Thematische Bibliographien / TOR produkty

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  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „TOR produkty“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "TOR produkty"

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Constapel, Petra. „Vanishing of tor and torsion in tensor products“. Communications in Algebra 24, Nr. 3 (Januar 1996): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879608825604.

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2

Nasseh, Saeed, und Sean Sather-Wagstaff. „Vanishing of Ext and Tor over fiber products“. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 145, Nr. 11 (22.06.2017): 4661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/proc/13633.

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Huneke, Craig, und Roger Wiegand. „Tensor products of modules and the rigidity of Tor“. Mathematische Annalen 299, Nr. 1 (Mai 1994): 449–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01459794.

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4

Lazăr, C. „ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS IN EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN TORSION/DETORSION“. Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine (collection of abstracts) 1, Nr. 4 (29.12.2017): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29256/v.01.04.2017.escbm03.

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5

Häfner, Friedrich. „The clay and natural stones industry in the Westerwald. Deposits, extracting methods, products“. Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins 101 (11.04.2019): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/101/0006.

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6

Vetoshkina, I. S., V. S. Solodov, S. P. Subbotin, E. V. Vasileva, T. G. Cherkasova und A. V. Nevedrov. „Valuable Products from Coal Tar“. Coke and Chemistry 62, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x1902011x.

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Khaokhrueamuang, Amnaj, Piyaporn Chueamchaitrakun, Warinthorn Kachendecha, Yuki Tamari und Kazuyoshi Nakakoji. „Functioning tourism interpretation on consumer products at the tourist generating region through tea tourism“. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, Nr. 3 (18.06.2021): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-08-2020-0187.

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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the functions of tourism interpretations of consumer products in a tourist-generating region (TGR) as a means of marketing the tourist destination region (TDR) through tea tourism. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study of the Thai Shizuoka Green Tea brand working to promote tea tourism in Shizuoka, Japan. It is used to identify the functions of tourism interpretations of consumer products in a TGR related to the concept of brand identity. This paper assessed Thai consumers’ opinions on the efficiency of tourism interpretation through a sample of 404 questionnaires and with interviews of ten young females, the primary respondents. Findings Tourism interpretations of the TGR’s consumer products are important for promoting the TDR through five premises: 1) motivating visitors to visit the destination, 2) communicating the place’s meaning, 3) targeting potential tourists, 4) differentiating the destination from other sites and 5) activating value co-creation. Premises 1 and 2 were assumed to stem from visitors’ enjoyment of the tea; the packaging motivated their visit to Shizuoka, its origin. Premise 3 concerns young women who view the product as a premium healthy drink. Premises 4 and 5 are based on the brand’s essence, implying the tea company’s partnership between Thailand and Japan. Originality/value Tourism interpretation plays a significant role in TDRs’ success; however, it can be implemented with other consumer products and an efficient brand identity, to create an image of a destination.
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Inoki, Ken, Hongjiao Ouyang, Yong Li und Kun-Liang Guan. „Signaling by Target of Rapamycin Proteins in Cell Growth Control“. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 69, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.69.1.79-100.2005.

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SUMMARY Target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins are members of the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and are highly conserved from yeast to mammals. TOR proteins integrate signals from growth factors, nutrients, stress, and cellular energy levels to control cell growth. The ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP1) are two cellular targets of TOR kinase activity and are known to mediate TOR function in translational control in mammalian cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism of TOR regulation is not completely understood. One of the recent breakthrough studies in TOR signaling resulted in the identification of the tuberous sclerosis complex gene products, TSC1 and TSC2, as negative regulators for TOR signaling. Furthermore, the discovery that the small GTPase Rheb is a direct downstream target of TSC1-TSC2 and a positive regulator of the TOR function has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism of TOR activation. Here we review the current understanding of the regulation of TOR signaling and discuss its function as a signaling nexus to control cell growth during normal development and tumorigenesis.
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Ko, Darae, Alok Kapoor, Adam J. Rose, Amresh D. Hanchate, Donald Miller, Michael R. Winter, Joseph N. Palmisano et al. „Temporal trends in pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism after hip and knee replacement in older adults“. Vascular Medicine 25, Nr. 5 (09.06.2020): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x20927096.

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Trends in prescription for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following total hip (THR) and knee replacement (TKR) since the approval of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and the 2012 guideline endorsement of aspirin are unknown, as are the risks of adverse events. We examined practice patterns in the prescription of prophylaxis agents and the risk of adverse events during the in-hospital period (the ‘in-hospital sample’) and 90 days following discharge (the ‘discharge sample’) among adults aged ⩾ 65 undergoing THR and TKR in community hospitals in the Institute for Health Metrics database over a 30-month period during 2011 to 2013. Eligible medications included fondaparinux, DOACs, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), other heparin products, warfarin, and aspirin. Outcomes were validated by physician review of source documents: VTE, major hemorrhage, cardiovascular events, and death. The in-hospital and the discharge samples included 10,503 and 5722 adults from 65 hospitals nationwide, respectively (mean age 73, 74 years; 61%, 63% women). Pharmacologic prophylaxis was near universal during the in-hospital period (93%) and at discharge (99%). DOAC use increased substantially and was the prophylaxis of choice for nearly a quarter (in-hospital) and a third (discharge) of the patients. Aspirin was the sole discharge prophylactic agent for 17% and 19% of patients undergoing THR and TKR, respectively. Warfarin remained the prophylaxis agent of choice for patients aged 80 years and older. The overall risk of adverse events was low, at less than 1% for both the in-hospital and discharge outcomes. The low number of adverse events precluded statistical comparison of prophylaxis regimens.
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Willison, K. R., G. Hynes, P. Davies, A. Goldsborough und V. A. Lewis. „Expression of three t-complex genes, Tcp-1, D17Leh117c3, and D17Leh66, in purified murine spermatogenic cell populations“. Genetics Research 56, Nr. 2-3 (Oktober 1990): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300035291.

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SummaryTransmission ratio distortion (TRD) is a property of the complete t-haplotype which results in the preferential transmission of the t-haplotype chromosome from heterozygous t/+ males to the majority of the progeny. Available data suggest that in t/+ males, a dysfunction of the wild-type sperm within the female reproductive tract is responsible for the observed deviation from Mendelian segregation ratios. Genetically, Lyon has shown that multiple loci within the t-complex are required for maximum levels of TRD. These loci include multiple t-complex distorters (Teds) which act upon a single t-complex responder (Ter). Testis-expressed genes have been cloned which map to the same subregions of the t-complex as the Teds and Ter and are thus considered candidate genes for the products of these loci. To begin to understand how the products of these loci biochemically control TRD, the expression of three TRD-candidate genes (Tcp-1, D17Leh117c3, and D17Leh66) has been determined in populations of spermatocytes and differentiated spermatids purified to near homogeneity by unit gravity sedimentation. Fractions covering the entire gradient were analysed resulting in a more accurate picture of the precise timing of expression than previously reported. Transcription of all three genes was up-regulated in pachytene primary spermatocytes and persisted at stable levels through the haploid spermatid stages. Significantly, only levels of mRNA encoded by D17Leh66, the candidate gene for Tcr, increased from early round to elongating-stage spermatids. If this pattern of expression does, in fact, represent Tcr, these data provide the first direct evidence that wild-type and t-haplotype Tcr elements could be differentially expressed in haploid spermatids.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "TOR produkty"

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Tomčová, Renata. „Testování výkonnosti maziv pro kolejovou dopravu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443211.

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Top-of- rail lubricants are an effective way to control adhesion, reduce contact wear and noise in rail transport. However, despite the widespread use of these lubricants, there is currently no standard defining how to test and evaluate their performance. This work aims to develop a methodology for testing top-of-rail lubricants in a laboratory environment using a tribometer in a ball-on-disk configuration. At first, important operational parameters of experiments are analyzed and experimentally tested. These are mainly wear-in and run-in, method of application, roughness and geometric parameters of contact bodies. The result of this work is a testing methodology that guarantees good repeatability and reliability of results. In the last part of this work, the methodology is verified using commercial top-of-rail lubricants.
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Häßler, Alina, und Bernd Souren. „Which product attributes lead consumers to prefer startups’ products over established companies’ products in the specialty product category? : A study of the electric vehicle market in Germany“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate which product attributes lead consumers to prefer startups’ products over established companies’ products in the specialty product category. The research object is the electric vehicle market in Germany and the product attributes that are researched are alignable attributes, non-alignable attributes and the price. Design/Methodology/Approach – Quantitative data was collected via an internet questionnaire by means of the non-probability sampling techniques convenience and snowball sampling. The data of 408 members of the German Generation Y (age 17 – 38) was used to test six hypotheses by applying ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings – It was found that established companies possess a pioneer advantage in comparison to startups for the specialty product ‘electric vehicle’. This advantage can be overcome when startups differentiate their electric vehicles by implementing superior alignable attributes, a valuable non-alignable attribute or a lower price. Superior alignable attributes had the strongest positive influence on consumers’ preferences towards the startup’s electric vehicle, followed by the lower price and a valuable non-alignable attribute. Limitations/Implications – This study is limited to investigating consumers’ preferences without focusing on the reasons behind the preferences. Further, the category of specialty products is represented by only one example, namely the electric vehicle industry. Practical Implications – Startups can benefit from the results by adopting differentiation strategies that were found to be successful in overcoming pioneer advantage. Originality/Value – This study contributes to pioneer advantage literature by researching how startups can successfully overcome pioneer advantage in the specialty product category.
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Felekoğlu, Burcu. „Top management involvement in new product development projects“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610097.

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Nyman, Oscar. „Towards a quality control for cloud top pressure and cloud top height products“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61977.

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Cloud top height plays an important roll in the energy budget and is also important for aviation. This thesis concerns the quality control of cloud top height (CTH) retrievals. The approach for quality controlling retrieved CTH has been using the forward simulating software RTTOV. An error estimation function has been developed as well as an investigation to what simplifications can be done regarding the forward simulations for CTH purposes at SMHI. The purpose of the error estimation function is to validate CTH output from CTH retrieval algorithms by giving a rough error estimate of the retrieved CTH compared to what forward simulations predict. For simplifying the forward simulations the most promising results have been shown for lower clouds. Further testing is still of interest and for future work suggestions are provided regarding the error estimation function as well as for simplifying the forward simulations.
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Pires, Maria Inês Garcia. „Redução do teor de sal em fiambre de peru“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20952.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de fiambres de peru com teor de sal reduzido de forma a ir de encontro ao padrão de consumo atual no qual os consumidores procuram produtos mais saudáveis. Os fiambres foram produzidos a partir de peitos de peru e diversos ingredientes de acordo com a receita original da Empresa X. Foram produzidos três lotes, em dias diferentes, do fiambre de peru com o teor de sal total da receita original e do fiambre com redução de 25% do teor de sal. Adicionalmente foi produzido um terceiro produto com redução de 25% de sal mais adição de um aroma comercial. De forma a caracterizar e determinar a vida útil dos produtos foi efetuada a avaliação físico-química e microbiológica dos produtos. Para tal foi estabelecido um período de armazenamento de 36 dias e consideraram-se seis momentos (T0, T15, T21, T25, T30 e T36) de determinações químicas e análises microbiológicas. A análise sensorial foi efetuada com um questionário baseado numa escala Just About Right a um painel de 108 provadores no momento T0 para todos os lotes. Foi ainda efetuado um Teste Triangular em T0 para o lote 2. A avaliação físico-química permitiu caracterizar os produtos quanto ao teor de humidade, cloretos, cor e pH. A contagem de indicadores microbiológicos incidiu em microrganismos Aeróbios totais a 30ºC, Bactérias ácido láticas e Coliformes. A avaliação microbiológica revelou que não existem diferenças significativas entre o fiambre de peru original e aquele com redução de 25% do teor de sal sendo possível reduzir o sal neste tipo de produto sem ter de adicionar outros ingredientes e respeitando o período de vida útil estabelecido de 36 dias. A nível físico-químico as únicas diferenças significativas detetadas foram no parâmetro cor, mais especificamente em L* (luminosidade) e em a* (vermelho). A análise sensorial demonstrou uma aceitação por parte dos consumidores e até mesmo, em alguns casos, a preferência do produto com menor teor de sal. O Teste Triangular por seu lado mostrou que os provadores não conseguiam detetar diferenças entre os dois produtos. O fiambre com adição de aroma não demonstrou qualquer vantagem a nível sensorial. De um modo geral o fiambre com redução de 25% de sal sem adição de qualquer outro ingrediente parece viável sendo que os únicos parâmetros que podem, eventualmente, beneficiar de algumas melhorias são a textura e a suculência.
ABSTRACT - This work aimed to develop cooked turkey hams with reduced salt content in order to meet the current consumption pattern in which consumers are looking for healthier products. The cooked hams were produced from turkey breasts and various ingredients according to the original recipe from Company X. Three batches were produced, on different days, of a cooked turkey ham with the total salt content according to the original recipe and of a cooked ham with a 25% reduction in the salt content. Additionally, a third product was produced with a 25% salt reduction plus the addition of a commercial flavor. In order to characterize and determine the shelf-life of the meat products, the chemical and microbiological evaluation of the products was carried out. For this purpose, a storage period of 36 days was established and six moments (T0, T15, T21, T25, T30 and T36) of chemical determinations and microbiological analyzes were considered. Sensory analysis was performed with a questionnaire based on a Just About Right scale to a panel of 108 tasters at the time T0 for all lots. A Triangular Test was also carried out for lot 2 at T0. The physical-chemical evaluation allowed to characterize the products in terms of moisture content, chlorides, color and pH. The count of microbiological indicators focused on total aerobic microorganisms at 30ºC, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms. The microbiological evaluation revealed that there were no significant differences between the original turkey ham and the one with a 25% reduction in the salt content, making it possible to reduce the salt in this type of product without having to add other ingredients and respecting the established shelf life of 36 days. At the physical-chemical level, the only significant differences detected were in the color parameter more specifically in L* and in a*. Sensory analysis showed acceptance by consumers and even, in some cases, the preference of the product with the lowest salt content. The Triangular Test in turn showed that the tasters were unable to detect differences between the two products. The flavored ham did not show any sensory advantage. In general, ham with a 25% salt reduction without adding any other ingredients seems viable, since the only parameters that may eventually benefit from some improvements are texture and juiciness.
N/A
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Höwler, Marcel. „Präparation und Charakterisierung von TMR-Nanosäulen“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-91946.

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Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Nanostrukturierung von magnetischen Schichtsystemen mit Tunnelmagnetowiderstandseffekt (TMR-Effekt), welche in der Form von Nanosäulen in magnetoresistiven Speichern (MRAM) eingesetzt werden. Solche Nanosäulen können zukünftig ebenfalls als Nanoemitter von Mikrowellensignalen eine Rolle spielen. Dabei wird von der Auswahl eines geeigneten TMR-Schichtsystems mit einer MgO-Tunnelbarriere über die Präparation der Nanosäulen mit Seitenisolierung bis hin zum Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen eine komplette Prozesskette entwickelt und optimiert. Die Strukturen werden mittels optischer Lithographie und Elektronenstrahllithographie definiert, die anschließende Strukturübertragung erfolgt durch Ionenstrahlätzen (teilweise reaktiv) sowie durch Lift-off. Rückmeldung über Erfolg oder Probleme bei der Strukturierung geben Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (teilweise mit Zielpräparation per Ionenfeinstrahl, FIB), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie die Lichtmikroskopie. Es können so TMR-Nanosäulen mit minimalen Abmessungen von bis zu 69 nm x 71 nm hergestellt werden, von denen Nanosäulen mit Abmessungen von 65 nm x 87 nm grundlegend magneto-elektrisch charakterisiert worden sind. Dies umfasst die Bestimmung des TMR-Effektes und des Widerstandes der Tunnelbarriere (RA-Produkt). Weiterhin wurde das Verhalten der magnetischen Schichten bei größeren Magnetfeldern bis +-200mT sowie das Umschaltverhalten der magnetisch freien Schicht bei verändertem Winkel zwischen magnetischer Vorzugsachse des TMR-Elementes und dem äußeren Magnetfeld untersucht. Der Nachweis des Spin-Transfer-Torque Effektes an den präparierten TMR-Nanosäulen ist im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht gelungen, was mit dem zu hohen elektrischen Widerstand der verwendeten Tunnelbarriere erklärt werden kann. Mit dünneren Barrieren konnte der Widerstand gesenkt werden, allerdings führt ein Stromfluss durch diese Barrieren schnell zur Degradation der Barrieren. Weiterführende Arbeiten sollten das Ziel haben, niederohmige und gleichzeitig elektrisch belastbare Tunnelbarrieren in einem entsprechenden TMR-Schichtsystem abzuscheiden. Eine erste Auswahl an Ansatzpunkten dafür aus der Literatur wird im Ausblick gegeben
This thesis deals with the fabrication of nanopillars with tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR-effect), which are used in magnetoresistive memory (MRAM) and may be used as nanooscillators for future near field communication devices. Starting with the selection of a suitable TMR-layer stack with MgO-tunnel barrier, the whole process chain covering the fabrication of the nanopillars, sidewall isolation and preparation of the supply lines on top is developed and optimised. The structures are defined by optical and electron beam lithography, the subsequent patterning is done by ion beam etching (partially reactive) and lift-off. Techniques providing feedback on the nanofabrication are transmission electron microscopy (partially with target preparation by focused ion beam, FIB), scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. In this way nanopillars with minimal dimensions reaching 69 nm x 71 nm could be fabricated, of which nanopillars with a size of 65 nm x 87 nm were characterized fundamentally with respect to their magnetic and electric properties. This covers the determination of the TMR-effect and the resistance of the tunnel barrier (RA-product). In addition, the behaviour of the magnetic layers under higher magnetic fields (up to +-200mT) and the switching behaviour of the free layer at different angles between the easy axis of the TMR-element and the external magnetic field were investigated. The spin transfer torque effect could not be detected in the fabricated nanopillars due to the high electrical resistance of the tunnel barriers which were used. The resistance could be lowered by using thinner barriers, but this led to a quick degradation of the barrier when a current was applied. Continuative work should focus on the preparation of tunnel barriers in an appropriate TMR-stack being low resistive and electrically robust at the same time. A first selection of concepts and ideas from the literature for this task is given in the outlook
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Höwler, Marcel. „Präparation und Charakterisierung von TMR-Nanosäulen“. Doctoral thesis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26102.

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Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Nanostrukturierung von magnetischen Schichtsystemen mit Tunnelmagnetowiderstandseffekt (TMR-Effekt), welche in der Form von Nanosäulen in magnetoresistiven Speichern (MRAM) eingesetzt werden. Solche Nanosäulen können zukünftig ebenfalls als Nanoemitter von Mikrowellensignalen eine Rolle spielen. Dabei wird von der Auswahl eines geeigneten TMR-Schichtsystems mit einer MgO-Tunnelbarriere über die Präparation der Nanosäulen mit Seitenisolierung bis hin zum Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen eine komplette Prozesskette entwickelt und optimiert. Die Strukturen werden mittels optischer Lithographie und Elektronenstrahllithographie definiert, die anschließende Strukturübertragung erfolgt durch Ionenstrahlätzen (teilweise reaktiv) sowie durch Lift-off. Rückmeldung über Erfolg oder Probleme bei der Strukturierung geben Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (teilweise mit Zielpräparation per Ionenfeinstrahl, FIB), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie die Lichtmikroskopie. Es können so TMR-Nanosäulen mit minimalen Abmessungen von bis zu 69 nm x 71 nm hergestellt werden, von denen Nanosäulen mit Abmessungen von 65 nm x 87 nm grundlegend magneto-elektrisch charakterisiert worden sind. Dies umfasst die Bestimmung des TMR-Effektes und des Widerstandes der Tunnelbarriere (RA-Produkt). Weiterhin wurde das Verhalten der magnetischen Schichten bei größeren Magnetfeldern bis +-200mT sowie das Umschaltverhalten der magnetisch freien Schicht bei verändertem Winkel zwischen magnetischer Vorzugsachse des TMR-Elementes und dem äußeren Magnetfeld untersucht. Der Nachweis des Spin-Transfer-Torque Effektes an den präparierten TMR-Nanosäulen ist im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht gelungen, was mit dem zu hohen elektrischen Widerstand der verwendeten Tunnelbarriere erklärt werden kann. Mit dünneren Barrieren konnte der Widerstand gesenkt werden, allerdings führt ein Stromfluss durch diese Barrieren schnell zur Degradation der Barrieren. Weiterführende Arbeiten sollten das Ziel haben, niederohmige und gleichzeitig elektrisch belastbare Tunnelbarrieren in einem entsprechenden TMR-Schichtsystem abzuscheiden. Eine erste Auswahl an Ansatzpunkten dafür aus der Literatur wird im Ausblick gegeben.:Einleitung I Grundlagen 1 Spinelektronik und Magnetowiderstand 1.1 Der Elektronenspin – Grundlage des Magnetismus 1.2 Magnetoresistive Effekte 1.2.1 AnisotroperMagnetowiderstand 1.2.2 Riesenmagnetowiderstand 1.2.3 Tunnelmagnetowiderstand 1.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque 1.4 Anwendungen 1.4.1 Festplattenleseköpfe 1.4.2 Magnetoresistive Random AccessMemory (MRAM) 1.4.3 Nanooszillatoren für drahtlose Kommunikation 2 Grundlagen der Mikro- und Nanostrukturierung 2.1 Belacken 2.2 Belichten 2.2.1 Optische Lithographie 2.2.2 Elektronenstrahllithographie 2.3 Entwickeln 2.4 Strukturübertragung 2.4.1 Die Lift-off Technik 2.4.2 Ätzen 2.5 Entfernen der Lackmaske 2.6 Reinigung 2.6.1 Quellen von Verunreinigungen 2.6.2 Auswirkungen von Verunreinigungen 2.6.3 Entfernung von Verunreinigungen 2.6.4 Spülen und Trocknen der Probenoberfläche 3 Ionenstrahlätzen 3.1 Physikalisches Ätzen – Sputterätzen 3.2 Reaktives Ionenstrahlätzen – RIBE 3.3 Anlagentechnik 3.3.1 Parameter 3.3.2 Homogenität 3.3.3 Endpunktdetektion II Ergebnisse und Diskussion 4 TMR-Schichtsysteme 4.1 Prinzipielle Schichtfolge 4.2 Verwendete TMR-Schichtsysteme 4.3 Rekristallisation von Kupfer 4.4 Formierung der TMR-Schichtsysteme 4.4.1 Antiferromagnetische Kopplung an PtMn 4.4.2 Rekristallisation an der MgO-Barriere 4.5 Anpassung der MgO-Schicht – TMR-Effekt und RA-Produkt 4.6 Magnetische Charakterisierung 5 Probendesign 5.1 Beschreibung der vier lithographischen Ebenen 5.2 Layout für statische und dynamischeMessungen 5.2.1 Geometrie 5.2.2 Anforderungen für die Hochfrequenzmessung 5.3 Layout für Zuverlässigkeitsmessungen 5.3.1 Geometrie 5.3.2 Voraussetzungen für die Funktion 5.4 Chiplayout 5.4.1 Zusatzstrukturen 5.4.2 Anordnung der Elemente 6 Fertigung eines Maskensatzes für die optische Lithographie 6.1 Vorbereitung desMaskenrohlings 6.2 Strukturierung mittels Elektronenstrahllithographie 6.3 Ätzen der Chromschicht 7 Ergebnisse und Diskussion der Probenpräparation 7.1 Definition der Grundelektrode 7.1.1 Freistellen der Grundelektrode 7.1.2 Gratfreiheit der Grundelektrode 7.1.3 Oberflächenqualität nach der Strukturierung 7.2 Präparation der magnetischen Nanosäulen 7.2.1 Aufbringen einer Ätzmaske 7.2.2 Ionenstrahlätzen der TMR-Nanosäule 7.2.3 Abmessungen der präparierten Nanosäulen 7.3 Vertikale Kontaktierung 7.3.1 Seitenwandisolation 7.3.2 Freilegen der Kontakte 7.3.3 Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen 7.4 Die komplette Prozesskette und Ausbeute 8 Magneto-elektrische Charakterisierung 8.1 Messung des Tunnelmagnetowiderstandes 8.2 Stabilität der magnetischen Konfiguration 8.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque an TMR-Nanosäulen 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis
This thesis deals with the fabrication of nanopillars with tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR-effect), which are used in magnetoresistive memory (MRAM) and may be used as nanooscillators for future near field communication devices. Starting with the selection of a suitable TMR-layer stack with MgO-tunnel barrier, the whole process chain covering the fabrication of the nanopillars, sidewall isolation and preparation of the supply lines on top is developed and optimised. The structures are defined by optical and electron beam lithography, the subsequent patterning is done by ion beam etching (partially reactive) and lift-off. Techniques providing feedback on the nanofabrication are transmission electron microscopy (partially with target preparation by focused ion beam, FIB), scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. In this way nanopillars with minimal dimensions reaching 69 nm x 71 nm could be fabricated, of which nanopillars with a size of 65 nm x 87 nm were characterized fundamentally with respect to their magnetic and electric properties. This covers the determination of the TMR-effect and the resistance of the tunnel barrier (RA-product). In addition, the behaviour of the magnetic layers under higher magnetic fields (up to +-200mT) and the switching behaviour of the free layer at different angles between the easy axis of the TMR-element and the external magnetic field were investigated. The spin transfer torque effect could not be detected in the fabricated nanopillars due to the high electrical resistance of the tunnel barriers which were used. The resistance could be lowered by using thinner barriers, but this led to a quick degradation of the barrier when a current was applied. Continuative work should focus on the preparation of tunnel barriers in an appropriate TMR-stack being low resistive and electrically robust at the same time. A first selection of concepts and ideas from the literature for this task is given in the outlook.:Einleitung I Grundlagen 1 Spinelektronik und Magnetowiderstand 1.1 Der Elektronenspin – Grundlage des Magnetismus 1.2 Magnetoresistive Effekte 1.2.1 AnisotroperMagnetowiderstand 1.2.2 Riesenmagnetowiderstand 1.2.3 Tunnelmagnetowiderstand 1.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque 1.4 Anwendungen 1.4.1 Festplattenleseköpfe 1.4.2 Magnetoresistive Random AccessMemory (MRAM) 1.4.3 Nanooszillatoren für drahtlose Kommunikation 2 Grundlagen der Mikro- und Nanostrukturierung 2.1 Belacken 2.2 Belichten 2.2.1 Optische Lithographie 2.2.2 Elektronenstrahllithographie 2.3 Entwickeln 2.4 Strukturübertragung 2.4.1 Die Lift-off Technik 2.4.2 Ätzen 2.5 Entfernen der Lackmaske 2.6 Reinigung 2.6.1 Quellen von Verunreinigungen 2.6.2 Auswirkungen von Verunreinigungen 2.6.3 Entfernung von Verunreinigungen 2.6.4 Spülen und Trocknen der Probenoberfläche 3 Ionenstrahlätzen 3.1 Physikalisches Ätzen – Sputterätzen 3.2 Reaktives Ionenstrahlätzen – RIBE 3.3 Anlagentechnik 3.3.1 Parameter 3.3.2 Homogenität 3.3.3 Endpunktdetektion II Ergebnisse und Diskussion 4 TMR-Schichtsysteme 4.1 Prinzipielle Schichtfolge 4.2 Verwendete TMR-Schichtsysteme 4.3 Rekristallisation von Kupfer 4.4 Formierung der TMR-Schichtsysteme 4.4.1 Antiferromagnetische Kopplung an PtMn 4.4.2 Rekristallisation an der MgO-Barriere 4.5 Anpassung der MgO-Schicht – TMR-Effekt und RA-Produkt 4.6 Magnetische Charakterisierung 5 Probendesign 5.1 Beschreibung der vier lithographischen Ebenen 5.2 Layout für statische und dynamischeMessungen 5.2.1 Geometrie 5.2.2 Anforderungen für die Hochfrequenzmessung 5.3 Layout für Zuverlässigkeitsmessungen 5.3.1 Geometrie 5.3.2 Voraussetzungen für die Funktion 5.4 Chiplayout 5.4.1 Zusatzstrukturen 5.4.2 Anordnung der Elemente 6 Fertigung eines Maskensatzes für die optische Lithographie 6.1 Vorbereitung desMaskenrohlings 6.2 Strukturierung mittels Elektronenstrahllithographie 6.3 Ätzen der Chromschicht 7 Ergebnisse und Diskussion der Probenpräparation 7.1 Definition der Grundelektrode 7.1.1 Freistellen der Grundelektrode 7.1.2 Gratfreiheit der Grundelektrode 7.1.3 Oberflächenqualität nach der Strukturierung 7.2 Präparation der magnetischen Nanosäulen 7.2.1 Aufbringen einer Ätzmaske 7.2.2 Ionenstrahlätzen der TMR-Nanosäule 7.2.3 Abmessungen der präparierten Nanosäulen 7.3 Vertikale Kontaktierung 7.3.1 Seitenwandisolation 7.3.2 Freilegen der Kontakte 7.3.3 Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen 7.4 Die komplette Prozesskette und Ausbeute 8 Magneto-elektrische Charakterisierung 8.1 Messung des Tunnelmagnetowiderstandes 8.2 Stabilität der magnetischen Konfiguration 8.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque an TMR-Nanosäulen 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis
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Rey-Stocker, Irmi. „Anfang und Ende des menschlichen Lebens aus der Sicht der Medizin und der drei monotheistischen Religionen Judentum, Christentum und Islam“. Basel Freiburg [Breisgau] Paris London New York Bangalore Bangkok Singapore Tokyo Sydney Karger, 2004. http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=showproducts&ProduktNr=231470&searchWhat=books.

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Wang, Rong. „Effect of e-wom message of opinion leaders on purchase intention of female consumers in China : case of Ddouyin (Tik Tok)“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18315.

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Mestrado em Marketing
Com o desenvolvimento de Internet e social media, há cada vez mais líderes de opinião a expressar as suas opiniões, recomendacões es e outras formas de passa palavra eletrônica (e-WOM) sobre produtos ou marcas na plataforma de social media. Os seus e-WOMs têm uma influência no processo de decisão de compra do consumidor. O objetivo principal da dissertacão é estudar a relacão entre e-WOM de líderes de opinião e a intenção de compra das consumidores femininas chinesas, explorando o efeito da especialidade, confiança, credibilidade do emissor de e-WOM, valor percebido e atitude sobre o produto/marca. Para realizar esse objetivo, uma pesquisa quantitativa foi utilizada para testar as hipóteses; teses de investigacão. Através de distribuicão online, 215 questionários válidos foram recolhidos para análise dos dados. Os resultados revelaram que a especialidade e confiabilidade dos líderes de opinião têm um impacto positivo na credibilidade de e-WOM. A credibilidade do emissor de e-WOM pode influenciar positivamente o valor percebido e atitude em relação ao produto ou marca dado pelo consumidor. A especialidade, valor percebido e atitude em relacão ao produto ou marca tem um impacto positivo na intencão de compra das consumidoras femininas chinesas.
With the development of internet and social media, more and more opinion leaders expressed their reviews, recommendations and other forms of electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) about the product or brand in social media platforms. These e-WOMs can influence the purchase decision of consumers. Douyin is a short-video social media app and is fast-growing in China where opinion leaders? express theirs reviews and recommendations about a product or a brand which will influence the purchase decision-making process of Chinese consumers. The main purpose of this dissertation is to study the relation between e-WOM message by opinion leaders and the purchase intention of Chinese female consumers, exploring the role of expertise, trustworthiness, e-WOM credibility, product/brand perceived value and attitude. In order to achieve the objectives, a quantitative research was used to test the research hypotheses. Through the online survey, 215 effective questionnaires have been collected and used to process the data analysis. The results revealed that expertise and trustworthiness of opinion leaders have a positive impact on the e-WOM credibility. The e-WOM credibility can influence positively the product/brand perceived value and attitude of consumer. The expertise of opinion leaders, product/brand perceived value and attitude has a positive impact on the purchase intention of Chinese female consumers. The Chinese female consumers put more emphasis on expertise of the message sender. The credible message can shape the perceived value and attitude about product/brand of Chinese female consumers, and thus have an effect on purchase intention.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Takekawa, T. „Chemistry of mesophase formation“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379323.

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Bücher zum Thema "TOR produkty"

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Brodbeck, Didier. Chic et toc: Le vrai livre des contrefaçons. Paris: Balland, 1990.

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Fortis, Marco, Stefano Corradini und Monica Carminati. Italy’s Top Products in World Trade. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15817-4.

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Winsor, John. Flipped: How bottom-up co-creation is replacing top-down innovation. Chicago: B2 Books, 2010.

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1959-, Winsor John, Hrsg. Flipped: How bottom-up co-creation is replacing top-down innovation. Chicago: B2 Books, 2010.

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The lean machine: How Harley-Davidson drove top-line growth and profitability with revolutionary lean product development. New York: American Management Association, 2010.

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Stansfield, Edgar. Products and by-products of coal. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, 1997.

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Borg, Daniel, und Jenny Ivarsson. Analysis of PFASs and TOF in products. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2017-543.

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Wilbur, Todd. The best of top secret recipes. New York, N.Y: Penguin Group, 2003.

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Soda, Teer und Schwefelsäure: Der Weg zur Grosschemie. [München]: Deutsches Museum, 1985.

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The best of top secret recipes. New York, N.Y: Penguin Group, 2003.

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Buchteile zum Thema "TOR produkty"

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Rubin, Julia, und Marsha Chechik. „Combining Related Products into Product Lines“. In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 285–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28872-2_20.

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Rahikkala, Jurka, Sami Hyrynsalmi, Ville Leppänen, Tommi Mikkonen und Johannes Holvitie. „Top Management Support for Software Cost Estimation“. In Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, 89–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69926-4_8.

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Affleck, James G. „What Top Management Expects from Commercial Development“. In Successful Product and Business Development, 207–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003209935-15.

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de Lange, Fons. „The Philips-Open TV® Product Family Architecture for Interactive Set-Top Boxes“. In Software Product-Family Engineering, 187–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47833-7_18.

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Lacy, Peter, und Jakob Rutqvist. „The Product Life-Extension Business Model: Products that Are Built to Last“. In Waste to Wealth, 68–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137530707_6.

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Li, Xiang, und Jigang Jin. „Product Liability“. In Concise Chinese Tort Laws, 183–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41024-6_17.

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Li, Xiang, und Jigang Jin. „Product Liability“. In Concise Chinese Tort Laws, 283–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41024-6_30.

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Nash, J. Frank, und Paul R. Tanner. „The Controversy of Sunscreen Product Exposure: Too Little, Too Much, or Just Right“. In Principles and Practice of Photoprotection, 125–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29382-0_8.

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Laws, Wendy. „Product liability“. In Essential Tort Law for SQE1, 167–76. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003133698-25.

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Givant, Steven. „Direct products“. In Introduction to Relation Algebras, 419–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65235-1_11.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "TOR produkty"

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Ramesh, Raghuram Puthali, und Shun Takai. „Top-Down Benchmarking Approach for Estimating Cost of Concept“. In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99615.

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Due to the highly competitive nature of businesses today, cost estimation forms an important strategic process in making decisions about design and development of new products. The focus is on improving the quality and service of the product at ever reducing costs. In conceptual design phase, engineers need to estimate how much the final products developed from each concept may cost. Estimating cost of the final product is critical in selecting the optimal concept. Majority of the cost estimation techniques used in the industry today concentrate on the parametric estimation. Parametric estimation accurately predicts cost of the final product using historic data about cost drivers. However, if firms are developing new products different from their past product categories, historic data may not be a credible source for parametric cost estimation. In this paper, the authors proposed a top-down benchmarking approach in estimating cost of new products in conceptual design phase. The objective is to construct a cost distribution model for the final product developed from each concept.
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Coughlin, Michael K., und Michael J. Scott. „An Activity-Based Costing Method to Support Market-Driven Top-Down Product Family Design“. In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12264.

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As more and more companies offer product families rather than individual products, the competitive advantage of product platforming is shrinking. In order to compete companies need to link marketing and engineering so that designers are able to make decisions about critical trade-offs between cost and performance. The current methods for market-driven platform designs use traditional product costing where indirect costs are assigned to individual products based on relative production quantities. Because of increasing product diversity and decreasing direct labor costs, the ratio of indirect costs to total cost of products is increasing. A method for use during the design stage of top-down product family design is needed to assign indirect costs to individual products based on the product’s consumption of indirect resources. An activity-based costing method for top-down product family design is presented here. This method allows the designer to model indirect costs as a function of engineering attributes, creating a framework for top-down product platform optimization that provides a more accurate estimation of cost than traditional product costing methods. An illustrative example shows that an activity-based costing model predicts different profitability from a traditional costing system for a number of different motor designs.
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„SPCE 2020 TOC“. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering - (SPCE Portland). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spce50045.2020.9296191.

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Wan, Qian, Raymond Chi-Wing Wong und Yu Peng. „Finding top-k profitable products“. In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2011.5767895.

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Georgiadis, Kostas, Giorgos Kordopatis-Zilos, Fotis Kalaganis, Panagiotis Migkotzidis, Elisavet Chatzilari, Valasia Panakidou, Kyriakos Pantouvakis et al. „Products-6K: A Large-Scale Groceries Product Recognition Dataset“. In PETRA '21: The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3453892.3453894.

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Turner, Callaway, Scott Ferguson und Joseph Donndelinger. „Exploring Heterogeneity of Customer Preference to Balance Commonality and Market Coverage“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48581.

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Offering increased variety in a market is one method of capturing greater market share. However, we generally observe diminishing marginal returns in share as the size of the product line is increased. Leveraging commonality is a means of offsetting this constraint as it leads to reductions in manufacturing costs and build complexity. Product platforms strive to capitalize on the naturally occurring phenomena that yield commonality in a product line. The structure of design variable values of individually optimized products create opportunities for commonality in a bottom-up platform, while a top-down platform discovers opportunities for commonality through similarity in customer preferences. This paper explores the effect of changing the number of products, and commonality between those products, on market share. Results from designing a varying number of products independently are leveraged to create a bottom-up product platform. A top-down product platform approach based on a heterogeneous discrete choice model and a multiobjective genetic algorithm is presented that allow commonality decisions and product configuration to occur simultaneously. Using the platforming techniques presented in this paper, it is shown that the top-down platforming approach allows for more well-informed platformed design by providing knowledge of the tradeoff between commonality and market share.
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„SPCEB-Boston 2018 TOC“. In 2018 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering (SPCEB-Boston). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spceb.2018.8604447.

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Thevenot, Henri J., und Timothy W. Simpson. „A Comparison of Commonality Indices for Product Family Design“. In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57141.

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Today’s highly competitive and global marketplace is redefining the way companies do business: many companies are being faced with the challenge of providing as much variety as possible for the market with as little variety as possible between products. In order to achieve this, product families have been developed, allowing the realization of a sufficient variety of products to meet the customers’ demands while keeping costs relatively low. The challenge when designing a family of products is in resolving the tradeoff between product commonality and distinctiveness: if commonality is too high, products lack distinctiveness, and their individual performance is not optimized; on the other hand, if commonality is too low, manufacturing costs will increase dramatically. Toward this end, several commonality indices have been proposed to assess the amount of commonality within a product family. In this paper, we compare and contrast six of the commonality indices from the literature based on their ease of data collection, repeatability and consistency. Eight families of products are dissected and analyzed, and the commonality of each product family is computed using each commonality index. The results are then analyzed and compared, and recommendations are given on their usefulness for product family design. This study lays a foundation for understanding the relationship between different platform leveraging strategies and the resulting degree of commonality within a product family.
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Yang, Chien-Yuh, Chun-Ta Yeh, Kou-Chung Huang und Shao-Nong Tsai. „Development of a Mini Liquid Cooling System for High Heat Flux Electronic Devices“. In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82156.

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The size of the most of the current commercialized liquid cooling systems is apparently too large to be easily adapted in a notebook or a mini size desk top computer. This study incorporated the authors’ previous micro heat exchanger design with an extra slim pump concept proposed by a local manufacturer to develop a high performance miniature liquid cooling system. An integrated pump and cold plate assembly was also developed for further reducing the overall size of the system. In comparing to the commercial products, the test results show that the micro pump provides a higher maximum pressure head and maximum flow rate performance. The cold plate has the lowest thermal resistance at moderate and high flow rate region. And the performed of the entire liquid system is similar to that of the recently announced product. It is emphasized that the size of the present developed cold plate, pump and liquid cooling system is much smaller than that of all commercial products.
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Zhang, Zhilin, Ke Wang, Chen Lin und Weipeng Lin. „Secure Top-k Inner Product Retrieval“. In CIKM '18: The 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3269206.3271791.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "TOR produkty"

1

McAfee, John D., und Richard C. Sorenson. Top Products. Fiscal Years 1991-1993. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada274946.

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Seifert, Christin, und Veena Chattaraman. Too new or too complex? Why consumer's aesthetic sensitivity matters in product evaluation. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-181.

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Rosen, Karen B., Alan K. Meier und Stefan Zandelin. Energy use of set-top boxes and telephony products in the U.S. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/785229.

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Merkulova, Yuliya. Роль системы показателей в технологии оптимизации и баланса множества данных спроса и предложения. Yuliya Merkulova, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0431.26042021.

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Article is devoted to significant problems of creation of system of the indicators for stimulation of balance of supply and demand of products. It is very important for increase of competitiveness of products. The new methodology of calculation of target function of a product and indicators of its efficiency is offered in article. The special place in article is devoted to methodology of definition of an indicator of aggregate useful effect, which includes useful effect of the producer and consumer and promotes balance of their interests. All offered indicators of efficiency of a product are interconnected with each other and only in united system possess the stimulating mechanism of balance of supply and demand. They promote increase of effectiveness of process of planning and allow to find reserves for increase of competitiveness of products.
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Moores, Lee, Alan Kennedy, Lauren May, Shinita Jordan, Anthony Bednar, Stacy Jones, David Henderson, Luke Gurtowski und Kurt Gust. Identifying degradation products responsible for increased toxicity of UV-degraded insensitive munitions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42020.

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Degradation of insensitive munitions (IMs) by ultraviolet (UV) light has become a concern following observations that some UV-degradation products have increased toxicity relative to parent compounds in aquatic organisms. This investigation focused on the Army's IM formulation, IMX-101, composed of three IM constituents: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ). The IM constituents and IMX-101 were irradiated in a UV photo-reactor and then administered to Daphnia pulex in acute (48 h) exposures comparing toxicities relative to the parent materials. UV-degradation of DNAN had little effect on mortality whereas mortality for UV-degraded NTO and NQ increased by factors of 40.3 and 1240, making UV-degraded NQ the principle driver of toxicity when IMX-101 is UV-degraded. Toxicity investigations for specific products formed during UV-degradation of NQ, confirmed greater toxicity than the parent NQ for degradation products. Summation of the individual toxic units for the complete set of individually measured UV-degradation products identified for NQ only accounted for 25% of the overall toxicity measured in the exposures to the UV-degraded NQ product mixture. Given the underestimation of toxicity using the sum toxic units for the individually measured UV-degradation products of NQ, we conclude that: (1) other unidentified NQ degradation products contributed principally to toxicity and/or (2) synergistic toxicological interactions occurred among the NQ degradation product mixture that exacerbated toxicity.
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Alaska Boreal Forest Council, comps. Proceedings: hidden forest values—the first Alaska-wide nontimber forest products conference and tour. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-579.

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy und Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.
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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang und Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.
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Ploos van Amstel, Dirk, Kuijer Lenneke und Remko van der Lugt. Psychological Ownership Affordances as Routes to Influence Product Lifetime: Integrating top-down & bottom-up insights. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10243.

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10

Pires, Richard P., Joseph H. Westsik, R. Jeffrey Serne, Shas V. Mattigod, Elizabeth C. Golovich, Michelle M. Valenta und Kent E. Parker. Secondary Waste Form Screening Test Results—THOR® Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Product in a Geopolymer Matrix. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027188.

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