Zeitschriftenartikel: „Traditional medicine – Northwest, Pacific“

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Jovel, Eduardo M., Xi Ling Zhou, Dong Sheng Ming, Tanya R. Wahbe und G. H. Neil Towers. „Bioactivity-guided isolation of the active compounds from Rosa nutkana and quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid by HPLCThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.“ Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, Nr. 9 (September 2007): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-053.

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Rosa nutkana Presl. (Rosaceae) is distributed abundantly throughout central and southern areas of British Columbia, Canada. Aboriginal people in the Pacific Northwest have traditionally used R. nutkana as a food, medicine, and source of cultural material. The methanolic extract of the fruits of R. nutkana was previously found to have inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In our study, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract from R. nutkana led to the isolation of the following 10 compounds: (i) tormentic acid, (ii) euscaphic acid, (iii) ursolic acid, (iv) maslinic acid, (v) quercetin, (vi) catechin gallate, (vii) quercetin-3-O-glucoside, (viii) 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucoside, (ix) l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and (x) 1,6-digalloyl-β-d-glucoside. Structures were elucidated by ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance data, as well as by comparison with those of the literature. The compounds quercetin, catechin gallate, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucoside, and 1,6-digalloyl-β-d-glucoside exhibited weak antibacterial activity against MRSA. Our research demonstrates the value of traditional knowledge held by Aboriginal people in the Pacific Northwest with respect to uses of R. nutkana. Some described uses in the ethnobotanical literature correspond to activities observed under laboratory conditions. Further work on British Columbia Rosa spp. may contribute to identifying other potential therapeutic uses.

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Johnson, Lon. „1055 PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF SPICES, TEA HERBS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST“. HortScience 29, Nr. 5 (Mai 1994): 579f—579. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.579f.

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Concurrent with the development of the U.S. market for certified organically-grown produce, there has been a growth in the production and marketing of organically-grown botanicals. This activity has been centered in the Pacific Northwest for the past 20 years. The current global market for biologically-grown botanicals has been stimulated by public interest in alternative and traditional plant-based medicines. Trout Lake Farm has organized efforts to stimulate the production and marketing of medicinal plants and spices. The efforts include R&D, growing methodologies, quality assurance, drying, and processing. Research of many ornamentals has revealed potential uses for them other than strictly ornamental. Cultivation is necessary to avoid extirpation of fragile and threatened wild medicinals. The use of organic growing practices is necessary, particularly for specialty crops which have no EPA level inclusions for pesticides. Increasing domestic production of temperate and subtropical herbs and spices helps reduce U.S. imports.

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Fialkowski, Marie K., Megan A. McCrory, Sparkle M. Roberts, J. Kathleen Tracy, Lynn M. Grattan und Carol J. Boushey. „Dietary patterns are associated with dietary recommendations but have limited relationship to BMI in the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort“. Public Health Nutrition 15, Nr. 10 (21.02.2012): 1948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000122.

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AbstractObjectiveTraditional food systems in indigenous groups have historically had health-promoting benefits. The objectives of the present study were to determine if a traditional dietary pattern of Pacific Northwest Tribal Nations (PNwT) could be derived using reduced rank regression and if the pattern would be associated with lower BMI and current Dietary Reference Intakes.DesignThe baseline data from the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort were used to derive dietary patterns for the total sample and those with plausibly reported energy intakes.SettingPacific Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA.SubjectsAdult PNwT members of the CoASTAL cohort with laboratory-measured weight and height and up to 4 d of dietary records (n418).ResultsA traditional dietary pattern did not evolve from the analysis. Moderate consumption of a sweet drinks dietary pattern was associated with lower BMI while higher consumption of a vegetarian-based dietary pattern was associated with higher BMI. The highest consumers of the vegetarian-based dietary pattern were almost six times more likely to meet the recommendations for dietary fibre.ConclusionsDistinct dietary patterns were found. Further exploration is needed to confirm whether the lack of finding a traditional pattern is due to methodology or the loss of a traditional dietary pattern among this population. Longitudinal assessment of the CoASTAL cohort's dietary patterns needs to continue.

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LaBeau, Kathleen M., Marianne Simon und Steven J. Steindel. „Quality Control of Test Systems Waived by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988“. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, Nr. 8 (01.08.2000): 1122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1122-qcotsw.

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Abstract Context.—Recent advances in laboratory testing technology have resulted in a rapidly increasing number of test systems targeted for physician office, point-of-care, and home health care settings. With enhanced error detection mechanisms and unitized reagents, these new systems simplify the testing process and the assessment of analytical test performance. Many also meet the criteria set by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) to qualify as waived test systems, and laboratories using only waived tests are subject to very limited regulatory oversight. Objective.—To evaluate use patterns and perceptions about quality control requirements with respect to waived testing. Design and Setting.—Survey of a network of 431 hospital, independent, and physician office laboratories in the US Pacific Northwest. Results.—Responding laboratories (n = 221) were taking advantage of the availability of waived tests and using them to make definitive diagnoses. We found considerable differences between quality control practices and the laboratories' perceptions of quality control requirements. Most respondents were performing traditional quality control on waived tests, influenced by their interpretation of regulations, the intended use of the test, and the testing personnel employed. Conclusions.—Technology optimized for alternate quality control can represent an improvement in ease of use while meeting expectations for accuracy and providing relief from regulatory burdens. However, laboratory personnel exhibit confusion in applying new quality control systems.

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Poss, James M., Mark E. Boseley und James V. Crawford. „Pacific Northwest Survey“. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 134, Nr. 2 (01.02.2008): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2007.25.

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Mizukami, Iori, Chloé Julie Loïs Fourreau, Sakine Matsuo und James Davis Reimer. „Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters“. PeerJ 10 (19.07.2022): e13720. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13720.

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Species of the genus Peronia Fleming, 1822, are air-breathing onchidiid sea slugs that inhabit intertidal reef flats of temperate to tropical zones. In the Ryukyu Islands of southern subtropical Japan, Peronia species are a traditional food source for local people. To date, there have been three species recorded around Okinawajima Island; P. verruculata and P. peronii, along with recently described P. okinawensis, which was described as possibly endemic to Okinawajima Island. This study aimed to map the distribution ranges of these three Peronia species within the Ryukyu Islands using molecular analyses in order to understand the specific distribution of each species. Since Peronia species are generally indistinguishable by gross external morphology, a DNA barcoding approach was employed to identify specimens. The molecular data showed that there are four species present in the Ryukyu Islands. P. verruculata (unit #1 sensu Dayrat et al., 2020) was dominant at almost all locations, while P. peronii was present in much lower numbers than P. verruculata, but found across a relatively wide range in the Ryukyu Islands. We newly record P. okinawensis and P. setoensis from Amami Oshima Island and from several places around Okinawajima Island, and also identified high levels of genetic variation within P. setoensis. Peronia okinawensis and P. setoensis have been thought to be endemic to Okinawajima Island and to Honshu, mainland Japan, respectively. However, as both species were observed around Okinawajima and Amami Oshima islands, other islands of the Ryukyus are also likely to harbor these species, and their distribution ranges are wider than previously thought. Based on the results from molecular analyses, we provide general descriptions of each species. Sizes of specimens were consistently smaller for P. setoensis and relatively larger for P. peronii specimens. On the other hand, P. verruculata and P. okinawensis had similar size ranges, but P. okinawensis had comparatively much more distinct papillae. This study revealed that the Ryukyu Islands are the only region currently known with four sympatric Peronia species, and this work provides a basis for future research on these Peronia species throughout the northwest Pacific Ocean, representing the first step in more effective management of the local Peronia fisheries in the Ryukyu Islands.

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Glawe, Dean A. „First Report of Powdery Mildew of Lycium chinense (Chinese Matrimony Vine) Caused by Arthrocladiella mougeotii in the Pacific Northwest“. Plant Health Progress 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2004-1208-01-hn.

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Chinese matrimony-vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) is a traditional medicinal plant grown in China and used as a perennial landscape plant in North America. This report documents the presence of powdery mildew on L. chinense in the Pacific Northwest and describes and illustrates morphological features of the causal agent. It appears to be the first report of a powdery mildew caused by Arthrocladiella in the Pacific Northwest. Accepted for publication 10 November 2004. Published 8 December 2004.

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Tomalin, Marcus. „Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Missionary Linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast“. Historiographia Linguistica 35, Nr. 1-2 (07.03.2008): 83–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.35.1-2.06tom.

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Summary This article reconsiders various aspects of missionary linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast in the late 19th century. In particular, it explores the complex relationship between Alfred Hall’s (1853–1918) A Grammar of the Kwagiutl Language (1888) and Charles Harrison’s (d.1926) Haida Grammar (1895), and it is shown that, in many cases, both the basic analytical framework and the clarificatory examples that Harrison used were largely derived from Hall’s work. Such connections have not been recognised previously, and yet they are of importance, since they indicate that traditional Graeco-Roman categories and paradigms were not the only templates used by missionaries who were seeking to analyse the indigenous languages of North America. In addition, Hall’s and Harrison’s accounts of numerals in Kwak’wala and Haida (respectively) are reassessed, and it is suggested that their analyses were influenced by the classificatory approaches presented in contemporaneous studies of non-Western languages (e.g., Japanese).

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Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Craig Baker-Austin, Jessica L. Jones, Anna E. Newton, Gladys D. Gonzalez-Aviles und Angelo DePaola. „Spread of Pacific Northwest Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain“. New England Journal of Medicine 369, Nr. 16 (17.10.2013): 1573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc1305535.

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Wood, Nathan J., und James W. Good. „Perceptions of Earthquake and Tsunami Issues in U.S. Pacific Northwest Port and Harbor Communities“. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 23, Nr. 3 (November 2005): 103–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700502300305.

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Although there is considerable energy focused on assessing natural hazards associated with earthquakes and tsunamis in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, little has been done to understand societal vulnerability to these hazards. Part of understanding societal vulnerability includes assessing the perceptions and priorities of public sector individuals with traditional emergency management responsibilities and of private citizens who could play key roles in community recovery. In response to this knowledge gap, we examine earthquake and tsunami perceptions of stakeholders and decision makers from coastal communities in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, focusing on perceptions of (1) regional hazards and societal vulnerability, (2) the current state of readiness, and (3) priorities for future hazard adjustment efforts. Results of a mailed survey suggest that survey participants believe that earthquakes and tsunamis are credible community threats. Most communities are focusing on regional mitigation and response planning, with less effort devoted to recovery plans or to making individual organizations more resilient. Significant differences in expressed perceptions and priorities were observed between Oregon and Washington respondents, mainly on tsunami issues. Significant perception differences were also observed between private and public sector respondents. Our results suggest the need for further research and for outreach and planning initiatives in the Pacific Northwest to address significant gaps in earthquake and tsunami hazard awareness and readiness.

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Zhu, Zhi Xia, und Ke Zhou. „Simulation and Analysis of Ocean Wave in the Northwest Pacific Ocean“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (Oktober 2012): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.430.

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In order to obtain more accurate results than the traditional method of wave statistics，the third-generation ocean wave model WAVEWATCH III (WW3) is applied to simulate the sea wave field of the Northwest Pacific. The model is driven by the QSCAT/NCEP blended winds. Then wave parameters are analyzed by statistical analysis method. The comparison of the significant wave heights between the simulation results and observation data indicates that the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9. Furthermore, a post-processor system which integrates data analysis and graphic display is established. A comprehensive evaluation is presented after analyzing the time and spatial distribution of computational wave heights. During the winter there is a big wave area in the Japan Sea. In the East China Sea, there is a period of relatively big wave in summer. Throughout the year, the average wave height is the maximum in the South China Sea.

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Charnley, Susan, A. Paige Fischer und Eric T. Jones. „Integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest biodiversity conservation in the Pacific Northwest“. Forest Ecology and Management 246, Nr. 1 (Juli 2007): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.047.

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Glavich, Doug, und Linda Geiser. „Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum Vainio in the US Pacific Northwest“. Evansia 21, Nr. 3 (2004): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.346599.

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Ansah, Emmanuella Owusu, und Olga S. Walsh. „Impact of 2021 Drought in the Pacific Northwest“. Crops & Soils 54, Nr. 6 (November 2021): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crso.20145.

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Bradshaw, Lee, Scott MacGregor und Tom Olsen. „Potato by-product feeding in the Pacific Northwest“. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 18, Nr. 2 (Juli 2002): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(02)00014-2.

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Boyd, Vicky. „Managing Plant‐Parasitic Nematodes in Pacific Northwest Potatoes“. Crops & Soils 56, Nr. 4 (Juli 2023): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crso.20297.

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Getzin, Louis, und Carl Shanks. „Enhanced degradation of carbofuran in pacific northwest soils“. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 25, Nr. 4 (August 1990): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601239009372699.

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Marker, Michael. „Geographies of Indigenous Leaders: Landscapes and Mindscapes in the Pacific Northwest“. Harvard Educational Review 85, Nr. 2 (01.06.2015): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.229.

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This essay features three stories of “place-based” leadership in two Indigenous communities in the Pacific Northwest. Author Michael Marker weaves together stories from Nisga'a Elders in the Nass Valley of British Columbia, Coast Salish Elders in Washington State, and his own experiences as a researcher, teacher educator, and community participant to connect the personal, the political, and the historical themes of Indigenous education. Marker identifies two salient concepts through the developing narrative: first, leaders from an Indigenous consciousness must invigorate traditional spiritual foundations, and, second, they must mobilize knowledge of the land and people—corroded by colonization—toward cultural renewal. Bringing to light the conflicts between local community yearnings and Western institutional goals when engaging in cross-cultural collaborations, this essay puts forth a decolonized approach to educational leadership, one that requires cultural renewal and respect for how a people experience landscape, history, and identity. Erratum Publisher's Note: Due to an editing error, the original published version of “Geographies of Indigenous Leaders: Landscapes and Mindscapes in the Pacific Northwest” by Michael Marker misstated the present status of the Lummi Day School. The earlier version stated on page 230 that “This school is currently a U.S. government institution that serves students from kindergarten through eighth grade.” The sentence has been corrected to read: “This school was a U.S. government institution that served students from kindergarten through eighth grade.” Updated: 2015-09-30

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Govindarajan, Annette F., Mary R. Carman, Marat R. Khaidarov, Alexander Semenchenko und John P. Wares. „Mitochondrial diversity inGonionemus(Trachylina:Hydrozoa) and its implications for understanding the origins of clinging jellyfish in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean“. PeerJ 5 (18.04.2017): e3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3205.

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Determining whether a population is introduced or native to a region can be challenging due to inadequate taxonomy, the presence of cryptic lineages, and poor historical documentation. For taxa with resting stages that bloom episodically, determining origin can be especially challenging as an environmentally-triggered abrupt appearance of the taxa may be confused with an anthropogenic introduction. Here, we assess diversity in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences obtained from multiple Atlantic and Pacific locations, and discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the origin of clinging jellyfishGonionemusin the Northwest Atlantic. Clinging jellyfish are known for clinging to seagrasses and seaweeds, and have complex life cycles that include resting stages. They are especially notorious as some, although not all, populations are associated with severe sting reactions. The worldwide distribution ofGonionemushas been aptly called a “zoogeographic puzzle” and our results refine rather than resolve the puzzle. We find a relatively deep divergence that may indicate cryptic speciation betweenGonionemusfrom the Northeast Pacific and Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic. Within the Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic clade, we find haplotypes unique to each region. We also find one haplotype that is shared between highly toxic Vladivostok-area populations and some Northwest Atlantic populations. Our results are consistent with multiple scenarios that involve both native and anthropogenic processes. We evaluate each scenario and discuss critical directions for future research, including improving the resolution of population genetic structure, identifying possible lineage admixture, and better characterizing and quantifying the toxicity phenotype.

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Schinke, Steven P., Robert F. Schilling, Lewayne D. Gilchrist, Marianne Rolland Ashby und Eiji Kitajima. „Pacific Northwest Native American Youth and Smokeless Tobacco Use“. International Journal of the Addictions 22, Nr. 9 (Januar 1987): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088709027466.

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Zhang, Chang-Jiang, Jin-Fang Qian, Lei-Ming Ma und Xiao-Qin Lu. „Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using RVM and DADI Based on Infrared Brightness Temperature“. Weather and Forecasting 31, Nr. 5 (01.10.2016): 1643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0100.1.

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Abstract An objective technique is presented to estimate tropical cyclone intensity using the relevance vector machine (RVM) and deviation angle distribution inhomogeneity (DADI) based on infrared satellite images of the northwest Pacific Ocean basin from China’s FY-2C geostationary satellite. Using this technique, structures of a deviation-angle gradient co-occurrence matrix, which include 15 statistical parameters nonlinearly related to tropical cyclone intensity, were derived from infrared satellite imagery. RVM was then used to relate these statistical parameters to tropical cyclone intensity. Twenty-two tropical cyclones occurred in the northwest Pacific during 2005–09 and were selected to verify the performance of the proposed technique. The results show that, in comparison with the traditional linear regression method, the proposed technique can significantly improve the accuracy of tropical cyclone intensity estimation. The average absolute error of intensity estimation using the linear regression method is between 15 and 29 m s−1. Compared to the linear regression method, the average absolute error of the intensity estimation using RVM is between 3 and 10 m s−1.

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Jialei, Lv, Shi Jian, Zhang Wenjing, Xia Jingmin und Wang Qianhui. „Numerical simulations on waves in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on SWAN models“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2486, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2486/1/012034.

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Abstract Waves are one of the most important dynamic phenomena in the ocean, and thus numerical simulations of ocean wave is of great importance. Based on SWAN wave numerical model, this paper simulates the waves in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and analyzes the wave height field in the sea area. Moreover, A new wave period parameterization scheme is proposed according to the relationship between the wave height and wave period, in addition, the simulation mode of wave period elements in the Northwest Pacific Ocean is optimized by analyzing the difference of wave period under the proposed parameterization scheme.

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Yan, Shengye, Zhendong Zhang und Wei Zheng. „Hierarchical Predictions of Fine-to-Coarse Time Span and Atmospheric Field Reconstruction for Typhoon Track Prediction“. Atmosphere 15, Nr. 5 (16.05.2024): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050605.

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The prediction of typhoon tracks in the Northwest Pacific is key to reducing human casualties and property damage. Traditional numerical forecasting models often require substantial computational resources, are high-cost, and have significant limitations in prediction speed. This research is dedicated to using deep learning methods to address the shortcomings of traditional methods. Our method (AFR-SimVP) is based on a large-kernel convolutional spatio-temporal prediction network combined with multi-feature fusion for forecasting typhoon tracks in the Northwest Pacific. In order to more effectively suppress the effect of noise in the dataset to enhance the generalization ability of the model, we use a multi-branch structure, incorporate an atmospheric reconstruction subtask, and propose a second-order smoothing loss to further improve the prediction ability of the model. More importantly, we innovatively propose a multi-time-step typhoon prediction network (HTAFR-SimVP) that does not use the traditional recurrent neural network family of models at all. Instead, through fine-to-coarse hierarchical temporal feature extraction and dynamic self-distillation, multi-time-step prediction is achieved using only a single regression network. In addition, combined with atmospheric field reconstruction, the network achieves integrated prediction for multiple tasks, which greatly enhances the model’s range of applications. Experiments show that our proposed network achieves optimal performance in the 24 h typhoon track prediction task. Our regression network outperforms previous recurrent network-based typhoon prediction models in the multi-time-step prediction task and also performs well in multiple integration tasks.

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Scheuerman, Richard, Kristine Gritter, Carrie Jim Schuster und Gordon Fisher. „Sharing the Fire: Place-Based Learning with Columbia Plateau Legends“. English Journal 99, Nr. 5 (01.05.2010): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej201010816.

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Chen, Wanying, Jieying Na und Dongsheng Zhang. „Description of three species of ophioplinthacids, including a new species, from a deep seamount in the Northwest Pacific Ocean“. PeerJ 9 (02.07.2021): e11566. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11566.

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Five specimens of brittle star were collected from a deep-sea seamount in the Northwest Pacific, and identified into three species. One which is new to science, Ophioplinthaca grandisquama n. sp., can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the distinctly elongated and stout tentacle scales, stout and long disc spines, capitate with typically elongate to flaring head bearing numerous distinct thorns, radial shields roughly triangular and contiguous distally. One specimen was identified as Ophioplinthaca semele (Clark, 1949), which had been reported in Hawaii seamounts, is a new record of this species in the Northwest Pacific. The remaining specimen was an unknown species of Ophioplinthaca, with some different characteristics from other species of Ophioplinthaca. However, we, herein, prefer not to attach a name to this specimen until more morphological characteristics are available. The finding of this new species and two new records further enriches the distribution of Ophioplinthaca in the seamount of Northwest Pacific, providing useful information for marine protection in the cobalt-rich area.

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Valachovic, Y. S., B. A. Caldwell, K. Cromack Jr. und R. P. Griffiths. „Leaf litter chemistry controls on decomposition of Pacific Northwest trees and woody shrubs“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, Nr. 10 (01.10.2004): 2131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-089.

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The effects of initial leaf litter chemistry on first-year decomposition rates were studied for 16 common Pacific Northwest conifers, hardwoods, and shrubs at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon. Leaf litters were analyzed for C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, proximate organic fractions (nonpolar, polar, acid-hydrolyzable extractives, acid-hydrolyzable lignin, and acid-unhydrolyzable residue, previously termed "Klason lignin"), and biochemical components (total phenolics, reactive polyphenols, water-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble proanthocyanidins, and water- and acid-unhydrolyzable proanthocyanidins). By including measurements of reactive and residual phenolic fractions and acid-hydrolyzable lignin, these analytical methods improve upon traditional proximate leaf litter analyses. Significant differences in litter chemistries and decomposition rates were found between species. For all species combined, the 1-year decay rate (k) values had highly significant correlations (P < 0.001) with 30 out of the 36 initial chemistry variables tested in this study. The three highest correlations were with acid-unhydrolyzable proanthocyanidins, lignocellulose index, and acid-unhydrolyzable residue (r = 0.83, 0.81, 0.80, respectively, with P < 0.0001 and n = 339). We found that no single litter chemistry variable was a universal predictor of the 1-year k value for each of the individual 16 species studied, though phenolic components were more frequent significant (P < 0.001) predictors of decomposition rate.

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Yin, Sen-lu, Feng Yan, Wen-jing Liu und Jing Xu. „Marine invasive species in the Northwest Pacific region of China“. APN Science Bulletin 4, Nr. 1 (2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2014.45.

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Hardy, John S., Yeong-Shyung Chou, Jung Pyung Choi, Brent Kirby, Kerry D. Meinhardt, Greg A. Whyatt, James M. Davis et al. „Solid Oxide Cell Materials Development at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, Nr. 45 (19.10.2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-02451375mtgabs.

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Fisher, Robin, Robert H. Ruby und John A. Brown. „A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest“. American Indian Quarterly 12, Nr. 1 (1988): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1183804.

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Jessup, Steven L. „Pacific Northwest sea stack cryptogams: I. Scapania scandica in Oregon“. Evansia 18, Nr. 3 (2001): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.346518.

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Feng, Boyu, Zhaoyi Wang, Yu Zhang und Liying Wan. „Numerical Simulation of the Northwest Pacific Based on the MaCOM“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2718, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2718/1/012029.

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Abstract Based on the GLORY reanalysis data, the simulation results of the two versions of MaCOM volume conservation and mass conservation in the Northwest Pacific Ocean for 8 years (1993-2000) are tested. In this paper, the sea surface height, sea surface flow field, sea surface temperature, salinity, vertical profile structures of sea temperature, sea salinity are evaluated respectively. The results show that the average absolute deviation of sea surface temperature is about 0.3 °C, the average absolute deviation of sea surface salinity is about 0.5 psu, the average absolute deviation of sea surface height is about 0.06 m, and the average absolute deviation of see surface current velocity is about 0.08 m/s. Among them, the difference between volume conservation and mass conservation is not large, about from percentile to thousandth percentile. In the vertical direction, the temperature profiles of the two versions are generally consistent, and The maximum deviation from GLORY data is about 0.5°C at depths of 100-400m. In terms of salinity profile, the deviation between the two versions and GLORY mainly exists in the depth range of 200-800 meters, and the deviation is 0.1-0.3 psu. On the whole, MaCOM runs stably and the results are good. It can well reproduce the temperature and salinity characteristics, ocean current field and dynamic environment of the ocean, and is consistent with the internationally recognized high-precision reanalysis data. It is suitable as another powerful tool for studying the ocean.

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Tuerck, Judith M., und Neil R. M. Buist. „Pacific northwest regional newborn screening: A paradigm of prevention“. Journal of Medical Systems 12, Nr. 2 (April 1988): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00997185.

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Nevissi, A. E. „Measurement of 210Pb Atmospheric Flux in the Pacific Northwest“. Health Physics 48, Nr. 2 (Februar 1985): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198502000-00003.

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Young, Kyle A. „Managing the decline of Pacific salmon: metapopulation theory and artificial recolonization as ecological mitigation“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, Nr. 9 (01.09.1999): 1700–1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-113.

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Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Pacific Northwest of North America have suffered regional declines and local extinctions primarily because of freshwater habitat destruction and overexploitation by fisheries. Management efforts to reverse this trend have correctly focused on habitat restoration and enhancement and stricter regulation of fisheries. Metapopulation theory and the ecology of the genus suggest that the addition of management efforts that artificially increase the rate of colonization of presently unoccupied habitats may promote the recovery and persistence of Pacific salmon in an ecologically realistic way. Such programs are conceptually and operationally different from traditional stock transfer and enhancement programs, which aimed to maintain a harvestable surplus of salmon in the face of habitat destruction and overfishing. I argue that artificial recolonization programs should be viewed as ecological mitigation, aimed at hastening the return of natural demographic and evolutionary processes, and hope here to promote an open discussion of their merits and risks as such.

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Wang, Jintao, Robert Boenish und Xinjun Chen. „Optimal weighting in species habitat modeling: a case study from Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0204.

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The weighting of environmental variables in habitat modelling is important, especially for species with a poorly understood distribution. Traditional weighting schemes, such as arithmetic or geometric mean, often cause “gradient” habitat distribution patterns. We develop a new methodology that determines optimal variable weighting via a structured sensitivity analysis approach. This method considers the full spectrum of weighting combinations and uses multiple model selection criteria to select the best fit. We use a Northwest Pacific neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) fishery dataset (1998–2012) to compare our best performance habitat suitability index (BEST-HIS) with the traditional fixed methods, as well as to the more recent machine learning approach: boosted regression tree. Approaches were evaluated based on differences in habitat metrics, such as continuity, magnitude, and ratio of estimated unfavourable/favourable habitat. The BEST-HSI model generally outperformed the other three methods, though habitat metrics notably differed depending on weighting schemes used. The BEST-HSI approach is an efficient exploratory tool to investigate empirical relationships between organism presence and the environment, particularly for species with little known life history or migration information.

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Heffernan, Scott, und Bogdan M. Strimbu. „Estimation of Surface Canopy Water in Pacific Northwest Forests by Fusing Radar, Lidar, and Meteorological Data“. Forests 12, Nr. 3 (14.03.2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030339.

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Surface Canopy Water (SCW) is the intercepted rain water that resides within the tree canopy and plays a significant role in the hydrological cycle. Challenges arise in measuring SCW in remote areas using traditional ground-based techniques. Remote sensing in the radio spectrum has the potential to overcome the challenges where traditional modelling approaches face difficulties. In this study, we aim at estimating the SCW by fusing information extracted from the radar imagery acquired with the Sentinel-1 constellation, aerial laser scanning, and meteorological data. To describe the change of radar backscatter with moisture, we focused on six forest stands in the H.J. Andrews experimental forest in central Oregon, as well as four clear cut areas and one golf course, over the summers of 2015–2017. We found significant relationships when we executed the analysis on radar images in which individual tree crowns were delineated from lidar, as opposed to SCW estimated from individual pixel backscatter. Significant differences occur in the mean backscatter between radar images taken during rain vs. dry periods (no rain for >1 h), but these effects only last for roughly 30 min after the end of a rain event. We developed a predictive model for SCW using the radar images acquired at dawn, and proved the capability of space-based radar systems to provide information for estimation of the canopy moisture under conditions of fresh rainfall during the dry season.

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Wang, Zhaoyi, Guimei Liu, Wei Li, Hui Wang und Dakui Wang. „Development of the Operational Oceanography Forecasting System in the Northwest Pacific“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2486, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2486/1/012032.

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Abstract An operational oceanography forecasting system is established on the base of ROMS and data assimilation method to provide operational predictions and maritime safety applications for the Northwest Pacific. After 10 years spun up through integration, the system reaches a stable field of annual circulation. The model was then integrated from 1990 to 2012 to obtain the assimilation background. After the evaluation of observation data, the ocean forecasting system has been put into operation since 2013 and has been updated for several times. Through the validation of 2018, the system can accurately simulate the main marine environmental characteristics of the northwest pacific. The system can provide high-resolution marine environment fields for red tide, green tide drift and diffusion, oil spill, marine fishery, marine resources development, marine search and rescue, etc.

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Ahmed, Safaa A. El-Moghazy, Mohamed A. El-Shanawany, Hoda F. Abdel-Ghani, Joe Karchesy, George Sturtz, Kent Dalley und Paul W. Paré. „Polyol Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Pacific Northwest PlantArtemisiasuksdorfii“. Journal of Natural Products 67, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2004): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np049954j.

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Tiakiwai, Sarah-Jane, Jonathan Timatanga Kilgour und Amy Whetu. „Indigenous perspectives of ecosystem-based management and co-governance in the Pacific Northwest: lessons for Aotearoa“. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 13, Nr. 2 (26.04.2017): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180117701692.

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This article presents a case study of the ecosystem-based management model embedded within British Columbia’s Marine Plan Partnership for the Pacific North Coast and the Great Bear Initiative. These are two distinct, yet linked, examples of resource management and economic development that use ecosystem-based management in a way that incorporates indigenous perspectives and aspirations. The model potentially provides a framework that other countries, including Aotearoa (New Zealand), could examine and adapt to their own contexts using new governance structures and working with indigenous perspectives that include traditional ecological knowledge and aspirations. The case study is presented from a Māori perspective that represents both an insider (indigenous) and outsider (non-First Nations) view.

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Sharrock, D. S., I. G. Main und A. Douglas. „Observations of Q from the northwest Pacific subduction zone recorded at teleseismic distances“. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 85, Nr. 1 (01.02.1995): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0850010237.

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Abstract Twenty-seven earthquakes in the northwest Pacific, with mb ≧ 5.4, are used to study upper-mantle attenuation. The data were recorded at seismometer arrays in Australia, Canada, India, and Scotland. The short-period instruments used in the arrays are sufficiently broadband, and the signal-to-noise enhancement resulting from beamforming the data is good enough, that seismic noise is above system noise out to between 3 and 5 Hz, and in some cases to 8 Hz. The instrument response has been removed and a power law (ω−2) farfield source correction has been assumed and applied. The remaining fall-off in the spectra above 1 Hz (which is above the corner frequency fc) is assumed to be due to attenuation, including losses due both to anelasticity and to scattering. An ω−3 spectral fall-off, preferred by some, would result in lower estimates of attenuation. Conservative estimates of the average attenuation along the whole path have been made from the spectral fall-off. Despite the imperfect knowledge of the source spectra, the high sensitivity of spectral amplitudes to attenuation at high frequencies yields quite reliable and stable attenuation estimates. The scatter in the data is small, resulting in estimates of mean t* (tAV*) with an average standard error of only 21%, where tAV* is defined as the ratio of the travel time T to the effective mean quality factor QAV. Only 14 of the 64 measurements show a tAV* above 0.5 sec within the given error bounds. All estimates of tAV* and QAV refer to P-wave attenuation only. The results for tAV* from the northwest Pacific subduction zone cannot be explained simply by the traditional high-Q subducting slab in a low-Q upper mantle. A low-Q region in the uppermost 100 km (approximately) of the subduction zone has been identified. Source-corrected tAV* yield upper-mantle QAV estimates of about 1200 for predominantly oceanic paths (Australia and India) and 1500 for mixed continental and oceanic paths (Canada and Scotland).

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Weston, D. P., A. M. Asbell, S. A. Hecht, N. L. Scholz und M. J. Lydy. „Pyrethroid insecticides in urban salmon streams of the Pacific Northwest“. Environmental Pollution 159, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 3051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.008.

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Xie, Sihang, Yifei Jiang und Yong Zhou. „Observation of the Semidiurnal Internal Tides in the Northwest Pacific Ocean“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2486, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2486/1/012008.

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Abstract Internal tides are internal waves occurring in the tidal frequency bands of stable stratified oceans, which are formed by the interaction between barotropic tides and different submarine topographical features such as ridges, sills, trough, trench and continental shelf break. In-depth study of tidal energy and tidal dynamics in this area is of great significance for understanding the multi-scale energy cascade structure in this ocean. Based on the 16-day mooring observation data of a set of high spatial and temporal resolution in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 21°N to 22°N,124°E to 126°E, this paper reveals the amplitude distribution characteristics of the semidiurnal tidal wave in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The results show that the amplitude of the semidiurnal internal tides increases first and then decreases during the change of the depth from small to large. The amplitude is small at the surface and bottom of the ocean, and reaches the maximum at the middle of the ocean, with the maximum value of 40m

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Vaughn, Nicholas R., Eric C. Turnblom und Martin W. Ritchie. „Bootstrap Evaluation of a Young Douglas-Fir Height Growth Model for the Pacific Northwest“. Forest Science 56, Nr. 6 (01.12.2010): 592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/56.6.592.

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Abstract We evaluated the stability of a complex regression model developed to predict the annual height growth of young Douglas-fir. This model is highly nonlinear and is fit in an iterative manner for annual growth coefficients from data with multiple periodic remeasurement intervals. The traditional methods for such a sensitivity analysis either involve laborious math or rely on prior knowledge of parameter behavior. To achieve our goals, we incorporate a bootstrap approach to obtain estimates of the distribution of predicted height growth for any set of input variables. This allows for a sensitivity analysis with knowledge of the probability of a given outcome. The bootstrap distributions should approximate the variation we might expect from running the model on numerous independent datasets. From the variation in the model parameters, we are able to produce ranges of height growth prediction error falling under a given probability of occurrence. By evaluating these ranges under several combinations of input variables that represent extreme situations, we are able to visualize the stability of the model under each situation. Each of the four components of the model can be investigated separately, which allows us to determine which components of the model might benefit from reformulation. In this case we find that the model is less stable in extremely high site index, especially under low vegetation competition. Other than the computing time involved with the bootstrap, most of the analysis is fairly quick and easy to perform.

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Donoho, Grace, Pearl McElfish, Rachel Avants und Emily Hallgren. „A novel recruiting and surveying method: Participatory research during a Pacific Islander community’s traditional cultural event“. Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 8, Nr. 1 (03.09.2015): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v8i1.4227.

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Little is known about the health status of Marshallese, a Pacific Islander subpopulation living in the United States. The Marshallese have established a growing community in Northwest Arkansas, providing a unique opportunity for increasing knowledge regarding the health of this minority group. This article describes how a community-based participatory research process was used by a community and university coalition to identify and refine questionnaires and recruit study participants. Questionnaires were self-administered on computers during a one-week traditional cultural event. A total of 874 Marshallese from Arkansas completed the questionnaire, exceeding the goal of 600 respondents. Lessons learned, including the level and timing of involvement of both the leadership and the community at large, are discussed in detail. This approach enhanced communication and collaboration between the Marshallese community, service providers and researchers, resulting in higher participation and interest among the Marshallese community.Keywords: participatory research, minority populations, community health assessment, community coalition, Marshallese

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Chu, Moxian, Bilin Liu, Liguo Ou, Ziyue Chen und Qingying Li. „Morphological Differences and Contour Visualization of Statoliths in Different Geographic Populations of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, Nr. 4 (30.03.2024): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040597.

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Statoliths are important hard tissues in cephalopods. Significant differences are found in the external morphology of statoliths in different groups or species. In this study, stepwise discriminant analysis was used to investigate the external morphological differences in purpleback flying squid statoliths in three different marine regions, comprising the East Indian Ocean (5° S–2° N, 82°–92° E), Central East Pacific Ocean (02°37′ S–0°59′ N, 99°44′ W–114°19′ W), and Northwest Indian Ocean (17°04′ N–17°18′ N, 61°05′ E–61°32′ E). The contours of statoliths were reconstructed visually by using Fourier analysis and the landmark method. The results obtained by stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the accuracy of identification was 84.4% for the traditional measurement method, 82.9% for the Fourier analysis method, and 87.3% for the landmark method. The contour visualization results showed that the purpleback flying squid statoliths were small in the Central East Pacific Ocean, and the curvature of the side region was the most obvious. The radian differentiation of statoliths was most gentle in the East Indian Ocean. In the Northwest Indian Ocean, the rostral region of statoliths was shorter and the dorsal region was smoother. The reconstruction results detected significant differences in the outer morphology of statoliths in different marine regions. The results obtained in this study show that all three methods are effective for identifying populations, but the landmark method is better than the traditional measurement method. The reconstruction of statolith contours using the Fourier transform and landmark methods provides an important scientific basis for conducting taxonomy, according to statolith morphology.

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Xie, Mingyang, Bin Liu, Xinjun Chen, Wei Yu und Jintao Wang. „Deep Learning-Based Fishing Ground Prediction Using Asymmetric Spatiotemporal Scales: A Case Study of Ommastrephes bartramii“. Fishes 9, Nr. 2 (04.02.2024): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020064.

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Selecting the optimal spatiotemporal scale in fishing ground prediction models can maximize prediction accuracy. Current research on spatiotemporal scales shows that they are symmetrically distributed, which may not capture specific oceanographic features conducive to fishing ground formation. Recent studies have shown that deep learning is a promising research direction for addressing spatiotemporal scale issues. In the era of big data, deep learning outperforms traditional methods by more accurately and efficiently mining high-value, nonlinear information. In this study, taking Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific as an example, we used the U-Net model with sea surface temperature (SST) as the input factor and center fishing ground as the output factor. We constructed 80 different combinations of temporal scales and asymmetric spatial scales using data in 1998–2020. By comparing the results, we found that the optimal temporal scale for the deep learning fishing ground prediction model is 15 days, and the spatial scale is 0.25° × 0.25°. Larger time scales lead to higher model accuracy, and latitude has a greater impact on the model than longitude. It further enriches and refines the criteria for selecting spatiotemporal scales. This result deepens our understanding of the oceanographic characteristics of the Northwest Pacific environmental field and lays the foundation for future artificial intelligence-based fishery research. This study provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development of efficient fishery production.

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Yau, Ian-Huei, Joan R. Davenport und Richard A. Rupp. „Characterizing Inland Pacific Northwest American Viticultural Areas with Geospatial Data“. PLoS ONE 8, Nr. 4 (16.04.2013): e61994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061994.

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Young, Frank L., Daniel A. Ball, Donn C. Thill, J. Richard Alldredge, Alex G. Ogg und Steven S. Seefeldt. „Integrated Weed Management Systems Identified for Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) in the Pacific Northwest“. Weed Technology 24, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2010): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00046.1.

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Jointed goatgrass is an invasive winter annual grass weed that is a particular problem in the low to intermediate rainfall zones of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). For the most part, single-component research has been the focus of previous jointed goatgrass studies. In 1996, an integrated cropping systems study for the management of jointed goatgrass was initiated in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon in the traditional winter wheat (WW)–fallow (F) region of the PNW. The study evaluated eight integrated weed management (IWM) systems that included combinations of either a one-time stubble burn (B) or a no-burn (NB) treatment, a rotation of either WW–F–WW or spring wheat (SW)–F–WW, and either a standard (S) or an integrated (I) practice of planting winter wheat. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate and identify complete IWM systems for jointed goatgrass control in winter wheat. At the Idaho location, in a very low weed density, no IWM system was identified that consistently had the highest yield, reduced grain dockage, and reduced weed densities. However, successful IWM systems for jointed goatgrass management were identified as weed populations increased. At the Washington location, in a moderate population of jointed goatgrass, the best IWM system based on the above responses was the B:SW–F–WW:S system. At the Washington site, this system was better than the integrated planting system because the competitive winter wheat variety did not perform well in drought conditions during the second year of winter wheat. At the Oregon site, a location with a high weed density, the system B:SW–F–WW:I produced consistently higher grain yields, reduced grain dockage, and reduced jointed goatgrass densities. These integrated systems, if adopted by PNW growers in the wheat–fallow area, would increase farm profits by decreasing dockage, decreasing farm inputs, and reducing herbicide resistance in jointed goatgrass.

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Zhou, Zhen-Qiang, Shang-Ping Xie, Guang J. Zhang und Wenyu Zhou. „Evaluating AMIP Skill in Simulating Interannual Variability over the Indo–Western Pacific“. Journal of Climate 31, Nr. 6 (März 2018): 2253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0123.1.

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Local correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall is weak or even negative in summer over the Indo–western Pacific warm pool, a fact often taken as indicative of weak ocean feedback on the atmosphere. An Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulation forced by monthly varying SSTs derived from a parallel coupled general circulation model (CGCM) run is used to evaluate AMIP skills in simulating interannual variability of rainfall. Local correlation of rainfall variability between AMIP and CGCM simulations is used as a direct metric of AMIP skill. This “perfect model” approach sidesteps the issue of model biases that complicates the traditional skill metric based on the correlation between AMIP and observations. Despite weak local SST–rainfall correlation, the AMIP–CGCM rainfall correlation exceeds a 95% significance level over most of the Indo–western Pacific warm pool, indicating the importance of remote (e.g., El Niño in the equatorial Pacific) rather than local SST forcing. Indeed, the AMIP successfully reproduces large-scale modes of rainfall variability over the Indo–western Pacific warm pool. Compared to the northwest Pacific east of the Philippines, the AMIP–CGCM rainfall correlation is low from the Bay of Bengal through the South China Sea, limited by internal variability of the atmosphere that is damped in CGCM by negative feedback from the ocean. Implications for evaluating AMIP skill in simulating observations are discussed.

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Xue, Zhao. „Estimating the Price Elasticity of Natural Gas and Electricity in Pacific Northwest“. SHS Web of Conferences 163 (2023): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316301021.

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This paper estimates the price elasticity of electricity and natural gas in the Pacific Northwest. Electricity and natural gas are substitutes; and demands of different classes of consumers for the energy are price-inelasticity. The results are when the price of retail electricity and natural gas changes, consumers would choose the cheaper one to make up for the increased cost of another energy price. Consumers’ demand for energy is mainly stable, they won’t affect a lot by the change in energy prices.

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