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1
Brown, Marcia Hood. „Trading for a Place“. Journal of Poverty 2, Nr. 3 (22.06.1998): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j134v02n03_02.
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2
Hakim, Sofyan, Sali Sali und Akhmad Alfauji. „PROBLEMATIKA PEDAGANG BUAH KAKI LIMA DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA“. JURNAL AL-QARDH 3, Nr. 2 (11.02.2019): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jaq.v3i2.1178.
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The problem of fruit street vendors is because they open their trade use the part of fruit street or sidewalk and other places for public’s importance that not for the trade and the place that not belong to them that’s way the street vendors become a difficult problem to solve well. The research problem are 1) What is the problem faced by fruiterer when trading in Palangka Raya City? 2) How does the view from the fruiterer about the government’s role in helping the fruiterer when trading?.This research used field research and used qualitative approach. The object of this research was the problem faced by fruiterers at Palangka Raya City. The subject of this research was the fruiterers that trade at sidewalk. The data collection technique used interview, observation and documentation.The result of this research shows that 1) There is no special place for street vendors that make them difficult to trading. 2) The street vendors hopefully for government to gave them a special place for trade especially for the fruiterers.
3
Gilles, Angelo. „The Social Construction of Guangzhou as a Translocal Trading Place“. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2015): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261504400403.
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Guangzhou has become a key destination for sub-Saharan African traders. These traders have established multilocal forms of business organisation and, in so doing, have developed diverse practices to overcome geographical, political and cultural boundaries. This paper focuses on these practices, looking at the ways in which the movements, relations and interactions within these organisational formations are produced, transformed and lived. A close ethnographic examination was made of the livelihoods of 33 African traders from 13 sub-Saharan African countries. Through the concept of trans-locality, the organisational formations of these Africans are conceptualised as links between different places on a larger geographical scale; these links then meet on a local scale in the specific place of Guangzhou. Following a relational understanding of spatial constructions in social science, these links are conceptualised as one of the main drivers for the social construction and transformation of the city as a trans-local trading place.
4
Sackley, William H. „China’s Exchange Traded Fund: Is There a Trading Place Bias?“ CFA Digest 38, Nr. 4 (November 2008): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v38.n4.23.
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5
Cheng, Louis T. W., Hung-Gay Fung und Yiuman Tse. „China's Exchange Traded Fund: Is There a Trading Place Bias?“ Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 11, Nr. 01 (März 2008): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021909150800126x.
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We use Granger causality tests and an EGARCH model to analyze the pricing relations in the US between two exchange traded funds, the iShares FTSE/Xinhua China 25 Index (FXI) and the S&P 500 Index Fund (IVV). Daily data indicates that Hong Kong home market basically drives the FXI returns in the US. In case of intraday analysis, the US-based IVV appears to dominate the pricing of the FXI. The evidence supports the speculative pricing hypothesis that the location of trading has stronger effects than the influence of domestic effects summarized by FXI's lagged returns.
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Winata, Maria Gabby. „TINGKAT EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM INFORMASI REMOTE TRADING MENGGUNAKAN METODE UTAUT PADA PT CIPTADANA SECURITIES“. Infotech: Journal of Technology Information 5, Nr. 1 (25.03.2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37365/jti.v5i1.57.
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Along with the rapid development of information technology, the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) began to develop a more efficient transaction concept by starting to apply the concept of floorless trading. Which previously all places and processes of buying and selling shares were only centered on the IDX floor or better known as floor trading. The floorless trading system is a new stock trading transaction system implemented by the IDX by moving the place and process of buying and selling of shares to each securities company from what was previously centralized on the stock exchange (IDX). So now the concept of a new stock sale and purchase transaction, or better known as remote trading, has begun to be developed. The purpose of writing this research is to evaluate the remote trading system implemented by the company and provide input to improve the effectiveness of the remote trading system. This study uses the UTAUT methodology to evaluate and measure user acceptance, the results of which will be a reference to provide input to the company. The results achieved are a new system design created to meet user needs based on the analysis that has been done. With this new system design will increase system effectiveness and employee performance.
7
Ronarizkia, Adita, Yusfan Adeputera Yusran und Yusfan Adeputera Yusran. „UTILIZATION PATTERN OF RESIDENTIAL TERRACE AS A TRADING PLACE IN KAMPUNG TRIDI JODIPAN MALANG“. DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) 46, Nr. 1 (26.08.2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.46.1.51-58.
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Kampung Tridi, Jodipan Malang, which was initially a slum residential area has transformed now into a colorful area with a concept of colorful order, arranged linearly according to the houses pattern. This setting is positively effective to attract tourist interest to come and success in changing the aspect of social, culture and economy of the residents. The aspect which has been through adequate significant change is the economy, which is indicated from the number of residents who take benefit from their house's terrace that initially used as a conventional family area, now turn into an area of trading. This change is conducted to be economic support in order to fulfill their life needs. This research aims to identify the pattern of terrace utilization as the place where the trading activity takes place in Kampung Tridi Jodipan Malang. This research exerts the method of descriptive qualitative which identifies the pattern of terrace utilization through field survey, interview, and literature studies, while the method of analysis used behavior mapping. This research finding shows that the utilization pattern of the residential terrace as the trading spot is located exactly in the front part of the house, that is the terrace. The houses that using the terrace as the trading spot are mostly located in the front of the main path which leads to the Jembatan Kaca (Glass bridge) that connects Kampung Tridi with Kampung Warna-warni in the south.
8
Schellhorn, Henry. „Combination trading with limit orders“. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 1, Nr. 2 (01.01.1997): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1173912697000126.
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We model the exchange of commodities that are contingent upon each other, when traders place mostly limit orders. Examples include: 1) a market of financial futures where future spreads are also traded, 2) a market of mutual funds and stocks, 3) a market of options and stocks, under the viewpoint that they are both combinations of Arrow-Debreu securities. We prove that consistent prices are optimal. We develop a fixed-point algorithm to compute an optimal price and allocation. The algorithm combines ideas from contraction mapping theory and from homotopy theory. It is much faster than a traditional linear programming approach.
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Kumaresan, Miles, und Nataša Krejić. „Optimal trading of algorithmic orders in a liquidity fragmented market place“. Annals of Operations Research 229, Nr. 1 (21.02.2015): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-1815-7.
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10
Stoll, Hans R. „Electronic Trading in Stock Markets“. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, Nr. 1 (01.02.2006): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526067.
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Modern trading technology clashes with the traditional organization of a stock exchange, where transactions were consummated via face-to-face negotiation. The modern trading facility is no longer a place. Rather, it is a computer system over which transactions are entered, routed, executed and cleared electronically with little or no human intervention. In this article, I examine how electronic trading has altered stock markets. I begin with an overview of how the stock trading process works and then address a number of questions. How have the jobs of traditional stock market dealers on the NYSE and on Nasdaq been affected by electronic trading? How do electronic communications networks differ from traditional markets? How has electronic trading affected bid-ask spreads and commission costs? What subtle issues arise in electronic trading when dealer and customer interests diverge? Will computer programs replace human judgment? What is the effect of electronic trading on the number and types of securities markets? What is the role of regulation in electronic markets?
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Chen, Ying, Paolo Giudici, Branka Hadji Misheva und Simon Trimborn. „Lead Behaviour in Bitcoin Markets“. Risks 8, Nr. 1 (04.01.2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks8010004.
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We aim to understand the dynamics of Bitcoin blockchain trading volumes and, specifically, how different trading groups, in different geographic areas, interact with each other. To achieve this aim, we propose an extended Vector Autoregressive model, aimed at explaining the evolution of trading volumes, both in time and in space. The extension is based on network models, which improve pure autoregressive models, introducing a contemporaneous contagion component that describes contagion effects between trading volumes. Our empirical findings show that transactions activities in bitcoins is dominated by groups of network participants in Europe and in the United States, consistent with the expectation that market interactions primarily take place in developed economies.
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van Soest, Henri. „Peer-to-peer electricity trading: A review of the legal context“. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 19, Nr. 3-4 (September 2018): 180–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591719834902.
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The peer-to-peer (P2P) trading of electricity is a recently developed type of transaction in the electricity system. In a P2P electricity trade, two equal market participants, in most cases prosumers, conclude a contract for the trade of electricity. This article provides a review of the legal context of P2P electricity trading, with a focus on European energy law. Furthermore, the article discusses the relation of P2P electricity trading to the phenomenon of the collaborative economy and to parallel technological developments taking place in the electricity system. We conclude that while the current state of European Union energy law might in principle allow P2P electricity trading, the lack of specific provisions is likely to cause issues in practice.
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PRINCEN, SEBASTIAAN. „Trading Up in the Transatlantic Relationship“. Journal of Public Policy 24, Nr. 1 (26.04.2004): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x04000066.
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This article analyses the conditions under which a race to the top or California effect is likely to take place. To that end, it examines two cases in which the EU restricted or threatened to restrict imports from the United States and Canada because of differences in regulatory standards. In one case, the European data protection directive, a California effect occurred. In the other case, the EU ban on hormone-treated beef, no California effect occurred. An analysis of these two cases leads to two additions to existing explanations of the California effect. The analysis also has a number of implications for the debate on the race to the bottom thesis.
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Porus, Vladimir N. „The Philosophical Status of “Metaphilosophy of Science”“. Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, Nr. 2 (2019): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956234.
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Interdisciplinary studies of science form a “living” organism, in which every part performs its function and is connected with other parts. Philosophy of science plays a role of the “think-tank” of that organism. It is a generator of the sense that connects the functions of its separate parts into a systematic unity. It can be called the consciousness of science. Metaphilosophy of science is related to philosophy of science in the same way as philosophy of science itself is related to science. Within metaphilosophy of science the propensity of philosophy of science to self-reflection is implemented. Metaphilosophy of science makes relevant the issues that relate to the philosophical significance of the processes taking place in the so-called “trading zone” (in the sense of P. Galison). These trading zone is a place where scientists, science-of-science theorists and philosophers exchange their ideas. The interaction between philosophy and metaphilosophy of science takes place in the course of a competition among various philosophical interpretations of the results received within the studies of these “trading” processes. Institutional, methodological, historical and culturological studies get a philosophical interpretation and become the source of metaphilosophical ideas. Metaphorically, one may say, that metaphilosophy of science is the self-consciousness of philosophy of science. The very idea that metaphilosophy of science is a participant of the process occurring in the “trading zone” puts an end to a meaningless pile of “metalevels” that very often characterize philosophical discussions of science.
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Ouvrard, Stéphane, und Ian Malcolm Taplin. „Trading in fine wine: Institutionalized efficiency in the Place de Bordeaux system“. Global Business and Organizational Excellence 37, Nr. 5 (19.06.2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joe.21872.
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Libardi, Monique, und Patricia Glym. „The Reflection of WTO Brazilian Dispute Settlements on Domestic Law: A Place to Legal Pluralism?“ Eudaimonia, Nr. 3/2019 (09.04.2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/ivrs_19308a.
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International trade law, followed by the development of legal mechanisms for regulation of multilateral trading system, from General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT (1948–94), Uruguay Round (1986–94) to World Trade Organization – WTO (1995) dispute settlement system is the current scenario of the world economy transactions. This paper aims to analyze whether Brazilian activism in the world trading system may be identified in the WTO Dispute Settlement dealing with the concept of direct effect on international law. Since 1995, Brazil has been an assiduous claimant at the WTO and at the South American Common Market (MERCOSUR) dispute mechanism. However, explaining Brazilian participation at the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) requires a collision between the Brazilian private sector and the political relevance that trade disputes have acquired.
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Khaddaf, Muammar, Khaira Amalia F. . und Rahmanta . „The Effect of Earnings Aggressiveness, Earnings Smoothing on Return of Stock“. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, Nr. 6 (30.06.2014): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i6.512.
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This study aims to examine the moderating role of trading volume activity and cost of equity between earnings aggressiveness and earnings smoothing on return of stock. It includes the analysis of earnings persistent in strengthening the relationship between earnings aggressiveness, earnings smoothing, the cost of equity and trading volume activity as well as their effect on return of stock. The sample of study is 32 banking companies which pay dividends and which shares actively traded at the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) whereby the period of observation took place from 2007 to 2011. The method uses a multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS as the data processing tools. The results of this study establish that the earnings aggressiveness and earnings smoothing simultaneously and significantly affect the trading volume activity. The earnings smoothing has a negative effect and is significant on the trading volume activity, while earnings aggressiveness has a positive effect and is significant on the trading volume activity. Meanwhile, the trading volume activity has positive effect and is significant on return of stock and the earnings persistence is moderating the relationship between earnings aggressiveness and earnings smoothing on the trading volume activity.
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Winata, Maria Gabby. „TINGKAT EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM INFORMASI REMOTE TRADING MENGGUNAKAN METODE UTAUT PADA PT CIPTADANA SECURITIES“. Infotech: Journal of Technology Information 5, Nr. 1 (25.03.2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37365/it.v5i1.57.
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In English;
Along with the rapid development of information technology, the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) began to develop a more efficient transaction concept by starting to apply the concept of floorless trading. Which previously all places and processes of buying and selling shares were only centered on the IDX floor or better known as floor trading. The floorless trading system is a new stock trading transaction system implemented by the IDX by moving the place and process of buying and selling of shares to each securities company from what was previously centralized on the stock exchange (IDX). So now the concept of a new stock sale and purchase transaction, or better known as remote trading, has begun to be developed. The purpose of writing this research is to evaluate the remote trading system implemented by the company and provide input to improve the effectiveness of the remote trading system. This study uses the UTAUT methodology to evaluate and measure user acceptance, the results of which will be a reference to provide input to the company. The results achieved are a new system design created to meet user needs based on the analysis that has been done. With this new system design will increase system effectiveness and employee performance.
Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi maka Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) mulai mengembangkan konsep transaksi yang lebih efisien yakni dengan mulai menerapkan konsep floorless trading. Yang mana sebelumnya seluruh tempat dan proses terjadinya transaksi jual beli saham hanya terpusat di lantai BEI atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah floor trading. Sistem floorless trading merupakan sebuah sistem transaksi jual beli saham baru yang diterapkan oleh BEI dengan memindahkan tempat dan proses terjadinya transaksi jual beli saham ke masing-masing perusahaan efek dari yang tadinya terpusat di lantai bursa (BEI). Maka sekarang ini mulai dikembangkan konsep transaksi jual beli saham yang baru atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah remote trading. Tujuan dari penulisan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi system remote trading yang diimplementasikan oleh perusahaan serta memberikan masukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas system remote trading. Penelitian ini mengunakan metodologi UTAUT untuk melakukan evaluasi dan pengukuran terhadap user acceptance yang hasilnya akan menjadi acuan untuk memberikan masukan kepada perusahaan. Hasil yang dicapai adalah sebuah rancangan sistem baru yang dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan user berdasarkan analisa yang telah dilakukan. Dengan rancangan sistem yang baru ini akan meningkatkan efektivitas sistem dan kinerja karyawan.
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Toke, David. „Trading Schemes, Risks, and Costs: The Cases of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and the Renewables Obligation“. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 26, Nr. 5 (01.01.2008): 938–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0728j.
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The appropriateness and importance of market-based environmental governance systems vary according to different cases. Although so-called ‘market trading’ regimes can be useful in some circumstances, a false belief in the inevitability of their cost-effectiveness compared with so-called ‘command and control’ systems has allowed policy distortions to occur. So-called ‘command and control’ policies are being underemphasised, despite the fact that they may achieve reductions in carbon emissions that are cheaper than those likely to be achieved through emissions (or ‘certificate’) trading regimes. I address theoretical arguments which I then place in context with analysis of some features of the British Renewables Obligation and the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme.
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Qiu, Zhigang. „Equilibrium-Informed Trading with Relative Performance Measurement“. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 52, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2017): 2083–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109017000618.
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This article analyzes the informative trading of professional money managers within a rational-expectations equilibrium model in which managers care about their performance relative to their peer group. I find that the existence of uninformed managers causes informed managers with relative performance concerns to trade less informatively, engendering less informative prices. When managers are differentially informed, they need to forecast the average performance based on private signals, and each manager may place more weight on the private signal if the signal provides good information about the average performance. The price aggregates those signals and thus becomes more informative.
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Zhang, Shao Jun. „Research on Asymmetry Information and Order Behavior in Order-Driven Market“. Advanced Materials Research 629 (Dezember 2012): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.815.
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Investor’s order behavior directly reveals his willingness. Investors usually submit their orders according to their information. Different information will lead to diversity order behavior. In this paper, based on the asymmetry information, an investor’s order choice model in Chinese order-driven market is constructed, and then the role of asymmetry information on order submission strategy is investigated. By modifying the restriction on the duration of information, this paper discusses private information duration and uninformed investor’s learning process and investor’s optimal order strategy, and then concludes that when informed investor places market order, uninformed investor is more inclined to place limit order; only at the beginning of trading when informed investor places limit order, the uninformed buyer is more inclined to place market order.
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AGLIARDI, ROSSELLA, und RAMAZAN GENÇAY. „OPTIMAL TRADING STRATEGIES WITH LIMIT ORDERS“. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 20, Nr. 01 (Februar 2017): 1750005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024917500054.
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A model is proposed to study the risk management problem of designing optimal trading strategies in a limit order book. The execution of limit orders is uncertain, which leads to a stochastic control problem. In contrast to previous literature, we allow the agents to choose both the quotes and the sizes of their submitted orders. Attention is paid to how the trading strategy is affected by an order book’s characteristics, market volatility and the trader’s risk attitude. We prescribe an optimal splitting of the order size for the trades with limit orders, while the existing literature offers a solution to this problem with market orders, and, at the same time, we provide guidelines to optimally place orders further behind the best price or to (re)position them more aggressively. Thus this paper is an attempt towards a more realistic modeling of optimal liquidation throughout limit orders.
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Arge, Símun V. „Aspects of Hanse archaeology in the Faroe Islands“. AmS-Skrifter, Nr. 27 (06.01.2020): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i27.279.
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Compared to the neighbouring countries in the North Atlantic, very few sites in the Faroe Islands can be interpreted as trading sites ascribed to German merchants. This paper deals with physical evidence found around the islands that might attest to such activity. It is based on place-name evidence, local oral traditions, and, not least, archaeological remains, such as buildings and artefacts. A few sites are examined, and the presence of the Germans in the capital of Tórshavn is particularly discussed. Two of the most characteristic buildings at the peninsula of Tinganes, the Munkastovan and Leigubúðin, are reinterpreted. The site of Krambatangi on the island of Suðuroy is equally important for this discussion. Archaeological investigations took place there in 1952. The place-name as well as local tradition connected to the site suggest the presence of a merchants’ booth – a trading site – located by a very fine natural harbour. The site is located close to the local assembly site in the village of Øravík.
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Durdin, Andrew. „Abandonment Issues: Reflections on Redescription, Rectification, and J.Z. Smith’s “Trading Places”“. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 31, Nr. 1 (12.02.2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341456.
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Abstract I reflect here on Jonathan Z. Smith’s influence on my approach to the study of religion, interweaving these reflections into the outline of a larger argument for the continued critical study of the category of religion—a project central to Smith’s intellectual project. While many have pursued Smith’s denaturalization of the category of religion, few have tried to imagine what Religious Studies might look like without religion as its primary explanatory category. Here I argue that Smith’s notions of redescription and rectification offer clues for how such a methodological shift might work. I do so by looking specifically at Smith’s brief essay “Trading Places” where he explicitly recommends rejecting efforts to theorize “magic.” I argue that not only do his considerations apply to the category of religion but also that the procedures he discusses in “Trading Place” might be understood as a more radical view of redescription and rectification.
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Salbu, Steven R. „Insider Trading and the Social Contract“. Business Ethics Quarterly 5, Nr. 2 (April 1995): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857359.
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Abstract:The law of insider trading has progressed from an expansive approach, according to which all trading on nonpublic information was considered illegal, to a constricted approach, under which corporate outsiders are permitted to trade on nonpublic information provided such trading does not breach a fiduciary duty. This article analyzes both the former, expansive theory and the currently utilized constricted theory, within a framework of basic tenets of the American capitalist social contract regarding legitimacy of property claims. The existing constricted approach to the regulation of insider trading is found to be deficient in meeting the expectations of two core components of the social contract: it discourages procedural equality of opportunity, and it endorses claims to property that are not characterized by legitimate methods of acquisition or transfer. Because the old, expansive regulatory interpretation was more consistent with the terms of the social contract in regard to property claims, it served our economic and ethical expectations more effectively than the system presently in place. Accordingly, the article culminates in a recommendation that the expansive approach to regulating insider trading be reestablished under Unites States law.
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Bhana, N. „The timing of rights issues on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange“. South African Journal of Business Management 19, Nr. 3 (30.09.1988): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v19i3.977.
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Although a great deal of trading in rights transactions takes place on the various stock exchanges of the world there is a dearth of empirical evidence which might determine an observable trading strategy related to such transactions. The traditional view is that subscription rights to additional issues of securities will reach their maximum price shortly after the start of trading and then decrease until the end of the subscription period. The results of this investigation into rights issues of companies listed on the JSE clearly rejects the 'sell the rights early' trading strategy. It is observed that there is a considerable number of rights which reach their peak price in the middle and in the final trading period. Empirical evidence presented in this paper reveals three factors that could be used to predict the market price of rights listed on the JSE. All three factors are highly correlated with the market price of rights. Therefore, an evaluation of an observable trend in these factors could be used to advantage by investors engaged in rights transactions.
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Letanovská, Mária. „Different Allocation Systems“. Transport and Communications 2, Nr. 1 (2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tac.c.2014.1.4.
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Based on the London´s airports example it is obvious that there are differences between 3rd level airports. If the same coordination system would be introduced within various coordinated airports it could lead to various results. The results of analysis of intra-EU route data indicate that larger aircraft have been used at the 3rd level airports and there is no strong evidence of inefficient slot hoarding at these airports, not only before but also after the EC’s recognition of secondary slot trading. In contrast, the analysis of slot trading at Heathrow and Gatwick show that slot trading has taken place more likely within alliance and the chances have been very small for carriers to obtain slots from their actual or potential competitors. For the time being, there may be no need for additional regulatory interventions into secondary slot trading as there is little evidence of inefficient slot hoarding. However, the scarce opportunity of slot trading may lead to less intense competition and then to less efficient use of slots in the long run.
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K Jose, Sharon, und Girish G P. „Modelling and Forecasting Commodities Prices in Emerging Market: Lessons from the Preceding Super Cycle“. International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 5, Nr. 2 (17.09.2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v5i2.771.
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Futures trading is one of the oldest methods of trading and investing in commodities. History of commodities futures trading in India is interrupted, flabbergasted and disrupted unlike commodities future trading in Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), or London Metal Exchange (LME) where futures trading has been taking place uninterrupted for over a century. Prohibiting of futures trading in India in a large part of the last few decades has ensured research on commodities trading in India is still at an embryonic stage. In this study, we model Commodity prices of select Agriculture (Barley, Jeera, Sugar, and Pepper), Metal (Aluminium, Copper, Lead, and Gold), and Energy commodities (Crude Oil) in Indian Commodity Markets. Data during the Super-cycle period of commodities in India from 2003 to 2013 is used for the study and modeled using the state-space specification. The results of the study suggest that state-space specification and Kalman filter provides preeminent estimates for modeling and forecasting Indian commodity prices during the Super-cycle period. The results of the study provide crucial insights for pension funds, alternate investment funds, hedge funds and sovereign wealth funds worldwide to strategize better in the next expected super-cycle period of commodities post Covid-19 with burgeoning demand from developing economies of Asia and Africa.
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Kamalipour, Hesam, und Nastaran Peimani. „Negotiating Space and Visibility: Forms of Informality in Public Space“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 17 (03.09.2019): 4807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174807.
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Street trading has become integral to how public space works in cities of the global South. It cannot be considered as marginal since it gears to the urban economy and works as a key mode of income generation for the urban poor to sustain livelihoods. A poor understanding of how forms of street trading work in public space can lead to poor design and policy interventions. While many practices of formalization aim at the elimination of informality, the challenge is to explore the complex informal/formal relations and the dynamics of street trading to understand how forms of informality negotiate space and visibility in the public realm. In this paper, we propose a typology of street trading, based on the criteria of mobility within public space and proximity to public/private urban interfaces. While exploring the degrees of mobility in informal street trading can be crucial to the modes of governance and adaptability involved, of critical importance is to investigate how street trading takes place in relation to the built form—particularly the edges of public space where public/private interfaces enable or constrain exchange and appropriation. The developed typology provides a better understanding of the dynamics of street trading and contributes to the ways in which the built environment professions can most effectively engage with interventions in public space without eradicating the scope for informal adaptations.
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Bugge, Henriette. „Silk to Japan. Sino-Dutch Competition in the Silk Trade to Japan, 1663–1685“. Itinerario 13, Nr. 2 (Juli 1989): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004307.
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European expansion in Asia and the subsequent clashes between European trading companies and the trading systems of Asia have given rise to vivid discussions in the last decades. The discussions, ranging from Van Leur's theories of the tenacity of the indigenous ‘pedlar’-trade, to Steensgaard's theories of the structural superiority of the trading companies over their Asian competitors, have as yet been rather one-sided. Mostly, when comparing the two trading systems, the historians have concentrated on the trade which took place directly between Europe and Asia. Consequently, the competition between the ‘native’ Asian trade and the trade carried out by the companies have been discussed solely as an aspect of this bi-lateral trade. European participation in the intra-Asian distribution and re-distribution of goods has as yet not been fully discussed. Although authors like Holden Furber and K.N. Chaudhuri have acknowledged the need for further analysis of this subject, neither case-studies nor more theoretical works have appeared.
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QUIÑONES, JAVIER FERNANDO. „EL DELITO DE INSIDER TRADING EN ALEMANIA“. YachaQ Revista de Derecho, Nr. 9 (28.12.2018): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51343/yq.vi9.715.
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El autor realiza un estudio del tipo penal de Insider Trading en Alemania, revisando los antecedentes históricos, la normativa interna y comunitaria, resaltando los aspectos altamente técnicos de la prohibición, así como a las corrientes que aún hoy critican su existencia. Así mismo, se menciona el efecto de las investigaciones fiscales y sanciones que, si han tenido lugar en Alemania, destacando que la prohibición tiene efectos reales en los mercados.
ABSTRACT
The author does a study related to the criminal law prohibition of Insider Trading in Germany, reviewing the historical backgrounds, the intern and European community regulation, and highlighting the highly technical aspects of the criminalization, as well as the movements that still now critic its existence. Also, is mentioned the effect of the prosecutions and sanctions that had taken place in Germany, showing that the criminalization has real effects in the markets.
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STRÖMGREN, M., E. HOLM, Ö. DAHLSTRÖM, J. EKBERG, H. ERIKSSON, A. SPRECO und T. TIMPKA. „Place-based social contact and mixing: a typology of generic meeting places of relevance for infectious disease transmission“. Epidemiology and Infection 145, Nr. 12 (19.06.2017): 2582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001169.
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SUMMARYThis study aims to develop a typology of generic meeting places based on social contact and mixing of relevance for infectious disease transmission. Data were collected by means of a contact diary survey conducted on a representative sample of the Swedish population. The typology is derived from a cluster analysis accounting for four dimensions associated with transmission risk: visit propensity and its characteristics in terms of duration, number of other persons present and likelihood of physical contact. In the analysis, we also study demographic, socio-economic and geographical differences in the propensity of visiting meeting places. The typology identifies the family venue, the fixed activity site, the family vehicle, the trading plaza and the social network hub as generic meeting places. The meeting place typology represents a spatially explicit account of social contact and mixing relevant to infectious disease modelling, where the social context of the outbreak can be highlighted in light of the actual infectious disease.
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Hasibuan, Siti Fitri. „THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRADING PLACE STRATEGY TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN READING COMPREHENSION OF REPORT TEXT AT EIGHT GRADE OF MTS S. AL-HUSNA MARINDAL MEDAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019“. AICLL: ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 1, Nr. 1 (17.04.2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/aicll.v1i1.19.
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The objective of this research is to find out the improvement of the students’ ability in reading the report text by using the trading place strategy. The research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (Arikunto, 2006). The subject of this study was the nineth grade students in MTs S. AL-Husna, Medan, in academic year 2016/2017. The class consisted of 30 students. The data were taken from the students’ score, observation sheet, diary notes and documentation. Based on the reading tests, the students’ score kept improvement in every test: from pre-test to post test of cycle I and post test of cycle II. The improvement can also be proved by the result of observation sheet and diary notes. Therefore, It was found that teaching reading the report text by implementing the trading place strategy could improve the students’ ability in reading comprehension of the report text.
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Kratz, E. Ulrich. „Francis Light’s Place in the Trading System of Both Coasts of the Malay Peninsula“. Asian Journal of Social Science 40, Nr. 1 (2012): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853112x632584.
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Abstract Based on a close reading of Malay textual sources, this paper looks at the nature of the trading system in place in the Western Malay World towards the end of the 18th century and in particular the role Francis Light played within this system. Touching on Braudel’s broad concept of world theatre and world economy and on Van Leur’s seminal work on the periodization of Southeast Asian history post-Melaka, the paper intends to challenge established notions of the exercise of power and the nature of economic relations in the Malay World during the late 18th century.
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Pettigrew, William A. „The changing place of fraud in seventeenth-century public debates about international trading corporations“. Business History 60, Nr. 3 (30.10.2017): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1389901.
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Indrayuda, Anak Agung Gede Agung, und I. Made Sukartha. „Reaksi Pasar Modal Atas Kenaikan The Federal Funds Rate Pada Tanggal 26 September 2018“. E-Jurnal Akuntansi 29, Nr. 2 (25.11.2019): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v29.i02.p27.
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In the modern economic system, the role of the capital market is very important as a place where emiten and investors meet. Internal information and external information are needed by investors as a basis for consideration in investment decision making. By looking at the presence or absence of average abnormal returns and average trading volume activity around the event period, this study aims to examine the market reaction to the Federal Funds Rate increase on September 26, 2018. LQ45 is a stock index used as a sample in this study using a purposive sampling technique as a method in sample selection. This study uses one sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test as data analysis techniques. The finding of the significance of average trading volume activity around the event period indicates that the market reacted to the FFR increase on September 26, 2018. However, the results of the study showed no significance of average abnormal return around the event period. Keywords: event study, abnormal return, trading volume activity.
Keywords : Event Study; Abnormal Return; Trading Volume Activity.
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Arunagren und Widya Nayati. „REKONSTRUKSI PEKAN TIGA LINGGA, SUMATERA UTARA ABAD KE-19 (Studi Etnoarkeologi)“. Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala 22, Nr. 1 (25.01.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/bas.v22i1.395.
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Tiga Lingga is refers to marketplace which located in the hinterland of North Sumatera. Toponym of Tiga refers to pharse in Tamil Language, katika-t-tavalam, which means market or pekan. This place become market for hinterland comodities in 19th centuries in Kenegerian Lingga teritory. This research examines the trading activities of Tiga Lingga market in 19th century with ethnoarchaeology approach. This approach is used for answering system behind a symtom archaeological culture using ethnographic data for comparison. Tiga Lingga market it’s aspects in economic activity is used as comparison subject. Subjects were analyzed using analysis of cultural continuity for used to awnser the paradigm of archaeological science that reconstruct activity in the past. This reserch concludes that the trading activity of Tiga Lingga market have the same similarities with Tiga Lingga market trading activity in the 19th century. It can be proved from the marketplace, day, time market and some economic aspects that does not change. For conclusions, Tiga Lingga was an old market at least in 19th century, which trading activity is still survive.
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Azmi, M. „Transaksi Jual Beli Foreign Exchange Secara Online Perspektif Hukum Islam“. TERAJU 2, Nr. 02 (24.09.2020): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35961/teraju.v2i02.157.
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This article The development of the latest technology cannot be separated from its influence on the lifestyle trends and human economic behavior, as well as investment behavior. Forex online trading includes financial investments, especially in investments in the field of money markets and commodity futures exchanges. The author is of the view that the online forex trading transaction law is haram because it does not fulfill the pillars and conditions of sale and purchase and contains elements of gharar, maisir (gambling), usury and violates the provisions of al-sharf that is the element of speculation / chance, and this investment is classified in trading futures (future market) means the place / facility of buying and selling contracts for a number of commodities or financial instruments at a certain price whose agreed delivery of goods will be carried out in the future.
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Orhun, Eda. „A closing call’s impact on market quality: evidence from Abu Dhabi stock exchange“. Pacific Accounting Review 32, Nr. 1 (02.01.2020): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-08-2019-0107.
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Purpose This paper aims to look at the effects of the closing call auction on market quality and behavior by using the natural experiment of its introduction at the Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach Current paper studies the effect of closing call auction on various market quality factors such as liquidity, bid-ask spreads, volatility and market efficiency. Liquidity is proxied by trading volume. Bid-ask spreads provide a measure for the cost of trading in the market. Volatility is measured by using Parkinson’s (1980) volatility as in Huang and Tsai (2008). Last but not least, efficiency will be obtained by estimating a relative return dispersion measure as in Huang and Tsai (2008). Findings The introduction of the closing call auction leads to a significant decrease in the trading volume toward the end of the continuous trading. At the same time, trading activity taking place during the call auction significantly increases. This implies a redistribution of liquidity. The implementation of the closing call auction also improves market quality by reducing market inefficiency in terms of firm-specific noise. The study also documents that there exists no significant change in the cost of trading and intraday volatility in the post-period following the adoption of closing call auction. Originality/value This current study is the first one looking at this topic for the Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange. Specifically, this paper looks at the changes in trading volume, bid-ask spreads, intraday return volatility and market efficiency after the implementation of the closing call mechanism.
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Rejnuš, O. „The present significance of commodity exchange trading in the conditions of the current world economy “. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 11 (17.02.2012): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5056-agricecon.
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The paper discusses the importance of commodity exchange trading while placing a special emphasis on the increasingly close interconnection between commodity markets and financial instruments markets. The aim of the paper is to prove that at present, commodity markets cannot be seen as strictly separate from markets trading in financial instruments, as there are increasingly close links between the two, which effectively lead to the transfer of financial resources invested in the financial market into the real economy. The paper analyses the most significant ties that already exist between the commodities and financial investment instruments in the financial and capital market, as well as the links that are very likely to come into existence in the near future. In the concluding part, there is a summary of the reasons that will necessarily lead to a further world-wide development of commodity exchange trading and a prediction of the lines along which this development is likely to take place.
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Susanti, Retno. „PEMANFAATAN WARISAN KEDATUAN SRIWIJAYA SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN“. Siddhayatra: Jurnal Arkeologi 24, Nr. 2 (16.12.2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/siddhayatra.v24i2.154.
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Sriwijaya Kadatuan founded by Dapunta Hiyang Sri Janayasa in 682 had been widely developed and later became as one the famous maritime kingdom in the history. Most of the people lived from sailing and trading. This fact was closely related to the availability of ample natural resources they used for trading commodities. Sumatra had been a well- known place for trading goods based on forest and mining products, as well as other natural resources. Having these wealthy commodities, many foreigners from overseas countries such as Arab, Persian, Indian, and Chinese, had been deliberately come to visit Sriwijaya for trading. The existence of Sriwijaya in Sumatera along with its rich natural resources and its vital position in regional trading had triggered the place turn out into the prominent kingdom. During 8-12 century, this kedatuan had controlled over Melaka strait; a main sailing and trading channels during the period. Moreover, Kadatuan Sriwijaya presumably had taken control over the western sea of archipelago. Although the existence of Sriwijaya have been widely known, in actual fact, most of the people have not yet well informed about its preeminence in the past. This is because a number of valuable information still tied up. The similar circumstances in educational setting, inadequate information about Sriwijaya have an effect on the children’s understanding and perception on glorious and great values of our nation in the past. Even if there were some accessible information, but they were only scrappy and extraneous historiographies. As the consequences, a number of important aspects for the historical information have faded away that brought about barriers to the children in appreciating the historical inheritances from the past. Considering the important of recognizing the historical inheritances for our national living, there should be an adequate knowledge and understanding on the historical inheritance to be passed on to children since the early beginning. So, the utilization of historical inheritance as the learning resources in education becomes a need and a necessity. Therefore, the process for digging great values from the past prominent could be used in more appropriate and meaningful for the purpose of nowadays and future needs.
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SMITH, RANSFORD. „Size matters“. World Trade Review 3, Nr. 3 (November 2004): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745604002046.
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The two papers address questions related to the role and place of small, developing countries in the global trading system and in multilateral trade negotiations, reflecting the resurgence of interest in recent years in size-related constraints to development and to participation of small economies in international trade.
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Huang, Wenli, Hai Lu und Xiaolu Wang. „Option Backdating Announcements and Information Advantage of Institutional Investors“. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 35, Nr. 4 (12.07.2018): 696–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x18782366.
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This article uses transaction-level fund trading data from the United States to study the information advantage of institutional investors. Our research design follows a two-step procedure. In the first step, we identify funds that sell shares in firms before their unexpected revelation of stock option backdating (BD) investigations, and thus establish fund–firm pairs of interest. In the second step, we focus on trading that takes place at other times and find that the funds are more likely to make correct trades before the earnings announcements of their paired firms and that their trading performance for paired firms is better in general. This superior performance, however, is more evident in the pre-BD-announcement period and for firms whose BD investigations are initiated internally. The results imply that although institutions have access to private information on certain firms, this advantage disappears after the BD revelation, possibly due to reduced information leakage.
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Bromley, Rosemary D. F. „Market-place Trading and the Transformation of Retail Space in the Expanding Latin American City“. Urban Studies 35, Nr. 8 (Juli 1998): 1311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098984376.
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Ronen, Joshua, Joseph Tzur und Varda (Lewinstein) Yaari. „Legal insider trading, CEO’s incentives, and quality of earnings“. Corporate Ownership and Control 4, Nr. 3 (2007): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i3c1p4.
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The recent accounting scandals brought into light the failure of corporate governance mechanisms to curbing earnings management. This study focuses on the insiders who design the managers’ compensation contracts. The contract designers are seen as lacking the financial expertise to correctly uncover the true outcome. However by virtue of their knowledge of the contract details, they can discern the likelihood that the firm’s public report is not truthful. Modeling the firm as a principalagent contract, we show that insiders induce earnings management and make trading gains by designing suboptimal incentives. Given that our results are driven largely by the lack of these directors’ financial expertise, our study has the policy implication that inclusion of financial experts in compensation committees can contribute to transparencies under the current insider trading rules in place
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Lobão, Júlio, und Maria Eva Jerke. „Short-term Overreaction in American Depository Receipts“. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 67, Nr. 4 (2020): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2020-0023.
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In this paper we examine for the first time the short-term predictability of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) in reaction to extreme price movements. Based on an analysis of 2,911 extreme price movements that took place within either normal trading hours or after-hours in the period 2001-2019, we conclude that those extreme returns were on average followed by significant reversals. This response represents an overreaction in prices, which challenges the weak version of the efficient market hypothesis. Price reversals are especially pronounced following extreme returns observed during after-hours, which lends support to the assertion that ADR markets are particularly inefficient during this trading period. These findings carry important implications for both market practitioners and regulators.
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Chi, Manjiao. „Global Trade Governance at a Time of Great Transformation: Why the WTO Is Inadequate for Defending “Fair Trade”?“ Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 114 (2020): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.38.
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In his book titled The Great Transformation, Karl Polanyi analyzed the social and political upheavals that took place in England during the rise of the market economy. The period referred by Karl Polanyi has long passed, but the global economic development is standing at a historical crossroad once again, in the era of globalization and free trade. Profound changes in international trade and investment governance have taken place in recent years. Among these changes, the crisis of the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the center is outstanding and significant.
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Oltarzhevskii, V. P., und N. N. Puzynya. „Factory of the English East India Company in Hirado (Japan)“. Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 36 (2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.36.83.
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The article analyzes the events that took place in Japan at the beginning of the 17th century, when the first English EICo mission arrived in the Land of the Rising Sun and founded a trading post in Hirado. It shows rivalry with other European traders, who, for various reasons, were ahead of the British in establishing trade relations with Japan. It was in the person of the Dutch that English merchants encountered not only serious competitors, but sometimes open enemies. The main directions of activity of the management of the trading post for the organization of trade expeditions to the markets of countries neighboring with Japan, such as Korea and China, as well as to Southeast Asia (Cochinhina, Siam) are highlighted. Shown is the work of Richard Cocks as the head of the EICo trading post in Hirado, who paid great attention to establishing relations with the Japanese authorities at all levels, primarily with the shogun government in Edo. Based on the versatile activities of R. Cocks as head of the trading post in Hirado, it is concluded that he sought to be useful not only to the EICo and the country as a whole, and the failure of the English trade enterprise in Japan was due to many objective and subjective reasons.
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Mehler, Natascha, Guðmundur Ólafsson, Bart Holterman, Joris Coolen, Ragnar Edvardsson und Torbjörn Brorsson. „Gautavik - a trading site in Iceland re-examined“. AmS-Skrifter, Nr. 27 (06.01.2020): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i27.278.
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Gautavík is a well-known archaeological site on the east coast of Iceland. It was partially excavated in 1979 and interpreted as a seasonal occupied trading site, abandoned shortly after c. 1500. However, recent archaeological research on the excavated ceramics, which hitherto had not been studied in detail, raised doubts about the interpretation regarding the dating and function of the site. New research was then initiated that included an investigation of written documents in the archives of Bremen, Hamburg, and Copenhagen, pertaining to the trade with Iceland during the sixteenth century. On the basis of the new results presented here we now interpret Gautavík to have been a trading harbour that also included a farm, at least periodically, occupied from the late twelfth century, at the latest, until shortly before 1600. Gautavík was a place of supra-regional importance, being the main port of entry in Berufjörður during the medieval period. In the sixteenth century, however, Gautavík lost its importance. This was a period of intensive trade of German merchants with Iceland, and after Bremen and Hamburg merchants established Djúpivogur and Fýluvogur at the entrance of the fjord c. 1570, both gradually superseded Gautavík, such that shortly before 1600 trade was no longer conducted there.
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Hunt, Kenneth A., und William Hodkin. „The Criticality Of Cultural Awareness In Global Marketing: Some Case Examples“. Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 8, Nr. 1 (22.12.2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v8i1.6735.
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International trade has taken place for thousands of years. One might assume that with such a long history, those involved with international business would have learned how it is done. For the most part, the major players are sensitive to cultural differences and how important it is to conduct business within the boundaries of the prevailing culture. However, there are hundreds of examples of cultural faux pas. This paper focuses on some of the top trading partners with the United States and the business opportunities that they represent. It also addresses general business etiquette guidelines that should be understood and applied when working with the key trading partners. Several cultural business missteps are presented to illustrate that the simplest decision can lead to embarrassment or worse, major economic loss. The need to research foreign cultural and language differences is just as important as researching the market for sales opportunities. In the global marketplace, the players who are aware and sensitive to the culture of their trading partners have a greater probability of success, than those who do not.