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1
Lekander, Kalle, und Johan Sandberg. „Process improvements using lean - A case study at the Port of Norrköping“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177393.
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En fallstudie som med hjälp av lean identifierat slöseri och gett för slag på processförbättringar hos Norrköpings HamnExamensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet
2
Cabral, Imaculada Soares. „Os desafios do processo de adesão de Timor-Leste à ASEAN“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23184.
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Mestrado em Ciência PolíticaA formação de blocos regionais e os processos de integração regional ou o regionalismo são um fenómeno crescente da atualidade internacional após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Trata-se de processos multidimensionais, que envolvem fatores económicos, políticos, sociais, culturais e de segurança. Nesta dissertação pretende-se avaliar o processo de adesão de Timor-Leste à ASEAN, a partir do referencial teórico que caracteriza os fundamentos do regionalismo e da integração económica. A ASEAN é uma das organizações mais importantes do contexto asiático e de grande importância para o futuro de Timor-Leste. Em concreto, pretende-se verificar e interpretar a capacidade, as condições, os trâmites e os desafios deste país no processo de adesão à ASEAN, formalizado em 2011 e ainda em curso (2016). Inclui-se um diagnóstico à situação do processo de adesão através de uma análise SWOT, onde se constata que as dinâmicas políticas da organização regional prejudicam o processo de adesão, embora este processo parece irreversível, estando a organização regional a oferecer colaboração técnica para o efeito, numa sociedade civil recetiva a esta integração.
The growing formation of regional blocs and the processes of regional integration or regionalism are phenomenon of the international post-World War II era. Characterized as multidimensional processes, involving economic, political, social, and cultural and security factors. This dissertation intends to evaluate the process of Timor-Leste's integration to ASEAN, based on the theoretical framework that characterizes the foundations of regionalism and economic integration. The ASEAN is one of the most important organizations in the Asian context and of great importance for the future of Timor-Leste. In particular, this dissertation intends to verify and interpret the capacity, conditions, procedures and challenges of this country in the process of accession to ASEAN, formalized in 2011 and still in progress (2016). It includes a diagnosis of the status of the accession process through a SWOT analysis, where it can be seen that the political dynamics of the regional organization undermine the accession process, even though the process seems at the present point to be irreversible. The regional organization offers technical cooperation to that end. Civil society is receptive to the integration.
3
De, Wulf Martin. „From timed models to timed implementations“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210797.
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Computer Science is currently facing a grand challenge :finding good design practices for embedded systems. Embedded systems are essentially computers interacting with some physical process. You could find one in a braking systems or in a nuclear power plant for example. They present several design difficulties :first they are reactive systems, interacting indefinitely with their environment. Second,they must satisfy real-time constraints specifying when they should respond, and not only how. Finally, their environment is often deeply continuous, presenting complex dynamics. The formal models of choice for specifying such systems are timed and hybrid automata for which model checking is pretty well studied.
In a first part of this thesis, we study a complete design approach, including verification and code generation, for timed automata. We have to define a new semantics for timed automata, the AASAP semantics, that preserves the decidability properties for model checking and at the same time is implementable. Our notion of implementability is completely novel, and relies on the simulation of a semantics that is obviously implementable on a real platform. We wrote tools for the analysis and code generation and exemplify them on a case study about the well known Philips Audio Control Protocol.
In a second part of this thesis, we study the problem of controller synthesis for an environment specified as a hybrid automaton. We give a new solution for discrete controllers having only an imperfect information about the state of the system. In the process, we defined a new algorithm, based on the monotonicity of the controllable predecessors operator, for efficiently finding a controller and we show some promising applications on a classical problem :the universality test for finite automata.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation Informatique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
4
Perucca, David. „Divided Timed and Continuous Timed Assessment Protocols and Academic Performance“. Thesis, Walden University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3566589.
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Children from a low socioeconomic status (SES) are exposed to numerous stress factors that are negatively associated with sustained attention and academic performance. This association suggests that the timed component of lengthy assessments may be unfair for students from such backgrounds, as they may have an inability to sustain attention during lengthy tests. Research has also found academic disparities between gender. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the relationship between continuous and divided timed tests in terms of student test scores, with additional assessments incorporating gender. Two charter schools from a suburban Idaho school district were the sources of the convenience sample. Fifth grade students were tested in groups of approximately 30. The research questions for the study concerned the relationship between continuous and divided assessment protocols and Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) test scores for low- versus non-low-SES students and among gender. The hypothesis was that there would be a statistically significant difference in TAKS scores between continuous and divided assessments. An ANOVA was used to determine whether a statistical relationship existed between test scores and test protocol by gender. ANOVA results indicated no significant differences in math test scores between test protocols and among gender, suggesting that increased collaborative efforts between families and schools may mitigate factors associated with attentional and academic deficits among students from low-SES environments. The results of this study may be helpful for communities as they develop curricula that may close the academic gap among students of all SES backgrounds.
5
Hagman, Mikael. „Instrumentation of timed automata for formal verification of timed properties“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9861.
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Embedded systems are used in many technical products of today. The tendency also points to the fact that they are in many ways becoming more and more complex as technology advances. Systems like advanced avionics, air bags, ABS brakes or any real-time embedded system requires reliability, correctness and timeliness. This puts hard pressure on designers, analyzers and developers. The need for high performance and non failing systems has therefore led to a growing interest in modeling and verification of component-based embedded systems in order to reduce costs and simplify design and development. The solution proposed by the Embedded Systems Lab at Linköping University is the modeling language PRES+, Petri Net based Representation for Embedded Systems.
PRES+ models are then translated into timed automata, TA, which is used by the UPPAAL verification tool. To be able to verify timing properties the translated TA model must be instrumented with certain timers, called clocks. These clocks must be reset in a manner reflected by the property to be verified.
This thesis will provide a solution to the problem and also give the reader necessary information in order to understand the theoretical background needed. The thesis will also show the reader the importance of modeling and time verification in the development of embedded systems. A simple example is used to describe and visualize the benefit regarding real-time embedded systems as well as the importance of the ability to verify these systems.
The conclusion drawn stresses the fact that high development costs, possible gain of human lives and the problems in developing complex systems only emphasize the need for easy to handle and intuitive verification methods.
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Perucca, David. „Divided Timed and Continuous Timed Assessment Protocols and Academic Performance“. ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1067.
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Children from a low socioeconomic status (SES) are exposed to numerous stress factors that are negatively associated with sustained attention and academic performance. This association suggests that the timed component of lengthy assessments may be unfair for students from such backgrounds, as they may have an inability to sustain attention during lengthy tests. Research has also found academic disparities between gender. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the relationship between continuous and divided timed tests in terms of student test scores, with additional assessments incorporating gender. Two charter schools from a suburban Idaho school district were the sources of the convenience sample. Fifth grade students were tested in groups of approximately 30. The research questions for the study concerned the relationship between continuous and divided assessment protocols and Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) test scores for low- versus non-low-SES students and among gender. The hypothesis was that there would be a statistically significant difference in TAKS scores between continuous and divided assessments. An ANOVA was used to determine whether a statistical relationship existed between test scores and test protocol by gender. ANOVA results indicated no significant differences in math test scores between test protocols and among gender, suggesting that increased collaborative efforts between families and schools may mitigate factors associated with attentional and academic deficits among students from low-SES environments. The results of this study may be helpful for communities as they develop curricula that may close the academic gap among students of all SES backgrounds.
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Padmanabhan, Balasubramanian. „Self-Timed Logic and the Design of Self-Timed Adders“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516354.
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8
Kolimon, Mery. „A theology of empowerment : reflections from a west Timorese feminist perspective /“. Wien ;Zürich ;Berlin ;Münster : Lit, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987524151/04.
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9
López, Cano Manuel. „Miastenia gravis y Timoma. Factores pronóstico“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4245.
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10
Chao, Chin-yung. „A microregional approach to the social dynamics in the late prehistoric Manatuto, East Timor, eleventh - eighteenth century /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6471.
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11
Charlton, Timothy Richard. „The tectonic evolution of the Kolbano-Timor Trough Accretionary Complex, Timor, Indonesia“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390295.
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12
Simões, Ana Rita Giraldes. „Convolvulaceae of the Island of Timor with special reference to East Timor“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/750.
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Mestrado em Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de EcossistemasA seguinte dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma revisão taxonómica detalhada e actualizada das Convolvulaceae de Timor, com especial referência para a parte oriental da ilha. Este trabalho teve por base um conjunto de fontes bibliográficas, espécimes de herbário e exemplares colhidos em duas expedições botânicas conduzidas apenas na parte oriental da ilha (2004/2005), sob o projecto “Contribuição para os recursos florísticos de Timor Leste”. Na totalidade, foram estudados 283 espécimes, abrangendo 15 géneros, 53 espécies e alguns taxa infraespecíficos, num total de 61 taxa diferentes, de entre os quais se destacam 6 taxa endémicos da ilha de Timor. É sugerida, neste estudo, uma nova espécie e que poderá igualmente ser um caso de endemismo. Dos 7 endemismos, apenas a possível nova espécie ocorre em Timor Leste. São, ainda, apresentados 3 novos registos de Convolvulaceae para Timor, assim como 10 actualizações de nomenclatura relativamente à Flora Malesiana. ABSTRACT: The following dissertation presents an updated and thorough taxonomic review of Convolvulaceae from Timor, with special reference to the eastern part of the island. It has been based on the study of bibliographic sources, herbarium specimens and specimens collected in two botanical expeditions to the eastern part of the island only (2004-2005), under the project “Contribution to flora resources management in East Timor”. Overall, 283 specimens were studied, comprising 15 genus, 53 species and a few other infraspecific taxa, in a total of 61 different taxa, among which 6 taxa are endemic to the island of Timor. A new species is suggested in this study, which might also be an endemism. Of the 7 suggested endemisms, only the possibly new species, still under study, occurs in East Timor. Also, 3 new records of Convolvulaceae to Timor are introduced in this study, as well as 10 nomenclatural updates in relation to Flora Malesiana.
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Grinchtein, Olga. „Learning of Timed Systems“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8763.
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Regular inference is a research direction in machine learning. The goal of regular inference is to construct a representation of a regular language in the form of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) based on the set of positive and negative examples. DFAs take strings of symbols (words) as input, and produce a binary classification as output, indicating whether the word belongs to the language or not. There are two types of learning algorithms for DFAs: passive and active learning algorithms. In passive learning, the set of positive and negative examples is given and not chosen by inference algorithm. In contrast, in active learning, the learning algorithm chooses examples from which a model is constructed.
Active learning was introduced in 1987 by Dana Angluin. She presented the L* algorithm for learning DFAs by asking membership and equivalence queries to a teacher who knows the regular language accepted by DFA to be learned. A membership query checks whether a word belongs to the language or not. An equivalence query checks whether a hypothesized model is equivalent to the DFA to be learned.The L* algorithm has been found to be useful in different areas, including black box checking, compositional verification and integration testing. There are also other algorithms similar to L* for regular inference. However, the learning of timed systems has not been studied before. This thesis presents algorithms for learning timed systems in an active learning framework.
As a model of timed system we choose event-recording automata (ERAs), a determinizable subclass of the widely used timed automata. The advantages of ERA in comparison with timed automata, is that it is known priori the set of clocks of an ERA and when clocks are reset. The contribution of this thesis is four algorithms for learning deterministic event-recording automaton (DERA). Two algorithms learn a subclass of DERA, called event-deterministic ERA (EDERA) and two algorithms learn general DERA.
The problem with DERAs that they do not have canonical form. Therefore we focus on subclass of DERAs that have canonical representation, EDERA, and apply the L* algorithm to learn EDERAs. The L* algorithm in timed setting requires a procedure that learns clock guards of DERAs. This approach constructs EDERAs which are exponentially bigger than automaton to be learned. Another procedure can be used to lean smaller EDERAs, but it requires to solve NP-hard problem.
We also use the L* algorithm to learn general DERA. One drawback of this approach that inferred DERAs have a form of region graph and there is blow-up in the number of transitions. Therefore we introduce an algorithm for learning DERA which uses a new data structure for organising results of queries, called a timed decision tree, and avoids region graph construction. Theoretically this algorithm can construct bigger DERA than the L* algorithm, but in the average case we expect better performance.
14
Schlicher, Monika. „Portugal in Ost-Timor /“. Hamburg : Abera, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37203352g.
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Correia, Damares Barbosa. „Roteiro da literatura de Timor-Leste em língua portuguesa“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-23092013-120907/.
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A presente pesquisa tem como escopo reunir e comentar a Literatura de Timor-Leste em língua portuguesa, tendo como base seus principais representantes. Das lendas às narrativas de viagem, da poesia dos escritores politicamente engajados aos romances escritos na diáspora, o presente estudo procura identificar as principais questões que estiveram no horizonte dos timorenses em diferentes momentos de sua história, assim como delinear a imagem que o conjunto desses textos acabou por produzir de Timor na contemporaneidade.This research has the objective to gather and review the literature of Timor-Leste in Portuguese, based on its main representatives. The legends to travel narratives, poetry politically engaged writers of the novels written in the diaspora, this study seeks to identify the key issues that were on the horizon of the East Timorese at different times in its history, as well as outline the image that all these texts eventually produced the Timor nowadays.
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Soares, SilvÃrio dos Santos. „Timor-Leste: RepresentaÃÃes dos Estudantes Timorenses, no Brasil, sobre o Estado do Timor-Leste“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2734.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorNos paÃses multiÃtnicos, de pÃs-conflito, que viveram processos de libertaÃÃo da dominaÃÃo estrangeira, as identidades culturais, invariavelmente, tÃm mergulhado num processo em que todos os grupos Ãtnicos dentro do prÃprio paÃs lutam para reafirmar a sua posiÃÃo no processo de formaÃÃo do Estado NaÃÃo. A afirmaÃÃo das identidades de grupos Ãtnicos, nos paÃses de pÃs-conflito, adquirem proporÃÃes cada vez maiores em Ãmbitos contemporÃneos e apresentam nuances semelhantes nas mÃltiplas representaÃÃes como sujeitos de pÃs-conflito. Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como centro dinamizador perceber como participantes de diferentes grupos Ãtnicos constroem representaÃÃes sobre a formaÃÃo do Estado-naÃÃo, no Timor-Leste, apÃs a independÃncia ocorrida em 20 de maio de 2002. Como recorte empÃrico, os sujeitos que foram envolvidos nesta pesquisa sÃo estudantes timorenses que residem atualmente no Brasil com o intuito de aqui realizarem a sua formaÃÃo de pÃs-graduaÃÃo em universidades brasileiras; mais especificamente, estudantes de duas Universidades Federais no Brasil: Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC) e a Universidade Federal de GoiÃnia (UFG). O objetivo central à traÃar um paralelo entre as representaÃÃes sobre as identidades Ãtnicas e sobre a construÃÃo de identidades timorenses no processo de construÃÃo do Estado-naÃÃo, realizadas por sujeitos pertencentes a diferentes grupos Ãtnicos que existem no paÃs; grupos esses que participam ativamente em acontecimentos conflituosos no perÃodo pÃs-independÃncia. A metodologia utilizada foi a de narrativas de vida que compÃem o material empÃrico analisado na dissertaÃÃo
The cultural identities in post-conflict countries where a constant layer of a process among all ethnic groups within the country to reaffirm its position in the formation of the nation. The identities of an ethnic group in the post-conflict always buy some proportions increasing through nuances in contemporary fields such as subject in the multiple representations of post-conflict. This dissertation is to address these propellers proactive in ethnic groups that represent the identities of ethnic groups in East Timor after independence in twenty of May two thousand and two. To cut this research, the subjects who were involved in this interview are the entities Timorese living in Brazil for the training process of the study in two Federal Universities in Brazil: Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC) and Universidade Federal de GoiÃnia (UFG). In this sense, the goal is to draw a parallel between the Timorese authorities, of different ethnic groups that exist in the country that make the events of ethnic conflict in the country involving several entities of the ethnic groups after independence
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SOARES, Silvério dos Santos. „Timor-Leste: representações dos estudantes Timorenses, no Brasil, sobre o Estado do Timor-Leste“. http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/956.
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SOARES, Silvério dos Santos. Timor-Leste: representações dos estudantes Timorenses, no Brasil, sobre o Estado do Timor-Leste. 2009. 133f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-10-27T16:20:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Dis_SSSoares.pdf: 9435189 bytes, checksum: 86d679d1793a83821b1f8abd31dbb9f3 (MD5)
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The cultural identities in post-conflict countries where a constant layer of a process among all ethnic groups within the country to reaffirm its position in the formation of the nation. The identities of an ethnic group in the post-conflict always buy some proportions increasing through nuances in contemporary fields such as subject in the multiple representations of post-conflict. This dissertation is to address these propellers proactive in ethnic groups that represent the identities of ethnic groups in East Timor after independence in twenty of May two thousand and two. To cut this research, the subjects who were involved in this interview are the entities Timorese living in Brazil for the training process of the study in two Federal Universities in Brazil: Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) and Universidade Federal de Goiânia (UFG). In this sense, the goal is to draw a parallel between the Timorese authorities, of different ethnic groups that exist in the country that make the events of ethnic conflict in the country involving several entities of the ethnic groups after independence.
Nos países multiétnicos, de pós-conflito, que viveram processos de libertação da dominação estrangeira, as identidades culturais, invariavelmente, têm mergulhado num processo em que todos os grupos étnicos dentro do próprio país lutam para reafirmar a sua posição no processo de formação do Estado Nação. A afirmação das identidades de grupos étnicos, nos países de pós-conflito, adquirem proporções cada vez maiores em âmbitos contemporâneos e apresentam nuances semelhantes nas múltiplas representações como sujeitos de pós-conflito. Esta dissertação tem como centro dinamizador perceber como participantes de diferentes grupos étnicos constroem representações sobre a formação do Estado-nação, no Timor-Leste, após a independência ocorrida em 20 de maio de 2002. Como recorte empírico, os sujeitos que foram envolvidos nesta pesquisa são estudantes timorenses que residem atualmente no Brasil com o intuito de aqui realizarem a sua formação de pós-graduação em universidades brasileiras; mais especificamente, estudantes de duas Universidades Federais no Brasil: Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) e a Universidade Federal de Goiânia (UFG). O objetivo central é traçar um paralelo entre as representações sobre as identidades étnicas e sobre a construção de identidades timorenses no processo de construção do Estado-nação, realizadas por sujeitos pertencentes a diferentes grupos étnicos que existem no país; grupos esses que participam ativamente em acontecimentos conflituosos no período pós-independência. A metodologia utilizada foi a de narrativas de vida que compõem o material empírico analisado na dissertação.
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Krcal, Pavel. „Infinite Structures in Timed Systems“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100549.
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Real time systems distinguish themselves by explicitly stating timing constraints in the system specification. This requires specific methods and tools in system design to ensure such constraints. We focus on one of the methods applied in the validation phase, namely formal verification. This method automatically establishes correctness of the system model with mathematical rigor. In order to apply mechanical procedures to determine whether the system satisfies the requirements, we first have to model the validated part of the system in a mathematical form. This thesis deals with one such formalism - timed automata - and investigates different types of infinite state structures arising in the verification procedures related to this formalism. There are two different views which open the door for introduction of such structures. First, we turn outwards and extend timed automata with additional infinite data structures - unbounded queues. These queues serve different purposes. In one case, the queues contain computation tasks and, together with a timed automaton, model a real-time system with tasks. The problem of interest in this setting is schedulability analysis. We investigate the decidability boundary in presence of various features such as preemption, variable computation times of tasks, and communication between the timed automaton and the task queue. In the other case, we use queues for asynchronous communication between timed automata running synchronously in parallel. These queues store messages issued by one automaton and waiting to be read by another automaton. Such situations occur among other cases in real-time control systems where several concurrently running tasks communicate via buffers. We study the decidability border for reachability analysis depending on various communication topologies of these systems. Secondly, we turn inwards and study a peculiar feature of timed automata which allows them to enforce behaviors where time distances between events monotonically grow while being bounded by some integer. This feature can be characterized by unbounded counters recording the number of such enforced increases. When we switch from the dense time semantics used for modeling to an implementation with a fixed clock rate (sampled semantics), only behaviors which correspond to a bounded usage of these counters are preserved. We describe operation of these counters as a new type of a counter automaton and prove that one can effectively check whether the counters are used in a bounded way. As a result, it is possible to check for a given timed automaton whether there is an implementation with a fixed sampling rate which preserves all qualitative behaviors.
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Yates, Robert Kim. „Semantics of timed dataflow networks“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39768.
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This thesis presents a fully abstract order-theoretic denotational semantics for networks of asynchronous real-time processes. The time-sensitive nature of the component processes allows them to compute functions which are not Scott continuous, nor even monotonic, on the domain of timed message streams ordered by the usual prefix relation. Because of the discontinuous behavior of the components, the characterization of networks containing nonmonotonic processes as fixed points of continuous functionals (the standard approach of denotational semantics, applied to untimed networks of monotonic processes by Kahn in 1974) has been a much-sought but unattained goal. This thesis shows how it can be done in the case of timed networks. That is, the function computed by any real-time network, even those containing nonmonotonic processes, is proved to be identical to the least fixed point of a continuous network functional whose construction is original here.
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Mahata, Pritha. „Model Checking Parameterized Timed Systems“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4835.
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Jeffrey, Alan. „Observation spaces and timed processes“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302874.
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Trivedi, Ashutosh. „Competative optimisation on timed automata“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2243/.
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Timed automata are finite automata accompanied by a finite set of real-valued variables called clocks. Optimisation problems on timed automata are fundamental to the verification of properties of real-time systems modelled as timed automata, while the control-program synthesis problem of such systems can be modelled as a two-player game. This thesis presents a study of optimisation problems and two-player games on timed automata under a general heading of competitive optimisation on timed automata. This thesis views competitive optimisation on timed automata as a multi-stage decision process, where one or two players are confronted with the problem of choosing a sequence of timed moves—a time delay and an action—in order to optimise their objectives. A solution of such problems consists of the “optimal” value of the objective and an “optimal” strategy for each player. This thesis introduces a novel class of strategies, called boundary strategies, that suggest to a player a symbolic timed move of the form (b, c, a)— “wait until the value of the clock c is in very close proximity of the integer b, and then execute a transition labelled with the action a”. A distinctive feature of the competitive optimisation problems discussed in this thesis is the existence of optimal boundary strategies. Surprisingly perhaps, many competitive optimisation problems on timed automata of practical interest admit optimal boundary strategies. For example, optimisation problems with reachability price, discounted price, and average-price objectives, and two-player turn-based games with reachability time and average time objectives. The existence of optimal boundary strategies allows one to work with a novel abstraction of timed automata, called a boundary region graph, where players can use only boundary strategies. An interesting property of a boundary region graph is that, for every state, the set of reachable states is finite. Hence, the existence of optimal boundary strategies permits us to reduce competitive optimisation problem on a timed automaton to the corresponding competitive optimisation problem on a finite graph.
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Hill, Helen Mary. „Gerakan pembebasan nasional Timor Lorosae“. Dili : Yayasan HAK dan Sahe Institute for Liberation, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52903740.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Monash University, 1978.Diterjemahkan oleh Aderito de Jesus Soares et. al. dari judul Bahasa Inggeris "FRETILIN: The origins, ideologies and strategies of a nationalist movement in East Timor." Mengandungi Bibliografi dan Indeks.
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Krčál, Pavel. „Infinite Structures in Timed Systems /“. Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100549.
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Nerkar, Rajesh. „Self-Timed DRAM Data Interface“. PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1443.
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A DRAM communicates with a processing unit via two interfaces: a data interface and a command interface. In today's DRAMs, also known as synchronous DRAMs (SDRAMs), both interfaces use a clock to communicate with the processing unit. The clock times the communication between the processing unit and the SDRAM on both the data interface and the command interface.
We propose a self-timed DRAM. The self-timed DRAM introduces more flexibility into the DRAM interface by eliminating the clock. The command interface and the data interface each communicate with the processing unit using a handshake protocol rather than a clock.
This thesis presents the data interface between the self-timed DRAM and the processing unit. The proposed data interface is self-timed. The self-timed data interface allows the DRAM to deliver data to or accept data from the processing unit as the processing unit demands rather than on a schedule set from the command interface.
The self-timed data interface is designed using GasP circuits and micropipeline circuits. The design is simulated in 180nm CMOs process technology using hspice. This thesis presents the effects of width mismatch on the self-timed data interface. The micropipeline is slightly faster than the GasP. Also, the thesis compares the self-timed DRAM data interface with synchronous DRAM for the data burst rate.
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Cowan, Christopher Lee. „Drafting in Self-Timed Circuits“. PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5099.
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Intervals between data items propagating in self-timed circuits are controlled by handshake signals rather than by a clock. In many self-timed designs, a trailing data item will catch up with a leading item or token, even when it trails by thousands of gate delays. This effect, called "drafting," can be seen in many of the self-timed designs, e.g., GasP, Mousetrap, Click, and Micropipeline. The purpose of this dissertation is to reveal the circuit mechanism of drafting in self-timed circuits typically used in FIFO stages. Drafting is usually considered to be incidental to the operation of self-timed circuits since interval timing information is irrelevant to preservation of the proper order of data. However, if new applications of self-timed designs require preservation of timing between data items, or if interval data carries information, then the drafting mechanism must be understood to control it. Since drafting is an analog function in a digital circuit the effect may be used as a source of randomness or uniqueness. The drafting effect changes with manufacturing variability and each unit may provide a source for a unique digital signature that can be used in security applications.
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Carlier, Pierre. „Verification of Stochastic Timed Automata“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN058/document.
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La vérification est maintenant une branche très connue des sciences informatiques. Elle est cruciale lorsque l'on a affaire à des programmes informatiques dans des systèmes automatiques : on veut vérifier si un système donné est correct et s'il satisfait des propriétés nécessaires à son bon fonctionnement. Une façon d'analyser ces systèmes se fait par la modélisation mathématique. La question est alors : peut-on vérifier si le modèle satisfait les propriétés requises ? C'est ce que l'on appelle le problème du model-checking. Plusieurs modèles ont été étudiés dans la littérature. Nous portons notre intérêt sur des modèles qui peuvent mêler des aspects temporels et des aspects probabilistes. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions donc le modèle des automates temporisés et stochastiques (ATS). Les contributions de ce document sont divisées en deux parties. Tout d'abord, nous étudions les problèmes de model-checking qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ATS. Les ATS sont, en particulier, des systèmes probabilistes généraux et avec de tels modèles, on est intéressé par des questions du type : « Une propriété est-elle satisfaite, au sein d'un modèle donné, avec probabilité 1 ? » (qualitatif) ou bien « Peut-on calculer une approximation de la probabilité que le modèle satisfait une propriété donnée ? » (quantitatif).Nous étudions ces questions dans des systèmes probabilistes généraux en utilisant, entre autres, la notion de decisiveness utilisée dans les chaînes de Markov infinie dans le but d'obtenir d'importants résultats qualitatifs et que nous étendons ici dans notre contexte plus général. Nous prouvons plusieurs résultats pour les problèmes de model-checking qualitatifs et quantitatifs de ces systèmes probabilistes, certains d'entre eux étant des extensions de travaux antérieurs sur les chaînes de Markov, d'autres étant nouveaux, et nous montrons comment l'on peut appliquer ces résultats sur des sous-classes des ATS. Nous étudions ensuite la vérification compositionnelle des ATS. En général, un système est le résultat de plusieurs plus petits systèmes fonctionnant ensemble. La vérification compositionnelle permet alors de réduire l'analyse de gros systèmes aux analyses des plus petits systèmes qui le composent. Il est donc crucial d'avoir une bonne structure compositionnelle au sein des modèles mathématiques, et cela manque aux ATS. Dans cette thèse, nous définissons un opérateur de composition pour les ATS. Nous faisons d'abord l'hypothèse que les ATS composés fonctionnent complètement indépendamment l'un de l'autre, c'est-à-dire les ATS ne communiquent pas entre eux. Nous prouvons que notre définition satisfait bien cette hypothèse d'indépendance. Un tel opérateur de composition n'est pas très intéressant puisque, généralement, les systèmes interagissent entre eux. Mais c'est une première étape nécessaire. Nous introduisons donc le nouveau modèle des ATS interactifs (ATSI) qui vont permettre des interactions entre les systèmes. Nous définissons un opérateur de composition dans les ATSI qui va rendre possible des synchronisations entre les systèmes et qui est construit sur la précédente composition dans les ATS. Nous finissons cette thèse par l'identification d'une sous-classe de ATSI dans laquelle tous les résultats qualitatifs et quantitatifs fournis dans cette thèse peuvent être appliqués, et qui est donc accompagnée d'une bonne structure compositionnelle au sein du modèleVerification is now a well-known branch in computer science. It is crucial when dealing with computer programs in automatic systems: we want to check if a given system is correct and satisfies some specifications that should be met. One way to analyse those systems is to model them mathematically. The question is then: can we check if the model satisfies the required specifications ? This is called the model-checking problem. Several models have been studied in the literature. We have an interest for models that can mix both timing and randomized aspects. In this thesis we thus study the stochastic timed automaton model (STA). The contributions of this document are twofold. First, we study the qualitative and quantitative model-checking problems of STA. STA are, in particular, general probabilistic systems and with such model, one is thus interested in questions like « Is a property satisfied, within a given model, with probability 1 ? » (qualitative) or « Can we compute an approximation of the probability that the model satisfies a given property ? » (quantitative).We study those questions for general stochastic systems using, amongst other, the notion of decisiveness used in infinite Markov chains in order to get strong qualitative and quantitative results, and that we extend here in or more general context. We prove several results for the qualitative and quantitative model-checking problems of those probabilistic systems, some of them being extensions of previous work on Markov chains, others being new, and we show how it can be applied to subclasses of STA. Then we study the compositional verification in STA. In general, a system is the result of several smaller systems working together. Compositional verification allows then one to reduce the analysis of a big system to the analyses of the smaller systems which compose it. It is then crucial to have a good compositional framework in mathematical models, and this lacks in STA. In this thesis, we define an operator of composition for STA. We first make the assumption that the STA composed run completely independently from each other, i.e. they do not communicate between them. We prove that our definition satisfies indeed this independence assumption. Such an operator of composition is not very interesting as in general, systems do communicate. But it is a necessary first step. We then introduce the new model of interactive STA (ISTA) that will allow for interactions between the systems. We define an operator of composition in ISTA that will make synchronisations possible between the systems and that is built on the previous composition in STA. We end this thesis with the identification of a subclass of ISTA in which all the qualitative and quantitative results provided in this thesis can be applied, and which thus comes with the nice compositional framework defined in the model
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Kick, Marco. „Coalgebraic modelling of timed processes“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24771.
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This thesis presents an abstract mathematical account of timed processes and their operational semantics, where time is modelled by a special kind of monoids, so-called time domains, and (the operational behaviour of) timed processes is represented by special labelled transition systems, so-called timed transition systems (TTSs), together with time bisimulation as an appropriate notion of equivalence of such processes. The importance of monoid-related notions for describing timed phenomena is then illustrated by showing that TTSs are the same as the (partial) actions of the monoid of time; moreover, total monoid actions are also shown to arise naturally in this approach in the form of delay operators. The two kinds of monoid actions are suitably combined in a new motion of biaction which captures the interplay of two very important features of timed processes: letting time pass and delaying. The TTSs are then characterised as coalgebras of a novel evolution comonad, which is inspired by well-known categorical descriptions of total monoid actions; in doing so, a coalgebraic description of time bisimulation is also provided. Additionally, biactions are characterised as bialgebras of a distributive law of a monad (for total monoid actions) over a comonad (the evolution comonad for partial monoid actions). Building on these results, it is possible to obtain an abstract categorical treatment of operational rules for timed processes. The approach taken here is based on the frame-work by Turi and Plotkin, using distributive laws and bialgebras (similar to the treatment of biactions), and which, subsequently, is extended to accommodate behaviour comonads, as required for the coalgebraic description of TTSs. These abstract rules then form the basis for the development of several new syntactic rule formats for timed processes which describe classes of particularly ‘well-behaved’ languages for specifying timed processes.
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Collins, Sean. „The ethnobotany of East Timor“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26879.
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The ethnobotany of East Timor was examined for the first time with emphasis being placed on documenting traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. The medicinal plant traditions of 3 distinct East Timorese cultures were studied and compared using both modern quantitative ethnobotanical methods but also with classical descriptive ethnobotanical techniques. A total of 116 medicinal plant species were identified. The medicinal plant traditions of the Laklei and Idate cultures of East Timor were compared using Trotter and Logan's (1986) quantitative 'informant consensus factor'. On average, informant consensus was greater in Laklei suggesting a medicinal plant tradition that is more well defined than in Idate, where informants are more likely to use the same medicinal plants when treating similar illnesses. Furthermore, only 11 of 86 medicinal plant species documented with these two cultures were used by both cultures of which only 6 had similar uses. The medicinal plant tradition of a third indigenous culture, the Fataluku people, was documented using classical descriptive ethnobotanical techniques. Over 70% of the Fataluku medicinal plants were different from those used by the Laklei or the Idate people. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Amnell, Tobias. „Code synthesis for timed automata“. Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-86154.
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In this thesis, we study executable behaviours of timed models. The focus is on synthesis of executable code with predictable behaviours from high level abstract models. We assume that a timed system consists of two parts: the control software and the plant (i.e. the environment to be controlled). Both are modelled as timed automata extended with real time tasks. We consider the extended timed automata as design models. We present a compilation procedure to transform design models to executable code including a run-time scheduler (run time system) preserving the correctness and schedulability of the models. The compilation procedure has been implemented in a prototype C-code generator for the brickOS operating system included in the Times tool. We also present an animator, based on hybrid automata, to be used to describe a simulated environment (i.e. the plant) for timed systems. The tasks of the hybrid automata define differential equations and the animator uses a differential equations solver to calculate step-wise approximations of real valued variables. The animated objects, described as hybrid automata, are compiled by the Times tool into executable code using a similar procedure as for controller software. To demonstrate the applicability of timed automata with tasks as a design language we have developed the control software for a production cell. The production cell is built in LEGO and is controlled by a Hitachi H8 based LEGO-Mindstorms control brick. The control software has been analysed (using the Times tool) for schedulability and other safety properties. Using results from the analysis we were able to avoid generating code for parts of the design that could never be reached, and could also limit the amount of memory allocated for the task queue.
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Soepri, Hantoro Wahyoe. „Etude des terrasses récifales quaternaires soulevées entre le détroit de la Sonde et l'île de Timor, Indonésie : mouvements verticaux de la croute terrestre et variations du niveau de la mer“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22047.
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Wise, Amanda Yvonne. „No longer in exile? : shifting experiences of home, homeland and identity for the East Timorese refugee diaspora in Australia in light of East Timor's independence /“. View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031117.142448/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2002.A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, October 2002, Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-291).
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Laur, Anja Rita [Verfasser]. „Hautpermeation von Timolol bei Frühgeborenen / Anja Rita Laur“. Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216501793/34.
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Guterres, Francisco da Costa, und n/a. „Elites and Prospects of Democracy in East Timor“. Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061108.163627.
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East Timor is a former colony of Portugal and one-time province of Indonesia. Portuguese colonization ended in 1975 amid brief civil warring between local political parties that had recently been established. This conflict was followed by an Indonesian military invasion, ushering in a period of domination that only ended in 1999 when the United Nations carried out a referendum by which to determine East Timor's future. But this occupation also ended with much violence, generating bitter sentiments between elites that has hampered democratisation even as independence has been won. One of the conclusions made in this study is that East Timor's transition to democracy fails to correlate fully with any of the modal processes outlined in the literature. Rather, in the case of East Timor, a number of pathways merge. In some ways, it begins with what Huntington conceptualized as bottom-up 'replacement', with local mass publics voting against their oppressors. But one of the factors that quickly distinguished this case is that the voting by which change was organized by an external force, the United Nations (UN), and targeted a foreign power, the Indonesian government. In this way, the processes of independence and democratisation were nearly coterminous. East Timor's progress was also complicated by Indonesia's responding to the referendum's outcome by instigating much violence through the militia groups that it controlled. This summoned yet another external actor, the Australian military. It also greatly extended the role of the UN, geared now to restarting the democratisation process by organising founding elections. But if East Timor's democratic transition is complex, an account of the precariousness of the democracy that has been brought about is straightforward. Put simply, given the weakness of institutions and civil society organization, this thesis restores attention to the autonomy and voluntarism possessed by national elites. The hypothesis guiding this thesis, then, is that elites are disunified, but have avoided any return to outright warring. Further, they are at most 'semi-loyal' in their attitudes toward democracy. Accordingly, democracy persists in East Timor, but is subject to many abuses. Thus, most of the research in this thesis seeks to explain elite-level attitudes and relations. In particular, it shows that cooperation between elites and shared commitments to democracy has been hampered by the diversity of their backgrounds. Some elites gained their standings and outlooks under Indonesian occupation. Others gained their statuses because of the guerrilla resistance they mounted against this occupation. The attitudes of other elites were deeply coloured by their experiences in a multitude of countries, including Indonesia, Portugal, Mozambique and Australia. This thesis then demonstrates that these diverse origins and standings have shaped elite attitudes and relations in ways that are unfavourable for political stability and democracy. Under Portuguese rule, three distinct elite groups emerged in East Timor: top government administrators, business elites and young professionals or intellectuals. In the last years of Portuguese domination, they formed some political parties, enabling them to emerge as political elites. Lacking what Higley et al. label structural integration and value consensus, these elites engaged in violent conflict that peaked in brief civil warring and triggered the Indonesian occupation. This elite-level disunity persisted during occupation, with elites continuing to use violence against each other. National elites were also diversified further, with the administrators and resistors joined by pro-Indonesian groups, the Catholic Church group, and nationalist intellectuals, hence extending the range of social origins and ideological outlooks. East Timor finally gained independence in 2002. However, this thesis shows that elite relations still lack integration and consensus. Their country's political frameworks were negotiated by officials from Portugal and Indonesia under the auspices of the UN. Moreover, even after the referendum sponsored by the UN was held, UN officials in New York overshadowed the preferences and decision making of national elites. This exclusion denied East Timorese elites the opportunity to learn and to habituate themselves in making political decisions based on peaceful dialogue and bargaining. Thus, while the use of overt violence diminished, elites continued to harbour deep suspicions, encouraging their use of manipulations, subterfuge, and violence by proxy in their dealings with one another. In consequence, tensions between elites in East Timor, while stopping short of outright warring, continue to simmer. It is thus uncertain whether, or for how long, these tensions might be contained by the formal institutions and procedures that have been put in place. Analysis is also clouded by the fact that in the wake of independence, still more kinds of elites have appeared on the scene. New fault lines thus stem from generational membership (older and younger), geographic location (diaspora and homegrown), and new kinds of organisational bases (political parties, state bureaucracy, security forces, business, the Catholic Church, and civil society). These elites have only begun to interact with another directly and regularly since East Timor's independence. They find that they possess different outlooks and levels of influence and power. Nonetheless, despite these inauspicious beginnings, it is important to underscore the fact that since independence, elites have refrained from the open warring that they once undertook. This thesis predicts that sustained elite skirmishing, but not open warring, and semi-democratic politics, rather than 'full' democracy or hard authoritarianism will persist. Much should be made clearer, though, by the ways in which the next parliamentary election, due in 2007, is conducted.
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Dias, Christiane da Silva. „"É língua oficial de Timor-Leste, quer não quer nós temos que falar": reflexões sobre políticas e práticas linguísticas em Díli“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158405.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2015.Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T14:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 336819.pdf: 3608135 bytes, checksum: 8f1b5a843597869fc343c71a95286a43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Este estudo nasce do interesse da autora de problematizar as políticas linguísticas em contextos de antigas colônias portuguesas. Nesse caso, especificamente, é uma tentativa de compreender as dinâmicas do(s) discurso(s) que permeia(m) a oficialização da língua portuguesa em Timor-Leste e sua relação com as práticas linguísticas cotidianas adotadas pela população que vive e transita em Díli, capital do país e também por timorenses que escolheram estudar no Brasil. Um dos objetivos desse trabalho é tentar relatar a construção discursiva da política linguística timorense, por meio de documentos que definem as políticas linguísticas institucionais e, a partir daí, confrontar essa análise com outra, a das práticas linguísticas cotidianas. Timor-Leste é o único país asiático integrante da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, bloco de Estados que se definem a partir do fato de partilharem a língua portuguesa como idioma oficial. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa busca inspiração na linguística aplicada crítica e nos estudos pós-coloniais (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; MAKONI, 2006, 2007, 2012; MOITA LOPES, 2013; PENNYCOOK, 2001, 2007, 2010; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003, 2004). Além disso, propõe um diálogo com os estudos culturais (HALL, 2005) para refletir sobre categorias como cultura e identidade, recorrentes nos documentos oficiais como justificativa da oficialização da língua portuguesa (TIMOR-LESTE, 2002, 2008, 2012). O trabalho seguiu duas etapas metodológicas interligadas. A partir da análise de documentos oficiais de políticas linguísticas daquele país ? a Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; a Lei de Bases da Educação; a Resolução do Parlamento Nacional sobre ?A Importância da Promoção e do Ensino nas Línguas Oficiais para a Unidade e Coesão Nacionais e para a Consolidação de uma Identidade Própria e Original no Mundo?; e o Plano do Ministério da Educação 2013-2017 ? procurou observar a relação do que institucionalmente está localizado em um plano ideal com o que é manifestado por duas comunidades de prática (ECKERT, 1992) específicas: a de estudantes timorenses que frequentam o ensino superior na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e a de estudantes finalistas do curso de Formação de Professores de uma universidade em Díli. Além destas comunidades de prática, considerou-se, também, a paisagem linguística (LANDRY & BOURHIS, 1997) multilíngue da capital timorense, onde a autora viveu e trabalhou por um ano. A provocação contida nesse trabalho é que discursos institucionais monofônicos constroem a imagem de uma identidade nacional fixa. Por outro lado, as práticas cotidianas revelam um ambiente polifônico, híbrido e conflituoso. Por fim, a dissertação pretende contribuir para reflexões críticas sobre a relação política entre língua(s), cultura(s) e identidade(s) ao explorar o processo de construção política da ideia de língua.
Abstract : This study starts from the interest of the author in discussing the linguistic policies in former portuguese colonies contexts. In this case, specifically, is an attempt to understand the dynamics of the discourse(s) that addresses the officialization of the portuguese language in Timor-Leste and its relation with the language practices adoptedby the population that lives and moves in Dili, the country capital. The aim of this study is to try to report the discursive construction of the timorese languistic policy, through documents that define the institutional languistic policies and compare this analysis with the language of everyday practices. Timor-Leste is the only Asian country member of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, an institution that are defined from the fact that share portuguese as an official language. From a theoretical approach, the research seeks inspiration in critical applied linguistics and postcolonial studies (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; Makoni, [2006], [2007], [2012]; MOITA-LOPES, 2013; PENNYCOOK, [2001], [2007], [2010]; RAJAGOPALAN, [2003], [2004]). It also proposes a dialogue with cultural studies (HALL, 2005) to think on categories such as culture and identity, which are present in official documents to justify the officialization of the portuguese language (TIMOR-LESTE, [2002], [2008], [2012]). This study comprises two methodological steps. From the analysis of official documents of language policies of Timor-Leste - the Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; a Lei de Bases da Educação; a Resolução do Parlamento Nacional sobre ?A importância da Promoção e do Ensino nas Línguas Oficiais para a Unidade e Coesão Nacionais e para a Consolidação de uma Identidade Própria e Original no Mundo?; and the Plano do Ministério da Educação 2013-2017 - sought to look on the relation between what is institutionally located as an ideal and what is show up by two communities of practice (ECKERT, 1992): the timorese students at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) and senior students from an university in Dili: and the linguistic landscape (LANDRY & BOURHIS, 1997) of the Timor-Leste?s, capital city, where the author lived and worked for one year. The set here is that monophonic institutional discourses construct a fixed national identity. On the other hand, the linguistic practices reveal a polyphonic, hybrid and conflicted environment. Finally, this study aims to contribute for the critical reflections on the political connection between language(s), culture(s) and identity(s), through scanning the process of political language construction.
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Ribeiro, Imaculada da Conceição. „Educação e formação de professores no Timor-Leste (2000-2012)“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/169515.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2015.Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T13:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 338848.pdf: 446237 bytes, checksum: eec5816fff118b0bc81ae4fb7939cb74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Nesta pesquisa discutimos as políticas do governo timorense de formação de professores para o ensino pré-escolar até o superior. Exploramos os problemas existentes e o que pode ser feito para que a política de educação em Timor-Leste envolva a formação dos professores no seu planejamento, tendo em vista o futuro da nação. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho envolveu: balanço de literatura para verificação dos autores que se dedicaram ao tema e como o discutiram; análise de documentação do Estado sobre a política de formação docente e análise da atual política educacional e de formação docente no Timor-Leste; exposição da formação dos professores do ensino pré-escolar ao ensino superior. Atualmente, falta formação o que gera, obviamente, um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade do ensino e a aprendizagem em sala de aula e ainda um impacto negativo sobre os potenciais dos futuros alunos. Neste pesquisa, discutimos o nível de educação e formação dos professores em Timor-Leste. Além disso, destacamos a história da colonização portuguesa, a invasão pela Indonésia e a restauração da independência do Timor-Leste. Para responder aos problemas associados com a falta de formação dos professores, foram examinados os seguintes pontos: Política Educacional no Timor-Leste; formação docente após o ano de 2000 e formação do professor na atualidade.
Abstract : In this research, we discuss the policies of the Timorese government teacher training for pre-school education to superior education. We explored the problems and what can be done so that education policy in East Timor involves the training of teachers in their planning with a view to the future of the nation. The methodology used in this study included: literature balance for verification of authors who have dedicated themselves to the subject and as discussed; State analysis of documentation on teacher training policy and analysis of current educational policy and teacher education in Timor-Leste; Exposure teacher education pre-school to higher education. Currently, they lack training, which obviously generates a negative impact on the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom and even a negative impact on potential future students. In this research, we discuss the level of education and teacher training in East Timor. In addition, it highlights the history of Portuguese colonization, invasion by Indonesia and the restoration of independence of East Timor. To address the problems associated with the lack of teacher training, the following points were examined: Educational Policy in East Timor; teacher training after the year 2000 and teacher education today.
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Fetzer, Christof. „Fail-awareness in timed asynchronous systems /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9726902.
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Figueiredo, Fernando Augusto. „Timor : a presença portuguesa (1769-1945)“. Tese, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2004. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000151713.
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Timor situa-se na Insulíndia, periferia do grande Arquipélago Malaio, ao norte da Austrália. O solo é montanhoso e bastante compartimentado, originando uma diversidade climática com repercussões sobre a fauna e a flora do território, e contribuindo para a formação de grupos etnolinguísticos na população que, desde o Paleolítico, o habitou. De igual modo, a organização política administrativa da sociedade timorense mais antiga reflectia essa dispersão, apesar da similitude da estrutura e do funcionamento dos reinos em que se agrupava. Aos elementos proto-malaios e à cultura austronésia predominantes, foram juntar-se, ao longo do tempo, outros grupos étnicos e várias influências próximas ou maisa longínquas, das quais se destaca, sobretudo na parte oriental da ilha de Timor, a exercida pelos portugueses. A presença portuguesa iniciada nos princípios do século XVI, esteve sempre condicionada por uma subalternidade do território que, em períodos sucessivos, se revestiu de aspectos diferentes. Logo no século seguinte, a perda de Malaca(1641) distanciou mais o arquipélago de Timor de um grande centro. Desde então,a distância, a carência de comunicações e a forte implantação holandesa na região, tornaram muito precária a sua manutenção, pelo menos até à segunda metade do séc. XIX. A dependência de Goa e Macau, entre os séculos XVIII e os finais do séc. XIX, evidenciam uma política essencialmente administrativa para a conservação da colónia, explorando sobretudo os seus recursos naturais de que o sândalo é o melhor exemplo. Por seu lado, as estruturas tradicionais indígenas mantinham-se praticamente intocáveis, possibilitando uma coexistência de tipo senhorial, que não se coadunava com as novas orientações de política colonial definidas na Conferência de Berlim.
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Mavrommatis, Panayiotis P. „Simulation of timed input/output automata“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36395.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).
This Master of Engineering Thesis describes the design, implementation, and usage of the TIOA Simulator. The TIOA Simulator, along with the other components of the TIOA Toolset aims to provide a framework for developing dependable distributed systems. The project is based on the Timed Input/Output Automaton framework, and supports TIOA, a formal language for specifying timed I/O automata. Simulation of TIOA programs is useful in the process of testing the proposed system over a specific set of executions. During the execution the Simulator is able to test proposed invariants and validate a proposed simulation relation between the system's implementation and its specification. A step correspondence between the steps of the implementation and the specification drives the validation of the simulation relation. The identification and validation of the invariants and the simulation relation constitutes the first step towards a formal verification of the system's correctness. The proposed step correspondence can be used in a formal proof to show that the proposed relation is indeed a simulation relation.
by Panayiotis P. Mavrommatis.
M.Eng.
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Lowe, Gavin. „Probabilities and priorities in timed CSP“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfec28d9-aa50-46f3-a664-eb5fbe97b261.
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Widerberg, Ernst. „A Modeling Language for Timed Automata“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291554.
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This work details the design and implementation of a modeling language for timed automata. The primary intended use of the language TML is as an interface to controller synthesis system m2mc, which is being developed in a current KTH/Chalmers research project. TML is evaluated by a qualitative comparison with the modeling languages of two well-known model checking tools: Uppaal and Kronos. Two example systems (Fischer’s mutual exclusion protocol and CSMA/CD) are implemented in all three languages, to discover the relative merits of each language. Although not as feature rich as Uppaal, TML brings some new language features which are found to be potentially useful for modeling timed automata systems. These features are largely adopted from the general graph description language Dot, used by programs in the Graphviz software package. As m2mc is still in early development and liable to change, an intermediate JSON representation for timed automata is defined. A compiler targeting this intermediate representation is implemented using Miking, a new compiler tool under development in a separate KTH project. Further compilation from JSON to Uppaal is implemented as a proof of concept.Detta arbete behandlar utformning och implementering av ett modelleringsspråk för tidsautomater. Språket TML:s huvudsakliga tänkta tillämpning är att fungera som ett användargränssnitt för kontrollsyntessystemet m2mc, vilket utvecklas i ett pågående forskningsprojekt på KTH och Chalmers. TML utvärderas genom en kvalitativ jämförelse med modelleringsspråken för två välkända model checking-verktyg: Uppaal och Kronos. Två exempelsystem (Fischers protokoll för mutual exclusion och CSMA/CD) implementeras i vardera modelleringsspråk för att undersöka de olika språkens relativa fördelar och nackdelar. Fastän TML inte är lika omfattande i funktionalitet som Uppaal så bidrar språket med en del nya funktioner, vilka baserat på utvärderingen anses kunna vara användbara för modellering av tidsautomatsystem. Dessa funktioner hämtas till stor del från språket Dot, vilket används i mjukvarupaketet Graphviz för att modellera generella grafer. Eftersom m2mc är i tidig utveckling vore direkt integration med TML inte praktiskt användbart. Därför definieras istället ett mellanformat för tidsautomater i JSON. En kompilator för TML som producerar detta mellanformat implementeras med användning av Miking, ett nytt kompilatorverktyg under utveckling i ett separat KTH-projekt. Som ett koncepttest implementeras vidare kompilering från JSON till Uppaal.
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Chen, Liang. „Timed processes : models, axioms and decidability“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/409.
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This thesis presents and studies a timed computational model of parallelism, a Timed Calculus of Communicating Systems or Timed CCS for short. Timed CCS is an extension of Milner's CCS with time. We allow time to be discrete, such as the natural numbers, or dense, such as the non-negative rationals or the non-negative reals. We make no assumption of the Maximal Progress Principle, but the calculus is consistent with the principle. Time variables in the language allow us to express a notion of time dependency and the language is more expressive than those without time variables or infinite summation. We extend the well known notion of bisimulation to timed processes and study the abstract sensation of timed processes. We show that strong equivalence (the largest strong bisimulation) is decidable for finite processes, i.e. processes without recursion. The decidability is independent of the choice of time domain. We also present a simple proof system for strong equivalence and the proof system is again independent of the choice of time domain. We show that the proof system is sound and complete for finite processes over dense time domains, but only complete for a restricted language over discrete time domains. We discuss how to modify the definition of time expressions to get the restricted language. We also study behavioural abstraction in timed processes. The thesis also presents and studies a general model, Timed Synchronisation Trees, for timed calculi. Timed synchronisation trees are extensions of synchronisation trees with time. All constructions on timed synchronisation trees are continuous with respect to a natural complete partial order. We can interpret a wide range of real-time process algebras in timed synchronisation trees. As an example, we give a denotational semantics for Timed CCS based on timed synchronisation trees. We show that the denotational and operational semantics of Timed CCS coincide. CCS is a symbolic calculus in the sense that it treats solely the observation of events of a system. The relative time, location and duration of events are abstracted away from the consideration. If we postulate that every action has a non-zero constant duration, we can observe the usual notions of causality, concurrency and conflict relations of events of a system. By interpreting CCS in Timed CCS based on a postulation that for any two events which are causally related there is at least a non-zero constant delay between them, we get a timed semantics for CCS. The timed semantics of CCS is a partial order or true concurrency semantics. As a consequence, we develop a partial order or true concurrency semantics based on an interleaving approach.
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Potetsianakis, Emmanouil. „Enhancing video applications through timed metadata“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT029.
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Les dispositifs d'enregistrement vidéo sont souvent équipés de capteurs (smartphones par exemple, avec récepteur GPS, gyroscope, etc.) ou utilisés dans des systèmes où des capteurs sont présents (par exemple, caméras de surveillance, zones avec capteurs de température et/ou d'humidité). Par conséquent, de nombreux systèmes traitent et distribuent la vidéo avec des flux de métadonnées temporels, souvent sous forme de contenu généré par l'utilisateur (UGC). La diffusion vidéo a fait l'objet d'études approfondies, mais les flux de métadonnées ont des caractéristiques et des formes différentes, et il n'existe en pratique pas de méthode cohérente et efficace pour les traiter conjointement avec les flux vidéo. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les moyens d'améliorer les applications vidéo grâce aux métadonnées temporelles. Nous définissons comme métadonnées temporelles toutes les données non audiovisuelles enregistrées ou produites, qui sont pertinentes à un moment précis sur la ligne de temps du média. ”L'amélioration” des applications vidéo a une double signification, et ce travail se compose de deux parties respectives. Premièrement, utiliser les métadonnées temporelles pour étendre les capacités des applications multimédias, en introduisant de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Deuxièmement, utiliser les métadonnées chronométrées pour améliorer la distribution de contenu pour de telles applications. Pour l'extension d'applications multimédias, nous avons adopté une approche exploratoire et nous présentons deux cas d'utilisation avec des exemples d'application. Dans le premier cas, les métadonnées temporelles sont utilisées comme données d'entrée pour générer du contenu, et dans le second, elles sont utilisées pour étendre les capacités de navigation pour le contenu multimédia sous-jacent. En concevant et en mettant en œuvre deux scénarios d'application différents, nous avons pu identifier le potentiel et les limites des systèmes vidéo avec métadonnées temporelles. Nous utilisons les résultats de la première partie afin d'améliorer les applications vidéo, en utilisant les métadonnées temporelles pour optimiser la diffusion du contenu. Plus précisément, nous étudions l'utilisation de métadonnées temporelles pour l'adaptation multi-variables dans la diffusion vidéo multi-vues et nous testons nos propositions sur une des plateformes développées précédemment. Notre dernière contribution est un système de buffering pour la lecture synchrone et à faible latence dans les systèmes de streaming en directVideo recording devices are often equipped with sensors (smartphones for example, with GPS receiver, gyroscope etc.), or used in settings where sensors are present (e.g. monitor cameras, in areas with temperature and/or humidity sensors). As a result, many systems process and distribute video together with timed metadata streams, often sourced as User-Generated Content. Video delivery has been thoroughly studied, however timed metadata streams have varying characteristics and forms, thus a consistent and effective way to handle them in conjunction with the video streams does not exist. In this Thesis we study ways to enhance video applications through timed metadata. We define as timed metadata all the non-audiovisual data recorded or produced, that are relevant to a specific time on the media timeline. ”Enhancing” video applications has a double meaning, and this work consists of two respective parts. First, using the timed metadata to extend the capabilities of multimedia applications, by introducing novel functionalities. Second, using the timed metadata to improve the content delivery for such applications. To extend multimedia applications, we have taken an exploratory approach, and we demonstrate two use cases with application examples. In the first case, timed metadata is used as input for generating content, and in the second, it is used to extend the navigational capabilities for the underlying multimedia content. By designing and implementing two different application scenarios we were able to identify the potential and limitations of video systems with timed metadata. We use the findings from the first part, to work from the perspective of enhancing video applications, by using the timed metadata to improve delivery of the content. More specifically, we study the use of timed metadata for multi-variable adaptation in multi-view video delivery - and we test our proposals on one of the platforms developed previously. Our final contribution is a buffering scheme for synchronous and lowlatency playback in live streaming systems
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Uhlin, Sofie, und Sofia Fleischhacker. „Clashes and Education in Timor Leste“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33883.
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The purpose of this qualitative thesis is to describe and analyse the implementation of an education system in the newly independent state, Timor Leste. One question to be discussed is whether an emergency phase is still going on in the development of a functioning school system, or if Timor Leste already reached a capacity building phase? Via the participant's answers in field observations and interviews, the study analyses the clashes between generations, social classes and different levels in relation to the choice of Portuguese as an official language and the international environment in the country. The thesis concludes that a lot of work remains in creating a fully functioning education system. We enjoyed the writing - and hope you will enjoy the reading!
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Basset, Nicolas. „Volumetry of timed languages and applications“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1073/document.
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Depuis le début des années 90, les automates temporisés et les langages temporisés ont été largement utilisés pour modéliser et vérifier les systèmes temps réels. Ces langages ont été aussi été largement étudiés d'un point de vue théorique. Plus récemment Asarin et Degorre ont introduit les notions de volume et d'entropie des langages temporisés pour quantifier la taille de ces langages et l'information que ses éléments contiennent. Dans cette thèse nous construisons de nouveaux développements à cette théorie (que nous appelons volumétrie des langages temporisés) et l'appliquons a plusieurs problèmes apparaissant dans divers domaine de recherche tel que la théorie de l'information, la vérification, la combinatoire énumérative. Entre autre nous (i) développons une théorie de la dynamique symbolique temporisée~; (ii) caractérisons une dichotomie entre automate temporisé se comportant bien ou mal~; (iii) définissons pour un automate temporisé donné, un processus stochastique d'entropie maximale le moins biaisé possible~; (iv) développons une version temporisé de la théorie des codes sur canal contraint (v) énumérons et générons aléatoirement des permutations dans une certaine classeSince early 90s, timed automata and timed languages are extensively used for modelling and verification of real-time systems, and thoroughly explored from a theoretical standpoint. Recently Asarin and Degorre introduced the notions of volume and entropy of timed languages to quantify the size of these languages and the information content of their elements. In this thesis we build new developments of this theory (called by us volumetry of timed languages) and apply it to several problems occurring in various domains of theoretical computer science such as verification, enumerative combinatorics or information theory. Among other we (i) develop a theory of timed symbolic dynamics; (ii) characterize a dichotomy between bad behaving and well behaving timed automata; (iii) define a least biased stochastic process for a timed automaton; (iv) develop a timed theory of constrained channel coding; (v)count and generate randomly and uniformly permutations in certain classes
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Masapati, Gulammahammad Hasanasaheb. „Performance prediction using timed Petri nets“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5155.
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Figueiredo, Fernando Augusto. „Timor : a presença portuguesa (1769-1945)“. Doctoral thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10864.
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Timor situa-se na Insulíndia, periferia do grande Arquipélago Malaio, ao norte da Austrália. O solo é montanhoso e bastante compartimentado, originando uma diversidade climática com repercussões sobre a fauna e a flora do território, e contribuindo para a formação de grupos etnolinguísticos na população que, desde o Paleolítico, o habitou. De igual modo, a organização política administrativa da sociedade timorense mais antiga reflectia essa dispersão, apesar da similitude da estrutura e do funcionamento dos reinos em que se agrupava. Aos elementos proto-malaios e à cultura austronésia predominantes, foram juntar-se, ao longo do tempo, outros grupos étnicos e várias influências próximas ou maisa longínquas, das quais se destaca, sobretudo na parte oriental da ilha de Timor, a exercida pelos portugueses. A presença portuguesa iniciada nos princípios do século XVI, esteve sempre condicionada por uma subalternidade do território que, em períodos sucessivos, se revestiu de aspectos diferentes. Logo no século seguinte, a perda de Malaca(1641) distanciou mais o arquipélago de Timor de um grande centro. Desde então,a distância, a carência de comunicações e a forte implantação holandesa na região, tornaram muito precária a sua manutenção, pelo menos até à segunda metade do séc. XIX. A dependência de Goa e Macau, entre os séculos XVIII e os finais do séc. XIX, evidenciam uma política essencialmente administrativa para a conservação da colónia, explorando sobretudo os seus recursos naturais de que o sândalo é o melhor exemplo. Por seu lado, as estruturas tradicionais indígenas mantinham-se praticamente intocáveis, possibilitando uma coexistência de tipo senhorial, que não se coadunava com as novas orientações de política colonial definidas na Conferência de Berlim.
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Santos, João dos. „O INFORDEPE e as sua contribuições a formação continuada de professores do Timor-Leste“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/169426.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2015.Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T12:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 338851.pdf: 832569 bytes, checksum: 2dbfd52e933d1bd8336c56a8f4f61674 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar o papel do Instituto Nacional de Formação de Docentes e Profissionais da Educação (INFORDEPE), traçando um histórico deste órgão e a sua importância para a educação do Timor-Leste, bem como compreender os encaminhamentos dados por este instituto para a formação continuada dos professores deste país. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se estudar os documentos relativos à criação e desenvolvimento do instituto; identificar como o processo de gestão na formação continuada ocorre em Timor-Leste; entrevistar os gestores do INFORDEPE, buscando compreender a história do desenvolvimento e o papel político do instituto para a formação continuada de professores no país. Para isso, entrevistou-se os dirigentes responsáveis pelo Instituto Nacional de Formação Profissional e Contínua (INFPC), 2002 a 2011, e do INFORDEPE, 2011 a 2014, e também o coordenador da divisão do gabinete da formação profissional e contínua nos anos de 2013 e 2014. Verificou-se neste estudo que, no período pós-independência, várias frentes foram realizadas para contribuir com a formação dos professores e a criação de dois institutos foi importante para isso: o Instituto Nacional de Formação Profissional e Contínua (INFPC) e o INFORDEPE. Pela voz dos dirigentes fica clara a contribuição das cooperações internacionais, em particular Brasil e Portugal. Sobre as dificuldades da formação continuada dois pontos ficam evidenciados: a falta ainda de formação inicial dos professores e a dificuldade do ensino em língua portuguesa.
Abstract : The general aim of the present study is to investigate the educational and political role of the National Institute for Training of Teachers and Education Professionals (INFORDEPE) by providing a background on this institution and its importance for Education in East Timor, as well as to comprehend the implementations given by the institute to the continuing education of teachers from that country. The specific aims of this research are: to study the documents related to the creation and development of the institute; to identify how the management process in the continuing education occurs in East Timor; and, to interview the managers of INFORDEPE in an attempt to understand the history of development of the institution as well as its political role to the continuing education of teachers in the country. The leaders responsible for the National Institute for the Development of Continuous Vocational Training (INFPC) from 2002 to 2011, the ones responsible for INFORDEPE from 2011 to 2014, and the Coordinator of the Office of Continuous Vocational Training in the years 2013 and 2014 were interviewed. This study points out that in the post-independence period, several measures were implemented to contribute to the teacher training. The creation of two institutions were important for that implementation: the National Institute for the Development of Continuous Vocational Training (INFPC) and INFORDEPE. The interview with the managers evinces the contribution of international cooperation, particularly by Brazil and Portugal. In terms of the difficulties faced by the continuing education, two points are highlighted: the lack of initial teacher education, and the difficulty of teaching in the Portuguese language.
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Do, Carmo Da Silva Jose Lucas. „An objective approach to evaluate environmental management in the offshore oil industry in Timor Sea, East Timor“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3183.
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This research is undertaken as a new venture to explore potential environmental management approaches for the development of the oil industry in East Timor. Particular focus will be given to environmental legislations in order to assess the possible impacts and control of oil industry development in East Timor. The country has newly emerged in the past decade and is still heavily reliant on immediate development of oil resources in order to boost the country’s economic prospects. Environmental laws and regulation are, however, still in an embryonic stage. This research begins with a review of the Timor Sea environment, focusing on the natural resources of the region. This is followed by a review of the potential environmental impacts of the oil industry, as well as an assessment of the importance of Timor Sea habitats and the possible threats posed by the oil industry. Of course, oil industry development mostly takes place offshore therefore the second part of the study involved a pilot study to evaluate stakeholders’ views on the possible impacts of an oil refinery along the South Coast of Timor. Stakeholders were interviewed to gain insight into opinions on how the Timor Sea environment should be managed, and how a new country can raise the living standards of its people in equilibrium with the natural environment of the region. International and national environmental regulatory frameworks were reviewed, including numerous case studies from selected regions. Data collected from stakeholders was analysed, with multivariate and univariate statistical tests employed to assess the significance of differences in responses. Moreover SWOT analyses methods were employed to analyse different environmental frameworks and regulations discussed. The main discoveries of the study include: 1) Mangroves, shallow deep-water coral reefs, seagrass, intertidal shelter sediment and rock are of high value to the Timor Sea and South Coast. In terms of animal groups turtles, dugongs, cetaceans and seabirds are considered to be of high conservation importance, 2) As environmental data or information is limited secondary data was also sourced for this study, 3) Development of the oil industry poses possible threats to the marine environment in the Timor Sea region, although it is localised and transitory in nature, 4) Stakeholders suggested that development of the oil industry should go ahead, but environmental regulations should be in place, 5) Environmental regulations must be adequate and include essential legal components such as clear responsibility, flexible environmental permit system, as well as adequate sanctions for non-compliance and effective monitoring and enforcement processes. The bottom line conclusions of this study is that while economic development should go ahead, measures for environmental protection should also be in place.
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Costa, Zacarias Florêncio da. „Capital social e desenvolvimento comunitário em Timor-Leste: o caso em Suco Biqueli, Atauro; Dili, Timor-Leste“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28083.
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O estudo realizado analisa as lógicas do capital social no contexto do desenvolvimento
comunitário do Suco Biqueli, Ataúro, Dili, Timor-Leste, procurando conhecer o
seu papel na mediação dos processos participativos e de empowerment, e as implicações
nos factores críticos de sucesso do desenvolvimento.
A partir de uma abordagem bottom up do desenvolvimento sobre as dinâmicas da
participação, empowerment, capital social e desenvolvimento comunitário, privilegiou-se
uma investigação qualitativa através de um estudo de caso, tendo sido realizadas nove
entrevistas semiestruturadas a informantes privilegiados, complementadas com a observação
não participante em dois trabalhos de campo intensivos em Biqueli e a análise documental
dos registos oficiais e planos de programas de desenvolvimento e relatórios de
pesquisa. O tratamento e a análise dos dados basearam-se nos pressupostos da análise
estrutural de conteúdo, complementada com o tratamento lexicométrico do corpus das
entrevistas.
Os principais resultados do estudo sugerem que o capital social é percebido como
um recurso pelos atores sociais, representando um elemento gerador de impactos positivos
no desenvolvimento comunitário, porque reforça a coesão social e a ação coletiva, e
capacita os atores sociais na luta contra a miséria e a pobreza. Verificámos ainda que
muitas das intervenções de desenvolvimento em Biqueli só existem porque se encontram
associadas ao poder das lideranças locais e dos grupos comunitários, à racionalidade decisional
das suas escolhas e à previsibilidade dos resultados esperados. Estes resultados
demonstram igualmente a presença de certos limites da racionalidade e previsibilidade
das ações implementadas, mostrando, por exemplo, que a intuição, o voluntarismo, o sentimento
de solidariedade, a confiança e a honestidade têm um papel mais decisivo do que
a “razão” na formulação de objetivos estratégicos de intervenção no desenvolvimento
comunitário, na participação direta e no empowerment comunitário; Social Capital and Community Development in East Timor:
the Case in Suco Biqueli, Atauro, Dili, East Timor
Abstract:
The research analyzes the logic of social capital in the context of community development
in Suco Biqueli, Ataúro, Dili, East Timor, seeking to know its role in mediating
participatory and empowerment processes, and the implications on critical success
factors of development.
Through a bottom up approach of development about the dynamics of participation,
empowerment, social capital and community development, a qualitative research
through a case study was favored and 9 semi-structured interviews were conducted with
key informants, complemented with non-participant observation in 2 intensive fieldwork
in Biqueli and document analysis of research reports and governmental records about
development programs and plans. Data treatment and analysis were based on structural
content analysis assumptions, complemented by lexicometric treatment of the interview
corpus.
The main results of the study suggest that social capital is perceived as a resource
by social actors, representing an element that generates positive impacts on community
development because it reinforces social cohesion and collective action, and empowers
social actors to fight against misery and poverty. We have also found that many of the
development interventions in Biqueli exist only because they are associated with the power
of locals leaders and community groups, the rationality of their choices and the predictability
of expected outcomes. These results demonstrate the presence of certain limits
of rationality and predictability of the implemented actions, showing, for example, that
intuition, voluntarism, feelings of solidarity, trust and honesty play a more decisive role
than “reason” to formulate strategic objectives for intervention in community development,
direct participation and community empowerment.