Zeitschriftenartikel: „Timetable planning“

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Palmqvist, Carl-William, Nils O. E. Olsson und Lena Winslott Hiselius. „The Planners’ Perspective on Train Timetable Errors in Sweden“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8502819.

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Timetables are important for train punctuality. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the people who plan the timetables: the research has instead been more centred on how to improve timetables through simulation, optimisation, and data analysis techniques. In this study, we present an overview of the state of practice and the state of the art in timetable planning by studying the research literature and railway management documents from several European countries. We have also conducted interviews with timetable planners in Southern Sweden, focusing on how timetable planning relates to punctuality problems. An important backdrop for this is a large project currently underway at the Swedish Transport Administration, modernizing the timetable planning tools and processes. This study is intended to help establish a baseline for the future evaluation of this modernization by documenting the current process and issues, as well as some of the research that has influenced the development and specifications of the new tools and processes. Based on the interviews, we found that errors in timetables commonly lead to infeasible timetables, which necessitate intervention by traffic control, and to delays occurring, increasing, and spreading. We found that the timetable planners struggle to create a timetable and that they have neither the time nor the tools required to ensure that the timetable maintains a high quality and level of robustness. The errors we identified are (a) crossing train paths at stations, (b) wrong track allocation of trains at stations, especially for long trains, (c) insufficient dwell and meet times at stations, and (d) insufficient headways leading to delays spreading. We have identified eleven reasons for these errors and found three themes among these reasons: (1) “missing tools and support,” (2) “role conflict,” and (3) “single-loop learning.” As the new tools and processes are rolled out, the situation is expected to improve with regard to the first of these themes. The second theme of role conflict occurs when planners must strive to meet the demands of the train operating companies, while they must also be unbiased and create a timetable that has a high overall quality. While this role conflict will remain in the future, the new tools can perhaps help address the third theme by elevating the planners from first- to double-loop learning and thereby allowing them to focus on quality control and on finding better rules and heuristics. Over time, this will lead to improved timetable robustness and train punctuality.

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Walter, Stefan, und Martin Fellendorf. „Long-Term Upgrade Strategy for Light Rail and Regional Rail“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2534, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2534-06.

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Suburban light rail transit (LRT) and regional rail systems face similar challenges when it comes to upgrade perspectives. A particular planning process is required for upgrade measures apart from conventional alignment modifications. This study investigated the similarities between LRT and regional rail characteristics and developed a robust decision framework that linked demand modeling, timetable construction, and infrastructure design in an integrated approach. The study applied a three-stage planning process for a regional railway system in a midsized Austrian city. A multimodal travel demand model that included demographic changes over the next 2 decades was used. Travel demand was calculated with the current timetable and forecasted changes in regional planning. Within a sensitivity analysis, the impact of alternative timetables on modal shift was checked. A detailed analysis of these results was undertaken to optimize the best-ranked timetable model. Different infrastructure measures such as electrification, double-track sections, road grade crossings, station layout, and alignment changes were identified to match the optimal target timetable with fixed hub-to-hub travel times. Various stakeholders were involved in deciding the political objectives of modal shares, transit headways, and regional rail infrastructure. A well-defined planning process with fixed milestones led to a common agreement on a stepwise upgrade plan for the next 25 years. The proposed method can be applied to regional rail as well as LRT.

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Wu, Yinghui, Yifan Zhu und Tianyu Cao. „Mathematical Analysis and an Exact Solution Combined with Preprocessing Method for Resynchronizing of Bus Timetable Problem“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (23.09.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7832638.

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Bus timetabling is a subproblem of bus network planning, and it determines departure time of each trip of lines to make vehicles from different lines synchronously arrive at transfer stations. Due to the well-designed coordination of bus timetables, passengers can make a smooth transfer without waiting a long time for connecting buses. This paper addresses the planning level of resynchronizing of bus timetable problem allowing modifications to initial timetable. Timetable modifications consist of shifts in the departure times and headways. A single-objective mixed-integer programming model is proposed for this problem to maximize the number of total transferring passengers benefiting from smooth transfers. We analyze the mathematical properties of this model, and then a preprocessing method is designed to reduce the solution space of the proposed model. The numerical results show that the reduced model is effectively solved by branch and bound algorithm, and the preprocessing method has the potential to be applied for large-scale bus networks.

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Giannakopoulou, Kalliopi, Andreas Paraskevopoulos und Christos Zaroliagis. „Multimodal Dynamic Journey-Planning“. Algorithms 12, Nr. 10 (13.10.2019): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12100213.

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In this paper, a new model, known as the multimodal dynamic timetable model (DTM), is presented for computing optimal multimodal journeys in schedule-based public transport systems. The new model constitutes an extension of the dynamic timetable model (DTM), which was developed originally for a different setting (unimodal journey-planning). Multimodal DTM demonstrates a very fast query algorithm that meets the requirement for real-time response to best journey queries, and an ultra-fast update algorithm for updating the timetable information in case of delays of scheduled-based vehicles. An experimental study on real-world metropolitan networks demonstrates that the query and update algorithms of Multimodal DTM compare favorably with other state-of-the-art approaches when public transport, including unrestricted—with respect to departing time—traveling (e.g., walking and electric vehicles) is considered.

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Deris, Safaai, Sigeru Omatu und Hiroshi Ohta. „Timetable planning using the constraint-based reasoning“. Computers & Operations Research 27, Nr. 9 (August 2000): 819–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00051-9.

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DERIS, SAFAAI, SIGERU OMATU, HIROSHI OHTA und PATHIAH ABD SAMAT. „Object-oriented constraint logic programming for timetable planning“. International Journal of Systems Science 28, Nr. 10 (Juli 1997): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729708929462.

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Gorbachev, A. M. „Mathematical model of aperiodic timetables of urban electric transport“. Automation on Transport 6, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2020-6-4-499-517.

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The analysis of scientifi c publications and timetable models is given. Existing works have been used as a basis of a classification of timetables by the frequency of time values. The urban transport network is presented in the form of a multigraph. The transition from a multigraph of the urban transport network to a network of events characterizing the traffi c process is considered. Constraints on time values have been formalized to solve the main problem of the scheduling theory. The proposed formalization factors in the specifi cs of traffic management planning in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. A mathematical model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic based on the theory of linear programming is presented. The optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory has been substantiated. The uniformity of traffi c intervals is used as an optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory. The article provides tabular timetables used in urban transport to describe the traffi c process in the absence of significant events on the line. The implementation of the model presented in this article is exemplified by the automated tram and trolleybus timetable design software being part of the automated urban electric transport control system currently used in Saint Petersburg to form tram and trolleybus timetables. The examples of calculating the vehicle departure interval diagrams have been used to demonstrate the function of aligning the traffi c intervals. In conclusion, the advantages and development paths of the proposed model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic are listed

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Wang, Zeyu, Leishan Zhou, Bin Guo, Xing Chen und Hanxiao Zhou. „An Efficient Hybrid Approach for Scheduling the Train Timetable for the Longer Distance High-Speed Railway“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 5 (26.02.2021): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052538.

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Compared with other modes of transportation, a high-speed railway has energy saving advantages; it is environmentally friendly, safe, and convenient for large capacity transportation between cities. With the expansion of the high-speed railway network, the operation of high-speed railways needs to be improved urgently. In this paper, a hybrid approach for quickly solving the timetable of high-speed railways, inspired by the periodic model and the aperiodic model, is proposed. A space–time decomposition method is proposed to convert the complex passenger travel demands into service plans and decompose the original problem into several sub-problems, to reduce the solving complexity. An integer programming model is proposed for the sub-problems, and then solved in parallel with CPLEX. After that, a local search algorithm is designed to combine the timetables of different periods, considering the safety operation constraints. The hybrid approach is tested on a real-world case study, based on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (HSR), and the results show that the train timetable calculated by the approach is superior to the real-world timetable in many indexes. The hybrid approach combines the advantages of the periodic model and the aperiodic model; it can deal with the travel demands of passengers well and the solving speed is fast. It provides the possibility for flexible adjustment of a timetable and timely response to the change of passenger travel demands, to avoid the waste of transportation resources and achieve sustainable development.

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Meng, Lingyun, Malik Muneeb Abid, Xinguo Jiang, Afaq Khattak und Muhammad Babar Khan. „Increasing Robustness by Reallocating the Margins in the Timetable“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (28.07.2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1382394.

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It is a common practice to improve the punctuality of a railway service by the addition of time margins during the planning process of a timetable. Due to the capacity constraints of the railway network, a limited amount of time margins can be inserted. The paper presents a model and heuristic technique to find the better position for the limited amount of time margins (headway buffers and running time supplements) in a train timetable. The aim of reallocating the time margins is to adjust an existing timetable to minimize the sum of train delays at the event of the operational disturbances. The model consists of two basic parts. Firstly, the paper treats the train timetable as a Directed Arc Graph (DAG) with the aggregation concept and proposes a heuristic technique known as Critical Time Margins Allocation (CTMA), which is based on the critical path method (CPM), to reallocate the time margins. Secondly, the paper evaluates the original and modified timetable under different disturbed situations. The case study is developed on a hypothetical small railway network and a practical timetable of single-line train timetable for the track segment of Rawalpindi to Lalamusa, Pakistan. The results show that the timetable modified with the CTMA reduces the total delay time by an average of 3.25% for the small railway network and 5.18% for the large dataset. It suggests that adding the time supplements to the proper positions in a timetable can reduce the delay propagation and increase the robustness of the timetable.

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Dongmei LIN, und Jun LIU. „Research on Train Timetable-based Railway Route Planning Problem“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 4, Nr. 14 (15.08.2012): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol4.issue14.9.

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Xu, Wen, Yuyan Tan, Bishal Sharma und Ziyulong Wang. „Cyclic Timetable Scheduling Problem on High-speed Railway Line“. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, Nr. 1 (15.04.2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.12312.

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Due to several obvious advantages both in transport marketing and train operation planning, the cyclic timetable has already applied in many high-speed railway (HSR) countries. In order to adopt the cyclic timetable in China's HSR system, a Mixed Integer Programmer (MIP) model is proposed in this paper involving many general constraints, such as running time, dwell time, headway, and connection constraints. In addition, the real-world overtaking rule that concerning a train with higher priority will not be overtaken by a slower one is incorporated into the cyclic timetable optimization model. An approach based on fixed departure is proposed to get a cyclic timetable with minimum total journey time within a reasonable time. From numerical investigations using data from Guangzhou-Zhuhai HSR line in China, the proposed model and associated approach are tested and shown to be effective.

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Schiewe, Philine, und Anita Schöbel. „Periodic Timetabling with Integrated Routing: Toward Applicable Approaches“. Transportation Science 54, Nr. 6 (November 2020): 1714–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0965.

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Periodic timetabling is an important, yet computationally challenging, problem in public transportation planning. The usual objective when designing a timetable is to minimize passenger travel time. However, in most approaches, it is ignored that the routes of the passengers depend on the timetable, so handling their routing separately leads to timetables that are suboptimal for the passengers. This has recently been recognized, but integrating the passenger routing in the optimization is computationally even harder than solving the classic periodic timetabling problem. In our paper, we develop an exact preprocessing method for reducing the problem size and a heuristic reduction approach in which only a subset of the passengers is considered. It provides upper and lower bounds on the objective value, such that it can be adjusted with respect to quality and computation time. Together, we receive an approach that is applicable for real-world problems. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the approach on a benchmark example and on three close-to-real-world instances. Furthermore, we prove that the ratio between the classic problem without routing and the problem with integrated routing is bounded under weak and realistic assumptions.

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Deris, Safaai, Sigeru Omatu, Hiroshi Ohta und Puteh Saad. „Incorporating constraint propagation in genetic algorithm for university timetable planning“. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 12, Nr. 3 (Juni 1999): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-1976(99)00007-x.

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Smoliner, Martin Smoliner, Stefan Walter und Stefan Marschnig. „Optimal Coordination of Timetable and Infrastructure Development in a Liberalised Railway Market“. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, Nr. 33 (27.07.2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/jmfs.2018.33.6.

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The gradual liberalisation of the European railway market has so far mainly been assessed regarding its effect on the grade of competition and market access. However, one major impact has not received much attention yet: the effects of the liberalisation on the joint development of timetables and infrastructure. This is especially crucial for countries that align their railway network according to the requirements of the Integrated Timetable (ITF). The implementation of the ITF requires a longterm planning process and network-wide cost-intensive infrastructure measures. Contrary to that, open access traffic can neither be planned in the long-term, nor is it coherent with the ITF. Recent conflicts show that the assignment of train paths for open access traffic considerably affects the system of the ITF, calling for significant timetable and/or infrastructure adaptions. For an efficient and sustainable railway system, a holistic approach is needed allowing for a combination of open access and the requirements of the ITF.To derive a suitable methodology the status quo of the ITF-implementation and open access traffic is analysed in Austria, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands. Based on these findings, three options are identified on how open access can be integrated in an ITF-system according to the EU legislation. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed and finally the optimal procedure in terms of a sustainable network development is recommended.

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Andrade, Xavier. „Tactical Audit Planning“. U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, Nr. 3 (30.04.2021): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.003_0011.

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Audit scheduling – determining the audit timetable of a firm by assigning auditors to tasks over a planning horizon – is a crucial yet complex planning activity. Audit information is vital to guarantee operational efficiency and ensure the conformity of firm practices with the legal panorama. Nevertheless, audit departments are expensive, hence frequently under-dimensioned. Depending on the size of a firm and how constrained resources are, even finding a feasible audit schedule can be challenging. This paper reviews and systematizes mathematical programming models for tactical audit scheduling. Research directions are devised, considering the gaps that the systematization allows to reveal. Findings suggest that modelling and solving problems from real organizations and accounting for travel times and auditor eligibility, for a given audit activity, are the most appropriate directions for researchers to channel their efforts.

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Michl, Zdeněk, Michal Drábek und Rudolf Vávra. „NETGRAPH – AN EFFICIENT TOOL FOR PERIODIC TIMETABLING AND CAPACITY PLANNING“. Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 11 (28.08.2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.11.0043.

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A netgraph is a graphical representation of a periodic timetable concept for given spatial or modal scope. It adds a third dimension to the network plan – time. Despite no strictly prescribed rules, a common practice notation has been settled over time. The authors propose an extension of a netgraph for planning of periodic railway capacity and operation, including related notation rules.

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Khorashadizadeh, M., G. Azizyan, S. A. Hashemi Monfared, A. Akbarpour und A. Shabani. „A timetable and spatial planning for pollutant entrance to the river“. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 17, Nr. 10 (03.04.2020): 4171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02722-z.

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Medeossi, Giorgio, Giovanni Longo und Stefano de Fabris. „A method for using stochastic blocking times to improve timetable planning“. Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 1, Nr. 1 (November 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2011.07.001.

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Cadarso, Luis, und Ángel Marín. „Integration of timetable planning and rolling stock in rapid transit networks“. Annals of Operations Research 199, Nr. 1 (21.09.2011): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-011-0978-0.

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Cadarso, Luis, und Ángel Marín. „Robust passenger oriented timetable and fleet assignment integration in airline planning“. Journal of Air Transport Management 26 (Januar 2013): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2012.10.004.

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Wüst, Raimond, Stephan Bütikofer, Severin Ess, Claudio Gomez, Albert Steiner, Marco Laumanns und Jacint Szabo. „Maintenance timetable planning based on mesoscopic infrastructure and the transport service intention“. Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 11 (Oktober 2019): 100146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2019.100146.

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Bulíček, Josef. „Timetable synchronisation: Urban public transport in busy hubs of long-distance transport“. MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823902001.

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The article is focused on timetable synchronization problem. Interconnection of urban public transport and long-distance transport in busy hubs is researched. Intension is to find adequate time positions of urban public transport arrivals and departures with an effort to minimize passengers’ time loss related to this interchange. Timetable of long distance transport is considered as constant (given). Timetable of urban public transport is result of optimization (and presupposed to be periodic). Nonlinear integer mathematical programming model is formulated. Model is implemented in Microsoft Excel Solver. Parallel way based on exhaustive-search algorithm is introduced as well. This algorithm provides extended set of output data able to be used in transport planning. Two different criterions are proposed. Each interchange (pair of vehicles) has the same weight in the case of uniform approach. Intensity approach considers interchanges as weighted by numbers of interchanging passengers. Some additional modifications of proposed model are mentioned for possibility to regard some important technological aspects and to reach more individualized solution. Model is illustrated by the case study located to Pardubice main station as a hub of passenger railway transport. Interface with urban public transport is mentioned as an illustrational example of synchronization.

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Piggott, Liam, und Magdalena Ionescu. „The Weekend Efficiency and Safety Timetable (WEST) project: Weekend handover going WEST?“ Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 23, Nr. 6 (07.05.2018): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043518773935.

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The project aims to develop a safer and more efficient method of general surgery firms handing over their patients to the on-call team, for the planning of weekend ward round reviews and checking blood results.

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Lu, Chao, Leishan Zhou, Jinjin Tang und Ran Chen. „Hierarchical framework for coordinate optimization of train timetable and electric motor train unit circulation plan“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, Nr. 7 (Juli 2017): 168781401770579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017705798.

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To meet the increasing demand for improving railway service quality while using the precious mobile resources reasonably and economically, this research proposes a hierarchical approach that integrates the model for constructing an efficient electric motor train unit circulation plan into the model for optimized timetable design without predefining timetable details. A simulated annealing algorithm for solving the timetabling (main) model is designed, in which the neighborhood system is pretreated. A special tree construction–based branch-and-bound algorithm is improved for solving the electric motor train unit circulation planning (sub)model. The results of the numerical experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, compared to the randomly generated initial solution, the optimal solution obtained by the proposed methods reduces the total travel time by 686 min and reduces the number of electric motor train units by 5. The number of electric motor train units needed by the proposed method is on average at least two less than the method that handles the problem in a sequential way. Railway operators can implement this approach for balancing the efficiency of timetable and the quality of electric motor train unit circulation plan within a reasonable computation time when scheduling trains in railways.

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Kosicki, Damian. „Planning of railway engineering works including rail traffic disruptions“. MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926207005.

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The performance of railway engineering works involves the need to temporarily stop the train traffic along tracks covered by works. Track closures can be the reason for cancellation of selected trains, prolonging the travel time and changing the timetable. The issue of planning railway works in so-called operational closures in a short, weekly time span with minimized rail traffic disruptions is analysed in this paper. An optimization model has been presented, solution of which for a section of a railway line with a length of several kilometers and traffic of several hundred trains can be obtained in no more than a dozen or so minutes. The case study for maintenance works on the railway line No. 353 in Poland, on the section Poznań Wschód - Pobiedziska is presented.

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Nesmachnow, Sergio, und Claudio Risso. „Exact and Evolutionary Algorithms for Synchronization of Public Transportation Timetables Considering Extended Transfer Zones“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 15 (02.08.2021): 7138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157138.

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This article addresses timetable synchronization in public transportation, an important problem in modern smart cities, in order to guarantee a proper quality of service to citizens. Two variants of the bus timetabling synchronization problem considering extended transfer zones are studied: optimizing offsets and optimizing offsets and headways for each line. An exact mixed integer programming and an evolutionary algorithm are developed to solve both problem variants. The algorithms are evaluated on 45 instances of a real case study, the intelligent transportation system of Montevideo, Uruguay. Experimental results reported significant improvements over the current timetable implemented by the city administration. The number of successful synchronizations improved up to 66.6% and 179.9% for the first and second problem variant, respectively. The average waiting times for transfers improved, especially in tight problem instances (up to 57.8% and 158.3% for the first and second problem variant, respectively). The proposed planning methods are useful to help decision makers to configure public transportation systems.

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Guleria, Sanjeev K., und Arvind K. Lal. „Interactive decision support system for planned student scheduling using same-time scheduling in timetable“. Modern Physics Letters B 33, Nr. 13 (10.05.2019): 1950161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919501616.

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Student scheduling takes place after the timetable is prepared. This is a very simple activity. This study is aimed at creating an interactive decision support system for planning related to student scheduling. This planning creates constraints at the pre-timetabling stage so that the complex part of student scheduling is easy at the post-timetabling stage. This study aims to address simultaneous study of backlog courses alongwith regular courses. Two methodologies are suggested to create these constraints which can be used to create different sets of courses scheduled at the same time. These methodologies employ assignment problem iteratively to arrive at courses to be scheduled at the same time. This research work has been tested with the real datasets of four semesters.

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Turner, Matthew, Yuan Liao und Yan Du. „Comprehensive Smart Grid Planning in a Regulated Utility Environment“. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 16, Nr. 3 (01.06.2015): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0099.

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Abstract This paper presents the tools and exercises used during the Kentucky Smart Grid Roadmap Initiative in a collaborative electric grid planning process involving state regulators, public utilities, academic institutions, and private interest groups. The mandate of the initiative was to assess the existing condition of smart grid deployments in Kentucky, to enhance understanding of smart grid concepts by stakeholders, and to develop a roadmap for the deployment of smart grid technologies by the jurisdictional utilities of Kentucky. Through involvement of many important stakeholder groups, the resultant Smart Grid Deployment Roadmap proposes an aggressive yet achievable strategy and timetable designed to promote enhanced availability, security, efficiency, reliability, affordability, sustainability and safety of the electricity supply throughout the state while maintaining Kentucky’s nationally competitive electricity rates. The models and methods developed for this exercise can be utilized as a systematic process for the planning of coordinated smart grid deployments.

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Siddique, Nazmul, und Hojjat Adeli. „Applications of Harmony Search Algorithms in Engineering“. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 24, Nr. 06 (Dezember 2015): 1530002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213015300021.

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In a recent article the authors reviewed the principles of harmony search and journal articles on harmony search algorithm (HSA). This article presents a review of applications of HSA including structural design, hydrologic model design, water distribution network design, water pump switching problem, transmission network expansion planning problem, job shop scheduling problem, university timetable and rosterering problem, training neural networks, clustering, combined heat and power economic dispatch problem, economic load dispatch problem, and economic and emission dispatch problem.

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Gnap, Jozef, Dominika Rovňaníková, Radmila Rakovanová und Elena B. Dvoryadkina. „The Problems of Planning a Timetable for Transport by Road in Terms of Theft Protection“. LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 8, Nr. 1 (01.05.2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logi-2017-0004.

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Abstract In each transport, it is necessary to take into account the risks that may occur during transport. Most of these risks are associated with criminal activity, whether on a shipment, the driver himself or the vehicles used in potentially hazardous segments. The aim is to design a planning and verification process on a selected route or routes within Europe. The proposed transport route starts with load in the Kechnec Industrial Park and continues with two unloadings in Teplička nad Váhom in the Kia Motors Slovakia and in the town of Wolfsburg in the Volkswagen The transport route was designed in three alternatives by internet application Map&Guide.

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Di Martinelly, C., P. Baptiste und M. Y. Maknoon. „An assessment of the integration of nurse timetable changes with operating room planning and scheduling“. International Journal of Production Research 52, Nr. 24 (16.05.2014): 7239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.916827.

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Zhou, Fan, You und Deng. „Demand-Oriented Train Timetabling Integrated with Passenger Train-Booking Decisions“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 18 (09.09.2019): 4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184932.

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In recent years, with the global energy shortage and severe environmental deterioration, railway transport has begun to attract great interest as a green transportation mode. One of the vital means to realize social sustainable development is to improve railway transportation systems, in which providing a demand-oriented train timetable with a higher service level is the most viable method. A demand-oriented train timetable problem generally deals with passengers’ train-choice decisions according to the queue principle, but it is not adapted to rail systems, such as China’s, where passengers usually book tickets a few days in advance by telephone or online instead of going to stations. This paper is devoted to modeling and solving the demand-oriented train timetabling problem integrated with passengers’ train-booking decisions. Firstly, a bi-level programming model is formulated for their integrated optimization on a rail network. Its upper-level model is to optimize train arrival and departure times at each visited station with the aim of reducing passengers’ total travel cost, while its lower-level model aims to determine passengers’ train-booking behavior using the user equilibrium theory. Then, a priority-based heuristic algorithm is designed to solve this model. It has two main steps at each iteration: one is to determine the number of passengers booking each train with a given train timetable, and the other is to improve the current train timetable based on the valuable information of passenger train-booking decisions. The performance, convergence, and practicability of the proposed method were analyzed based on the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity rail in China. Experimental results show the proposed method can effectively reduce the travel cost for passengers, creating a greater passenger demand for railway travel, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of railway systems and even society.

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Mortimer, I. „Regaining a high health status – light at the end of the tunnel“. BSAP Occasional Publication 31 (2004): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x0004026x.

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The purpose of this paper is to summarise the various means available for eliminating/eradicating disease and the economic consequences. Success rates for various diseases are discussed and summarised. A specific UK example is given to illustrate the planning and work that is required, as well as the cash flow over a twelve-month period. A typical timetable of events for eradicating/eliminating endemic diseases present in the UK and Ireland is discussed, as is the potential for regional/national eradication.

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Sarapinas, Martynas, und Vytautas Pranas Sūdžius. „Application of the Theory of Constraints in Project Based Structures“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 1, Nr. 3 (11.04.2011): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/156.

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The article deals with the application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) in project management. This article involves a short introduction to TOC as a project management method and deep analysis of project management specialties using the TOC: TOC based project planning, timetable management, tasks synchronization, project control and “relay runner work ethic”. Moreover, the article describes traditional and TOC based project management theories in their comparison, and emphasize the main benefits we received as the results of the study.

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Teng, Jing, und Xiong-fei Lai. „An integrated method for urban transit evaluation and optimization“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, Nr. 7 (Juli 2017): 168781401770814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017708144.

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Public transit services should be fast and reliable. Complex road conditions, however, make them slow and fluctuate. Therefore, to reflect the impact of road traffic conditions for buses running, we should take both fast and reliable into consideration. This article uses GPS data of buses, proposes an integrated method for urban transit evaluation and optimization, including a bus running index calculation method which based on bus planning travel time and focusing on bus main roads, as well a bus timetable optimization method which faces a bus corridor. In order to verify the effectiveness, this article selects a bus main road on Yan’an Road between Shimen Road No. 1 Stop to Kaixuan Road Stop in Shanghai, China, as a case. Through this case study, this article verifies that the proposed bus running index can objectively and sensitively evaluate bus running conditions. Meanwhile, the result of bus timetable optimization shows good efficiency. On top of that, by contrast with the traditional single-line-based transit evaluation and optimization method, the proposed integrated evaluation and optimization method has an advantage in the sample volume size and calculation effectiveness.

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Sørensen, Claus Hedegaard. „A typology of inter-organisational coordination in public transport: The case of timetable planning in Denmark“. Research in Transportation Economics 69 (September 2018): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2018.06.015.

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Goktug, Asli N., Sergio C. Chai und Taosheng Chen. „A Timetable Organizer for the Planning and Implementation of Screenings in Manual or Semi-Automation Mode“. Journal of Biomolecular Screening 18, Nr. 8 (07.05.2013): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113487556.

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We have designed an Excel spreadsheet to facilitate the planning and execution of screenings performed manually or in semi-automation mode, following a sequential set of events. Many assays involve multiple steps, often including time-sensitive stages, thus complicating the proper implementation to ensure that all plates are treated equally to achieve reliable outcomes. The spreadsheet macro presented in this study analyzes and breaks down the timings for all tasks, calculates the limitation in the number of plates that suit the desired parameters, and allows for optimization based on tolerance of time delay and equal treatment of plates when possible. The generated Gantt charts allow for visual inspection of the screening process and provide timings in a tabulated form to assist the user to conduct the experiments as projected by the software. The program can be downloaded from http://sourceforge.net/projects/sams-hts/ .

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Silva, Eduardo. „Capitalist Regime Loyalties and Redemocratization in Chile“. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 34, Nr. 4 (1992): 77–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165807.

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Chile is Often portrayed as an exceptional case among recent transitions from authoritarian rule for a number of reasons. It was the last of the "bureaucratic authoritarian" regimes to democratize; the transition followed the timetable and conditions set by the military more closely than in Argentina and Uruguay; the prognosis for economic and political stability seems optimistic relative to the rest of the region. An important reason for Chilean exceptionality was the fact that, unlike in other cases, Chile's business and landowning elites supported the military government to the end. Why did they do so?

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D’Emidio, Mattia, Imran Khan und Daniele Frigioni. „Journey Planning Algorithms for Massive Delay-Prone Transit Networks“. Algorithms 13, Nr. 1 (18.12.2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13010002.

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This paper studies the journey planning problem in the context of transit networks. Given the timetable of a schedule-based transportation system (consisting, e.g., of trains, buses, etc.), the problem seeks journeys optimizing some criteria. Specifically, it seeks to answer natural queries such as, for example, “find a journey starting from a source stop and arriving at a target stop as early as possible”. The fastest approach for answering to these queries, yielding the smallest average query time even on very large networks, is the Public Transit Labeling framework, proposed for the first time in Delling et al., SEA 2015. This method combines three main ingredients: (i) a graph-based representation of the schedule of the transit network; (ii) a labeling of such graph encoding its transitive closure (computed via a time-consuming pre-processing); (iii) an efficient query algorithm exploiting both (i) and (ii) to answer quickly to queries of interest at runtime. Unfortunately, while transit networks’ timetables are inherently dynamic (they are often subject to delays or disruptions), ptl is not natively designed to handle updates in the schedule—even after a single change, precomputed data may become outdated and queries can return incorrect results. This is a major limitation, especially when dealing with massively sized inputs (e.g., metropolitan or continental sized networks), as recomputing the labeling from scratch, after each change, yields unsustainable time overheads that are not compatible with interactive applications. In this work, we introduce a new framework that extends ptl to function in delay-prone transit networks. In particular, we provide a new set of algorithms able to update both the graph and the precomputed labeling whenever a delay affects the network, without performing any recomputation from scratch. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution through an extensive experimental evaluation conducted on real-world networks. Our experiments show that: (i) the update time required by the new algorithms is, on average, orders of magnitude smaller than that required by the recomputation from scratch via ptl; (ii) the updated graph and labeling induce both query time performance and space overhead that are equivalent to those that are obtained by the recomputation from scratch via ptl. This suggests that our new solution is an effective approach to handling the journey planning problem in delay-prone transit networks.

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Štembírek, Petr, Jaroslav Matuška und Martin Vojtek. „Construction Layout of Stations and its Impact to Train Delays“. Transport technic and technology 17, Nr. 1 (01.06.2021): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2021-0004.

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Abstract The paper focuses on construction layout of railway stations, mainly platforms for boarding passenger trains. Platform layout has significant impact to the operation of trains, because passengers cross some tracks horizontally, when the train boarding is necessary. Horizontal track crossings cause possible dangerous situations from passengers’ point of view as well as operational problems from dispatcher point of view, because other trains have to slow or stop their ride. It may cause delays and it negatively influences timetable planning too. The problem is deeply analysed and described in a case study of Opatov railway station.

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Dalkılıç, Feriştah, Yunus Doğan, Derya Birant, Recep Alp Kut und Reyat Yılmaz. „A Gradual Approach for Multimodel Journey Planning: A Case Study in Izmir, Turkey“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5656323.

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Planning a journey by integrating route and timetable information from diverse sources of transportation agencies such as bus, ferry, and train can be complicated. A user-friendly, informative journey planning system may simplify a plan by providing assistance in making better use of public transportation. In this study, we presented the service-oriented, multimodel Intelligent Journey Planning System, which we developed to assist travelers in journey planning. We selected Izmir, Turkey, as the pilot city for this system. The multicriteria problem is one of the well-known problems in transportation networks. Our study proposes a gradual path-finding algorithm to solve this problem by considering transfer count and travel time. The algorithm utilizes the techniques of efficient algorithms including round based public transit optimized router, transit node routing, and contraction hierarchies on transportation graph. We employed Dijkstra’s algorithm after the first stage of the path-finding algorithm by applying stage specific rules to reduce search space and runtime. The experimental results show that our path-finding algorithm takes 0.63 seconds of processing time on average, which is acceptable for the user experience.

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Blackstock, Kirsty L., und Caspian Richards. „Evaluating stakeholder involvement in river basin planning: a Scottish case study“. Water Policy 9, Nr. 5 (01.10.2007): 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.018.

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River basin management demonstrates the increasing importance of active stakeholder involvement within environmental governance, whereby planning and implementation relies on outcomes from collective reasoned discussion. However, claims that stakeholder involvement improves environmental governance are rarely subject to critical examination. This lack of evaluation is problematic for several reasons including: lack of reflection on the purpose of involvement processes or their limitations; a poor conceptualisation of who should be defined as a stakeholder; how different knowledge claims should be treated; and how power relationships affect the process dynamics. This paper engages with the theoretical claims for active involvement and uses a Scottish case study to illustrate to what extent these claims were met during a river basin planning process. The evaluation highlights lessons for policy makers designing river basin management plans, particularly in the context of the pressing timetable for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. These lessons include how to maximise these benefits whilst proactively managing conflicts that occur, particularly when trying to sustain a coalition of individuals representing broader organisations and constituencies in a time-consuming and challenging process.

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Shang, Pan, Ruimin Li und Liya Yang. „Demand-driven timetable and stop pattern cooperative optimization on an urban rail transit line“. Transportation Planning and Technology 43, Nr. 1 (09.12.2019): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2020.1701757.

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Jonaitis, Jonas. „PLANNING OF THE AMOUNT OF TRAINS NEEDED FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL“. TRANSPORT 22, Nr. 2 (30.06.2007): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638104.

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The article analyses the importance of planning process of rail transportation. Railway planning problems are presented in this paper. Planning the railways for years, months, weeks or days ahead leads to substantially different problems; in this regard railway planning problems can be strategic, tactical, operational and short‐term. Another way to classify railway planning problems is based on their target: they concern the timetable, the rolling stock and the crew. Planning the structure and volume of the rolling stock is a key factor in achieving maximum efficiency of transportation by rail as well as forecasting the demand for these transport facilities. The demand for trains is a time‐dependant variable which in each case should be determined by two main approaches. The first method allows us to determine quantitative parameters of rolling stock (i.e. kilometers logged, efficiency, turnover, etc.). The second is based on specially developed mathematical models relying on qualitative characteristics such as relative expenses, efficiency of the particular train, relative expenditure of resources, cost of the trains, etc. Planning the volume of the rolling stock the determination of optimal service life of the trains plays an important role. The calculations involve repair costs, number of overhauls, current expenses and operational characteristics.

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Martin, David, Hannah Jordan und Paul Roderick. „Taking the Bus: Incorporating Public Transport Timetable Data into Health Care Accessibility Modelling“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2008): 2510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4024.

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This paper is concerned with geographical access to hospital services by public transport. By taking advantage of newly available public transport timetable data, a software tool is developed for the analysis of bus travel times under specified journey scenarios. The example of population access to Derriford Hospital in Devon, England, is used to illustrate the application of these methods, and the social and spatial pattern of accessibility by bus is explored. The analysis reveals substantial differences between access by public and private transport, and highlights the difficulty of combining conventional drive-time analysis with the discontinuous accessibility provided by public transport. There is a need for more attention to be paid to the incorporation of public transport in accessibility modelling.

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Chen, Xi, Yinhai Wang und Xiaolei Ma. „Integrated Optimization for Commuting Customized Bus Stop Planning, Routing Design, and Timetable Development With Passenger Spatial-Temporal Accessibility“. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 22, Nr. 4 (April 2021): 2060–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3048520.

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Drábek, Michal, und Vít Janoš. „Construction of Differentiated Periodic Freight Train Paths in Dense Mixed Traffic“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (26.07.2021): 8330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158330.

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Freight rail transport plays key role in the transition to sustainable development. However, on European mainlines, freight trains have to cope with busy passenger operation—mostly in the form of (integrated) periodic timetables. Freight trains are characterized with very diverse parameters, so scheduling pre-arranged periodic freight train paths (PFTPs) on the basis of one sample freight train does not meet the needs of most freight operators. This article introduces new detailed framework process for hierarchized construction of differentiated (segmented) pre-arranged PFTPs. The process considers fluctuations in demand for capacity from freight rail operators, so the quality of a freight train path in terms of number of stops is related with its construction priority. This way, the process enhances competitiveness and decreases energy consumption of freight railway, as a factor for sustainable development. Correctness of the framework process is tested on the example of the Prague—Dresden mainline, in the context of prospective (denser) model passenger timetable. Results show that above 70% of real freight trains from the available historical data can fit into the proposed PFTPs. As a conclusion, the authors recommend reduction of service of the least frequent stops of regional trains to reduce number of scheduled stops for freight trains.

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Cassidy, Nina, Bob Ash, Diana Coombs und Pam Bubb. „‘So Then We Will Be Outsiders’: One Resettlement Team's Experience of Assessing and Preparing People with Mental Handicap for Life in the Community“. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 49, Nr. 4 (April 1986): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802268604900403.

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At present there is much interest in the plans for mentally handicapped people to live in the community. This article describes the role of one resettlement team and the task given to two of its members (principal psychologist and head occupational therapist) to set up an assessment programme. It describes the planning and implementation of the programme, gives a summary of the areas covered by the assessment and a sample timetable, and provides examples of the recommendations made and the progress of 91 residents following assessment. It is hoped that the article will make others feel less daunted when faced with the task of assessing and preparing large numbers of hospital residents for life in the community.

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D’Acierno, Luca, Marilisa Botte, Mariano Gallo und Bruno Montella. „Defining Reserve Times for Metro Systems: An Analytical Approach“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5983250.

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The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical approach for determining operational parameters for metro systems so as to support the planning and implementation of energy-saving strategies. Indeed, one of the main targets of train operating companies is to identify and implement suitable strategies for reducing energy consumption. For this purpose, researchers and practitioners have developed energy-efficient driving profiles with the aim of optimising train motion. However, as such profiles generally entail an increase in travel times, the operating parameters in the planned timetable need to be appropriately recalibrated. Against this background, this paper develops a suitable methodology for estimating reserve times which represent the main rate of extra time needed to put ecodriving strategies in place. Our proposal is to exploit layover times (i.e., times spent by a train at the terminus waiting for the next trip) for energy-saving purposes, keeping buffer times intact in order to preserve the flexibility and robustness of the timetable in case of delays. In order to show its feasibility, the approach was applied in the case of a real metro context, whose service frequency was duly taken into account. In particular, after stochastic analysis of the parameters involved for calibrating suitable buffer times, different operating schemes were simulated by analysing the relationship between layover times, number of convoys, and feasible headway values. Finally, some operation configurations are analysed in order to quantify the amount of energy that can be saved.

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Ľupták, Vladimír, Paweł Droździel, Ondrej Stopka, Mária Stopková und Iwona Rybicka. „Approach Methodology for Comprehensive Assessing the Public Passenger Transport Timetable Performances at a Regional Scale“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 13 (27.06.2019): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133532.

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The paper is focused on the issue of assessing the quality of transport connectivity on a predesignated transport network in regular public passenger transport at a regional scale. Comprehensively, using the defined key qualitative indicators, it assesses the performance of passenger transport timetables, in both ways of ex ante, as well as ex post. Existing methodologies in a given issue have only dealt with a partial assessment of the transport connectivity quality on specific transport network. However, unlike them, the objective of this manuscript was to propose a new unified methodology to assess the passenger transport timetables in terms of transport connectivity, and subsequently to complexly evaluate the whole predesignated regional transport network from a qualitative point of view. In this paper, the proposed methodology is demonstrated on a particular regional transport network, specifically an existing railway network in the Slovak Republic, whereby the data related to regional passenger transport timetables for a certain day is an input factor. The purpose of this study was to design and verify a draft methodological procedure to assess the quality of transport connectivity on a certain transport network, thus moving towards more effective evaluation of integrated transport systems. Its practical applicability consists in comparison of existing and proposed timetables, which is considered one of the crucial factors in terms of public passenger transport quality.

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