Zeitschriftenartikel: „Tolerance to biotic stress“

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Rauwane, Molemi, und Khayalethu Ntushelo. „Understanding Biotic Stress and Hormone Signalling in Cassava (Manihot esculenta): Potential for Using Hyphenated Analytical Techniques“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 22 (18.11.2020): 8152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228152.

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Biotic stresses often constitute major factors limiting global crop yields. A better understanding of plant responses to these stresses will facilitate efforts to improve stress tolerance and yields, especially in a climatically changing world. Numerous attempts have been made to confer tolerance/resistance to biotic stresses using both traditional and modern breeding methods. Mechanisms of biotic stress tolerance controlled by signalling networks and the analysis of genes controlling the yield and biotic stress tolerance are discussed. This review presents a report on the hormonal response of cassava to biotic stresses and the potential use of hyphenated analytical techniques to understand biotic stress hormonal responses. Hyphenated analytical techniques are reliable tools for understanding the response of cassava to biotic stresses, thereby accelerating the process of the development of biotic stress-tolerant/resistant genotypes for breeding purposes.

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Hamli, S., K. Kadi, I. Bekhouche, I. Harnane, D. Addad, A. Abdelmalek und N. Harrat. „Involvement of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in biotic stress tolerance in durum wheat“. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 2 (21.05.2023): 738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v12i2.15.

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The objective of our study is to implicate the mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stress by the synthesis of metabolites in tolerance to biotic stress. The extracted metabolites; proline, sugars and polyphenols from durum wheat seedlings subjected to heat shock (40 °C), used to test antifungal activity on two fungal strains, powdery mildew and penicillium, under controlled conditions. The boussellam variety is more tolerant of applied stress than the Ciccio and Vitron varieties. The concentration of the three osmolytes varies from one variety to another; it increases in genotypes stressed compared to controls. Antifungal activity results in the appearance of an inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with the studied extract. Sugars have proven to be a highly effective antifungal agent compared to proline and polyphenols with maximum values (28,33 ± 2 mm) in oidium and (29 ± 1 mm) in penicillium.

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Bhar, Anirban, und Amit Roy. „Emphasizing the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNA), Circular RNA (circRNA), and Micropeptides (miPs) in Plant Biotic Stress Tolerance“. Plants 12, Nr. 23 (23.11.2023): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12233951.

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Biotic stress tolerance in plants is complex as it relies solely on specific innate immune responses from different plant species combating diverse pathogens. Each component of the plant immune system is crucial to comprehend the molecular basis underlying sustainable resistance response. Among many other regulatory components, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as novel regulatory control switches in plant development and stress biology. Besides, miPs, the small peptides (100–150 amino acids long) encoded by some of the non-coding portions of the genome also turned out to be paramount regulators of plant stress. Although some studies have been performed in deciphering the role of miPs in abiotic stress tolerance, their function in regulating biotic stress tolerance is still largely elusive. Hence, the present review focuses on the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in combating biotic stress in plants. The probable role of miPs in plant–microbe interaction is also comprehensively highlighted. This review enhances our current understanding of plant lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miPs in biotic stress tolerance and raises intriguing questions worth following up.

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Marwal, Avinash, Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava und R. K. Gaur. „Improved plant tolerance to biotic stress for agronomic management“. Agrica 9, Nr. 2 (2020): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-448x.2020.00013.9.

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Tsaniklidis, Georgios, Polyxeni Pappi, Athanasios Tsafouros, Spyridoula N. Charova, Nikolaos Nikoloudakis, Petros A. Roussos, Konstantinos A. Paschalidis und Costas Delis. „Polyamine homeostasis in tomato biotic/abiotic stress cross-tolerance“. Gene 727 (Februar 2020): 144230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.144230.

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Kandpal, Geeta, und MK Nautiyal. „Silicon solubilizer confers biotic stress tolerance in rice genotypes“. International Journal of Agriculture and Nutrition 1, Nr. 2 (01.04.2019): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26646064.2019.v1.i2a.13.

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Wijerathna-Yapa, Akila, und Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage. „Tissue Culture—A Sustainable Approach to Explore Plant Stresses“. Life 13, Nr. 3 (14.03.2023): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030780.

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Plants are constantly faced with biotic or abiotic stress, which affects their growth and development. Yield reduction due to biotic and abiotic stresses on economically important crop species causes substantial economic loss at a global level. Breeding for stress tolerance to create elite and superior genotypes has been a common practice for many decades, and plant tissue culture can be an efficient and cost-effective method. Tissue culture is a valuable tool to develop stress tolerance, screen stress tolerance, and elucidate physiological and biochemical changes during stress. In vitro selection carried out under controlled environment conditions in confined spaces is highly effective and cheaper to maintain. This review emphasizes the relevance of plant tissue culture for screening major abiotic stresses, drought, and salinity, and the development of disease resistance. Further emphasis is given to screening metal hyperaccumulators and transgenic technological applications for stress tolerance.

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Huang, Li, Xiangjing Yin, Xiaomeng Sun, Jinhua Yang, Mohammad Rahman, Zhiping Chen und Xiping Wang. „Expression of a Grape VqSTS36-Increased Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis but Enhanced Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis and Tomato“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, Nr. 10 (30.09.2018): 2985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102985.

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Stilbene synthase genes make a contribution to improving the tolerances of biotic and abiotic stress in plants. However, the mechanisms mediated by these STS genes remain unclear. To provide insight into the role of STS genes defense against biotic and abiotic stress, we overexpressed VqSTS36 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Micro-Tom) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. VqSTS36-transformed Arabidopsis lines displayed an increased resistance to powdery mildew, but both VqSTS36-transformed Arabidopsis and tomato lines showed the increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. Besides, transgenic Arabidopsis lines were found to confer tolerance to salt and drought stress in seed and seedlings. When transgenic plants were treated with a different stress, qPCR assays of defense-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato suggested that VqSTS36 played a specific role in different phytohormone-related pathways, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. All of these results provided a better understanding of the mechanism behind the role of VqSTS36 in biotic and abiotic stress.

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Fan, Jibiao, Weihong Zhang, Erick Amombo, Longxing Hu, Johan Olav Kjorven und Liang Chen. „Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 4 (06.04.2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040522.

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Turfgrasses constitute a vital part of the landscape ecological systems for sports fields, golf courses, home lawns and parks. However, turfgrass species are affected by numerous abiotic stresses include salinity, heat, cold, drought, waterlogging and heavy metals and biotic stresses such as diseases and pests. Harsh environmental conditions may result in growth inhibition, damage in cell structure and metabolic dysfunction. Hence, to survive the capricious environment, turfgrass species have evolved various adaptive strategies. For example, they can expel phytotoxic matters; increase activities of stress response related enzymes and regulate expression of the genes. Simultaneously, some phytohormones and signal molecules can be exploited to improve the stress tolerance in turfgrass. Generally, the mechanisms of the adaptive strategies are integrated but not necessarily the same. Recently, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed plenty of stress response related metabolites, proteins and genes in turfgrass. Therefore, the regulation mechanism of turfgrass’s response to abiotic and biotic stresses was further understood. However, the specific or broad-spectrum related genes that may improve stress tolerance remain to be further identified. Understanding stress response in turfgrass species will contribute to improve stress tolerance of turfgrass.

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Berens, Matthias L., Katarzyna W. Wolinska, Stijn Spaepen, Jörg Ziegler, Tatsuya Nobori, Aswin Nair, Verena Krüler et al. „Balancing trade-offs between biotic and abiotic stress responses through leaf age-dependent variation in stress hormone cross-talk“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 6 (23.01.2019): 2364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817233116.

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In nature, plants must respond to multiple stresses simultaneously, which likely demands cross-talk between stress-response pathways to minimize fitness costs. Here we provide genetic evidence that biotic and abiotic stress responses are differentially prioritized inArabidopsis thalianaleaves of different ages to maintain growth and reproduction under combined biotic and abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses, such as high salinity and drought, blunted immune responses in older rosette leaves through the phytohormone abscisic acid signaling, whereas this antagonistic effect was blocked in younger rosette leaves byPBS3, a signaling component of the defense phytohormone salicylic acid. Plants lackingPBS3exhibited enhanced abiotic stress tolerance at the cost of decreased fitness under combined biotic and abiotic stresses. Together with this role,PBS3is also indispensable for the establishment of salt stress- and leaf age-dependent phyllosphere bacterial communities. Collectively, our work reveals a mechanism that balances trade-offs upon conflicting stresses at the organism level and identifies a genetic intersection among plant immunity, leaf microbiota, and abiotic stress tolerance.

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Shi, Haitao, Tiantian Ye, Ning Han, Hongwu Bian, Xiaodong Liu und Zhulong Chan. „Hydrogen sulfide regulates abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis“. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 57, Nr. 7 (13.01.2015): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12302.

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Betti, Federico, Maria José Ladera-Carmona, Pierdomenico Perata und Elena Loreti. „RNAi Mediated Hypoxia Stress Tolerance in Plants“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 24 (10.12.2020): 9394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249394.

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Small RNAs regulate various biological process involved in genome stability, development, and adaptive responses to biotic or abiotic stresses. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression that affect the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in plants and animals through RNA interference (RNAi). miRNAs are endogenous small RNAs that originate from the processing of non-coding primary miRNA transcripts folding into hairpin-like structures. The mature miRNAs are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and drive the Argonaute (AGO) proteins towards their mRNA targets. siRNAs are generated from a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of cellular or exogenous origin. siRNAs are also involved in the adaptive response to biotic or abiotic stresses. The response of plants to hypoxia includes a genome-wide transcription reprogramming. However, little is known about the involvement of RNA signaling in gene regulation under low oxygen availability. Interestingly, miRNAs have been shown to play a role in the responses to hypoxia in animals, and recent evidence suggests that hypoxia modulates the expression of various miRNAs in plant systems. In this review, we describe recent discoveries on the impact of RNAi on plant responses to hypoxic stress in plants.

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Kudapa, Himabindu, Abirami Ramalingam, Swapna Nayakoti, Xiaoping Chen, Wei-Jian Zhuang, Xuanqiang Liang, Guenter Kahl, David Edwards und Rajeev K. Varshney. „Functional genomics to study stress responses in crop legumes: progress and prospects“. Functional Plant Biology 40, Nr. 12 (2013): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13191.

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Legumes are important food crops worldwide, contributing to more than 33% of human dietary protein. The production of crop legumes is frequently impacted by abiotic and biotic stresses. It is therefore important to identify genes conferring resistance to biotic stresses and tolerance to abiotic stresses that can be used to both understand molecular mechanisms of plant response to the environment and to accelerate crop improvement. Recent advances in genomics offer a range of approaches such as the sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, gene expression microarray as well as RNA-seq based gene expression profiling, and map-based cloning for the identification and isolation of biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes in several crop legumes. These candidate stress associated genes should provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and ultimately help to develop legume varieties with improved stress tolerance and productivity under adverse conditions. This review provides an overview on recent advances in the functional genomics of crop legumes that includes the discovery as well as validation of candidate genes.

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Song, Weiyi, Hongbo Shao, Aizhen Zheng, Longfei Zhao und Yajun Xu. „Advances in Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Tolerance Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses“. Plants 12, Nr. 19 (04.10.2023): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193475.

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A multitude of biotic and abiotic stress factors do harm to plants by bringing about diseases and inhibiting normal growth and development. As a pivotal signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA) plays crucial roles in plant tolerance responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby maintaining plant normal growth and improving yields under stress. In view of this, this paper mainly discusses the role of SA in both biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. SA regulates the expression of genes involved in defense signaling pathways, thus enhancing plant immunity. In addition, SA mitigates the negative effects of abiotic stresses, and acts as a signaling molecule to induce the expression of stress-responsive genes and the synthesis of stress-related proteins. In addition, SA also improves certain yield-related photosynthetic indexes, thereby enhancing crop yield under stress. On the other hand, SA acts with other signaling molecules, such as jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, ethylene (ETH), and so on, in regulating plant growth and improving tolerance under stress. This paper reviews recent advances in SA’s roles in plant stress tolerance, so as to provide theoretical references for further studies concerning the decryption of molecular mechanisms for SA’s roles and the improvement of crop management under stress.

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Li, Xiaoying, Luyue Zhang, Xiaochun Wei, Tanusree Datta, Fang Wei und Zhengqing Xie. „Polyploidization: A Biological Force That Enhances Stress Resistance“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, Nr. 4 (06.02.2024): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041957.

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Organisms with three or more complete sets of chromosomes are designated as polyploids. Polyploidy serves as a crucial pathway in biological evolution and enriches species diversity, which is demonstrated to have significant advantages in coping with both biotic stressors (such as diseases and pests) and abiotic stressors (like extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity), particularly in the context of ongoing global climate deterioration, increased agrochemical use, and industrialization. Polyploid cultivars have been developed to achieve higher yields and improved product quality. Numerous studies have shown that polyploids exhibit substantial enhancements in cell size and structure, physiological and biochemical traits, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications compared to their diploid counterparts. However, some research also suggested that increased stress tolerance might not always be associated with polyploidy. Therefore, a more comprehensive and detailed investigation is essential to complete the underlying stress tolerance mechanisms of polyploids. Thus, this review summarizes the mechanism of polyploid formation, the polyploid biochemical tolerance mechanism of abiotic and biotic stressors, and molecular regulatory networks that confer polyploidy stress tolerance, which can shed light on the theoretical foundation for future research.

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ANSARI, Mahmood-ur, Tayyaba SHAHEEN, Shazia Anwer BUKHARI und Tayyab HUSNAIN. „Genetic improvement of rice for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance“. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 39 (2015): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1503-47.

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Lalotra, Shivani, Akhouri Hemantaranjan, Sanam Kumari und Bhudeo Rana Yashu. „Jasmonates: An Emerging Approach in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance“. Journal of Plant Science Research 36, Nr. 1–2 (09.11.2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2020.36.1-2.4.

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Limbalkar, Omkar M., Vijay K. Meena, Mandeep Singh und V. P. Sunilkumar. „Genetic Improvement of Wheat for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, Nr. 12 (10.12.2018): 1962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.226.

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Jain, Ritika, und Meenu Saraf. „EXPLORING THE ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF RHIZOBACTERA ISOLATED FROM CYAMOPSIS“. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 12, Nr. 03 (31.08.2021): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202112327.

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Agriculture plays a vital role for any economy primarily for developing and under developed economies. Increasing abiotic as well as biotic stresses adversely affects crop productivity across the world. Microorganisms inhabiting the Rhizospheric region of plant soil are known to play an important role in alleviating these stresses, thus enhancing crop productivity and yield. The present study was carried out to isolate the Rhizospheric bacteria from Cyamopsis showing potential to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. To carry out this, bacteria were isolated from Rhizospheric soil of Cyamopsis which were collected from different regions of Gujarat. These isolates were screened for tolerance to different abiotic stresses such as temperature, pH, salt and drought. Highly abiotic stress tolerant isolates were further tested for biotic stress against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Among the 80 bacterial isolates, best grown 30 cultures were tested for different abiotic stress. Four cultures i.e. MN40, KM1, KM6 and AK17 showing high tolerance to abiotic stresses were further investigated for biotic stress tolerance. Selected cultures were tested for their antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporium, Sclerotinum rolfissii and Trichoderma spp. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of all 4 selected bacterial strains were tested against different test organisms viz., Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus). Amongst the 4 selected bacterial strains, KM6 shows highest antagonistic activity.

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Masmoudi, Fatma, Mohammed Alsafran, Hareb AL Jabri, Hoda Hosseini, Mohammed Trigui, Sami Sayadi, Slim Tounsi und Imen Saadaoui. „Halobacteria-Based Biofertilizers: A Promising Alternative for Enhancing Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses—A Review“. Microorganisms 11, Nr. 5 (09.05.2023): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051248.

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Abiotic and biotic stresses such as salt stress and fungal infections significantly affect plant growth and productivity, leading to reduced crop yield. Traditional methods of managing stress factors, such as developing resistant varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, have shown limited success in the presence of combined biotic and abiotic stress factors. Halotolerant bacteria found in saline environments have potential as plant promoters under stressful conditions. These microorganisms produce bioactive molecules and plant growth regulators, making them a promising agent for enhancing soil fertility, improving plant resistance to adversities, and increasing crop production. This review highlights the capability of plant-growth-promoting halobacteria (PGPH) to stimulate plant growth in non-saline conditions, strengthen plant tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and sustain soil fertility. The major attempted points are: (i) the various abiotic and biotic challenges that limit agriculture sustainability and food safety, (ii) the mechanisms employed by PGPH to promote plant tolerance and resistance to both biotic and abiotic stressors, (iii) the important role played by PGPH in the recovery and remediation of agricultural affected soils, and (iv) the concerns and limitations of using PGHB as an innovative approach to boost crop production and food security.

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Hura, Tomasz. „Wheat and Barley: Acclimatization to Abiotic and Biotic Stress“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 19 (08.10.2020): 7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197423.

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Twelve articles (ten research papers and two reviews) included in the Special Issue entitled “Wheat and Barley: Acclimatization to Abiotic and Biotic Stress” are summed up here to present the latest research on the molecular background of adaptation to environmental stresses in two cereal species. Crucial research results were presented and discussed, as they may be of importance in breeding aimed at increasing wheat and barley tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

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Zhuang, Wei-Bing, Yu-Hang Li, Xiao-Chun Shu, Yu-Ting Pu, Xiao-Jing Wang, Tao Wang und Zhong Wang. „The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses“. Molecules 28, Nr. 8 (20.04.2023): 3599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083599.

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With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.

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Baillo, Kimotho, Zhang und Xu. „Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance and Their Potential for Crops Improvement“. Genes 10, Nr. 10 (30.09.2019): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10100771.

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In field conditions, crops are adversely affected by a wide range of abiotic stresses including drought, cold, salt, and heat, as well as biotic stresses including pests and pathogens. These stresses can have a marked effect on crop yield. The present and future effects of climate change necessitate the improvement of crop stress tolerance. Plants have evolved sophisticated stress response strategies, and genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) that are master regulators of stress-responsive genes are excellent candidates for crop improvement. Related examples in recent studies include TF gene modulation and overexpression approaches in crop species to enhance stress tolerance. However, much remains to be discovered about the diverse plant TFs. Of the >80 TF families, only a few, such as NAC, MYB, WRKY, bZIP, and ERF/DREB, with vital roles in abiotic and biotic stress responses have been intensively studied. Moreover, although significant progress has been made in deciphering the roles of TFs in important cereal crops, fewer TF genes have been elucidated in sorghum. As a model drought-tolerant crop, sorghum research warrants further focus. This review summarizes recent progress on major TF families associated with abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and their potential for crop improvement, particularly in sorghum. Other TF families and non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression are discussed briefly. Despite the emphasis on sorghum, numerous examples from wheat, rice, maize, and barley are included. Collectively, the aim of this review is to illustrate the potential application of TF genes for stress tolerance improvement and the engineering of resistant crops, with an emphasis on sorghum.

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Boutet, Gilles, Clément Lavaud, Angélique Lesné, Henri Miteul, Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Didier Andrivon, Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut und Alain Baranger. „Five Regions of the Pea Genome Co-Control Partial Resistance to D. pinodes, Tolerance to Frost, and Some Architectural or Phenological Traits“. Genes 14, Nr. 7 (04.07.2023): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14071399.

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Evidence for reciprocal links between plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses and architectural and developmental traits has been raised using approaches based on epidemiology, physiology, or genetics. Winter pea has been selected for years for many agronomic traits contributing to yield, taking into account architectural or phenological traits such as height or flowering date. It remains nevertheless particularly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, among which Didymella pinodes and frost are leading examples. The purpose of this study was to identify and resize QTL localizations that control partial resistance to D. pinodes, tolerance to frost, and architectural or phenological traits on pea dense genetic maps, considering how QTL colocalizations may impact future winter pea breeding. QTL analysis revealed five metaQTLs distributed over three linkage groups contributing to both D. pinodes disease severity and frost tolerance. At these loci, the haplotypes of alleles increasing both partial resistance to D. pinodes and frost tolerance also delayed the flowering date, increased the number of branches, and/or decreased the stipule length. These results question both the underlying mechanisms of the joint control of biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and plant architecture and phenology and the methods of marker-assisted selection optimizing stress control and productivity in winter pea breeding.

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Moustafa-Farag, Mohamed, Abdulwareth Almoneafy, Ahmed Mahmoud, Amr Elkelish, Marino B. Arnao, Linfeng Li und Shaoying Ai. „Melatonin and Its Protective Role against Biotic Stress Impacts on Plants“. Biomolecules 10, Nr. 1 (28.12.2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010054.

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Biotic stress causes immense damage to agricultural products worldwide and raises the risk of hunger in many areas. Plants themselves tolerate biotic stresses via several pathways, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which trigger immunity and plant resistance (R) proteins. On the other hand, humans use several non-ecofriendly methods to control biotic stresses, such as chemical applications. Compared with chemical control, melatonin is an ecofriendly compound that is an economical alternative strategy which can be used to protect animals and plants from attacks via pathogens. In plants, the bactericidal capacity of melatonin was verified against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and -positive bacteria under in vitro conditions. Regarding plant–bacteria interaction, melatonin has presented effective antibacterial activities against phytobacterial pathogens. In plant–fungi interaction models, melatonin was found to play a key role in plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea, to increase fungicide susceptibility, and to reduce the stress tolerance of Phytophthora infestans. In plant–virus interaction models, melatonin not only efficiently eradicated apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) from apple shoots in vitro (making it useful for the production of virus-free plants) but also reduced tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) viral RNA and virus concentration in infected Nicotiana glutinosa and Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Indeed, melatonin has unique advantages in plant growth regulation and increasing plant resistance effectiveness against different forms of biotic and abiotic stress. Although considerable work has been done regarding the role of melatonin in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, its role in biotic stress remains unclear and requires clarification. In our review, we summarize the work that has been accomplished so far; highlight melatonin’s function in plant tolerance to pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi; and determine the direction required for future studies on this topic.

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Forster, B. P. „Genetic engineering for stress tolerance in the Triticeae“. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 99, Nr. 3-4 (1992): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005522.

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SynopsisGenetic variation within a crop species is often limited and restricts improvement by conventional breeding methods. This is particularly true for environmental stresses, both biotic and abiotic. Wild relatives of crop plants, however, provide a rich source of novel variation which can be introduced into the crop. Many alien genes for biotic stress resistance have already been introduced into crops; in contrast, the genetic control of abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. Genetic engineering of abiotic stress tolerance in the Triticeae is the main subject discussed here with particular reference to salt tolerance in wheat and barley. Methods of alien gene transfer, including locating tolerance genes and restructuring chromosomes, are described. One of the major limitations in transferring genes for stress tolerance is the lack of good tests for resistance or tolerance which is largely due to the fact the physiological mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Genetic markers provide a new opportunity of detecting chromosome segments carrying desired genes easily and efficiently, and these will become increasingly important as the genetic maps of crop species are expanded. Although many stress genes have been located to specific chromosomes, and some have been mapped intra-chromosomally and their dominance relations determined, there is a great lack of knowledge of the control of these genes at the molecular level. Molecular studies of this type are difficult, but it is anticipated that the limitations will be overcome in the near future.

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Lukács, A., G. Pártay, T. Németh, S. Csorba und C. Farkas. „Drought stress tolerance of two wheat genotypes“. Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (30.06.2008): S95—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2008-swr.

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Biotic and abiotic stress effects can limit the productivity of plants to great extent. In Hungary, drought is one of the most important constrains of biomass production, even at the present climatic conditions. The climate change scenarios, developed for the Carpathian basin for the nearest future predict further decrease in surface water resources. Consequently, it is essential to develop drought stress tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure sustainable and productive wheat production under changed climate conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the stress tolerance of two winter wheat genotypes at two different scales. Soil water regime and development of plants, grown in a pot experiment and in large undisturbed soil columns were evaluated. The pot experiments were carried out in a climatic room in three replicates. GK Élet wheat genotype was planted in six, and Mv Emese in other six pots. Two pots were left without plant for evaporation studies. Based on the mass of the soil columns without plant the evaporation from the bare soil surface was calculated in order to distinguish the evaporation and the transpiration with appropriate precision. A complex stress diagnosis system was developed to monitor the water balance elements. ECH<sub>2</sub>O type capacitive soil moisture probes were installed in each of the pots to perform soil water content measurements four times a day. The irrigation demand was determined according to the hydrolimits, derived from soil hydrophysical properties. In case of both genotypes three plants were provided with the optimum water supply, while the other three ones were drought-stressed. In the undisturbed soil columns, the same wheat genotypes were sawn in one replicate. Similar watering strategy was applied. TDR soil moisture probes were installed in the soil at various depths to monitor changes in soil water content. In order to study the drought stress reaction of the wheat plants, microsensors of 1.6 mm diameter were implanted into the stems and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for gas analysis. The stress status was indicated in the plants grown on partly non-irrigated soil columns by the lower CO<sub>2</sub> level at both genotypes. It was concluded that the developed stress diagnosis system could be used for soil water balance elements calculations. This enables more precise estimation of plant water consumption in order to evaluate the drought sensitivity of different wheat genotypes.

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Chen, Yudong, Shuai Yang, Jiaxuan Li, Kesu Wei und Long Yang. „NRD: Nicotiana Resistance Database, a Comprehensive Platform of Stress Tolerance in Nicotiana“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 2 (17.02.2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020508.

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Nicotiana is one of the most important economic crops and model plants; however, its growth is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 27,142 potential resistance genes were identified in six Nicotiana species, belonging to fourteen gene families and transcription factors related to stress resistance. The results indicate that Nicotiana has a potential abundance resistance background to biotic and abiotic stress, and these genes could be used in resistance breeding in the future. Analyzing the genome sequences of 19 pathogens, 5,421,414 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and 1958 Simple Sequence Repeats of pathogens have been obtained. The abundance loci show that the biotic pathogens have a high variability and biodiversity. An open-access database, named the Nicotiana Resistance Database (NRD), has been developed as a user-friendly resistance research platform for Nicotiana. The platform provides theoretical and technical support for the resistance research, including the cultivation of resistant varieties, and the genetics and breeding of Nicotiana and relative species.

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ul Haq, Khan, Ali, Khattak, Gai, Zhang, Wei und Gong. „Heat Shock Proteins: Dynamic Biomolecules to Counter Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, Nr. 21 (25.10.2019): 5321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215321.

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Due to the present scenario of climate change, plants have to evolve strategies to survive and perform under a plethora of biotic and abiotic stresses, which restrict plant productivity. Maintenance of plant protein functional conformation and preventing non-native proteins from aggregation, which leads to metabolic disruption, are of prime importance. Plant heat shock proteins (HSPs), as chaperones, play a pivotal role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, HSP also enhances membrane stability and detoxifies the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by positively regulating the antioxidant enzymes system. Additionally, it uses ROS as a signal to molecules to induce HSP production. HSP also enhances plant immunity by the accumulation and stability of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins under various biotic stresses. Thus, to unravel the entire plant defense system, the role of HSPs are discussed with a special focus on plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which will be helpful in the development of stress tolerance in plant crops.

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Shelp, Barry J., Morteza Soleimani Aghdam und Edward J. Flaherty. „γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities“. Plants 10, Nr. 9 (17.09.2021): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091939.

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Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.

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Al-Khayri, Jameel M., Ramakrishnan Rashmi, Varsha Toppo, Pranjali Bajrang Chole, Akshatha Banadka, Wudali Narasimha Sudheer, Praveen Nagella et al. „Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management“. Metabolites 13, Nr. 6 (31.05.2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060716.

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The rise in global temperature also favors the multiplication of pests and pathogens, which calls into question global food security. Plants have developed special coping mechanisms since they are sessile and lack an immune system. These mechanisms use a variety of secondary metabolites as weapons to avoid obstacles, adapt to their changing environment, and survive in less-than-ideal circumstances. Plant secondary metabolites include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids, which are stored in specialized structures such as latex, trichomes, resin ducts, etc. Secondary metabolites help the plants to be safe from biotic stressors, either by repelling them or attracting their enemies, or exerting toxic effects on them. Modern omics technologies enable the elucidation of the structural and functional properties of these metabolites along with their biosynthesis. A better understanding of the enzymatic regulations and molecular mechanisms aids in the exploitation of secondary metabolites in modern pest management approaches such as biopesticides and integrated pest management. The current review provides an overview of the major plant secondary metabolites that play significant roles in enhancing biotic stress tolerance. It examines their involvement in both indirect and direct defense mechanisms, as well as their storage within plant tissues. Additionally, this review explores the importance of metabolomics approaches in elucidating the significance of secondary metabolites in biotic stress tolerance. The application of metabolic engineering in breeding for biotic stress resistance is discussed, along with the exploitation of secondary metabolites for sustainable pest management.

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Kovács, V., G. Vida, G. Szalai, T. Janda und M. Pál. „Relationship between biotic stress tolerance and protective compounds in wheat genotypes“. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, Nr. 2 (01.06.2012): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.2.4.

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Large numbers of wheat genotypes were grown under field conditions and screened for biotic stress tolerance and certain protective compounds. It was found that both the salicylic acid and polyamine contents of the investigated genotypes varied over a wide range, while the antioxidant enzyme activities showed a similar pattern in the different genotypes. In order to investigate stress-induced changes in salicylic acid and polyamine contents, samples were collected from plants artificially inoculated with leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), on which natural powdery mildew [Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal] infection also appeared. Biotic stress mostly resulted in elevated levels of total salicylic acid and polyamines in all the genotypes. The activities of various antioxidant enzymes showed similar changes after infection regardless of the genotype. The investigation was aimed at detecting a relationship between the level of stress tolerance and the contents of protective compounds, in particular salicylic acid and polyamines.

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Saad, Rania Ben, Walid Ben Romdhane, Anis Ben Hsouna, Wafa Mihoubi, Marwa Harbaoui und Faiçal Brini. „Insights into plant annexins function in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance“. Plant Signaling & Behavior 15, Nr. 1 (10.12.2019): 1699264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2019.1699264.

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Hussain, Syed Sarfraz, Muhammad Ali, Maqbool Ahmad und Kadambot H. M. Siddique. „Polyamines: Natural and engineered abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants“. Biotechnology Advances 29, Nr. 3 (Mai 2011): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.003.

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Saxena, Amrita, Richa Raghuwanshi und Harikesh Bahadur Singh. „Trichodermaspecies mediated differential tolerance against biotic stress of phytopathogens inCicer arietinumL.“ Journal of Basic Microbiology 55, Nr. 2 (10.09.2014): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201400317.

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Williams, Alex, Jingfang Hao, Moaed Al Meselmani, Rosine De Paepe, Bertrand Gakiere und Pierre Petriacq. „Mitochondrial Complex 1is Important for Plant Tolerance to Fungal Biotic Stress“. Annals of Ecology and Environmental Science 1, Nr. 1 (2017): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2637-5338.0101002.

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Huang, Zhuo, Han-Du Guo, Ling Liu, Si-Han Jin, Pei-Lei Zhu, Ya-Ping Zhang und Cai-Zhong Jiang. „Heterologous Expression of Dehydration-Inducible MfWRKY17 of Myrothamnus Flabellifolia Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 13 (29.06.2020): 4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134603.

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As the only woody resurrection plant, Myrothamnus flabellifolia has a strong tolerance to drought and can survive long-term in a desiccated environment. However, the molecular mechanisms related to the stress tolerance of M. flabellifolia are largely unknown, and few tolerance-related genes previously identified had been functionally characterized. WRKYs are a group of unique and complex plant transcription factors, and have reported functions in diverse biological processes, especially in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerances, in various species. However, little is known about their roles in response to abiotic stresses in M. flabellifolia. In this study, we characterized a dehydration-inducible WRKY transcription factor gene, MfWRKY17, from M. flabellifolia. MfWRKY17 shows high degree of homology with genes from Vitis vinifera and Vitis pseudoreticulata, belonging to group II of the WRKY family. Unlike known WRKY17s in other organisms acting as negative regulators in biotic or abiotic stress responses, overexpression of MfWRKY17 in Arabidopsis significantly increased drought and salt tolerance. Further investigations indicated that MfWRKY17 participated in increasing water retention, maintaining chlorophyll content, and regulating ABA biosynthesis and stress-related gene expression. These results suggest that MfWRKY17 possibly acts as a positive regulator of stress tolerance in the resurrection plant M. flabellifolia.

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RAZA, A. „GENETIC BASIS OF STRESS TOLERANCE IN RICE“. Biological and Agricultural Sciences Research Journal 2022, Nr. 1 (15.10.2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/basrj.v2022i1.5.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential diet for almost 50% of the global population. Rice harvests are vulnerable to a variety of living and non-living stresses. Pest insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and herbicide toxicity are a few examples of biotic stressors. Drought, cold, and salinity are three abiotic conditions that rice has also been extensively affected. Several genes have been discovered, cloned, and described to counteract these challenges and safeguard rice crops. Transgenic plants are created by successfully introducing the identified genes into rice plants. Rice crop improvement is significantly impacted by genetic engineering. This review article discusses the increased rice quality features tolerating living and non-living stress. This review's goal is to give readers a summary of recent advancements in rice biotechnology research and development.

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Goodwin, Paul H., und Madison A. Best. „Ginsenosides and Biotic Stress Responses of Ginseng“. Plants 12, Nr. 5 (01.03.2023): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051091.

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Ginsenosides are saponins that possess a sugar moiety attached to a hydrophobic aglycone triterpenoid. They have been widely studied for their various medicinal benefits, such as their neuroprotective and anti-cancer activities, but their role in the biology of ginseng plants has been much less widely documented. In the wild, ginsengs are slow-growing perennials with roots that can survive for approximately 30 years; thus, they need to defend themselves against many potential biotic stresses over many decades. Biotic stresses would be a major natural selection pressure and may at least partially explain why ginseng roots expend considerable resources in order to accumulate relatively large amounts of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides may provide ginseng with antimicrobial activity against pathogens, antifeedant activity against insects and other herbivores, and allelopathic activity against other plants. In addition, the interaction of ginseng with pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms and their elicitors may trigger increases in different root ginsenosides and associated gene expression, although some pathogens may be able to suppress this behavior. While not covered in this review, ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance. This review shows that there is considerable evidence supporting ginsenosides as important elements of ginseng’s defense against a variety of biotic stresses.

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Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, und Masayuki Fujita. „Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 21 (30.10.2023): 15740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115740.

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Nakai, Yusuke, Sumire Fujiwara, Yasuyuki Kubo und Masa H. Sato. „Overexpression of VOZ2 confers biotic stress tolerance but decreases abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis“. Plant Signaling & Behavior 8, Nr. 3 (März 2013): e23358. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.23358.

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Janaki Ramayya, Perumalla, Vishnu Prasanth Vinukonda, Uma Maheshwar Singh, Shamshad Alam, Challa Venkateshwarlu, Abhilash Kumar Vipparla, Shilpi Dixit et al. „Marker-assisted forward and backcross breeding for improvement of elite Indian rice variety Naveen for multiple biotic and abiotic stress tolerance“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 9 (02.09.2021): e0256721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256721.

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The elite Indian rice variety, Naveen is highly susceptible to major biotic and abiotic stresses such as blast, bacterial blight (BB), gall midge (GM) and drought which limit its productivity in rainfed areas. In the present study, a combined approach of marker-assisted forward (MAFB) and back cross (MABC) breeding was followed to introgress three major genes, viz., Pi9 for blast, Xa21 for bacterial blight (BB), and Gm8 for gall midge (GM) and three major QTLs, viz., qDTY1.1, qDTY2.2 and qDTY4.1 conferring increased yield under drought in the background of Naveen. At each stage of advancement, gene-based/linked markers were used for the foreground selection of biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes/QTLs. Intensive phenotype-based selections were performed in the field for identification of lines with high level of resistance against blast, BB, GM and drought tolerance without yield penalty under non-stress situation. A set of 8 MAFB lines and 12 MABC lines with 3 to 6 genes/QTLs and possessing resistance/tolerance against biotic stresses and reproductive stage drought stress with better yield performance compared to Naveen were developed. Lines developed through combined MAFB and MABC performed better than lines developed only through MAFB. This study exemplifies the utility of the combined approach of marker-assisted forward and backcrosses breeding for targeted improvement of multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance in the background of popular mega varieties.

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Rhouma, Abdelhak, Lobna Hajji-Hedfi, Okon Godwin Okon und Hasadiah Okon Bassey. „Investigating the effectiveness of endophytic fungi under biotic and abiotic agricultural stress conditions“. JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 6, Nr. 01 (21.04.2024): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.122024.

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Endophytic fungi play crucial roles in promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance, making them valuable allies in agriculture. This reviewer explores the advantageous roles and implications of endophytic fungi in plant stress tolerance, focusing on hormonal regulation, nutrient uptake, and their management of various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic fungi influence the production of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins; thus, contributing to enhanced growth and stress resilience. They also assist in nutrient uptake, solubilizing minerals, and fixing atmospheric nitrogen; thereby improving overall plant nutrition. This reviewer discusses the mechanism of endophytic fungi’s effectiveness in managing biotic and abiotic stresses, including; high CO2 levels, waterlogging/drought, salinity, high temperatures, salinity, heavy metal stress as well as plant pathogens and parasitic attacks. Furthermore, the bio-control capabilities of endophytic fungi against biotic stresses are highlighted, showcasing mechanisms such as induced resistance, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition. The biological activities of recently isolated compounds and associated endophytic fungi are also discussed. Thus, as research in this field progresses, harnessing the full potential of endophytic fungi holds promise for promoting resilient and sustainable agriculture in the face of changing environmental conditions.

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Roy, Subhas Chandra. „Genetic Resources of Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon) for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Traits“. NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 13, Nr. 1 (2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2021.v13i01.003.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food crop of the world; nearly half of the global population depend on it for majority of their dietary intake. Many stresses (biotic and abiotic) have critically affected rice production throughout the world due to global warming, changing climatic conditions and in addition non-durability of biotic resistance gene(s) incorporated into cultivars. Yield increase is not as per the required rate and becomes yield rate is in stagnation. Primary reason of yield stagnation is due to the narrow genetic base in the released varieties. Minimum number of parental lines were utilised to develop new crop varieties which ultimately leads to narrow genetic base. The narrow genetic base in the improved varieties is going to be a main bottleneck for crop improvement program which shield the yield increase. Genetic bottleneck during domestication causes erosion of the genetic diversity in the well adapted cultivars which leads to yield stagnation. Yield plateaus can be surmount through genetic gain by combining the yield related genes/QTLs from different genetic resources of rice germplasm both from local landraces (CLR) and crop wild relatives (CWR). Wild species are the reservoir of genetic diversity with wide adaptability and tolerance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. It is utmost necessary to characterize and conserve rice germplasm for evaluation and effective use of the genetic diversity prevailed in the rice gene pool. Genetic variability in respect to biotic/abiotic resistance is inadequate in the genetic resources of cultivated rice; however, these traits specific genes are available in the unexplored wild species of Oryza which are considered as rich source of agronomically important traits including biotic/abiotic traits. Therefore, breeders are trying to identify and transfer of these valuable genes from wild Oryza species to improve varieties through pre-breeding method and with the assistance of molecular breeding technology.

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Albacete, Alfonso. „Get Together: The Interaction between Melatonin and Salicylic Acid as a Strategy to Improve Plant Stress Tolerance“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 10 (28.09.2020): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101486.

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Both melatonin and salicylic acid (SA) have been demonstrated to play multiple functions in plant physiological processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses. So far, these regulatory molecules have been separately studied despite sharing a common biosynthetic precursor and their similar physiological actions and stress regulation signals. The review published in Agronomy by Hernández-Ruiz and Arnao entitled “Relationship of melatonin and salicylic acid in biotic/abiotic stress responses” highlights the coincidences and similarities of both regulatory molecules via a thorough literature search and proposes an action model for their interaction in plant stress responses. Despite the undeniable interest and potential impact of this view, it has been focused only on coincident regulatory aspects of SA and melatonin, and the antioxidant-mediated model of interaction that has been proposed is rather speculative and needs to be mechanistically demonstrated. Nevertheless, the mentioned review leads to future research on the melatonin-SA crosstalk to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, which is of utmost importance to ensure food production in the actual age of pandemics and for the upcoming climate crisis scenario.

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Xiang, Xiang-Ying, Jia Chen, Wen-Xin Xu, Jia-Rui Qiu, Li Song, Jia-Tong Wang, Rong Tang, Duoer Chen, Cai-Zhong Jiang und Zhuo Huang. „Dehydration-Induced WRKY Transcriptional Factor MfWRKY70 of Myrothamnus flabellifolia Enhanced Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis“. Biomolecules 11, Nr. 2 (22.02.2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020327.

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The resurrection plants Myrothamnus flabellifolia can survive long term severe drought and desiccation conditions and soon recover after rewatering. However, few genes related to such excellent drought tolerance and underlying molecular mechanism have been excavated. WRKY transcription factors play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stress signaling, in which WRKY70 functions as a positive regulator in biotic stress response but a negative regulator in abiotic stress signaling in Arabidopsis and some other plant species. In the present study, the functions of a dehydration-induced MfWRKY70 of M. flabellifolia participating was investigated in the model plant Arabidopsis. Our results indicated that MfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus and could significantly increase tolerance to drought, osmotic, and salinity stresses by promoting root growth and water retention, as well as enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system and maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and membrane-lipid stability under stressful conditions. Moreover, the expression of stress-associated genes (P5CS, NCED3 and RD29A) was positively regulated in the overexpression of MfWRKY70 Arabidopsis. We proposed that MfWRKY70 may function as a positive regulator for abiotic stress responses and can be considered as a potential gene for improvement of drought and salinity tolerance in plants.

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Barna, Balázs. „Manipulation of Senescence of Plants to Improve Biotic Stress Resistance“. Life 12, Nr. 10 (26.09.2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12101496.

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The physiological state, i.e., senescence or juvenility, of plants and plant organs can have strong effect on their reactions to pathogen attacks. This effect is mainly expressed as changes in the severity of disease symptoms. Generally, necrotrophic pathogens cause more severe symptoms on senescent than on juvenile plants, while biotrophs prefer juvenile tissues. Several factors of senescence have opposite effect on the two pathogen groups, such as decreased photosynthesis, decreased antioxidant capacity, remobilization of nutrients, changes in plant hormonal network, and in fluidity of cell membranes. Furthermore, senescent tissues are less tolerant to toxins and to cell-wall-degrading enzymes. On the other hand, pathogen infection itself has significant effect on the physiology of plants depending on the lifestyle of the pathogen and on the compatibility or incompatibility of the interaction with the plant. There are several possibilities to manipulate the physiological state of plants in order to improve their biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, such as removal of the terminal bud or high doses of nitrogen, external application of cytokinins or of inhibitors of ethylene action, as well as by spontaneous or directed mutation, in vitro selection, or manipulation by various transgenic approach. Even application of mycorrhiza can inhibit the senescence process of plants and improve their tolerance to stresses.

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Du, Shuyuan, Chundi Yu, Lin Tang und Lixia Lu. „Applications of SERS in the Detection of Stress-Related Substances“. Nanomaterials 8, Nr. 10 (25.09.2018): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100757.

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A wide variety of biotic and abiotic stresses continually attack plants and animals, which adversely affect their growth, development, reproduction, and yield realization. To survive under stress conditions, highly sophisticated and efficient tolerance mechanisms have been evolved to adapt to stresses, which consist of the variation of effector molecules playing vital roles in physiological regulation. The development of a sensitive, facile, and rapid analytical methods for stress factors and effector molecules detection is significant for gaining deeper insight into the tolerance mechanisms. As a nondestructive analysis technique, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has unique advantages regarding its biosensing applications. It not only provides specific fingerprint spectra of the target molecules, conformation, and structure, but also has universal capacity for simultaneous detection and imaging of targets owing to the narrow width of the Raman vibrational bands. Herein, recent progress on biotic and abiotic stresses, tolerance mechanisms and effector molecules is summarized. Moreover, the development and promising future trends of SERS detection for stress-related substances combined with nanomaterials as substrates and SERS tags are discussed. This comprehensive and critical review might shed light on a new perspective for SERS applications.

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Finkelshtein, Alin, Hala Khamesa-Israelov und Daniel A. Chamovitz. „Overexpression of S30 Ribosomal Protein Leads to Transcriptional and Metabolic Changes That Affect Plant Development and Responses to Stress“. Biomolecules 14, Nr. 3 (07.03.2024): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14030319.

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ICT1 is an Arabidopsis thaliana line that overexpresses the gene encoding the S30 ribosomal subunit, leading to tolerance to exogenous indole-3-carbinol. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a protective chemical formed as a breakdown of I3M in cruciferous vegetables. The overexpression of S30 in ICT1 results in transcriptional changes that prime the plant for the I3C, or biotic insult. Emerging evidence suggests that ribosomal proteins play important extra-ribosomal roles in various biochemical and developmental processes, such as transcription and stress resistance. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism leading to I3C and stress resistance in ICT1, and using a multi-pronged approach employing transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and physiological studies, we show that overexpression of S30 leads to specific transcriptional alterations, which lead to both changes in metabolites connected to biotic and oxidative stress tolerance and, surprisingly, to photomorphogenesis.

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Silva, Joana, Susana de Sousa Araújo, Hélia Sales, Rita Pontes und João Nunes. „Quercus suber L. Genetic Resources: Variability and Strategies for Its Conservation“. Forests 14, Nr. 9 (21.09.2023): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091925.

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Quercus suber L. is an evergreen cork oak tree that can produce cork, one of the most important valuable natural bioresources in Portugal, with a high impact for the bioeconomy. Given its socio-economic relevance and the upcoming biotic and abiotic threats cork oak faces, it is of extreme importance that genetic conservation of its genetic variability occurs so that cork oaks can adapt to new conditions. This work represents a review of the current knowledge on Quercus suber genetic resources, focusing on the existing genetic variability and the strategies for its conservation. Furthermore, we highlight genetic knowledge on tolerance and response to abiotic and biotic stresses and cork quality, which are useful for further studies on stress response pathways and mechanisms and improvement regarding stress tolerance.

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Tolerance to biotic stress“

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