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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Touchard distribution“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Touchard distribution"
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Matsushita, Raul, Donald Pianto, Bernardo B. De Andrade, Andre Cançado und Sergio Da Silva. „The Touchard distribution“. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 48, Nr. 8 (08.03.2018): 2049–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2018.1444177.
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Castellares, Fredy, Artur J. Lemonte und Germán Moreno–Arenas. „On the two-parameter Bell–Touchard discrete distribution“. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 49, Nr. 19 (06.05.2019): 4834–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2019.1609515.
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Maister, Lara, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Oliver Turnbull und Manos Tsakiris. „The Erogenous Mirror: Intersubjective and Multisensory Maps of Sexual Arousal in Men and Women“. Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, Nr. 8 (12.06.2020): 2919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01756-1.
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Abstract Erogenous zones of the body are sexually arousing when touched. Previous investigations of erogenous zones were restricted to the effects of touch on one’s own body. However, sexual interactions do not just involve being touched, but also involve touching a partner and mutually looking at each other’s bodies. We take a novel interpersonal approach to characterize the self-reported intensity and distribution of erogenous zones in two modalities: touch and vision. A large internet sample of 613 participants (407 women) completed a questionnaire, where they rated intensity of sexual arousal related to different body parts, both on one’s own body and on an imagined partner’s body in response to being touched but also being looked at. We report the presence of a multimodal erogenous mirror between sexual partners, as we observed clear correspondences in topographic distributions of self-reported arousal between individuals’ own bodies and their preferences for a partner’s body, as well as between those elicited by imagined touch and vision. The erogenous body is therefore organized and represented in an interpersonal and multisensory way.
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Nielsen, Frank. „On the Jensen–Shannon Symmetrization of Distances Relying on Abstract Means“. Entropy 21, Nr. 5 (11.05.2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21050485.
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The Jensen–Shannon divergence is a renowned bounded symmetrization of the unbounded Kullback–Leibler divergence which measures the total Kullback–Leibler divergence to the average mixture distribution. However, the Jensen–Shannon divergence between Gaussian distributions is not available in closed form. To bypass this problem, we present a generalization of the Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence using abstract means which yields closed-form expressions when the mean is chosen according to the parametric family of distributions. More generally, we define the JS-symmetrizations of any distance using parameter mixtures derived from abstract means. In particular, we first show that the geometric mean is well-suited for exponential families, and report two closed-form formula for (i) the geometric Jensen–Shannon divergence between probability densities of the same exponential family; and (ii) the geometric JS-symmetrization of the reverse Kullback–Leibler divergence between probability densities of the same exponential family. As a second illustrating example, we show that the harmonic mean is well-suited for the scale Cauchy distributions, and report a closed-form formula for the harmonic Jensen–Shannon divergence between scale Cauchy distributions. Applications to clustering with respect to these novel Jensen–Shannon divergences are touched upon.
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Guéguen, Nicolas. „Effect of an Interviewer's Tactile Contact on Willingness to Disclose Voting Choice“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, Nr. 6 (16.07.2014): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.6.1003.
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The positive effect of tactile contact on compliance has been widely reported in the literature. However, the effect of touch on willingness to disclose confidential information has never been studied. Two days after European Parliamentary elections, people who were walking by in the street were asked by an interviewer who was unknown to them, to reveal for which candidate they had voted. According to a random distribution, some of the people who were questioned were slightly touched on the forearm by the interviewer during the formulation of the request but the rest of the participants were not touched. Results showed that, compared with the participants who were not touched, those who were touched were more likely to be willing to disclose their voting preference (88.6% of the touched group vs. 63.3% of the no-touch group), suggesting that touch is a facilitator of self-revelation.
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Shao, Yitian, Vincent Hayward und Yon Visell. „Spatial patterns of cutaneous vibration during whole-hand haptic interactions“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, Nr. 15 (28.03.2016): 4188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520866113.
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We investigated the propagation patterns of cutaneous vibration in the hand during interactions with touched objects. Prior research has highlighted the importance of vibrotactile signals during haptic interactions, but little is known of how vibrations propagate throughout the hand. Furthermore, the extent to which the patterns of vibrations reflect the nature of the objects that are touched, and how they are touched, is unknown. Using an apparatus comprised of an array of accelerometers, we mapped and analyzed spatial distributions of vibrations propagating in the skin of the dorsal region of the hand during active touch, grasping, and manipulation tasks. We found these spatial patterns of vibration to vary systematically with touch interactions and determined that it is possible to use these data to decode the modes of interaction with touched objects. The observed vibration patterns evolved rapidly in time, peaking in intensity within a few milliseconds, fading within 20–30 ms, and yielding interaction-dependent distributions of energy in frequency bands that span the range of vibrotactile sensitivity. These results are consistent with findings in perception research that indicate that vibrotactile information distributed throughout the hand can transmit information regarding explored and manipulated objects. The results may further clarify the role of distributed sensory resources in the perceptual recovery of object attributes during active touch, may guide the development of approaches to robotic sensing, and could have implications for the rehabilitation of the upper extremity.
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PICARD, M., C. LE FUR, J. P. MELCION und C. BOUCHOT. „Caractéristiques granulométriques de l’aliment : le “point de vue” (et de toucher) des volailles“. INRAE Productions Animales 13, Nr. 2 (18.04.2000): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.2.3773.
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Grâce à une vision précise des détails et une perception tactile spécifique du bec, une volaille apprend, dès ses premières heures de vie, à associer les caractéristiques sensorielles des particules alimentaires à leurs effets nutritionnels. Le choix particulaire est très rapide et précis, mais il peut également changer avec l’expérience sensorielle que l’animal a de l’aliment. La taille et la dureté des particules déterminent une vitesse d’ingestion dont les conséquences zootechniques réelles dépendent de l’environnement. Exposées à des conditions d’élevage variées ou constantes, les volailles s’adaptent plus ou moins vite à un changement d’aliment. Le type d’élevage peut donc modifier sensiblement la perception et les conséquences de la granulométrie du régime. Cela rend difficile l’établissement de normes de besoin des animaux. La collaboration entre technologues et nutritionnistes permet la mise au point de nouvelles méthodes évaluant ce que les volailles perçoivent réellement de la texture et de la forme des particules. L’étude du comportement alimentaire est utile pour suivre, au laboratoire et directement en élevage, l’incidence d’ajustements technologiques, et pour développer de nouveaux modes de distribution des aliments. Nutrition et détection sensorielle interagissent sur les trois phases du comportement alimentaire : identification, préhension et ingestion de l’aliment. Une conception efficace de la technologie alimentaire intégrée à l’élevage devrait distinguer chacune de ces trois étapes.
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Crowder, Martin. „On Consistency and Inconsistency of Estimating Equations“. Econometric Theory 2, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1986): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600011646.
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The primary concern is to establish a fairly general framework in which estimators resulting from estimating equations gnθ = 0 are not consistent. This leads on to consistency by an intuitive route. Asymptotic distributions of consistent estimators are also touched upon, and the results are applied to various examples.
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Partridge, R. B. „The Cosmic Microwave Background“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 124 (1987): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900159005.
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This review summarizes recent observational work on the cosmic microwave background, or 3 K radiation. Recent measurements of its spectrum and large-scale angular distribution are described, as well as searches for small angular scale fluctuations on arcsecond to degree scales. A few of the consequences of these measurements and upper limits for cosmology, astrophysics, and theories of galaxy formation are touched on here.
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Sénéchal, Gilles. „Les géographes et les idéologies territoriales au Canada : deux projets nationaux contradictoires“. Cahiers de géographie du Québec 33, Nr. 90 (12.04.2005): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022051ar.
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Les débats au sein de la géographie canadienne, notamment ceux touchant la question constitutionnelle, ont mis en évidence deux définitions contradictoires de l'architecture territoriale du Canada. Dans ce contexte, la question du Québec apparaît comme le révélateur des idéologies territoriales sous-jacentes au discours géographique. Deux modèles s'affrontent. « L'idée d'État » fait de l'intégration territoriale et politique l'assise de la modernité alors que la défense du projet national québécois appelle une nouvelle distribution du pouvoir et un compartimentage intra-étatique accru.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Touchard distribution"
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Ibukun, Michael Abimbola. „Modely s Touchardovým rozdělením“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445468.
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In 2018, Raul Matsushita, Donald Pianto, Bernardo B. De Andrade, Andre Cançado & Sergio Da Silva published a paper titled ”Touchard distribution”, which presented a model that is a two-parameter extension of the Poisson distribution. This model has its normalizing constant related to the Touchard polynomials, hence the name of this model. This diploma thesis is concerned with the properties of the Touchard distribution for which delta is known. Two asymptotic tests based on two different statistics were carried out for comparison in a Touchard model with two independent samples, supported by simulations in R.
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Gérard, Jessica. „Vers une meilleure compréhension des réponses des consommateurs face à la contamination perçue : le rôle de l'imagerie mentale“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG017.
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Dans la plupart des environnements de vente, le consommateur peut facilement manipuler les produits et ainsi vivre des expériences tactiles. Cependant, cette liberté de toucher les produits n’est pas sans conséquences. En effet, si le consommateur aime toucher les produits, il est réticent à ce le produit qu’il touche ait été manipulé au préalable par d’autres personnes. Ce paradoxe est un enjeu pour les praticiens. Comment permettre aux clients de toucher les produits tout en garantissant qu’ils soient dépourvus de contacts antérieurs avec autrui ? Cette thèse s’intéresse au phénomène de contamination perçue des produits. Elle a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les variables agissant sur la contamination perçue et sur les réponses à l’égard des produits perçus comme contaminés. Une étude première qualitative explore la vision que les consommateurs ont de la contamination perçue des produits ; une seconde étude qualitative s’intéresse au point de vue des manageurs. Cette phase qualitative sert de base au développement d’une échelle de contamination perçue. Puis, trois collectes de données quantitatives sont menées afin de comparer l’impact de deux facteurs de contamination. Les résultats montrent que le consommateur est plus sensible lorsqu’un produit présente un résidu suggérant qu’il a été touché que lorsqu’il voit un contaminateur manipuler ce produit. Ils mettent également en évidence que l’imagerie mentale est un mécanisme sous-jacent explicatif de la contamination perçue mais que le besoin de toucher n’a pas d’effet sur le phénomèneIn most retail environments the customer is able to handle products, feel their weight and try them, in other words the customer has a tactile experience. However, this freedom to touch products has a downside. Indeed, even if the consumer likes to touch products, he refuses the same product if it has been handled by other customers. This ambivalence concerning touch is a major problem for managers in retail outlets. How is it possible to allow consumers to touch products while guaranteeing that they are devoid of previous contact with others? This dissertation focuses on the concept of product contamination. It aims to understand the variables that reflect the impact of perceived contamination on consumer responses. A first qualitative study examines the vision of consumers on product contamination. A second qualitative study focuses on managers’ point of view. These studies are then used as a basis for the development of a perceived contamination scale. Lastly, three quantitative studies compare the impact of two contamination’s cues. The results suggest that the consumer is more sensitive when a product contains a cue that it has been touched, as compared to their reaction to seeing someone touch a product. These findings show that mental imagery is an underlying mechanism contrary to need for touch
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Cao, Huiyuan. „Design of a turn-taking control system based on tactile in multi-user, synchronous remote communication“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2109/document.
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de concevoir un système impliquant un feedback tactile facilitant l’organisation du tour de parole dans le contexte de la communication verbale à distance et à plusieurs. Ces situations impliquant des technologies numériques sont actuellement décrites comme étant des "conferences call". Elles relèvent également du Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) lorsqu'elles impliquent une tâche collaborative. Curieusement, ces situations n'ont été l'objet que de très peu d'études en dépit des problèmes qu'elles suscitent et l'évolution de ces technologies s'est faite au profit d'un enrichissement par la vidéo. Cette thèse propose une autre forme d'enrichissement par un retour tactile permettant de dépasser l'une des principales difficultés de la communication verbale à distance à savoir le contrôle du tour de parole. Deux modalités de cet enrichissement ont été étudiés : la redondance et la substitution. Comme redondance avec le feedback visuel, nous avons fait l'hypothèse que la modalité tactile favorise l'alternance du tour de parole et augmente l'expression d'intentions non verbales à l'image des situations de face à face. Comme substitution au visuel, l'hypothèse a été de poser que le tactile produit un avantage en cela qu'il fluidifie le tour de parole. Le système conçu dans cette recherche montre, au moyen de trois expériences, que l'échange verbal à distance et sa distribution dans le cadre d'une tâche de prise de décision collective peut être efficient avec un enrichissement tactile et donner lieu à une auto-régulation du tour de paroleOur thesis aim was to design a system based on tactile modality to organize a synchronous, multi-user remote verbal communication to facilitate better turn-taking. The remote communication we studied is actually called the ‘conference call’, and relies on computer technology. A conference call is a form of CSCW, and it is thus a collaborative task. As conference calls have rarely been studied in previous research, a system designed to optimize this kind of work is of great value. Tactile modality is the basic element of the design and its impact is also studied in our thesis. As a modality of redundancy, tactile feedback accelerates the alternation of turn-taking. Moreover, it augments the intention of non-verbal exchanges, which accounts for most of the communication in face-to-face situations. As a modality of substitution, tactile modality shows a distinct advantage in making the turn-taking transfer smoother compared to visual modality. Finally, a conference call for a decision-making task under a simple turn-taking allocation system based on tactile modality provides evidence that this designed system’s controlled conference call has good efficiency and good distribution of the talking length of turn-taking
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Gerard, Jessica. „Vers une meilleure compréhension des réponses des consommateurs face à la contamination perçue : le rôle de l'imagerie mentale“. Thesis, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG017.
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Dans la plupart des environnements de vente, le consommateur peut facilement manipuler les produits et ainsi vivre des expériences tactiles. Cependant, cette liberté de toucher les produits n’est pas sans conséquences. En effet, si le consommateur aime toucher les produits, il est réticent à ce le produit qu’il touche ait été manipulé au préalable par d’autres personnes. Ce paradoxe est un enjeu pour les praticiens. Comment permettre aux clients de toucher les produits tout en garantissant qu’ils soient dépourvus de contacts antérieurs avec autrui ? Cette thèse s’intéresse au phénomène de contamination perçue des produits. Elle a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les variables agissant sur la contamination perçue et sur les réponses à l’égard des produits perçus comme contaminés. Une étude première qualitative explore la vision que les consommateurs ont de la contamination perçue des produits ; une seconde étude qualitative s’intéresse au point de vue des manageurs. Cette phase qualitative sert de base au développement d’une échelle de contamination perçue. Puis, trois collectes de données quantitatives sont menées afin de comparer l’impact de deux facteurs de contamination. Les résultats montrent que le consommateur est plus sensible lorsqu’un produit présente un résidu suggérant qu’il a été touché que lorsqu’il voit un contaminateur manipuler ce produit. Ils mettent également en évidence que l’imagerie mentale est un mécanisme sous-jacent explicatif de la contamination perçue mais que le besoin de toucher n’a pas d’effet sur le phénomèneIn most retail environments the customer is able to handle products, feel their weight and try them, in other words the customer has a tactile experience. However, this freedom to touch products has a downside. Indeed, even if the consumer likes to touch products, he refuses the same product if it has been handled by other customers. This ambivalence concerning touch is a major problem for managers in retail outlets. How is it possible to allow consumers to touch products while guaranteeing that they are devoid of previous contact with others? This dissertation focuses on the concept of product contamination. It aims to understand the variables that reflect the impact of perceived contamination on consumer responses. A first qualitative study examines the vision of consumers on product contamination. A second qualitative study focuses on managers’ point of view. These studies are then used as a basis for the development of a perceived contamination scale. Lastly, three quantitative studies compare the impact of two contamination’s cues. The results suggest that the consumer is more sensitive when a product contains a cue that it has been touched, as compared to their reaction to seeing someone touch a product. These findings show that mental imagery is an underlying mechanism contrary to need for touch
Bücher zum Thema "Touchard distribution"
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Solymar, L., D. Walsh und R. R. A. Syms. Principles of semiconductor devices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0009.
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p–n junctions are examined initially and the potential distribution in the junction region is derived based on Poisson’s equation. Next the operation of the transistor is discussed, both in terms of the physics and of equivalent circuits. Potential distributions in metal–semiconductor junctions are derived and the concept of surface states is introduced. The physics of tunnel junctions is discussed in terms of their band structure. The properties of varactor diodes are described and the possibility of parametric amplification is touched upon. Further devices discussed are field effect transistors, charge-coupled devices, controlled rectifiers, and the Gunn effect. The fabrication of microelectronic circuits is discussed, followed by the more recent but related field of micro-electro-mechanical systems. The discipline of nanoelectronics is introduced including the role of carbon nanotubes. Finally, the effect of the development of semiconductor technology upon society is discussed.
Buchteile zum Thema "Touchard distribution"
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Yanai, Yuma, und Mitsuhiko Karashima. „Research on Two Dimensional Touched Position Distributions of the Touch Screen QWERTY Keyboard“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 561–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39473-7_112.
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Schmickler, Wolfgang. „Charge distribution in Adsorbates“. In Interfacial Electrochemistry. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089325.003.0025.
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The distribution of charges on an adsorbate is important in several respects: It indicates the nature of the adsorption bond, whether it is mainly ionic or covalent, and it affects the dipole potential at the interface. Therefore, a fundamental problem of classical electrochemistry is: What does the current associated with an adsorption reaction tell us about the charge distribution in the adsorption bond? In this chapter we will elaborate this problem, which we have already touched upon in Chapter 4. However, ultimately the answer is a little disappointing: All the quantities that can be measured do not refer to an individual adsorption bond, but involve also the reorientation of solvent molecules and the distribution of the electrostatic potential at the interface. This is not surprising; after all, the current is a macroscopic quantity, which is determined by all rearrangement processes at the interface. An interpretation in terms of microscopic quantities can only be based on a specific model. There is a formal similarity between adsorption and reactions such as metal deposition which gives rise to the concept of electrosorption valence. Consider the deposition of a metal ion of charge number z on an electrode of the same material.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Touchard distribution"
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Samuel, Siby, Alexander Pollatsek und Donald Fisher. „Texting While Driving: Evaluation of Glance Distributions for Frequent/Infrequent Texters and Keypad/Touchpad Texters“. In Driving Assessment Conference. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1428.
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Liu, Ji-hu, Han-Xiong Huang und Zhan-Song Yin. „Experiment and Simulation of PET Stretch Blow Molding Process“. In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82465.
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This paper deals with various cases for PET (polyethylene terephthalate) in two-stage stretch blow molding process with a transparent mold and a digital camcorder. The simulations were carried out by POLYFLOW software with K-BKZ viscoelastic model. The predicted wall thickness distributions of the formed bottle were found to be in good agreement with those of experimental measurements. Under same reheating treatment, the two factors, both of the stretch rate and the time sequence of the rod movement and the gas blow, show more great influence on the thickness distributions of final bottle than blow pressure. Besides the three cases of the preform free blow, and the air pressure applied after/before the stretching rod touched the bottom of the mold cavity, the interaction of the two factors may cause another phenomenon, which is the stretching rod touches off the preform bottom after the rod pulls it for a moment. The phenomenon easily makes for an eccentricity of the bottle bottom.
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Mattern Büttiker, Sharon M., James King, Susie Winter und Crane Hassold. „Should You Pay for the Chicken When You Can Get It for Free? No Longer Life on the Farm as We Know It“. In Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Univeristy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317182.
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The scholarly publishing ecosystem is being forced to adapt following changes in funding, scholarly review, and distribution. Taken alone, each changemaker could markedly influence the entire chain of research consumption. Combining these change forces together has the potential for a complete upheaval in the biome. During the 2019 Charleston Library conference, a panel of stakeholders representing researchers, funders, librarians, publishers, digital security experts, and content aggregators addressed such questions as what essential components constitute scholarly literature and who should shepherd them. The 70-minute open dialogue with audience participation invited a range of opinions and viewpoints on the care, feeding, and safekeeping of peer-reviewed scholarly research. The panelists were: James King, Branch Chief & Information Architect at the NIH; Sharon Mattern Büttiker, Director of Content Management at Reprints Desk; Crane Hassold, Senior Director of Threat Research at Agari; and Susie Winter, Director of Communications and Engagement, Springer Nature. The panel was moderated by Beth Bernhardt, Consortia Account Manager at Oxford University Press. Beth posed questions to the panel and each panelist replied from their vantage point. The lively discussion touched on ideas and solutions not yet discussed in an open forum. Such collaborative approaches are now more essential than ever for shaping the progress of the scientific research community. In attendance were librarians, editorial staff, business development managers, data handlers, library collection managers, content aggregators, security experts and CEOs.
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Lin, Shih-Chang, Fangang Tseng und Ching-Chang Chieng. „Numerical Simulation of Protein Stamping Process Driven by Capillary Force“. In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33070.
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“Microstamping” is one of patterning techniques [1] developed to deliver thousands of samples in parallel onto a surface for use in biosensors and medical diagnostics and the inexpensive production of micropatterned arrays of active proteins is of interest. Successful print of these protein island arrays includes conformal contact between an inked patterned stamp and the surface of a substrate and the full control over the amount and distribution of protein solution transferred from the impregnated stamps. In most common design, stamper is made of a solid material and proper inking method is required. Martin et al [2] have created a microstamper constructed by forming the hydrogel in sequence within the narrow ends of machine-pulled capillary tubes. This paper studies the protein-filling (inking)/stamping/printing process by numerical computations for a proposed Array-Stamper Chip with embedded microchannels. (Fig. 1) The array chip consists of thousands of microchannels with their own stampers to deliver thousands of fixed size/shape liquid samples to a bottom chip by capillary force simultaneously. The transfer process and physics are analyzed by solving first principle equations, i.e. conservation laws of mass, momentum. Due to the symmetry design of the array chip, the analysis is performed for a representative stamp only (Fig. 1b). Stable and robust numerical approaches as volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method [3] for two phase homogenous flow model and the interface tracking technique in cooperation with Continuum Surface tension Force (CSF) Model [4] are employed to determine the shape of liquid/gas interface as well as the fluid flowing pattern. Figure 2 shows the entire protein transfer during stamping/printing process, the Stamper Chip is moved toward/touch/away bio reaction chip starting at a distance of 50 μm away. The process consists of (a) The liquid fluid forms a meniscus and tends to reach out at the tip of the microchannel from the Stamping Chip (Fig. 2a), (b) The droplet meniscus is formed and the Stamper Chip starts to be moved toward the bottom chip (Fig. 2b), (c) The Stamper Chip is touched down and then is pulled up from the Bio-Reaction Chip, the liquid flows horizontally via the horizontal microchannels (Fig. 2c) and reaches the bottom chip, (d) part of the liquid is pushed upward and formed a small waist (Fig. 2d), (e) The Stamper Chip is moved further upwards with liquid slug of narrower waist (Fig. 2e), and (f) Stamper Chip is back to the original position with part of liquid broken at some point and left on the Bio-reaction Chip successfully. The controlling of the spot size left on bio-chip can be manipulated by physical properties of the filling protein, the inner/outer diameter of the microchannel, moving speed of the Stamper Chip, and the hydrophilic nature of the outer edge surface of the stamper. Two sets of physical properties are employed for computations (1) protein of low concentration with physical properties as water (2) 2mg/ml BSA concentration according to Fig. 3. Degree of hydrophilic nature with different liquid/gas/solid contact angle on stamper edge surface AB and the stamping speed do play significant role on the printing spot formation and size as shown in Table 1. Figure 4 shows that the size of printing size decreases with outer diameter of the microchannel. The detailed flowing process illustrate that the formations of the printing spot are resulted from forces interactions between the capillary flow formation process and stamper moving speed. In summary, numerical simulations not only give the suggestions for the array-stamper design with precise control of printing spot but also provide the physics and detailed information of the spot formation.