Dissertationen zum Thema „Tolerancia a la salinidad“
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Alemán, Guillén Fernando. „Absorción de K+ en plantas con diferente tolerancia a la salinidad“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10730.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work done in this Thesis provides some interesting conclusions:1.- Thellungiella halophila show a weight ratio root/shoot bigger than Arabidopsis thaliana, and this difference arise under salt stress, what might provide an effective mechanism of salt tolerance to T. halophila.2.- In A. thaliana, salt stress induces a bigger reduction of K+ uptake and tissue concentrations than in T. halophila, and at the same time T. halophila shows a reduced Na+ uptake and Na+ transport to the shoot. Both properties enable a higher ratio K+/Na+ in T. halophila which might be another mechanism of salt tolerance. 3.- The ThHAK5 gene isolated in this Thesis, encode a K+ transporter that mediates high affinity K+ transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae similar to the observed in intact plants of T. halophila, which suggest a key role of this transporter in the high affinity range of concentrations.4.- Although AtHAK5 and ThHA5 shows high sequence homology and similar functional properties, gene regulation is different under salt stress. Thus, salinity reduces to a lesser extent the K+-starvation ThHAK5 induction. As a consequence, high affinity K+ uptake is less affected by NaCl in T. halophila. 5.- Random mutagenesis allows the identification of important aminoacids for protein function, and with this technique two more efficient mutant versions of AtHAK5 have been isolated. The evolved AtHAK5 mutant versions are able to transport K+ at high Na+ external concentrations (0.1 mM K+ and 800 mM Na+) in yeast.
Isla, Climente Ramón. „Efecto de la salinidad sobre la cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.). Análisis de caracteres morfo-fisiológicos y su relación con la tolerancia a la salinidad“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa superficie agrícola de nuestro planeta afectada por salinidad y/o alcalinidad es de alrededor de mil millones de hectáreas (Szabvolcs, 1989) varía, según las fuentes consultadas, desde valores de 230 millones hasta casi mil millones de hectáreas (Epstein et al., 1980), estando presente en todos los continentes. Otras estimaciones (Reeve y Fireman, 1967) indicanhablan de que un tercio de la superficie mundial de bajo riego(unas 230 millones de hectáreas) se encuentran afectadas en mayor o menor grado por la salinidad. A pesar de las discrepancias en las cifras, debido a que se trata de meras estimaciones y no a al resultado de una cartografía adecuada, la dimensión del problema es importante ya que, junto a la sequía, es el factor abiótico que produce un mayor descenso en el rendimiento de los cultivos. En algunos países como Paquistán, 16 millones de hectáreas han sido salinizadas en procesos de salinización secundarios inducidos por la puesta en regadío, siendo uno de los problemas económicos más importantes del país (Ahmad, 1965).
Jáquez, Gutiérrez Marybel. „Caracterización de mutantes insercionales y somaclonales de tomate y Solanum galapagense alterados en la tolerancia a estrés abiótico y caracteres del desarrollo relacionados“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/106364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the fundamental aspects to improve a character is the knowledge of the genes that control it. One of the alternatives to find out which are those genes is to look for mutants in those characters and to identify which ones have changed with respect to the wild type. In comparison with other methodological alternatives, the use of insertional mutagenesis presents an obvious advantage since if the mutated gene is molecularly labeled, its subsequent identification is greatly facilitated. In order to identify genes related to tolerance to drought and salt stress in tomato, after developing the necessary methodologies, a part of the tomato TDNA and Solanum galapagense lines of our collection has been scrutinized. In addition to phenotypically and genetically characterizing the identified lines, we have improved the knowledge of mutants previously detected in our group by their relationship with these characters. Two new mutants have been identified and characterized with alterations in their tolerance to drought. The characterization of three mutants previously identified in our group and related to salinity tolerance has been improved. We have identified and characterized 19 affected mutants in developmental characters that could be related to tolerance to abiotic stresses. Finally, after the identification of the gene responsible for dor, a mutant with changes in its capacity for rooting and adventitious organogenesis, its functional analysis was started by obtaining and analyzing the corresponding RNAi lines.
Un dels aspectes fonamentals per millorar un caràcter és el coneixement dels gens que el controlen. Per arribar a esbrinar quins són aquests gens una de les alternatives és buscar mutants en aquests caràcters i, a partir d'ells, identificar quins són els que han variat respecte del material de partida. En comparació amb altres alternatives metodològiques l'ús de la mutagènesi insercional presenta un evident avantatge ja que si el gen alterat en un mutant queda etiquetat molecularment es facilita enormement la seva posterior identificació. Per poder identificar gens relacionats amb la tolerància a l'estrès hídric i salí en tomaca, després de la posada a punt de les metodologies necessàries, s'ha dut a terme l'escrutini d'una part de la col·lecció de línies T-DNA de tomaca i Solanum galapagense. A més de caracteritzar fenotípicament i genèticament les línies identificades, s'ha aprofundit en el coneixement de mutants prèviament detectats en el nostre grup per la seva relació amb aquests caràcters. S'han identificat i caracteritzat dos nous mutants amb alteracions en la seva tolerància a l'estrès hídric. S'ha millorat la caracterització de tres mutants identificats prèviament en el nostre grup i relacionats amb la tolerància a la salinitat. S'han identificat i caracteritzat 19 mutants afectats en caràcters del desenvolupament que podrien estar relacionats amb la tolerància als estressos abiòtics. Finalment, després de la identificació del gen responsable del mutant dor que tenia alterada la seva capacitat d'arrelament i organogènesi adventícia, s'ha iniciat la seva anàlisi funcional mitjançant l'obtenció i anàlisi de les corresponents línies RNAi.
Jáquez Gutiérrez, M. (2018). Caracterización de mutantes insercionales y somaclonales de tomate y Solanum galapagense alterados en la tolerancia a estrés abiótico y caracteres del desarrollo relacionados [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/106364
TESIS
Plasencia, Martínez Félix Antonio. „Identificación y caracterización de mutantes alterados en la tolerancia a la salinidad en especies de tomate : papel del gen SICBL10 en los mecanismos de respuesta a salinidad señalizados por Ca2+ en tomate“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/327317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleABSTRACT Salinity is considered as one of the major limiting effects on agriculture production. Keeping in mind the predictions about the rise of world population resulting in an increase in food demand, and the negative effects of climate change on the productivity of plants of agronomic interest, such tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), one current critical aim in plant biology research is to advance in the knowledge of genes and mechanisms involved in salt tolerance in plants. One of the most interesting strategies to approach this goal is the analysis of mutants. This PhD thesis is framed within the insertional mutagenesis programme carried out by the Spanish research groups from IBMCP (Valencia), UAL (Almeria) and CEBAS (Murcia), where mutant collections have been generated in domesticated tomato and in wild-related species. One of the objectives of this research work has been the identification and characterization of mutants of the tomato wild species Solanum pennellii. The identification of mutants in a species phylogenetically related with tomato that exhibits so different morphological characteristics and high levels of tolerance to abiotic stress could be the best choice to identify genes and processes determining tolerance to salinity. Regarding S. pennellii mutants, the morphological and physiological alterations observed in the sl-1 (succulent leaves-1) mutant in absence of stress are associated to a lower transpirational water loss and a better maintenance of Na+ and K+ homeostasis when confronted to salt stress. On the contrary, the salt hypersensitive shp-1 (salt hypersensitive pennellii-1) mutant suffered a higher transpirational water loss and an elevated accumulation of Na+ in leaves during the period of exposition to salt stress. The characterization of both mutants has revealed that regulation of water loss is a key mechanism in salt stress tolerance. In this research work it has also been approached the characterization of tomato mutants generated in Moneymaker commercial cultivar. At phenotypical as well as physiological level the salt hypersensitive she-1 (salt hypersensitive esculentum-1) mutant showed a similar response to the one observed in shp-1 S. pennellii mutant: a remarkable increase in Na+ accumulation in leaves. However, the susceptibility to salt of she-1 mutant seems to be related to the alteration in the levels of expression of SlHKT1 genes involved in the Na+ transport from root to shoot. Moreover, it was observed by reciprocal grafting that the root was the responsible organ for the salt sensitivity of she-1 mutant. Finally, it has been approached the characterization of a mutant that exhibits a knock-out expression of CBL10 (CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN 10) tomato gene. The cbl10 mutant is hypersensitive to salt stress in spite of the fact that Na+ accumulation in mutant plants is lower than in untransformed WT ones and it upholds higher levels of K+ in salt stress condition. These observations suggest that ability to accumulate Na+ in vacuoles is compromised in the mutant and therefore cytotoxic levels of the ion in the cytoplasm are reached earlier in cbl10 than in WT. What is more, the distribution of Na+ between young and adult leaves is altered in the mutant, since a higher transport of the ion to developing tissues occurred in cbl10. This behavior could be the cause of the apical meristem collapse detected in the mutant plant after exposition to salt stress. Another physiological alteration induced by knocking out SlCBL10 gene is the reduction of water loss via transpiration in stressful conditions. Moreover, the lower transpiration is associated with a perturbation in Ca2+ homeostasis and with changes in the gene expression profile of the vacuolar Ca2+ carrier SlCAX1, in salt stress as well as in non-stressful conditions. Grafting experiments demonstrated that the main responsible organ for the salt stress sensitivity in cbl10 mutant is the shoot, as only grafted plants using cbl10 as scion exhibited such sensitivity, which is not observed when cbl10 is used as rootstock. This result suggests that SlCBL10 could have a different function in shoot and in root, being the function in shoot the one involved in salt tolerance in tomato. Also the alteration of the Ca2+ homeostasis in the shoot of cbl10 mutant lead us to propose a role for SlCBL10 in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, being this potential function a crucial one for tolerance of tomato to salt stress.
Schleicher, Peter. „Mutagenesis insercional en tomate y Solanum pennellii: Identificación de mutantes en inserción alterados en el desarrollo y la tolerancia a la salinidad“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/81860.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl conocimiento de los genes clave que afectan al desarrollo de las plantas y su tolerancia a estreses abióticos es un aspecto muy importante, tanto desde un punto de vista básico como aplicado. El escrutinio de poblaciones de plantas mutagenizadas permite la identificación de mutantes y, a partir de ellos, conocer los genes responsables de un carácter concreto. Cuando se compara con otras alternativas metodológicas (mutágenos químicos o físicos) la mutagénesis insercional con T-DNA aporta una ventaja adicional, ya que si el gen queda etiquetado por un fragmento de ADN de secuencia conocida su identificación y clonación es más sencilla. Por otro lado, el tomate es una de las especies con mayor importancia económica a nivel mundial que, en los últimos tiempos, se ha considerado también como especie modelo para el estudio de determinados caracteres. Para lograr la identificación de genes clave en la respuesta de las plantas a los estreses de tipo abiótico y en procesos del desarrollo tanto vegetativo como reproductivo, en nuestro laboratorio se está abordando, en colaboración con los grupos del Dr. Lozano (Universidad de Almería) y de la Dra. Bolarín (CEBAS - Murcia), un proyecto de mutagénesis insercional con tomate y especies silvestres relacionadas, entre ellas Solanum pennellii. La tesis doctoral presente se enmarca en este contexto y tiene como objetivos la creación de una colección de plantas transgénicas de S. pennellii, el diseño de nuevos métodos aptos para evaluar la tolerancia al estrés salino, la identificación de caracteres relacionados con el estrés hídrico o salino y el escrutinio de algunas líneas de S. lycopersicum pre-seleccionadas por mostrar diferentes alteraciones que puedan estar relacionadas con la tolerancia a estreses de tipo abiótico. Tras abordar estos objetivos se han obtenido los siguientes resultados. Tras obtener más de dos mil líneas transgénicas diploides de Solanum pennellii se han evaluado 887 líneas con los diferentes sistemas de identificación de mutantes diseñados. Dos de los métodos de evaluación diseñados se basaron en el cultivo in vitro y uno en un sistema de cultivo in vivo a corto plazo. Además, con esta última metodología se evaluaron 68 líneas de tomate entre las que se identificó un mutante de desarrollo de elevado interés por su relación con la tolerancia a estreses abióticos. Entre las líneas de Solanum pennellii analizadas se han identificado fenotipos con distintas alteraciones. En tres de estas líneas se llevó a cabo una evaluación más avanzada llegando a identificar y clonar el gen afectado en una de ellas. Tanto los mutantes identificados como las metodologías desarrolladas son de gran valor para seguir profundizando en los procesos relacionados con la tolerancia a estreses abióticos en una especie tan importante como el tomate.
El coneixement dels gens clau que afecten al desenvolupament de les plantes i la seua tolerància a estressos abiòtics és un aspecte molt important, des d'un punt de vista bàsic com a aplicat. L'escrutini de poblacions mutagenitzades de plantes permet la identificació de mutants i a partir d'ells conèixer els gens d'un caràcter concret. Quan es compara amb altres alternatives metodològiques (mutàgens físics o químics) la mutagènesi amb T-DNA aporta un avantatge addicional, ja que al tindre el gen un fragment etiquetat pel T-DNA de seqüència coneguda la seua identificació i clonació és més senzilla. D'altra banda, la tomaca és una de las espècies de major importància econòmica a nivell mundial que, en els últims temps, s'ha considerat també una espècie model per a l'estudi de determinats caràcters. Per a aconseguir la identificació de gens clau en la resposta de les plantes a estressos abiòtics i processos de desenvolupament tant vegetatiu com reproductiu, en el nostre laboratori s'està abordant amb col·laboració amb els grups del Dr. Lozano (Universitat d'Almeria) i la Dra. Bolarín (CEBAS-Murcia), un projecte de mutagènesi insercional amb tomaca i espècies silvestres relacionades, entre elles Solanum pennellii. La tesi doctoral s'emmarca en aquest context i té com a objectius la creació d'una col·lecció de plantes transgèniques de Solanum pennellii, el disseny de nous mètodes aptes per a avaluar la tolerància a l'estrès salí, la identificació de caràcters relacionats amb l'estrès hídric i salí, l'escrutini d'algunes línies de S. lycopersicum pre-seleccionades per mostrar diferents alteracions que puguen estar relacionades amb la tolerància a estressos de tipus abiòtic. En abordar estos objectius s'han obtingut els següents resultats. Després d'obtindre més de dos mil línies transgèniques diploides de Solanum pennellii s'han avaluat 821 línies amb els diferents sistemes d'identificació de mutants dissenyats. Dos dels mètodes d'avaluació dissenyats es basaren en el cultiu in vitro i un en un sistema de cultiu in vivo a curt termini. A més, amb aquesta última metodologia s'avaluaren 68 línies de tomaca entre les quals s'identificà un mutant de desenvolupament d'elevat interès per la seua relació amb la tolerància a estressos abiòtics. Entre les línies de Solanum pennellii analitzades s'han identificat fenotipus amb diferents alteracions. En tres d'estes línies es va dura a terme una avaluació més avançada arribant a identificar el gen afectat en una de les línies. Tant els mutants identificats com les metodologies desenvolupades són de gran valor per a seguir aprofundint en els processos relacionats amb la tolerància a estressos abiòtics en una espècie tan important como la tomaca.
Schleicher, P. (2017). Mutagenesis insercional en tomate y Solanum pennellii: Identificación de mutantes en inserción alterados en el desarrollo y la tolerancia a la salinidad [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/81860
TESIS
Arteaga, Castillo Sugenith Margarita. „Cultivos para el cambio climático: selección y caracterización de variedades de judía (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) y Phaseolus lunatus tolerantes a la sequía y salinidad“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/168450.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[CA] Durant segles de cultiu a la Península Ibèrica després de la seva introducció en el segle XVI, les mongetes es van adaptar a nous entorns, evolucionant nombroses varietats locals. Es van avaluar conreessis espanyols locals de garrofó (fesol llima) i la seva resistència a la salinitat, a on es van exposar les plantes a diversos tractaments de sal, per tal d'avaluar l'efecte de la salinitat en el creixement i el rendiment de l'cultiu. Es va observar que l'estrès salí va reduir el pes fresc dels òrgans aeris, el que va permetre classificar els quatre genotips segons la seva tolerància a la salinitat. la prolina augmentar en tots els conreessis, més notablement en el cv. VPH-79, amb les concentracions absolutes més altes registrades en els conreessis més tolerants a la sal. Aquestes troballes indiquen que P. lunatus és moderadament tolerant a la sal i que els seus principals mecanismes per adaptar-se a l'estrès salí són el manteniment d'altes concentracions de K + i l'acumulació de prolina en les fulles. D'altra banda, es van analitzar en hivernacle 24 genotips locals de P. vulgaris d'Espanya durant dues temporades consecutives. De cada genotip, es van conrear cinc plantes i es van caracteritzar (17 trets quantitatius i 15 qualitatius) utilitzant els descriptors de l'IBPGR. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen una alta variabilitat per a la majoria dels trets, especialment els relacionats amb el rendiment i els seus components. A més, es van analitzar les respostes als tractaments per dèficit hídric i estrès salí, pel que fa a inhibició de l'creixement i contingut de prolina foliar (Pro), en 47 genotips de Phaseolus vulgaris de diferents orígens. Per a la majoria de les variables de creixement analitzades i Pro, els efectes de l'cultiu, el tractament i les seves interaccions van ser altament significatius (p <0.001); els trets morfològics de les arrels, el diàmetre de la tija i el nombre de fulls es van deure principalment a una variació incontrolada, mentre que la variació de l'pes fresc i el contingut d'aigua de les tiges i les fulles va ser induïda clarament per l'estrès. Sota les condicions experimentals, els efectes mitjana de l'estrès salí sobre el creixement de les plantes van ser relativament més febles que els de el dèficit hídric. . Pro, per la seva banda, va ser l'única variable que va mostrar una correlació negativa amb tots els paràmetres de creixement, però particularment amb els de tiges i fulles esmentats anteriorment, com ho indiquen els coeficients de correlació de Pearson i els PCA. Es proposa l'ús de Pro com un marcador bioquímic adequat per a exàmens simples, ràpids i a gran escala de genotips de mongeta, per excloure els més sensibles, aquells que acumulen concentracions més altes de Pro en resposta a tractaments d'estrès hídric o salí. Així mateix, s'han analitzat les respostes a la salinitat en sis conreessis de mongeta comú: quatre varietats locals d'Espanya i dues línies experimentals de Cuba. La prolina va ser usada per a classificar la tolerància dels conreessis, Les concentracions de sucres solubles totals van variar amb els tractaments i entre els genotips, però va ser difícil avaluar el seu paper en la tolerància a l'estrès de les plantes analitzades. Els canvis en el contingut de malondialdehid (MDA) no van indicar peroxidació de la membrana induïda per sal com a resultat de l'estrès oxidatiu secundari; en conseqüència, no es va detectar acumulació de compostos fenòlics totals i flavonoides, com a mecanisme de defensa antioxidant. Aquests resultats destaquen la fiabilitat de l'ús de prolina com a marcador bioquímic de l'estrès salí en jueva i la importància de l'mecanisme relacionat amb el transport de potassi a les fulles per conferir tolerància a l'estrès a alguns conreessis de mongeta.
[EN] During centuries of cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula after their introduction in the 16th century, beans adapted to new environments, evolving numerous landraces.In this study was also evaluated the resistance to salinity of several local Spanish cultivars of Phaseolus lunatus L. (lima bean). Plants were subjected to various salt treatments and growth and biochemical parameters were determined. It was observed that salt stress reduced the fresh weight of aerial organs, which allowed us to classify the four genotypes according to their tolerance to salinity. In addition, proline increased in all cultivars, most notably in cv. VPH-79, with the highest absolute concentrations recorded in the most salt tolerant cultivars. These findings indicate that P. lunatus is moderately salt tolerant and that its main mechanisms for adapting to salt stress are the maintenance of high K+ concentrations and proline accumulation in leaves. In studies conducted in this research project, 24 landraces of P. vulgaris from Spain were analyzed in greenhouses during two consecutive seasons. From each genotype, five plants were grown and characterized for 17 quantitative and 15 qualitative traits using IBPGR descriptors. . The results obtained indicate high variability for most of the traits, especially those related to yield and its components. On the other hand, this study analyzed the responses to water deficit and salt stress treatments, in terms of growth inhibition and leaf proline (Pro) content, in 47 Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes of different origins. For most of the growth variables analyzed and Pro, the effects of cultivar, treatment and their interactions were highly significant (p <0.001); root morphological traits, stem diameter and number of leaves were mainly due to uncontrolled variation, whereas variation in fresh weight and water content of stems and leaves was clearly induced by stress. Under our experimental conditions, the average effects of salt stress on plant growth were relatively weaker than those of water deficit. . Pro, in turn, was the only variable that showed a negative correlation with all growth parameters, but particularly with those of stems and leaves mentioned above, as indicated by Pearson's correlation coefficients and PCAs. We propose the use of Pro as a biochemical marker suitable for simple, rapid, large-scale screening of bean genotypes to exclude the most sensitive, those that accumulate higher concentrations of Pro in response to water or salt stress treatments. In addition, responses to salinity were analyzed in six common bean cultivars: four local varieties from Spain and two experimental lines from Cuba. Proline was used to rank the relative tolerance of the cultivars. Concentrations of total soluble sugars varied with treatments and among genotypes, but it was difficult to assess their role in stress tolerance of the plants tested.. Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content did not indicate salt-induced membrane peroxidation as a result of secondary oxidative stress; consequently, accumulation of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as an antioxidant defense mechanism, was not detected. These results highlight the reliability of the use of proline as a biochemical marker of salt stress in common beans and the importance of the mechanism related to potassium transport to leaves in conferring stress tolerance to some common bean cultivars.
Arteaga Castillo, SM. (2021). Cultivos para el cambio climático: selección y caracterización de variedades de judía (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) y Phaseolus lunatus tolerantes a la sequía y salinidad [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168450
TESIS
Sánchez, Martín-Sauceda Sibilla. „Generación de mutantes de inserción de tomate cultivado y silvestre e identificación de genes implicados en procesos de desarrollo y tolerancia a estrés abiótico“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63148.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[ES] Cuando se aborda la disección genética de un carácter complejo, lo que realmente importa es identificar los genes con efectos principales, ya que su alteración puede provocar cambios cualitativos en el fenotipo. Para este propósito, el uso de una aproximación basada en la generación de mutantes tiene dos ventajas: la identificación de un mutante revela que el gen alterado tiene un efecto clave sobre el carácter y, en segundo lugar, el fenotipo del mutante permite hacer una inferencia sobre la función del gen. La mutagénesis insercional con T-DNA aporta una ventaja adicional ya que si el gen queda etiquetado por un inserto su identificación es relativamente fácil, porque basta con amplificar a partir de una secuencia conocida del T-DNA mediante Anchor-PCR. Con el fin de identificar genes que controlan caracteres del desarrollo y tolerancia a estrés abiótico en tomate y especies silvestres relacionadas, en nuestro laboratorio se está llevando a cabo un programa de mutagénesis insercional en colaboración con los grupos del Dr. Lozano (Universidad de Almería) y la Dra. Bolarín (CEBAS-Murcia). Los objetivos de esta Tesis Doctoral se enmarcan en el contexto de este programa de mutagénesis insercional en tomate y especies relacionadas. En primer lugar, con el fin de ampliar la colección de líneas T-DNA que previamente se generó en nuestro laboratorio, se han obtenido 952 líneas T-DNA de tomate, 405 de Solanum pimpinellifolium y 550 de S. cheesmaniae. Se ha realizado el escrutinio de las progenies de 1545 líneas T-DNA de tomate, 194 líneas T-DNA de S. pimpinellifolium y 149 líneas T-DNA de S. cheesmaniae. La evaluación in vitro de estas progenies ha permitido detectar 43 mutantes alterados en caracteres del desarrollo temprano. Además, se han identificado tres mutantes de tomate y uno de S. cheesmaniae hipersensibles a estrés salino. El tercer objetivo de la Tesis ha consistido en la caracterización fenotípica y genética de los mutantes seleccionados. Por último, se ha realizado el análisis funcional del gen PMS (PROTECTING MERISTEMS AGAINST SALINITY) etiquetado en el mutante de inserción pms-916. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el gen PMS desempeña un papel esencial en la protección del meristemo apical y las hojas jóvenes de la planta de tomate en condiciones de estrés salino.
[CAT] Quan s'aborda la dissecció genètica d'un caràcter complex, el que realment importa és identificar els gens amb efectes principals, ja que la seua alteració pot provocar canvis qualitatius en el fenotip. Per a este propòsit, l'ús d'una aproximació basada en la generació de mutants té dos avantatges: la identificació d'un mutant revela que el gen alterat té un efecte clau sobre el caràcter i, en segon lloc, el fenotip del mutant permet fer una inferència sobre la funció del gen. La mutagènesi insercional amb T-DNA aporta un avantatge addicional ja que si el gen queda etiquetat per un insert la seua identificació és relativament fàcil, perquè n'hi ha prou amb amplificar a partir d'una seqüència coneguda del T-DNA per mitjà d'Anchor-PCR. Per tal d'identificar gens que controlen caràcters del desenvolupament i la tolerància a estrés de tipus abiòtic en tomaca i espècies silvestres relacionades, en el nostre laboratori s'està duent a terme un programa de mutagènesi insercional en col¿laboració amb els grups del Dr. Lozano (Universidad de Almería) i la Dra. Bolarín (CEBAS-Murcia). Els objectius d'esta Tesi Doctoral s'emmarquen en el context d'este programa de mutagènesi insercional en tomaca i espècies relacionades. En primer lloc, per tal d'ampliar la col¿lecció de línies T-DNA que prèviament es va generar en el nostre laboratori, s'han obtingut 952 línies T-DNA de tomaca, 405 de Solanum pimpinellifolium i 550 de S. cheesmaniae. S'ha realitzat l'escrutini de les progènies de 1545 línies T-DNA de tomaca, 194 línies T-DNA de S. pimpinellifolium i 149 línies T-DNA de S. cheesmaniae. L'avaluació in vitro d'estes progènies ha permés detectar 43 mutants alterats en caràcters del desenvolupament primerenc. A més, s'han identificat tres mutants de tomaca i un de S. cheesmaniae hipersensibles a estrés salí. El tercer objectiu de la Tesi ha consistit en la caracterització fenotípica i genètica dels mutants seleccionats. Finalment, s'ha realitzat l'anàlisi funcional del gen PMS (PROTECTING MERISTEMS AGAINST SALINITY) etiquetat en el mutant d'inserció pms-916. Els nostres resultats suggerixen que el gen PMS exercix un paper essencial en la protecció del meristem apical i els fulls jóvens de la planta de tomaca en condicions d'estrés salí.
Sánchez Martín-Sauceda, S. (2016). Generación de mutantes de inserción de tomate cultivado y silvestre e identificación de genes implicados en procesos de desarrollo y tolerancia a estrés abiótico [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63148
TESIS
Moyano, Solera Elena. „Sobreexpresión de genes en tomate y generación de líneas T-DNA en la especie silvestre solanum pennellii para identificar determinantes de la tolerancia al estrés hídrico y la salinidad“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129502.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe problem of salinity and water stress in worldwide agriculture is being intensified due to the increasing scarcity of water resources and low quality of the available water for agricultural purposes. Plant breeding of crop plants to promote tolerance to these stresses could alleviate, at least partially, the negative consequences in production and yield caused by these abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, tolerance to water and salt stresses is a particularly complex trait since it is made up by the interaction of numerous individual traits. Within the Lycopersicon section from Solanum genus it is included the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and 12 wild-related species, these lasts with accessions that present a high tolerance to these stresses. The phylogenetic closeness of the wild-related and the cultivated species, the latter of well-known worldwide economic importance, makes the former species the main genetic resource for breeding programmes in cultivated tomato. This research work has been fulfilled within the framework of a coordinated project managed among three groups; one from the University of Almeria, the second from the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the last from CEBAS-CSIC of Murcia. Two genomic tools, insertional mutagenesis and trapping, are being applied on tomato and diverse wild-related species to identify coding sequences or regulatory elements of genes involved in vegetative (plant architecture) and reproductive (flower and fruit) development, as well as in the plant responses to salinity and water stress. Objectives: The essential objective of this research work is to advance in the knowledge of the physiological and genetic basis of the tolerance to salinity and water stress in a species of such agronomic importance as it is tomato. Methodology: For this purpose two biotechnological tools have been used; the functional analysis of two candidate genes and the insertional mutagenesis with enhancer trap applied in a wild-related species exhibiting high levels of tolerance to both stresses. In the first case, it has been studied the response of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a gene involved in the ionic stress induced by salinity, HAL5, and of another set of transgenic plants overexpressing a gene which product is involved in the last step of myo-inositol biosynthesis, IMP1. On the other side, a genetic construction carrying a enhancer trap, has been used for plant transformation with the aim of identifying insertional mutants altered in different phenotypic traits, but especially in those related to tolerance to salt and water stresses Results: The overexpression of HAL5 augments the tolerance to salinity in the transgenic tomato assessed by fruit weight per plant, the main parameter from an agronomic point of view. Besides, it has been possible to verify that the overexpression of IMP1 increases the tolerance to long-term salinity and drought in the resulting transgenic plants. On the other hand, the first collection of T-DNA lines of the wild-related tomato species Solanum pennellii has been generated. Some mutant lines with specific expression of the reporter gene in plant organs related to the level of tolerance to both abiotic stresses have been detected. Lastly, some insertional mutants with alterations in traits related to vegetative and reproductive development as well as in tolerance to salt and water stresses have been identified. Conclusions: This research work has allowed us to know the function of two genes involved in the tolerance to abiotic stresses and their effects when overexpressed in tomato plants. Also it has been generated a large collection of T-DNA lines in diverse accessions from Solanum pennellii, the first step to accomplish a programme of insertional mutagenesis. Furthermore, the different S. pennellii mutants selected in this research work constitute an outstanding plant material for the identification and functional analysis of genes implicated in abiotic stresses as well as in vegetative and reproductive developmental processes.
Ruiz, Valdés Marta. „Identificación de caracteres fisiológicos y moleculares para la tolerancia a estreses abióticos en portainjertos de cítricos tetraploides“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73725.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[ES] La poliploidía es una característica muy común en plantas superiores y actúa como motor evolutivo promoviendo su adaptación. En cítricos, la mejora genética a nivel poliploide agiliza el desarrollo de portainjertos tetraploides (4x) y permite obtener variedades sin semilla triploides. El portainjerto es un elemento fundamental en la citricultura para proporcionar al cultivo la tolerancia a estreses bióticos y abióticos. En España, el alto contenido en caliza y sales de la mayoría de los suelos citrícolas y el virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV) limitan en el número de portainjertos adecuados para el cultivo de cítricos. El desarrollo de nuevos portainjertos tiene como objetivo reunir en un genotipo las características de interés. La hibridación sexual ha sido el método tradicionalmente empleado, aunque en cítricos plantea inconvenientes debido a su compleja biología reproductiva y a su alta heterocigosidad. La autotetraploidía, que aparece espontáneamente en los cítricos apomícticos, posibilita la selección y evaluación de las variantes 4x de cada portainjerto. El efecto de la tetraploidía es variable entre las diferentes especies de cítricos y apenas ha sido descrito. Conocer su influencia sobre la fisiología y morfología de los cítricos permitiría valorar su utilidad agronómica. La alotetraploidía, obtenida mediante fusión de protoplastos, permite hibridar especies sexualmente incompatibles y reunir los genomas completos de los parentales, acumulando sus caracteres dominantes complementarios con independencia de la heterozigosidad. El propósito de ésta tesis ha sido evaluar las variantes 4x de los portainjertos más utilizados en España, citrange Carrizo (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) (CC) y C. macrophylla (CM) para valorar su utilidad agronómica y describir sus propiedades. Además se han caracterizado dos híbridos alotetraploides obtenidos mediante fusión de protoplastos de CM y CC para valorar su posible utilización como portainjertos para la citricultura mediterránea. La tetraploidía en CC y CM modifica la composición mineral foliar de la variedad injertada y mejora la tolerancia de éstas plantas a la salinidad, mientras que la capacidad de hacer frente a la clorosis férrica no difiere entre ploidías en éstos portainjertos. El portainjerto CC4x ejerce un efecto reductor del tamaño de copa en árboles de naranjo sin modificar su eficiencia productiva ni la calidad del fruto y reduce la absorción y transporte de boro a la variedad injertada en condiciones de exceso, mejorando su tolerancia. La mayor capacidad de exclusión de sales y boro en las plantas 4x se relaciona con su menor transpiración. En CC interviene también en este comportamiento la menor conductancia hidráulica de las raíces 4x inducida por sus modificaciones anatómicas. Los híbridos alotetraploides obtenidos mediante fusión de protoplastos de CC y CM difieren en la composición de su genoma, indicando que se han producido pérdidas puntuales y reorganizaciones durante el proceso de fusión. Ambos reúnen los genomas nucleares parentales, han heredado de CC la tolerancia a las acanaladuras en la madera causadas por CTV, son similares a CM en su tolerancia a la clorosis férrica y manifiestan mayor tolerancia a la salinidad que CC. Por ello, reúnen características de gran interés para la citricultura mediterránea. La evaluación y selección de portainjertos 4x permitiría obtener árboles más pequeños y más tolerantes a ciertos estreses que mantengan el comportamiento general ya conocido de los diploides originales. La reducción del tamaño de copa contribuiría a mejorar el rendimiento productivo y a facilitar el manejo de las plantaciones citrícolas. El conocimiento generado sobre los efectos de la tetraploidización y de la hibridación somática en la anatomía, fisiología, comportamiento agronómico y genética de los portainjertos de cítricos ser
[CAT] La poliploïdia és molt comuna en plantes superiors i es un dels principals motors evolutius per promoure canvis que afavoreixen la adaptació. En cítrics, la millora genètica a nivell poliploide ha contribuït agilitzant el desenvolupament de nous portaempelts tetraploides (4x) i de varietats sense llavors triploides. En Espanya, el virus de la tristesa dels cítrics (CTV) i l'alt contingut salí i calcari de la majoria dels sols limiten el numere de portaempelts adequats per al cultiu. La millora de portaempelts de cítrics té l'objectiu de reunir el major numere de característiques d'interés en un únic cultivar. La millora genètica tradicional de cítrics, duta a terme mitjançant hibridació sexual, planteja inconvenients deguts a la seua complexa biologia reproductiva i a l'alta heterocigositat. Per aixó s'han iniciat programes de millora de portaempelts a nivell 4x, amb l'objectiu d'agilitzar el seu desenvolupament. La autotetraploïdia, que apareix de manera espontània en especies apomíctiques de cítrics, permet seleccionar les variants 4x dels portaempelts, com un mètode de millora relativament senzill. L'efecte de la tetraploïdia és variable entre les espècies de cítrics i la seua incidència a penes havia sigut descrita. Conéixer la seua repercussió en la tolerància a estressos i el vigor de l'arbre permetria avaluar la utilitat de les versions 4x de cada portaempelt. D'altra banda, l'al¿lotetraploïdia, obtinguda mitjançant la fusió de protoplastos, possibilita l'obtenció d'híbrids d'espècies sexualment incompatibles i reunir en una sola hibridació els genomes complets de les parentals d'interés, permetent l'addició de caràcters dominants complementaris amb independència de l'heterozigositat dels parentals. La finalitat d'esta tesi ha sigut avaluar les propietats d'interés agronòmic de les variants 4x dels portaempelts més utilitzats en la citricultura española, citrange Carrizo (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) (CC) i C. macrophylla (CM), per valorar la seua utilitat i descriure els determinants de les diferències trobades. A més a més, s'ha pretés realitzar una caracterització molecular i fisiològica de dos híbrids al¿lotetraploides obtinguts de la fusió de protoplastos de CM i CC, com un pas previ per a la seua possible utilització com a portaempelts. El portaempelt CC4x exerceix un efecte reductor de la grandària de copa en arbres de taronger sense modificar l'eficiència productiva ni la qualitat del fruit. Este caràcter milloraría el rendiment productiu i a facilitaría el maneig de les plantacions citricoles. En els dos portaempelts estudiats, la tetraploïdia modifica la composició mineral foliar de la varietat empeltada i proporciona major tolerancia a la salinitat. En CC, la tetraploïdia redueix l'absorció del boro en excés, metre que esta propietat no s'ha observat en CM4x. La menor absorció del boro i l'exclusió del clorur es troben associades a la menor transpiració, a la reduïda conductivitat hidràulica i a les característiques anatòmiques de les arrels 4x. No obstant això, la tolerancia a la clorosi fèrrica no difereix entre ploidíes en estos portaempelts. La selecció de portaempelts 4x permetria obtenir arbres més menuts i més tolerants a certs estressos que mantenen el comportament ja conegut, de la variant diploide. Per la seua banda, els híbrids somàtics difereixen en la composició del genoma, indicant que s'han produït reorganitzacions i pèrdues puntuals durant el procés de fusió. Els dos han heretat de CC la tolerància a les estries en la fusta provocades per CTV, son tolerants a la clorosi fèrrica com CM i toleren la salinitat millor que CC. Per tot, reuneixen un conjunt de característiques de gran interés potencial per a la citricultura mediterrània. El coneixement generat en esta tesi serà de gran utilitat en els programes de millora basades en necessitats actuals i futures.
Ruiz Valdés, M. (2016). Identificación de caracteres fisiológicos y moleculares para la tolerancia a estreses abióticos en portainjertos de cítricos tetraploides [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/73725
TESIS
Amoros, Seller Bartolome. „RCY1: proteína nuclear relacionada con el estrés salino“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/2501.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmoros Seller, B. (2008). RCY1: proteína nuclear relacionada con el estrés salino [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2501
Palancia
Rizo-Patrón, de Lerner Rosemary. „Tolerancia: Interpretando la experiencia de la tolerancia, vol. 2“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119552.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerreira, Alex Rodrigues. „Adaptabilidade, estabilidade e tolerância de acessos de meloeiro à salinidade“. Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/605.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of melon accessions to salinity. Thirteen accessions and three commercial hybrids in four saline conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications and the plot of a row of eight plants spaced 2.0 x 0.4 m. The environments are differentiated as the electrical conductivity of irrigation water, and set four salt levels (S1: 0.91 dS m-1, S2: 2.14 dS m -1, S3: 2.90 dS m-1, and S4: 3.92 dS m-1). The variables analyzed were: average fruit weight, number of fruits, productivity, pulp thickness, firmness of soluble solids and pulp. We utilized the GGE Biplot methodology for identifying adaptability and stability genotypes. We used the production efficiency index to identify tolerant genotypes salinity. Accessions A-29, A-50, A-13, A-14, A-39, Najd I and A-7 are tolerant to salinity and have features such as prolificacy, pulp thickness and firmness pulp for use in breeding programs or as rootstock for cultivation in high salinity conditions
O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de acessos de melão a salinidade. Foram avaliados 13 acessos e três híbridos comerciais em quatro condições salinas em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições sendo a parcela constituída por uma linha de oito plantas no espaçamento 2,0 x 0,4 m. Os ambientes se diferenciaram quanto à condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação, sendo definidos quatro níveis salinos (S1 = 0,91 dS m-1, 2,14 dS m -1, 2,90 dS m-1 e 3,92 dS m-1). As variáveis analisadas foram: peso médio do fruto, número de frutos, produtividade, espessura da polpa, firmeza da polpa e sólidos solúveis. Utilizou-se a metodologia GGE Biplot para identificar os genótipos adaptados e estáveis. Também se utilizou o índice de eficiência de produção para classificar os acessos quanto à tolerância à salinidade. Os acessos/cultivares A-29, A-50, A-13, A-14, A-39, Najd I e A-7 são tolerantes à salinidade e possuem características como prolificidade, espessura da polpa e firmeza da polpa para serem utilizados em programas de melhoramento genético ou como porta-enxertos para cultivo em condições de salinidade elevada
2016-11-17
Haour, Bernardo, Soria José Ignacio López und Fidel Tubino. „Rosemary Rizo-Patrón (ed.): Tolerancia. Interpretando la experiencia de la tolerancia“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113268.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePACHECO, Cinthya Mirella. „Análise proteômica da resposta à salinidade em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)“. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18511.
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A salinidade dos solos é um fator limitante para o desenvolvimento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, porém as plantas em geral apresentam mecanismos de tolerância variável ao estresse por salinidade. Nestes, pode haver alterações na expressão gênica que se tornam importantes objetos de estudo, que pode ser realizado através de análise proteômica. Assim,o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar peptídeos diferencialmente expressos em plantas de cana-de-açúcar submetidas ao estresse salino. Para tal, foi conduzido experimento em casa de vegetação com quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB867515, RB92579, RB72454 e RB855536) e duas condições salinas, 0 mM (controle) e 200 mM de NaCl. As coletas foram realizadas após 2 e 72 h da indução ao estresse por sal, tanto para as análises fisiológicas quanto para a análise proteômica. Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram: vazamento foliar de eletrólitos, potencial hídrico foliar, teor relativo de água, transpiração, fotossíntese e condutância estomática. Para a análise proteômica,as proteínas totais da folha +1 e raízes foram extraídas, quantificadas e analisadas por eletroforese bidimensional. A análise das imagens dos géis foi realizada em programa computacional onde em cada contraste apenas uma variável foi considerada (condição salina ou variedade). Spots diferenciais foram excisados, digeridos com tripsina e somente os de raiz foram identificados via espectrometria de massas. De acordo com os parâmetros fisiológicos, foram selecionadas as variedades RB855536 como a mais sensível à salinidade e a RB867515 como a mais tolerante. Foram observados peptídeos diferencialmente expressos distribuídos nos contrastes em ambas as variáveis (condição salina ou variedade) e órgãos estudados, categorizados por processo biológico e função molecular através de sua ontologia gênica.A variedade tolerante (RB867515) mostrou maior acúmulo de proteínas envolvidas com crescimento, desenvolvimento, metabolismo de carboidratos e energético após 2 h de estresse,indicando que nessas plantas a detecção do fator de estresse parece ativar sinalização para continuar o crescimento radicular, evitando regiões com excesso de íons tóxicos. Por outro lado, foi verificada na variedade sensível a presença dessas proteínas apenas no tratamento após 72 h. Em adição, proteínas envolvidas na metabolização de radicais livres, proteção de proteínas e estabilização de membranas tiveram sua expressão induzida na fase inicial de exposição ao estresse na variedade tolerante, enquanto que na sensível essas proteínas só foram expressas no tratamento após 72 h. Tais resultados sugerem que essas vias de resposta ao estresse são mais eficientes para conferir maior tolerância à salinidade em cana-de-açúcar, e que sua efetividade para a tolerância fenotípica depende da detecção do estresse e ativação precoce da expressão dos genes codificantes.
Soil salinity is a limiting factor to sugarcanecrop development in Brazil, although in general plants present variable mechanisms of tolerance to salinity stress. In these, gene expression changes become important study focus, that can be performed through proteomic analysis. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify differentially expressed peptides in sugarcane plants submitted to salinity stress. For that, a greenhouse experiment was established with four sugarcane varieties (RB867515, RB92579, RB72454 and RB855536) and two salt conditions, 0mM (control) and 200 mM NaCl. Harvests occurred after 2 and 72 h of stress induction by salt, for physiological analyses as well as for proteomics.The evaluated physiological parameters were: leaf electrolytes leakage, leaf water potential, relative water content, transpiration, photosynthesisand stomatal conductance. In proteomic analysis, total proteins from leaf and roots were extracted, quantified and analysed through bidimensional electrophoresis. Gel images analyses were done computational program,where in each contrast only one variable was considered (salinity conditionor variety). Differential spotswere excised, digested by trypsin and only the root-derived were identified via mass spectrometry.According to the physiological parameters, were selected the varieties RB855536 as the most sensitive to salinity, and the RB867515 as the most tolerant. Differentially expressed peptides were observed distributed in the contrasts in both variables (salinity condition or variety) and sampled organs, organised in gene ontology categories by biologicalprocess and molecular function. Tolerant variety (RB867515) showed the highest accumulation of proteins involved in growth, development, carbohydrate and energy metabolism after 2 h of stress, indicating that in such plants the detection of stressing factor seems to activate signaling pathways towards keeping root growth, avoiding regions with toxic ions excess. On the other hand, the presence of these proteins in the sensitive variety was verified only in treatment after 72 h.In addition, proteins involved in free radicals metabolization, protein protection and membrane stabilization had their expression induced in the initial phase of stress exposure in tolerant variety, while in sensitive one these proteins were expressed only in treatment after 72h. Such results suggest that these stress response pathways are more efficient to confer higher tolerance to salinity in sugarcane, and their effectiveness for phenotypical tolerance depends on stress detection and early activation of the coding genes expression.
Costa, Flamarion Laba da. „Trabalho, solidariedade e tolerancia“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24647.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoutinho, Mileide Santos. „Influ?ncia da salinidade no crescimento de Physalis peruviana L“. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/584.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The cultivation of potential fruit species in the semiarid region, using a hydroponic system, arises in an attempt to diversify and boost the economy, especially small and medium producers in this region. However, studies are needed to evaluate the growth, productivity and adaptation of these species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional profile of Physalis peruviana in a hydroponic floating system, considering different levels of salinity of the water artificially produced with NaCl. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment (greenhouse), where a randomized block design (RBD) was used, with four blocks, being tested five concentrations of salinity: 0; 20; 30; 40 and 60 mM NaCl. At each interval of 10 days, the following measurements were obtained: stem and root lengths, total leaf area and neck diameter and dry matter masses of plants. After 48 days of treatment, in addition to the growth analyzes, the nutrient contents of the leaves were quantified. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and analyzed by means test and regression curves. Leaf nutrient contents were only descriptive. Within the expected, the salinity of the medium restricted the growth of plants of fis?lis. The variables total dry mass (TDM), absolute growth rate (AGR) and number of leaves (NL) were those that suffered the greatest reductions with the increase of the salinity of the medium. In relation to the leaf nutrient profile, it was observed that the higher the Na + and Cl- concentration in the leaves, the lower the K +, Ca2 + and Mg2+ concentrations. According to the data of total dry mass, it was possible to determine the P. peruviana salinity tolerance index (STI), which presented mean values> 70% in most of the experimental period at concentrations of 20 and 30 mM, demonstrating that P. peruviana species is moderately tolerant to salinity. In addition, it was considered in this work that high NaCl levels led to a nutritional imbalance, where sodium ion was the main cause of interferences during growth.
O cultivo de esp?cies frut?feras potenciais na regi?o semi?rida, utilizando sistema hidrop?nico surge na tentativa de diversificar e impulsionar a economia, principalmente de pequenos e m?dios produtores desta regi?o. No entanto s?o necess?rios estudos que avaliem o crescimento, produtividade e adapta??o destas esp?cies. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e o perfil nutricional da Physalis peruviana em sistema hidrop?nico do tipo floating, considerando diferentes n?veis de salinidade da ?gua produzidos artificialmente com NaCl. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido (estufa), onde foi empregado o delineamento em blocos casualisados (DBC), com 4 blocos, sendo testadas cinco concentra??es de salinidade: 0; 20; 30; 40 e 60 mM de NaCl. A cada intervalo de 10 dias foram obtidas as seguintes medidas: comprimentos do caule e da raiz, ?rea foliar total e di?metro do colo e as massas de mat?ria seca das plantas. Ap?s 48 dias de tratamento al?m das an?lises de crescimento foram quantificados os conte?dos de nutrientes minerais das folhas. Os dados foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia e analisados mediante teste de m?dias e por curvas de regress?o. Os teores dos nutrientes foliares foram apenas descritivos. Dentro do esperado, a salinidade do meio restringiu o crescimento de plantas de fis?lis. As var?veis massa seca total (MST), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) e n?mero de folhas (NF) foram aquelas que sofreram as maiores redu??es com o incremento da salinidade do meio. Em rela??o ao perfil de nutrientes foliares, constatou-se que quanto maior a concentra??o de Na+ e Cl- nas folhas, menores as de K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+. De acordo com os dados de massa seca total foi poss?vel determinar o ?ndice de toler?ncia ? salinidade (ITS) de P. peruviana, que apresentou valores m?dios >70% na maior parte do per?odo experimental nas concentra??es de 20 e 30 mM, demonstrando que a esp?cie P. peruviana ? moderadamente tolerante a salinidade. Al?m disso, considerou-se neste trabalho que altos n?veis de NaCl levaram a um desbalan?o nutricional nas plantas, onde o ?on s?dio foi o principal causador das interfer?ncias durante o crescimento.
Sabater, Baudet Lidia. „Mecanismos moleculares de la tolerancia central“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe diversity of the T cell receptor repertoire is generated by random recombination of genomic segments and so some cells bear autoreactive receptors. The T cell repertoire tolerance against self-molecules is accomplished first by thymic selection. The promiscuous expression consists in the intrathymic expression of peripheric autoantigens that are characteristics of other tissues. Thymic medullar cells are the main cell type that can express these autoantigens. AIRE gene is a transcription factor that is expressed mainly in the medullar epithelial cells and that is the most important regulator of this promiscuous expression of the thymus. This gene codes for a zinc finger protein that exerts its function modulating the level of transcription of the promiscuously expressed genes, although the mechanism of action is not precisely described. Another level of gene expression regulation is the post-transcription level where the lability of the transcripts plays an important role in the control. The AU motifs are elements of transcript lability localised in the 3'UTR of the genes and they are sign of high turnover and short half live of the messenger RNA. Genes containing AREs are of potential
biological and pharmacological interest, as they often code for inflammatory mediators, cytokines, proto-oncoproteins, and transcription factors.
The objectives of the thesis are:
The design of a method to identify genes with AU motifs in the thymus with differential expression in activation.
To characterise a gene identified by the method described in the objective number 1, ZNF304, sequence and initial analysis in lymphocyte activation.
To analyse the promiscuous expression of the insulin gene in the human thymus and the role of the VNTR polymorphisms of the promoter region as susceptibility locus established.
To analyse the AIRE gene expression and to relate it to the insulin gene expression as an example of autoantigen that is modulated by AIRE and to investigate the influence of AIRE and the insulin polymorphism in the final amount of message.
We designed a method that we called AU-DD useful to identify AU containing genes and to assay the differential expression of them under different stimulations.
We cloned and sequenced the ZNF304 gene, a zinc finger containing gene and KRAB box. The KRAB box is involved in the repression of the transcription. The gene is expressed mainly in lymphoid tissues and the initial characterisation in the expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells activation results in biphasic activation and a rapid response at 30 minutes post-induction and another peak at the 6 hours that was coincident with the peak of the cytokines studied.
We detect insulin mRNA in all the thymic samples analysed. We typed the samples for the VNTR polymorphism that is in linkage desequilibrium with the PstI polymorphism that is easy to analyse by RFLP analysis of the 3' UTR of the insulin gene. Class III VNTR alleles that confer a dominant protection, produces more insulin that class I predisposing allele. Insulin levels in the thymus show interindividual variable expression that correlate with the level expression of AIRE gene in the samples analysed.
Freitas, ValdinÃia Soares. „Aspectos fisiolÃgicos e bioquÃmicos relacionados com a tolerÃncia à salinidade em algodÃo, feijÃo-de-corda e sorgo“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7891.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos e bioquÃmicos em trÃs espÃcies vegetais com graus diferenciados de tolerÃncia ao estresse salino, a fim de melhor entender suas diferenÃas na tolerÃncia à salinidade. Para isto, sementes de algodÃo, feijÃo-de-corda e sorgo foram semeadas em copos plÃsticos contendo vermiculita umedecida com soluÃÃo nutritiva de Hoagland  forÃa (SNH Â), sendo o experimento conduzido em casa de vegetaÃÃo. PlÃntulas de cinco dias de idade foram transferidas para meio hidropÃnico (SNH Â), onde permaneceram por um perÃodo de seis dias para aclimataÃÃo. ApÃs esse perÃodo, as plantas foram submetidas a trÃs tratamentos salinos com valores de condutividade elÃtrica (CE) de 0,9 dS m-1 (baixa salinidade), 4,0 dS m-1 (mÃdia salinidade) e 8,0 dS m-1 (alta salinidade). A coleta foi realizada aos 25 dias apÃs o inÃcio do estresse. A salinidade reduziu significativamente a Ãrea foliar e a massa seca da parte aÃrea das trÃs espÃcies estudadas, especialmente as das plantas de feijÃo-de-corda e em menor proporÃÃo as do algodÃo. O potencial osmÃtico de folhas e raÃzes das trÃs espÃcies foram significativamente reduzidos nos tratamentos a 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1 em comparaÃÃo com o de 0,9 dS m-1, exceto nas raÃzes de sorgo. Jà o teor relativo de Ãgua foliar nÃo apresentou alteraÃÃes com o aumento da CE do meio de crescimento. Os Ãons Na+ e Cl- aumentaram nas folhas e raÃzes das trÃs espÃcies, sendo que o algodÃo foi a espÃcie que mais reteve esses Ãons nos tratamentos a 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1. As concentraÃÃes de K+ nas folhas de algodÃo e feijÃo-de-corda foram aumentadas pelos nÃveis crescentes de salinidade, enquanto nas plantas de sorgo foram diminuÃdas. Jà nas raÃzes as concentraÃÃes desse Ãon foram significativamente reduzidas nas trÃs espÃcies. De maneira geral, nos tratamentos de mÃdia e alta salinidade comparados com o de baixa salinidade, as concentraÃÃes de NO3- foram reduzidas em folhas e raÃzes das trÃs espÃcies. Os tratamentos a mÃdia e alta salinidade reduziram as concentraÃÃes de carboidratos solÃveis no algodÃo, enquanto aumentaram no feijÃo-de-corda e no sorgo. A concentraÃÃo de proteÃna solÃvel nÃo se alterou no feijÃo-de-corda em funÃÃo da salinidade, enquanto foi reduzida nas outras duas espÃcies. Os N-aminossÃluveis foram aumentados nas trÃs espÃcies, enquanto para a prolina, esses aumentos sà foram observados a 8,0 dS m-1. De modo geral, os parÃmetros de emissÃo de fluorescÃncia da clorofila a e a leitura SPAD nÃo foram alterados pela salinidade. Os nÃveis de peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica foram significativamente aumentados nos tratamentos de mÃdia e alta salinidade no feijÃo-de-corda, nÃo sofreram alteraÃÃo no sorgo, enquanto foram reduzidos no algodÃo, quando comparados com o de baixa salinidade. A atividade das enzimas dismutase do superÃxido (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases do ascorbato (APX) e do guaiacol (GPX) em folhas, nÃo foi alterada pelos tratamentos salinos a 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1, com exceÃÃo de reduÃÃes nas atividades da SOD e GPX no algodÃo e da CAT no feijÃo-corda e, aumentos para a GPX no sorgo. Nas raÃzes, foram observados aumentos para a SOD no algodÃo e aumentos para a GPX no sorgo e feijÃo-de-corda, enquanto houve reduÃÃes da APX e GPX para o algodÃo. Os dados de crescimento aqui apresentados confirmam a maior tolerÃncia do algodÃo e a maior sensibilidade do feijÃo-de-corda ao estresse salino, enquanto que as alteraÃÃes na peroxidaÃÃo dos lipÃdios e nas enzimas antioxidativas nos levam a sugerir que o sistema enzimÃtico antioxidativo do algodÃo parece ser mais eficiente do que o das outras duas espÃcies estudadas, na eliminaÃÃo dos danos oxidativos ocasionados pela salinidade. à possÃvel, tambÃm, que a maior capacidade do algodÃo de acumular Ãons tÃxicos (Na+ e Cl-) nos tecidos fotossintetizantes contribua, pelo menos em parte, para sua maior tolerÃncia à salinidade.
The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and biochemical parameters in three plant species with different degrees of salt tolerance in order to better understand their differences in salinity tolerance. For this, cotton seed, bean-to-string and sorghum were sown in plastic cups containing vermiculite moistened with  Hoagland solution strength ( SNH), the experiment being conducted in a greenhouse. Seedlings of five days of age were transferred to hydroponic medium (SNH Â), where they remained for a period of six days for acclimatization. After this period, the plants were subjected to three saline treatments with values of electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.9 dS m-1 (low salinity), 4.0 dS m -1 (mean salinity) and 8.0 dS m 1 (high salt). Data were collected at 25 days after the onset of stress. Salinity significantly reduced leaf area and shoot dry mass of all species, especially, bean-to-string and to a lesser extent those of cotton. The osmotic potential of leaves and roots of the three species were significantly reduced in the treatments at 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1 compared to 0.9 dS m-1 except the root sorghum. Since the leaf relative water content did not change with the increase in the EC medium. The Na + and Cl-increased in leaves and roots of three species, and cotton was the species that most of these ions retained in treatments 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1. The concentrations of K + in leaves of cotton and bean-to-string were increased by increasing salinity levels, while in sorghum plants were decreased. Since the roots of this ion concentrations were significantly reduced in all three species. In general, the treatment of medium and high salinity compared with the low salinity, the concentrations of NO3-were reduced in leaves and roots of three species. Treatments at medium and high salinity reduced concentrations of soluble carbohydrates in cotton, while increased in the-string-beans and sorghum. The soluble protein concentration did not change the jack bean-string a function of salinity was reduced while the other two species. The N-aminossÃluveis were increased in all three species while for proline, the increases were only observed at 8.0 dS m-1. In general, the parameters of emission of fluorescence of chlorophyll SPAD readings were not affected by the salinity. Levels were significantly increased lipid peroxidation in the treatment of medium and high salinity of the bean-string, the sorghum did not change while the cotton were reduced compared with that of low salinity. The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol (GPX) in leaves was not affected by saline treatments at 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1, except for reductions in the activities of SOD and GPX in cotton and string beans in CAT and GPX to increases in sorghum. In roots, increases were observed for SOD in cotton and increases for sorghum and beans in GPX-of-string while there were reductions of APX and GPX for cotton. The growth data presented here confirm the increased tolerance of cotton and the higher sensitivity of the jack bean-string to salt stress, whereas changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes lead us to suggest that the antioxidant enzyme system appears to be cotton more efficient than the other two species, the removal of oxidative damage caused by salinity. It is also possible that the greater ability of cotton to accumulate toxic ions (Na + and Cl-) in photosynthetic tissues contributes at least in part to its greater tolerance to salinity.
Landa, Arroyo César. „La tolerancia política en el quehacer parlamentario“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1994. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/97498.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelleeditorial, Comité. „Solidaridad y tolerancia: Entrevista a Gustavo Gutiérrez“. Anthropía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/77948.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYousfi, Salima. „Salinidad y trigo duro: Firmas isotópicas, actividad enzimática y expresión génica“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83604.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInadequate irrigation for long term and under conditions of high evapotranspiration demand, combined with the use of poor water quality and the lack of adequate drainage frequently induces the salinization of arable land causing a significant increase in the area affected by salinity. Salinity is an environmental factor that limits in a remarkable manner the production of crops in many parts of the world, but especially in arid and semiarid regions like the Mediterranean. Under these conditions, which is often grown durum wheat improvement for tolerance to salinity under irrigation deficit may be one of the strategies to alleviate this problem. This Thesis shows that isotope compositions of carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O), and nitrogen (δ15N) and the concentration of nitrogen in dry matter are potentially and effective criteria for discriminating between different growing conditions and between genotypes tolerant or susceptible to salt. Furthermore, the results of this study reflect the importance of nitrogen metabolism in tolerance to salinity. Additionally, this thesis develops a model relating genotypic tolerance to different conditions of salinity and drought with the signatures of the three isotopes (C, O, N), together with photosynthetic and transpiration exchanges and parameters key of nitrogen metabolism such as nitrogen concentration and activities of the glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase. Finally, we study the relationship between the expression of genes potentially key in the tolerance to salinity and drought and genotypic variability in response to different combinations of these stresses.
Garrote-Moreno, Aurora. „Respuestas iónicas y fisiológicas ante cambios de salinidad en angiospermas marinas“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/67454.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilva, Antonio Carlos da. „Estudo genetico da tolerancia imunologica por seleção biderecional“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Duas linhagens de camundongos estão em processo de seleção para susceptibilidade (linhagem ST) e resistência (linhagem RT) à tolerância oral. Os acasalamentos seletivos se iniciaram de uma população Fo, geneticamente heterogênea, originada do intercruzamento de oito linhagens isogênicas escolhidas por suas origens distintas: A, 'DBA IND.2¿, P, SWR, SJL, CBA, Balb/c e C57 ¿Bl IND. 6¿. Sete dias após administração intragástrica de 5 mg/0,2 ml de proteína solúvel, camundongos de 2 a 3 meses de idades foram imunizados intraperitonealmente (ip) com 100 'mu¿g /0,2 ml dos antígenos correspondentes. Os títulos individuais de anticorpo, expressos como 'log BASE 2¿ da mais alta diluição do soro dando uma reação positiva, foram medidos pelo teste de hemaglutinação passiva 14 e 28 dias após a imunização ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Two lines of mice are in the process of selection for susceptibility (TS line) and resistence (TR line) to oral tolerance. The selective breeding was started from a highly genetically heteroenous Fo population consisting of the balanced intercrossing of eight inbred lines chosen for this distinct origin: A, 'DBA IND. 2¿, P, SWR, SJL, CBA, Balb/c e C57¿BL IND. 6¿. Seven days after intragastric administration of 5 mg/0,2 ml solute protein, 2-3 months old mice were imunized intraperitoneally (ip) with 100 'mu¿g/0,2 ml of the corresponding antigen ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
Campos, Silvana Gisele Pegorin de. „Tolerancia a choque frio em Triatoma infestans klug“. [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317823.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Jeukens, Alex. „Tolerancia a falhas em sistemas de agentes moveis“. [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276379.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: Agente móvel é um processo que se desloca autonomamente através da rede, executando operações locais à máquina hospedeira. Agentes constituem uma solução alternativa ao paradigma cliente-servidor. A autonomia do agente móvel, entretanto, faz necessária a revisão dos conceitos de tolerância a falhas a fim de garantir confiabilidade em sua operação, evitando que a parada do agente resulte em inconsistências no sistema. Este trabalho apresenta um protocolo para tolerar falhas do tipo falha-e-pára e de comunicação
Abstract: Mobile agent is a process capable of roaming autonomously through the network, executing operation locally to a host. Agents can be employed to perform some traditional tasks. In order to enforce dependability in this new paradigm we present a protocol to coordinate a replicated agent system capable of tolerating failstop and communication faults
Mestrado
Ciência da Computação
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
Aquino, Alexandre Josà Silva de. „AvaliaÃÃo do crescimento e de mecanismos de tolerÃncia à salinidade em plantas de sorgo forrageiro irrigados com Ãguas salinas“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2277.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeste trabalho foi avaliada tolerÃncia de dois genÃtipos de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench), considerados sensÃvel (CSF 18) tolerante (CSF 20) ao estresse salino. Sementes selecionadas foram germinadas em vasos contendo 12 kg de solo arenoso em condiÃÃes casa de vegetaÃÃo. Dez dias apÃs a semeadura as plantas passaram a ser irrigadas com Ãgua de diferentes concentraÃÃes de sais. Para o preparo das soluÃÃes salinas, foram utilizados os sais de NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O e MgCl2.6H2O dissolvidos em Ãgua destilada, na proporÃÃo de 7:2:1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, composto por dois genÃtipos, cinco tratamentos em doses crescentes de Ãgua salina (0.5, 2.0 , 4.0, 6.0 e 8.0 dS.m-1) e cinco repetiÃÃes. Durante a fase de crescimento vegetativo foram realizadas mediÃÃes de fotossÃntese e trocas gasosas nas plantas. A coleta das plantas teve inÃcio quarenta e quatro disa apÃs o inÃcio dos tratamentos. Foram realizadas mediÃÃes de caracterÃsticas morfolÃgicas, massas seca e fresca das partes aÃreas das plantas (limbos, bainhas e colmos) e potencial hÃdrico. As raÃzes foram coletadas, juntamente com amostras de solo em trÃs profundidades (0.10, 0.20 e 0.30 m). Foram determinados os teores de Ãons das partes aÃreas e das amostras de solo. O genÃtipo CSF 20 apresentou maiores valores de nÃmero de entrenÃs, altura da planta, diÃmetro do colmo. As reduÃÃes dos padrÃes de crescimento foram maiores para o genÃtipo CSF 18, quando as plantas foram expostas aos maiores nÃveis de salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo. A relaÃÃo entre os teores de K+ nos colmos e nos limbos foliares foram bem menores no genÃtipo CSF 20, sugerindo que esse genÃtipo apresenta maior capacidade de distribuiÃÃo de K+ para as folhas. Os maiores valores na relaÃÃo Na+/K+ foram observados no genÃtipo CSF 18 em funÃÃo de sua menor capacidade de acumular K+ nas folhas. O genÃtipo CSF 20 acumulou maior quantidade de carboidratos solÃveis nas folhas. Os resultado mostraram que o genÃtipo CSF 18 mostrou-se sensÃvel à salinidade, enquanto que o genÃtipo CSF 20 mostrou-se tolerante à salinidade.
This work studied the tolerance of two genotypes of forrage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench), one salt sensitive (CSF 18) and another salt tolerant (CSF 20). Selected seeds were germinated in vases containing 12 Kg of sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. Ten days after seeding, plants were irrigated with different salt concentration water. For prepairing saline solutions, NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O e MgCl2.6H2O salts were used solved in destyled water, on proportion 7:2:1. the randomized completely design was used, and the treatments were outlined according to a 2 x 5 factorial arrangment, composed with two genotypes and five tratments of increasing salinity (0.5, 2.0 , 4.0, 6.0 e 8.0 dS.m-1), with five replicates. During vegetative growth measures of photosyntesis and gas exchanges were made. Fourty four days after germination, plants were harvested. The contents measured were morpholocial characteristics, shoot fresh and dry matter production (leaves, blades and colms) and water potential. Roots were colected with soil samples in three deaphts (10, 20 e 30 cm). Solute contents of shoot and soil samples were determinated. The genotype CSF 20 showed higher values of internode number, plant height and colm diameter. The reductions of growth were higher for CSF 18 genotype, when plants were exposed to the higher salt levels irrigation water. The relation of K+ in colms and leaves were lower in genotype CSF 20, sugesting that this genotype shows a higher capacity of distribution of K+ in leaves. The genotype CSF 20 showed higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in leaves. Results showed that CSf 18 genotype was most sensible to water salinity and CSF 20 was most tolerant to water salinity.
Aquino, Alexandre José Silva de. „Avaliação do crescimento e de mecanismos de tolerância à salinidade em plantas de sorgo forrageiro irrigados com águas salinas“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17364.
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This work studied the tolerance of two genotypes of forrage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench), one salt sensitive (CSF 18) and another salt tolerant (CSF 20). Selected seeds were germinated in vases containing 12 Kg of sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. Ten days after seeding, plants were irrigated with different salt concentration water. For prepairing saline solutions, NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O e MgCl2.6H2O salts were used solved in destyled water, on proportion 7:2:1. the randomized completely design was used, and the treatments were outlined according to a 2 x 5 factorial arrangment, composed with two genotypes and five tratments of increasing salinity (0.5, 2.0 , 4.0, 6.0 e 8.0 dS.m-1), with five replicates. During vegetative growth measures of photosyntesis and gas exchanges were made. Fourty four days after germination, plants were harvested. The contents measured were morpholocial characteristics, shoot fresh and dry matter production (leaves, blades and colms) and water potential. Roots were colected with soil samples in three deaphts (10, 20 e 30 cm). Solute contents of shoot and soil samples were determinated. The genotype CSF 20 showed higher values of internode number, plant height and colm diameter. The reductions of growth were higher for CSF 18 genotype, when plants were exposed to the higher salt levels irrigation water. The relation of K+ in colms and leaves were lower in genotype CSF 20, sugesting that this genotype shows a higher capacity of distribution of K+ in leaves. The genotype CSF 20 showed higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in leaves. Results showed that CSf 18 genotype was most sensible to water salinity and CSF 20 was most tolerant to water salinity.
Neste trabalho foi avaliada tolerância de dois genótipos de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench), considerados sensível (CSF 18) tolerante (CSF 20) ao estresse salino. Sementes selecionadas foram germinadas em vasos contendo 12 kg de solo arenoso em condições casa de vegetação. Dez dias após a semeadura as plantas passaram a ser irrigadas com água de diferentes concentrações de sais. Para o preparo das soluções salinas, foram utilizados os sais de NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O e MgCl2.6H2O dissolvidos em água destilada, na proporção de 7:2:1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, composto por dois genótipos, cinco tratamentos em doses crescentes de água salina (0.5, 2.0 , 4.0, 6.0 e 8.0 dS.m-1) e cinco repetições. Durante a fase de crescimento vegetativo foram realizadas medições de fotossíntese e trocas gasosas nas plantas. A coleta das plantas teve início quarenta e quatro disa após o início dos tratamentos. Foram realizadas medições de características morfológicas, massas seca e fresca das partes aéreas das plantas (limbos, bainhas e colmos) e potencial hídrico. As raízes foram coletadas, juntamente com amostras de solo em três profundidades (0.10, 0.20 e 0.30 m). Foram determinados os teores de íons das partes aéreas e das amostras de solo. O genótipo CSF 20 apresentou maiores valores de número de entrenós, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo. As reduções dos padrões de crescimento foram maiores para o genótipo CSF 18, quando as plantas foram expostas aos maiores níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação. A relação entre os teores de K+ nos colmos e nos limbos foliares foram bem menores no genótipo CSF 20, sugerindo que esse genótipo apresenta maior capacidade de distribuição de K+ para as folhas. Os maiores valores na relação Na+/K+ foram observados no genótipo CSF 18 em função de sua menor capacidade de acumular K+ nas folhas. O genótipo CSF 20 acumulou maior quantidade de carboidratos solúveis nas folhas. Os resultado mostraram que o genótipo CSF 18 mostrou-se sensível à salinidade, enquanto que o genótipo CSF 20 mostrou-se tolerante à salinidade.
Sousa, Carlos Henrique Carvalho de. „ANÃLISE DA TOLERÃNCIA Ã SALINIDADE EM PLANTAS DE SORGO, FEIJÃO-DE-CORDA E ALGODÃO“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5300.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores e distribuiÃÃo de Ãons e alguns parÃmetros morfosiolÃgicos associados com a tolerÃncia à salinidade em plantas de sorgo, feijÃo-de-corda e algodÃo. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 15 kg de areia lavada, em condiÃÃes de casa-de-vegetaÃÃo, e irrigadas com Ãguas com trÃs nÃveis de salinidade (0,5, 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1). O experimento foi montado seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 (3 espÃcies x 3 nÃveis de salinidade), com quatro repetiÃÃes. Durante a conduÃÃo do experimento foram mensuradas a altura da planta e o consumo de Ãgua. ApÃs 42 dias do inÃcio dos tratamentos foram medidas> acÃmulo de sais na Ãgua drenada e no solo, a Ãrea foliar e a produÃÃo de matÃria seca de folhas, caules e raÃzes. Foram tambÃm determinados: a suculÃncia foliar, a massa especÃfica foliar, a partiÃÃo de carbono e os teores de Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+ e prolina. A aplicaÃÃo de Ãgua salina afetou a partiÃÃo de carbono, reduziu o crescimento e o consumo de Ãgua pelas plantas, e provocou acÃmulo de sais na Ãgua drenada e no solo. No entanto, as percentagens de extraÃÃo de sais foram baixas nas trÃs espÃcies, sendo maior em algodoeiro e menor em sorgo A tolerÃncia à salinidade foi avaliada atravÃs dos dados de crescimento, os quais confirmaram a maior sensibilidade do feijÃo-de-corda e a maior tolerÃncia do algodÃo. O algodÃo se diferenciou das duas outras espÃcies por apresentar maior acÃmulo e retenÃÃo de Na+ e Cl- nas raÃzes, maior acÃmulo desses Ãons nos limbos foliares, menores alteraÃÃes nos teores de K+ e aumento nos teores de prolina em resposta ao aumento da salinidade. O sorgo apresentou menores teores de Ãons potencialmente tÃxicos (Na+ + Cl-) nos limbos foliares, porÃm, apresentou reduÃÃes nos teores de K+ e Ca2+ na parte aÃrea. O elevado acÃmulo de Cl- nas folhas, associado à falta de outros mecanismos eficientes de proteÃÃo, contribuiu, pelo menos em parte, para a maior sensibilidade do feijÃo-de-corda ao estresse salino.
The objective of this paper was to evaluate ions concentration and some morphophysiological parameters associates to the salt tolerance in sorghum, cowpea, and cotton plants. Plants were cultivated in plastic pots, using 15 kg of sand soil at greenhouse conditions and subjected to three different salt concentrations (0.5; 4.0; and 8.0 dS.m-1) in irrigation water. A completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 3 x 3 (3 species x 3 salt levels), with four replicates was adopted. During the experimental period, plant height and water use was measured. After 42 days of salt application they were measured the salinity of drained water and in the soil, total leaf area and dry masses of leaves, stems and roots. Leaf succulence, specific leaf mass, carbon partitioning and the concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, and proline were also determined. The application of saline water affected the carbon partitioning, reduced plant growth and water use, and caused salt accumulation in drained water and into the soil. However, the percentage of ion extraction from the soil was low in the three species, being higher in cotton and lower in sorghum. The tolerance index, on the basis of the growth data, confirmed the highest sensibility of the cowpea and the highest tolerance of the cotton. The cotton showed some important difference to the other species, presenting greater accumulation and retention of Na and Cl in the roots, greater accumulation of these ions in the leaf blades, lower changes in K concentration and increase in proline contents in response to sat stress application. On the other hand, sorghum showed lower concentrations of potentially toxic ions (Na plus Cl) in the leaf blades. However, it also presented reductions in K and Ca contents, what can contribute to growth inhibition in this species. The high leaf Cl concentration, associated with the absence of the other protection mechanisms, contributed, at least in part, to higher sensibility of the cowpea to salt stress imposed.
Blanco, Flávio Favaro. „Tolerância do tomateiro à salinidade sob fertirrigação e calibração de medidores de íons específicos para determinação de nutrientes na solução do solo e na planta“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-26072004-144441/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concentration of salts in the water is one of the main aspects to be observed to define a strategy of irrigation management, which could take to damages due to the soil salinization, with consequent reduction of crops yield. Once tolerant crops to salinity present larger tenors of some nutrients in the leaves, then the fertilizing in sensitive crops could be conducted in order to increase the tenors of these nutrients in the leaves to increase the crop tolerance to salts. This work had the objective of studying the effects of three doses of N and K in the tomato tolerance to salinity, as well as to evaluate the performance of cardy-ion meters (CIM) in the determination of nutrients in the soil solution and in the sap of the plant. Tomato seedlings, hybrid Facundo, were transplanted in 10/23/2001 in vases containing 60 kg of a sandy-clay-loam soil, spaced 1.0 x 0.5 m, in a greenhouse covered with polyethylene film. The treatments were composed by the combination of three levels of N (7.5; 15.0 and 22.5 g plant-1) and three levels of K (8, 16 and 24 gK2O plant-1) applied by drip fertigation, in the 3x3 factorial scheme with five replications. Salts (sodium chloride and calcium chloride) were added to the irrigation water for obtaining an electric conductivity of 9.5 dS m-1. Soil solution and petiole sap were collected for determinations of the nutrients with the CIM, whose values were compared with the determinations by the standard methods. Significant effects of the treatments were not observed for the development and yield of the plants, as well as for the fruits quality. The concentrations of nutrients in the soil solution determined with CIM showed good correlations with the determinations by the standard methods, and the concentrations of nutrients in the petiole sap were well correlated to the tenors in the dry matter of the leaves. The electric conductivity and the ionic concentration in the soil solution could not be estimated from the measured values in the saturation extract or in the solution 1:2 only by the correction of the water content, except for K and Na, whose estimates were satisfactory for low concentrations of these elements in the soil solution.
Fernández-Torquemada, Yolanda. „Efectos de las variaciones de salinidad sobre angiospermas marinas y su aplicación a los vertidos de plantas desalinizadoras“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/26427.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJurado, Santos Agapita. „Tolerancia y Ambigüedad en "La gran sultana" de Cervantes /“. Kassel : Reichenberger, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/243706987.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFreitas, Valdinéia Soares. „Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos relacionados com a tolerância à salinidade em algodão, feijão-de-corda e sorgo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18863.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and biochemical parameters in three plant species with different degrees of salt tolerance in order to better understand their differences in salinity tolerance. For this, cotton seed, bean-to-string and sorghum were sown in plastic cups containing vermiculite moistened with ½ Hoagland solution strength (½ SNH), the experiment being conducted in a greenhouse. Seedlings of five days of age were transferred to hydroponic medium (SNH ½), where they remained for a period of six days for acclimatization. After this period, the plants were subjected to three saline treatments with values of electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.9 dS m-1 (low salinity), 4.0 dS m -1 (mean salinity) and 8.0 dS m 1 (high salt). Data were collected at 25 days after the onset of stress. Salinity significantly reduced leaf area and shoot dry mass of all species, especially, bean-to-string and to a lesser extent those of cotton. The osmotic potential of leaves and roots of the three species were significantly reduced in the treatments at 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1 compared to 0.9 dS m-1 except the root sorghum. Since the leaf relative water content did not change with the increase in the EC medium. The Na + and Cl-increased in leaves and roots of three species, and cotton was the species that most of these ions retained in treatments 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1. The concentrations of K + in leaves of cotton and bean-to-string were increased by increasing salinity levels, while in sorghum plants were decreased. Since the roots of this ion concentrations were significantly reduced in all three species. In general, the treatment of medium and high salinity compared with the low salinity, the concentrations of NO3-were reduced in leaves and roots of three species. Treatments at medium and high salinity reduced concentrations of soluble carbohydrates in cotton, while increased in the-string-beans and sorghum. The soluble protein concentration did not change the jack bean-string a function of salinity was reduced while the other two species. The N-aminossóluveis were increased in all three species while for proline, the increases were only observed at 8.0 dS m-1. In general, the parameters of emission of fluorescence of chlorophyll SPAD readings were not affected by the salinity. Levels were significantly increased lipid peroxidation in the treatment of medium and high salinity of the bean-string, the sorghum did not change while the cotton were reduced compared with that of low salinity. The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol (GPX) in leaves was not affected by saline treatments at 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1, except for reductions in the activities of SOD and GPX in cotton and string beans in CAT and GPX to increases in sorghum. In roots, increases were observed for SOD in cotton and increases for sorghum and beans in GPX-of-string while there were reductions of APX and GPX for cotton. The growth data presented here confirm the increased tolerance of cotton and the higher sensitivity of the jack bean-string to salt stress, whereas changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes lead us to suggest that the antioxidant enzyme system appears to be cotton more efficient than the other two species, the removal of oxidative damage caused by salinity. It is also possible that the greater ability of cotton to accumulate toxic ions (Na + and Cl-) in photosynthetic tissues contributes at least in part to its greater tolerance to salinity.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos em três espécies vegetais com graus diferenciados de tolerância ao estresse salino, a fim de melhor entender suas diferenças na tolerância à salinidade. Para isto, sementes de algodão, feijão-de-corda e sorgo foram semeadas em copos plásticos contendo vermiculita umedecida com solução nutritiva de Hoagland ½ força (SNH ½), sendo o experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação. Plântulas de cinco dias de idade foram transferidas para meio hidropônico (SNH ½), onde permaneceram por um período de seis dias para aclimatação. Após esse período, as plantas foram submetidas a três tratamentos salinos com valores de condutividade elétrica (CE) de 0,9 dS m-1 (baixa salinidade), 4,0 dS m-1 (média salinidade) e 8,0 dS m-1 (alta salinidade). A coleta foi realizada aos 25 dias após o início do estresse. A salinidade reduziu significativamente a área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea das três espécies estudadas, especialmente as das plantas de feijão-de-corda e em menor proporção as do algodão. O potencial osmótico de folhas e raízes das três espécies foram significativamente reduzidos nos tratamentos a 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1 em comparação com o de 0,9 dS m-1, exceto nas raízes de sorgo. Já o teor relativo de água foliar não apresentou alterações com o aumento da CE do meio de crescimento. Os íons Na+ e Cl- aumentaram nas folhas e raízes das três espécies, sendo que o algodão foi a espécie que mais reteve esses íons nos tratamentos a 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1. As concentrações de K+ nas folhas de algodão e feijão-de-corda foram aumentadas pelos níveis crescentes de salinidade, enquanto nas plantas de sorgo foram diminuídas. Já nas raízes as concentrações desse íon foram significativamente reduzidas nas três espécies. De maneira geral, nos tratamentos de média e alta salinidade comparados com o de baixa salinidade, as concentrações de NO3- foram reduzidas em folhas e raízes das três espécies. Os tratamentos a média e alta salinidade reduziram as concentrações de carboidratos solúveis no algodão, enquanto aumentaram no feijão-de-corda e no sorgo. A concentração de proteína solúvel não se alterou no feijão-de-corda em função da salinidade, enquanto foi reduzida nas outras duas espécies. Os N-aminossóluveis foram aumentados nas três espécies, enquanto para a prolina, esses aumentos só foram observados a 8,0 dS m-1. De modo geral, os parâmetros de emissão de fluorescência da clorofila a e a leitura SPAD não foram alterados pela salinidade. Os níveis de peroxidação lipídica foram significativamente aumentados nos tratamentos de média e alta salinidade no feijão-de-corda, não sofreram alteração no sorgo, enquanto foram reduzidos no algodão, quando comparados com o de baixa salinidade. A atividade das enzimas dismutase do superóxido (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases do ascorbato (APX) e do guaiacol (GPX) em folhas, não foi alterada pelos tratamentos salinos a 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1, com exceção de reduções nas atividades da SOD e GPX no algodão e da CAT no feijão-corda e, aumentos para a GPX no sorgo. Nas raízes, foram observados aumentos para a SOD no algodão e aumentos para a GPX no sorgo e feijão-de-corda, enquanto houve reduções da APX e GPX para o algodão. Os dados de crescimento aqui apresentados confirmam a maior tolerância do algodão e a maior sensibilidade do feijão-de-corda ao estresse salino, enquanto que as alterações na peroxidação dos lipídios e nas enzimas antioxidativas nos levam a sugerir que o sistema enzimático antioxidativo do algodão parece ser mais eficiente do que o das outras duas espécies estudadas, na eliminação dos danos oxidativos ocasionados pela salinidade. É possível, também, que a maior capacidade do algodão de acumular íons tóxicos (Na+ e Cl-) nos tecidos fotossintetizantes contribua, pelo menos em parte, para sua maior tolerância à salinidade.
Guillén, Cárdenas Carolina, Torres Enrique Gerardo Vento, Ramos Giovani Catacora und Villalobos Luis Alberto Paredes. „Planeamiento estratégico de la tolerancia e inclusión en el Perú“. Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12290.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis document is the proposal of a Strategic Planning for Tolerance and Inclusion of Peru between 2017 and 2025; in order to improve their quality of life, developing their skills, without discrimination and on equal opportunities. This PEA is based on the Regional Social Progress Index Study published and diffused by Centrum; where it summarizes in four indicators the reality of Tolerance and Inclusion: (a) Indicator of violence against women, (b) Indicator of ethnic minority discrimination, (c) Indicator of the immigrants, and (d) Indicator of discrimination against people with a disability, which have been taken to formulate the long-term objectives. For the development of this document, the sequential model of the strategic process has been used, considering a series of sequentially and iteratively tasks; which allows analyzing the external and internal environment, identifying strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats to generate actions and strategies to make a country tolerant, inclusive, free from discrimination and with equal opportunities, and aligned with our vision. Finally, as part of this document, we propose a series of strategies aligned to the long and short term objectives, as well as a monitoring and follow-up plan that will allow to evaluate, in a constant and periodic way, the fulfillment of each one of the objectives; encouraging an inclusive country with equal opportunities for all the inhabitants of the country
Tesis
Wanderley, Marise Tenorio. „Estudo da termo-tolerancia e parametros cineticos da saccharomyces cerevisae“. [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Verifica-se na literatura um grande interesse no estudo de álcool-tolerância (k) de leveduras, principalmente quanto aos mecanismos bioquímicos envolvidos neste parâmetro. No entanto, não foi encontrado nenhum estudo deste parâmetro em função da temperatura e concentração de etanol para leveduras de processos industriais de produção de etanol. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo do parâmetro k e de parâmetros cinéticos Pm (concentração de etanol onde o crescimento celular cessa), YP/S (rendimento em etanol), e Kd (T,P) (constante cinética de morte em função da temperatura e concentração de etanol) para uma faixa de temperatura usualmente utilizada em processos industriais (30 a 40°C) usando uma linhagem de Saccharomyces cerevisae isolada na Usina Santa Adélia / SP. O meio de cultivo para as fermentações foi à base de melaço de cana-de-açúcar e extrato de levedura que mais se aproxima do meio industrial. Verificou-se que o teste de álcool-tolerância, proposto por JIMÉNEZ & VANUDEN (1985) só é válido em condições de alta viabilidade celular. Não é possível a utilização deste teste para alta temperatura e alta concentração de etanol, quando geralmente a viabilidade celular é baixa, dificultando a análise do efeito associado do álcool-termo-tolerância conjuntamente. Constatou-se que o parâmetro k permanece inalterado para temperaturas de 30 e 32°C, aumentando linearmente de 32 a 40°C, indicando o aumento da sensibilidade das leveduras com o aumento da temperatura. Foi obtido um modelo cinético para Pm em função da temperatura, que expressa a queda exponencial dos mesmos para temperaturas superiores a 32°C. A cinética de morte celular foi verificada através da equação de DALE et all (1990) em função do tempo de fermentação, da temperatura e concentração de etanol. O ajuste obtido entre os dados experimentais e os previstos pela equação foi consideravelmente bom, podendo ser utilizado em estudos de projeto e otimização de processos industriais
Abstract: One can observe that there is a great interest in literature in the study of alcohol tolerance (k) of yeasts, especially with respect to the biochemical mechanisms involved in such a parameter. However, no study of this parameter was found related to temperature and ethanol concentration for yeasts of industrial processes of ethanol production. Thus, this work had the objective of studying k parameter and kinetic parameter Pm (ethanol concentration where cellular growth ceases), YP/S (yield in ethanol), and Kd (T,P) (kinetic constant of death with respect to temperature and ethanol concentration) for a temperature range usually utilized in industrial processes (30 to 40°C), using a Saccharomyces cerevisae strain isolated at Santa Adélia/SP. The culture medium for fermentation was sugar cane molasses and yeast extract which was closest to the industrial culture medium. It has been found that the alcohol tolerance test, proposed by JIMÉNEZ & VANUDEN (1985), is only valid in high cellular viability conditions. The utilization of this test for both high temperature and high ethanol concentration is not possible, when cellular viability is low, making it difficult the analysis of the associated effect of alcohol thermo-tolerance jointly. It has been observed that k parameter remains unaltered for temperatures of 30 and 32°C, increasing linearly from 32 to 40°C, indicating the increase of yeasts sensibility with the increase of temperature. A kinetic model for Pm was obtained relating to temperature which expresses the exponential fall ofthe same for temperatures above 32°C. The kinetics of cellular death was verified through the equation of DALE et all (1990) regarding time of fermentation, temperature and ethanol concentration. The adjustment obtained between experimental data and those foreseen through the equation was considerably good, enabling its utilization in studies relating to design and optimization of industrial processes
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
Freire, Nadia Maria Badue. „Educação para a paz : um estudo psicogenetico sobre a tolerancia“. [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253599.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A tolerância é um dos fatores fundamentais para uma verdadeira Educação para a Paz, no sentido de aceitar o diferente sem, entretanto, abandonar sua própria identidade, seja ela cultural ou pessoal. Ou no sentido de se tomar atitudes não-violentas na defesa dos princípios, entre pares. Esta segunda opção foi recortada como conceito a ser trabalhado na presente tese: tolerância necessária entre pares, diante de princípios violados. O conceito de tolerância deve permitir clarear o problema norteador dessa pesquisa: quando a criança se torna capaz de exercer a tolerância como sentimento moral ¿ e de como educar para a tolerância e para a paz. A falta de um conceito compartilhado de tolerância constitui uma das maiores dificuldades deste estudo. A abordagem teórico-metodológica cognitivo-evolutiva piagetiana, por meio de conflitos morais, permite estudar como evolui a tolerância, relacionando-a ao desenvolvimento da reciprocidade, justiça, respeito, heteronomia/autonomia, centração/descentração. A partir das análises dos argumentos fornecidos pelos sujeitos (de 6, 9, 12 e 15 anos), são apresentadas reflexões educacionais que inspirem relações mais harmoniosas, principalmente, na escola
Abstract: Education for Peace: a psycogenetic study on Tolerance. Tolerance is one of the fundamental factors for a true Education for Peace, in the sense of accepting what is different without letting go of your own identity though, whether it is cultural or personal. It can also be perceived in the sense of adopting non-violent attitudes in defense of principles among peers. This second sense was singled out as the concept to be worked on in the present paper: the necessary tolerance among peers in face of violated principles. The concept of tolerance is expected to clarify the guiding issue of this research: when children become able to exercise tolerance as a moral sentiment and how to educate towards tolerance and peace. The lack of a shared concept of tolerance constitutes one of the greatest difficulties of this study. The Piaget cognitive-evolutive theoretical-methodological approach through moral conflicts allows the study of how tolerance evolues, relating it to the development of reciprocity, justice, respect, heteronomy, autonomy, centering/decentering. From the analyses of the arguments provided by the subjects (of 6, 9, 12 e 15 years) educational reflexions, which inspire more harmonious relationships mainly in school, are put forward
Doutorado
Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação
Doutor em Educação
Lieberg, Sandra Aparecida. „Tolerancia a inundação e aspectos demograficos de Inga affinis Dc“. [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315809.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As matas ciliares são formações que ocorrem ao longo dos cursos d'água. Sua retirada causa danos irreversíveis ao ambiente como o assoreamento dos rios e desequilíbrio na fauna e flora desse ecótono. Estudos demográficos e das estratégias de ocupação das espécies desse ambiente, são de crucial importância para a compreensão da dinâmica desta formação. Esses dados fornecerão subsídios para a sua preservação. Em levantamentos preliminares ao longo do rio Jacaré- Pepira observou-se que Inga affinis DC, é uma espécie muito abundante na região. Essa espécie ocorre nas margens do rio, assegurando estabilidade do solo e evitando o assoreamento do rio. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: estudar a distribuição espacial e etária da espécie; comparar o desenvolvimento de indivíduos submetidos a diferentes níveis de saturação hídrica do solo; determinar em laboratório, o potencial de germinação das sementes; e contribuir para o conhecimento das estratégias adaptativas de espécies arbóreas de mata ciliar. Para o estudo de distribuição espacial das espécies, todas as plantas de Inga affinis foram plaqueadas e mapeadas sendo estimada a altura e obtido o perímetro a altura do peito. Esse mapeamento foi refeito após um ano para verificar o aparecimento, morte e crescimento dos indivíduos. No primeiro ano foram plaqueadas 232 plantas, das quais 29% eram plântulas, 43% juvenis, 26% adultas e 2% mortas. Após um ano foram plaqueadas 410 plantas, sendo 49% plântulas, 26% juvenis, 16% adultas e 9% mortas. Esses dados sugerem que em 1987 a frutificação foi menor ou houve restrições na germinação e/ou estabelecimento das plântulas
Abstract: Although protected by legislation since 1934 the forests along river margins, i.e. Gallery Forests, are still being cut and/or burnt in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The destriction of' these forests result in irreversible environmentaI damages, such as soil erosion and silting UP the rivers and water reservoirs. The preservation and management of this ecotone relies on the knowledge of the strategies evolved by plant species to occupy this environment, and of the dynamics of the ecosystem. A preliminary survey of the margins of the Jacaré-Pepira river showed that Inga affinis DC, is abundant in river margins subjected to periodical floodings. The presence of Inga affinis assures the stability of the banks, reducing erosion and its consequences. These characteristics led us to carry a research projet with the f'ollowing objectives: a) to study the spacial and age distribuition of a population of Inga affinis in the margin of the Jacaré-Pepira rlver; b) to test, in a plant nursey, the response of 5 months old plantas of Inga affinis subjected to flooding with stagnant and moving water, c) to stablish the role of adventitious roots and hypertrophic lenticels in plants subjected to flooding; d) to study, in controled conditions, the germination potencial of seeds of Inga affinis; e) to Increase the KnowIedge of the adaptive strategies evoIved by GalIery Forest trees to occupy fIood-prone areas. The spatial distribution and age structure were studied in a grid of 21 parcels, of 50m each, where alI pIants of Inga affinis were measured (height and perimeter at breast height) and maped. After one year the area was maped again to establish recruitment, growth and mortaIity. ln the first year (September), 1987) there were 232 plants present in the grid, of which 29% were seedling, 43% juvenile, 26% adult and 2% dead. In the following year (september, 1988) there were 410 plants present, of which 49% were seedlings, 26% juvenile, 16% adult and 9% dead.The date suggests that in 1987 either fruit production or germination and/or seedling estabIishement was Iower
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Kologeski, Anelise Lemke. „Combinação de estratégias para tolerar falhas em interconexões e aumentar o rendimento na produção de redes intra-chip“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA Network-on-Chip (NoC) can offer better scalability and performance than a traditional bus, and therefore it has been used as an alternative communication architecture inside of a complex System-on-Chip. The use of fault tolerance structures in NoC is growing, due to the fact that it is almost impossible to manufacture integrated circuits without any defect in nanometer technologies. Consequently, the use of fault tolerance methods is crucial to allow that circuits with some amount of defects still reach the market, increasing yield and the lifetime of a chip, besides ensuring the correct functionality of the device. Based on previous test and diagnosis results, the NoC can have embedded fault-tolerant solutions that can provide the correct communication in the network. A strategy to handle multiple defects in the NoC interconnections with low impact on the communication delay and energy is presented in this thesis. The fault-tolerant method can guarantee the functionally of the NoC with multiple defects in any interconnection, and with multiple faulty interconnections. The proposed techniques use information from testing to adapt the routing and the packet, which allows configuring fault-tolerant features along the NoC interconnections. A remapping strategy can be associated to minimize the impact of some faults in the application. Results for the combination of three different techniques in the NoC show that the communication delay can have minimal impact when compared to a fault-free system. Comparisons have shown that our proposal can provide a better fault tolerance against permanent faults than Hamming code in terms of energy and performance impact. We show that the proposed strategy has a minimized impact in performance and power while a traditional fault-tolerant solution like Hamming code has a significant impact.
Mestre, Ortuño Teresa. „Respuesta de las plantas de tomate a la combinación de salinidad y altas temperaturas“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132673.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTomato crop is one of the most important in the Mediterranean area, which is characterized by an arid or semi-arid climate. The use of saline water for irrigation and high temperatures are two of the factors that contributing to the decline yield and affect directly to blossom-end rot (BER) in the fruits . To date, most work has focused on the study of plant response to one of these factors, although the effect of salinity could be accentuated by high temperatures. It would be necessary to know the plant response when these two stresses are applied simultaneously. Thus, two objectives were considered. The first objective was to establish the response of tomato to the combination of high temperatures and salinity. In order to reach this objective, two experiments were performed. In the first one, tomato plants were grown under salinity and high temperature treatments in a greenhouse. Agronomic and physiological aspects were studied in relation to the production and quality of tomato fruits. The second one was conducted in a growth chamber under controlled conditions, and the primary response tomato plant to the combination of salinity and high temperatures was analyzed at the first 72 hours. The second objective was to establish the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of BER. For this reason, microtom plants subjected to calcium deficiency were grown in a growth chamber. The results shown that salinity and high temperatures reduced yield by reducing the size of the fruits and the percentage of fruit set. In addition, the incidence of fruits with BER and cracked were also increased. However, salinity improved fruit quality. After 72h under stress, the plants grown with salinity and high temperature treatment grew faster than plant grown under salinity treatment. Plant under the combination treatment reduced Na+ and increased K+ uptake, increased CO2 assimilation, and they had higher quantum efficiency of photosystem than the plants with saline treatment at 25°C. Furthermore, plants with salinity accumulated proline, while plants treated with salinity and high temperature accumulated glycine betaine and trehalose. Fruits with BER were observed only in the plants grown with 0.1 mM Ca2+, and only half of this suffered this disorder. In addition, the fruits affected with BER had less Ca2+ than the apparently healthy fruits. The oxidative metabolism and ascorbate-glutathione cycle were affected only in fruits with BER.
Sousa, Robson Alexsandro de. „Efeitos da salinidade e da composiÃÃo iÃnica da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de feijÃo-de-corda“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2334.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO uso de Ãgua de qualidade duvidosa na irrigaÃÃo pode ser prejudicial Ãs plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade e da composiÃÃo quÃmica da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo sobre o crescimento, as trocas de gasosas, a nutriÃÃo mineral e os teores de solutos orgÃnicos em plantas de feijÃo-de-corda [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cv. PitiÃba. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 22 kg de areia lavada, sob condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo, e submetidas a 4 diferentes condutividades elÃtricas da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo (0,5; 1,5; 3,0 4,5 dS m-1), obtidas com sais de NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O e MgCl2.6H2O (A1), com sais de Na2SO4, CaCl2, MgCl2, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 (A2), ou somente com NaCl (A3). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com 5 repetiÃÃes. Durante a conduÃÃo do experimento mediu-se a taxa de transpiraÃÃo, taxa de fotossÃntese lÃquida, teores de clorofila e a condutÃncia estomÃtica, bem como se analisou a condutividade elÃtrica da Ãgua percolada e do substrato. As plantas foram coletadas com 48 dias apÃs o plantio, medindo-se a Ãrea foliar; e, as massas frescas e secas de folhas, caules e raÃzes. Determinaram-se, em laboratÃrio, nas folhas e caules, os teores de Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, P, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn; nas folhas foram determinados os teores de prolina, proteÃnas, carboidratos e N-aminossolÃveis. A salinidade afetou a produÃÃo de biomassa, o crescimento foliar e as trocas gasosas das plantas, porÃm, com pequena influÃncia da composiÃÃo da Ãgua sobre esses parÃmetros. No entanto, a composiÃÃo iÃnica da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo influenciou os teores de nutrientes minerais, especialmente sobre os teores de micronutrientes. Por outro lado, nÃo foram observados relacionamentos significativos entre os teores dos solutos orgÃnicos analisados e os nÃveis de salinidade e a composiÃÃo quÃmica da Ãgua. A composiÃÃo quÃmica da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo à relevante quando se pretende irrigar, pois o aporte de diferentes sais ao solo poderà influenciar especificamente na absorÃÃo de nutrientes minerais, com possÃveis repercussÃes negativas no metabolismo da planta e na sua produtividade.
The use of the inadequate water in irrigation can be prejudicial to the plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of salinity and chemical composition of irrigation water on plant growth, mineral nutrition, gas exchange, and organic solutes contents of cowpea plants [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Plants were cultivated in plastic pots, using 22 kg of soil at greenhouse conditions and subjected to four different salt stress concentrations (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; and 4.5 dS m-1) in irrigation water. These different salt concentrations were obtained by adding NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O and MgCl2.6H2O (A1), a mixture of chloride, sulphate, carbonates, and bi-carbonates salts (A2), or alone NaCl (A3). A completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement (3 x 4), with five replicates was adopted. During the experimental period, the following responses were evaluated: transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents. After 48 days after sowing they were measured total leaf area and fresh and dry masses of leaves, stems and roots. The contents of inorganic (Na, Cl, K, Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and organic (proline, protein, carbohydrates e N-amino soluble) solutes were also determined. The salinity of irrigation water caused reduction in the biomass production, leaf growth and gas exchange, but it was not observed effects of the chemical composition of water on these parameters. However, the ionic composition of irrigation water affected the contents of mineral nutrients, especially the contents of micronutrients. On the other hand, it was not found significant relationships between organic solutes contents and the levels of salinity or chemical composition of the water. The results suggest that chemical composition of irrigation water is an important factor, since it could affect mineral nutrients uptake, which can cause negative effects on plant metabolism and productivity.
Rodrigues, CÃcera Raquel Fernandes. „Efeito do Cloreto de SÃdio sobre o crescimento e acumulaÃÃo de nutrientes da Mamoneira“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12290.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecentemente, especial Ãnfase tem sido direcionada ao cultivo da mamoneira, contudo, poucos sÃo os resultados disponÃveis na literatura sobre o real potencial desta cultura em se desenvolver e produzir quando cultivada em Ãreas salinizadas. Por tratar-se de uma cultura naturalmente vigorosa, de fÃcil propagaÃÃo e que pode apresentar relevante importÃncia social e econÃmica para o paÃs, especialmente para o nordeste e considerando os escassos estudos relacionados, visou-se neste trabalho, avaliar a tolerÃncia da salinidade e seus efeitos sobre os teores de nutrientes na planta. Foi instalado um experimento casa de vegetaÃÃo em condiÃÃes hidropÃnicas. Usou-se 10 tratamentos de salinidade correspondentes a CE da soluÃÃo nutritiva de 1,7; 2,5; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,5; 9,0, 12,5 e 15,0 dS/m. o delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com trÃs repetiÃÃes. A salinidade afeta negativamente o crescimento das plantas de mamona e acarreta sintomas visuais de toxidez, caracterizados por queima das bordas e Ãpice das folhas e, em estÃgio mais avanÃado, amarelecimento do limbo e queda das mesmas, à considerada moderadamente sensÃvel a salinidade, apresentando a salinidade limiar està entre 1,7 a 2,5 dS/m, houve aumentos nos teores de fÃsforo nas raÃzes da mamona, decrÃscimos nos teores de potÃssio nas folhas, o cÃlcio e o magnÃsio tiveram seus teores constantes, sendo que o cÃlcio apresentou maiores acÃmulos nas folhas, os teores do zinco foram maiores nos caules, enquanto que o cobre apresentou maior acumulo nas raÃzes, tanto o ferro, quanto o manganÃs apresentaram maiores teores nas raÃzes e os teores de sÃdio e cloro aumentaram significativamente em todas as partes da planta com o aumento da salinidade, sendo os teores de cloro, maiores que sÃdio. Para os dois Ãons Na+ e Cl-, ocorreu maior acumulo ocorreu nas raÃzes, seguidos dos caules e folhas.
Special emphasis has recently been given to the culture of castorbean, however available results about the potential of this culture to develop and to produce when cultivated in salinized areas are not greatly found in the literature. To be a vigorous culture and to disseminate easily it can be of great social and economic importance for Brazil and especially for the Northeast region. Thus, considering the scarce related studies, the current work was aimed to evaluate the tolerance to salinity of this plant species as well the effects of different salinity levels in the nutrient solution on the plant growth. The plants were hidroponically cultivated under greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of ten salinity levels that corresponded to the following nutrition solutions CEâ s: 1,7; 2,5; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,5; 9,0; 12,5 e 15,0 dS/m. The experiment was an entirely randomized block design with three replications. The salinity negative affects the castorbean growth and causes visual symptoms of toxicity, which had been characterized by burning of the edges and apex of leaves. With increasing toxicity symptoms intensity the leaves yellowed then dropped off. Castorbean is considered a moderately sensitive plant species to salinity and it has salinity threshold between 2,5 and 1,7 dS/m. It was seen that phosphorus increased in the castorbean roots while potassium of leaves decreased; the calcium and magnesium concentrations kept constant in the roots, and in the leaves calcium concentrated more. The zinc concentration was higher in the stem while cupper was higher in the roots. Iron and manganese concentrated more in the roots and the contents of sodium and chloride significantly increased, mainly of chloride, with increasing external salinity in all plant parts. The sodium and chloride concentrations were higher in the roots followed by leaves and stem.
Padilla, Arzaluz Leonardo Sebastían. „Variabilidad Espacial de la Salinidad en Suelos del Distrito de Riego 014, Mexicali Baja california“. Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67920.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa salinidad es un Problema que Amenaza la Calidad de los Suelos Agrícolas en Todo el Mundo, tan Sólo en América Latina 31,000,000Ha. Presentan este Problema, Destacando México, Perú, Colombia, Ecuador y Chile Entre los mas Afectados.
Picasso, Clarke Gracia María. „Control y tolerancia al estrés en familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6292.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle80% of schizophrenic patients are attended by their relatives. This high involvement of the family with the patient could generate an impact in both the relative’s health and the development of the patient’s disease. That is why the purpose of this research is to describe the characteristics present on the capacity to control and tolerate stress in a group of 10 relatives of female Schizophrenic patients. The evaluation was performed with the Rorschach Test, using the comprehensive system and with a semi-structured interview. The Rorschach results were contrasted with the data obtained by Ráez (2007), where significant differences were found in four of the variables. The results determined that Lambda (L) and Social Inability (CDI) were greater in the study group and Accesible Experience (EA) and Sufferable Experience (es) were smaller. This shows that family members tend to confront reality in a defensive way, trying to avoid getting emotionally and cognitively involved with the patient. Furthermore, it also indicates a difficulty in generating and directing answers in stress situations, resulting in negative interactions. This is related to the poverty levels the group lives in. Moreover, the content analysis enhances the passive and avoidance ways to confront stressful situations. Finally, the limitations and scope of the study are discussed, as well as their recommendations.
Tesis
Mondragón, Dávila Mery Raquel. „Control y tolerancia al estrés en universitarios usuarios habituales de cannabis“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9481.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims to investigate the Tolerance and Stress Control in a group of peruvian university students that report regular cannabis use. The characteristics of marihuana consumption were evaluated and, through the Rorschach inkblot test, user’s ability to cope with sources of tension, in contrast to a comparative group of non-users. Contrasts with the Mann Whitney U statistic revealed a higher D score in the study group, which, when linked to the elevation of less modulated affective expressions (CF + C), loses functionality. Marihuana use was associated with higher indicators of emotional distress, greater affective and interpersonal distance, and difficulty in handling complex situations, all of which was replicated in comparative analyzes within the study group. Difficulties with regard to affectivity and interpersonal relationships undermine the effectiveness of resources and point to a fragile psychological organization in which cannabis consumption functions as a way to cope with unpleasant affective states, feelings of social inadequacy and the perception of little self-agency. We discussed the importance of taking into account the subjective experience of users and the functions of consumption, while recognizing the high emotional cost of maintaining that lifestyle. These results are useful to structure prevention and intervention programs that contribute to empower the subject and provide regulatory and coping strategies to deal with sources of tension.
Tesis
Machado, Jose Wagner Borges. „Relação origem / solo e tolerancia a saturação hidrica de Copaiferalangsdorffii DESF“. [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como propósitos: 1. estudar resposta de três origens de C.langsdorffii oriundas de cerrado (origem cerrado), mata ciliar (origem mata ciliar) e mata decídua a solos com diferentes características físicas e químicas; 2 conhecer o comportamento destas origens face à saturação hídrica do solo. Para tanto, foram conduzidos quatro experimentos. O primeiro experimento, resposta de três origens de C. langsdorffii a solos ácidos e calcários, foi conduzido na Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL) da Universidade de Brasília. As sementes da espécie foram coletadas entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 1985, em 16 árvores da origem cerrado, 19 árvores da origem mata ciliar e 12 árvores da origem mata decídua, localizadas em áreas da região geoeconômica do Distrito Federal. Fez.-se a semeadura em sacos plásticos contendo 3 litros de terra, coletada a 0-15 cm de profundidade em solos sob vegetação de cerrado, mata ciliar e mata decídua. Utilizou-se o delineamento fatorial, em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os fatores analisados foram: -origem (cerrado, mata ciliar e mata decídua) e solo (cerrado, mata ciliar e mata decídua). .. Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The maln objectives of this research were: 1) to study the response of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. of three distinct provenance, "cerrado" (cerrado provenance), gallery forest (gallery forest provenance) and deciduous Torest (deciduous forest provenance), to soils with distinct physical and chemical characteristics; 2) to establish the response of these three provenance to waterlogging. The work was divided in four main experiments:a) The first experiment focused on the response of the three provenances to acid and calcareous soils.The seeds of the experiment were collected in the Distrito Federal, between August and September 1985, from 16 trees of the cerrado provenance, 19 trees of the gallery forest provenance and 12 trees from the deciduous forest provenance. The seeds were sown in plastic bags four replicates. Origin (cerrado, gallery forest and decidouos forest) and soil (cerrado, gallery forest and deciduous forest ) were the variables considered. The seedlings were kept in a green house with a light filter (sombrite) that reduced 70% of sunlight, at the Fazenda Água Limpa in Brasília (DF). Seedlings were harvested 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 360, 390, 450, 510 and 570 days after sowing. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
Martínez, Macías Félix. „Nuevos genes reguladores de la tolerancia a estrés abiótico en Arabidopsis“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/48560.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTESIS
Merino, Soto César, und Mirian Grimaldo. „Análisis no paramétrico de rankings de tolerancia en comportamientos moralmente cuestionables“. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/604889.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la tolerancia ante situaciones moralmente controversiales mediante rankings. La muestra estuvo conformada por 254 estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de psicología, entre varones y mujeres, con una edad promedio de 21 años, de la ciudad de Lima. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Comportamientos Morales Controvertidos. Se concluye que existe similitud, según género y edad, en relación a los rankings de los comportamientos morales controvertidos. En cuanto a la religión, se encontraron diferencias con el grupo evangélico, quienes resultan ser menos tolerantes en cuanto a las relaciones prematrimoniales; en comparación a los católicos. Discutimos el impacto de estos resultados en la comprensión de la tendencia a la acción en el plano de la moralidad.
Oliveira, Thiago Souza. „Produtividade e respostas antioxidantes da soja enlist E3TM submetida à aplicação de herbicidas /“. Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183153.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResumo: Visando reduzir os impactos causados pelo uso constante de um mesmo ingrediente ativo, principalmente a ocorrência de plantas daninhas resistentes, uma nova cultivar de soja geneticamente modificada foi desenvolvida. Entretanto, por ser uma cultivar recem criada, ainda carece de estudos desenvolvidos sob condições de campo quanto à resistência efetiva a herbicidas e nas diferentes condições de cultivo no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos dos herbicidas 2,4-D sal colina, glyphosate, 2,4-D sal colina+glyphosate, glufosinato e glufosinato + 2,4-D sal colina sobre o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da soja Enlist E3™. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram: 2,4-D sal Colina (780 g e.a./ha-1), glyphosate (820 g e.a./ha-1), 2,4-D sal colina+glyphosate (1600 g e.a./ha-1), glufosinato (400 g e.a./ha-1) e glufosinato + 2,4-D sal colina (400+780 g e.a./ha-1) e o dobro da dose de cada tratamento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Jaboticabal, SP e o delineamento foi realizado em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2+T, sendo cinco tratamentos herbicidas, duas doses e uma testemunha capinada com quatro repetições. Após a aplicação dos herbicidas foram realizadas as avaliações de intoxicação das plantas até os 14 DAA, e na colheita foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens, peso de 100 grãos e rendimento de grãos foram avaliadas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo te... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In order to reduce the impacts caused by the constant use of the same active ingredient in the field and the occurrence of resistant weeds, a new genetically modified soybean cultivar was developed. However, as a recent elaborated cultivar, studies are scarce about field conditions regarding the effective resistance to herbicides and different cultivation conditions in Brazil. Thus, the main of this work was to verify the effects of the herbicides 2,4-D choline salt, glyphosate, 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate, glufosinate and glufosinate + 2,4-D choline salt on development and productivity of the soybean Enlist E3 ™. The herbicide treatments were: 2,4-D Coline salt (780 g ea / ha-1), glyphosate (820 g ea / ha-1), 2,4-D Coline + glyphosate salt), Glufosinato (400 g ea / ha-1) and Glufosinato + 2,4-D Choline salt (400 + 780 g ea / ha-1) and twice the dose of each treatment. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block in a 5x2 + T factorial scheme, with five herbicide treatments, two doses and one weed control, with four replications. The height of the plants, height of insertion of the first pod, number of pods, weight of 100 grains and yield of grains were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 1 or 5% of probability level. Overall results for 2017/2018 harvest showed that treatments with once herbicide dose had a negative effects on insertion height and the number of soybean po... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Matsumoto, Hidekasu. „Erros dimensionais no torneamento devido a rigidez do sistema“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264805.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Determinação da influência da rigidez estática do sistema Máquina-Ferramenta/Ferramenta de Corte/Dispositivo de Fixação/Peça (MFDP), na formação dos erros dimensionais no torneamento. Desenvolvimento de um modelo teórica para a determinação da deflexão do sistema e da comparação dos seus resulados com os valores obtidos experimentalmente através da aplicação de forças estáticas em diversos pontos da peça. Análise dos casos com a peça fixada entre pontos, entre placas e ponto e por placa (balanço)
Abstract: The effect of the static rigidity of the Machine Tool/Cutting Tool/Fixture/Workpiece system on the dimensional error formation in turning, by means of a theoretical model for the deflections determinations and the comparison between the models's results and the ones experimentally obtained by applying static forces at several places on the workpiece. The considered situations are for workpiece fastened between centres, between chuck and centre, and by chuck only
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Alfaro, R. Felipe. „El efecto en la readquisición de una clave pareada a una clave asociada a ensayos no reforzados durante la extinción de la respuesta condicionada de tolerancia al etanol en ratas“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLas claves de extinción son estímulos asociados a ensayos no reforzados durante el proceso de extinción de una respuesta. En la literatura se reporta evidencia de experimentos que retardan la recuperación de la respuesta extinguida de tolerancia a la ataxia producida por etanol en ratas. En este experimento se estableció una clave de extinción A para luego parearla con un estímulo B, para probar luego si este estímulo B funciona como la clave de extinción A en la readquisición. En cuatro grupos se presentó una clave al inicio de los ensayos de extinción en el 75% de los ensayos, luego en una siguiente fase se asociaron los estímulos A (clave de extinción) y B presentándolos simultáneamente para los dos grupos de asociación de estímulos, mientras que se presentaron de manera no pareada para los dos grupos de estímulos no pareados, en una ultima fase se readquirió la respuesta de tolerancia presentando la clave A entre ensayos para un grupo de asociación de estímulos y un grupo de estímulos no pareados y el estímulo B para el grupo de asociación y de estímulos no pareados restantes. En un quinto grupo se realizó un procedimiento de readquisición de tolerancia condicionada. Los resultados mostraron que si bien existe un efecto de la clave A en la readquisición, no existe un efecto significativo del estímulo B. El estímulo B falló en retrasar la readquisición y se exploraron posibles causas a probar en futuros experimentos
Pino, Emhart Alberto. „Borrachos, libertinos y sodomitas — la tolerancia de John Locke como antecedente del pluralismo valorativo“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106923.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl presente trabajo tiene como propósito central investigar los antecedentes del pluralismo valorativo en el principio de tolerancia defendido por el filósofo John Locke. En particular, propone que los argumentos esgrimidos por este autor a favor de la tolerancia no han perdido su vigencia en la actualidad. Para ello, se discute la literatura secundaria que plantea la hipótesis contraria, esto es, quienes señalan que los postulados del filósofo oxoniense no serían aceptables en una sociedad occidental contemporánea. El método que se emplea para este análisis se fundamenta en la tesis según la cual para entender un autor hay que considerar no solo la esfera conceptual de sus argumentos, sino también una institucional y otra política. Conforme lo anterior, en el primer capítulo se procede a elaborar el contexto político en el que Locke desarrolló su filosofía, el cual consiste en un conjunto de prácticas y argumentos que promovían la persecución religiosa en la Europa del siglo xvii. Luego se expone la esfera institucional de la filosofía de Locke. Este ámbito fue determinante para la elaboración de sus argumentos a favor de la tolerancia, puesto que el círculo de autores denominado como ‘república de las letras’ fue el contexto en el cual pudo discutir sus ideas con filósofos como Limborch, Bayle y LeClerc, entre otros. Por último, los capítulos cuarto y quinto se ocupan de la discusión conceptual. En este ámbito, se analizan los límites del principio de tolerancia, en especial, determinar si musulmanes, católicos, judíos, ateos, borrachos, libertinos y sodomitas debían considerarse excluidos de la tolerancia. Lo anterior se realiza mediante la discusión de literatura secundaria reciente. La memoria proporciona una interpretación amplia del principio de tolerancia defendido por el filósofo inglés, otorgándole vigencia a sus argumentos, de manera tal que ellos bien podrían disuadir a cualquiera en la actualidad a utilizar la fuerza por motivos religiosos o con el propósito de destruir formas de vida que se consideran peligrosas.