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Thematische Bibliographien / Time division duplex TDD / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Time division duplex TDD“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. Februar 2022

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1

Al-awadi, Aws Majeed, und Mohammed Jawad Al-dujaili. „Simulation of LTE-TDD in the HAPS channel“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, Nr. 3 (01.06.2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp3152-3157.

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LTE stands for Long Term Evolution. This technology enhances the data rate and capacity using a new radio interface and an optimized core network. This progress was done to satisfy standards defined for the fourth generation of cellular communications in ITU. LTE has two types of transmission: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). Nowadays, LTE-TDD rapidly Grows and takes place of old fixed cellular communications, like WiMAX. Another upcoming technology in the communication industry is High Amplitude Platform Stations (HAPS). Studying the capability of HAPS as a base station for LTE-TDD is the main purpose of this paper. Simulations have done using HAPS channel and compared to Stanford University Interim (SUI) standard channels for different scenarios. Results were compared to achieve a conclusion on HAPS implementation for LTE-TDD based on BER and data throughput.

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K.Venkatesh, G., und P. V.Rao. „Performance analysis of a novel method for fast handovers in TDD and FDD for long term evolution“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 1.9 (01.03.2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9745.

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The LTE Long Term Evolution highly developed Technology, Handover is the essential function of the mobility of user in cellular networks in Time Division Duplex as well as Frequency Division Duplex. Handover is one of the essential that can affect the [QoS] Quality of Service with Capacity of Mobile Broadband Networks. Within mobile cellular network communication systems, a (spectrum) limited shared resource needs to be shared with all the users, so full duplex communication is achieved. This paper involves studying diverse Hand over delay parameters and also focus on reducing “Hard Handover delay” by minimizing interruption time, activation time, wireless channel accesses time as well as the wireless link transmission delay. Technique is developed in order to reduce the handover delay time in Time Division Duplex network which too reduces the wireless channel access time and the wireless link transmission delay. A novel handover algorithm is developed which would decreases the handover delay time and access time inside mobile network environment.Additional work may be conceded on to obtain enhanced performance and Quality of service in Time Division Duplex mobile network.

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Sulaeman, Enceng, Yaya Sulaeman und Asep Yudi Hercuadi. „Desain dan Implementasi Duplekser dengan Metoda Pseudo-Interdigital untuk Uplink dan Downlink LTE“. Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 13, Nr. 2 (29.06.2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v13.73-80.

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Duplekser merupakan perangkat yang dapat mengisolasi receiver dari transmitter saat keduanya saling berbagi antena yang sama, digunakan agar komunikasi bisa berjalan secara full duplex. Ada dua metode transmisi duplex yaitu frequency division duplex (FDD) dan time division duplex (TDD). FDD merupakan teknik duplex yang menggunakan dua frekuensi yang berbeda untuk melakukan komunikasi dalam dua arah, sedangkan TDD menggunakan frekuensi tunggal dan frekuensi tersebut digunakan oleh semua kanal untuk melakukan pengiriman dan penerimaan data. Gabungan dua bandpass filter dengan metoda pseudo-interdigital untuk aplikasi LTE (long term evolution). Metode ini lebih unggul dibandingkan duplekser dengan metoda hybrid. Duplekser bekerja pada FDD LTE band ke-7 yaitu frekuensi uplink 2500-2570 MHz dan downlink 2620-2690 MHz. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh sebagai berikut: nilai frekuensi center pada uplink 2639 MHz dan pada downlink 2659 MHz, insertion loss pada uplink 1,561 dB dan downlink 1,74 dB, bandwidth ±70 MHz, isolasi 23,03 dB, serta nilai return loss 23,5 dB pada uplink dan downlink 23,45 dB.

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Peng, Xidan, und Xiangyang Li. „Performance Analysis for Analog Network Coding with Imperfect CSI in FDD Two Way Channels“. Journal of Systems Science and Information 3, Nr. 4 (25.08.2015): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jssi-2015-0357.

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AbstractA time-division duplex (TDD) two-way channel exploits reciprocity to estimate the forward channel gain from the reverse link. Many previous works explore outage probabilities in the TDD system, based on the reciprocity property. However, a frequency-division duplex (FDD) system has no reciprocity property. In this letter, we investigate the impact of CSI estimation error on the performance of non-orthogonal and orthogonal analog network coding protocols in an FDD two-way system, where channel gains are independent of each other. Considering imperfect CSI, the closed-form expressions of outage probabilities by two protocols are derived in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, respectively. It is shown that the derived outage probabilities match results of Monte Carlo simulations in different communication scenarios. It is interesting that ANC in the FDD two-way channel is proved to outperform that in the TDD channel by the computer simulation.

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Kalidoss, R., M. A. Bhagyaveni und K. S. Vishvaksenan. „A Location-Based Duplex Scheme for Cost Effective Rural Broadband Connectivity Using IEEE 802.22 Cognitive Radio Based Wireless Regional Area Networks“. Fluctuation and Noise Letters 13, Nr. 04 (20.10.2014): 1450028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947751450028x.

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The search for a method of utilizing the scarce spectrum in an efficient manner is an active area of research in both academic and industrial communities. IEEE 802.22 is a standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN) based on cognitive radio (CR) that operates over underutilized portions of TV bands (54–862 MHz). Time division duplex (TDD)-based WRAN cells have such advantages as dynamic traffic allocation, traffic asymmetry to users and ease of spectrum allocation. However, these cells suffer from severe cross time slot (CTS) interference when the frames of the cells are not synchronized with adjacent WRAN cells. In this paper, we evaluate the location-based duplex (LBD) scheme for eliminating the CTS interference. The proposed LBD system is much more flexible and efficient in providing asymmetric data service and eliminating CTS interference by exploiting the advantages of both TDD and frequency division duplex (FDD) schemes. We also compare the performance of LBD systems with virtual cell concepts. Furthermore, our simulation results reveal that LBD-based systems outperform the virtual cell approach in terms of the low signal-to-interference (SIR) ratio requirement by mitigating the effects of CTS.

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Xue, Linshan, Xue Li, Weiren Wu und Yikang Yang. „Design of Tracking, Telemetry, Command (TT&C) and Data Transmission Integrated Signal in TDD Mode“. Remote Sensing 12, Nr. 20 (13.10.2020): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203340.

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For satellite or aircraft networks, tracking, telemetry, and control (TT&C) and data transmission between different nodes are necessary. Traditional measurement mostly adopts the frequency division duplex (FDD) mode and uses a continuous measurement system to achieve high-precision measurement. However, as the number of network nodes increases, the mode suffers from complex frequency domain allocation, and high-cost measurement and data transmission equipment is required. This paper proposes the integrated signal in time division duplex (TDD) mode to improve frequency utilization to address these circumstances. The proposed signal can transmit the TT&C and data at the same frequency. In addition, the high-precision time-frequency synchronization and relative measurement technology in the TDD mode for distributed spacecraft or aircraft networks are studied. The simulation results show that the signal can work normally when the Doppler extrapolation error is less than a quarter of the integration frequency. The distance extrapolation error should be less than a quarter of the length of a chip. The integrated signal reduces the frequency band occupation and realizes the integration of TT&C and data transmission. In addition, the measurement performance is reduced by only 2~3 dB compared with that of the traditional pure TT&C signal.

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Shim, Yongwoon, und Dong-Hee Shin. „Analyzing the development of 4th generation mobile network in China: actor network theory perspective“. info 17, Nr. 1 (12.01.2015): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-09-2014-0041.

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Purpose – This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the process of standards setting based on the case of long-term evolution time division duplex (LTE TDD) deployment in China. Design/methodology/approach – Using actor-network theory (ANT) as a theoretical framework, multi-level analyses are presented to explain the process of adoption of LTE TDD at a global level. Findings – Findings identified the complex interaction between the social and technical aspects of fourth-generation (4G) by highlighting the co-evolving nature, diversity and interface that constitute the next-generation network environment. Research limitations/implications – ANT provides a framework of ideas for describing the process of technology adoption and for developing stories that explain it. Originality/value – The findings shed light on a critical insight of the interrelationships between TD-SCDMA and LTE TDD and identify the policy successes and failures of 4G mobile networks.

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Hakim, N. F. A., T. Hariyadi, A. B. Pantjawati und B. Mulyanti. „Analysis high gain waveguide slot antenna 2.3 GHz for Long Term Evolution-Time Division Duplex (LTE-TDD)“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 850 (23.05.2020): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/850/1/012054.

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9

Winarti, Titin. „SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER DENGAN UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM ( UMTS )“. Jurnal Transformatika 4, Nr. 2 (30.01.2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/transformatika.v4i2.19.

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<span>Sistem celuler GSM memiliki beberapa kekurangan, yaitu tidak mampu untuk mengintegrasikan layanan video call dan video streaming karena kecepatan data masih rendah. Dengan alasan itu, maka ETSI menentukan migrasi dari GSM ke sistem generasi seluler ketiga yang disebut dengan UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System). Adapun spektrum frekuensi UMTS terestrial bekerja pada 1920-1980 MHz, 2110-2170 MHz untuk dipasangkan dari band dan 1900-1920 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz untuk tidak berpasangan dari band Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, teknologi telekomunikasi sistem seluler terus berkembang dan menggarap sekarang telah mencapai generasi ketiga yang dikenal dengan nama dari International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). Adapun kerangka kerja untuk pengembangan teknologi seluler generasi ketiga (3G) di Eropa adalah Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS). UMTS menggunakan disebut oleh TD-CDMA multiple access adalah UTRA TDD (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access dari Time Division Duplex) dan W-CDMA untuk UTRA FDD DARI (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access dari Duplex Frekuensi Division Kata kunci : UMTS, multiple access, Sistem Seluler</span>

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Jiang, Zheng, Bin Han, Peng Chen, Fengyi Yang und Qi Bi. „Design of Joint Spatial and Power Domain Multiplexing Scheme for Massive MIMO Systems“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/368463.

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Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the key techniques in 5th generation wireless systems (5G) due to its potential ability to improve spectral efficiency. Most of the existing works on massive MIMO only consider Time Division Duplex (TDD) operation that relies on channel reciprocity between uplink and downlink channels. For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, with continued efforts, some downlink multiuser MIMO scheme was recently proposed in order to enable “massive MIMO” gains and simplified system operations with limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains in FDD system. However these schemes, such as Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) scheme and hybrid precoding scheme, only focus on multiuser transmission in spatial domain. Different from most of the existing works, this paper proposes Joint Spatial and Power Multiplexing (JSPM) scheme in FDD systems. It extends existing FDD schemes from spatial division and multiplexing to joint spatial and power domain to achieve more multiplexing gain. The user grouping and scheduling scheme of JSPM is studied and the asymptotic expression for the sum capacity is derived as well. Finally, simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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HOSSAIN, EKRAM, und VIJAY K. BHARGAVA. „LINK-STATE AWARE DYNAMIC TRAFFIC SCHEDULING FOR PROVIDING PREDICTIVE QoS IN WIRELESS MOBILE MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS“. Journal of Interconnection Networks 01, Nr. 03 (September 2000): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265900000147.

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The performance of a centralized traffic priority based dynamic burst-level cell scheduling scheme is investigated in a correlated fading channel. The scheduling scheme is designed for the transmission of multiservice traffic over TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)/TDD (Time Division Duplex) channels in a WATM (Wireless ATM) network. In this scheme, the number of slots allocated to a VC (Virtual Circuit) during a frame-time is changed dynamically depending on the traffic type, system traffic load, TOE (Time of Expiry) value of the data burst and data burst length. While allocating bandwidth, the channel error status is also taken into consideration. SR-ARQ (Selective Repeat - Automatic Repeat Request)-based link-level error control is assumed for all the traffic types in a multiservice traffic environment. The performance of the proposed scheme under correlated Rayleigh fading is evaluated using computer simulation for realistic voice, video and data traffic models and the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements of different traffic classes in a wireless mobile network. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling framework can provide reasonably high channel utilization with predictive QoS guarantee in a multiservice traffic environment. The channel utilization and the perceived QoS for different services is highly affected by the traffic burstiness of the corresponding traffic type. Such a scheme can result in an energy efficient TDMA/TDD medium access control protocol for broadband wireless access.

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Franci, Daniele, Stefano Coltellacci, Enrico Grillo, Settimio Pavoncello, Tommaso Aureli, Rossana Cintoli und Marco Donald Migliore. „An Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Duplexing and Beamforming Techniques in Field Measurements of 5G Signals“. Electronics 9, Nr. 2 (29.01.2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020223.

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The fifth generation mobile network introduces dramatic improvements with respect to the previous technologies. Features such as variable numerology, bandwidth parts, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) will extend the capabilities of the 5G wireless systems and, at the same time, will influence the measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with general public electromagnetic field exposure limits. In this study, a heterogeneous set of 5G signals is investigated with the aim of establishing an effective measurement technique suitable for the new technology. Following an experimental approach based on both modulation and zero span analysis, some important characteristics of the 5G system are highlighted and extensively discussed, and experimental procedures for estimating factors associated to TDD (F T D C factor) and beam sweeping (R factor), to be used in the extrapolation formulas, are presented. The results of this study represent a starting point for future investigations on effective methods to estimate both the instant maximum power and the total power transmitted during a 5G radio frame.

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Kusuma, Fadli, und Hasanah Putri. „Increasing LTE-Advanced Network Capacity Using The Inter-band Carrier Aggregation (Downlink Side) Method“. JURNAL INFOTEL 12, Nr. 2 (29.05.2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v12i2.474.

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According to the identification of the Operating Support System (OSS) by the Smartfren cellular operator in the Central Bandung area, six sites are found to have high traffic capacity with the physical resource block (PRb) percentage of 82.6 %. The use of PRb > 80 % is included in the warning indicator 2 based on the operator’s standards. It is also strengthened by the condition of the existing sites with the average Reference Signal Receive Power (RSRP) of -103.3 dBm, Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) of 6.28 dB, and throughput of 27.78 Mbps, thus resulting in non-optimal network performance in the area. Therefore, in this study, the inter-band Carrier Aggregation (CA) was applied by combining the 40 Time Division Duplex (TDD) band (2300 MHz) and band 5 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) (850 MHz). One of the advantages of applying this method is that it can increase the user network capacity by maximizing the resources owned by the operator. The predetermined scenario taking into account the initial network condition indicated a decrease in the PRb percentage by 44.50 % and an increase in the average RSRP value by 12.8 dBm, SINR by 5.14 dB, and throughput by 34.59 Mbps.

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Zhang, Weipeng. „Design of Radio Frequency Link in Automatic Test System for Multimode Mobile Communication Base Station“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 25, Nr. 14 (30.12.2015): 1540032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127415400325.

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A modularized design for the radio frequency (RF) link in automatic test system of multimode mobile communication base station is presented, considering also the characteristics of wireless communication indices and composition of signals of base stations. The test link is divided into general module, time division duplex (TDD) module, module of spurious noise filter, module of downlink intermodulation, module of uplink intermodulation and uplink block module. The composition of modules and link functions are defined, and the interfaces of the general module and the module of spurious noise filter are described. Finally, the estimated gain budget of the test link is presented. It is verified by experiments that the system is reliable and the test efficiency is improved.

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Yaqoob, Y. J. I. A., W. L. Pang, S. K. Wong und K. Y. Chan. „Performance evaluation of video streaming on LTE with coexistence of Wi-Fi signal“. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, Nr. 3 (01.09.2019): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1580.

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The continuous growth in mobile data traffic and limited license wireless spectrum have led to dramatically increase the demand of the radio spectrum. It is widespread the concern about the coexistence of long term evolution (LTE) and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band. There are several techniques have been proposed to enable the coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band, but these works are targeted on the impact of the LTE to the Wi-Fi network performance. An experiment is carried out in this work to evaluate the impact of Wi-Fi signal on the video streaming in the LTE network. The experimental test comprised of the national instrument (NI) universal software radio peripheral (USRP) 2953R that is controlled by the LabVIEW Communication LTE application framework. Extensiveexperiments are carried out under two scenarios, i.e. (1) Coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi signal, (2) LTE signal only. Performance evaluations are carried out with different Modulation and coding schemes (MCS) values and different mode of operations, i.e. frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) mode. The results illustrated that the interference from Wi-Fi signal caused the performance degradation of the LTE network in throughput and the power received by user equipment (UE).

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Zhong, Shida, Haogang Feng, Peichang Zhang, Jiajun Xu, Huancong Luo, Jihong Zhang, Tao Yuan und Lei Huang. „Deep Learning Based Antenna Selection for MIMO SDR System“. Sensors 20, Nr. 23 (07.12.2020): 6987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236987.

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In this paper, we propose and implement a novel framework of deep learning based antenna selection (DLBAS)-aided multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) software defined radio (SDR) system. The system is constructed with the following three steps: (1) a MIMO SDR communication platform is first constructed, which is capable of achieving uplink communication from users to the base station via time division duplex (TDD); (2) we use the deep neural network (DNN) from our previous work to construct a deep learning decision server to assist the MIMO SDR platform for making intelligent decision for antenna selection, which transforms the optimization-driven decision making method into a data-driven decision making method; and (3) we set up the deep learning decision server as a multithreading server to improve the resource utilization ratio. To evaluate the performance of the DLBAS-aided MIMO SDR system, a norm-based antenna selection (NBAS) scheme is selected for comparison. The results show that the proposed DLBAS scheme performed equally to the NBAS scheme in real-time and out-performed the MIMO system without AS with up to 53% improvement on average channel capacity gain.

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Kim, Kyunghoon, Hyunwook Yang, Jaehyun Jang, Tiefeng Sun, Seungwon Choi und Jaeho Jung. „Online Calibration for LTE-Based Antenna Array System“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2645870.

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This paper presents a novel calibration method that equalizes the impulse responses of all the Radio Frequency (RF) modules of an antenna array system operating in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) evolved NodeB (eNB). The proposed technique utilizes the Zadoff-Chu (Z-C) sequence of the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) that are available in every LTE data frame for downlink and uplink, respectively, for estimating and compensating the differences in the impulse responses among the RF modules. The proposed calibration method is suitable for wide bandwidth signal environments of LTE because it equalizes the impulse response of each RF module, which is ultimately equivalent to compensate the phase and amplitude differences among RF modules for the entire frequency band. In addition, the proposed method is applicable while the target eNB is transmitting or receiving a data stream. From various experimental tests obtained from a test-bed implemented with 2 RF modules, it has been verified that the proposed method provides a reliable calibration for Release 10 Time Division Duplex (TDD) LTE signals. Phase errors after the calibration in our test-bed have been found to be about 2.418° and 2.983° for downlink and uplink, respectively.

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Zahoor, Muhammad Irshad, Zheng Dou, Syed Bilal Hussain Shah, Imran Ullah Khan, Sikander Ayub und Thippa Reddy Gadekallu. „Pilot Decontamination Using Asynchronous Fractional Pilot Scheduling in Massive MIMO Systems“. Sensors 20, Nr. 21 (30.10.2020): 6213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216213.

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Due to large spectral efficiency and low power consumption, the Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) became a promising technology for the 5G system. However, pilot contamination (PC) limits the performance of massive MIMO systems. Therefore, two pilot scheduling schemes (i.e., Fractional Pilot Reuse (FPR) and asynchronous fractional pilot scheduling scheme (AFPS)) are proposed, which significantly mitigated the PC in the uplink time division duplex (TDD) massive MIMO system. In the FPR scheme, all the users are distributed into the central cell and edge cell users depending upon their signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Further, the capacity of central and edge users is derived in terms of sum-rate, and the ideal number of the pilot is calculated which significantly maximized the sum rate. In the proposed AFPS scheme, the users are grouped into central users and edge users depending upon the interference they receive. The central users are assigned the same set of pilots because these users are less affected by interference, while the edge users are assigned the orthogonal pilots because these users are severely affected by interference. Consequently, the pilot overhead is reduced and inter-cell interference (ICI) is minimized. Further, results verify that the proposed schemes outperform the previous proposed traditional schemes, in terms of improved sum rates.

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Xiong, Canyun, Shiyong Chen, Liang Li und Yucheng Wu. „Pilot Assignment Based on Graph Coloring and Location Information in Multicell Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (15.07.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9913149.

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A massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system uses a large number of antennas in the base station (BS) to serve multiple users, which significantly improves the capacity of the system. However, in time division duplex (TDD) mode, the pilot contamination (PC) is inevitable due to the multiplexing of pilots. This paper proposed a pilot assignment based on graph coloring and location information (GC-LI) to improve the performance of users. Specifically, based on graph coloring, the proposed GC-LI algorithm combines location information like the angle of arrival (AoA), distance, and correlation to construct an interference graph. Then, we calculate the interference between any two users and use the postprocessing discrete Fourier transform (DFT) filtering process to effectively distinguish the users with nonoverlapping AoAs. Finally, according to the interference graph, the GC-LI algorithm is proposed to mitigate the intercell interference (ICI) between users with the same pilot by assigning different pilots to connected users with high ICI metrics based on some regulation. Simulation results show that the GC-LI algorithm is suitable for various types of cells. In addition, compared with the existing pilot assignment algorithms based on graph coloring, users’ average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and uplink achievable sum rate (ASR) are significantly improved.

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Youn, Janghyuk, Woong Son und Bang Chul Jung. „Physical-Layer Security Improvement with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Communication Systems“. Sensors 21, Nr. 4 (19.02.2021): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041439.

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Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received much interest from both academia and industry due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness in adjusting the phase and amplitude of wireless signals with low-cost passive reflecting elements. In particular, many RIS-aided techniques have been proposed to improve both data rate and energy efficiency for 6G wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel RIS-based channel randomization (RCR) technique for improving physical-layer security (PLS) for a time-division duplex (TDD) downlink cellular wire-tap network which consists of a single base station (BS) with multiple antennas, multiple legitimate pieces of user equipment (UE), multiple eavesdroppers (EVEs), and multiple RISs. We assume that only a line-of-sight (LOS) channel exists among the BS, the RISs, and the UE due to propagation characteristics of tera-hertz (THz) spectrum bands that may be used in 6G wireless communication systems. In the proposed technique, each RIS first pseudo-randomly generates multiple reflection matrices and utilizes them for both pilot signal duration (PSD) in uplink and data transmission duration (DTD) in downlink. Then, the BS estimates wireless channels of UE with reflection matrices of all RISs and selects the UE that has the best secrecy rate for each reflection matrix generated. It is shown herein that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional techniques in terms of achievable secrecy rates.

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Ji, Hyoungju, Younsun Kim, Khurram Muhammad, Chance Tarver, Matthew Tonnemacher, Taehyoung Kim, Jinyoung Oh, Bin Yu, Gary Xu und Juho Lee. „Extending 5G TDD Coverage With XDD: Cross Division Duplex“. IEEE Access 9 (2021): 51380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068977.

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Esmailzadeh, R., M. Nakagawa und E. A. Sourour. „Time-division duplex CDMA communications“. IEEE Personal Communications 4, Nr. 2 (April 1997): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/98.590675.

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Razlighi, Mohsen Mohammadkhani, Nikola Zlatanov und Petar Popovski. „Dynamic Time-Frequency Division Duplex“. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, Nr. 5 (Mai 2020): 3118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2970701.

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Iancu, Daniel, John Glossner, Gary Nacer, Stuart Stanley, Vitaly Kolashnikov und Joe Hoane. „Software defined radio platform with wideband tunable front end“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 4, Nr. 1 (11.01.2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i1.4160.

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The paper presents a Software Defined Radio (SDR) development platform with wideband tunable RF (Radio Frequency) front end. The platform is based on the SB3500 Multicore Multithreaded Vector Processor and it is intended to be used for a wide variety of communication protocols as: Time Division Duplexing/Frequency Division Duplexing Long Term Evolution (TDD/FDD LTE), Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Legacy Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). As an example, we describe briefly the implementation of the LTE TDD/FDD communication protocol. As far as we know, this is the only LTE category 1 communication protocol entirely developed and executed in software (SW), without any hardware (HW) accelerators.

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25

Povey, G. J. R. „Capacity of a cellular time division duplex CDMA system“. IEE Proceedings - Communications 141, Nr. 5 (1994): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:19941465.

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26

Wen, Dingzhu, und Guanding Yu. „Time-Division Cellular Networks With Full-Duplex Base Stations“. IEEE Communications Letters 20, Nr. 2 (Februar 2016): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2512865.

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27

Lim, Hyung-Sun, Wan-Kyu Kim, Jong-Won Yu, Hyung-Chul Park, Woo-Jin Byun und Myung-Sun song. „Compact Six-Port Transceiver for Time-Division Duplex Systems“. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17, Nr. 5 (Mai 2007): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2007.895731.

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28

Benjamin, R., I. Kaya und A. Nix. „Smart base stations for "dumb" time-division duplex terminals“. IEEE Communications Magazine 37, Nr. 2 (1999): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.747261.

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29

Lei, Ming, Xingjun Zhang, Bocheng Yu, Scott Fowler und Bin Yu. „Throughput maximization for UAV-assisted wireless powered D2D communication networks with a hybrid time division duplex/frequency division duplex scheme“. Wireless Networks 27, Nr. 3 (20.02.2021): 2147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02562-w.

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30

Esmailzadeh, R., E. Sourour und M. Nakagawa. „PreRAKE diversity combining in time-division duplex CDMA mobile communications“. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, Nr. 3 (Mai 1999): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.764996.

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31

Zussman, Gil, Adrian Segall und Uri Yechiali. „On the Analysis of the Bluetooth Time Division Duplex Mechanism“. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 6, Nr. 6 (Juni 2007): 2149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2007.05152.

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32

Ding, Ming, David Lopez-Perez, Ruiqi Xue, Athanasios V. Vasilakos und Wen Chen. „On Dynamic Time-Division-Duplex Transmissions for Small-Cell Networks“. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, Nr. 11 (November 2016): 8933–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2519520.

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33

Zhou, Bao-long, Ling-ge Jiang und Chen He. „Robust ergodic rate transmission for time division duplex beamforming systems“. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 18, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2013): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12204-013-1435-9.

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34

Hwang, In-Ho, Jee-Young Kim und Jeong-Woo Lee. „Design of Time-Division Half-Duplex Estimate and Forward Relaying System“. Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 37, Nr. 4A (30.04.2012): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2012.37a.4.227.

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35

Samidi, F. S., N. A. M. Radzi, W. S. H. M. W. Ahmad, F. Abdullah, M. Z. Jamaludin und A. Ismail. „5G New Radio: Dynamic Time Division Duplex Radio Resource Management Approaches“. IEEE Access 9 (2021): 113850–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104277.

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36

Wang, Dong, und Fanggang Wang. „Wireless MIMO Switching With Imperfect CSI in Frequency and Time Division Duplex“. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, Nr. 5 (Mai 2019): 2579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2905197.

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37

Yang, Jaehyeok, Seohyeon Kim, Gunpil Hwang, Kyeongha Kwon, Sejun Jeon und Hyeon-Min Bae. „Reference-Less Time-Division Duplex Transceiver IC for a Renal Denervation System“. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 54, Nr. 6 (Juni 2019): 1657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2900860.

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38

Manikandan, M. S. K., E. Shanthi und S. J. Thiruvengadam. „Network Performance Analysis of TCP-Based 3GPP LTE Time Division Duplex Systems“. Wireless Personal Communications 65, Nr. 4 (07.04.2011): 863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0316-5.

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39

Lee, Jaewon, Minjoong Rim und Chung G. Kang. „Decentralized Slot-Ordered Cross Link Interference Control Scheme for Dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) in 5G Cellular System“. IEEE Access 9 (2021): 63567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074176.

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40

Nilofer, Shaik. „A Review of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output for 5G Communication: Benefits and Challenges“. International Journal of Intelligent Communication, Computing and Networks 1, Nr. 1 (25.08.2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51735/ijiccn/001/09.

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Massive MIMO (mMIMO) systems become a primary advantage to overcome the problem of bandwidth restrictions. It improves the channel capacity of remote systems.The paper reviews about mMIMO systems. mMIMO consists of several number of antennas at base station (BS) which improves spectrum efficacy. The extra benefit of the mMIMO system is that the components cost is low because of utilization of less power components. The paper also discusses about the channel estimation at the BS and generally time division mode (TDD) is assumed for mMIMO systems. The paper also discusses system model, benefits for 5G wireless communication and its challenges.

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41

Azmi, Paeiz, und Nooshin Tavakkoli. „Narrow-band interference suppression in Time-Division-Duplex CDMA systems using preprocessing techniques“. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 19, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-4132(08)60170-x.

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42

Ko, Kab Seok, Bang Chul Jung und Mijeong Hoh. „Distributed Interference Alignment for Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks With Dynamic Time Division Duplex“. IEEE Communications Letters 22, Nr. 4 (April 2018): 792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2803813.

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43

Lin, H. C., S. S. Tzeng und C. T. Yen. „Dynamic non-collision packet reservation MAP for time division duplex-based wireless networks“. IET Communications 1, Nr. 6 (2007): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060588.

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44

XU, Yong, Qing CHANG und Zhijian YU. „A Scheme for GNSS ISL Ranging and Time Synchronization under a New Time Division Duplex Mode“. IEICE Transactions on Communications E94-B, Nr. 12 (2011): 3627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e94.b.3627.

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45

Zhou, B., L. Jiang, C. He und S. Zhao. „Sounding reference signal pattern design for time division duplex multiple-input multiple-output and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems“. IET Communications 6, Nr. 7 (2012): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0435.

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46

Holma, H., S. Heikkinen, O. A. Lehtinen und A. Toskala. „Interference considerations for the time division duplex mode of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access“. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18, Nr. 8 (August 2000): 1386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.864004.

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47

Quang, Khanh Nguyen, Van Duc Nguyen und Hyunseung Choo. „Dynamic Subchannel Assignment-Based Cross-Layer MAC and Network Protocol for Multihop Ad Hoc Networks“. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/962643.

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The paper presents a dynamic subchannel assignment algorithm based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology operating in the time division duplexing and a new cross-layer design based on a proposed routing protocol jointed with the MAC protocol. The proposed dynamic sub-channel assignment algorithm provides a new interference avoidance mechanism which solves several drawbacks of existing radio resource allocation techniques in wireless networks using OFDMA/TDD, such as the hidden node and exposed node problems, mobility, and cochannels interference in frequency (CCI). Besides, in wireless networks, when a route is established, the radio resource allocation problems may decrease the end to end performance proportionally with the length of each route. The contention at MAC layer may cause the routing protocol at network layer to respond by finding new routes and routing table updates. The proposed routing protocol is jointed with the MAC protocol based on dynamic sub-channel assignment to ensure that the quality of service in multihop ad hoc networks is significantly improved.

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48

Luna-Rivera, J. M., und D. U. Campos-Delgado. „Transmitter pre-filtering for the downlink of a time-division-duplex/direct sequence-code division multiple access system over time-varying multipath fading channels“. IET Communications 3, Nr. 9 (2009): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2008.0346.

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49

Zhou, B., L. Jiang, C. He und S. Zhao. „Practical robust uplink pilot time interval optimisation scheme for time-division duplex multiple-input-single-output beamforming system“. IET Communications 6, Nr. 9 (2012): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0427.

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50

Cheng, S. T., M. T. Hsieh und B. F. Chen. „Fairness-based scheduling algorithm for time division duplex mode IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access systems“. IET Communications 4, Nr. 9 (2010): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2009.0083.

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