Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Torsa river water“

A survey was conducted on the cold water fish diversity in the different rivers of the Dooars region with the help of fisherman. Data was collected on the monthly basis by using different nets. A total of 71 cold water fishes were reported during the study period. Most dominant family was cyprinidae with 32 species followed by Sisoridae with 12 species; Balitoridae 8 and Bagridae with 4 species etc. 70 cold water fish species in the river Teesta, 63 in Jaldhaka, 66 in Torsa, 61 in Kaljani and 66 in the river Sankosh were recorded. Ten Endangered and 31 Vulnerable species were reported from all the five rivers. Out of 71 cold water fishes many have consumption and ornamental value. Many migratory and sport cold water fishes are also reported. Catch frequency status indicates many fishes found rare and extremely rare during the study.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nickel-resistant bacterium, designated as strain NiVas 114', was isolated from waters of Torsa River in Hasimara, West Bengal, India. The strain NiVasl 14 possessing inducible nickel resistance can tolerate maximally 10mM nickel chloride. Southern blot assays of genomic DNA of NiVas 114 using probe(s) generated from known nickel resistance determinants (cnr/ ncc/ nrel nerí nir). under conditions of low stringency, produced no detectable signal except for cnrA gene of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 (formerly Alcaligenes eutropha CH34) in which weak hybridization signal occurred. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain NiVas 114 was identified as a member of y Proteobacteria, and the nearest phylogenetic relatives are Enterobacter hormaechei (98.6-98.5%) and Enterobacter cloacae (97.5-98.2 %). In the phylogenetic trees constructed with nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene, hsp60 gene and rpoB gene, strain NiVas 114" clustered with the subspecies of Enterobacter hormaechei. The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 60 -63% with Enterobacter hormaechei subsp hormaechei, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwalti Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae and Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissobvens. The isolate NiVas 114 differed from the nearest phylogenetic relatives in terms of number of phenotypic characteristics. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the isolate was 59.5 +0.4 mol %. The predominant cellular faty acids of the isolate are C160, Summed feature 3 (comprises C16wTel 15 io 201) and C 18 w7ei hydroxy fatty acids are found in minor quantities. Thus, on the basis of biochemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was recognized as a novel species of Enterobacter. for which the name Enterobacter nickellidurans sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain NiVas 114' (= LMG 23000 = CcUGSO594"= JCM13045").

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, urea-dissolving and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain NiVa 51T, was isolated from water of the River Torsa in Hasimara, Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain NiVa 51T was shown to belong to the γ-Proteobacteria and to be related to Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis (98·35 %) and S. marcescens subsp. marcescens (98·30 %); however, strain NiVa 51T exhibited only 43·7 % similarity to S. marcescens by DNA–DNA hybridization. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the isolate was 60 mol%. Both biochemical characteristics and fatty acid analysis data supported the affiliation of strain NiVa 51T to the genus Serratia. Furthermore, strain NiVa 51T was found to utilize urea as nitrogen source. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization as well as physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain NiVa 51T from recognized Serratia species. Strain NiVa 51T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Serratia ureilytica sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain NiVa 51T (=LMG 22860T=CCUG 50595T).

Bogotá es la capital de Colombia y cuenta con cuatro ríos que la atraviesan de oriente a occidente: Tunjuelito, Fucha, Salitre y Torca, los cuales se han subdivido en cuatro tramos para su estudio, por lo que se planificó la metodología para conocer la calidad hídrica del tramo 3 del río Fucha con base en el Índice de Calidad General para Aguas Superficiales (ICACOSU), en relación con el cumplimiento de los objetivos de calidad hídrica establecidos en la Resolución 5731 de 2008 para los ríos de la ciudad. Para dar cumplimiento al objeto de investigación, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la zona de estudio; se determinaron seis puntos de medición hídrica de los parámetros: OD, SST, DQO, CE, pH, CT, DBO y Q, teniendo en cuenta representatividad y accesibilidad. Obtenidos los resultados del laboratorio se hicieron los cálculos y el análisis para establecer el ICACOSU de 5 y 7 variables, y comparar los resultados de los parámetros con los objetivos de calidad hídrica establecidos para el río Fucha. Se deduce que la calidad del río Fucha para el ICACOSU de siete variables es muy malo para los puntos de monitoreo 5 y 6, por la disminución en la concentración de OD (0.35 y 0.17 mg/l O2, respectivamente) y el aumento de la concentración de DBO5 en el punto de monitoreo 6 (112 mg/l O2); sólo los puntos de monitoreo 2 y 3 cumplen con un valor superior al 50 % en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de calidad hídrica.

Abstract In several points of rivers Toksa, Neva and water objects related to them chemical analysis of water was done, optical density at 254 nm (OD254) and SUVA254 were determined. Tributaries of the Toksa polluted by domestic wastewaters showed values increased several fold (compared to the Toksa waters) for: colour, OD254, TOC, electric conductivity (EC), concentrations of ammonium (up to 10 maximal allowable levels for surface waters) and chlorides. SUVA254 (in L/(mgTOC·m)) belonged to the following ranges: 1.8-3.0 in the Toksa and its source; 2.3-6.3 in its polluted tributaries; 2.7-3.5 in the Neva and its source; 2.1-2.6 in the tap water of St. Petersburg. For express control of the pollution in the Toksa and other rivers with similar properties measurement of EC and OD254 could be recommended. Control of organic matter content based solely on OD254 cannot be precise due to variations of SUVA254.

The presented paper deals with the evaluation of hydropower potential in a selected section of the Torysa river in the eastern part of the Slovak Republic. This part of the country was chosen based on the existence of a significant risk of increasing energy poverty in local marginalized communities. Small hydropower plants in the form of mini and micro installations are an ecological and economical way to secure electricity and suppress indicators of energy poverty. The essential part of work focuses on the quantification of the gross (theoretical), technical, and economic hydropower potential of the Torysa river using elevation data obtained by GIS tools and hydrological data provided by The Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. The next step identified concrete locations with a suitable head and volumetric flow rate. In the last part, the assessed section of the Torysa river was analyzed in terms of geographical collisions with NATURA 2000 areas, historical heritage elements in the country, and natural water bodies without hydropower potential (i.e., lakes, ponds, etc.). The resulting technical hydropower potential of selected part of Torysa river is 5425 kW and the economic potential is 1533 kW.

Telah dilakukan kaji eksperimental turbin air Darrieus tipe-H menggunakan blade hydrofoil standar NACA 2415 untuk mengetahui nilai torsi statik dan dinamik yang dihasilkan turbin air Darrieus tipe-H 3 blade dan 6 blade, pengujian menggunakan water tunnel dimensi 6m x 0.6m x 1m. Variasi tiga blade dan enam blade, dengan diameter turbin 0.44 m x 0.15 m pada turbin luar dan 0.18 x 0.14 m pada turbin bagian dalam, panjang chord 0.10 m dengan variasi sudut serang 0º sampai dengan 360º, variasi kecepatan air pertama 0.3 m/s, variasi kecepatan aliran air kedua 0.65 m/s. Kecepatan air 0.3 m/s enam blade, torsi statik 0.3 Nm, torsi dinamik nya 0.384 Nm, kecepatan air 0,65 m/s torsi dinamik 0.432 Nm dan torsi statik nya 0.384 Nm, pengujian turbin Darrieus tiga blade kecepatan air 0,3 m/s nilai torsi dinamik 0.336 Nm dan dengan kecepatan yang sama torsi statik nya 0.264 Nm. Pada kecepatan air 0.65 m/s nilai torsi dinamik sebesar 0.384 Nm, dan nilai torsi statik 0.336 Nm. Dari data hasil pengukuran tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi turbin enam blade memiliki nilai torsi statik dan torsi dinamik yang lebih tinggi dari pada turbin tiga blade, jumlah blade sangat berpengaruh terhadap daya serap energi kinetik air untuk di konversikan menjadi torsi statik maupun torsi dinamik.Kata kunci : Turbin Hydrokinetic, Darrieus, Torsi Statik,Torsi DinamikAn experimental study of the H-type Darrieus water turbine was carried out using a standard NACA 2415 hydrofoil blade to determine the value of static and dynamic torque generated by the 3-blade and 6-blade Darrieus H-type water turbine, testing using a water tunnel dimensions of 6m x 0.6m x 1m. Variation of three blades and six blades, with a turbine diameter of 0.44 mx 0.15 m on the outer turbine and 0.18 x 0.14 m on the inner turbine, chord length 0.10 m with variations in angle of attack 0º to 360º, variation of first water velocity 0.3 m / s second water flow velocity 0.65 m / s. Water velocity 0.3 m / s six blades, static torque 0.3 Nm, dynamic torque 0.384 Nm, water velocity 0.65 m / s dynamic torque 0.432 Nm and static torque 0.384 Nm, Darrieus three blade turbine test water speed 0.3 m / s dynamic torque value of 0.336 Nm and with the same speed its static torque is 0.264 Nm. At 0.65 m / s water velocity, the dynamic torque value is 0.384 Nm, and the static torque value is 0.336 Nm. From the measurement data, it can be concluded that the six-blade turbine variation has a higher value of static torque and dynamic torque than the three-blade turbine, the number of blades greatly influences the absorption of water kinetic energy to be converted into static torque and dynamic torque. Keywords: Hydrokinetic Turbine, Darrieus, static torque, dynamic torqueDAFTAR RUJUKANKirke, B.K. (2011). Tests on ducted and bare helical and straight blade Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines, 36, pp.3013-3022Dominy, R., Lunt, P., Bickerdyke A., Dominy, J. (2007). Self-starting capability of a Darrieus turbine. Proc Inst Mech Eng (IMechE) ePart A: J Power Energy ;221: 111-120Decoste, Josh. (2004). Self-Starting Darrieus Wind Turbine. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University.Febrianto, A., & Santoso, A. (2016). “Analisa Perbandingan Torsi Dan rpm Tipe Darrieus Terhadap Efisiensi Turbin”. Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)Febriyanto, N. (2014). “Studi Perbandingan Karakteristik Airfoil NACA 0012 Dengan NACA 2410 Terhadap Koefisien Lift dan Koefisien Drag Pada Berbagai Variasi Sudut Serang Dengan CFD” Fakultas teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah SurakartaSaputra, G. (2016). Kaji Eksperimental Turbin Angin Darrieus-H Dengan Bilah Tipe NACA 2415. Universitas Riau, JOM Teknik Mesin vol. 3 No. 1.Hafied, B. (2018). Kaji Eksperimental Torsi Statik Dan Torsi Dinamik Hidrokinetik Turbin Savonius Single Stage Type Bach Tiga Sudu. Tugas Akhir Teknik Mesin. Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau.Hau, E. (2005). Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Aplication, Economics. Springer. Berlin.Kaprawi. (2011), Pengaruh Geometri Blade Dari Turbin Air Darrieus Terhadap Kinerjany. Prosiding Seminar Nasional AVoER ke-3 PalembangKhan, M. J., Bhuyan, G., Iqbal M. T., & Quaicoe J.E. (2009). Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion Systems and Assessment of Horizontal and Vertical Axis Turbines for River and Tidal: Applications A Technology Status Review. Applied Energy, 86, 1823-1835.Lain, S., & Osario, C. (2010). Simulation and Evaluation of a Sraight Bladed Darrieus Type Cross Flow Marine Turbine. Journal of Scientific & Research, Vol. 69 p.906-912Marizka, L. D. (2010). Analisis Kinerja Turbin Hydrokinetic Poros Vertical Dengan Modifikasi Rotor Savonius L Untuk Optimasi Kinerja Turbin. Tugas Akhir Sains Fisika. FMIPA-Universitas Sebelas Maret.Malge, P. (2015).Analysis of Lift and Drag Forces at Different Azimuth Angle of Innovative Vertical Axis Wind Turbine.International Journal of Energy Engineering 4(5-8).Teja, P., D. (2017). Studi Numerik Turbin Angin Darrieus – Savonius Dengan Penambahan Stage Rotor Darrieus. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya.Zobaa, A. F., & Bansal, R. C. (2011). Handbook of Renewable Energy Technology. USA: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

The taxonomic composition and dynamics of the abundance of holoplankton and meroplankton were studied in the estuary of the seaport Temryuk and in Temryuk Bay (background) in autumn 2018. The impact of the trading port and the Kuban River on the state of holoplankton and meroplankton was assessed. The abundance of holo- and meroplankton in the more desalinated and polluted estuary of the port, which borders the Kuban River, was 1.5–3 times lower than in the Temryuk Bay. In the composition of the copepods Oithona davisae and Acartia tonsa, up to half of non-viable individuals were found in the port estuary. In early autumn, the holoplankton was dominated by Oithona davisa and freshwater cyclopoid copepods; in Temryuk Bay, O. davisae prevailed; in meroplankton, larvae of mollusks wee ubiquitous. At the end of autumn, freshwater cyclopoid copepods and larvae of cirripede barnacles Amphibalanus improvisus were abundant in the port estuary; in the bay, along with O. davisae, brackish-water copepods Еurytemora affinnis, larvae of cirripede barnacles A.improvisus were abundant. The basis of the pool of merorplankton was species tolerant to water eutrophication and sulfide contamination of bottom sediments (A. improvisus, Bittium reticulatum and Bivalvia).

New data were received on infection with Kinetoplastida of the family Trypanosomatidae in fish of various taxonomic groups in lakes in the Republic of Buryatia (Eastern Siberia). Kinetoplastids of the genus Trypanosoma recorded in the river perch, common pike, sand sculpin, Siberian loach, crucian carp, and Siberian roach were characterized by the greatest host diversity. The roach (Gusinoe Lake) is recorded for the first time for the Baikal basin as a host for hemoflagellates of this genus. Blood parasites of the genus Trypanoplasma were found in 3 fish species: the pike, perch, and sand sculpin. A clear trend was noted for the increasing infection level in the perch and pike of Gusinoe Lake over a 40-year period. The dace, Amur carp, Amur catfish, burbot, Amur sleeper, and common minnow from Gusinoe Lake were free from blood parasites Trypanosoma sp. and Trypanoplasma sp. Kinetoplastids were not found in roaches from Tsaidam, Shchuchye, Torma, Kotokelskoe and Bolshoye Kicherskoe Lakes. The analysis showed no infection with kinetoplastids in the roach, dace, Baunt whitefish, humpback whitefish, Siberian cisco, perch, burbot, ruff, and pike in the reservoirs of the Baunt Lakes system (Bolshoe Kopylyushi Lake, Maloe Kopylyushi Lake, Baunt Lake, the Lena basin), and crucian carp in reservoirs Klyukvennaya Pad, Cheremukhovoye Lake and Nikitkino Lake (Baikal basin).