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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Titane – Recyclage“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Titane – Recyclage"
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Khare, Bishun N., Christopher P. McKay, Dale P. Cruikshank, Yasuhito Sekine, Patrick Wilhite und Tomoko Ishihara. „Optical and chemical properties of tholins“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S251 (Februar 2008): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308022114.
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AbstractFor over three decades tholins have been synthesized from mixtures of the cosmically abundant gases CH4, C2H6, NH3, H2O, HCHO, N2, and H2, previously in the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University and in recent years at NASA Ames Research Center. The tholin synthesized by UV light or spark discharge on sequential and non-sequential pyrolysis GC-MS revealed hundreds of compounds, and on hydrolysis produced a large number of amino acids including racemic protein amino acids. Optical constants have been measured of many of the tholins, tholins produced from a condensed mixture of water and ethane at 77 K, poly HCN, and Titan tholin produced on electrical discharge through a mixture of 90% N2 and 10% CH4. Its optical constants were measured from soft x-rays to microwave for the first time.Here we report the absorption properties of Titan tholin that is produced in the temperature range 135 to 178 K where tholins are produced by magnetospheric charged particles, then pass through lower temperature at 70 K and finally to the ground at 95 K. While descending to the ground, it gets coated and processed on the way by other sources of energy such as long UV and cosmic rays. It is therefore expected that the stable products of CH4 photolysis react with Titan tholin to recycle the CH4 supply in Titan's atmosphere. Furthermore, the reactions of gaseous C2H6 with the reactive materials on the surface of the tholin could incorporate atmospheric C2H6 into the tholin and therefore might reduce the deposition rate of C2H6 onto the ground of Titan.
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Chen, Feng, Shengwei Liu und Jiaguo Yu. „Efficient removal of gaseous formaldehyde in air using hierarchical titanate nanospheres with in situ amine functionalization“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, Nr. 27 (2016): 18161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03037h.
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Chen, Aibing, Tiancong Zhao, Hui Gao, Limin Chen, Jinzhu Chen und Yifeng Yu. „Titanate nanotube-promoted chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonate: a combined experimental and computational study“. Catalysis Science & Technology 6, Nr. 3 (2016): 780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01024a.
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Shi, Liang, Bohua Dong, Rongjie Gao, Ge Su, Wei Liu, Chenghui Xia, Fenghuan Zhao und Lixin Cao. „Hierarchical Fe3O4@titanate microspheres with superior removal capability for water treatment: in situ growth and structure tailoring via hydrothermal assisted etching“. RSC Advances 5, Nr. 89 (2015): 73126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06362k.
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Arun, V., und K. R. Sankaran. „Efficient and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Fluorenone Azines by Using Sulphated Titania Acid Catalyst“. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (September 2015): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.58.137.
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Conjugated unsymmetrical azines have been synthesized in the presence of acid catalyst sulphated-titania (TiO2-SO42-) from fluorenone hydrazone with substituted aldehydes and acetophenones by using mortar and pestle. The scope of present synthetic route avoid in solvents, simple operating method and shorter reaction time. Special feature of synthetic method is recyclable catalyst for all in reactions.
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Arun, V., und K. R. Sankaran. „Efficient and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Fluorenone Azines by Using Sulphated Titania Acid Catalyst“. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (02.09.2015): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-un5562.
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Conjugated unsymmetrical azines have been synthesized in the presence of acid catalyst sulphated-titania (TiO2-SO42-) from fluorenone hydrazone with substituted aldehydes and acetophenones by using mortar and pestle. The scope of present synthetic route avoid in solvents, simple operating method and shorter reaction time. Special feature of synthetic method is recyclable catalyst for all in reactions.
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Yan, Ai, Wen Yan Huang, Yuan Cai Lv und Ming Hua Liu. „Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Laden SiO2/TiO2 Composite Photocatalyst“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.504.
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SiO2/TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method applying tetrabutyl titanate as the precursor and cullets as the carrier. The optimal preparing conditions of the SiO2/TiO2 composite photocatalyst were optimized. The optimal conditions included 2:1 of the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to tetrabutyl titanate, 3 load times, 600°C of calcinations temperature, 3 h of calcination time, 3 mL of the dosage of CH3COOH and 5:1 of the molar ratio of water to tetrabutyl titanate. The photodegradation percentage of methylene blue could reach 92.26% under the above optimal conditions. Moreover, after three times of the repeated use, the SiO2/TiO2 composite photocatalyst still had a relatively high catalytic activity and stability, and the recycle percentage of the photocatalyst could reach 92.80%.
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Phonthammachai, N., J. Kim und T. J. White. „Synthesis and performance of a photocatalytic titania-hydroxyapatite composite“. Journal of Materials Research 23, Nr. 9 (September 2008): 2398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0290.
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The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) over a porous titania-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite under ultraviolet radiation was studied. The catalyst was prepared by coating porous HAp with a titanium butoxide [Ti(OBu)4] sol at titania loadings of 17–49 wt%. Quantitative powder x-ray diffraction showed higher proportions of anatase as the calcination temperature increased from 500 to 800 °C due to crystallization of an amorphous precursor. The transformation of anatase to rutile was delayed until 900 °C, demonstrating the high thermal stability of the composite. Decomposition of HAp to α- and β- tricalcium phosphates takes place at 900 °C and is accompanied by the formation of perovskite at 1000 °C. A systematic study of the influence of calcination temperature and titania:HAp ratios demonstrated that for the optimal material, a surface area of 100 m2 g−1 was obtained at a titania loading of 49 wt% and calcination temperature of 600 °C. A highly dispersed suspension of finely ground titania-HAp enhanced the photodegradation of MB, allowed a high percentage recovery of catalyst, and was shown to be recyclable.
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Bello, Roger H., Jacks P. Priebe und Luiz AF Coelho. „Barium titanate‐based nanodielectrics of two chemically recyclable thermosets“. Polymer International 68, Nr. 4 (03.01.2019): 700–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.5755.
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Maafa, Ibrahim M., und Mohammad Ashraf Ali. „Enhanced Organic Pollutant Removal Efficiency of Electrospun NiTiO3/TiO2-Decorated Carbon Nanofibers“. Polymers 15, Nr. 1 (27.12.2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010109.
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A nanocomposite comprised of nickel titanate/titania nanoparticles decorated with carbon nanofibers (NiTiO3/TiO2-decorated CNFs) is successfully synthesized via electrospinning and further utilized for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. The morphology, phase, structural and chemical composition of the nanocomposite is investigated via scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray. A mathematical model is developed to predict the photocatalytic activity of the produced nanocomposite by considering parameters such as initial dye concentration, light intensity, reaction temperature, and catalyst dosage. The reaction rate constant K1 decreased from 0.0153 to 0.0044 min−1 with an increase in the MB concentration from 5 to 15 mg L−1, while K2, K3, and K4 were found to increase with the increase in reaction temperature (0.0153 to 0.0222 min−1), light intensity (0.0153 to 0.0228 min−1) and catalyst dose concentration (0.0153 to 0.0324 min−1), respectively. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the modeling results and showed effective photodegradation activity. The performance of our catalyst is found to be better compared to other catalysts previously reported in the literature. The recyclability data of the synthesized NiTiO3/TiO2-decorated CNFs catalyst for four runs show that the catalyst is quite stable and recyclable. This nanocomposite photocatalyst offers a low-cost solution for wastewater pollution problems and opens new avenues to further explore the electrospinning method for the synthesis of nanocomposites.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Titane – Recyclage"
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Ayadh, Widad. „Étude du procédé de recyclage d’alliages de titane par fusion plasma (PAMCHR) pour application aéronautique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0214.
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Le procédé de recyclage de titane par plasma d'arc (PAMCHR) doit garantir une propreté inclusionnaire afin de satisfaire les normes de qualité aéronautique. Dans ce procédé, les creusets sont en cuivre refroidis à l'eau, et l'apport thermique est le plasma d'arc des torches. Les travaux de modélisation présentés dans ce manuscrit portent leur effort sur l'étape de fusion du procédé. Il correspond à l'étape d'entrée et de fusion de matière pour permettre son écoulement vers le creuset d'affinage. Une autre part importante du travail concerne la modélisation du comportement des inclusions au sein du métal liquide, que ce soit pour les inclusions de haute densité (HDIs) et celles à faible densité (LDIs). À partir d'un modèle 3D développé au cours d'un travail antérieur utilisant le logiciel CFD Ansys-Fluent, la modélisation du creuset de fusion a permis d'obtenir une modélisation 3D transitoire complète de l'écoulement du métal liquide dans les différents creusets du four PAMCHR. Les simulations ont été confrontées à des mesures expérimentales sur le four pilote de l'IRT-M2P (puits liquide, distribution des temps de séjour) avec une comparaison jugée satisfaisante. Cette étape a permis d'aborder la modélisation de trajectoires et d'élimination des inclusions (HDIs et LDIs). Les HDIs sont globalement éliminées par piégeage dans le creuset de fusion en moins d'une seconde. Un essai d'ensemencement vient confirmer ce constat. Pour les LDIs, des essais de dissolution ont été mis en place dans le four à bombardement électronique (BE) du laboratoire afin de définir à la fois le mécanisme de dissolution et d'identifier les différents paramètres intervenants lors de ce processus. De ces travaux a été dégagé un modèle de dissolution simplifié adapté à des éponges de titane nitruré rugueuses et poreuses, modèle qui a été couplé au calcul de trajectoire. Une analyse statistique sur une forte population d'inclusion montre que les deux creusets du four PAMCHR pilote contribue à l'élimination des LDIs (>95%), soit par piégeage soit par dissolution avec une efficacité qui dépend fortement de la porosité, l'état de surface et la taille des particulesThe plasma arc melting cold hearth refining process (PAMCHR) must guarantee a high level of inclusion cleanliness to satisfy the strict aerospace quality. The furnace copper crucibles are water-cooled, and the thermal input comes from a plasma arc generated by torches. The modeling work presented focuses primarily on the melting phase, which corresponds to the raw material's entry and melting, allowing its flow toward the refining crucible. Another important part of this work is the modeling of inclusion behavior and elimination in the liquid metal bath, for both high-density inclusions (HDIs) and low-density inclusions (LDIs). Based on a 3D model developed in a previous study, by means of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Ansys-Fluent, the simulation of the melting step leads to a complete transient 3D modeling of the metal liquid flow in the PAMCHR crucibles. The simulation results were compared with experimental measurements carried out on the IRT-M2P pilot furnace (liquid pool profile and residence time distribution), showing satisfactory results. This stage allowed us to tackle the modeling of inclusion trajectories and elimination (HDIs and LDIs). HDIs are mainly removed through trapping in the melting crucible skull in less than a second, and this result was confirmed through seeding experiments. For LDIs, dissolution tests were carried out in an electron beam furnace (EB) to determine both the dissolution mechanism and the parameters influencing this process. From these studies, a simplified dissolution model was developed (adapted to rough and porous nitrided titanium sponges) and coupled to the trajectory calculations. A statistical analysis of a large inclusion population shows that the two PAMCHR crucibles of the pilot furnace contribute to the elimination of LDIs (>95%), either by trapping or by dissolution, with efficiency strongly influenced by porosity, surface condition, and particle size
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Chabert, Mickaël. „Recyclage et revalorisation de films de PET / PVDC par extrusion réactive à basse température“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10045.
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Une voie originale de recyclage des films de PET / PVDC est proposée par leur transformation chimique avec des alcoxydes de titane par procédé d'extrusion réactive à l'état solide. Les réactions d'échanges entre ces composés organo-métalliques et le PET ont été mises en oeuvre à des températures entre 250 et 280° C à l'échelle du laboratoire et ont permis de segmenter les chaînes de PET, en de petits oligomères avec des températures de fusion basses, sur des temps de réaction très courts de l'ordre de quelques minutes. Ces oligomères peuvent être post-fonctionnalisés avec des diols. Le transfert technologique de ces réactions d'échange à l'échelle de l'extrudeuse bi-vis pilote a été optimisé afin de permettre la transformation des films de PET / PVDC à des températures comprises entre 160 et 180 °C pour ne pas dégrader le PVDC. Les alcoxydes de titane permettent de stabiliser les dégagements d'acide chlorhydrique (HCl) lors de la dégradation thermique de ce polymère halogéné. La revalorisation de ces oligomères dans différents systèmes polyuréthanes a ensuite été étudiée et a démontré la compatibilité des oligomères de PET avec ces matrices avec l'amélioration de certaines propriétés physiques et mécaniquesAn original way for recycling PET / PVDC films is proposed by their chemical transformation with titanium alkoxydes by reactive extrusion process in the solid state. The exchange reactions between these organo-metallic species and the PET were carried out at temperatures between 250 and 280°C at laboratory scale and they have allowed to shorten the PET's chains, in short oligomers with low melting temperatures, in a range of reaction time of few minutes. These oligomers could be post-functionalized with diols. The technologic transfert of these exchange reactions to the twin screw extruder scale was optimized in order to transform PET / PVDC films at temperatures between 130 and 180°c without degrading the PVDC. The titanium alkoxydes allow to stabilize the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) during thermal degradation of this halogenated polymer. The reuse of these oligomers into different polyurethane systems were then studied and demonstrated the compatibility of PET oligomers with these matrix with improvements of some physical and mechanical properties
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Chabert, Mickaël. „Recyclage et revalorisation de films de PET / PVDC par extrusion réactive à basse température“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10045.
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Une voie originale de recyclage des films de PET / PVDC est proposée par leur transformation chimique avec des alcoxydes de titane par procédé d'extrusion réactive à l'état solide. Les réactions d'échanges entre ces composés organo-métalliques et le PET ont été mises en oeuvre à des températures entre 250 et 280° C à l'échelle du laboratoire et ont permis de segmenter les chaînes de PET, en de petits oligomères avec des températures de fusion basses, sur des temps de réaction très courts de l'ordre de quelques minutes. Ces oligomères peuvent être post-fonctionnalisés avec des diols. Le transfert technologique de ces réactions d'échange à l'échelle de l'extrudeuse bi-vis pilote a été optimisé afin de permettre la transformation des films de PET / PVDC à des températures comprises entre 160 et 180 °C pour ne pas dégrader le PVDC. Les alcoxydes de titane permettent de stabiliser les dégagements d'acide chlorhydrique (HCl) lors de la dégradation thermique de ce polymère halogéné. La revalorisation de ces oligomères dans différents systèmes polyuréthanes a ensuite été étudiée et a démontré la compatibilité des oligomères de PET avec ces matrices avec l'amélioration de certaines propriétés physiques et mécaniquesAn original way for recycling PET / PVDC films is proposed by their chemical transformation with titanium alkoxydes by reactive extrusion process in the solid state. The exchange reactions between these organo-metallic species and the PET were carried out at temperatures between 250 and 280°C at laboratory scale and they have allowed to shorten the PET's chains, in short oligomers with low melting temperatures, in a range of reaction time of few minutes. These oligomers could be post-functionalized with diols. The technologic transfert of these exchange reactions to the twin screw extruder scale was optimized in order to transform PET / PVDC films at temperatures between 130 and 180°c without degrading the PVDC. The titanium alkoxydes allow to stabilize the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) during thermal degradation of this halogenated polymer. The reuse of these oligomers into different polyurethane systems were then studied and demonstrated the compatibility of PET oligomers with these matrix with improvements of some physical and mechanical properties
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Blanc, Toinou. „Fabrication additive par dépôt laser direct de TA6V : étude expérimentale dans des régimes de forte productivité, modèles de comportement et recyclage de la poudre“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM047.
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La fabrication additive, ou impression 3D, regroupe plusieurs procédés permettant d’obtenir des pièces par empilement de couches de matière à partir de modèles CAO, sans outillage spécifique. En l’espace d’une dizaine d’années, les procédés additifs ont vu leur notoriété croître bien plus rapidement que la rentabilité de leurs applications industrielles.En effet, ces technologies doivent encore gagner en maturité, en particulier pour les applications métalliques. C’est l’enjeu du projet FUI-9 FALAFEL dans lequel s’inscrit cette thèse, menée en partenariat avec plusieurs acteurs industriels et académiques. Elle a pour but d’accompagner le développement du procédé de dépôt laser direct (DLD), aussi appelé dépôt de métal assisté par laser (LMD).Celui-ci consiste à projeter et à fondre de la poudre métallique sur un substrat suivant un motif défini, couche après couche. Il permet d’obtenir des pièces de grandes dimensions peu complexes avec un état de surface moyen et une productivité correcte, mais encore insuffisante pour son industrialisation.La spécificité de ce travail est d’étudier le procédé DLD avec l’alliage de titane TA6V, dans des régimes opératoires permettant d’atteindre des débits volumiques de construction élevés (> 100 cm3/h).Les recherches sont orientées suivant deux axes. En premier lieu, on s’attache à améliorer la compréhension et la maîtrise du procédé, en établissant les relations entre paramètres opératoires, critères géométriques, stabilité du bain de fusion, rendement massique et microstructure générée.Dans un deuxième temps, on s’intéresse à la possibilité de réutiliser les poudres projetées non fondues. On étudie jusqu’à 3 niveaux de recyclage de la poudre, sans dilution avec de la poudre neuve, puis on vérifie que les propriétés mécaniques sont en accord avec les exigences aéronautiquesAdditive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, aggregates several processes that allows to build parts by stacking layers of a given material, directly from CAD models, without specific tools. Over the past decade, additive processes have gained in notoriety much more rapidly than their industrial applications gained in profitability.Indeed, these technologies must still mature, especially for metallic applications. This is the challenge of the project FUI-9 FALAFEL, in which this thesis takes place, carried out in partnership with several industrial and academic actors. It aims to accompany the development of the direct laser deposition process (DLD), also known as laser metal deposition (LMD).This consists in projecting and melting metal powder on a substrate in a defined pattern, layer by layer. It allows to obtain large size and low complexity parts with high roughness and a proper productivity, despite being still insufficient for industrialization.The specificity of the present work is to study the DLD process in operating modes that allow to reach high build rates (> 100 cc/h), in application to the titanium alloy TA6V.This work is driven by two research focus. In the first place, we try to improve the understanding and control of the process by establishing the relationships between operating parameters, geometric criteria, melt pool stability, process efficiency and generated microstructure.In a second stage, we focus on the possibility to reuse powders that remain unmelted after deposition. Up to 3 levels of powder recycling are studied, without dilution with new powder. We then carried out tests to check that the mechanical properties were in accordance with the aeronautical requirements
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Vinson, Pierre. „Fusion sélective par laser de lits de poudre : Étude sur le recyclage de la poudre et détection de défauts au cours de la fabrication par imagerie thermique“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0068.
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La fabrication directe et additive regroupe un ensemble de technologies de mise en forme des matériaux en rupture avec les procédés conventionnels. L'industrie aéronautique et aérospatiale s'intéresse fortement à ces nouveaux procédés, dont la fusion sélective par laser de lits de poudre métallique (SLM). Cette thèse présentera les enjeux de la fabrication additive ainsi que certains procédés. Une étude bibliographique a été menée sur deux alliages aéronautiques utilisés dans ces travaux : l'alliage de titane TA6V et le superalliage base nickel Nimonic 263. Les travaux présentés dans ce rapport comprennent l'étude de la poudre métallique brute d'atomisation (morphologie, granulométrie, composition chimique). D'autre part, l'étude de la recyclabilité de la poudre utilisée en SLM est présentée pour le TA6V, tant en ce qui concerne l'évolution de la poudre elle-même que celle des propriétés mécaniques des pièces qui en sont issues. Par ailleurs ce travail traite d'un modèle de consolidation du lit de poudre permettant également d'évaluer la productivité du procédé. Enfin, une étude paramétrique et thermique menée sur le Nimonic 263 en vue de l'établissement d'une solution de contrôle procédé est présentéeDirect and additive manufacturing regroups several new technologies that are very different from conventional manufacturing processes such as casting. Aeronautic and space industries are really interested in those new processes such as the selective laser melting of metallic powder beds know as the SLM process. This PhD thesis report will show the issues of additive manufacturing and will describe some processes. A bibliography study has been done on two aeronautical alloys used in this work: titanium alloy TA6V and nickel-based superalloy Nimonic 263. This work also presents powder characterization (granulometry, morphology chemical composition) for the gas atomized powder. Besides, study has been done on the recyclability of the TA6V powder for the SLM process, for the powder itself and the mechanical properties of parts built from recycled powder. Moreover, this works deals with a powder bed consolidation model to estimate the productivity of the process. Then, a parametric and thermal study has been done on the Nimonic 263. The coaxial system for thermal visualization is described such as the image processing algorithm used. Finally, this reports deals with the study of thermal signature of typical SLM defects
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Pasternak, Nicolas. „Synthèses de matériaux mésoporeux et nanoparticulaires plus écologiques à base de silicium et titane“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0911.
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Les matériaux d’oxyde de silice et de titane sont présents dans de nombreux domaines (chimie, environnemental, médical, pharmaceutique, etc.). Le principal problème de ces matériaux concerne les forts coûts financier et environnemental de leur synthèse. Dans ce travail de recherche, l’objectif fut de résoudre cette problématique. Ainsi, une nouvelle synthèse d’oxyde de silice a été élaborée. Ces nanostructures ont été analysées par les méthodes de caractérisation classique en sciences des matériaux (Adsorption volumétrique N2, Analyse Thermogravimétrique (ATG), …). Les propriétés viscoélastiques des milieux réactionnels ont été déterminées par micro-rhéologie. Une stratégie d’élimination de certaines familles de surfactant non ioniques (poloxamères et polyéthoxydes) utilisées comme template dans les synthèses de matériaux mésoporeux à base de silice (SBA-n, MSU-X, …) a été également mise en œuvre. Cette procédure a permis à la fois de récupérer les surfactants et d’obtenir des matériaux aux propriétés physicochimiques remarquables, identifiées par les mêmes méthodes d’instrumentation. Après fonctionnalisation de leur surface, les matériaux lavés semblent plus efficaces en termes d’adsorption de composés organiques que leurs homologues calcinés. Etendu aux oxydes de titane, tout aussi efficace pour éliminer les composés tensio-actifs, le procédé de lavage semble produire à partir d’un pourcentage de TiO2 (> 70 %) des matériaux hautement réactifs en photocatalyse et au pouvoir antibactérien assez élevéSilica and titanium oxides are present in many fields (chemistry, environmental, medical, pharmaceutical, etc…). The main problem of these materials concerns the synthesis financial and environmental costs. In this work, the aim was to solve this problem. A new greener silica oxide nanoparticles synthesis was prepared. These nanomaterials have been analyzed by the conventional characterization methods in material sciences (N2 volumetric adsorption, Thermogravitometric Analysis (TGA),...). The viscoelastic properties of the reaction media were determined by micro-rheology. A strategy for the elimination of non-ionic surfactant families (poloxamers and polyethylene oxide) ) used as template in the synthesis of mesoporous materials based on silica (SBA-n, MSU-X, ....) was also implemented. This procedure allowed to recover the surfactants and to obtain materials with remarkable physicochemical properties identified by the same methods instrumentation. After functionalization of the surface, the washed materials appear to be more efficient in terms of adsorption of organic compounds as their calcined counterparts. Extended to titanium oxide, the washing process seems to produce from a percentage of TiO2 (> 70%) highly reactive materials in photocatalysis and with a high antibacterial power
Buchteile zum Thema "Titane – Recyclage"
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Borgogna, Alessia, Gaetano Iaquaniello, Annarita Salladini, Emanuela Agostini und Mirko Boccacci. „Chemical Carbon and Hydrogen Recycle through Waste Gasification: The Methanol Route“. In Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98206.
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A large amount of valuable Carbon and Hydrogen is lost in the disposal of the non-recyclable fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) – particularly unsorted waste fraction and plastics residue from mechanical recycle process. The waste-to-chemical technology allows to exploit the components entrapped in the non-recyclable waste by converting it into new chemicals. The core of waste-to-chemical technology is the gasification process, which is designed to convert waste into a valuable syngas to be used as example for methanol production. Waste to methanol schemes allow to achieve significant environmental and economic benefits, which can be further intensified within the scenario of increasing share of renewable energy.
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Tiancheng Wei, Wei, Yu Sun und Eunkyoung Shim. „Progress of Recycled Polyester in Rheological Performance in Molding, and Economic Analysis of Recycled Fibers in Fashion and Textile Industry“. In Next-Generation Textiles [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103864.
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In textiles, in particular wearable technology structured, battery-illuminated electronic fabrics are moving toward to both electrical and esthetic aspects of printed LED (PLED) textiles. It is on one dimension that have had questioned an economic resolution of extensional methods as for battery-charged interior materials, and also has gained a more general questions on how to develop its recycle both yarn and fiber as traditional raw goods in together with any recyclable electronic parts or graphene, carbon nanotube contained components with that textile materials. Furthermore, recyclable assembled electronic parts back to the renewable materials are continuous moving in the low-energy, high-reusable rate evaluation in the lifecycle assessment (LCA) of them. Specifically, during the de-sulfurization and decoloring in the post-production processing in the quick removal of active carbon fiber or nanoparticle coating on surface of fiber-porous geo-matrix could advance the renewing production efficiency. In assumption of low-energy and high-conductible transformation from off-market polyester with dyes or metallic yarns for polyester in e-textiles, recyclable conductive graphene/microfibers/composites are articulated, as far as industrial lifecycle management of braided, fibers, and ultra-high-density polyethylene has impeccable performance in the high mechanical property, medium rheological expansion over molding process, and high-yield strength as in the following sustainability in the wearable garment.
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Roy, Amrita, Kasilingam Rajkumar und Bharat Kapgate. „Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt: Fundamentals to Recent Developments“. In Asphalt Materials - Recent Developments and New Perspective [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004314.
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Accumulation of polymeric solid wastes is a matter of distress and concern in the modern era. Plastic wastes are easier to recycle than rubbers, especially composite products like tires are very difficult to recycle. Finding sustainable end-of-life solutions for waste rubber products is crucial at present. The use of ground rubber, popularly known as crumb rubber obtained from the shredding of waste rubber goods in the construction of road pavements is one of the best possible ways to recycle rubber. About a billion end-of-life (ELT) tires are globally discarded every year, yet the use of crumb rubber generated from these tires in road construction is still negligible. The addition of crumb rubber not only permits the consumption of a significant amount of waste rubber but also provides numerous benefits to asphalt road pavement. Crumb rubber improves the rutting resistance, fatigue cracking and durability of roads. Rubberized asphalt roads also exhibit reduced traffic noise and increased driving safety. Though there are some limitations of crumb rubber as an additive, such as phase separation and poor workability, recent technical advancements are finding ways to overcome them. Further development of this technology is crucial for the establishment of a sustainable and circular economy.
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Kilivelu, Ganesan. „Perspective Chapter: Applications of Novel Ionic Liquids as Catalyst“. In Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108142.
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Ionic liquids have much interesting attention in the area of biomedical and it’s an alternative to traditional organic solvents owing to their unique chemical, physical properties and environmentally eco-friendly catalytic responses. Ionic liquids have distinct properties like tunability that allows their physical and chemical behaviors to be changed as desired by changing the organic cations with inorganic anions or inorganic cations with organic anions or both cation and anion from organic moieties. Most of the organic reactions are carried out with assistance of catalyst, usually commercially available catalyst are very expensive, more hydroscopic in nature, thermally unstable and very difficult to recycle them but ionic liquids are acted as potential Lewis acidic behaviors, thermally stable, easily recycle inexpensive compared to commercial catalyst and easy to prepare electrically neutral organic cation which are loosely bind with inorganic anions, and organic (pyridinium/imidazolium/piperidinium) cation could be easily accelerate (or) activate the functional group for most of the organic reactions. Hence, ionic liquids plays a vital role in modern organic synthetic field and may be inevitable in future research.
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A. Shebl, Yehia. „Reverse Osmosis in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Units“. In Desalination - Ecological Consequences [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110680.
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The MENA region faces a severe water crisis, prompting governments to take action by improving irrigation methods, treating and reusing sewage and agricultural wastewater, and issuing restrictions regulating industrial wastewater discharge. As a result, many large factories have established industrial wastewater treatment plants to recycle water, reduce reliance on external sources, comply with environmental regulations, and implement MLD or ZLD principles. This chapter will focus on industrial wastewater treatment using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. It will cover the treatment of various contaminants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, COD, BOD, TOC, and heavy metals. It will discuss different treatment methods and technologies to produce reusable water while achieving MLD and ZLD principles.
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Jose Alguacil, Francisco, und Jose Ignacio Robla. „Arsenic and Biosorption“. In Arsenic in Environment - Sources, Implications and Remedies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001315.
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Arsenic, either in (III) or (V) oxidation states forms, is a hazardous elements to humans, thus its removal from aqueous environments is of the utmost priority in the countries where this problem arises. From the various separation technologies, the removal f arsenic via biosorption processing attracted an interest, because besides the removal of the element, allows the recycle materials that in many cases are considered as wastes. The present chapter reviewed the most recent proposals (2022 year) about the use of biosorbents in the removal of this toxic element. Arsenic, either in (III) or (V) oxidation states forms, is a hazardous elements to humans, thus its removal from aqueous environments is of the utmost priority in the countries where this problem arises. From the various separation technologies, the removal f arsenic via biosorption processing attracted an interest, because besides the removal of the element, allows the recycle materials that in many cases are considered as wastes. The present chapter reviewed the most recent proposals (2022 year) about the use of biosorbents in the removal of this toxic element.
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Saint-Fort, Roger. „Surfactants and Their Applications for Remediation of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soils“. In Surfactants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100596.
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Soil contaminated with ubiquitous hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) is a worldwide recurring concern arising from their indiscriminate disposal, improper management, and accidental spills. A wide range of traditional remedial strategies have been the common practice. However, these treatment methods have become cost prohibitive, not environmental friendly, and less accepted by society. Surfactant-enhanced remediation technology represents a cost-effective and green technology alternative to remediate such contaminated sites. Surfactant remediation technologies are conducted in-situ or ex-situ as two broad categories, or in combination. Among these technologies are soil flushing, washing, phytoremediation, and bioremediation. More applied research continues to quantify the efficiency of surfactant-enhanced mass transfer phase using a single surfactant solution while their binary blends to remove mixed HOCs in soils are also a focus of interest for research. There is a great potential to develop novel synthetic and biosurfactants that will exhibit higher biodegradability, less toxicity, higher removal efficiency, more economical and more recyclable. This work thus provides a review of the applications and importance of surfactant-enhanced remediation of soil contaminated with HOCs. Relevant environmental factors, soil properties, surfactant chemistry, mechanisms, mass transfer phase, and field designs are summarized and discussed with purposes of providing greater context and understanding of surfactant-enhanced remediation systems.
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Naor, Michael. „Tesla’s Circular Economy Strategy to Recycle, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and Recover Batteries“. In Recycling - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107256.
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The purpose of this research is to explore how Tesla is capable to materialize the circular economy futuristic vision. Specifically, it explains how batteries are recycled, reduced, reused, repurposed, and recovered in order to preserve raw materials and dimmish toxic waste disposal. Tesla extends traveling distance by supercharging stations and repurpose degraded batteries for second-life applications to energize home appliances with its solar panels. Tesla intends to substantially diminish the costs of battery production while increasing range by developing an innovative 4680 tab-less cobalt-free battery. An insight emerging from the study is that the fundamental principles upon the operations management field was established such as the concept of focused factory and Goldratt’s theory of constraints stay valid and are applicable towards establishing sustainable manufacturing process at the 21st century.
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P. Smith, Daniel, und Nathaniel T. Smith. „Solanum tuberosum Cultivation Using Nitrogen Recovered from Local Wastewater“. In Solanum tuberosum - a Promising Crop for Starvation Problem [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98554.
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This chapter presents an approach to recover nitrogen from human waste-water at local-scale for cultivation of Solanum tuberosum (potato) as food crop. Nitrogen capture is by ion exchange of ammonium (NH4+) onto zeolite, a natural low cost mineral which is available worldwide. A coupled process is described in which wastewater ammonium is sorbed to granular zeolite, biologically extracted (desorbed), and used to support Solanum tuberosum growth in fill-and-drain or irrigation cultivation. The system employs separate components to optimize conditions for ammonium sorption (anaerobic ion exchange), desorption (aerobic bioextraction), and cultivation (flexible timing of water and nitrogen supply and nutrient recycle). System architecture provides a low cost and readily implemented system for highly efficient nitrogen capture and incorporation into potato tuber. The nitrogen recycle system enables sustainable local-scale intensification of Solanum tuberosum production and enhanced food security through use of a reliable local nutrient supply. Metrics are presented for per capita tuber production, land area, and productivity. A system design is presented with a path forward for demonstration and development.
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Margaret Popoola, Bukola. „Biodegradable Waste“. In Recycling - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107910.
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Biodegradable wastes are waste materials easily degraded or broken down naturally by factors such as biotic (bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, etc.) and abiotic (pH, temperature, oxygen, humidity, etc.). This process enables complex substances to be broken down into simpler organic compounds which subsequently fade into the soil. This is a natural process that could be prolonged or rapid and poses little risks to the environment. These waste materials could be termed green waste; including food waste, paper waste, and biodegradable plastics such are found in municipal solid waste. Other examples of biodegradable wastes include sewage, manure, sewage sludge, human waste, waste from various slaughterhouses, hospital waste, dead animals, and plants. Biodegradable waste could be said to be recyclable or reused; furthermore, bio-waste recycling may also directly contribute to climate protection. They are generally known as useful waste. Recycling is one of the current waste management strategies having great benefits for the environment.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Titane – Recyclage"
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Ungur, Cristina. „Posibilități de implementare a practicilor internaționale în dezvoltarea afacerilor circulare din Republica Moldova“. In Conference title: Economic growth in the conditions of globalization: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iii.2022.16.9.
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The implementation of circular business models becomes imperative under the conditions of the energy crisis that appeared at the European level this year. Governments and the business environment are required to look for urgent solutions for the transition to an economy based on alternative energy resources. In this context, taking over successful practices and sharing experience become the fastest methods to adopt circular business models. The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience of other states in the development of successful circular businesses and to identify the possibilities of implementing these practices in the Republic of Moldova. The research analyzed the activity of nine companies from four countries that operate based on circular models, in particular - the Circular Suppliers business model. At the same time, companies from the Republic of Moldova that develop businesses based on renewable, biodegradable or recyclable resources were identified and analyzed. The analyzes allowed establishing the opportunities and challenges existing at the national level in order to carry out a circular business. The areas where the principle of circularity can be implemented in the Republic of Moldova were identified and the resources that can be used in the most efficient way were determined. This study was developed within the State Program 20.80009.0807.22 Development of the mechanism of formation of the circular economy in the Republic of Moldova.
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Smits, Joris, Laurent Ney, Thijs van Roosbroeck und Tom Spaargaren. „The circular arch viaduct: reduce, re-use & recycle in practice“. In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0206.
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<p>This paper describes a proposal for a Circular Arch Viaduct. The proposal was submitted for a competition for innovation launched by Rijkswaterstaat, the Dutch Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management, under the title ‘SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) Circular Viaducts and Bridges’. The authors of this paper are part of a consortium consisting of BESIX NL and Ney & Partners. They have currently rounded up the first phase of the competition (Figure 1).</p><p>Our society has become accustomed to the permanent availability of raw materials; our economy has been running on them for decades. At the same time, the demand for mobility and reliable infrastructure continues to grow. How do we transform the construction industry to use 50% less primary raw materials in 2030 on the way to full 100% circularity in 2050? To answer this question the Circular Arch Viaduct was developed, based on three principles: (1) the reduction of raw materials, (2) the differentiation of materials in function of required strength, and (3) the reduction of waste through re-use and recycling<b>.</b></p><p><br clear="none"/></p><p>Figure 1. The current concept of the Circular Arch Viaduct.</p>
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Smits, Joris, Laurent Ney, Thijs van Roosbroeck und Tom Spaargaren. „The circular arch viaduct: reduce, re-use & recycle in practice“. In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0206.
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<p>This paper describes a proposal for a Circular Arch Viaduct. The proposal was submitted for a competition for innovation launched by Rijkswaterstaat, the Dutch Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management, under the title ‘SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) Circular Viaducts and Bridges’. The authors of this paper are part of a consortium consisting of BESIX NL and Ney & Partners. They have currently rounded up the first phase of the competition (Figure 1).</p><p>Our society has become accustomed to the permanent availability of raw materials; our economy has been running on them for decades. At the same time, the demand for mobility and reliable infrastructure continues to grow. How do we transform the construction industry to use 50% less primary raw materials in 2030 on the way to full 100% circularity in 2050? To answer this question the Circular Arch Viaduct was developed, based on three principles: (1) the reduction of raw materials, (2) the differentiation of materials in function of required strength, and (3) the reduction of waste through re-use and recycling<b>.</b></p><p><br clear="none"/></p><p>Figure 1. The current concept of the Circular Arch Viaduct.</p>
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Almaazmi, Juma, Muhammad Arianto, Salem Almenhali, Shamma Almansoori, Hiyam Almuntheri, Aristeidis Karamessinis, Ahmed Al Sayegh und Mubashir Ahmad. „Maximizing Profitability and Sustainability, Minimizing Carbon Footprint in Gas Recycle Developments by Optimizing Gas Injection Parameters to Conform to Dynamic Changes in Reservoir Performance“. In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211059-ms.
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Abstract Technical Category 41. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Abstract Title Maximizing Profitability and Sustainability, Minimizing Carbon Footprint in gas Recycle Developments by Optimizing gas Injection Parameters to Conform to Dynamic Changes in Reservoir Performance Objectives/Scope The Discharge Pressure Optimization project was initiated as a collaborative effort between ADNOC Onshore and ADNOC Gas Processing in order to assess the feasibility of lowering the re-injection compressor's discharge pressure. Lowering the discharge pressure has immediate cost and environmental benefits, however, it may result in affecting the ultimate condensate recovery if not done correctly. A solution was developed to achieve this requirement without affecting the recovery while resulting in significant OPEX savings ($1MM/year) and considerable reduction greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. A field trial was conducted to assess the applicability of the solution. Methods, Procedures, Process The solution approach is primarily focused on three sets of pressure readings: discharge pressure outlet, upstream choke and downstream choke conditions. The data was charted (using weighted average of all wells) for a period of 6 months where a consistent pressure loss was observed across the well chokes. This meant that discharge pressure could be lowered if supplemented by adjusting injection well chokes such that the original injection rate and downhole flowing pressure of the wells are retained. A field trial was conducted to test this approach followed by long-term simulation model impact assessment. Results, Observations, Conclusions AON and AGP agreed to test the solution in a trial that was conducted for a period of 2 weeks. The field trial entailed lowered the discharge pressure at certain pressure decrements up to a maximum of 8% reduction. Each pressure reduction step was followed by beaning the well choke till the original injection rate and pressures were retained. The field trial observed a retention in injection parameters for all but five of the wells. Two of the wells indicated a complete cessation of flow, while the other three observed a 50% drop in injection rate. The next step involved utilizing the dynamic model to assess the impact these wells would have on the condensate recovery in their current state. In terms of overall condensate recovery, operating at 360 bar (5% reduction) appeared to be optimum while resulting in negligible condensate recovery change. Meanwhile, the new operating discharge pressure of 360 would yield an approximate energy saving of 900,000USD and a 23 ton reduction in greenhouse gases emissions per year. Novel/Additive Information The approach used is easily scalable on any recycle reservoir system, which can yield higher operating cost efficiency and emissions reduction opportunities to minimize carbon footprint of E&P operations in line with ADNOC's sustainability strategic pillar.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Titane – Recyclage"
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Liu, Haiqing, Nelson S. Bell, Benjamin B. Cipiti, Lewis, Tom Goslee,, Dorina Florentina Sava und Tina Maria Nenoff. Functionalized ultra-porous titania nanofiber membranes as nuclear waste separation and sequestration scaffolds for nuclear fuels recycle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1096948.
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