Dissertationen zum Thema „Tolérance des lymphocytes T“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Tolérance des lymphocytes T" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
De, Wit Dominique. „Tolérance immunologique induite: propriétés des lymphocytes T et des lymphocytes B“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Saout Cécile. „Rupture de la tolérance périphérique en conditions de lymphopénie : coopération entre les cellules T CD8+ et CD4+“. Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe onset of autoimmunity in patients as well as experimental rodent models frequently correlates with a lymphopenic state. In this condition, the immune system has evolved compensatory homeostatic mechanisms that induce quiescent naive T cells to proliferate and differentiate into memory-like lymphocytes even in the apparent absence of antigenic stimulation. Since memory T cells have less stringent requirements for activation than naïve cells, we hypothesized that auto-reactive T cells that arrive to secondary lymphoid organs in a lymphopenic environment could differentiate and bypass the mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Utilizing a transgenic mouse system in which a model antigen is expressed in the pancreas, we have shown that potentially auto-reactive memory-like CD8+ T cells, generated under lymphopenic conditions, are not sufficient to induce auto-immunity because they are tolerized in the draining lymph nodes of the pancreas. Induction of self-reactivity required antigen-specific CD4+ T cell help. These helper cells promoted the further differentiation of memory-like CD8+ T cells into effectors in response to antigen cross-presentation with subsequent migration to the tissue of antigen expression where autoimmunity ensued. We also found that this effect is mediated by IL-2, a cytokine mainly produced by CD4 helper T cells. Thus, the cooperation between self-reactive memory-like CD4+ and CD8+ T cells under lymphopenic conditions overcomes cross-tolerance resulting in autoimmunity. These studies raise new perspectives, notably on cancer immunotherapy and the development of promising strategies optimizing anti-tumor T cell responses
Lemoine, Sébastien. „Étude du rôle du lymphocyte B dans la tolérance périphérique“. Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNature has provided the immune system with numerous checkpoints controlling the maintenance of tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. The regulatory mechanisms operating in the periphery of the immune system are mediated mainly by a specific population of regulatory T cells considered as the main contributor to peripheral tolerance. In auto immunity, B cells are generally considered pathogenic since they release autoantibodies, that can cause damages to target tissues. However B cell depletion in several murine models of autoimmune diseases leads to a more severe pathology, giving B cells an unexpected regulatory role. Insights have been realized concerning the mechanism of action and the phenotype of this particular subset of regulatory B cells in mice and two subsets of IL-10 secreting B cells have been endowed with regulatory properties. However, despite increasing interest in regulatory B cell biology, the existence of an equivalent population in human is still a matter of controversy. The current study indicates that activated T cells can induce their own regulation by promoting the development of a B-cell dependent regulatory process. Regulatory B cells, identified by their expression of CD19high IgD+ CD24high CD38high CD5high, inhibit the proliferation and cytokine secretion of proinflammatory TH1 cells with the contribution of regulatory T cells, placing B cells at the center of immunosuppressive reactions. The assessment of this new regulatory function in autoimmune diseases shows that B-cell mediated immune regulation is deficient in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Poitrasson-Rivière, Maud. „Cellules T DC4+ FOXP3+ régulatrices et tolérance des lymphocytes T CD8+ à la périphérie“. Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this work showed, in an original mice model, that regulatory CD4+ T cells play an important role in preventing peripheral CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity. We suggest that regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells induce the generation at the periphery of regulatory CD8+ T cells that can then regulate conventional CD8+ T cells activity. The second part of this work suggests strongly that self-recognition events are required to control autoreactive, potentially pathogenic, conventional T cells. Autoreactivity would thus be necessary for its own control
Billiard, Fabienne. „Etude de l'intéraction entre lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+ et lymphocytes T effecteurs in vivo, chez la souris“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarquez-Campos, Maria Elena. „Etude des mécanismes d'adaptation des lymphocytes T CD8+ dans la tolérance périphérique“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066220.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSantolaria, Thibault. „Induction de tolérance aux allogreffes d'organes solides par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/498/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA major challenge in transplantation medicine is controlling the very strong immune responses to foreign antigens that are responsible for graft rejection. Although immunosuppressive drugs efficiently inhibit acute graft rejection, a substantial proportion of patients suffer chronic rejection that ultimately leads to functional loss of the graft. Induction of immunological tolerance to transplants would avoid rejection and the need for lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Tolerance to self-antigens is ensured naturally by several mechanisms ; one major mechanism depends on the activity of regulatory T lymphocytes. We showed that in mice treated with clinically acceptable levels of irradiation, regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells stimulated in vitro with alloantigens induced long-term tolerance to bone marrow and subsequent skin and cardiac allografts. Regulatory T cells specific for directly presented donor antigens prevented only acute rejection, despite hematopoietic chimerism. By contrast, regulatory T cells specific for both directly and indirectly presented alloantigens prevented both acute and chronic rejection. Our findings demonstrate the potential of appropriately stimulated regulatory T cells for future cell-based therapeutic approaches to induce lifelong mmunological tolerance to allogeneic transplants
Amiset, Laurent. „Identification de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l'activité suppressive des lymphocytes T régulateurs“. Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of my thesis project was to identify new inhibitors of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) suppressive activity, which might facilitate immune responses against tumors and improve the efficacy of cancer-directed immunotherapeutic strategies. After having set up an in vitro model suitable for screening chemical and biological compound libraries, we identified out of 1754 molecules 56 candidate compounds inhibiting Treg-mediated suppression of CD4+ T cell proliferation. Treg were characterized during tumor progression in a mouse model of cancer immunotherapy. We showed that injections of the TLR1/2 ligand Pam3Cys associated with vaccination by an MVA vector encoding the tumor-associated antigen MUC1 prolong mouse survival and controls tumor progression. The combination of Pam3Cys with MVA-MUC1 enhances the MUC1-specific cellular response and protects effector T cells from Treg-mediated suppression, while inducing a Th17-type response which might be directly associated with the therapeutic benefit. Finally, the effect of a candidate compound selected from the library screening could be confirmed in vitro. Results from a first experiment in the RMA-MUC1 cancer model suggest that this compound potentiates the effect of the MVA-MUC1 vaccine and could therefore be useful for the immunotherapy of cancer
Villard, Marine. „Rôle de la profération induite par la lymphopénie dans la rupture de la tolérance périphérique des lymphocytes T CD8+“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20172/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms of peripheral tolerance to control CD8+ T cell responses and to prevent autoimmunity. However, they also represent a barrier for the development of cytotoxic responses against tumors. Lymphodepleting protocols are currently used as adjuvants for adoptive cytotoxic T cell immunotherapy because they enhance their potency. These protocols are thought to promote the breakdown of peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance. Under acute lymphopenic conditions, naive T cells proliferate, in the apparent absence of antigenic stimulation at least in part due to a greater availability of the cytokine IL-7. Proliferating CD8+ T cells acquire a phenotype and functionality that is similar to memory cells and are termed memory-like cells. Since memory cells have a lower activation threshold than naïve cells, it has been proposed that differentiation of potentially autoreactive CD8+ T cells into memory-like cells under lymphopenic conditions could drive the breakdown of peripheral tolerance. Here we studied whether lymphopenia induced proliferation and differentiation are required for the breakdown of CD8+ T cell cross-tolerance in irradiated transgenic mice expressing a model antigen in the beta cells of the pancreas. Surprisingly, we found that blocking lymphopenia-induced proliferation and differentiation into memory-like cells did not prevent self-reactivity. CD8+ T cells that did not differentiate into memory-like cells still became effectors upon antigen cross-presentation and migrated to the site of antigen expression. Nonetheless, LIP did enhance CD8+ T cell mediated self-reactivity at low T cell frequencies. This effect could not be explained by a Treg imbalance but by a net increase in autoreactive CD8+ T cell numbers. Thus, although LIP enhances CD8+ T cell anti-self responses, differentiation into memory-like cells is not essential for the breakdown of cross-tolerance under the lymphopenic conditions provided by irradiation
Thebault, Paméla. „Identification et étude de nouveaux médiateurs de la tolérance à l'allogreffe“. Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=97f09501-6100-4061-be2f-e8a6e04ef996.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of immunological mechanisms leading to allograft tolerance represents a major issue to improve the success of organ transplantation. During my Ph. D, we have investigated news mediators of allograft tolerance in rat. In a model of tolerance induced by treatment with an analog of deoxyspergualin (LF15-0195), the team used DNA microarrays to identify mechanisms linked to tolerance and has observed a high expression of IDO and IFNγ. We have shown that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells accumulated in allograft expressed IFNγ and induced the expression of IDO in graft endothelial cells. So, these two molecules are necessary to tolerance. Moreover, we have identified CLEC-1, a C-type lectin receptor, as overexpressed in graft endothelial and myeloid cells of tolerated allograft. Then, we have shown that CLEC-1 expression is decreased by inflammatory stimuli and increased by tolerogenic molecules. At last, we have shown that CLEC-1 decreases Th17 differentiation, modulating suppression mediated by regulatory T cells. The role of IFNγ has also been demonstrated in another model of tolerance induced by the injection of autologous immature dendritic cells in combination with a suboptimal treatment with LF15-0195. We have demonstrated that inhibition of IFNγ abrogates induction of tolerance. Moreover, we have shown that double negative T cells are responsible of IFNγ production in the spleen of tolerant recipients. Interestingly, this production is dependent of EBI3 secreting by immature dendritic cells. All of these results contributed to identify new mediators of tolerance which will be able to be used as therapeutic tools to induce allograft tolerance
Pasquet, Lise. „Prévention du rejet d'allogreffe par les lymphocytes T régulateurs : mécanismes de maintenance de la tolérance à long terme“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2173/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransplantation is frequently the only therapeutic option to replace defective organs or tissues. In the most frequent case of allogeneic transplantation, the major obstacle is activation of the host's immune system leading to allograft rejection. Immunosuppressive drugs efficiently avoid acute rejection and thereby markedly prolong graft survival, but they do not prevent chronic rejection. Moreover, these drugs globally down-modulate the host's immune system, increasing the patient's susceptibility to opportunistic infections and to cancers. Development of therapies specifically inhibiting acute and chronic rejection with limited side effects is therefore essential. We developed an innovating murine model in which bone marrow, skin and heart allograft rejection is durably prevented. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) specific for donor-antigens were injected in pre-conditioned animals that also received a bone marrow allograft. Thus generated hematopoietic chimeras were then transplanted with skin or heart allografts. Tregs of direct and indirect alloantigen-specificity entirely prevented acute and chronic rejection. In these mice, we observed progressive loss of injected Treg in blood and lymphoid organs eliciting the question if Treg survival is important for long-term transplantation persistence. To provide an answer, we used a murine model allowing the specific elimination of injected Tregs. By in vivo depleting injected Treg, we demonstrated that these cells are essential for induction of tolerance to allogeneic bone marrow, but not for its maintenance. We showed that at later time-points host T cells specific for donor-antigens were deleted in the thymus and in the periphery. Central tolerance mechanisms therefore appear to assure maintenance of the bone-marrow allograft. The same results were observed with skin allografts irrespectively of whether the cells were depleted before or after placing the skin allograft. This observation suggests the implication of active tolerance mechanisms. The depletion of injected and endogenous Treg before skin graft indeed revealed that host Treg are essential for survival of skin but not of bone marrow allografts. In conclusion, injected Tregs are essential during the induction-phase of tolerance to bone marrow allografts. Central and peripheral mechanisms then ensure deletion of donor specific T cells. In the same time, injected Treg induce the emergence of host Treg which become fully capable of protecting skin allografts. These mechanisms allow for long-term protection of allografts even after injected Tregs have waned away
Bercovici, Nadège. „Activation et induction de tolérance des lymphocytes T dans des modèles de souris transgéniques“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntigen recognition by T cell can lead to immunity but also to antigen-specific T-cell tolerance. Immunological tolerance can be induced experimentally and may be useful for the treatment of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune diabetes. In this work, I have investigated the mechanisms of activation and tolerance induction in mature CD4+ and CDS+ T cells from TCR-transgenic mice. Systemic administration of soluble peptide is remarkably efficient to induce peripheral T-cell tolerance in vivo. Although one single injection induced transient T-cell tolerance, chronic intravenous (i. V. ) injections of soluble peptide is able to maintain CD4+ T-cell tolerance for more than 12 weeks. I have also shown that i. V. Injection of soluble peptide can tolerize naive CDS+ T cells but can also target effector CDS+ T cells thereby blocking the progression of an ongoing CDS-mediated autoimmune diabetes. Importantly, CDS+ T cell infiltrates are eliminated without bystander tissue damage. Furthermore, I have demonstrated that i. V. Injection of soluble MHC class I : peptide complexes represent an alternative strategy to induce CDS+ T cell tolerance in vivo. Tolerance was achieved by deletion and anergy of antigen-specific CDS+ T cells and allow to down-regulate an ongoing CDS mediated autoimmune diabetes. In experiments conducted in vitro with naïve T cells from TCR-transgenic mice, we have shown that antigen recognition by CD4+ T cells rapidly induced cytoskeletal alterations that are crucial for calcium responses and proliferation. Under conditions in which equal numbers of specific MHC class Il :peptide complexes are presented by dendritic cells (DC) and B cells, we could demonstrate that DC are always more efficient antigen presenting cells underlying the importance of adhesion/costimulatory molecules abundantly expressed by DC. Moreover, we provide evidence for the induction of small calcium signals in CD4+ T cells interacting with DC in the absence of specific antigen that involve MHC/TCR interactions. Finally, we have shown that naive CDS+ T cells can be fully activated and differentiated after antigenic stimulation in the absence of co-stimulatory signals. Altogether, these data contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of activation and tolerance induction of CD4+ and CDS+ T cells
Degauque, Nicolas. „Contribution à l'étude des cellules régulatrices dans deux modèles d'induction de tolérance“. Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT18VS.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTolerance corresponds to the acceptation of a graft by an immunocompetent recipient. In this thesis, the mechanisms of maintenance and transfer of tolerance have been studied in two models of graft transplantation between MHC incompatible rats. Donor antigens presentation by blood transfusion before heart graft induces the differentiation of regulatory CD25- T cells acting both in vitro and in vivo. This study constitutes the first demonstration of the existence of regulatory CD25- T cells able to transfer tolerance in a fully MHC mismatch model. Injection of a donor anti-class II MHC antibody the day of transplantation allowed to obtain a fully tolerant state. Maintenance and transfer of tolerance are here not controlled by T lymphocytes alone but required complex mechanisms of regulation with the need of T cells/non-T cells cooperation
Halbout, Philippe. „Rôle de l'insuline dans la rupture de tolérance chez la souris NOD“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrochu, Sylvie. „Tolérance et réponse des lymphocytes T aux antigènes mineurs d'histocompatibilité post-transplantation médullaire allogénique“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32594.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKared, Hassen. „Facteurs de croissance et progéniteurs hématopoïetiques autologues : de nouveaux outils pour la restauration de la tolérance au soi dans le diabète auto-immun“. Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExpansion of regulatory T cells in vivo is a promising strategy to cure auto-immune diseases. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of hematopoiesis either by the growth factor G-CSF or by transplantation of mobilised hematopoietic progenitors (HPC), but not of medullary hematopoietic stem cells, increases CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers in peripancreatic lymph nodes and provides protection against type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse. Protection is based on the following mechanisms : G-CSF promotes the differentiation of semi-mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells which in turn recruit Treg whereas HPC directly expand Treg. The HPC-Treg interaction requires cell contact and activates the Notch signalling pathway via Jagged2, selectively expressed on HPC, which increases Notch3 expression on Treg. This selective expression of jagged2 on mobilised progenitors needs to be confirmed in human and could represent a novel way to distinguish immunogenic from tolerogenic progenitors
Chen, Ting. „Similarities and differences of the early immune responses to tumor or embryo implantation“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnusson, Fay. „Etude de la tolérance périphérique aux antigènes du soi dans un modèle de souris transgénique“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/192/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral mechanisms of peripheral self-tolerance, including CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and the newly identified direct presentation of antigen by lymph node (LN) stromal cells, contribute to protecting our bodies and animals from self-damaging autoimmune diseases. We first sought to determine the relative contribution of antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells to intestinal autoimmunity. To this end, we studied autoimmune targeting of an ectopic antigen expressed by enteric glial cells, in transgenic mouse models. We found that direct presentation of antigen by LN stromal cells caused the activation induced cell death of specific CD8 T cells. In contrast, conventional CD4 T cells were not affected by this mechanism of tolerance and their targeting of enteric glial cells produced lethal intestinal autoimmunity. Thus, we conclude that in our mouse model, this novel mechanism of peripheral tolerance preferentially protects against CD8 T cell intestinal autoimmunity. Furthermore, we have established a new model of antigen-specific CD4 T cell-mediated small intestine autoimmunity. To determine the relative contribution of Tregs, DCs and LN stromal cells for protection against autoimmunity, we sought conditions that make adoptively transferred naïve conventional CD8 T cells autoaggressive. Depletion of Treg cells, non-specific activation of the T cells through their lymphopenic expansion, and inhibition of TGF-beta receptor signaling in T cells achieved autoimmunity. The CD8 T cells caused multi-organ autoimmunity, but the intestine was not affected. Since insensitivity to TGF-beta rendered the T cells resistant to deletion through cross-presentation but not direct presentation of antigen, we conclude that the former was the critical mechanism determining the outcome of the immune response. Furthermore, these observations leave the possibility open that direct presentation by LN stromal cells preferentially protects the intestine against CD8 T cell attack, although other mechanisms of mucosal tolerance may be also involved. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms of peripheral CD8 T cell tolerance, and tissue specific autoimmunity. A thorough understanding of these events is necessary to allow effective therapeutic intervention in autoimmunity and cancer
Bouaziz, Jean-David. „Dualité fonctionnelle cellulaire des lymphocytes B dans les maladies inflammatoires : le concept des lymphocytes B effecteurs et régulateurs“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutoimmunity results from abnormal B and T cell recognition of self antigens, which leads to autoantibody production in many cases. Autoantibodies produced by B cell-derived plasma cells provide diagnostic markers for autoimmunity, but also contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis. The therapeutic benefit of depleting B cells in mice and humans has refocused attention on B cells and their role in autoimmunity beyond autoantibody production. B cells specifically serveas cellular adjuvants for CD4+ T cell activation, while regulatory B cells, including those that produce IL-10 (B10 cells), function as negative regulators of inflammatory immune responses. The role of effector B cells is shown in the non obese diabetic mouse model (NOD) whereas the role of regulatory B cells is demonstrated in a contact dermatitis model. During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, early B cell depletion makes the disease worst whereas B cell depletion after disease onset improves clinical symptoms, reflecting counter regulatory B cell functions during autoimmunity
Condamine, Thomas. „Caractérisation de nouvelles molécules impliquées dans la tolérance immune“. Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=7ae11d03-0c92-4e1e-a1a5-0c1a174b07a0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA better understanding of immune mechanisms involved in allograft rejection or tolerance has to be considered as a major research goal. This knowledge could lead to the design of new therapeutical approach that could be used in the future to replace immunosuppressive treatment. In the first part of this thesis, we have study the potential role of two molecules upregulated in a model of cardiac allograft tolerance in the rat: The Follistatin-Like 1 (FSTL1) and TORID. We have shown that FSTL1 is produced by graft infiltrating CD8+ T cells in this model and that FSTL1 could induce a prolonged allograft survival in association with inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL6, IL17 and IFNγ. In the study of the molecule TORID, we have been able to show a role of this molecule in the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) and a role on the regulation, of previously described, immunomodulatory enzymes in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In addition, in a model of skin graft tolerance induction involving MDSC, we have shown that we can not induce a tolerance in TORID deficient mice. In the second part of this thesis, we have study the expression and regulation of the molecule Schlafen-3 (SLFN3) in the immune system and in particular in regulatory T cells (Tregs). We have been able to show that this molecules was strongly expressed in Tregs in comparison to effectors T cells and that, following stimulation, the expression of SLFN3 is downregulated in Tregs but increased in effectors T cells
Joffre, Olivier. „Utilisation du potentiel immunosupresseur des lymphocytes T CD4+ CD25+ dans l'induction de tolérance aux allogreffes de tissus ou d'organes solides“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaideau, Béatrice. „Tolérance à la proinsuline chez la souris“. Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeciphering the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance in a normal individual is essential to understand how it can be broken and to propose new therapeutic approaches in type 1 diabetes. Proinsulin is a major autoantigen. The aim of our study is to define how CD4+ T cell tolerance to proinsulin-2 is established and maintain in a non diabetes-prone strain of mice. Proinsulin-2 deficient mice are intolerant to proinsulin-2 in contrast to wt mice. We evidenced the unique functional role of proinsulin-2 expression by radioresistant thymic cells in tolerance induction. Coexpression of proinsulin-2 and an intolerant T cell repertoire did not induce diabetes in normal mice. Although proinsulin-2 expressing islets were able to initiate a non destructive T and B cell immune response b islet cells seem mostly ignored by autoreactive T lymphocytes. Induction of central T cell tolerance and peripheral ignorance are two successive barriers involved in immune tolerance to proinsulin-2
Chabod, Marianne. „Rôle de Themis dans l'homéostasie du système immunitaire et intestinale“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1410/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders caused by multifactorial factors in a genetically predisposed host. The current challenge lies on the identification of the causal gene variants and on the analysis of their contribution to disease physiopathology. We identified a spontaneous mutation in Brown-Norway rats responsible for a lymphopenia restricted to the CD4 T cell compartment that originates from the thymus and is T cell autonomous. This mutation was fixed and named BNm for "BN mutated". Interestingly, BNm rats spontaneously develop inflammatory lesions on all sections of the intestine. Oedema and erythema associated with a shortening of the intestine and thickening of the intestinal wall were evidenced. Histological analysis revealed intestine wall multifocal infiltration composed of polynucleated cells, macrophages with few T cells. Granuloma were often observed. This infiltration was confirmed by an increased myeloperoxidase activity and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in injured tissus. Thus, the intestinal inflammation developed by BNm rat shares many features with Crohn's disease. This disease is concomitant with CD4 T cell hyperactivation in secondary lymphoid organs. CD4 T cells from BNm rat present an altered cytokine profile with an increased secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17A, compared to control rats. Furthermore, BNm deficiency leads to impaired regulatory T cell function in vitro and is associated with IBD development. Indeed, the occurrence of the pathology can be prevented by transfer of wild type regulatory T lymphocytes. Linkage analysis and a genetic dissection led us to identify Themis as the mutated gene. Thus, Themis should be considered henceforth as a candidate susceptibility gene for chronic inflammatory diseases through its effects on CD4 T cell polarization and regulatory T cell suppressive functions
Terrada, Céline. „Approche de thérapie cellulaire par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+ dans l'uvéite chez la souris“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077180.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUveitis are potentially blinding ocular pathologies affecting young patients in the lndustrialized countries. Current treatments involve systemic or local administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for steroid-sparing. The side effects and sometimes inefficiency of those treatments led us to propose an alternative local cellular therapy using CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with severe bilateral uveitis. First of all a pre-clinical murin model of experimental uveo-retinitis has been reported. Innovated Tregs cellular approach in auto-immune diseases is very hopeful and can be test using this model. Nevertheless, efficacy of this strategy is correlate to the suppressive bystander effect of activated Tregs in the target tissu. Intra-vitreal injection of in vitro pre-activated polyclonal Tregs have been tested and controlled the ocular inflammation. Our results are very interesting and agree with the Tregs therapeutic approach
Goubier, Anne. „Foie et tolérance périphérique : rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des cellules NK-T“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/57/53/PDF/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe liver is thought to contribute to systemic T cell tolerance, although the precise mechanism of its tolerogenic effect is unclear. This function could be particularely important to induce T cell tolerance to orally absorbed antigen circulating to the liver from the intestine via the portal vein. The aim of our study was to precise the role of the liver in peripheral tolerance and notably in oral tolerance by using a murine model of contact sensitivity to the hapten DNFB, induced by cytotoxic CD8+ effector cells. We have identified two subsets of cells enriched in the liver and involved in the regulation and tolerance of the immune response : i) the plasmacytoid dendritic cells which inhibit the CD8+ T cells response in vivo and play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance and ii) the NK-T cells able to regulate the CD8+ T cells response during the afferent and the efferent phase of the immune response
Florez, Corredor Laura Maria. „Découverte du rôle trophique des lymphocytes T régulateurs mémoire résidents du tissu utérin pendant la grossesse“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066642.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role during early pregnancy locally in the uterus and systemically, in the secondary lymphoid organs and blood. In the uterine tissue, I identified a novel population of tissue-resident effectors-memory regulatory T cells (uregTrm). Before pregnancy, uregTrm have a unique transcriptional profile and phenotype in response to the uterine microenvironment. During early pregnancy, uregTrm expand and express new genes implicated in trophic functions such as extracellular matrix remodeling, hypoxia and vasculogenesis. uregTrm trophic function was compared to the mechanisms developed by Tregs from melanoma tumour infiltrate. In the secondary lymphoid organs and blood, circulating Tregs contribute to successful pregnancy by promoting maternal-fetal tolerance. We showed that these Tregs orchestrate down regulation of immune responses in the early pregnant uterus. Besides, Tregs act in three stages. First, self-specific uregTrm and draining lymph nodes Tregs rapidly contain an autoimmune response that could have been triggered by release of cell debris due to the endometrium tissue high proliferation. Second, uregTrm contribute to the increased need of uterine tissue remodeling for placentation. In a third stage, accompanying the fetal mass increase, inducible Tregs help to control the anti-fetal immune response. This further highlights the specialization of Tregs in tissues and underline the relevance of Tregs during pregnancy and disease
Bergot, Anne-Sophie. „Les lymphocytes T régulateurs spécifiques du soi : clés de l’immunité des tumeurs“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066399.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeriari, Nacer-Eddine. „Analyse de l'expression de PD-1 et BTLA, membres de la famille CD28, et caractérisation fonctionnelle sur les lymphocytes T“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20698.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCottrez, Françoise. „Etude de la sous population T régulatrice Tr1 : rôle de l'IL-10 et du TGf. β dans l'autoimmunité“. Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE3051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Guen Valentin. „Induction de la tolérance allogénique par transfert de gène dans le foie“. Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b85ec169-3bd5-4aa3-867c-0d702ddbe083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInduction of donor-specific immune tolerance is a good alternative to chronic life-long immunosuppression for the avoidance of allograft rejection. Donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules represent the main targets of the allogeneic immune response of transplant recipients. Liver-targeted gene transfer with viral vectors induces tolerance toward the encoded antigen. To determine whether alloantigen gene transfer to hepatocytes induces tolerance and promotes graft acceptance, C57Bl/6 (H-2b) mice were treated with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector targeting the expression of the MHC I molecule H-2Kd to hepatocytes. AAV H-2Kd treated mice were tolerant to the alloantigen, as demonstrated by its long-term expression at the membrane of the hepatocytes, even after a highly immunogenic challenge with an adenoviral vector. In addition, after induction of diabetes, the AAV treated mice had significantly delayed rejection of fully allogeneic pancreatic islet grafts from Balb/c mice (H-2d), with more than 40% recipients tolerant (>100 days). AAV mediated expression of H-2Kd in the liver induced the local expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes with allo-specific suppressive properties. The adoptive transfer of these liver-generated CD8+ Tregs into naive diabetic mice promoted the long-term survival of allogeneic pancreatic islet grafts. We demonstrate for the first time that AAV-mediated long-term expression of a single MHC I molecule in the liver induces the generation of a subset of allospecific CD8+ Treg cells, which promotes tolerance toward fully allogeneic graft. Liver gene transfer represents a promising strategy for in vivo induction of donor-specific tolerance
Ribot, Julie. „Etude du développement thymique des lymphocytes t régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+“. Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllez, Matthieu. „Identification d'une population unique de lymphocytes T CD8+ régulateurs activés par les cellules épithéliales intestinales“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Luduec Jean-Benoît. „Recherche et étude de gènes différentiellement exprimés dans des modèles de tolérance à l'allogreffe chez le rat“. Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=58b08ec1-b12b-4e48-9590-60b74cf8d65c.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUsing genes searching methods, we identified two molecules playing a potential role in the tolerance mechanisms. In a first model, based on the administration of an immunosuppressor, LF15-0195, we identified of Schlafen-3 (Slfn3), which is overexpressed in LT of tolerant animals. We showed that Slfn3 is a non exclusive marker of CD4+CD25+ natural regulatory T cells, but is also a marker of T cell activation. In a second model, based on the induction of tolerance by Donor Specific Transfusion (DST), we identified a gene coding for the Follistatin-Like 1 molecule (FSTL1), which is overexpressed in tolerated allografts. We showed that FSTL1 is expressed by T CD8+ graft infiltrating cells. The FSTL1 overexpression using viral vectors have a prolongation effect on allograft survival, suggesting an immunoregulator role of this molecule
Quentin, Julie. „Immunomodulation de l'arthrite expérimentale par les cellules dendritiques tolérogènes“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTolerogenic dendritic cells for immumodulation in experimental arthritis.Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play critical roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Based on their tolerogenic properties, DCs offer potential as therapeutic tools to ameliorate or prevent graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease, or to treat autoimmune disorders.The objectives of my PhD consisted to:- reinforce the tolerogenic potential of DCs by in vitro handling.- assess the capacity of such tolerogenic DCs to induce a protective response in experimental autoimmune arthritis- identify cellular and molecular mechanisms implied in the tolerogenic DCs-induced protectionOur results suggest that, in contrast with conventional DCs, the rapamycin-conditioned iDCs maintain their tolerogenic potential upon injection in inflammatory settings and are able to dampen an already Th1-primed immune response, conferring a protection from arthritis. The protection of the mice was associated with an expansion of the IL-10-secreting CD49b+ Treg in the spleen and liver of the injected mice and a decrease of the Th1 immune response. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of tolerogenic DCs in an established autoimmune disease as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of the CD49b+ Treg cell population induced following DC vaccination
Charaix, Jonathan. „La cytokine lymphotoxine α et le facteur de transcription Aire régulent la signature suppressive des lymphocytes T régulateurs“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0507.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRegulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) with a Foxp3+ phenotype inhibits in the periphery autoreactive immune responses, thus preventing the emergence of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Promising clinical trials based on Treg injection currently remain limited by the required quantity of cells and thus, necessitate the identification of molecules that promote Treg suppressive activity in order facilitate their use in therapy. Preliminary results from my research team indicate that Treg highly express the cytokine lymphotoxin α (LTa), suggesting a crucial role of this molecule in Treg biology. My results demonstrate that Treg from Lta-deficient mice exhibit a highly suppressive activity and attenuates efficiently the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. Therefore, LTα represents a new therapeutic target to increase Treg suppressive activity. The transcription factor Aire partially controls the thymic recirculation of peripheral Treg. However, the role of Aire in the biology of these cells remains unknown. My results indicate that Aire regulates the proliferation and the suppressive signature of recirculating Treg throughout life. Therefore, recirculating Treg in the thymus of Aire-deficient mice show a diminished suppressive activity and are unable to attenuate the emergence of a multi-organ autoimmunity.Results obtained during my PhD tend to identify new therapeutic stratégies based on Treg in order to cure several inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies
Daniel, Lauren. „Les lymphocytes T CD8 innés, une nouvelle population T non conventionnelle (re)programmée en transplantation rénale“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT1403.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInnate CD8 T-cells are a non-conventional αβ-T-cell population recently described in our laboratory. We call them “non-conventional” because of their expression of markers from both adaptive immunity (transcription factor Eomesodermin and memory T-cell phenotype) and innate immunity (Natural Killer cell receptors, response to innate-like cytokine stimulation). The functions of innate CD8 T-cells are not well-known, although there are strong arguments for their involvement in anti-infectious and anti-tumor immunity.It has been reported that immunosenescence and/or chronic antigenic stimulation (induced, for example, by chronic viral cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections) result(s) in NK marker expression by T-cells. This phenotype is therefore similar to that of our cells of interest. To study the influence of chronic antigen stimulation on CD8 T-cells, and especially their innate component, we chose organ transplantation as a model. In this domain, research has been focused on immune cell populations that may play a role in graft tolerance or rejection. Among them, innate CD8 T-cells deserve special attention due to their effector/cytotoxic innate functions. We presumed their being reprogrammed by graft and/or viral chronic stimulation during organ transplantation. This hypothesis was tested in a cohort of patients with kidney-transplants for more than ten years, under minimized immunosuppressive treatment (ciclosporin A (CsA) monotherapy), without any clinical and biological sign of rejection. First, our work revealed a more accentuated senescent phenotype (increased frequency of CD27(-)CD28(-) cells) in innate CD8 T-cells from healthy donors (HD) than in their conventional counterpart. Moreover, the frequency of the innate T-cell population, unlike that of conventional CD8 T-cells, did not correlate with age.In the cohort of transplant patients, we observed an increased frequency of innate CD8 T-cells, accompanied by an exacerbated senescent and terminal effector (CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)) phenotype, compared to HD cells. Patients with positive CMV serology had an increased senescent phenotype compared to patients with negative serology.By altering TCR signaling, CsA immunosuppressive therapy could also facilitate the (re)programming of CD8 T-cells in favor of their innate counterpart. In agreement with this hypothesis, in vitro modeling of CsA effects on CD8 T-cells from HD in the presence of IL-15 and TCR stimulation enabled us to document an increased innate CD8 T-cell pool to the detriment of the naive CD8 T-cell pool, accompanied by an enhancement of their functions (innate production of IFN-γ).Conversely, in transplant patients, innate CD8 T-cells were dysfunctional, with decreased innate IFN-γ production, which may result from their decreased membrane expression of the IL-15 receptor, a cytokine essential for innate CD8 T-cells. This dysfunction, which cannot be attributed to cellular exhaustion or cancer history, raises the question of the role of chronic allo-specific stimulation.All in all, this work suggests that the context of renal allogenic transplantation leads to reprogramming and aging-like phenotype of innate CD8 T-cells, linked (at least partially) to immunosuppressive treatment. This hypothesis requires confirmation by a precise analysis of the direct allo-specificity of innate CD8 T-cells against the graft
Rulle, Sandrine. „Mécanismes régulateurs dans l'arthrite : implication des cellules dendritiques tolérogènes“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRA is a chronic autoimmune disease. There is an excessive inflammatory reaction with presence of deleterious autoreactive T lymphocytes. The challenge is to identify strategies able to limit these inflammatory responses. Depending on their microenvironment, DC have a prominent role in the induction of phenomena of tolerance that are essential to the control of pathology. Our work was built on three parts: -The implication of 3 types of DC in vivo in a murine model of arthritis. Semi-mature and mature DC are associated with an improvement of the disease and induce an enrichment in Treg. -The study of AM action, a neuropeptide anti-inflammatory drug, on the phenotype and murine fonctions of DC in vitro. We highlighted that AM-treated DC have a regulating profile with an abundant expression of IDO, an enzyme implied in tolerance. As well, AM-stimulated DC had increased capacities to induce Treg. -The analysis of IDO expression profile and its biological activity in the peripheral blood of RA patients before and after biotherapy. We showed an IDO overexpression and an increased activity among RA patients in comparison with other pathologies. As well, we observed a different impact on IDO expression according to the biotherapy selected to treat the patient. These results suggest an IDO contribution in the regulation of disease activity. Thus, DC thanks to their cellular plasticity and their capacity to modulate other cells of immunity constitute a main target for the study of the physiopathology and the treatment of autoimmune diseases like RA
Gagné, Katia. „Étude des altérations de la chaine Vbéta du récepteur des lymphocytes T lors de la reconnaissance directe et indirecte des allo- ou xénoantigènes“. Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT09VS.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabidi-Galy, Sana Intidhar. „Altérations fonctionnelles et phénotypiques des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le cancer de l’ovaire“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10183/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOvarian cancer (OC) is an immunogenic disease and represents a good model for studying antitumoral immunity. We performed a systematic comparison between plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in blood, ascites, and tumors in term of frequencies, phenotypes, functions, and impact on outcome of OC patients. We found that pDC accumulate in ascites and are present in some tumors whereas they are profoundly depleted in patients’ blood. Their presence within tumors (but not ascites) is deleterious because associated with early relapse of OC patients. Moreover, Tumor associated pDC (TApDC) but not ascite pDC were altered in their innate function, i.e. the production of IFN-α in response to TLR ligands in vitro, and they induce the development of IL-10+ CD4+T cells. All these results suggest that TApDC but not ascite pDC induce immune tolerance allowing cancer progression. Treg accumulate in ascites and tumors but their levels in patients’ blood were not increased. Their accumulation in tumors, but not ascites, was an independent prognostic factor associated with delayed relapse. TATreg showed an activated phenotype and inhibit IL-10 production by CD4+conventional TAT cells. Interestingly, patients whose tumor infiltration by Foxp3+ Treg is increased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed delayed relapse suggesting that chemotherapy, in addition to its direct antitumoral effect, induces an immune response
Espinosa, Carrasco Gabriel. „L'activation des cellules T CD8+ et T CD4+ en réponse aux auto-antigènes : du tissu lymphoïde à l'organe cible“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms of peripheral tolerance to control CD8+ T cell responses. Under particular conditions that are not yet well understood, potentially autoreactive T cells may override tolerance and differentiate into effector cells capable of targeting the own components of the organism resulting in self-reactivity. Utilizing transgenic mice expressing a model antigen in the beta cells of the pancreas, I have studied two important processes involved in CD8+ T cells differentiation in response to self-antigens. 1) Role of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation in the breakdown of CD8+ T cell tolerance. It has been previously shown in our laboratory that lymphodepleting protocols, such as total body irradiation, promote breakdown of peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance. Irradiation induces translocation of commensal bacteria LPS, a potent innate immune system activator, into the bloodstream. My data demonstrated that LPS translocation correlated with systemic activation of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC), in particular CD8+ DC, responsible for pancreatic self-antigen cross-presentation, in lymphoid tissue. While antibiotic treatment of mice before irradiation prevented LPS translocation, DC activation was only partially affected, and onset of autoimmunity and breakdown of CD8+ T cell tolerance could not be prevented.2) Intra-vital visualization of effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cell cooperation in beta cell destruction in the pancreas. Using two-photon microscopy, I have been able, for the first time, to simultaneously analyze dynamics of fluorescently tagged autoreactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as they infiltrated the pancreas and induced autoimmune diabetes. I found that T cell infiltration promoted extracellular matrix remodeling in the pancreas, which in turn served as a scaffold for T cell migration. In addition, I showed that MHC class II dependent arrest of effector CD4+ T cells, due to interactions with antigen presenting cells, occasionally also implicating CD8+ T cells, provided help to effector CD8+ T cells in maintaining their effector functions
Lopes, Noëlla. „La lymphotoxine alpha : acteur clé de la régénération thymique et régulateur négatif de l'établissement de la tolérance centrale des lymphocytes T“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the thymus, medulla constitutes an essential compartment for clonal deletion and the generation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). Reciprocally, CD4+ thymocytes control the development of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). These bi-directional interactions are referred to as "crosstalk". It has been shown that this crosstalk induces the expression of lymphotoxin $alpha$ (LT$alpha$) in autoreactive CD4+ thymocytes, which controls the medulla organization. During my thesis, I studied the role of LT$alpha$ in: (1) thymic regeneration after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), (2) migration of antigen (Ag) presenting cells (APCs) in the thymus and (3) suppressive functions of Tregs. Project 1 has shown that LT$alpha$, regulated by RANKL, is overexpressed in lymphoid tissue inducer cells (LTi) after BMT and is critical for thymic regeneration. Furthermore, projet 2 has demonstrated that LT⍺ limits the migration of thymic APCs to fine-tune clonal deletion. Interestingly, Tregs strongly express LTα. Project 3 has demonstrated that Lta-/- Tregs exhibit a highly suppressive signature and that the transfer of these cells protects from intestinal inflammation and attenuates the development of autoimmunity. Finally, the last project has revealed that CD4+ thymocytes via Ag-specific interactions induce the development and function of mTECs. In absence of these interactions, T cells are autoreactive and induce autoimmunity, indicating that they are essential for the induction of T-cell tolerance
Desvignes, Cyril. „Mécanismes locaux et périphériques de la tolérance induite par voie orale : étude dans un modèle d'hypersensibilité retardée de contact aux haptènes“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMosconi, Éric. „Mise en évidence des propriétés immuno-régulatrices des complexes immuns du lait maternel : implications dans la prévention des maladies allergiques“. Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring my PhD, I studied oral tolerance induced, in a murine model, after breastfeeding by mothers sensitized and exposed to an antigen. We showed that these allergic mothers induce a total and long lasting prevention of asthma to their breastfed newborns. Our results also demonstrated that this prevention is a due to a mechanism of tolerance induction mediated by FoxP3+ regulatory T cells generation in the neonate. Tolerance induction was caused by immunoglobulins G-antigen immune complexes transfer from the mother to the child through the intestinal mucosa and was dependent on the presence of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) expression in the newborn. Moreover, conferred protection did not require the presence of TGF-beta and IgA in mother’s milk. Immune complexes present in breast milk of allergic mothers exhibit tolerogenic properties and an intrinsic ability to generate regulatory T cells after interaction with antigen presenting cells (APC). This tolerogenic role of immune complexes was unexpected since they have been described in the literature as immune system activators. Thus, we demonstrated that milk borne immune complexes are composed by immunoglobulins expressing sialic acid residues on their heavy chain which is at the origin of their immunosuppressive properties. Moreover, tolerogenic immune complexes interact with APC and confer them a tolerogenic phenotype characterized by a secretion of TGF-beta. Our study therefore highlights a tolerogenic role of immune complexes. The identification of these immunosuppressive effects could have an impact in medical fields
Klein, Martin. „Développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans l'asthme“. Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAsthma is one of the most frequent chronic inflammatory disease in the world. This pathology evolves through the patient's life and expresses different phenotype and endotype. Most of asthma treatments are focused on the Th2 phenotype but there are no efficient treatments for the non Th2 phenotype. Even though on Th2 patients only represent 5 to 10% of severe asthma, they are responsible for more 50% of asthma related costs. Thus, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies for them. Thanks to a mouse model of HDM-induced asthma we analyzed the efficacy of two treatments designed to reestablish the defect of immune tolerance in asthma. The use of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-derived peptide and a cytokines/anti-cytokines complex allow us to decrease airway hyperresponsiveness and innate and adaptative immunity, especially the Th2 and Th17 responses. This decrease of asthma features is associated to an increase of regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. Our results prove the great importance that the tolerance reestablishment is a key stone for design of new treatment in asthma regardless the asthma phenotype
Arvieux, Catherine. „Rôle de l'immunogénécité des hépatocytes et des cellules endothéliales hépatiques dans la tolérance des greffes de foie“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany hypothesis have been advanced to explain the relative tolerance of the hepatic graft. In the present work we have explored the immunogenicity of hepatocytes and hepatic endothelial cells et the alloreactivity of intrahepatic T lymphocytes. The study of the expression of the MHC molecules by rats hepatocytes showed that cholestasis was able to induce strong expression of MHC class I molecules with no detection of MHC classii on the cells. The tolerogenic role of these hepatocytes has been studied in a model of heterotopic cardiac allograft. Injection of hepatocytes from cholestatic animals significantly delayed rejection. These results confirm that hepatocytes are normally poorly immunogenic and suggest that they become tolorogenic when MHC classI expression is induced. Expression of highly purified human intrahepatic endothelial cells (HIHEC) surface molecules was determined by flow cyometry. HIHEC express ICAM-1, LFA-3 and MHC class I at rest and can be induced to express MHC class II antigens by high dose IFNand VCAM-1 by TNFa. However HIHEC failed to express CD28 ligands even after activation and where unable to support signifiant proliferation or cytokine secretion from either CD8+ and CD4+ allogenic T cells but coculture of allogenic T cells with HIHEC increased VCAM- 1 expression. This model suggests that interactions with allogenic T cells activated HIHEC, but HIHEC failed to support optimal activation of allogenic T cells. The study on samples of liver biopsies from liver transplant recipients with acute rejection showed that T lymphocytes were produced after expansion in the presence of IL-2. Even in the presenceof potential antigen presenting cells, Epstein-Barr virus transformed cells (B-EBV cells) lysate from the donor was unable to induce a strong alloreactive response from the recipient T cells, as the B-EBV cells were. In this model T lymphocytes allorecognition seems to violate the rule of self-MHC restriction. Those results show the irtiportant role of interactions of intrahepatic T lymphocytes with the graft cells during acute rejection of liver allograft
Chappert, Pascal. „Homéostasie et mécanisme d'action in vivo des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ chez la souris“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuabed, Asmahan. „Etude du rôle des sous-populations de cellules dendritiques dans l'expansion et les fonctions des cellules T régulatrices chez le rat“. Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b559e8b1-d26e-47a4-a17f-41f1ff36bc26.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have analysed in the rat the influence of different dendritic cell (DC) subsets on the proliferation and the suppressive activity of naturally occurring T regulatory cells (Treg) in vitro. DC subsets were purified from spleen and separated as: CD103+CD45R-CD4+ (CD4+ DC), CD103+CD45R-CD4- (CD4- DC) and CD103-CD45R+CD4+ or plasmacytoid DC (pDC). Our results show that the three mature DC subsets tested induced a strong proliferation of allogenic CD4+CD25-' Tcell but that, unlike conventional DC subsets (CD4- DC and CD4+ DC), mature pDC stimulated with TLR7 or 9 induce, in the absence of exogenous IL-2, a robust proliferative response of CD4+CD25+FOXP-3+ T cells (Treg), which are reputed hypoproliferative in vitro. Expansion of Treg by pDC is IL-2 independent, requires cell contact and is partially CD86-dependent. DC subsets also differentially control the suppressive activity of Treg in vitro. In the presence of conventional DC, Treg strongly suppress proliferation of, as well as IL-2 and IFN-γ production by effector T cells, whereas in the presence of pDC, Treg suppress IL-2 production by effector T cells but not their prolifeation and IFN-γ production. Our results indicate that anergy and suppressive activity of Treg are differentially controlled by DC subsets and suggest a role for pDC in the control of Treg in vivo
Sicard, Antoine. „Des antigènes particulaires synthétiques pour manipuler les fonctions anticorpsindépendantes des lymphocytes B : intérêt dans les stratégies d’induction de tolérance allo-immune“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllograft tolerance has been obtained in experimental models with adoptive transfer of ex vivo-expanded regulatory T cells (Treg) specific for donor antigens. Preclinical data have shown that Treg specific for indirectly presented alloantigens (indirect Treg) are mandatory for long-term tolerance. However, the ex vivo expansion of indirect Treg faces limitations,related essentially to the source of autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) used to stimulate T cells in vitro. B cells are (i) potent regulatory cells and (ii) APCs able to establish a privileged crosstalk with CD4+ T cells. However, the use of B cells as APCs is made problematic due to their inability to internalize and present non-cognate antigens. We have developed a novel nanobiotechnology-based approach to turn autologous polyclonal B cells into potent stimulators of antigen-specific T reg.Synthetic particulate antigens (SPAg) were generated by immobilizing (i) monoclonal antibodies directed against a framework region of B cell receptor (BCR) kappa-light chains and (ii) model antigens on fluorescent nanospheres of 400 nm in diameter.SPAg behaved like genuine particulate antigens when incubated in vitro with polyclonal murine B cells. SPAg bound to surface BCR of any kappa-positive B cells, triggered activation signal and were internalized in late endosomal compartment of B cells. SPAgloaded B cells induced activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells. This approach was transposable to humans’ cells. Importantly, regulatory properties could be conferred toSPAg-loaded B cells by CpG stimulation. SPAg-loaded regulatory B cells prevented proliferation of effector CD4+ T cells and induced proliferation of antigen-specific Treg in vitro.Autologous polyclonal B cells loaded with SPAg appear as an innovative platform to expand Treg ex vivo. This approach may improve the efficiency and costs of current procedures
Laloux, Véronique. „Rôle immuno-régulateur des lymphocytes TNK“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabidi-Galy, Sana Intidhar. „Altérations fonctionnelles et phénotypiques des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le cancer de l'ovaire“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861852.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle