Dissertationen zum Thema „Traction mécanique“
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Care, Sabine. „Plasticité et endommagement du zirconium alpha-polycristallin déformé en traction à la température ambiante“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRistagno, Baptiste. „Machines à commutateur mécanique pour traction automobile : modélisation et optimisation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research work carried out in this thesis is part of a context of vehicle electrification in response to environmental concerns. This thesis focuses on the modeling and optimization of commutator machines used in powertrains of small electric vehicles. This kind of machines represents an alternate solution due to their competitiveness, robustness and reliability mainly due to the absence of power electronics. Nevertheless, they require compensation windings and commutation poles to improve their performances. Commutator power supply makes it necessary to take into account electrical dynamics in numerical magnetic modeling by finite elements. That is why, it is crucial to develop a model allowing a strong coupling in the sense of the variational formulation, of magnetic problem, external electrical circuit and finally current flow problem at the commutator interface. In this context, the use of a modeling opensource platform ONELAB has led to the development of an original model that performs projection of physical properties and sources on a fixed mesh. This method avoids remeshing during iterative processes such as geometric optimization or movement modeling. This method has led to the dynamic coupling of the magnetic problem and the external electrical circuit to the current flow formulation at the commutator interface as well as to prospects for multi-physical simulations at this interface. Finally, the choice of an optimization algorithm adapted to the numerical models (black box with a high evaluation cost) allowed the development of a tool for the design of commutator machines adapted to many topologies in order to fulfill industrial requirements
Milloud, Rachel. „Approche mécanique de l'adhésion cellulaire, ouverture au diagnostic“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCell ability to sense mechanical properties of their microenvironment is crucial for tissue homeostasis which means their capacity to maintain mechanical integrity as they are submitted to external forces.Integrins have been highlighted as mechanotransducers able to form micro-scale structures called focal adhesion sites which mechanically link cells to the extracellular matrix by recruiting various adaptors. Both b1 and b3 integrins have been identified as the principal actors of tensional homeostasis. However as the resulting mechanotransduction processes are intrinsically dynamic, the respective and cooperative roles b1 and b3 integrins need to be addressed over time and space.In the present work, coupling time-resolved traction force microscopy and genetics approaches, we investigated the respective role of b1 and b3 integrins in active force generation at the single cell level. Our findings show that b1 integrins has an essential role in generation of cellular traction forces, b1 integrin-generated force is negatively regulated by b3 integrins which impacts the redistribution of b1 integrin containing adhesion through its ability to bind to talin and kindlin, b3 integrin supports min-scale temporal regulation of cellular contractile activity generated by b1 integrin. Finally, cell mechanical equilibrium relies on the ability of cells to maintain a fixed contractile moment.I also participated in two others studies in the framework of collaborations in which I used the traction force microscopy as a diagnostic tool to observe the effect of contractile forces in the formation of the aortic lumen and the formation of proplatelets. I was able to confirm that the protein amotL2 connecting the contractile fibers to VE-cadherin, is involved in intercellular forces necessary for the formation of the aortic lumen. And in a second collaboration, where I found by using traction force microscopy that the contractility of megakaryocytes via its actomyosin system, is necessary for the formation proplatelets
Duvernoy, Marie-Cécilia. „Mécanique de croissance d'une micro-colonie bactérienne“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we propose a framework to understand the morphogenesis of two-dimensional microcolonies. In particular, we have explored how growth and adhesion of individual cells compete during microcolony extension. We have shown (i) that isolated cells display an asymmetry in their adhesion, which is higher at the old pole, (ii) that bacterial elongation can result in pushing forces inside the colony. Since the combination of these two effects is expected to produce mechanical stress at the scale of the microcolony, we have developed a method to measure the resulting adhesion forces using deformable substrates. We have demonstrated that focal adhesions are dynamically established and ruptured, with a bias towards the old poles. We have also probed the role of adhesion in the shape of the colony. We have shown that polar adhesion drives the transition from a linear to a two-dimensional growth after the first division. At larger colony sizes, the level of adhesion continues to correlate with the global shape of the colony. Finally, adhesion is involved in the transition from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional colony. Taken together, our results suggest that the expression of adhesins and their location at the surface of the cells could be levers by which bacteria actively modulate the shape of the group in which they reside
Chrysochoos, André. „Dissipation et blocage d'énergie lors d'un écrouissage en traction simple“. Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNaceri, Abdelghani. „Caractérisation du comportement mécanique de composites renforcés par tissus en traction uniaxiale à différents taux d'humidité“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKetata, Mahmoud. „Construction d'un modèle élastique fragile anisotrope endommagé en traction-torsion“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1451_mketata.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWoessner, Philippe. „Influence d'un traitement thermique sur la résistance mécanique du bois“. Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13615.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChergui, M'Hamed. „Influence de surcharges de compression, de traction ou de traction précédée ou suivie de surcharges de compression dans le cas d'un acier inoxydable austénitique Z3CND1712 : modélisation du phénomène“. Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/Chergui.Mhamed_1.SMZ8629.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumont, Christian. „Endommagement de métaux à matrice ductile en traction quasi statique et dynamique“. Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurkawi, Mohamad. „Comportement mécanique des files de coton encollés soumis aux sollicitations de traction à grande vitesse“. Mulhouse, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MULH0882.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical properties studied in textile testing are not representative of the real properties of yarns during the processing by weaving. So it is necessary to know precisely the mechanical behaviour of yarn when these yarns are subjected to such solicitations. The aim of our thesis is to develop a new measuring apparatus, a new methodology to study the properties and the characteristics of yarns when those are subjected to identical solicitations even higher than observed during weaving process. This allows to study the incidence of the variations of the parameters (count, twist) on the properties of yarn as a fonction of the strain rate. Initially, we developed a new apparatus which has a constant elongation speed and a high deformation speed up to 200 s'. In the second time, we prepared in our laboratory a set of yarns by means of ring spinning, namely three different counts 20 - 60-100 tex with three twists coefficient different 4=90, 110, 130. The varions yarns types were sized in industry by means of two different sizes (R, S) with three different levels (4%, 8%, 16%), by means of a winding and slashing machine, under industrial conditions. We carried out series of tests by means of elassic4 dynamometers and our apparatus. The first enables us to work at a speed ranging from 0. 5 up to 5 m/min. Ldter, these yarns were subjected to high speed ranging from 1 up to 20 m/s by means of the new dynamometer and one thus could emphasize for example, that the energy of rupture increases with the increase of the speed. This enabled us to prepare rheologic models behaviour. Afterwards, a model of behaviour of sized yarn was elaborated which was based on a materials composite type approach
Sallem-Idrissi, Naïma. „Comportement mécanique et évolution structurale induite dans des films multicouches à base de polyamide 6 et de polyéthylène“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10084/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the mechanical behaviour and structural evolution of coextruded blown multilayer films composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene (PE) under uniaxial and biaxial stretching. Phase transformations and molecular orientation have been investigated by both X-ray scattering and infrared trichroism using three-dimensional infrared technique. Analysis of the undeformed multilayers has shown that the structural and thermal properties of each layer were similar to that of the pure component and were not affected by the other material. Concerning the mechanical behaviour, the stress level of the multilayer films lies between those of the pure component and in uniaxial drawimg, It can be descnbed by a simple additive law mixture. Whereas the strain at break is governed by PA6 under uniaxial drawing, the biaxial stretchabllity of the PA6 layer is improved with PE fraction. Regarding the structural evolution, a gradual disorder-order transition occurs with deformation in the PA6 layer. This transition is simllar whatever the film composition under uniaxial drawing. By contrast, under biaxial drawing, the ß~~a transformation is delayed with the addition of PE. This result points at that biaxial deformation in the multilayer films proceeds with different plastic processes from those implied in pure components. Additionally, a critical level of a content in the PA6 layer has been identified to produce the failure of the multilayer structure
Nierenberger, Mathieu. „Mécanique multiéchelles des parois vasculaires : expérimentation, imagerie, modélisation“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966831.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAstudillo, de la Vega Esteban. „Etude expérimentale du comportement mécanique d'un béton fibré à ultra hautes performances (BFUHP) en traction biaxiale“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimon, Frédéric. „Endommagement et rupture des joints collés sollicités en traction ou cisaillement : application au collage du bois“. Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoilâne, Christophe. „CARACTÉRISATION MÉCANIQUE DES MATÉRIAUX EN FAIBLE ÉPAISSEUR PAR INTERFÉROMÉTRIE NUMÉRIQUE. APPLICATION AUX ESSAIS DE GONFLEMENT ET DE TRACTION“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326993.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa projection de franges permet de mesurer la carte des déplacement hors-plan. Elle est adaptée à la mesure des contraintes résiduelles dans les films minces par analyses de courbure et/ou essais de gonflement. On montre suite à trois études expérimentales :
1. la précaution à prendre dans l'utilisation de la formule de Stoney même pour des bicouches libre-libre (SiO2/Si) ;
2. la présence de flambage dans les membranes bicouches comprimées encastré-encastré (SiO2/Si) ;
3. un parfait accord entre essais de gonflement et essais de nano-indentation pour des films tendus (polimiide).
La photographie numérique de speckle permet de mesurer la carte des déplacements dans le plan. Elle est adaptée avec succès à un banc d'essais de traction conçu durant la thèse et spécialement dédié aux films minces. Un algorithme original de calcul a été développé pour obtenir une résolution subpixel. Les performances de l'algorithme sont comparées par des simulations et des expériences aux algorithmes classiques de corrélation. Sa rapidité et sa haute résolution permettent de calculer les cartes de déplacements en temps réel. Les déformations dans le plan en sont déduites et permettent le tracé des courbes contrainte/déformation puis le calcul du module d'Young E et du coefficient de Poisson v. Les matériaux choisis pour valider le banc d'essai sont le cuivre électrodéposé, matériaux ductile, puis le silicium monocristallin, matériaux fragile.
Gy, René. „Étude de l'endommagement mécanique dans un tissu composite carbone-époxy sous sollicitation de traction uniaxiale et quasi-statique“. Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI257.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAddiego, Frédéric. „Caractérisation de la variation volumique du polyethylène au cours de la deformation plastique en traction et en fluage“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_ADDIEGO_F.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical behavior of polyethylene with a rubbery amorphous phase is determined by the means of the VidéoTraction© system under uniaxial tension and creep. This technique gives access to the constitutive behavior but also to the volume strain of a representative volume element situated at the center of the neck. It is found that the stress - strain curves depend on experimental conditions and on the microstructure of the polyethylene. The most unexpected result is the evolution of volume strain: one notes a competition between a compaction phenomenon and a dilatation process after the initial elastic expansion. Other densitometric techniques (microtomography, radiography, hydrostatic weighing) have been used to measure volume variation of the materials, and a critical evaluation of experimental errors arising from our video extensometer has been carried out. From theses studies, it is concluded that volume dilatation is the leading phenomenon while compaction effect are of second order. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations have been performed on diferent déformation states in order to identify the microscopic origin of recorded volume changes. The overall behavior is controlled both by the evolution of the solid polymer matrix and by the development of cavitation. The polymer matrix is affected by two opposite processes that compensate nearly exactly one another: dilatation due to crystalline order destruction and compaction due to orientation of amorphous chains. As such, cavitation is the most active mechanism that controls macroscopic volume strain. A theoretical damage factor predicting the experimental dilatation amplitude has been developed from the microstructural parameters of the polyethylene. The overall mechanical equations have been decomposed into an intrinsic component (the matrix behavior) and a volume component (the cavitation behavior)
Mazé, Benoît. „Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique de non-tissés aiguilletés soumis à une sollicitation uniaxiale de traction“. Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEddouhbani, Jamal. „Etude théorique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique des assemblages métalliques collés“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValle, Roger. „Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes fondamentaux de déformation et de rupture des matériaux cristallins en traction et en fatigue“. Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaboussa, David. „Modélisation de la transition traction-cisaillement des métaux sous choc par la X-FEM“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943420.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKobeissi, Alaa. „Caractérisation mécanique des matériaux composites à partir d'un essai de traction biaxiale intégrant l'effet des chemins de déformation“. Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAR0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContinuous fiber composite materials have become extensively used in most engineering applications due to their high specific mechanical properties. Uniaxial tests are mostly used for the characterization of composite materials because of their simplicity and low cost. However, these tests are not adapted for the characterization of the behavior of these materials subjected to multiaxial stress state. For a better characterization of their behavior, biaxial tests were developed. Among different biaxial testing techniques, the in-plane biaxial testing of cruciform specimen is one of the most known methods. However, the main difficulty of this method is the design of a cruciform specimen that fails in the center. ln this work, a new cruciform specimen is designed for the biaxial tensile testing of plain-weave glass/epoxy composite. The final dimensions of the specimen are defined by a numerical parametric study while respecting some experimental constraints such as biaxial tensile machine capacity. An experimental validation is performed on two plain-weave glass/epoxy composites with different thicknesses. The tests were performed under different biaxial loading conditions. The strain distribution in the central zone of the specimen are obtained using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The failure envelop is generated and compared to the predictions of three failure criteria (Max Stress, Max Stram, and Norris)
Nguyễn, Xuân Hùng. „Sur une modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un câble soumis à des sollicitations combinées de traction et de torsion“. Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLacombe, Geneviève. „Détermination de la forgeabilité à froid des aciers à bas taux de carbone par essais de compression et de traction“. Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNier, Vincent Philippe. „Estimation statistique des propriétés physiques de monocouches cellulaires“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066233/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEpithelial cells are known to form cohesive monolayers, a form of tissue organization encountered in the lung, the kidney or the skin. From in vitro experiments, we have characterized the mechanical properties of cell monolayers. We have studied the closure of circular wounds over a nonadhesive substrate. Comparing different models, we have shown how closure is possible thanks to a contractile acto-myosin cable and to fluctuations of the tissue tension. Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) allows to measure the forces that cells exert on their substrate. Starting from this measurement and using the force balance equations, we have solved this underdetermined problem by Bayesian inversion and obtained the internal stress field of the tissue. Applying this method on single images (BISM: Bayesian Inversion Stress Microscopy), and adapting it with a Kalman filter for movies (KISM: Kalman Inversion Stress Microscopy) we have inferred the stress tensor of cell monolayers, without making any hypothesis on the tissue rheology. Finally, we have estimated the stresses directly from the substrate displacements, without computing the traction forces and thus reducing the number of matrix inversions (BISMu: Bayesian Inversion Stress Microscopy from substrate displacements)
Faurie, Damien. „Etude du comportement élastique de films minces métalliques : expérimentations par traction in-situ dans un diffractomètre et modélisation“. Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is dedicated to the study of elastic properties in supported thin film. A local probe has been developed to characterized theses properties: X-ray diffraction with in-situ tensile testing. This study needs to develop a methodology from experimental and modeling point of view. The strains measured by X-ray diffraction were modeled by develop analytical solutions based on Reuss and Voigt assumptions. This approach allowed a description of elastic behavior of thin films. Noticeably, we emphasized effects due to the strong local elastic anisotropy and we identified elastic constants of non-textured and strongly textured thin films. To complete this work, homogenization methods allowed a more representative description of thin films behavior. Especially, the ratio of the length of the principal axis of the Eshelby's ellipsoid in the self-consistent model is a judicious parameter in order to describe the columnar structure inherent of thin films
Syerko, Oléna. „Tensile and bending behavior of dry fibrous materials : experimental study and modeling by multi-scale asymptotic homogenization approach“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDry fiber reinforcements used in structural composites consist of arrangements of yarns themselves consisting of alignments of thousands of fibers. Due to the complex multi-scale architecture and low cohesion between their constituents, they exhibit tensile properties several orders of magnitude higher than the bending ones. This work aims at studying the tensile and bending behaviors of fibrous materials, taking into account their meso-scale architecture, both experimentally and analytically. Woven fabrics, owing a periodic and corrugated geometry of their inter-weaved yarns, are under consideration. A new methodology has been developed for the modeling of the stress-strain state of corrugated structures (with fastly variable parameters) re-projecting applied forces, moments, and displacements on the neutral axis of the structure. The exact solutions for the problems about tension and bending of a beam have been obtained. In parallel, fabrics and constituting yarns have been tested on a bending set-up based on the cantilever principle. Tensile tests have also been performed on yarns extracted from the considered fabrics. Tensile and bending properties of yarns have been identified from tests coupling image analysis and inverse method. In general, the experimental results have demonstrated the link between the structure with corrugated constituents and its mechanical response to loadings. Also, they have justified the applicability of the multi-scale homogenization method for the prediction of effective properties. Finally, the approach permits to set and to efficiently solve the problem of the optimal design of fibrous materials from the crimped constituents geometry
Qu, Zhengwei. „Contribution à l'étude de l'endommagement et de la rupture des élastomères sous chargements monotones et cycliques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKnowledge of the behavior of rubber matenals is an important issue for the design of components and mechanical structures Whether under monotonic or cyclic loading, uniaxial or multiaxial, these properties must be known in order to build strong predictive tools of Iife duration. ln the literature review, after a presentation of physieo-chemical properties of elastomeric materials, models to deseribe their monotonic behavior are discussed. The mechanisms of damage (Mullins effect, stress softening ... ) and features related to fatigue and fracture of these materials are also presented. ln a second part, dealing with cyclic loading, we first focus on the Mullins effect. Experiments conducted on a SBR, highlight this mechanism of damage. Based on the work of Miehe, predicted responses by this model lead to a suitable agreement with the expenmental data. Further, we investigate the prediction of lifetime fatigue using the detimtion of damage givcn by Lemaitre. On the basis of a 4th order strain energy density of Ogden, a model developed by Wang to calculate the lifetime of an elastomer is generalized. This simple model requiring only two parameters to be identified, gives predicted values in agreement with expenmental data in the uniaxial loadmg. The limlts of such a modelling when applied to multiaxial loading are also presented. ln the third part, our purpose is to develop a predictive tool for fracture of rubbers under multiaxial but monotonic loading. Based on the concept of intrinsic defect, and usmg fracture mechanics, finite element simulations under biaxial loading allow to build a yield curve in the principal stretches coordmates and in the case of plane stress. The predieted values are in quite good agreement with experimental data for two different materials (NR and SBR). Finally, attempts to generalize this approaeh for cases where cavitation is the main mechanism of degradation is highlighted
Chaudemanche, S. „Caractérisation in situ de l'endommagement volumique par spectroscopie Raman et rayon X de différents polypropylènes déformés en traction uniaxiale“. Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005656.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDinkel, Olivier. „Etude et modélisation de l'endommagement d'un assemblage collé bois-bois sollicité en traction“. Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Dinkel.Olivier.SMZ9706.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoints, which are essential parts of timber structures, must be designed to support expected loads during the life of the structure. The scarf joint is present in many elements, mainly in glulam structures. The behaviour before fracture of such joints is the object of this study. The cumulated damage of the joint is followed during the loading. The joint is considered as composed from wood, wood+adhesive, adhesive. A number of damage tests has been made. These tests have been purchased till fracture occurs. It is deduced from them that the adhesive part is the only one which is damaged during the loading. The corresponding damage law is identified and the model is verified with a finite elements computation
Makala, Jérôme. „Modélisation d'un variateur toroidal ; études théorique et expérimentale des contacts de traction en régime élastohydrodynamique“. Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2257.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZidane, Ibrahim. „Développement d'un banc d'essai de traction biaxale pour la caracterisation de la formabilité et du comportement élastoplastique de tôles métalliques“. Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSheet metal forming processes (stamping, hydroforming, incremental forming,. . . ) are currently used in the industry. Improving the prediction of numerical simulation tools requires an accurate identification of behavior law and formability limits of the sheet material. These material properties must be identified under conditions close to those encountered in the considered forming processes. For this purpose, the biaxial tensile test in the plane of the sheet has been selected among other techniques of biaxial solicitation. In this study, a biaxial testing apparatus is developed with the aim of identifying, from one rheological test, the behavior law and the formability limits of the studied material under static or dynamic solicitations. The experimental device is a servo-hydraulic testing machine provided with four hydraulic actuators in a horizontal configuration. The capacity of each actuator is 50kN, the speed on each axis can reach 2m/s. Linear and nonlinear loading paths can be applied. The biaxial tests were performed on a flat specimen called « cruciform specimen ». The optimum geometry of this one is defined from a parametric study on different shapes of cruciform specimens used in previous works. The main difficulty to design an appropriate cruciform specimen shape is to ensure the onset of localized necking in the central zone of the specimen to control the strain path imposed by the displacement of the actuators. During testing, the central area of the specimen is filmed and an image correlation technique is used to obtain the deformation field in the specimen. Thereafter, the experimental procedure and the geometry of the specimen are validated by mean of experimental tests on an aluminum alloy AA2017. A specific procedure for detecting the onset of localized necking on the cruciform specimen is then proposed. An aluminum alloy AA5086 sheet is then studied from experimental investigations. The experimental forming limit curve (FLC) of this sheet is then established from the procedure defined above. The experimental curves force/displacement are used to identify a constitutive law by inverse method using a finite element model (EF) of the biaxial tensile test. The use of a local measure of the deformation in the identification process of the rheological law is then presented. The behavior law is identified and implemented in the FE model of the biaxial tensile test to determine the numerical FLC of the studied material. Finally, the experimental and numerical FLC are compared to the one obtained on the same material by a Marciniak testing device
Chomette, Sébastien. „Etude des évolutions microstructurales et comportement mécanique des alliages base nickel 617 et 230 à haute température“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT030G/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh Temperature Reactors (HTR), is one of the innovative nuclear reactor designed to be inherently safer than previous generation and to produce minimal waste. The most critical metallic component in that type of reactor is the Intermediate Heat eXchanger (IHX). The constraints imposed by the conception and the severe operational conditions (high temperature of 850°C to 950°C, lifetime of 20,000 h) have guided the IHX material selection toward two solid solution nickel base alloys, the Inconel 617 and the Haynes 230. Inconel 617 is the primary candidate alloy thanks to its good high temperature mechanical and corrosion properties and the large data base developed in previous programs. However, its high cobalt content has to be considered as an issue (nuclear activation). The more recent alloy Haynes 230, in which most of the cobalt has been replaced by tungsten, present characteristics similar to the 617 alloy. The objective of this thesis is to study the high temperature mechanical behaviour of both alloys in relation with their microstructural evolutions. The as received microstructural observations have revealed primary carbides (M6C). Most of this precipitates are evenly distributed in the materials. Few M23C6 secondary carbides are observed in both alloys in the as received state. Thermal ageing treatments at 850°C lead to an important M23C6 precipitation on slip lines and at grain boundaries. The size of this carbides increases and their number decreases with increasing ageing duration. The intragranular precipitation of secondary carbides at 950°C is more limited and the intergranular evolution more important than at 850°C. The microstructural observations and the hardness evolution of both alloys show that the main microstructural evolutions occur before 1,000 h at both studied temperatures. The mechanical properties of the Inconel 617 and the Haynes 230 have been studied using tensile, creep, fatigue and relaxation-fatigue tests. Particularly, the properties at 850°C and 950°C have been evaluated using several stress levels (creep), strain rates (tensile) and relaxation duration (fatigue). The effects of initial treatments have also been studied, i.e.ageing treatments effects on creep and tensile properties and cold-work effects on creep properties. At high temperature, the as received Inconel 617 does not show classical creep behaviour. This study shows the importance of the fast carbides precipitation on their mechanical properties, despite the fact that the Inconel 617 and the Haynes 230 are listed as solid solution alloys. Low cycle fatigue tests with and without holding time have been performed at 850°C under air and under vacuum on both alloys. The results showed that cyclic hardening, cyclic stability and life time are closely related to the duration of the holding time. Furthermore, a single thermally activated mechanism operates over a very wide range of strain rates, corresponding to tensile tests, creep and relaxation. The link between microstructure and mechanical behaviour presented in this thesis helps to determine the advantages as the operation limits of each alloy in order to manufacture a nuclear power plant heat exchanger
Soeharto, Soeharto. „Étude des mécanismes d'amorçage et de propagation des microfissures en traction-torsion à partir de deux nuances d'un alliage d'aluminium 7175-T7351“. Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLechat, Céline. „Comportement mécanique de fibres et d'assemblages de fibres en polyester pour câbles d'amarrage de plates-formes offshore“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280511.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans le but d'une caractérisation multi-échelle, des essais mécaniques (principalement traction, fluage et sollicitation cyclique) ont été réalisés sur des assemblages de taille variable, allant de câbles de plusieurs centaines de kN de force à rupture aux plus petits de leurs composants, les
filaments. De fortes corrélations ont été observées entre le comportement quasi-statique des assemblages et celui des filaments, montrant que les effets de construction des assemblages sont limités et facilement identifiés. Le comportement des filaments est lui-même associé à des
mécanismes se déroulant à l'échelle moléculaire. En revanche, les résultats obtenus sous sollicitation
cyclique ont montré que la considération des mécanismes pouvant provoquer la rupture de filaments
individuels (fluage, fatigue en tension, échauffement par hystérésis...) ne suffit pas à expliquer la rupture des câbles. Ceci implique l'intervention d'autres mécanismes, propres aux assemblages, du type abrasion.
La comparaison des résultats obtenus pour les deux matériaux a montré que le PEN, très peu étudié jusqu'à ce jour, présente un comportement mécanique très proche de celui du PET.
Jacques, Didier. „Transfert de charge entre fibre et matrice dans les composites carbone-resine : comportement en traction d'un modèle monofilamentaire“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRevaux, Thierry. „Essais de caractérisation mécanique d'alliages métalliques après refusion et solidification in situ“. Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6951ee34-db16-4128-a234-31197a341776.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOvono, Ovono Delavand. „Recyclabilité des alliages d'aluminium de fonderie : Influence des éléments résiduels sur la microstructure et le comportement mécanique“. Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1549.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCast aluminium alloys make popular candidates for automotive applications and in particular on the fabrication of cylinder head and engine block materials. For the development of a new cylinder head and in order to lower the costs of provision at the refiner, we have chosen to increase the iron, manganese, and zinc contents used in AS7U3G alloys. The effect of residual element on the microstructure and mechanicals properties of two cast aluminium alloys, the reference AS7U3G and the AS9U3G with a high content in residuals elements, in T5 state, has been studied. Fatigue, tensile, and microhardness tests were performed and the test data were analyzed in relation with the evolution of microstructure. The results of tensile and low cycle fatigue tests showed that stresses levels in the two alloys were identical, but some differences appear at the level of precipitation evolution; And the fatigue life defers considerably because of the significant number of intermetallics compounds and volume fraction of pores in the AS9U3G alloy which are fatigue cracks initiation sites
Garcia, Juan-Manuel. „Caractérisation mécanique d'alliages de titane soudés par friction linéaire“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical properties in terms of tensile behaviour, fatigue strength and toughness of Linear FrictionWelded (LFW) Titanium (Ti) alloys were studied and compared to the parent materials' (PM) behaviour. LFWis a solid state joining process that could be used for assembling heavily loaded structures in the aerospaceindustry. Since the Weld Centre Zone (WCZ) of a similar Ti6242 LFW joint exhibited overmatching strength,its fracture mechanisms and ductility were investigated by micro-tensile tests using notched specimens. Theyrevealed some ductility and a mixture of brittle and ductile fracture mechanisms. Local strain and normalizedstrain rate fields on smooth samples were assessed by Stereo Digital Image Correlation (SDIC) and showedan early plastic activity at yielding in the vicinity of the WCZ, attributed to residual stresses. For the target lifeof 105 cycles, the fatigue strength was slightly reduced but compromised by a strong scatter that was relatedto prior to welding contamination. The LFW self-cleaning mechanism also failed to extrude the contaminantsat the weld interface of a dissimilar Ti17-Ti64 LFW joint that led to pseudo-brittle fracture at a defect layerin the WCZ. For a pre-cleaned dissimilar Ti17-Ti64 LFW joint, ductile rupture was observed sometimes atthe Ti64 PM and sometimes at the Ti17 thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), due to a depletion ofthe strengthening alpha phase. Fatigue cracks initiated at the weak Ti17 TMAZ with a reduced fatigue strengthcompared to the PM. Fracture toughness was significantly reduced and the fracture surface at the TMAZhighlighted unexpected clusters of parallel and elongated voids. These trends were also observed for a similarTi17 LFW joint. Comparable mechanical properties to those of the Ti17 PM were successfully regained bymeans of a post-weld heat treatment
Ranaivomanana, Narintsoa. „Étude expérimentale et numérique des interactions entre le fluage en traction et l'endommagement du béton“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2213/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe assessment of cracking risks is of a great interest in civil engineering field, particularly when considering structures such as nuclear power plants or nuclear wastes repository in deep geological formation. Accordingly, mechanical behaviors of concrete (instantaneous and delayed behaviors) have to be clearly understood. In the present work, the mechanical behaviour in tension has been studied given the key role played by tension in the damage process of concrete. For this purpose, tensile and flexural creep devices have been developed. Then, basic creep tests under different types of load (compression, tension and bending) and under different load levels have been carried out. Finally, experimental results have been compared with those resulting from a numerical modeling. Experimental results show that the delayed behaviour of concrete depends on the type of load. Moreover, they highlight a strong interaction between shrinkage and creep strain. Consolidation effect, damage effect and their coupling lead to a satisfactory reproduction of obtained results. A numerical model which takes all involved phenomena (shrinkage, creep and damage) and their coupling into account, allows a good restitution of the experimental results to be obtained
Gong, Xiao Lu. „Développement d'une méthodologie expérimentale associée à une approche analytique pour la compréhension du comportement de plaques composites non-trouées et trouées sous chargement simple et combiné de traction-torsion“. Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD741.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJean-Romain, Jean-Michel. „Détermination de la variation volumique au cours de la déformation plastique des polymères amorphes sollicités en traction uniaxiale“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL048N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe volume strain of 10 amorphous polymers is determined during uniaxial traction tests. The materials are streched up large deformations. The apparatus measure simultanously the constitutive plastic behavior and the correspondant evolution of the volume strain. The tests are carry out at différent temperatures and strain rate. Some physicals, measurements and microscopic observations allow to follow the evolution of the microstructure of the materials during the deformation. The compaction is due to reorganisation of the marcomolecules. The damage is due to crazing in the materials. ExpérimentaIs artefacts are investigated and we found that the compaction and the damage are amplified by the measurement system. The amplitude of these artefacts depend on the experimental conditions which further some localized mode of plastic deformation. The isochorus constitutive behavior is obtained by corrected from the experimental one by relations which are related to the orientation and to the morphology of the cavities. A model can reproduces in a good manner the intrinsic behavior of the materials of the study. The volume strain is modeled by means of three elementary mechanisms of deformation
Dillard, Thierry Jean-Paul. „Caractérisation et simulation numérique du comportement mécanique des mousses de nickel : morphologie tridimensionnelle, réponse élastoplastique et rupture“. Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007530.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeformation behaviour and failure of nickel foams are studied during loading by using X-ray microtomography. A detailed description of the 3D morphology is presented. Dimensions and orientation of each cell are determined. The geometrical aspect ratio is linked to the mechanical anisotropy of the foam. In tension, a uniaxial analytical model, based on elastoplastic strut bending, is developed. The whole stress-strain curve of the foam is predicted according to its specific weight and its anisotropy. The model is also extended to two-phase foams and the influence of the hollow struts is analysed. The two-phase foams model is finally applied to oxidized nickel foams and compared with experimental data. A phenomenological compressible continuum plasticity model is also proposed and identified in tension. The identification of the model is carried out using experimental strain maps obtained by a photomechanical technique. The multiaxial model is extended to a micromorphic one to incorporate non local features accounting for the size effects observed for small holes. The prediction of the model is evaluated in the case of subsequent fracture of the specimen through crack propagation
Bensaïd, Abdellatif. „Contribution à l'étude expérimentale, théorique et numérique du comportement mécanique fin d'assemblages collés du type escalier simple sollicités à la traction“. Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeorges, David. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la réponse mécanique de la glace polycristalline sous chargement de traction dynamique : Influence de la porosité“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHailstone impacts are a serious threat for the aeronautic field and can cause significant damages to a structure. Developing an accurate modelling of the mechanical response of ice when subjected to an impact is required to design robust structures protecting against ice impacts. Nevertheless, most of the constitutive models describing the behavior of ice under impact loadings are based on elasto-viscoplastic approaches with a scope limited to specific impact conditions. These models usually underestimate the role played by the ice dynamic tensile behavior, while the fragmentation properties of brittle-like materials have been shown to be strongly strain-rate and microstructure dependent. Moreover, the microstructure effect is systematically neglected in these models. These approximations are mostly due to a lack of knowledge about the parameters controlling the fragmentation mechanisms induced in ice. In a hailstone, the presence of pores in the microstructure is one of the most critical defect succeptible to initiate the fragmentation. Thus, this study aims to investigate the link between the ice porosity, induce damage mecanisms and the ice mechanical response to dynamic tensile loadings.To do so, highly instrumented spalling tests were conducted on isotropic polycrystalline ice samples with different levels of porosity. The spalling tests allowed to provide the first robust and reproducible set of data for the dynamic tensile strength of ice. Tensile strength and crack density are shown to increase with strain-rate unlike the results observed in the literature for quasi-static loadings. A tensile strength decreases with increasing porosity is also observed. We assumed that the critical stress level needed to trigger a crack from a porosity is a function of the porosity size in order to take into account this porosity effect.In parallel with the experimental tests, the Denoual-Forquin-Hild anisotropic damage model was used to predict the dynamic tensile behavior of ice. The density of critical defects (an input parameter) is determined from two different approaches. In the first one, the distribution of critical defects is considered to be a power law of the applied tensile stress, by applying the so-called Weibull model on bending test results. The second approach is based on extracting from micro-computed X-rays analysis the true porosity size distributions of ice samples. The theory of the linear elastic fracture mechanics is used as a failure criterion to convert the porosity size into a critical stress of activation. The solutions of both approaches are detailed and compared with the experimental results. Numerical simulations of spalling tests are also conducted using the Denoual-Forquin-Hild model. We observe a more precise prediction on a larger strain-rate interval when the critical defect density considered is based on the true pore size distribution extracted from tomography rather than the statistical distribution provided by the Weibull model. The results of the numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations, thus corroborating the main effect of the pore populations on the fragmentation initiation in porous ice. These results highlight the need to consider both the ice microstructure (and especially the porosity) and its dynamic tensile behavior as essential factors to model the behavior of hailstones and properly predict their damage effect on structures upon impact
Vigié, Héloïse. „Evolution microstructurale et comportement mécanique de l'alliage de titane beta21S après vieillissement sous air“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the main issues of the aeronautic industry is to decrease the weight of structures in order to reduce fuel consumption. Titanium alloys are more and more used due to their good mechanical properties at high temperatures, with a low density. Ti-21S, currently used in the manufacturing of nozzles, was investigated. The aim of this work is to study the potential of this alloy beyond conventional limits. Thermal treatments on air are carried out at different temperatures (450°C - 700°C) for various durations (500h - 10000h). The microstructure is characterized before and after aging in order to determine the impact of aging thermal. The observations show that microstructural evolutions are related to aging temperature, and impact of time aging is not the same for all temperatures. Another aim is to study the mechanical behavior with tensile and fatigue tests at room temperature and 550°C after aging. Mechanical tensile behavior depends on the aging temperature and the microstructure of the alloy. Moreover, mechanical behavior depends on test temperature. Another issue is the understanding of oxidation phenomena over the range of temperatures, and to determine the effects of oxidation on both microstructure and mechanical behavior. The diffusion of oxygen in the material leads to the microstructural evolution near the surface, and impacts mechanical strength by weakening the material. A link between microstructure and oxygen content is demonstrated. Similarly, the tensile strength is connected to microstructure
Masmoudi, Sahir. „Comportement mécanique et caractérisation par implant piézoélectrique ultrasonore intégré d'un matériau composite“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955508.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoeffier, Claude. „Étude de la commande de traction dans les entrainements de bande de métal“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL061N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMehazzem, Fateh. „Contribution à la commande d'un moteur asynchrone destiné à la traction électrique“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597698.
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