Thematische Bibliographien / Tolerance to biotic stress

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  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Tolerance to biotic stress“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Tolerance to biotic stress"

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Rauwane, Molemi, und Khayalethu Ntushelo. „Understanding Biotic Stress and Hormone Signalling in Cassava (Manihot esculenta): Potential for Using Hyphenated Analytical Techniques“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 22 (18.11.2020): 8152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228152.

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Biotic stresses often constitute major factors limiting global crop yields. A better understanding of plant responses to these stresses will facilitate efforts to improve stress tolerance and yields, especially in a climatically changing world. Numerous attempts have been made to confer tolerance/resistance to biotic stresses using both traditional and modern breeding methods. Mechanisms of biotic stress tolerance controlled by signalling networks and the analysis of genes controlling the yield and biotic stress tolerance are discussed. This review presents a report on the hormonal response of cassava to biotic stresses and the potential use of hyphenated analytical techniques to understand biotic stress hormonal responses. Hyphenated analytical techniques are reliable tools for understanding the response of cassava to biotic stresses, thereby accelerating the process of the development of biotic stress-tolerant/resistant genotypes for breeding purposes.
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Hamli, S., K. Kadi, I. Bekhouche, I. Harnane, D. Addad, A. Abdelmalek und N. Harrat. „Involvement of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in biotic stress tolerance in durum wheat“. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 2 (21.05.2023): 738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v12i2.15.

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The objective of our study is to implicate the mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stress by the synthesis of metabolites in tolerance to biotic stress. The extracted metabolites; proline, sugars and polyphenols from durum wheat seedlings subjected to heat shock (40 °C), used to test antifungal activity on two fungal strains, powdery mildew and penicillium, under controlled conditions. The boussellam variety is more tolerant of applied stress than the Ciccio and Vitron varieties. The concentration of the three osmolytes varies from one variety to another; it increases in genotypes stressed compared to controls. Antifungal activity results in the appearance of an inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with the studied extract. Sugars have proven to be a highly effective antifungal agent compared to proline and polyphenols with maximum values (28,33 ± 2 mm) in oidium and (29 ± 1 mm) in penicillium.
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Bhar, Anirban, und Amit Roy. „Emphasizing the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNA), Circular RNA (circRNA), and Micropeptides (miPs) in Plant Biotic Stress Tolerance“. Plants 12, Nr. 23 (23.11.2023): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12233951.

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Biotic stress tolerance in plants is complex as it relies solely on specific innate immune responses from different plant species combating diverse pathogens. Each component of the plant immune system is crucial to comprehend the molecular basis underlying sustainable resistance response. Among many other regulatory components, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as novel regulatory control switches in plant development and stress biology. Besides, miPs, the small peptides (100–150 amino acids long) encoded by some of the non-coding portions of the genome also turned out to be paramount regulators of plant stress. Although some studies have been performed in deciphering the role of miPs in abiotic stress tolerance, their function in regulating biotic stress tolerance is still largely elusive. Hence, the present review focuses on the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in combating biotic stress in plants. The probable role of miPs in plant–microbe interaction is also comprehensively highlighted. This review enhances our current understanding of plant lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miPs in biotic stress tolerance and raises intriguing questions worth following up.
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Marwal, Avinash, Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava und R. K. Gaur. „Improved plant tolerance to biotic stress for agronomic management“. Agrica 9, Nr. 2 (2020): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-448x.2020.00013.9.

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Tsaniklidis, Georgios, Polyxeni Pappi, Athanasios Tsafouros, Spyridoula N. Charova, Nikolaos Nikoloudakis, Petros A. Roussos, Konstantinos A. Paschalidis und Costas Delis. „Polyamine homeostasis in tomato biotic/abiotic stress cross-tolerance“. Gene 727 (Februar 2020): 144230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.144230.

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Kandpal, Geeta, und MK Nautiyal. „Silicon solubilizer confers biotic stress tolerance in rice genotypes“. International Journal of Agriculture and Nutrition 1, Nr. 2 (01.04.2019): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26646064.2019.v1.i2a.13.

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Wijerathna-Yapa, Akila, und Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage. „Tissue Culture—A Sustainable Approach to Explore Plant Stresses“. Life 13, Nr. 3 (14.03.2023): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030780.

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Plants are constantly faced with biotic or abiotic stress, which affects their growth and development. Yield reduction due to biotic and abiotic stresses on economically important crop species causes substantial economic loss at a global level. Breeding for stress tolerance to create elite and superior genotypes has been a common practice for many decades, and plant tissue culture can be an efficient and cost-effective method. Tissue culture is a valuable tool to develop stress tolerance, screen stress tolerance, and elucidate physiological and biochemical changes during stress. In vitro selection carried out under controlled environment conditions in confined spaces is highly effective and cheaper to maintain. This review emphasizes the relevance of plant tissue culture for screening major abiotic stresses, drought, and salinity, and the development of disease resistance. Further emphasis is given to screening metal hyperaccumulators and transgenic technological applications for stress tolerance.
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Huang, Li, Xiangjing Yin, Xiaomeng Sun, Jinhua Yang, Mohammad Rahman, Zhiping Chen und Xiping Wang. „Expression of a Grape VqSTS36-Increased Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis but Enhanced Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis and Tomato“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, Nr. 10 (30.09.2018): 2985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102985.

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Stilbene synthase genes make a contribution to improving the tolerances of biotic and abiotic stress in plants. However, the mechanisms mediated by these STS genes remain unclear. To provide insight into the role of STS genes defense against biotic and abiotic stress, we overexpressed VqSTS36 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Micro-Tom) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. VqSTS36-transformed Arabidopsis lines displayed an increased resistance to powdery mildew, but both VqSTS36-transformed Arabidopsis and tomato lines showed the increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. Besides, transgenic Arabidopsis lines were found to confer tolerance to salt and drought stress in seed and seedlings. When transgenic plants were treated with a different stress, qPCR assays of defense-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato suggested that VqSTS36 played a specific role in different phytohormone-related pathways, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. All of these results provided a better understanding of the mechanism behind the role of VqSTS36 in biotic and abiotic stress.
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Fan, Jibiao, Weihong Zhang, Erick Amombo, Longxing Hu, Johan Olav Kjorven und Liang Chen. „Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 4 (06.04.2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040522.

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Turfgrasses constitute a vital part of the landscape ecological systems for sports fields, golf courses, home lawns and parks. However, turfgrass species are affected by numerous abiotic stresses include salinity, heat, cold, drought, waterlogging and heavy metals and biotic stresses such as diseases and pests. Harsh environmental conditions may result in growth inhibition, damage in cell structure and metabolic dysfunction. Hence, to survive the capricious environment, turfgrass species have evolved various adaptive strategies. For example, they can expel phytotoxic matters; increase activities of stress response related enzymes and regulate expression of the genes. Simultaneously, some phytohormones and signal molecules can be exploited to improve the stress tolerance in turfgrass. Generally, the mechanisms of the adaptive strategies are integrated but not necessarily the same. Recently, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed plenty of stress response related metabolites, proteins and genes in turfgrass. Therefore, the regulation mechanism of turfgrass’s response to abiotic and biotic stresses was further understood. However, the specific or broad-spectrum related genes that may improve stress tolerance remain to be further identified. Understanding stress response in turfgrass species will contribute to improve stress tolerance of turfgrass.
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Berens, Matthias L., Katarzyna W. Wolinska, Stijn Spaepen, Jörg Ziegler, Tatsuya Nobori, Aswin Nair, Verena Krüler et al. „Balancing trade-offs between biotic and abiotic stress responses through leaf age-dependent variation in stress hormone cross-talk“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 6 (23.01.2019): 2364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817233116.

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In nature, plants must respond to multiple stresses simultaneously, which likely demands cross-talk between stress-response pathways to minimize fitness costs. Here we provide genetic evidence that biotic and abiotic stress responses are differentially prioritized inArabidopsis thalianaleaves of different ages to maintain growth and reproduction under combined biotic and abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses, such as high salinity and drought, blunted immune responses in older rosette leaves through the phytohormone abscisic acid signaling, whereas this antagonistic effect was blocked in younger rosette leaves byPBS3, a signaling component of the defense phytohormone salicylic acid. Plants lackingPBS3exhibited enhanced abiotic stress tolerance at the cost of decreased fitness under combined biotic and abiotic stresses. Together with this role,PBS3is also indispensable for the establishment of salt stress- and leaf age-dependent phyllosphere bacterial communities. Collectively, our work reveals a mechanism that balances trade-offs upon conflicting stresses at the organism level and identifies a genetic intersection among plant immunity, leaf microbiota, and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Tolerance to biotic stress"

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South, Kaylee. „Improving abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in floriculture crops“. The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595499762154056.

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Karim, Sazzad. „Exploring plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses /“. Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200758.pdf.

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Chilufya, Jedaidah, Kousha Mohensi und Aruna Kilaru. „The Role of Anandamide in Biotic Stress Tolerance in Mosses“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4843.

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Mosses are small avascular bryophytes with a haploid dominant gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte stage. The gametophyte cells are single layered and lack a protective cuticle, which is the first line of defense in vascular plants. These factors would render them highly susceptible to stress but on the contrary, mosses have flourished on land for the past 450 million years with tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stress. Occurrence of unique lipids in bryophytes was considered as an adaptive means to survive harsh terrestrial condition. A recent study identified a lipid metabolite, anandamide in the Physcomitrella patens. Anandamide (NAE 20:4) belongs to a group of fatty acid ethanolamides or N –acylethanolamines (NAEs). In eukaryotes, NAEs were shown to play an important role in mediating stress responses. In plants, NAE 14:0 has been implicated in biotic stress response; its levels increased up to 50-fold in elicitor-treated tobacco plants, along with induction of defense gene expression and inhibition of alkalization. In animals anandamide acts as an endocannabinoid ligand and mediates several physiological responses including stress. This study aims to use P. patens as the model system because of its available genomic database and prior studies on biotic stress, to examine if NAE 20:4 contributes to their ability to tolerate biotic stress. It is hypothesized that the occurrence of anandamide will play a role in mediating biotic stress tolerance in P. patens. To test this hypothesis, three specific aims are proposed. They are to determine the effect of 1) elicitor-treatment on NAE and fatty acid profile in the moss, 2) anandamide on elicitor-induced morphological and physiological changes in the moss and 3) anandamide on elicitor-induced defense gene expression in moss. Mosses utilize similar defense mechanisms as flowering plants and disease symptoms can easily be studied using microscopy because of their haploid dominant gametophyte stage with monolayer cells. The induction of defense gene expression will be studied by quantitative PCR and changes in lipid profile by selective lipidomics. This study is expected to provide novel insights into the role of anandamide in early land plants, specifically in response to biotic stress.
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Muthevhuli, Mpho. „Investigation of the role of AtNOGC1, a guanylyl cyclase protein in response to abiotic and biotic stress“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6763.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Agricultural production is one of the most important sectors which provide food for the growing world population which is estimated to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, thus there is a need to produce more food. Climate change, on the other hand, is negatively affecting major global crops such as maize, sorghum, wheat and barley. Environmental factors such as salinity, drought, high temperatures and pathogens affect plant production by oxidatively damaging the physiological processes in plants, leading to plant death. Poor irrigation used to combat drought result in salinasation, which is estimated to affect 50% of arable land by 2050. Plants have developed several mechanisms that protect them against stress and these include overexpression of stress responsive genes and altered signal transduction to change the expression of stress responsive genes, among others. Cyclic 3’5’ guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger that is synthesised by guanylyl cyclase (GC), transmit signals to various cellular functions in plants during plant development, growth and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Arabidopsis thaliana nitric oxide guanylyl cyclase 1 (AtNOGC1) is a guanylyl cyclase which upon activation by nitric oxide (NO) leads to the production of more cGMP. Cyclic GMP further activates protein kinases, ion gated channels and phosphodiesterase which mediate response to various stresses. In this project the role of AtNOGC1 was investigated in response to abiotic and biotic stresses through analysis of its evolutionary relationships, promoter, gene expression and functional analysis via the viability assays in Escherichia coli (E.coli). Phylogenetic tree, exon-intron structure and conserved motifs were analysed using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA V.7), Gene Structure Display Server 2.0 (GSDS 2.0), and Multiple Expectation Maximisation for Motif Elicitation (MEME) tools respectively. AtNOGC1’s gene expression was analysed by the Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Reaction (qRT-PCR), whereas functional analysis was carried out using the cell viability (liquid and spot) assays to determine its ability to confer stress tolerance to E. coli.
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Sarkar, Jayanwita. „Temperature stress in wheat plants, its alleviation by selected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and comparative evaluation of their role in tolerance to biotic stress“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2656.

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Lo, Cicero Luca. „Generation of CsGSTUs over-expressing tobacco plants and their role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance“. Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1574.

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Xenobiotics are toxic chemicals that are normally not the natural substrates for enzymes or transporters involved in plant resistance. Plants have developed a three phases detoxification system from toxic compounds. Xenobiotic are firstly activated so that certain functional groups can be exposed to the successive action of several modifying enzymes. Among them, the glutathione transferases (GSTs) catalyze the nucleophilic addition of glutathione (GSH) to the electrophilic groups of a large variety of hydrophobic toxic molecules. Previously, two gstu genes have been isolated from sweet orange leaves [(Citrus sinensis) L. Osbeck)] namely GSTU1 and GSTU2. The encoded proteins differ in three amino acids, all of them included in the C-terminal domain of the enzymes (R89P, E117K, I172V). In order to evaluate the contribution of the mismatched amino acids on the catalytic activity of enzymes, several cross-mutant genes were produced by site-directed mutagenesis followed by the biochemical characterization of the in vitro expressed enzymes. In this work, transgenic tobacco plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation over-expressing both the wild type and mutant CsGSTU genes were generated. Along with the molecular characterization of transformed plants, an in planta study to assess their ability in detoxifying herbicides was also performed. Therefore, transgenic plants were subjected to the action of fluorodifen, a diphenyl ether herbicide that cause photooxidative stress by inhibition of the plastid protoporphyrinogen oxidase and alachlor a chloroacetanilide herbicide which is used to control the growth of broad-leafed weeds and grasses in many crops. The electrolytic leakage assay was carried out to test the damage caused by fluorodifen treatment upon transformed and untransformed tobacco plants. The data revealed that the transgenic lines show a sharp reduction of membrane damage compared with the wild type tobacco plants. To study the tolerance towards alachlor in planta, we assayed the growth inhibition of untrasformed wild type and transgenic tobacco seedlings in the presence of 7.5 mg/l of alachlor. Alachlor negatively influences the growth of roots and stems of untransformed an transformed tobacco seedlings with the exception of the transgenic plants over-expressing CsGSTU2 which are clearly unaffected by herbicide treatment considering either stem or root lenght. Consequently, the herbicide-tolerant transgenic tobacco plants, which are described in the present study, can be utilized for phytoremediation of residual xenobiotics in the environment. Drought and salinity stress tolerance was also assessed. When exposed to 200 mM NaCl both the wild type and transgenic seedlings exhibit a reduction of root lenght, with the exception of the CsGSTU2 over-expressing tobacco line whose root length is as long as untreated control roots indicating a high level of tolerance to NaCl. The effect of drought stress upon root elongation was measured by growing seedlings in the presence of 8% mannitol. In this case all treated tobacco seedlings disclose a sharp decrease of root length, although transgenic lines appear to better tolerate drought stress conditions as the mean root length is significantly higher than that of treated tobacco wild type seedlings. In order to understand the response of tobacco plants over-expressing the CsGSTU genes to biotic stress, untransformed and transformed tobacco leaves were infiltrated with a bacterial suspension of the P. syringae pv. tabaci Tox+ DAPPG-PG 676 strain. The differences observed in symptomatology indicate that the over-expression of CsGSTU1 and CsGSTU2 in tobacco plant bestow the capability to avoid active toxin diffusion in plant tissues blocking chlorotic halos formation probably because tabtoxin is head towards a modification pathway in which CsGSTs could be involved in. This result was confirmed when tobacco leaves was treated with culture filtrates.
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Rouifed, Soraya. „Bases scientifiques pour un contrôle des renouées asiatiques : performances du complexe hybride Fallopia en réponse aux contraintes environnementales“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10006.

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La croissance d'une plante est un processus dynamique qui répond aux différentes caractéristiques de l'environnement. La baisse de production de biomasse induite par les différents stress, les perturbations ou la compétition détermine la tolérance des plantes à ces contraintes. Dans le cas d'une plante invasive, caractériser cette tolérance est crucial pour déterminer les habitats sensibles et rechercher des moyens de prévention ou de lutte. Les taxa du genre Fallopia sont ici étudiés dans le cadre de l'invasion du département de la Loire. Leurs réponses au stress nutritif, salin, et à une perturbation sont associées aux conditions environnementales favorisant ou limitant l'invasion. Les résultats obtenus apportent des éléments de réflexion sur les mécanismes à l'origine de l'invasion par les renouées et sur l'efficience de différentes méthodes de lutte et de prévention de l'invasion
Plant growth is a dynamic process that responds to environmental characteristics. The decrease of the plant biomass production induced by various stresses, disturbance, or competition, determines the tolerance to these constraints. In the case of invasive plants, assessing this tolerance is crucial to determine invasibility and to find prevention or control methods. The taxa of the genus Fallopia are here considered in the context of the invasion of the Loire department. Their responses to nutrient stress, salt stress, and disturbance are associated with environmental conditions favouring or limiting the invasion. The results give some evidences about mechanisms implied in the success of Fallopia spp and about the effectiveness of different prevention or control methods
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Escalante, Pérez María. „Poplar responses to biotic and abiotic stress“. kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46893.

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Madeo, M. „MEDICINAL PLANT RESPONSE TO ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESS“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150114.

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Medicinal plants have always been considered a rich source of secondary metabolites that promote human health. Quality and property of medicinal plants strictly depend on secondary metabolites profile. They also play important roles in plant physiological processes and in ecological systems. The environment exerts a selective pressure on plants and these molecules actively participate to the plant response and adaptation. Amongst secondary metabolite, the phenolic compounds possess properties able to prevent oxidative stress. Therefore, an enhancement of the amount of phenolic compounds can be observed under different environmental factors. With this project we aimed to study the phenolic compounds of the medicinal plant Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. cv “SPAK”, and their implication in physiological and biochemical response to abiotic and biotic stresses. We seek the possibility to increase the synthesis of phenolics with health properties or useful as potential control agents of insect pests. Abiotic stress. Hydroponic culture was used to evaluate the effect of long-term mineral, nitrogen starvation (abiotic stress) in A. collina. By means of HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and NMR techniques, the content and the qualitative profile of A. collina methanol soluble phenolics, were evaluated. We concluded that the methanol extracts of A. collina leaves and roots are rich in hydroxycinnamic acids such as chlorogenic acid (2.33 ± 0.3 mg g-1 Dw), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10.7 ± 4.2 mg g-1 Dw) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (0.88 ± 0.24 mg g-1 Dw). The content of hydroxycinnamic acids significantly increased in plants growth under mineral nitrogen starvation, respect to the control plants. Chlorogenic acid increased by 2.5 and 3-fold and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid increased by 8.5 and 35-fold in leaves and root, respectively. Biotic stress. A. collina plants cultivated in soil were infested with the phloem feeders aphids. We set up the system (e.g., age of plant, type of the cage, number of insects per plant, duration of infestation) to co-cultivated the plants with specialist (Macrosiphoniella millefolii) and generalist (Myzus persicae Sulzer) aphids. Plant growth, water and total protein content were evaluated. Based on a preliminary assessment of phenolic fingerprint, further extractions and separations were performed on A. collina leaves, to obtained soluble and cell wall-bound fractions and their sub-classes. Our results showed that A. collina plants were strongly affected by aphid infestation. Twenty days after infestation, the fresh weight was twenty-fold and seven-fold increased, in control and infested plants. Water and protein content, condensed tannins and methanol soluble phenolics content, were not affected by the aphid infestation. Cell wall-bound phenolics content increased in infested plants. The main phenolics were found to be chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic in methanol soluble fraction, and caffeic acid in cell wall fraction. The chromatographic profiles showed that the main hydroxycinnamic acids were present in control and in both M. persicae and M. millefolli infested plants. The quantitative analysis indicated that the levels of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, were 44% and 37% higher in M. persicae infested plants, respectively. The levels of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, were 27% and 39% higher in M. millefolli infested plants, respectively. Twenty days after infestation the content of caffeic acid was resulted 43% and 34% higher in M. persicae and M. millefolli infested plants, respectively. These differences should indicate the different evolutionary interaction between plant and generalist/specialist aphid. We hypotheses that the increase of these molecules may represent a plant resistance mechanism against aphid attack. Finally, a chemometric approach, by means multivariate statistical analysis, was applied on chromatogram profiles to verify whether there is difference between methanol soluble fraction of infested and non infested A. collina plants. The discriminant analysis showed a significant effect of phloem feeders aphids on soluble phenolic compounds and indicated two peaks, not yet identified, that separate control from infested plants. In conclusion the model system developed to cultivate A. collina was useful to understand the metabolic basis of the environment interactions. The main hydroxycinnamic acids identified, were resulted increased in both abiotic and biotic stress, suggesting their implication in A. collina protection to environmental controversies.
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Capra, E. „PROTEIN EXPRESSION PROFILING ASSOCIATED TO BIOTIC STRESS IN MAIZE“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168732.

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Plant biotic stresses are caused by pathogens, parasites, predators and their outcome results from interaction between, host, pathogen and environment. Pathogens attack could be due by several organisms as fungi, bacteria, viruses oomycetes, nematodes and insects that cause specific and systemic response. Two of the major pests affecting maize crop in Lombardy region are Fusarium verticillioides fungus and the Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte insect. The etiology of two diseases is strictly interdependent, plant fungus infection is often deriving after kernel injuries by wounding or insect attack. F. veritillioides infection typically occurs on kernels, with a high level of fungal infection and micotoxin contamination. In resistant inbred maize genotype, kernel showed significant decrease of infection incidence, with limited amounts of total fumonisin content and reduced fungal growth. We attempt to identify protein involved in Fusarium resistance by protein profile resistant and susceptible lines. We found only two protein peaks at 5.79 and 14.96 Kda that were commonly expressed in the susceptible lines but no specific protein of interest were present in kernel from resistance lines. Only the susceptible line CO354, showed variation in the Late Embryogenesis Abundant LEA3 protein, previously described as protein associated to fungal resistance in maize. D. virgifera attack is prevalentely due by direct larvae infestation and damage to the maize root system. Plants respond to insect infestation by emitting volatile compounds among which the sequiterpene (E)-β-caryophillene that attracts natural enthomopathogenic nematodes. This volatile compound has been found in response to herbivore damage in several wild relatives of maize and in cultivated maize lines from European breeding programs but not in most lines from the North American breeding program. In order to understand mechanisms involved in defence response, maize lines that differ in (E)-β-caryophillene synthase expression were characterized by protein profiling and tps23 gene expression. We found that maize responds to methyl jasmonate treatment and D. virgifera infestation similarly by inducing the tps23 gene, but the jasmonate mediated response differs quantitative and temporary in different maize lines. Methyl jasmonate treatment induce also the expression of other three proteins i.e. actin-depolymerizing factor 3 ADF3, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP and anionic peroxidase probably involved in maize herbivore insect response. Proteomic characterization of maize lines differing in response to pathogen attack may be a useful approach to better understand mechanisms involved in plant pathogen response and to find new markers associated to biotic stress response. The potential uses of these biomarkers in assisted breeding program however remain still under investigation.
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Bücher zum Thema "Tolerance to biotic stress"

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Vats, Sharad, Hrsg. Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9029-5.

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Wani, Shabir Hussain, Vennampally Nataraj und Gyanendra Pratap Singh, Hrsg. Transcription Factors for Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12990-2.

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Sunkar, Ramanjulu, Hrsg. Plant Stress Tolerance. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7136-7.

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Sunkar, Ramanjulu, Hrsg. Plant Stress Tolerance. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-702-0.

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Mosa, Kareem A., Ahmed Ismail und Mohamed Helmy. Plant Stress Tolerance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59379-1.

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Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Kamrun Nahar und Hesham F. Alharby, Hrsg. Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06118-0.

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1932-, Jennings D. H., Hrsg. Stress tolerance of fungi. New York: M. Dekker, 1993.

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Solankey, Shashank Shekhar, und Md Shamim. Biotic Stress Management in Tomato. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003186960.

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Ansari, Rizwan Ali, und Irshad Mahmood, Hrsg. Plant Health Under Biotic Stress. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6040-4.

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Ansari, Rizwan Ali, und Irshad Mahmood, Hrsg. Plant Health Under Biotic Stress. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6043-5.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Tolerance to biotic stress"

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Mosa, Kareem A., Ahmed Ismail und Mohamed Helmy. „Omics Approaches to Understand Biotic Stresses: A Case Study on Plant Parasitic Nematodes“. In Plant Stress Tolerance, 35–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59379-1_3.

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Redondo-Gómez, Susana. „Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants“. In Molecular Stress Physiology of Plants, 1–20. India: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0807-5_1.

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Kotari, Pavitra, V. Swarupa und Kundapura V. Ravishankar. „Genomics of Biotic Stress Tolerance in Banana“. In Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic Improvement, 61–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1585-4_5.

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De Filippis, L. F. „Breeding for Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants“. In Crop Production for Agricultural Improvement, 145–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4116-4_6.

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Hernández, J. A., G. Barba-Espín und P. Diaz-Vivancos. „Glutathione-Mediated Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants“. In Glutathione in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance, 309–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66682-2_14.

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Satya, Pratik, Soham Ray, B. S. Gotyal, Kunal Mandal und Suman Roy. „Genomics for Biotic Stress Tolerance in Jute“. In Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Technical Crops, 247–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09293-0_7.

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Priya, Shalu, Ashish Kumar, Viabhav Kumar Upadhayay, Anuj Chaudhary, Heena Parveen und Govind Kumar. „Impact of Nanoparticles on Biotic Stress Tolerance“. In Advances in Nanotechnology for Smart Agriculture, 197–220. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003345565-10.

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Singh, Jitender, und Jitendra K. Thakur. „Photosynthesis and Abiotic Stress in Plants“. In Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 27–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9029-5_2.

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Kumar, Sonu, und Asheesh Shanker. „Bioinformatics Resources for the Stress Biology of Plants“. In Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 367–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9029-5_14.

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Kumar, Sanjay, Supriya Sachdeva, K. V. Bhat und Sharad Vats. „Plant Responses to Drought Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Basis“. In Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 1–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9029-5_1.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Tolerance to biotic stress"

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Ibragimov, A. E., D. Yu Garshina, An Kh Baymiev und O. V. Lastochkina. „Modulation of Triticum aestivum L. tolerance to combined abiotic/biotic stresses by endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis“. In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.11.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal food crops worldwide. Various abiotic and biotic stresses or their combinations lead to crop losses (up to 50-82%) and pose a serious threat to the agricultural industry and food security. Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis are considered as a bioactive and eco-friendly strategy for plant protection. Earlier, we have shown B. subtilis 10-4 has a growth-promoting and anti-stress effect on wheat under water deficiency. Here, we investigated the effect of B. subtilis 10-4 and B. subtilis 10-4+salicylic acid (SA) on growth and tolerance of wheat (cv. ‘Omskaya-35’) to combined drought (12%PEG) and Fusarium culmorum. 12%PEG and F. culmorum led to yellowing of leaves (in addition to traces of the root damages). Inoculation with 10-4 and especially 10-4+SA reduced the fusarium development in wheat under drought. Similar effects were revealed for growth parameters. Also, 10-4 (especially 10-4+SA) reduces stress-induced lipid peroxidation (MDA). Such physiological effect may be connected with the ability of strain 10-4 to colonize the internal tissues of host-plant and regulate metabolism from the inside. The obtained construct based on the plasmid pHT01 and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene, by which was modified the strain 10-4, will allow revealing the nature of the symbiotic relationships between the strain 10-4 and host-plant. The findings indicate that application B. subtilis 10-4 and its composition with SA may be an effective strategy to increase wheat tolerance to the combined abiotic/biotic stresses.
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Dascaliuc, Alexandru, Natalia Jelev und Eugeniu Alexandrov. „The biostimulator Reglalg as an inductor of plants' viability and vigor“. In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.46.

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By the definition for the biostimulator, Reglalg contains substances extracted from algae that stimulate the natural plant processes that improve their tolerance to environmental abiotic stress, nutrient-use efficiency, quantity, and quality of the crop. During several years of testing, it has been demonstrated that due to the beneficial influence of Reglalg on the vigor and viability of different plant species, the plants are also less affected by biotic stress factors. Due to these properties, the biostimulator Reglalg is a highly effective preparation for use in organic agriculture.
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Sora, Dorin, und Mădălina Doltu. „GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL“. In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/21.

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This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.
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Leon-Reyes, Antonio. „Induced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses of broccoli and Arabidopsis after treatment with elicitor molecules“. In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1383241.

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Alibekov, M. R. „Diagnosis of Plant Biotic Stress by Methods of Explainable Artificial Intelligence“. In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-728-739.

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Methods for digital image preprocessing, which significantly increase the efficiency of ML methods, and also a number of ML methods and models as a basis for constructing simple and efficient XAI networks for diagnosing plant biotic stresses, have been studied. A complex solution has been built, which includes the following stages: automatic segmentation; feature extraction; classification by ML models. The best classifiers and feature vectors are selected. The study was carried out on the open dataset PlantVillage Dataset. The single-layer perceptron (SLP) trained on a full vector of 92 features (20 statistical, 72 textural) became the best according to the F1- score=93% criterion. The training time on a PC with an Intel Core i5-8300H CPU took 189 minutes. According to the criterion “F1-score/number of features”, SLP trained on 7 principal components with F1-score=85% also became the best. Training time - 29 minutes. The criterion “F1- score/number+interpretability of features” favors the selected 9 features and the random forest model, F1-score=83%. The research software package is made in a modern version of Python using the OpenCV and deep learning model libraries, and is able for using in precision farming.
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Koroleva, E. S., P. V. Kuzmitskaya und O. Yu Urbanovich. „IMPACT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON STRESS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS APPLE GENES EXPRESSION LEVEL“. In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-268-271.

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Stress-associated proteins (SAP) in many plants are involved in the response to adverse factors of biotic and abiotic nature. In order to study changes in the expression level of SAP genes in apple trees, MM-106 rootstocks were exposed to drought for 24 h. Expression profiles of 14 studied genes encoding SAP were established during the quantitative PCR reaction (qPCR), among which wererevealed of actively expressed under specified conditions. The majority of SAP genes have maximum transcript accumulation by 4 hours of exposure to drought.
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Koroleva, E. S., P. V. Kuzmitskaya und O. Yu Urbanovich. „IMPACT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON STRESS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS APPLE GENES EXPRESSION LEVEL“. In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-268-271.

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Stress-associated proteins (SAP) in many plants are involved in the response to adverse factors of biotic and abiotic nature. In order to study changes in the expression level of SAP genes in apple trees, MM-106 rootstocks were exposed to drought for 24 h. Expression profiles of 14 studied genes encoding SAP were established during the quantitative PCR reaction (qPCR), among which wererevealed of actively expressed under specified conditions. The majority of SAP genes have maximum transcript accumulation by 4 hours of exposure to drought.
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Nansen, Christian. „Remote sensing of nutrient-induced host plant susceptibility and biotic stress responses“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94313.

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„Complex resistance of spring bread wheat lines to biotic and abiotic stress“. In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-119.

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Nigam, Rahul, Rajsi Kot, Sandeep S. Sandhu, Bimal K. Bhattacharya, Ravinder S. Chandi, Manjeet Singh, Jagdish Singh und K. R. Manjunath. „Ground-based hyperspectral remote sensing to discriminate biotic stress in cotton crop“. In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, herausgegeben von Allen M. Larar, Prakash Chauhan, Makoto Suzuki und Jianyu Wang. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2228122.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Tolerance to biotic stress"

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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra und Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.

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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Blum, Abraham, und Charles Y. Sullivan. The Evaluation of Endemic Land-Races of Wheat as Genetic Resources for Wheat Breeding Towards Environmental and Biotic Stress Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7566569.bard.

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Tronstad, Lusha. Aquatic invertebrate monitoring at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: 2019 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293128.

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Monitoring ecosystems is vital to understanding trends over time and key to detecting change so that managers can address perturbations. Freshwater streams are the lifeblood of the surrounding landscape, and their health is a measure of the overall watershed integrity. Streams are the culmination of upland processes and inputs. Degradation on the landscape as well as changes to the stream itself can be detected using biota living in these ecosystems. Aquatic invertebrates are excellent indicators of ecosystem quality because they are relatively long-lived, sessile, diverse, abundant and their tolerance to perturbation differs. Aquatic invertebrates were monitored at three sites along the Niobrara River at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in 2019 completing 23 years of data using Hester-Dendy and Hess samplers. Hess samplers are artificial multi-plate samplers suspended in the water column to allow invertebrates to colonize and Hess samples collect invertebrates in a known area on natural substrate and vegetation. We identified 45 invertebrate taxa from four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda) using both samplers in the Niobrara River (Appendix A and B). Hester-Dendy samplers collected 4 taxa not found in Hess samples and Hess samples collected 17 taxa not collected with Hester-Dendy samplers. Hess samples captured more (91%) than Hester-Dendy samples (62%). Crustacea, Diptera and Ephemeroptera were the most abundant groups of invertebrates collected in the Niobrara River. The proportion of Insecta, Annelida, Trichoptera and Diptera differed between Hester-Dendy and Hess samples (p < 0.05). EPT richness, proportion EPT taxa and Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index (HBI) (p < 0.0001) differed between sampler types, but taxa richness, taxa diversity and evenness (p > 0.29) did not. We collected the highest density of invertebrates at the Agate Middle site. Agate Spring Ranch had the lowest taxa richness and HBI, and the highest proportion of EPT taxa. HBI at the sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.3 (very good to fair from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hester-Dendy and 5.2 to 6.9 (good to fairly poor from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hess sampler.
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Dodd, Hope, David Bowles, John Cribbs, Jeffrey Williams, Cameron Cheri und Tani Hubbard. Aquatic community monitoring at Herbert Hoover National Historic Site, 2008?2017. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303263.

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Land use changes that degrade water quality and stream habitat can negatively impact aquatic communities. Monitoring trends in aquatic community composition and habitat conditions is a robust way to assess stream integrity and health. Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (NHS) is in eastern Iowa where dominant land use consists of row-crop and grassland agriculture. A portion of an unnamed tributary of the West Branch of Wapsinonoc Creek, known as Hoover Creek, flows through the park. In 2008, the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (Heartland Network) of the National Park Service (NPS) began monitoring aquatic communities (fish and invertebrates), physical habitat, and water quality at Hoover Creek within the park. This report summarizes four years of data to assess the baseline conditions of Hoover Creek within Herbert Hoover NHS. Aquatic invertebrate taxa richness ranged from 21 to 32 among all years monitored. Three of these taxa are sensitive to poor water quality and habitat conditions. The invertebrate community was dominated by true flies in the Chironomidae family, Oligochaete worms, and mayflies in the Baetidae family. These taxa are all tolerant of poor water quality and habitat conditions. However, in 2011, the sensitive caddisfly Ceratopsyche was also abundant. Mean Hilsenhoff Biotic Index values indicated the invertebrate community fluctuated over time, ranging from fairly poor in 2017 to good condition in 2011. Ten fish species were collected at Hoover Creek across the four years sampled with seven of those species found in all years. All fish species collected were either moderately tolerant or tolerant to poor habitat and water quality conditions; the community was dominated by johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum), creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus). Based on the Index of Biotic Integrity developed for Iowa streams, the fish community ranged from fair condition in 2008, 2014, and 2017 to good condition in 2011. Hoover Creek was found to have predominately fine to medium gravel substrate with high embeddedness, and banks were steep and tall and consisted of fine silt substrate. With the exception of turbidity after a rain event in 2008, water quality parameters were within state standards. The four years of stream biota data coupled with habitat data should form a good baseline for assessing changes or trends in the aquatic community and overall stream health of Hoover Creek.
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Ginzberg, Idit, und Walter De Jong. Molecular genetic and anatomical characterization of potato tuber skin appearance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587733.bard.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) skin is composed of suberized phellem cells, the outer component of the tuber periderm. The focus of the proposed research was to apply genomic approaches to identify genes that control tuber skin appearance - smooth and shiny skin is highly preferred by the customers while russeted/netted skin potatoes are rejected. The breeding program (at Cornell University) seeks to develop smooth-skin varieties but has encountered frequent difficulties as inheritance of russeting involves complementary action by independently segregating genes, where a dominant allele at each locus is required for any degree of skin russeting. On the other hand, smooth-skin varieties frequently develop unsightly russeting in response to stress conditions, mainly high soil temperatures. Breeding programs in Israel aimed towards the improvement of heat tolerant varieties include skin quality as one of the desired characteristics. At the initiation of the present project it was unclear whether heat induced russeting and genetically inherited russeting share the same genes and biosynthesis pathways. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that russeting might result from increased periderm thickness, from strong cohesion between peridermal cells that prevents the outer layers from sloughing off, or from altered suberization processes in the skin. Hence, the original objectives were to conduct anatomical study of russet skin development, to isolate skin and russeting specific genes, to map the loci that determine the russet trait, and to compare with map locations the candidate russet specific genes, as well as to identify marker alleles that associated with russet loci. Anatomical studies suggested that russet may evolve from cracking at the outer layers of the skin, probably when skin development doesn’t meet the tuber expansion rate. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis and transcript profiling (cDNA chip, potato functional genomic project) indicated that in comparison to the parenchyma tissue, the skin is enriched with proteins/genes that are involved in the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and further expand the concept of the skin as a protective tissue containing an array of plantdefense components. The proteomes of skin from heat stressed tubers and native skin didn’t differ significantly, while transcript profiling indicated heat-related increase in three major functional groups: transcription factors, stress response and protein degradation. Exceptional was ACC synthase isogene with 4.6 fold increased level in the heat stressed skin. Russeting was mapped to two loci: rusB on chromosome 4 and rusC on chromosome 11; both required for russeting. No evidence was found for a third locus rusA that was previously proposed to be required for russeting. In an effort to find a link between the russeting character and the heat-induced russeting an attempt was made to map five genes that were found in the microarray experiment to be highly induced in the skin under heat stress in the segregating russet population. Only one gene was polymorphic; however it was localized to chromosome 2, so cannot correspond to rusB or rusC. Evaluation of AFLP markers tightly linked to rusB and rusC showed that these specific alleles are not associated with russeting in unrelated germplasm, and thus are not useful for MAS per se. To develop markers useful in applied breeding, it will be necessary to screen alleles of additional tightly linked loci, as well as to identify additional russet (heat-induced and/or native) related genes.
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Dodd, Hope, J. Cribbs, David Bowles, Cameron Cheri und Jeffrey Williams. Aquatic community monitoring at Effigy Mounds National Monument, 2008?2017. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300634.

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Dousman Creek, located in northeastern Iowa, is a Class ?B? coldwater stream that supports a trout population and is listed among the Outstanding Iowa Waters (Iowa Department of Natural Resources 2010, 2016). The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (Heartland Network) of the National Park Service (NPS) has been monitoring aquatic communities (fish and invertebrates) in Dousman Creek within Effigy Mounds National Monument (NM) since 2008. Corresponding physical habitat and water quality were also collected during biotic sampling. The objectives of this long-term monitoring program are to assess the status and trends in the biotic stream community and relate these trends to environmental variables. The purpose of this report is to summarize the baseline aquatic community data collected during three sampling events conducted from 2008 to 2017. The fish community was dominated by the intolerant cool/cold-water species Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii) in 2008, while more tolerant white sucker (Catostomus comersonii) and Johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) were most abundant in 2014. During 2017, fish community composition was more evenly distributed among species present. Benthic invertebrate samples were dominated by the moderately intolerant mayfly genus Pseudocloeon and blackfly genus Simulium in 2008 and 2014, while the invertebrate samples in 2017 were dominated primarily by a tolerant, mayfly taxa (Baetis) and Oligochaetes. The abundance of aquatic invertebrates in 2017 was more than ten times lower than invertebrate abundance in 2008 and 2014. Water quality data collected by the Heartland Network did not indicate any of the five parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, or turbidity) exceeded the Iowa Department of Natural Resources water quality standards, however the number of hourly measurements were low (4?20 measurements) depending on year sampled. Three years of data are currently insufficient to fully characterize the stream integrity of Dousman Creek based on fish and invertebrate communities. Continued long-term monitoring of Dousman Creek will allow for better assessment of the biotic integrity and overall quality of the stream.
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Whinnery, James E., und Duane C. Murray. Enhancing Tolerance to Acceleration (+Gz) Stress: The 'Hook' Maneuver. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231094.

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Yagmur, Fatma, und Fatih Hanci. Does Melatonin Improve Salt Stress Tolerance in Onion Genotypes? "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.03.18.

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Vierling, E. Role of HSP100 proteins in plant stress tolerance. Final technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/638185.

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Sela, Shlomo, und Michael McClelland. Investigation of a new mechanism of desiccation-stress tolerance in Salmonella. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598155.bard.

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Low-moisture foods (LMF) are increasingly involved in foodborne illness. While bacteria cannot grow in LMF due to the low water content, pathogens such as Salmonella can still survive in dry foods and pose health risks to consumer. We recently found that Salmonella secretes a proteinaceous compound during desiccation, which we identified as OsmY, an osmotic stress response protein of 177 amino acids. To elucidate the role of OsmY in conferring tolerance against desiccation and other stresses in Salmonella entericaserovarTyphimurium (STm), our specific objectives were: (1) Characterize the involvement of OsmY in desiccation tolerance; (2) Perform structure-function analysis of OsmY; (3) Study OsmY expression under various growth- and environmental conditions of relevance to agriculture; (4) Examine the involvement of OsmY in response to other stresses of relevance to agriculture; and (5) Elucidate regulatory pathways involved in controlling osmY expression. We demonstrated that an osmY-mutant strain is impaired in both desiccation tolerance (DT) and in long-term persistence during cold storage (LTP). Genetic complementation and addition of a recombinantOsmY (rOsmY) restored the mutant survival back to that of the wild type (wt). To analyze the function of specific domains we have generated a recombinantOsmY (rOsmY) protein. A dose-response DT study showed that rOsmY has the highest protection at a concentration of 0.5 nM. This effect was protein- specific as a comparable amount of bovine serum albumin, an unrelated protein, had a three-time lower protection level. Further characterization of OsmY revealed that the protein has a surfactant activity and is involved in swarming motility. OsmY was shown to facilitate biofilm formation during dehydration but not during bacterial growth under optimal growth conditions. This finding suggests that expression and secretion of OsmY under stress conditions was potentially associated with facilitating biofilm production. OsmY contains two conserved BON domains. To better understand the role of the BON sites in OsmY-mediated dehydration tolerance, we have generated two additional rOsmY constructs, lacking either BON1 or BON2 sites. BON1-minus (but not BON2) protein has decreased dehydration tolerance compared to intact rOsmY, suggesting that BON1 is required for maximal OsmY-mediated activity. Addition of BON1-peptide at concentration below 0.4 µM did not affect STm survival. Interestingly, a toxic effect of BON1 peptide was observed in concentration as low as 0.4 µM. Higher concentrations resulted in complete abrogation of the rOsmY effect, supporting the notion that BON-mediated interaction is essential for rOsmY activity. We performed extensive analysis of RNA expression of STm undergoing desiccation after exponential and stationary growth, identifying all categories of genes that are differentially expressed during this process. We also performed massively in-parallel screening of all genes in which mutation caused changes in fitness during drying, identifying over 400 such genes, which are now undergoing confirmation. As expected OsmY is one of these genes. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify that OsmY protein secreted during dehydration contributes to desiccation tolerance in Salmonella by facilitating dehydration- mediated biofilm formation. Expression of OsmY also enhances swarming motility, apparently through its surfactant activity. The BON1 domain is required for full OsmY activity, demonstrating a potential intervention to reduce pathogen survival in food processing. Expression and fitness screens have begun to elucidate the processes of desiccation, with the potential to uncover additional specific targets for efforts to mitigate pathogen survival in desiccation.
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