Thematische Bibliographien / Tin-oxygen

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Tin-oxygen“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Tin-oxygen"

Okamoto, H. „O-Sn (Oxygen-Tin)“. Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 27, Nr. 2 (01.04.2006): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770306x97740.

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Okamoto, H. „O−Sn (Oxygen-Tin)“. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 27, Nr. 2 (März 2006): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-006-0063-6.

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Wang, Sheng, und Teruo Hori. „Oxygen evolution sensitized by tin porphyrin in microheterogeneous system and membrane systems“. Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 07, Nr. 01 (Januar 2003): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424603000069.

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Tin porphyrin ( SnTPP ) was applied to two new types of photoinduced oxygen evolution systems by visible light irradiation. In microheterogeneous system, tin porphyrin was dispersed by a nonionic surfactant and the system could efficiently oxidize water to evolve oxygen when compared with the conventional system. In addition, two types of tin porphyrin fixed PVC membranes, porous and homogeneous, were prepared and applied to a photoinduced oxygen evolution membrane system. SEM images of two types of tin porphyrin fixed PVC membranes also show differences in both morphologies.

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Raghavan, V. „Fe-O-Sn (Iron-Oxygen-Tin)“. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 31, Nr. 4 (21.04.2010): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-010-9715-7.

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Ivanov A. F., Egorov F. S., Platonov N. D., Matukhin V. L. und Terukov E. I. „Influence of the oxygen during the deposition of an indium tin oxide thin film by magnetron sputtering for heterojunction solar cells“. Semiconductors 56, Nr. 3 (2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/sc.2022.03.53063.9747.

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Optoelectronic properties of indium and tin oxide thin films depending on the oxygen content in the total gas flow were experimentally investigated during deposition of these films by DC magnetron target sputtering. Relationship of the heterojunction thin-film solar cell output parameters vs. oxygen partial pressure in a vacuum vessel was examined during indium and tin oxide layer deposition. The maximum photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell was achieved at an oxygen partial pressure in the vacuum vessel of ~6.5 Torr. Keywords: heterojunction thin-film solar element, indium and tin oxide, magnetron sputtering.

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Wu, Xiao Wen, Jian Xin Zhang, Yang Wang und Amin Huang. „Structure and Properties of Ti/TiN/Sb-SnO₂ Electrodes with Plasma Sprayed TiN Interlayer“. Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (Dezember 2012): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1613.

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In this paper, TiN coating as an interlayer was fabricated on Ti substrate by reactive plasma spray. Ti/TiN/Sb-SnO2 electrodes were prepared by SOL-GEL method and the influence of the TiN interlayer on the structure, oxygen evolution potential and service life of the electrodes was studied. It was shown that the surface of the Ti/TiN/Sb-SnO2 electrodes is more homogeneous and the oxygen evolution potential and accelerated life are both higher than those of the Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes.

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Laimböck, Paul. „In-Line Oxygen Sensors for the Glass Melt and the Float Bath“. Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.443.

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In-line oxygen sensors have been developed for the glass melt and for the float bath. Glass melt oxygen sensors are used for the continuous monitoring of the oxidation state (or redox) of the glass melt and are very important for the control of many glass melt and glass product properties such as radiative heat transfer, fining, foaming, forming and optical characteristics. Too high oxygen levels in the float bath can be prevented by using both oxygen sensors in the tin melt and the atmosphere above it. Oxygen related defects on the glass sheet surface such as dross, tin pick-up, bloom and tin drips are reduced or even prevented. Moreover, expensive hydrogen gas can be saved by a more effective dosage.

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Reuter, Hans, und Hilko Wilberts. „On the structural diversity anions coordinate to the butterfly-shaped [(R2Sn)3O(OH)2]2+ cations and vice versa“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, Nr. 6 (Juni 2014): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0517.

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The syntheses and crystal structures of [(t-Bu2Sn)3O(OH)2]CO3·3MeOH, 1a, [(t-Bu2Sn)3O(OH)2]CO3·3H2O·acetone, 1b, [(t-Bu2Sn)3O(OH)2][I]2·[(t-Bu2Sn(OH)I]2·2DMSO, 1c, and [(Cy2Sn)3O(OH)2][I]2·2DMSO, 2a, all containing the trinuclear [(R2Sn)3O(OH)2]2+ ion have been described. The butterfly shape of this cation is derived from two annulated, four-membered tin–oxygen rings with a central μ3-oxygen atom and trigonal-bipyramidally coordinated tin atom both belonging to both rings and two μ2-hydroxyl groups and two outer, four-fold coordinated tin atoms. In 1a and 1b, the carbonate anions interact with the outer tin atoms of the cations as bidentate chelating ligands in the classical syn–syn coordination mode, and vice versa. In this way, both outer tin atoms expand their coordination sphere from four to five, with the consequence that bond angles and lengths within the cation are determined by the axial and equatorial position of the oxygen atoms within the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination on all three tin atoms. 1c consists of two different building units, an up to now unknown hydroxide iodide of composition [(t-Bu2Sn(OH)I]2 with hydrogen-bonded DMSO molecules and a [(t-Bu2Sn)3O(OH)2]2+ cation with one coordinated and one isolated, via hydrogen bonds connected iodine ion. The hydroxide iodine is built up of two five-fold coordinated tin atoms linked via two hydroxyl groups with exocyclic iodine atoms occupying axial positions at the trigonal-biypramidally coordinated tin atoms. The unprecedented coordination of the iodine ion to the [(t-Bu2Sn)3O(OH)2]2+ cation takes place between both outer tin atoms, resulting in a five-fold, trigonal-bipyramidal coordination at these tin atoms, too. Structural parameters within the so-formed [(t-Bu2Sn)3O(OH)2I]+ complex are very similar to those of 1a and 1b, with the exception of a significant lengthening of the tin–oxygen bonds opposite to the bridging iodine atom. 2a represents the first example of the [(R2Sn)3O(OH)2]2+ cation without R = t-butyl, so far. In the solid, it consists of two crystallographic independent [(Cy2Sn)3O(OH)2][I]2 building units, each connected to two DMSO molecules via hydrogen bonds. Both building units are very similar with respect to their conformation. Each of the iodine anions coordinates with only one of the two outer tin atoms, one in an inwards, one in an outwards to the tin-oxygen framework directed position. These tin atoms are therefore also trigonal-bipyramidally coordinated as in 1a−1c, but because of steric reasons one of the trigonal-bipyramids has changed its orientation within the tin–oxygen framework, accompanied by enormous changes of bond lengths and angles therein.

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Moatti, A., R. Bayati, S. Singamaneni und J. Narayan. „Epitaxial integration of TiO2 with Si(100) through a novel approach of oxidation of TiN/Si(100) epitaxial heterostructure“. MRS Advances 1, Nr. 37 (2016): 2629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.463.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, we provide a novel approach to the epitaxial integration of TiO2 with Si(100) and investigate the defect mediated ferromagnetism in TiO2 structure. Epitaxial TiO2 thin films were grown on a TiN/Si(100) epitaxial heterostructure through oxidation of TiN where a single crystalline rutile-TiO2 (r-TiO2) with a [110] out-of-plane orientation was obtained. The epitaxial relationship is determined to be TiO2(1$\bar 1$0)||TiN(100) and TiO2(110)||TiN(110). We rationalized this epitaxy using the domain matching epitaxy paradigm. First TiN is grown epitaxially on Si(100). Subsequently, TiN/Si(100) samples are oxidized to create r-TiO2/TiN/Si(100) epitaxial heterostructures. The details of the mechanism behind the oxidation of single crystalline TiN to TiO2 was investigated using atomic scale high resolution electron microscopy techniques. Defects introduced to the heterostructure during oxidation caused ferromagnetism in TiO2 thin film which is reversible and can be tuned by controlling oxygen partial pressure. The source of magnetization is correlated with the presence of oxygen vacancy leading to introduction of two localized states; hybrid and polaron among neighboring Ti atoms, and titanium vacancy providing four holes to form molecular oxygen. We present structure property correlations and its impact on the next generation solid state devices.

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Beensh-Marchwicka, Grazyna, und Lubomila Krol-Stepniewska. „Reproducibility of Properties of SnOxThin Films Prepared by Reactive Sputtering“. ElectroComponent Science and Technology 11, Nr. 4 (1985): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/apec.11.271.

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The preparation of tin dioxide films by low energy reactive sputtering of tin and tin-antimony (1-10% wt. Sb) in an oxygen – argon atmosphere is described. The dependences of oxygen content in the range from 0 to 50%, target compositions, substrate temperature of 300 K-573 K on minimum resistivity at satisfactory transmittance and on reproducibility are discussed. The correlation between the electrical and optical properties and the microstructure of the films is shown.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Tin-oxygen"

Agbede, Oluseye Omotoso. „Study of oxygen dissolution in molten tin : a novel SOFC anode“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24757.

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Conventional power plants for the conversion of fossil fuels to electricity have low efficiencies and produce large amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which contribute to climate change. Hence, a molten tin reformer and methane-fuelled SOFC with molten tin anode (Sn(l)-SOFC) for easier CO2 capture and higher power efficiency were investigated. Both systems involved oxygen dissolution in molten tin and methane reaction with the dissolved oxygen, as well as gas bubbling, so oxygen dissolution and methane reaction at bubble | molten tin interface were investigated. Oxygen was separated successfully from a 10%O2-He blend through gas bubbling and dissolution in molten tin which suggests that oxygen may be separated from air in the molten tin reformer by bubbling air through molten tin in the first stage of the periodic process. An LSM-YSZ/LSM double-layered reference electrode and YSZ electrolyte potentiometric oxygen sensor was used to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in molten tin; hence, enabling derivation of the solubility limit and Gibbs energy change for the formation of SnO which was in equilibrium with oxygen at the solubility limit. The solubility of oxygen in molten tin in equilibrium with SnO in the temperature range 973-1123 K was ca. 0.019-0.107 atom%. The rate of oxygen dissolution in molten tin when 10%O2-He blend was bubbled through it was controlled by chemical reaction at the bubble | molten tin interface; the mechanism involved a first step of chemisorption to molten tin at the bubble | molten tin interface, forming SnO as the absorbed intermediate. The second step of the mechanism involved the dissociation of SnO to molten tin and oxygen atom incorporated in the molten tin. The rate limiting step was the dissociation of SnO into molten tin and oxygen atom. Likewise, the rate of deoxygenation of molten tin by 10%CH4-He was not limited by the diffusion of oxygen atoms in the molten tin but might be limited by surface reaction at the bubble | molten tin interface. The performance of the molten tin reformer and methane-fuelled Sn(l)-SOFC depends on bubble size and behaviour, so bubbles generated in molten tin were characterized by determining the sizes, shape, velocities, and behaviour under different operating conditions of nozzle diameter, gas flow rates and temperatures. A pressure pulse technique which incorporates a differential pressure transducer was employed successfully in the measurement of frequencies of bubble formation in molten tin at high temperatures in the range 973-1173 K while the bubbles were approximated as oblate spheroids which wobbled. LSM cathodes were deposited on micro-tubular YSZ electrolytes and the microstructures and electrical conductivities characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and four-point probe resistance measurement, respectively. SEM micrographs showed the densification of LSM cathodes with increased sintering temperature, which resulted in increased electrical conductivities. Potential difference-current density data and impedance spectra were determined for a methane-fuelled SOFC with molten tin anode. A peak power density of about 100 W m-2 at a current density of 222 A m-2 and potential difference of 0.45 V was obtained for the methane-fuelled SOFC with molten tin anode at 850 oC. Impedance spectra showed that ohmic potential losses controlled the reactor performance, with about half of those arising from the inherent difficulty in achieving a low resistance contact at the (Ag wire) Ag wool current collector | LSM cathode interface.

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Rajan, Ziba Shabir Hussein Somjee. „Iridium oxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32528.

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The generation of high purity hydrogen by renewable, sustainable means is a crucial building block towards the realisation of a carbon-free energy economy. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) offers a promising route for the generation of clean hydrogen, using renewable energy, for both stationary and mobile energy storage applications, and as a feedstock for the chemical industry. As water electrolysis is an electrochemical redox reaction, cathodic hydrogen evolution cannot occur without an efficient, and rapid anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While both iridium and ruthenium oxides are state-of-the-art OER catalysts in acidic environment, the latter undergoes dissolution under anodic OER conditions much more rapidly than the former, and this makes iridium oxide the most suitable catalytic material for electrolyser anodes. Several strategies have been explored as a means to lower the iridium content in OER catalysts, and of these, the use of cheap, stable support materials has been seen as a promising means to produce highly active, durable catalysts, by enhancement of the electrocatalytically active surface area. In this thesis, the viability of an organometallic chemical deposition method for the deposition of IrOₓ nanoparticles on antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) support is investigated. The effect of the gas environment (oxygen or argon) and the temperature used for the deposition was examined. The ex-situ OER performance of the synthesised electrocatalysts was evaluated using the rotating disk electrode technique. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission scanning electron microscopy (HR-STEM), the physical properties of the synthesised IrOₓ/ATO catalysts were elucidated, in order to understand the observed oxygen evolution activity and stability of IrOₓ/ATO in relation to the OMCD technique. In addition to developing an understanding towards the physical and electrochemical properties of the synthesised materials, strategies to optimise the Ir yield achieved by the organometallic chemical deposition process were explored.

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Stevenson, Paul. „Nuclear structure calculations using many-body perturbation theory with a separable interaction“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312333.

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Anand, Manoj. „Study of tin oxide for hydrogen gas sensor applications“. [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001003.

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Cognard, Gwenn. „Electrocatalyseurs à base d’oxydes métalliques poreux pour pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI007.

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Les électrocatalyseurs conventionnels utilisés dans les piles à combustibles à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC) sont composés de nanoparticules de platine supportées sur des noirs de carbone de forte surface spécifique. A la cathode de la PEMFC, siège de la réaction de réduction de l’oxygène (ORR), le potentiel électrochimique peut atteindre des valeurs élevées - notamment lors de phases arrêt-démarrage - engendrant des dégradations irréversibles du support carboné. Une solution « matériaux » consiste à remplacer ce dernier par des supports à base d’oxydes métalliques. Ceux-ci doivent être résistants à la corrosion électrochimique, conducteurs électroniques et posséder une structure poreuse et nano-architecturée (permettant le transport des réactifs et produits et une distribution homogène de l’ionomère et des nanoparticules de platine). Dans ce travail, nous avons donc élaboré et caractérisé des électrocatalyseurs à base de nanoparticules de platine (Pt) déposées sur du dioxyde d’étain (SnO₂) et de titane (TiO₂) texturés (morphologies aérogel, nanofibres ou « loosetubes ») et conducteurs électroniques (dopés au niobium Nb ou à l’antimoine Sb). Le support permettant d’atteindre les meilleures propriétés électrocatalytiques est un aérogel de SnO₂ dopé à l’antimoine, noté ATO. En particulier, l’électrocatalyseur Pt/ATO présente une activité spécifique vis-à-vis de l’ORR supérieure à celle d’un électrocatalyseur Pt/carbone Vulcan® synthétisé dans les mêmes conditions, suggérant des interactions bénéfiques entre les nanoparticules de Pt et le support oxyde métallique (Strong Metal Support Interactions, SMSI).Des tests de durabilité simulant le fonctionnement d’une PEMFC en conditions automobile ont été effectués en électrolyte liquide à 80 °C sur ces deux électrocatalyseurs : cyclage entre 0,60 et 1,00 V vs l’électrode réversible à hydrogène (RHE) ou entre 1,00 et 1,50 V vs RHE. Le catalyseur Pt/ATO présente une durabilité accrue par rapport au catalyseur Pt/carbone Vulcan® de référence. Cependant, de nouveaux mécanismes de dégradation ont été mis en évidence dans cette étude : tout d’abord, l’élément dopant Sb est progressivement dissout au cours du vieillissement électrochimique, ce qui implique une perte de conductivité électronique. Cette perte est en partie liée à des incursions à bas potentiel, notamment durant les caractérisations électrochimiques. De plus, entre 5 000 et 10 000 cycles de vieillissement électrochimique (entre 0,60 et 1,00 V vs RHE ou entre 1,00 et 1,50 V vs RHE à 57 °C), le matériau support perd sa structure poreuse et forme un film amorphe peu conducteur
Conventional electrocatalysts used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are composed of platinum nanoparticles supported on high specific surface area carbon blacks. At the cathode side of the PEMFC, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs, the electrochemical potential can reach high values - especially during startup-shutdown operating conditions - resulting in irreversible degradation of the carbon support. A “material” solution consists of replacing the carbon with supports based on metal oxides. The latter have to be resistant to electrochemical corrosion, be electronic conductor and have a porous and nano-architectural structure (for the transport of reagents and products and the homogeneous distribution of the ionomer and platinum nanoparticles).In this work, we have developed and characterized electrocatalysts composed of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles based on tin dioxide (SnO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with optimized textural (aerogel, nanofibres or loosetubes morphologies) and electron-conduction properties (doped with niobium Nb or antimony Sb). The best electrocatalytic properties are reached for an antimony-doped SnO2 aerogel support, denoted ATO. The Pt/ATO electrocatalyst has especially a higher specific activity for the ORR than a Pt/carbon Vulcan® electrocatalyst, synthesized in the same conditions, suggesting beneficial interactions between the Pt nanoparticles and the metal oxide support (Strong Metal Support Interactions SMSI).Durability tests simulating automotive operating conditions of a PEMFC were carried out in liquid electrolyte at 57 °C on these two electrocatalysts by cycling between 0.60 and 1.00 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) or between 1.00 and 1.50 V vs RHE. The Pt/ATO electrocatalyst has an increased stability compared to the reference Pt/carbon Vulcan® electrocatalyst. However, new degradation mechanisms were highlighted in this study: first, the doping element (Sb) is progressively dissolved during electrochemical ageing, which implies a loss of electronic conductivity. This loss is partly due to incursions at low potential, including during electrochemical characterizations. Moreover, between 5,000 and 10,000 cycles of the accelerated stress tests (between 0.60 and 1.00 V vs RHE or between 1.00 and 1.50 V vs RHE at 57 °C), the support loses its porous structure and forms a poorly conductive amorphous film

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Sundqvist, Jonas. „Employing Metal Iodides and Oxygen in ALD and CVD of Functional Metal Oxides“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3450.

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Saveleva, Viktoriia. „Investigation of the anodes of PEM water electrolyzers by operando synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF002/document.

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Le développement de catalyseurs de la réaction de dégagement de l’oxygène (OER) pour les électrolyseurs à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEM) dépend de la compréhension du mécanisme de cette réaction. Cette thèse est consacrée à l'application de la spectroscopie d’émission de photoélectrons induits par rayons X (XPS) et de la spectroscopie de structure près du front d'absorption de rayons X (NEXAFS) operando sous une pression proche de l'ambiante (NAP) dans le but d’étudier les mécanismes de la réaction d’oxydation de l’eau sur des anodes à base d’iridium et de ruthénium et leurs dégradation dans les conditions de la réaction. Cette thèse montre les mécanismes différents de la réaction OER pour les anodes à base d’Ir et de Ru impliquant respectivement des transitions anioniques (formation d’espèce OI- électrophile) ou cationiques (formation des espèces de Ru avec l’état d'oxydation supérieur à IV) quelle que soit la nature (thermique ou électrochimique) des oxydes
Development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology depends on the understanding of the OER mechanism. This thesis is devoted to the application of near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) techniques for operando investigation of the Ir, Ru - based anodes. For Ru-based systems, we observe the potential-induced irreversible transition of Ru (IV) from an anhydrous to a hydrated form, while the former is stabilized in the presence of Ir. Regarding single Ir-based anodes, the analysis of O K edge spectra reveals formation of electrophilic oxygen OI- as an OER intermediate. Higher stability of Ir catalysts supported on antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) is related to their lower oxidation. This work demonstrates different OER mechanisms on Ir, Ru-based anodes involving anion and cation red-ox chemistry, correspondingly, regardless the oxide nature

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YIN, CHIEN-REN JOE. „OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF BUTENES OVER TIN-PHOSPHORUS-OXYGEN AND LITHIUM-TIN-PHOSPHORUS - OXYGEN CATALYSTS“. Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16117.

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The mechanism of catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation (OXD) of butenes to 1,3-butadiene over Sn-P-O and Li-Sn-P-O catalysts was investigated in batch recirculation and microcatalytic pulse reactors. Mechanistic features of the reaction were examined using deuterium labeled butene (isotopic tracer technique) and $\sp{18}$O-labeled carbon dioxide (oxygen isotope exchange) experiments. Solid state changes in the catalyst were examined through BET surface area, electron microscopy, x-ray powder diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reaction products include 1,3-butadiene, carbon dioxide, water, and butene isomers.Both Sn-P-O and Li-Sn-P-O catalysts have activity of about 11% conversion and about 98% initial selectivity for butadiene after 15 minutes reaction time at 300$\sp\circ$C. Catalyst deactivation is caused by the formation of coke, which decreases the catalyst surface area. The Sn-P-O catalyst forms coke more readily than the Li-Sn-P-O catalyst. The activity of the aged catalysts can be partially recovered with treatment in 150 torr oxygen at 500$\sp\circ$C. The rate of formation of butadiene is zero order in both oxygen and butene. The rate of formation of carbon dioxide is zero order in butene and about 0.5 order in oxygen. The OXD reaction is inhibited by product butadiene, where low conversion data can be modeled by a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood type rate expression. But the rate expression does not fit CO$\sb 2$ well. The activation energy for butadiene formation is about 19 kcal/mole over the Li-Sn-P-O catalyst. Microcatalytic pulse experiments carried out in the absence of gas phase oxygen indicated that the reactions probably proceed by consuming catalyst surface oxygen. Two consecutive sets of $\sp{18}$O labeled CO$\sb 2$ pulse experiments demonstrate that only surface oxygen is relatively mobile, and that bulk diffusion of oxygen to the surface may not play a very important role in the OXD mechanisms. Perdeuterated butene is less reactive than non-deuterated butene. Comparison of the rates of formation and analysis of isotopic compositions of the products revealed a significant kinetic isotopic effect for the OXD reaction. Therefore, carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage is considered rate limiting. Isomerization may occur via a concurrent non-oxidative reaction over weak acid sites. Experimental data are consistent with an oxidation-reduction cycle involving a Sn$\sp{+4}$ cation active center.

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Huang, Chyi-Chyuan, und 黃麒銓. „Effects of Predeposited Ti or TiN and Oxygen Content on the Structure and Properties of TiN in the Metallization of ULSI“. Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68940632903697294219.

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碩士
國立交通大學
材料科學與工程研究所
86
This study investigated the effect of predeposited Ti or TiN on TiN structure and properties. The relationship was investigated betweeen oxygen content and TiN properties and structure by changing oxygen flow. The TiN film has the 〈111〉 highly preferred orientation when the sputtering conditions are set at uncollimated sputtering, low sputtering power, and low substrate temperature. And it has a lower film resistivity when the sputtering conditions are set at collimated sputtering, high sputtering power, and high substrate temperature. TiN film will grow along 〈111〉 when one Ti underlayer with 〈0002〉preferred orientation was predeposited. Finally, one novel "2-step TiN deposition process" was successfully developed to grow the TiN film with a high deposition rate, low resistivity (58.23u Ω-cm), 〈111〉 highly preferred orientation, and high bottom step coverage by predepositing one underlayer (about 100A∼200A) as a seed layer. It is one novel and excellent process which can be applied to sub-quatrer micron metallization. The TiN film would tend to be amorphous, and the increase resistivity and leakage current increased with oxygen content.

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Tsai, Cho-Jen, und 程書彥. „Measurement of Ti ability to absorbing oxygen and TiN stress relaxation by substrate curvature“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49517097537619254011.

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碩士
國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
94
Abstract Ti/SiO2/Si, TiN/Si and TiN/Ti/SiO2/Si structures were annealed in vacuum to observe the ability of Ti absorbing oxygen and the stress relaxation of TiN layer. The stress of the film was determined in situ by measuring the curvature of the sample during the annealing process. The phases and the microstructure of the film after annealing process were identified using XRD, AES, and TEM. A clear correlation was between the evolution of stress and the absorption of oxygen atoms by the Ti film. From the XRD data, we can find that the (002) peak of Ti shifts to low angle at 280oC~400oC in the Ti/SiO2/Si system. It is due to the oxygen-induced Ti lattice expansion. The content of oxygen increases as the annealing temperatures and time increase, and this process let the stress become more compressive. The experiment finds that the content of oxygen can be monitored by in-situ curvature measurement. Moreover, diffusivity and the activation energy of oxygen in Ti film can be extracted. The stress relaxation of TiN is due to grain growth proved by Dark Field TEM and XRD intensity. The starting temperatures for the stress relaxation are different between TiN/Si and TiN/Ti/SiO2 system because of different TiN textures in these two systems.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Tin-oxygen"

Laimböuck, Paul R., und Ruud G. C. Beerkens. „On-Line Oxygen Sensor for the Tin Bath in Float Glass Production Lines“. In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 66th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 1, 19–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291306.ch2.

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Egashira, Makoto, Masayo Nakashima und Shohachi Kawasumi. „Oxygen Desorption and Conductivity Change of Palladium-Doped Tin(IV) Oxide Gas Sensor“. In ACS Symposium Series, 71–82. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0309.ch004.

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Samant, Anand V., Michael J. Gedeon, Robert E. Kusner, Chad A. Finkbeiner, Fritz C. Grensing und W. Raymond Cribb. „Properties of ToughMet®3 Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy for Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere Applications“. In Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: 14th Volume, 296–307. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159620150069.

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Guliyeva, A. N., und K. A. Gazvini. „Fuzzy Clustering of Influence of Oxygen on Oxidation of Isobutylene in Pulse Mode on Tin-Antimony Catalyst“. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 512–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68004-6_67.

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Kim, Hyoun Woo, und Ju Hyun Myung. „Study of In₂O₃ Thin Films Prepared on TiN Substrates Using a Triethylindium and Oxygen Mixture“. In Key Engineering Materials, 760–62. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.760.

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Huang, Hong-Hsin, Yen-Ming Chen und Ming-Chih Huang. „Growth Characteristics and Properties of Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Thin Films as a Function of Oxygen Pressure When Prepared by E-beam Evaporation“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 783–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04573-3_97.

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Huston, David L., Crystal Laflamme, Georges Beaudoin und Stephen Piercey. „Light Stable Isotopes in Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Ore Systems“. In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 245–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_9.

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AbstractVolcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits, the ancient analogues of “black smoker” deposits that currently form on the seafloor, are the products of complex mineral systems involving the interaction of seawater with the underlying volcanic pile and associated magmatic intrusions. Light stable isotopes, particularly those of oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur, have had a strong influence in determining sources of ore fluids and sulfur as well as elucidating geological processes important in the VHMS mineral systems. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data indicate that evolved seawater was the dominant ore-forming fluid in VHMS mineral systems through geological time, although a small proportion of deposits, including high sulfidation and tin-rich deposits, may have a significant, or dominant, magmatic-hydrothermal fluid component. Higher-temperature (> 200 °C) interaction of evolved seawater alters the rock pile below the seafloor, producing δ18O depletion anomalies at the deposit and district scales that can be used as a vector to ore. In contrast, lower-temperature hydrothermal alteration results in δ18O-enriched zones that commonly cap mineralized positions. An apparent decrease in the degree of high temperature 18O depletion with time may relate to the increasing importance of felsic-dominated host successions in younger deposits. δ18O anomalies have potential as an exploration tool, and have contributed directly to discovery. The other important contribution of stable isotopes to understanding the VHMS mineral system is quantification of the contribution of sulfur sources. Conventional δ34S data, when combined with Δ33S data acquired using recently developed technologies, indicate that the dominant sulfur source is igneous sulfur, either leached from the volcanic pile or introduced as a magmatic volatile (these sources are not distinguishable). The thermochemical reduction of seawater sulfate is also an important, but subordinate, sulfur source. Estimation of the proportion of seawater sulfate with geological age indicate that, on average, it has increased from 5–10% in the Archean to 20–25% in the Phanerozoic. This most likely reflects the increase in seawater sulfate contents through geological time. Although untested as an exploration tool, variations in sulfur isotope data may have utility is discriminating fertile from barren sulfide accumulations or providing vectors to ores at the deposits scale. As exploration tools, light stable isotopes suffer from a relatively high cost and slow turn-around time. If these limitations can be overcome, and new analytical methods can be developed, light stable isotopes may emerge as another tool for exploration, particularly as discoveries are made at greater depth and under cover.

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Weller, Mark, Jonathan Rourke, Tina Overton und Fraser Armstrong. „The Group 13 elements“. In Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198768128.003.0016.

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This chapter provides an overview of the essential aspects of the chemistry of the Group 14 elements which are of fundamental importance in industry and nature. This group includes carbon and silicon, both nonmetals; germanium, a metalloid; tin and lead, both metals, and the recently discovered radioactive flerovium. The chapter discusses diamond and graphite as well as other forms of carbon. It also looks at hydrides, compounds with halogen, compounds of carbon with oxygen and sulfur, and simple compounds of silicon with oxygen. Then it looks at oxides of germanium, tin, and lead. Furthermore, it tackles compounds with nitrogen. The scope of the discussion also covers carbides, silicides, extended silicon-oxygen compounds, organosilicon and organogermanium compounds, and organometallic compounds.

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Beng, Teo Soon, Teoh Siang Guan, und Yeap Guan Yeow. „Organotin and inorganic tin complexes of some aromatic Schiff bases“. In Chemistry and Technology of Silicon and Tin, 509–13. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198555803.003.0045.

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Abstract Organotin(IV), inorganic tin(II), and tin(IV) derivatives of 2-hydroxy- 1-naphthaldehyde- or salicyldehyde-substituted aniline Schiff bases have been prepared. The 1/1 and 1/2 molecular adducts have been characterized by elemental analyses, and by IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques, which indicate that coordination to tin occurs through the hydroxyl oxygen or the azomethine nitrogen, or through both these atoms. The crystal structure of the 1:2 diphenyltin dichloride adduct with 1-(4-methoxyphenylimino) methyl-2-naphthol is reported.

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Reuter, Hans, M. Kremser und D. Schroder. „OBSERVATIONS TO THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF TIN(IV)-OXYGEN-GELS“. In Eurogel '91, 309–16. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89344-4.50037-9.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Tin-oxygen"

Hosoi, Takuji, Yuki Odake, Keisuke Chikaraishi, Hiroaki Arimura, Naomu Kitano, Takayoshi Shimura und Heiji Watanabe. „Oxygen-induced high-k degradation in TiN/HfSiO gate stacks“. In 2012 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snw.2012.6243358.

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Snyder, Paul G., Bhola N. De, John A. WoolIam, T. J. Coutts und X. Li. „Study Of Indium Tin Oxide Films Exposed To Atomic Oxygen“. In SPIE 1989 Technical Symposium on Aerospace Sensing, herausgegeben von Robert R. Hale. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.960955.

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Lu, Ganhua, Liying Zhu, Stephen Hebert, Edward Jen, Leonidas Ocola und Junhong Chen. „Engineering Gas Sensors With Aerosol Nanocrystals“. In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21301.

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Rutile tin oxide (SnO2) is a wide band gap (3.6 eV at 300K [1]) n-type semiconductor material. It is widely used as sensing elements in gas sensors [2]. The sensing mechanism is generally attributed to the significant change in the electrical resistance of the material associated with the adsorption/desorption of oxygen on the semiconductor surface [3]. The formation of oxygen adsorbates (O2− or O−) results in an electron-depletion surface layer due to the electron transfer from the oxide surface to oxygen [4]. Recent studies [5, 6] have shown that use of tin oxide nanocrystals significantly improves the dynamic response and the sensitivity of sensors since the electron depletion may occur in the whole crystallite. Here we report on the fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized gas sensor based on tin oxide nanocrystals. A simple, convenient and low-cost mini-arc plasma source is used to synthesize high-quality tin oxide nanoparticles in aerosol phase at atmospheric pressure. The nanoparticle sensor is then fabricated by electrostatic assembly of product tin oxide nanoparticles onto e-beam lithographically patterned interdigitated electrodes. The microfabricated nanoparticle sensor exhibits good sensitivity and dynamic response to low-concentration ethanol vapor and hydrogen gas diluted in air.

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LETTIERI, STEFANO, ANTONIO SETARO, MAURO CAUSÀ, FABIO TRANI, DOMENICO NINNO und PASQUALE MADDALENA. „ROLE OF SURFACE BRIDGING OXYGEN VACANCIES IN PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF TIN DIOXIDE NANOBELTS“. In Proceedings of the 13th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812835987_0032.

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Lin, Chen, Dacheng Zhang und Xiaodi Liu. „A study of tin oxide thin film gas sensors with high oxygen vacancies“. In 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2012.6196870.

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Lian, Kun, Zhong G. Ling und Jiechao Jiang. „Miniaturized tin oxide (SnOx) sensor by using oxygen-plasma-treated thin film technique“. In International Conference on Sensors and Control Techniques (ICSC2000), herausgegeben von Desheng Jiang und Anbo Wang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.385525.

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Zhong, C. W., H. C. Lin, J. R. Tsai, K. C. Liu und T. Y. Huang. „Impact of Gate Dielectrics and Oxygen Annealing on Tin-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors“. In 2015 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2015.ps-6-22.

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Roy, Manosi, und Dhananjay Kumar. „Blue Shift in Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Oxygen Doped Titanium Nitride Thin Films“. In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24113.

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Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of film thickness on the bandgap of oxygen (O2)-doped titanium nitride (TiN) thin films. To accomplish this, high-quality two-dimensional O2-doped TiN films have been prepared on single-crystal sapphire substrates using a pulsed laser deposition method. The film thicknesses were varied from 3 to 100 nm by varying the number of laser pulses, while other deposition parameters are kept constant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns have shown that the films grow in (111) orientation on the sapphire substrate. The increase in the intensity of the XRD (111) peak also demonstrates a better orientational alignment of the TiN films with substrate as the film thickness increases. The x-ray rocking curve has been used to measure the full width half maxima (FWHM) for each film. The FWHM values has been found to vary from 0.07 to 0.2° as the film thickness decreases. This is taken to indicate that the grain size decreases with a decrease in film thickness. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy measurements in the wavelength range (200–800 nm) have been performed as well, which indicates an increase in the bandgap of O2-doped TiN films with a decrease in film thickness. The decrease in the film thickness leads to a blue shift of the peak in the ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-A) region; this blueshift is accompanied by an increase in the bandgap of O2-doped TiN from 3.2 to 3.8 eV. The change in the bandgap due to a change in film thickness has been explained using the quantum confinement effect.

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Lamsal, Buddhi Sagar, Yung Huh, Mukul Dubey, K. C. Manoj, Swaminathan Venkatesan, Qiquan Qiao, David Galipeau und Qi Hua Fan. „Oxygen induced limitation on grain growth in RF sputtered Indium tin oxide thin films“. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Electro/ Information Technology (EIT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2013.6632655.

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Guler, Mehmet Oguz, Mirac Alaf, Deniz Gultekin, Hatem Akbulut und Ahmet Alp. „The Effect of Pressure on the Microstructural Behavior on SnO2 Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering“. In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47071.

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Tin oxide has multiple technological applications including Li-ion batteries, gas sensors, optoelectronic devices, transparent conductors and solar cells. In this study tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by RF sputtering process in the oxygen (O2) and argon (Ar) plasma medium. The deposition of the thin SnO2 films was carried out by RF sputtering from SnO2 targets. Before deposition the system was evacuated to 10−4 torr vacuum level and backfilled with Ar. The deposition of the nano structured thin SnO2 films have been performed at different gas pressures. The deposition of the SnO2 was both carried out at different pure argon gas pressures and argon/oxygen mediums with varying oxygen partial pressures. The effect of argon and argon/oxygen partial gas pressures on the grain structure and film thickness were analyzed in the resultant thin films. The deposited thin films both on glass and stainless steel substrates were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry equipped with multi purpose attachment. The grain size of the deposited layer was determined by X-ray analysis. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technique was also conducted on the some selected coatings to reveal grain structure and growth behaviors.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Tin-oxygen"

Gray. L51567 Influence of Filler Wire Carbon and Residual Element Content on the Mechanical Properties. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juni 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010565.

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This study was conducted to determine the interactive roles of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and residual elements such as titanium, chromium, copper, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, tin, antimony, and arsenic on weld metal mechanical properties in pipeline steels. Eleven seamless, flux-core electrodes were fabricated with varying compositions and deposited in girth welds in a 24-inch diameter, API 5LX-65 pipe using the gas-metal-arc-weld (GMAW) process. The results of Charpy V-notch and crack-tip opening displacement tests indicate that desirable toughness properties may require the addition of alloying elements (e.g., nickel) that promote the formation of acicular-ferrite microstructures. In addition, small variations in sulfur content were shown to cause significant variability in notch toughness.

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