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1
Esi, Eyong Lucas. Topic, management: Domain, personnel management in Cameroon (1800-1988) : case study, Ministry of Public Service. [Yaoundé?]: London College of Management, Dept. of Management, 1988.
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M¨uhlherr, Bernhard, Holger P. Petersson und Richard M. Weiss. Linked Tori, II. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691166902.003.0006.
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This chapter proves several more results about weak isomorphisms between Moufang sets arising from quadratic forms and involutory sets. It first fixes a non-trivial anisotropic quadratic space Λ = (K, L, q) before considering two proper anisotropic pseudo-quadratic spaces. It then describes a quaternion division algebra and its standard involution, a second quaternion division algebra and its standard involution, and an involutory set with a quaternion division algebra and its standard involution. It concludes with one more small observation regarding a pointed anisotropic quadratic space and shows that there is a unique multiplication on L that turns L into an integral domain with a multiplicative identity.
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Strada, E. Alessandra. The First Domain of Palliative Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199798551.003.0002.
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This chapter proposes palliative psychology competencies in the first domain of palliative care based on the framework of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care. Competencies are conceptualized as comprising knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The role of palliative psychologists is presented through the discussion of clinical case scenarios. These roles for psychologists are discussed in the context of different palliative care settings (inpatient; outpatient, home-based palliative care, hospice). The relevant application of clinical skills is discussed. The difference between palliative care and hospice is also presented. Finally, this chapter approaches the topic of professional self-care, which is conceptualized as a necessary competence for palliative psychologists. The discussion presents risk factors, protective factors, and interventions especially relevant to palliative psychologists.
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Pratt, Michael W., und M. Kyle Matsuba. Civic Engagement and Environmentalism in Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199934263.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 focuses on contexts of positive engagement in the domain of the wider society among emerging adults. The authors examine the growing research literature on civic engagement and volunteering, covering patterns of development and change during emerging to young adulthood, describing how this development is linked to the three personality levels of the McAdams and Pals model. They also describe work on one salient contemporary type of civic engagement, environmentalism, and review what is known on this particular topic in youth. The authors cover the evidence on both of these domains from their Futures Study sample, using both questionnaire and narrative material to expand these findings. As a way of illuminating the key points, the chapter ends with a case study of the early life story of John Muir, an important founder of the environmental and conservation movement in the United States.
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Hwui, Chan Sane, und Lay Yoon Fah. Affective Domains Contributing to Behavioural Intention in Teaching Science. UMS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/affectivedomainsumspress2020-978-967-2962--27-4.
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The teaching profession is a highly stressful occupation and susceptible to burnout due to high levels of workload compared to other contact occupations. In Malaysia, the majority of science teachers are experiencing physical and mental drain after long periods of teaching service and mundane routine year in and year out. Despite the general assumptions of a teacher’s job is merely teaching from a textbook, a teacher’s workload includes teaching-related (class preparation and classroom management) and non-teaching related (administration and meetings). All these challenges required teachers to possess high self-efficacy beliefs, great teaching motivation, and positive attitudes toward teaching science. When the development of the affective domain is neglected during pre-service years, teachers’ behavioural intention in teaching science will subside gradually. This may cause emotional exhaustion, feelings of ineffectiveness, and job burnout when the pre-service teachers start to work in a high-pressure environment. The prime focus of this book includes the use of Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach in studying the mediating effect of attitudes toward teaching science in the relationship between teacher self-efficacy beliefs and teaching motivation on behavioural intention in teaching science. This book provides insights for policymakers to formulate courses on managing personal affective domains in the teacher education curriculum. It is also hoped that this book will be of interest to academicians and researchers on the topic related to teacher education and teaching professional development.
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Olson-Buchanan, Julie B., Wendy R. Boswell und Timothy J. Morgan. The Role of Technology in Managing the Work and Nonwork Interface. Herausgegeben von Tammy D. Allen und Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.26.
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Technology has markedly changed the work and nonwork domains as well as the way in which individuals navigate between them. This chapter offers a review of the literature on the role of information communication technology (ICT) in the work–nonwork interface. The key theoretical grounding in the literature, boundary theory and boundary management, is presented, particularly as it relates to technology. The predictors, consequences, and moderating factors of ICT use across role domains are examined. Relevant literature within the teleworking context is also discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research avenues on the topic to enhance our understanding of the role of communication technologies within the work–nonwork domains.
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Feldhaus, Michael, und Karsten Speck, Hrsg. Herkunftsfamilie, Partnerschaft und Studienerfolg. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956507526.
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In international and national studies on the topic of academic success and drop-outs, the conditions of the university context were given priority in addition to individual competences. Other life domains of the students were rather neglected. This book analyses the influence of important life domains such as the family of origin, friends and possibly existing partnerships on the students' academic success and drop-out tendency. Based on panel data, quantitative and qualitative approaches are used. The results support the thesis that academic success must be considered as a multidimensional challenge.
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MacIntosh, Robert, und Kevin D. O'Gorman, Hrsg. Introducing Management in a Global Context. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-47-0-2734.
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Covering the major management disciplines, Introducing Management in a Global Context provides an introductory overview of key topic areas and to glimpse the latest research in domains such as strategy, technology and change, economics and development, politics and the social world, marketing, ethics and corporate decision making.
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Kaplan, David M., Hrsg. Explanation and Integration in Mind and Brain Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685509.001.0001.
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While it has long been a topic of discussion among philosophers and scientists alike, there is growing appreciation that understanding the complex relationship between neuroscience and psychological science is of fundamental importance to achieving progress across these scientific domains. Is the relationship between them one of complete independence or autonomy—like two great ships passing in the night? Or is the relationship one of total dependence—where one is entirely subordinate to the other? Or perhaps the correct picture is one of mutually beneficial interaction and integration—lying somewhere in the middle of these two extremes? We argue that one primary strategy for addressing this issue centers around understanding the nature of explanation in these different domains. By deepening our understanding of the similarities and differences between the explanatory patterns employed across these scientific domains, the contributed chapters in this volume shed valuable light on the relationship between neuroscience and psychology.
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Byros, Vasili. Topics and Harmonic Schemata. Herausgegeben von Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.0015.
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Topics and harmonic schemata powerfully interact in the late eighteenth-century communicative channel. This chapter illustrates both a categorial and pragmatic interfacing of the two domains in Beethoven’s “Eroica” Symphony, where a particular schema, thele–sol–fi–sol(Byros 2012, 2009), enables the communication of a powerful philosophical message involving the spiritual consequences of suffering, self-sacrifice, and death. Thele–sol–fi–sol, as an instance of harmonic grammar, is closely related to theombratopic with mortal, funereal, and sacrificial connotations. As a hybrid symbolic structure, this schema–topic amalgam is the basis for establishing a number of correlations of oppositions in the structural and expressive domains of the symphony, which communicate a “tragic-to-transcendent” expressive genre and the cultural unit of “abnegation” (Hatten 1994).
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Lidz, Jeffrey L., William Snyder und Joe Pater. Introduction. Herausgegeben von Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder und Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.1.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the topic of Developmental Linguistics, which tries to understand children’s language acquisition in terms of the mental representations that support linguistic behavior. It offers an overview of the chapters in the volume: these examine specific linguistic domains, exploring the cognitive and linguistic supports for learning, patterns of development in children, and the links between cross-linguistic variation and children’s language development.
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Jagannathan, Dhananjay. Aristotle's Practical Epistemology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197781517.001.0001.
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Abstract Aristotle’s Practical Epistemology presents a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s influential account of practical wisdom (phronēsis) by situating the topic within his broader theory of ethical knowledge. Interpreters have long struggled to make sense of the disparate features Aristotle seems to attribute to practical wisdom, particularly its role in bringing about individual choices and actions that fulfill the demands of the virtues of character and its status as an intellectual excellence or virtue of thought that is the analog, in the domain of ethical action, of theoretical wisdom (sophia) and craft (tekhnē), in their respective domains. The main contention of the book is that these features can be united when we see that phronēsis is a distinctively practical form of understanding. The book begins from the idea that Aristotle first establishes that we have ground-level ethical knowledge, described in the Nicomachean Ethics as ethical experience (empeiria), as a result of a decent upbringing, before identifying practical wisdom as a deeper form of understanding. This understanding involves a grasp of explanations, just as theoretical wisdom and craft do, yet it does not consist in a form of scientific or theoretical knowledge, which would be detached from practice. Rather, the understanding of the personal of practical wisdom involves grasping the goals that are characteristic of the several virtues of character—justice, courage, generosity, and the like—in such a way that they can be brought to bear on particular contexts of deliberation. That comprehensive perspective is why Aristotle thinks of practical wisdom as the same understanding as political wisdom.
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Downing, Laura J., und Larry M. Hyman. Information Structure in Bantu. Herausgegeben von Caroline Féry und Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.010.
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For some 40 years, the role that information structure (IS) plays in the grammatical structure of the ca. 500 Bantu languages has been the topic of considerable research. In this chapter we review the role of prosody, morphology and syntax in expressing IS in Bantu languages. We show that prosodic prominence does not play an important role; rather syntax and morphology are more important. For example, syntactic constructions like clefts and and immediately after the verb position correlate with focus, while dislocations correlate with topic. Among the morphological properties relevant to IS are the “inherently focused” TAM features (progressive, imperative, negative etc.) and the “conjoint-disjoint” distinction on verbs, as well as well as the presence vs. absence of the Bantu augment on nominals. Finally, we consider a range of tonal effects which at least indirectly correlate with IS (tonal domains, metatony, tone cases).
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Magnussen, Claire, und Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva. Plasticity. Herausgegeben von Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu und Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0043.
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This chapter discusses the landmark paper ‘Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain’, published by Woolf and Salter in 2000. Excellent review articles not only give a concise overview of a topic but also provide a framework for future research. In 2000, Clifford Woolf and Michael Salter joined forces to write one of the most highly cited review articles in the field of pain research and thus provided a conceptual framework for the plastic changes that occur in nociceptive neurons in response to chronic pain. With over 2,700 citations, this review is one of those rare articles that is still appreciated by pain researchers across domains.
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Hayden, Elizabeth P., und C. Emily Durbin. Development and Psychopathology. Herausgegeben von Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White und Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.3.
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The developmental psychopathology perspective, which can be understood as both a conceptual approach and a scientific discipline, aims to integrate the historically distinct domains of child development and psychopathology toward the goal of advancing the understanding of children’s adaptation and maladaptation. This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts and methodologies that characterize the discipline, drawing heavily on seminal early work on the topic; these key concepts and methodologies are integrated with a consideration of current trends and concepts in the field. The current state of the field is summarized and outstanding issues that merit further conceptual consideration and research attention are highlighted.
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Brewer, Thomas L., und Stephen Young. Multilateral Institutions and Policies. Herausgegeben von Alan M. Rugman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234257.003.0011.
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The topic of this article — the multilateral regime for FDI — lies within the domain of international business studies that focus on multinational enterprises and their political environment. The topic is of increasing importance for MNEs' strategies and operations. Because of its centrality in the international trade–investment–technology transfer system, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the specific focus of this article, though there is also some discussion of regional and bilateral agreements because they interact and overlap with WTO agreements. The relevance of the WTO to business strategy is evident in a variety of ways — in existing agreements, in negotiations to revise those agreements, in disputes, and in the expansion of its membership.
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Bleecker, Margit L. Neurological Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0026.
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This chapter describes neurologic disorders related primarily to occupational exposures along with presenting signs and symptoms. Acute or subacute occupational exposure to high levels of neurotoxic compounds, which occurred in the past and resulted in unique presentations of neurological disorders, occur infrequently today. Sections include the evaluation of toxic neuropathies and the approach to neurobehavioral impairment along with the cognitive domains commonly affected with exposure to neurointoxicants. A section describes the approach to a patient with exposure to neurointoxicants that includes the need for a temporal association between exposure and effect, a dose-effect relationship, biological plausibility, and other causes eliminated Effects of selected neurotoxins are described, including carbon monoxide, lead, organic solvents, and manganese.
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Bliwise, Donald L., und Michael K. Scullin. Sleep and cognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0004.
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Possible associations between sleep and cognition are provocative across different domains and hold the promise of prevention or reversibility. A vast array of studies has been reported. Evidence is suggestive but hardly definitive. We provide an overview of this literature, adopting the framework of Hill’s perspective on epidemiological causation. With rare exception, formal meta-analyses have yet to appear. Apparent consistency of findings suggests relationships, but the diversity of findings involving specific components of cognitive function raises interpretative caution. Large effect sizes have been noted, but small-to-moderate effects predominate. Natural history data are similarly enticing, and studies of biological plausibility and gradient indicate likely neurobiological substrates. Perhaps the ultimate population-health criterion, demonstration of reversibility of impairment, remains elusive at best. This area offers an exciting topic for future work.
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Allen, Tammy D., und Lillian T. Eby, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Work and Family. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.001.0001.
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Scholarship and practice concerning work–family issues have exploded over the past several decades. Managing work and family responsibilities is a topic of interest to individuals all across the globe and a frequent topic of conversation in both the private and the public sector. Organizations have a stake too. Programs and policies intended to help individuals manage work and nonwork responsibilities are a major issue of interest with organizations. Work–family scholarship is rich and complex, emanating from multiple disciplines including psychology, management, sociology, economics, and human development studies.The Oxford Handbook of Work and Familyassimilates state-of-the-art reviews of both established and cutting edge topics in the work–family field. Issues are addressed that pertain to individuals, families, the context within which individuals and families reside, and practice within organizations. Emerging topics are included that are intended to propel the field forward. The final section of the book is devoted to the development of future research. Leaders in the field who represent different domains and fields of study contribute the chapters in the volume. The volume should serve a multidisciplinary, global audience of work–family scholars, students, and practitioners.
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de Zubicaray, Greig I., und Niels O. Schiller, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190672027.001.0001.
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Neurolinguistics is a young and highly interdisciplinary field, with influences from psycholinguistics, psychology, aphasiology, (cognitive) neuroscience, and many more. The scope and aim of this new Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics is to provide students and scholars with concise overviews of the state of the art in particular topic areas, and to engage a broad audience with an interest in the neurobiology of language. The chapters do not attempt to provide exhaustive coverage, but rather present discussions of prominent questions posed by a given topic. Part I covers the key techniques and technologies used to study the neurobiology of language today. Part II addresses the neurobiology of language acquisition during healthy development and in response to challenges presented by congenital and acquired conditions. Part III covers the many facets of the articulate brain, and its capacity for language production: written, spoken, and signed. Questions regarding how the brain comprehends meaning, including emotions, at word and discourse levels are addressed in Part IV. The final Part V reaches into broader territory, characterizing and contextualizing the neurobiology of language with respect to more fundamental neuroanatomical mechanisms and general cognitive domains.
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Pratt, Michael W., und M. Kyle Matsuba. Peer and Romantic Relationships in Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199934263.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 focuses on the development of peer and romantic relationships. The authors draw on Erikson’s theory as focused around the key period of intimacy development in emerging adulthood, and also discuss attachment theory models on this topic. They review the longitudinal research evidence on links between the three components of personality in the McAdams and Pals model and intimacy development. Turning to the evidence from our Futures Study sample, the authors analyze stories told at ages 26 and 32 about friends and about romantic partners, and how these two domains of relationships are linked with personality development. Finally, to illustrate key topics, the chapter ends with a case study on the complex and stressful romantic relationship of an iconic Canadian political couple from the 1970s, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and his emerging adult-aged wife, Margaret Sinclair.
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Edgington, Dorothy. The Pragmatics of the Logical Constants. Herausgegeben von Ernest Lepore und Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0030.
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The logical constants are technical terms, invented and precisely defined by logicians for the purpose of producing rigorous formal proofs. Mathematics virtually exhausts the domain of deductive reasoning of any complexity, and it is there that the benefits of this refined form of language are felt. Pragmatic issues may arise — issues concerning the point of making a certain statement — for there will be more or less perspicuous and illuminating ways of presenting proofs in this language, and we may be puzzled or misled when we wonder why the mathematician is taking some particular step. But this is hardly a compulsory topic in the philosophy of language.
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Gallagher, Matthew W., und Shane J. Lopez, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Hope. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Hope provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the science and practice of hope. Hope has long been a topic of interest to philosophers and the general public, but it was only in recent decades that hope became a focus of psychological science. Rick Snyder defined hope as a cognitive trait that helps individuals to identify and pursue goals and consists of two components: pathways, the perceived capacity to identify strategies necessary to achieve goals, and agency, the willpower or motivation to pursue those pathways to achieve goals. Hope has become one of most robust and promising topics in the burgeoning field of positive psychology. This book reviews the progress that has been made in the past 25 years regarding the origins and influence of hope. Topics covered include current theoretical perspectives on how best to define hope and how it is distinct from related constructs, current best practices for measuring and quantifying hope, interventions and strategies for promoting hope across different settings and the lifespan, the impact that hope has on many dimensions and domains of physical and mental health, and the many ways and contexts in which hope promotes resilience and positive functioning. Experts in the field both review what is currently known about the role of hope in different domains and identify topics and questions that can help to guide the next decade of research. The handbook concludes with a collaborative vision on the future directions of the science of hope.
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Fisher, Maryanne L. Introduction. Herausgegeben von Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.4.
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The topic of women’s competition has gained recent momentum, as evidenced by the proliferation of articles in the scientific literature. There has been a considerable body of new research highlighting competition in several domains, including access to and retention of mates, access to resources related to mothering, interaction with virtual media, issues faced in the workplace, and engagement with sport and physical activity. The chapters in this volume provide a definitive view on the contemporary state of knowledge regarding women’s competition. The majority of chapters rely on an evolutionary framework; other chapters argue that sociocultural sources shape women’s competition. While the book is primarily about women, some contributors focus on issues faced by adolescent girls, or mention developmental trajectories for young girls through adulthood. It is hoped that the information within this volume will serve as a source of inspiration to help guide future directions for research.
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Lis, Stefanie, Nicole E. Derish und M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez. Social Cognition in Personality Disorders. Herausgegeben von Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel und Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0009.
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Changes in social cognition are increasingly recognized as core illness features in the personality disorders with a broad impact on social functioning. Despite the significant disability caused by social cognitive dysfunction, treatments for this symptom dimension tailored to the specific deficits of a disorder are still missing. This chapter characterizes the different domains of social cognitive processing and describes different approaches and instruments for measuring impairments. It provides a short overview of the evidence demonstrating changes in social cognition in schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial and avoidant personality disorder, as well as the neurobiology of social cognition. During the recent past the number of studies addressing this topic increased tremendously. Nevertheless, research in this area is still young and requires approaches that study these functions while emphasizing the social context and associate deficits observed in experimental paradigms with interpersonal dysfunction during every-day life.
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Pravadelli, Veronica. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038778.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter argues that the existing literature on classical Hollywood could roughly be divided into two sets. On the one hand, there were those scholars who had analyzed the whole period arguing for continuities and similarities in most domains, from production to plot structure, from stylistic procedures to viewing experience, and so forth. On the other hand, critical work on Hollywood cinema had more often approached the topic by selecting a specific genre and period and making a statement about the peculiar relations between aesthetics and ideology. Often focusing on a specific genre, many investigated especially 1940s and 1950s Hollywood cinema in relation to cultural, artistic, and social dynamics. Indeed, for four decades, film noir, the woman's film, and melodrama have been the locus of such innovative research—from the theory of the “progressive text” in the early 1970s to “cinema and modernity studies” during the last twenty years or so.
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Johnson, James H., Hrsg. A Cultural History of Ideas in the Age of Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206488.
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Few major European writers of the nineteenth century addressed the topic of empire explicitly, but its components are present throughout their work: in science and religion, literature and the arts, and philosophy, politics, and economics. This volume of A Cultural History of Ideas, encompassing the period between the French Revolution and the First World War, offers a comprehensive account of nine central domains of thought in the long nineteenth century or “age of empire”. Employing recent approaches in cultural history, scholars from a variety of fields revisit well-known works and present less-familiar figures to assess the origins and impact of ideas in their national and global contexts. Taken together, these chapters share large themes that define this most consequential period in European history, including the status and reach of speculative reason, the changing roles of science and religion in public life, the emergence of modern selfhood, and the cultural and political effects of mass democracy.
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Gearhardt, Ashley N., Kelly D. Brownell, Mark S. Gold und Marc N. Potenza, Hrsg. Food & Addiction. 2. Aufl. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671051.001.0001.
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Abstract Since the last edition of the Handbook of Food and Addiction, published in 2012, research on this topic has progressed in many ways. Evidence is growing that certain foods, particularly highly processed foods with high levels of refined carbohydrates and/or added fats, can trigger addictive processes. Ultra-processed versions of these products may be even more addictive given the addition of flavor enhancers and additives that can make them intensely palatable, and are inexpensive, accessible, and highly convenient. In this edition, top researchers discuss groundbreaking science across biological, psychological, social, and policy domains that probe the role of addictive mechanisms in food intake and health. Future research questions are highlighted, including the impact of addictive foods on children, the role of the gut microbiome, the contribution of food insecurity, and the development of novel interventions to address the addictive impact of food. Potential policy and legal approaches are considered based on available science.
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Turiel, Elliot, Audun Dahl und Zinaida Besirevic. Thought, Emotions, and Sentiments in the Development of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631741.003.0006.
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This chapter approaches the question of “becoming just” from the perspective of theory and research on the psychology of the development of morality from childhood to adulthood. A perspective on the topic of what it means to be just is presented, based on both philosophical and psychological considerations. It is maintained that psychological-developmental research needs to be grounded in substantive definitions of the moral domain involving considerations of welfare, justice, and rights. Research has shown that there is a correspondence between philosophical analyses of welfare, justice, and rights and the types of judgments individuals begin to develop at early ages. Research findings are discussed regarding the types of social interactions children experience across cultures that contribute to their moral development, as well as the nature of moral judgments formed at different ages.
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Mauri, Caterina, und Andrea Sansò. The Linguistic Marking of (Ir)Realis and Subjunctive. Herausgegeben von Jan Nuyts und Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.9.
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This chapter deals with the morphosyntactic and distributional properties of subjunctive and irrealis, with a special focus on their mutual relation and on their relation with indicative and realis in terms of markedness. More complex systems in which there are other moods besides the realis/irrealis (or indicative/subjunctive) dichotomy (e.g. potential, conditional, etc.) are also discussed. The topic is addressed from a terminological, typological, and diachronic perspective, illustrating the most influential approaches to these two linguistic notions. In discussing their phenomenology, it is shown that the distributional differences may in some cases be explained by considering the diachronic development of subjunctives and irrealis forms (both in terms of the identification of their diachronic sources and in terms of how these markers spread throughout different subparts of the functional domain of modality).
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Eamus, Derek, Tom Hatton, Peter Cook und Christine Colvin. Ecohydrology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094093.
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Ecohydrology: Vegetation Function, Water and Resource Management describes and provides a synthesis of the different disciplines required to understand the sustainable management of water in the environment in order to tackle issues such as dryland salinity and environmental water allocation. It provides in the one volume the fundamentals of plant ecophysiology, hydrology and ecohydrology as they relate to this topic.
Both conceptual foundations and field methods for the study of ecohydrology are provided, including chapters on groundwater dependent ecosystems, salinity and practical case studies of ecohydrology. The importance of ecologically sustainable development and environmental allocations of water are explained in a chapter devoted to policy and principles underpinning water resource management and their application to water and vegetation management. A chapter on modelling brings together the ecophysiological and hydrological domains and compares a number of models that are used in ecohydrology.
For the sustainable management of water in Australia and elsewhere, this important reference work will assist land managers, industry, policy makers, students and scientists achieve the required understanding of water in landscapes.
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Nuyts, Jan, und Johan Van Der Auwera, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Modality and Mood. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.001.0001.
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This handbook offers an in depth and comprehensive state of the art survey of the linguistic domains of modality and mood and examines the full range of methodological and theoretical approaches to the phenomena involved. Following an opening section that provides an introduction and historical background to the topic, the volume is divided into five parts. Parts 1 and 2 present the basic linguistic facts about the systems of modality and mood in the languages of the world, covering the semantics and the expression of different subtypes of modality and mood respectively. The authors also examine the interaction of modality and mood, mutually and with other semantic categories such as aspect, time, negation, and evidentiality. In Part 3, authors discuss the features of the modality and mood systems in five typologically different language groups, while chapters in Part 4 deal with wider perspectives on modality and mood: diachrony, areality, first language acquisition, and sign language. Finally, Part 5 looks at how modality and mood are handled in different theoretical approaches: formal syntax, functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, and formal semantics.
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Harabagiu, Sanda, und Dan Moldovan. Question Answering. Herausgegeben von Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0031.
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Textual Question Answering (QA) identifies the answer to a question in large collections of on-line documents. By providing a small set of exact answers to questions, QA takes a step closer to information retrieval rather than document retrieval. A QA system comprises three modules: a question-processing module, a document-processing module, and an answer extraction and formulation module. Questions may be asked about any topic, in contrast with Information Extraction (IE), which identifies textual information relevant only to a predefined set of events and entities. The natural language processing (NLP) techniques used in open-domain QA systems may range from simple lexical and semantic disambiguation of question stems to complex processing that combines syntactic and semantic features of the questions with pragmatic information derived from the context of candidate answers. This article reviews current research in integrating knowledge-based NLP methods with shallow processing techniques for QA.
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Paxton, Robert O. Comparisons and Definitions. Herausgegeben von R. J. B. Bosworth. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199594788.013.0030.
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Why did fascism succeed in some parts of Europe and not in others? This question places the topic squarely in the domain of comparative history. The development of fascism in Europe after 1919 presents a fruitful terrain for comparison. Every European nation, indeed all economically developed nations with some degree of political democracy, had some kind of fascist movement. At further stages of development, the outcomes were dramatically different. In Italy and Germany, fascist movements became major players and achieved power. In the most solidly established Western European democracies, such as Britain and Scandinavia, fascist movements remained marginal. In some cases, such as France and Belgium, they became conspicuous but could approach power only after foreign conquest. A number of authoritarian regimes, including Franco's Spain, Salazar's Portugal, Antonescu's Romania, Horthy's Hungary, imperial Japan, and Vargas's Brazil, borrowed some trappings from fascism but excluded fascist parties from real power.
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Rorie, Melissa, und Benjamin van Rooij, Hrsg. Measuring Compliance. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108770941.
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Compliance, or the behavioral response to legal rules, has become an important topic for academics and practitioners. A large body of work exists that describes different influences on business compliance, but a fundamental challenge remains: how to measure compliance or noncompliance behavior itself? Without proper measurement, it's impossible to evaluate existing management and regulatory enforcement practices. Measuring Compliance provides the first comprehensive overview of different approaches that are or could be used to measure compliance by business organizations. The book addresses the strengths and weaknesses of various methods and offers both academics and practitioners guidance on which measures are best for different purposes. In addition to understanding the importance of measuring compliance and its potential negative effects in a variety of contexts, readers will learn how to collect data to answer different questions in the compliance domain, and how to offer suggestions for improving compliance measurement.
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Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Introduction to Part I. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0017.
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This book weaves together themes from natural ontology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and information, areas of inquiry that have not recently been treated together. The sprawling topic is Kant’s how is knowledge possible? gbut viewed from a contemporary naturalist standpoint. The assumption is that we are evolved creatures that use cognition as a guide in dealing with the natural world, and that the natural world is roughly as natural science has tried to describe it. Very unlike Kant, then, we must begin with ontology, with a rough understanding of what the world is like prior to cognition, only later developing theories about the nature of cognition within that world and how it manages to reflect the rest of nature. And in moving from ontology to cognition we must traverse another non-Kantian domain: questions about the transmission of information both through natural signs and through purposeful signs, including, especially, language.
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Moi, Toril. While We Wait. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0005.
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Nearly twenty years after Margaret Simons broke the news of the scandal of the English translation of Le deuxième sexe, Toril Moi’s 2002 essay deepened feminist claims in relation to Parshley’s translation. This reprint chronicles the long and at that time unsuccessful struggle with Alfred Knopf for a new translation/scholarly edition. Moi showed that “the philosophical incompetence” of the translation damaged both de Beauvoir’s reputation and that of feminist philosophy by detailing Parshley’s silent deletions of sentences and parts of sentences, his tendency to turn “existence” into “essence,” misreading of philosophical references to “subjectivity,” botched references to Hegel, misunderstanding of Beauvoir’s account of alienation, and elimination of nuance from key discussions of themes like motherhood. Since de Beauvoir’s works will not enter public domain until 2056, the refusal of the publisher to commission a new translation meant that essays like this one were essential to teaching Beauvoir’s Second Sex to English-speaking students.
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Schindler, Samuel, Anna Drożdżowicz und Karen Brøcker, Hrsg. Linguistic Intuitions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840558.001.0001.
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In recent years there has been an increased interest in the evidential status and use of linguistic intuitions. This volume provides the most recent cutting-edge contributions from linguists and philosophers working on this topic. The volume is organized around two questions that have been at the heart of this debate: the justification question, which asks about a theoretical rationale for using linguistic intuitions as evidence in the study of language, and the methodology question, which asks whether formal methods of gathering intuitions are epistemically and methodologically superior to informal ones. The first part of the volume addresses the justification question and covers a broad range of novel theoretical contributions that either justify or critically evaluate the evidential use of linguistic intuitions. The second part of the volume presents and critically discusses recent developments in the domain of experimental syntax, where the methodology question has been debated. All chapters seek to shed new light on whether and how linguistic intuitions can be used in theorizing about language.
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Titi, Catharine. The Function of Equity in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868002.001.0001.
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A principle with a long pedigree, equity has been present in legal thought and in municipal legal systems since antiquity. Introduced in international legal decisions through claims commissions and arbitral tribunals, equity became progressively part and parcel of the international law mainstream. This book provides a systematic and comprehensive study of the legal concept of equity as it operates in contemporary international law, setting it on a new basis and dealing with some common misconceptions about it. In contrast with earlier studies on the topic, the book is informed by a body of judicial and arbitral case law that has never been so large and varied and it draws extensively on the prolific case law of investment tribunals, gaining insights from a valuable source that is typically ignored in public international law scholarship. From international cultural heritage law to the law on climate change, from maritime boundary delimitations to decisions on security for costs in investment arbitration, the relevance of equity is more far-reaching than has previously been conceded. As the importance of international law increases, continuously covering new domains, the value of equity increases with it. It is this new function of equity in the international law of the 21st century that this book explores.
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Storch, Eric A., Jonathan S. Abramowitz und Dean McKay, Hrsg. Complexities in Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052775.001.0001.
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Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) have received considerable attention over the past two decades, culminating with the inclusion of a new classification category of “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” in the DSM-5. This group of conditions includes obsessive-compulsive disorder along with two newly minted conditions (hoarding disorder and excoriation disorder) and others previously classified as somatoform disorders (body dysmorphic disorder) and impulse control disorders (hair-pulling disorder). In addition, other conditions that are not discussed in the DSM-5 have received attention, such as misophonia and orthorexia nervosa. The implications for research on these conditions, as well as their relations with one another, are significant since their aggregation is based on putative central mechanisms with limited empirical support to date. Indeed, the past decades have seen a dramatic surge in research on OCRDs across several domains, including clinical phenomenology, assessment, and psychological therapies. With these issues in mind, this comprehensive text addresses recent advances in the field of OCRDs, highlighting psychosocial theoretical and intervention approaches. As researchers and clinicians will be increasingly focused on this topic in light of the changes to DSM-5, this book is a timely addition to the literature in guiding clinicians in advances in OCRDs that will impact their practice.
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Moi, Toril. The Adulteress Wife. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0006.
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Nearly 20 years after Margaret Simons broke the news of the scandal of the English translation of Le deuxième sexe, Toril Moi’s 2002 essay deepened feminist claims in relation to Parshley’s translation, and chronicled the long and still-unsuccessful struggle with Alfred Knopf for a new translation/scholarly edition. Moi showed that “the philosophical incompetence of the translation produces a text that is damaging to Beauvoir’s intellectual reputation in particular and to the reputation of feminist philosophy in general” by detailing Parshley’s silent deletions of sentences and parts of sentences, his tendency to turn existence into essence, misread philosophical references to “subjectivity”, remain clueless about references to Hegel, and misunderstand Beauvoir’s account of alienation. These failures falsely emboldened Beauvoir’s critics by eliminating nuance from key discussions of themes like motherhood. “Her works will not enter the public domain until 2056,” Moi pointed out, and the stubborn refusal of the publisher to commission a new translation meant that essays like this one were absolutely essential to teaching Beauvoir’s Second Sex to English speaking students—“while we wait.”
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Ferlie, Ewan, Kathleen Montgomery und Anne Reff Pedersen, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Health Care Management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.001.0001.
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The Handbook provides an authoritative overview of current issues and debates in the field of health care management. It contains over twenty chapters from well known and eminent academic authors internationally who were carefully selected for their expertise and asked to provide a broad and critical overview of developments in their particular topic area. The development of an international perspective and body of knowledge is a key feature of the book. The Handbook secondly makes a case for bringing back a social science perspective into the study of the field of health care management. It therefore contains a number of contrasting and theoretically orientated chapters (e.g. on institutionalism; critical management studies). This social science based approach is a refreshing alternative to much existing work in this domain and offers a good way into current academic debates in this field. The Handbook thirdly explores a variety of important policy and organizational developments apparent within the current health care field (e.g. new organizational forms; growth of management consulting in health care organizations). It therefore explores and comments on major contemporary trends apparent in the practice field .
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Saugera, Valérie. Remade in France. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625542.001.0001.
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Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French chronicles the current status of French Anglicisms, a hot topic in the history of the French language and a compelling example of the influence of global English. The abundant data come from primary sources—a large online newspaper corpus (for unofficial Anglicisms) and the dictionary (for official Anglicisms)—and secondary sources. This book examines the appearance and behavior of English items in the lexicon and morphology of French, and explains them in the context of French neology and lexical activity. The first phase of the latest contact period (1990–2015) has its own complex linguistic characterization, including a significant influx of nonce borrowings and very low-frequency Anglicisms, heterogeneous and creative borrowing outcomes, and direct phraseological borrowing. This book is a counterargument to the well-known criticism that Anglicisms are lexical polluters. On the contrary, the use of Anglicisms requires the inventive application of complex linguistic rules, and the borrowing of Anglicisms into the French lexicon is convincing proof that language change is systematic. The findings bring novel interdisciplinary insights to the domains of borrowing in a non-bilingual contact setting; global English as a source of lexical creativity in the French lexicon; the phases, patterns and processes of integration of English loanwords; the morphology of borrowing; and computational corpus linguistics. The appended database is a snapshot of a synchronic period of linguistic contact and a useful lexicographic resource.
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Saunders, Max. Imagined Futures. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829454.001.0001.
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This study provides the first substantial history and analysis of the To-Day and To-Morrow series of 110 books, published by Kegan Paul Trench and Trübner (and E. P. Dutton in the USA) from 1923 to 1931, in which writers chose a topic, described its present, and predicted its future. Contributors included J. B. S. Haldane, Bertrand Russell, Vernon Lee, Robert Graves, Vera Brittain, Sylvia Pankhurst, Hugh McDiarmid, James Jeans, J. D. Bernal, Winifred Holtby, André Maurois, and many others. The study combines a comprehensive account of its interest, history, and range with a discussion of its key concerns, tropes, and influence. The argument focuses on science and technology, not only as the subject of many of the volumes, but also as method—especially through the paradigm of the human sciences—applied to other disciplines; and as a source of metaphors for representing other domains. It also includes chapters on war, technology, cultural studies, and literature and the arts. This book has three main aims. First, to reinstate the series as a vital contribution to the writing of modernity. Second, to reappraise modernism’s relation to the future, establishing a body of progressive writing which moves beyond the discourses of post-Darwinian degeneration and post-war disenchantment, projecting human futures rather than mythic or classical pasts. Third, to show how, as a co-ordinated body of futurological writing, the series is also revealing about the nature and practices of modern futurology.
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Harel-Shalev, Ayelet, und Shir Daphna-Tekoah. Breaking the Binaries in Security Studies. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072582.001.0001.
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The book focuses on the study of women combat soldiers in the fields of Security Studies and International Relations. It addresses this issue by bringing the soldiers’ voices and silences to the forefront of research in these domains and by presenting the women soldiers as narrators. The book introduces a theoretical framework in Critical Security Studies for understanding—by binary deconstructions of the terms used in these fields—the integration of women soldiers into combat and combat-support roles and the challenges they face. The book draws on Feminist IR scholarship and introduces an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective that aims to lead scholars to consider why and how women’s experiences should be incorporated into the analysis of violence, state violence, combat trauma, security, and insecurity. The book therefore emphasizes the importance of including, in critical approaches to security, the understudied topic of the voices of women in combat. The book explores the voices and silences of women who served in combat roles in the Israeli Defense Forces. The analysis, however, extends beyond the Israeli case insofar as the book offers important general insights into the larger issues of the links between war and gender, body and gender, trauma and gender, and politics and gender. It also raises methodological considerations about ways of evaluating power relations in conflict situations and patriarchal structures. The binary deconstructions discussed in the book offer a paradigm shift in Security Studies and Conflict Studies.
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Kahn, Andrew. Mandelstam's Worlds. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857938.001.0001.
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Rightly appreciated as a ‘poet’s poet’, Mandelstam has been habitually read as a repository of learned allusion. Yet as Seamus Heaney observed, his work is ‘as firmly rooted in both an historical and cultural context as real as Joyce’s Ulysses or Eliot’s Waste Land’. Great lyric poets offer a cross-section of their times, and Mandelstam’s poems represent the worlds of politics, history, art, and ideas about intimacy and creativity. The interconnections between these domains and Mandelstam’s writings are the subject of this book, showing how engaged the poet was with the history, social movements, political ideology, and aesthetics of his time. The importance of the book also lies in showing how literature, no less than history and philosophy, enables readers to confront the huge upheaval in outlook that can be demanded of us; thinking with poetry is to think through the moral compromise and tension felt by individuals in public and private contexts, and to create out of art experience in itself. The book further innovates by integrating a new, comprehensive discussion of the Voronezh Notebooks, one of the supreme achievements of Russian poetry. Mandelstam’s controversial political poetry has been virtually a taboo topic (despite sporadic attempts at assessment). This book considers the full political dimension of works that explore the role of the poet as a figure positioned within society but outside the state, caught between an ideal of creative independence and a devotion to the original, ameliorative ideals of the revolution.
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Schehr, Grégory, Alexander Altland, Yan V. Fyodorov, Neil O'Connell und Leticia F. Cugliandolo, Hrsg. Stochastic Processes and Random Matrices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.001.0001.
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The field of stochastic processes and random matrix theory (RMT) has been a rapidly evolving subject during the past fifteen years where the continuous development and discovery of new tools, connections, and ideas have led to an avalanche of new results. These breakthroughs have been made possible thanks, to a large extent, to the recent development of various new techniques in RMT. Matrix models have been playing an important role in theoretical physics for a long time and they are currently also a very active domain of research in mathematics. An emblematic example of these recent advances concerns the theory of growth phenomena in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class where the joint efforts of physicists and mathematicians during the past twenty years have unveiled the beautiful connections between this fundamental problem of statistical mechanics and the theory of random matrices, namely the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of certain ensemble of random matrices. These chapters not only cover this topic in detail but also present more recent developments that have emerged from these discoveries, for instance in the context of low-dimensional heat transport (on the physics side) or in the context of integrable probability (on the mathematical side).
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Chilton, Paul, und Monika Kopytowska, Hrsg. Religion, Language, and the Human Mind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.001.0001.
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The book is divided into three Parts, all preceded by a full introductory chapter by the editors that discusses modern scientific approaches to religion and the application of modern linguistics, particularly cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. Part I surveys the development of modern studies of religious language and the diverse disciplinary strands that have emerged. Beginning with descriptive approaches to religious language, and the problem of describing religious concepts across languages, we introduce the turn to cognition in linguistics and also in theology. In new interdisciplinary research it is shown how linguistics, cognitive science and neuroscience work together. The final chapter focuses on the brain’s contrasting capacities, and in particular on its capacity for language and metaphor. Part II continues the topic of metaphor – the natural ability by which humans draw on basic knowledge of the world in order to explore abstractions and intangibles. The chapters of this Part look into metaphors in religious texts, what they may be seeking to express and what cognitive resources they are using. The chapters are written by specialists, all of whom apply conceptual metaphor theory in various ways, covering several major religious traditions–Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. Part III seeks to open up new horizons for cognitive–linguistic research into religion, looking beyond written texts to the ways in which language is integrated with other modalities, including ritual, religious art, and religious electronic media. Along with these domains for investigation the chapters in Part III introduce readers to a range of technical instruments that have been developed within cognitive linguistics and discourse analysis in recent years.
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Harkness, Kate L., und Elizabeth P. Hayden, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.001.0001.
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This handbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the science of stress and mental health. Topics covered include assessment issues, the role of stress in various mental disorders, developmental influences and individual difference factors that predict reactivity to stress, and treatment of stress-related mental health problems. Decades of research have unequivocally shown that life stress is a central factor in the onset and course of almost every psychiatric disorder. However, the processes by which stress influences mental health are complex, and integration of the diverse biological and psychological systems involved necessitates a multidisciplinary perspective. Fortunately, scientists working from diverse vantage points have made huge advances in unpacking the complexities of stress-disorder relations. Thus, the time is ripe for this handbook. Internationally recognized scholars in the field of stress and stress-related disorders have contributed their diverse expertise, providing the reader with both depth and breadth in terms of understanding stress and mental health. In Part 1, a critical discussion of assessment issues in the domains of stress exposure and stress response is provided. Part 2 is comprised of chapters reviewing the relation of stress exposures to a broad range of mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Parts 3 and 4 are concerned with understanding how the stress response unfolds at both psychological and neurobiological levels, and Part 5 addresses stress adaptation and resilience, as well as evidence-based treatments for stress and stress-related disorder. This volume will constitute an invaluable resource for students, established scientists, and clinicians looking for a comprehensive treatment of the topic of stress and mental health.
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Wolff, J. E. The Metaphysics of Quantities. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837084.001.0001.
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This book articulates and defends a new and original answer to two questions: What are physical quantities and what makes them quantitative? This novel position—substantival structuralism—says that quantitativeness is an irreducible feature of particular attributes, and quantitative attributes are best understood as substantival structured spaces. Physical quantities like mass, momentum, or temperature play an important role in formulating laws of nature and in testing scientific theories. It is therefore important to have a clear philosophical understanding of what makes these attributes special. Traditional views of quantities have either suggested that quantities are determinables, that is, attributes that require determination by magnitudes, or that quantities are in some sense numerical, but neither view is satisfactory. The book shows how to use the representational theory of measurement to provide a better, more abstract criterion for quantitativeness: only attributes whose numerical representation has a high degree of uniqueness are quantitative. The best ontology for quantities is offered by a form of sophisticated substantivalism applied to quantities as structured spaces. Substantivalism, because an infinite domain is required to satisfy the formal requirements of quantitativeness; structured spaces, because they contain fundamental relations; sophisticated substantivalism because the identity of positions in such spaces is irrelevant. The resulting view is a form structuralism about quantities. The topic of the book falls squarely in the metaphysics of science, with contributions to general metaphysics and philosophy of science.