urban area. The first part of my work is engaged in theory, which is divided in used proper terminology in accordance with the law followed by a universal view of issues of traffic and their safety. The empirical part of my work then examines analysis of dangerous places in a selected locality. These places were chosen on the base on a questionnaire survey among local residents with the goal to point out these dangerous places by actual traffic accidents in the town Třeboň. It is necessary to determine applicable measures in dangerous places from particular traffic accidents and thus to help increasing safety of pedestrians in a given place. Because of acquisition of necessary data, analysis of documents, a questionnaire survey and subsequent evaluation of results is used in my work. In conclusion I evaluated results and created a draft measure.

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Pringle, Susan Mary. „Automobility and injury inequality : road safety for a diverse society“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6378.

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Most knowledge of road accidents patterns derives from datasets. Heightened risk of involvement in road accidents can be shown to be associated with, inter alia, membership of minority ethnic groups and poverty. In addition, males are involved in a greater number of road accidents than are females. Very little work has been done to explain why these patterns should occur or why some places are linked to a greater risk of road accidents for specific groups of road users. This thesis adopts qualitative methodologies to examine reasons for the apparent over-representation in road accidents of Black teenage male pedestrians living in London, an exercise that not only suggests why Black teenagers should be over-represented in datasets but identifies factors that may explain the dynamics behind many accidents in road space. The thesis focuses on the nature of road space as social space, and a road accident as a unique event that is brought into being through an interaction between users as they meet, each user importing his or her own expectations, feelings and interpretations to the experience. Data are used to argue that no one road user independently ‘causes' a road accident and the thesis concludes that an apparently higher rate of road accidents involving Black teenagers is a function of the constructed social space of the road. Rather than anything intrinsic to the individual, the circumstances of a road accident involving a Black teenage pedestrian can reveal many tensions that underpin society. The final chapter proposes a variety of ways of tackling road accidents, concluding that to be effective, road safety programmes should be developed for diverse societies or communities, rather than discrete groups within communities.

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Nteziyaremye, Pascal. „Understanding pedestrian crossing behaviour : a case study in the Western Cape, South Africa“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80368.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Road traffic accidents have been a global concern facing all countries. Approximately 1.2 million people are killed annually as a result of traffic accidents and 50 million are injured. More than 90 percent of road fatalities occur in the developing world which has only 48 percent of the world’s registered vehicles. Beyond the problem of road fatalities, road traffic accidents result in disability and long term injury. They also cause considerable economic losses to victims and their families and damage properties and infrastructures. In South Africa, pedestrian fatalities account for about 40 percent of all road traffic accidents. Behaviour patterns of both pedestrians and motorists at pedestrian crossings are the main influential factors of pedestrian accidents. This study investigates behaviour patterns of pedestrians negotiating different types of crossing facilities in the town of Stellenbosch, in South Africa. A total number of 17 pedestrian crossings were selected for the study on the basis of their geometric and operational characteristics. Video-based observations together with on-street interviews were used to understand crossing behaviour patterns, namely pedestrian walking speed, pedestrian delay, gaze behaviour, pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, pedestrian compliance with road traffic rules and gap-acceptance behaviour. Results of the study showed that male pedestrians walk more than female pedestrians. The 15th percentile crossing speed for all pedestrians observed while crossing was found to be 1.13 m/s whereas the mean crossing speed was found to be 1.48 m/s. Demographic variables appeared to significantly influence pedestrian walking speed. Male and younger pedestrians exhibited higher walking speeds than female and older pedestrians. Pedestrian walking speed was also found to be affected by group size, encumbrance, type of pedestrian facility and distraction while walking. However, no effects of conflicts and the presence of a pedestrian refuge on pedestrian walking speed were found in this study. A mean total delay of 5.10 seconds was found in this study. Male and younger pedestrians experienced shorter delay compared to female and older pedestrians. The type of pedestrian facility and traffic signals during which pedestrians arrived at the kerb and crossed appeared to be other influential factors of pedestrian delay. With regard to gaze behaviour, an average number of head movements ranged from 2 to 5 at the kerb and from 3 to 5 while crossing. Conflicts with motorists peaked where crossing distances were longer and traffic volume was heavy. A red light violation ranging from 82 to 87 percent was observed in this study and on-street surveys indicated that beliefs and attitudes towards traffic control devices and traffic environment significantly explained pedestrians’ unsafe crossing behaviour. The calculated critical gap and critical lag ranged from 2.19 to 3.90 seconds and the effect of crossing distance on gap-acceptance emerged in this study. Possible interventions are finally suggested.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Padongelukke is 'n wêreldwye probleem wat al die lande in die gesig staar. Ongeveer 1,2 miljoen mense sterf jaarliks as 'n gevolg van verkeersongelukke en 50 miljoen word beseer. Meer as 90 persent van padsterftes kom voor in die ontwikkelende wêreld met slegs 48 persent van die wêreld se geregistreerde voertuie. Bo en behalwe die probleem van padsterftes, het padongelukke gestremdheid en lang termyn beserings tot gevolg. Dit veroorsaak ook aansienlike ekonomiese verliese vir die slagoffers en hul gesinne en skade aan eiendomme en infrastruktuur. In Suid-Afrika is voetgangersterftes verantwoordelik vir sowat 40% van alle padongelukke. Gedragspatrone van beide voetgangers en motoriste by voetoorgange is die belangrikste bepalende faktore van voetganger-ongelukke. Hierdie studie ondersoek gedragspatrone van voetgangers by verskillende tipes kruisings in die dorp van Stellenbosch Suid-Afrika. ŉ Totale aantal van 17 voetoorgange is gekies vir die studie op die basis van hul geometriese en operasionele eienskappe. Video-gebaseerde waarnemings saam met op-straat onderhoude is gebruik om kruising-gedragspatrone, naamlik voetganger stapspoed, voetganger vertraging, kyk gedrag, voetganger-voertuig konflikte, voetganger nakoming van padverkeersreëls en gaping-aanvaarding gedrag te verstaan. Resultate van die studie het getoon dat manlike voetgangers vinniger loop as vroulike voetgangers. Die 15de persentiel kruising spoed vir alle voetgangers waargeneem binne kruisings was 1,13 m/s, terwyl die gemiddelde kruising spoed 1,48 m/s is. Demografiese veranderlikes beïnvloed voetgangers loop-spoed. Manlik en jonger voetgangers loop vinniger as vroulike en ouer voetgangers. Voetgangers loop-spoed word ook geraak deur die grootte van die groep, die dra van items, die tipe voetganger-fasiliteit en afleiding terwyl geloop word. Daar is egter geen gevolge van konflikte op voetgangers loop-spoed in hierdie studie gevind nie. 'n Gemiddelde totale vertraging van 5,10 sekondes is in hierdie studie gevind. Manlik en jonger voetgangers ervaar korter vertraging in vergelyking met die vroulike en ouer voetgangers. Die tipe voetgangerfasiliteit en verkeerseine was ander invloedryke faktore van voetganger vertraging. Vir waarneming van die verkeer is gevind dat die gemiddelde aantal kopbewegings gewissel het van 2 tot 5 teen die randsteen en van 3 tot 5, tydens die kruising. Konflikte met motoriste het ŉ hoogtepunt bereik waar kruising afstande langer en verkeersvolume hoër was. Rooi lig oortredings wat wissel van 82 tot 87 persent is in hierdie studie waargeneem en op-straat opnames het aangedui dat houdings teenoor verkeer-beheer toestelle en die verkeersomgewing die voetgangers se onveilige kruising-gedrag verduidelik. Die berekende kritiese gaping het gewissel van 2,19 tot 3,90 sekondes en die effek van die kruisinglengte op gaping-aanvaarding het in hierdie studie na vore gekom. Moontlike intervensies word voorgestel.

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Hobday, Michelle Bridget. „The epidemiology of motor vehicle collisions involving pedestrians in eThekwini Municipality, 2001-2006“. Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1107.

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Introduction Road traffic collisions in developing countries contribute towards the greatest burden of disabilities and fatalities globally. Concern has arisen about the high proportion of pedestrians involved in collisions in South Africa. Aim This study describes the epidemiology of motor vehicle collisions involving pedestrians in eThekwini Municipality from 2001 to 2006, aiming to identify opportunities for prevention and informing policy. Methods An analytic cross-sectional study design was used. Data was obtained from the eThekwini Transport Authority database (police accident reports), and the Nationallnjury Mortality Surveillance System (mortuary reports). Exposure variables included pedestrian and drivers' demographics and collision environment. Death and injury were the outcome variables measured. Population data was obtained from Statistics South Africa. Results Pedestrians' injuries decreased from 7 445 to 6 288 (incidence risk: 241 to 193 per 100 000) from 200 I to 2006. Annual case fatality rose from 4.9% (366 deaths in 200 I) to 6.8% (430 deaths in 2006). Child pedestrians aged 5 to 9 years had a 77% increased risk of injury relative to other children. The fatality risk ratio of male to female pedestrians was 3.8 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.7 to 9.3). Male drivers aged 30 to 34 years had a 68% increased collision risk relative to all other male drivers and eight times (Incidence risk ratio: 8.0; 95% Confidence Interval: 6.2 to 10.3) the risk of female drivers. Only 3.4% of collisions occurred on freeways but accounted for 19.6% of pedestrian fatalities. Few (1.5%) collisions involving pedestrians occurred at night in unlit conditions but constituted more than four times the number of fatalities as number of collisions in these conditions.
Thesis (MMed.)- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

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Liu, Ying-Chun, und 劉盈君. „Analysis on Types and Factors of Fatal Traffic Accidents Involving College Students“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02002459190737996987.

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碩士
國立交通大學
運輸科技與管理學系
96
Logistic regression and rough set theory are applied to analyze the relation between types and factors of fatal traffic accidents involving college students in the study. A sample of over 200 accident cases is included. The data are classified into freshman and non-freshman accident according to the grade of the students. Chi-squared test of independence is used first to identify key factors affecting accident types, and then logistic regression model is constructed to determine the odds of being involved in a single vehicle accident. Besides, rough set theory is utilized to propose accident casual chains which imply the logical links between factors and accident types. The results show that students’ vehicle and psychological conditions and road types are three significant factors which have great influences on accident types. Freshman is more likely to be involved in a single vehicle accident when he/she drives a car, while non-freshman is less likely to be involved when he/she is in good condition or on an intersection. Moreover, the frequently-occurred single vehicle accident patterns are found: freshman in good condition drives/rides on a straight road in the suburbs; non-freshman with motorcycle license is tired while driving/riding deep in the night.

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Bulbulia, Abdulsamed. „Childhood pedestrian mortality in Johannesburg, South Africa : magnitude, determinants and neighbourhood characteristics“. Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20240.

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Child pedestrian injury and mortality is an issue of significant public health concern in the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng, in South Africa. Since there is a paucity of studies in the last decade or more on fatal childhood traffic and non-traffic injuries in Johannesburg, this study aspires to address the disproportion in this domain of research, and provide more recent, and comprehensive empirical evidence over a ten-year period. The overarching aim of this study was to describe and examine the magnitude, circumstances, and neighbourhood characteristics of fatal pedestrian injuries among children (0-14 years) in Johannesburg for the period from 2001 to 2010. More specifically, the objectives of the study were: firstly, to provide a comprehensive epidemiological description of the magnitude, trends and occurrence of pedestrian mortality among children; secondly, to describe and examine the epidemiology of child pedestrian mortality in relation to children as motor vehicle passengers; thirdly, to describe and examine child pedestrian mortality in relation to non-traffic injuries, in particular, burns and drowning; and fourthly, to assess the influence of neighbourhood characteristics on child pedestrian mortality. The study conceptualised pedestrian road safety within an ecological systems framework. The study used quantitative descriptive, and multivariate logistic regression methods of analysis to examine child pedestrian mortality data. The study drew on data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) and the Census 2001. The main findings indicated that black, male children aged 5 to 9 years (11.02/100 000) are the most vulnerable, and that mortality occurred predominantly during the afternoons and early evenings (12h00-16h00 and 16h00-21h00), over weekends, during school holidays, and to a lesser extent, during non-holiday months. In addition, neighbourhood characteristics that reflected concentrations of disadvantage, single female-headed households and residentially stable areas were associated with child pedestrian mortality. The study findings highlight the need for critical action in terms of investment in child pedestrian safety research, and appropriate prevention initiatives guided by stringent evidenced-based studies, and the design of safe pedestrian, vehicular and urban environments.
Psychology
D. Phil. (Psychology)

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Bücher zum Thema "Traffic accidents involving pedestrians"

Hardy, B. J. A study of accidents involving bull bar equipped vehicles. Crowthorne, Berkshire: Transport Research Laboratory, 1996.

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Victoria. Parliament. Road Safety Committee. Inquiry into crashes involving roadside objects: Report of the Road Safety Committee on the inquiry into crashes involving roadside objects. [Melbourne]: Victorian Govt. Printer, 2005.

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Leaf, W. A. Literature review on vehicle traffic speeds and pedestrian injuries. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1999.

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Kopits, Elizabeth. Why have traffic fatalities declined in industrialized countries ? implications for pedestrians and vehicle occupants. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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Subramanian, Rajesh. Analysis of crashes involving 15-passenger vans. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2004.

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Lawson, S. D. Accidents to youngpedestrians: Distributions, circumstances, consequences and scope for countermeasures. Basingstoke: AA Foundation for Road Safety Research and Birmingham City Council, 1990.

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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar. Litigating automobile accidents involving roadway defects. Mechanicsburg, PA: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2009.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, Hrsg. Accident reconstruction: Automobiles, tractor-semitrailers, motorcycles, and pedestrians. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1987.

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Best, David. Following fatal pursuit: An investigation of serious Road Traffic Incidents (RTIs) involving the police, 2001-2002. London: Police Complaints Authority, 2004.

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Stoke, Charles B. The pedestrian in the transportation system: Legislation for improved traffic safety : a report to the governor and General Assembly of Virginia in response to House Joint Resolution no. 419. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 1990.

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Mehr Quellen

Buchteile zum Thema "Traffic accidents involving pedestrians"

Czech, Piotr. „Physically Disabled Pedestrians—Road Users in Terms of Road Accidents“. In Contemporary Challenges of Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering, 157–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43985-3_14.

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Raybould, Simon, und Sean Walsh. „Road Traffic Accidents Involving Children in North-East England“. In The GeoJournal Library, 181–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-31560-7_12.

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Srinivasan, Sumeeta. „The Potential for Rail Transit as a Way to Mitigate Accident Risk“. In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 23–39. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0084-1.ch002.

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The city of Chennai has made road accident data available with the address location of road accidents and the total numbers of persons and pedestrians affected in the accident in 2009. These data were geocoded to locate the accidents with respect to the census wards within the Chennai Corporation area. Both the total number of persons as well as pedestrians in accidents as well as the rate of accidents normalized by population in the ward were modeled as dependent variables using Poisson based regression models to see the effect of location characteristics such as road length, vehicle traffic, proximity to existing and proposed transit infrastructure and the percentage of the land developed between 1991-2009. The results from the models suggest that location does indeed affect the risk for accidents in Chennai and that planners in the city may need to better understand the implications of roads, urban development, transit access and the built environment for traffic safety.

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Sun, Jun. „A model of avoiding traffic accidents between drivers and pedestrians in signalized intersections in VANETs“. In Civil Engineering and Urban Planning IV, 921–26. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19880-175.

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„Applying Decision Tree Approaches on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes“. In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 67–101. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch004.

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In the Melbourne metropolitan area in Australia, an average of 34 pedestrians were killed in traffic accidents every year between 2004 and 2013, and vehicle-pedestrian crashes accounted for 24% of all fatal crashes. Mid-block crashes accounted for 46% of the total pedestrian crashes in the Melbourne metropolitan area and 49% of the pedestrian fatalities occurred at mid-blocks. Many studies have examined factors contributing to the frequency and severity of vehicle-pedestrian crashes. While many of the studies have chosen to focus on crashes at intersections, few studies have focussed on vehicle-pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. Since the factors contributing to vehicle crashes at intersections and mid-blocks are significantly different, more research needs to be done to develop a model for vehicle-pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. In order to identify factors contributing to the severity of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, three models using different decision trees (DTs) were developed. To improve the accuracy, stability, and robustness of the DTs, bagging and boosting techniques were used in this chapter. The results of this study show that the boosting technique improves the accuracy of individual DT models by 46%. Moreover, the results of boosting DTs (BDTs) show that neighbourhood social characteristics are as important as traffic and infrastructure variables in influencing the severity of pedestrian crashes.

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Jha, Pooja, und K. Sridhar Patnaik. „Self-Driving Cars“. In Handbook of Research on Emerging Trends and Applications of Machine Learning, 490–507. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9643-1.ch023.

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Human errors are the main cause of vehicle crashes. Self-driving cars bear the promise to significantly reduce accidents by taking the human factor out of the equation, while in parallel monitor the surroundings, detect and react immediately to potentially dangerous situations and driving behaviors. Artificial intelligence tool trains the computers to do things like detect lane lines and identify cyclists by showing them millions of examples of the subject at hand. The chapter in this book discusses the technological advancement in transportation. It also covers the autonomy used according to The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The functional architecture of self-driving cars is further discussed. The chapter also talks about two algorithms for detection of lanes as well as detection of vehicles on the road for self-driving cars. Next, the ethical discussions surrounding the autonomous vehicle involving stakeholders, technologies, social environments, and costs vs. quality have been discussed.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Traffic accidents involving pedestrians"

Okraszewska, Romanika, Kazimierz Jamroz, Marek Bauer, Krystian Birr und Anna Gobis. „Identification of Risk Factors for Collisions Involving Cyclists Based on Gdansk Example“. In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.112.

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The role of pedestrian and bicycle traffic in Poland has growing trend. The comprehensive traffic study, conducted in Gdansk in 2016, has confirmed the increase in the number of cyclists and their share in the modal split. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the safety of this group of unprotected road users. Only in 2015 on the roads of Gdansk occurred 93 accidents (excluding collisions) involving cyclists. As a result, 101 people were injured, including nine seriously and 3 people killed. The study aim was to identify risk factors for collisions involving cyclists based on data of accidents reported to the police. The following factors were analysed: the conditions for the drivers on the road (speed limits of, surface conditions), conditions for cyclists (cycling infrastructure, traffic management), external conditions (time of the year, time of the day, weather conditions), conditions organizational (type of intersection, traffic light) as well as the social aspects – the behaviour of all users.

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Arakawa, Hitoshi, Shuichi Enokida, Toyohiro Hayashi, Masashi Ishikawa und Eitaku Nobuyama. „Development of Event Data Recorder for Pedestrians for analysis of traffic accidents“. In 2011 Fifth International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2011.6137041.

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Kelemen, Miroslav, Nikita Bobrov, Ján Mandelík und Peter Havaj. „Parametrization of injuries by the FORTIS system at solving traffic accidents with pedestrians“. In Annual International Conference on Forensic Sciences & Criminalistics Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5642_fscr14.34.

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Miao, Mingyue, und Yanqun Yang. „A Statistical Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents Involving Children in Beijing“. In 17th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480915.436.

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Oikawa, Shoko, Toshiya Hirose, Shigeru Aomura und Yasuhiro Matsui. „Traffic Accidents Involving Cyclists Identifying Causal Factors Using Questionnaire Survey, Traffic Accident Data, and Real-World Observation“. In 60TH Stapp Car Crash Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-22-0008.

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Krivda, Vladislav. „TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OF PEDESTRIANS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AFTER THE CHANGE OF THE METHODICS OF ACCIDENT MONITORING“. In 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016. Stef92 Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b21/s08.114.

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Pashkevich, Maria, Anna Krasilnikova und Dago Antov. „Method for Pedestrian Crossing Risk Assessment and Safety Level Determination: the Case Study of Tallinn“. In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4124.

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Pedestrians are a part of vulnerable road users which safety requires a special attention. Official statistics in Estonia from the last decade returns the following numbers: around 30 % of all road traffic accidents in the country were accidents with pedestrians, 32 % of all traffic fatalities were finished with pedestrian death. Pedestrian crossing has the biggest risk level between all kinds of pedestrian facilities, because it includes a direct conflict point between vehicle and pedestrian traffics. The article presents a method to assess risk of pedestrian crossing users and to determine safety level of this road infrastructure element. This approach is based on observation and collection of infrastructural as well as traffic data, which includes: (1) information about each pedestrian crossing facility, its location and state, (2) data about accidents with pedestrians and their features, (3) data from road traffic measurements. The main advantages of the described method are universality and comprehensiveness. The case study was done in Kristiine district of the city Tallinn, which was chosen as the most typical average district of Estonian capital. Results of this study are also presented in the article.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4124

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Moustafa, Moustafa, B. Serpil Acar und Memis Acar. „The Role of Placental Locations on Fetus Mortality in Road Traffic Accidents“. In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82738.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of placental location on the risk of placental abruption in road traffic accidents involving a pregnant driver. Placental abruption accounts for around 50–70% of fetal deaths in motor vehicle accidents. The computational pregnant occupant model, ‘Expecting’, which has a multi-body fetus and a finite element uterus model was developed at Loughborough University and is used in this investigation. The placenta is located in the upper region of the uterus near the fundus in ‘Expecting’. Four locations for the placenta; anterior, posterior, lateral left, lateral right cases are modelled and used in simulations in this study. These models are used to simulate a range of frontal impacts of severity 15 kph and 30 kph. Three cases of occupant restraint: three-point seatbelt with an airbag, three-point seatbelt only and airbag only conditions are investigated. The maximum strains developed in the uterus and utero-placental interface (UPI) have been estimated and compared for these scenarios in order to investigate placental abruption that leads to fetal loss. Placenta located at anterior position is found to be at higher risk than other positions considered.

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Gonzalo Orden, Hernán. „Traffic calming measures and their effect on the variation of speed“. In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4217.

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In recent years the number of deaths and serious injuries is decreasing in Spain, but, although the reduction outside the cities has been very strong, inside the urban areas, it has been smaller. This is especially hard if you look at the most vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. In many accidents the speed factor appears closely linked not only to the number, but also to the severity of the accidents suffered inside the urban areas. Therefore, a reduction in the speed would improve the road safety. There are different measures known as "traffic calming measures" whose objectives are to reduce both the number and severity of accidents that occur on urban areas, by reducing the traffic flow through the streets, as well as the speed of the vehicles. However, the efficiency in speed reduction of each measure is not entirely known. That's the reason why they are implanted, in many cases, with no technical basis. The aim of this article is to show the effectiveness in reducing speed of some of the traffic calming measures. To this effect, field measurements were done on street sections with different types of traffic calming measures, in different places of a city of Burgos, in the north of Spain. These measurements were compared with other ones sited on other streets sections of similar characteristics but without traffic calming measures. Finally the conclusions are shown and some recommendations for improving their effectiveness are given.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4217

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Hofbauer, John. „Improve Safety at Highway Crossings Through Predictive Behavior and Innovative Technologies“. In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1317.

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The science and technology used in highway crossings in the United States and around the world have come a long way from a single flagman sitting in a booth, equipped with a red flag or lantern in his hand, to clear tracks and stop pedestrians, horses, and or a motor coaches for an approaching train to a fully automatic warning system requiring limited monthly testing. Today’s highway crossings are monitored by railways and municipalities such that, any changes in railway or roadway traffic conditions can be scrutinized. These changes, an increase in train or vehicle traffic, may trigger the need for additional protection devices to be implemented to make highway crossings safer for all; passing trains, motorists and pedestrians. But, are these requirements enough to eliminate accidents. Historically speaking, these accidents range from; failures with the activation of the warning system; distracted motorists or motorists not willing to comply to the warning; pedestrians rushing to beat the train while underestimating the trains speed or; fully knowing and willing to not stop at the flashing lights and gates and willing to take the risk and go around flashing gates. This paper will investigate the current and future technologies that are being tested and implemented on highway crossings as well as look into the predictive behavior of motorists and pedestrians as they approach crossings and how changes can be implemented to maximize the effectiveness of a highway crossing. Key elements from various studies will be included that have been suggested through analyzing driver’s behavior at highway crossings, as well as the additional technologies that have and can be implemented to provide additional warnings to alert motorist of trains approaching.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Traffic accidents involving pedestrians"

MacKenzie, Cheryl. Traffic Safety Involving Bicycles Tricycles Carts and Pedestrians (LL-2020-001). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1604524.

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