Dissertationen zum Thema „Thorax – Produits de remplacement“
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Chaufer, Martin. „Développement d’un substitut physique de thorax humain et de son jumeau numérique dédiés à la prédiction du risque lésionnel lors d'impacts balistiques non pénétrants“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, the use of less-lethal weapons has increased. These weapons, designed to neutralise individuals exhibiting dangerous behaviour, can cause injuries or even death. Similar injury mechanisms are observed in the rear deformation of bulletproof vests during impacts. To protect citizens and law enforcement personnel, it is necessary to prevent such scenarios. However, today there are few tools available to assist in the sizing of such equipment. In this context, this thesis aims to develop tools for predicting thoracic injury risk during non-penetrating ballistic impacts. Accordingly, a physical substitute of the human thorax and its numerical twin are developed. Initially, the HUByx numerical model is used as a reference to construct a simplified numerical model that can be manufactured using readily available materials. Different materials are characterised, and their material laws are established. Once validated, this numerical model serves as a basis for constructing the physical substitute called SurHUByx. It is equipped with various sensors to record data over the rib and in internal organs during ballistic impacts. Specific impact cases described in case reports are replicated on SurHUByx to correlate sensor data with injury assessments. Finally, a statistical approach is used to develop injury prediction curves, allowing to estimate of the risk of injury following an impact on SurHUByx or its numerical twin, SurHUByx FEM
Julien, Valérie. „Remplacement des actifs cosmétiques d'origine biologique“. Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBocquet, Christophe. „Les aérosols : problèmes toxicologiques posés par les chlorofluorocarbones et les produits de remplacement“. Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJomard, Thierry. „Etude du refroidissement de composants électroniques de puissance par ébullition de substituts du R 113“. Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithin the field of railway traction, the ·current coming from the catenar is used for traction engines and for the operation. Of ali auxiliary equipments. The various modifications it undergoes lead to thermal fosses, in particular within power semi-conductors. These fosses have to be evacuated in order to assure the good operation of the whole. Among existing solutions, one of the best peforming ones is nucleate boiling cooling: electronic components are directly immersed in a dielectrical liquid in saturated state. Until today a fluid have been imposed due to its various qualities: the R113. The use of this latter being condemned in mean period of time, it cornes to find a substitute for it. Ali evantual existing substitutes belong to the perfluorocarbonated family. After being assumed than these fluids respond correctly to constraints other than thermal, we evaluate on a first time performances obtained du ring nucleate beiJing over a heated plate. A Jess good thermal behavior of substitutes, with regard to exchange coefficient and critical he at fluxes, is observed. It influences system performances which are used actually and this implies the ir improvment. A better knowledge of phenomenas occuring within the exchange process is necessary. This knowledge is acquired in two complementary ways: by the conduction of experiments with various substitutes on prototypes and by the set up of modelization with finish element. The results of both proceedings show that we can recover, even improve, initial performances
Giroux, Danielle. „Industrie des abrasifs, choix d'abrasifs, acceptabilité des substituts à la silice et croyance des usagers“. Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAurenty, Patrice. „Caractérisation des interactions eau/encre/plaque dans le procédé offset : à la recherche de substituts de l'isopropanol dans la solution de mouillage“. Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGruet, Serge. „Nature et intérêt des édulcorants de synthèse : acaloriques vendus en officine“. Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFouley, Aurélie. „Evaluation prédictive de la toxicité et de l'écotoxicité des principaux HCFC et HFC“. Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN4055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBatiot-Dupeyrat, Catherine. „Fluorations catalytiques en phase liquide : préparation de substituts aux CFC“. Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDunchych, Kateryna. „Formulation, rationalisation et modélisation des référencements de substitution à la parafine dans les bougies“. Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaking into consideration the new aspects related to the environmental and sustainable development, renewable materials of plant / animal origin have become alternatives to paraffin . The aim of this work is to study the extent of incorporation of these materials poorly compatible with the existing processes (fillin g, compression, extrusion). The study of the incorporation of substitutes for the filling process was carried out on the basis of their different physical-chemical properties. To optimize the incorporation of substitute, an experimental design methodology has been developed. This study has shown the influence of the treatment of the substitute on its compatibility with the process of making candles by filling. The incorporation of substitutes in the powder compression process was studied under laboratory conditions similar to those practiced in the candle industry. Tensile strength of the candle was deduced as key parameter for the quality of the finished product. The behavior of the powders in the rearrangement step and the formulation show significant impact on the mechanical strength of the candle. The study of the formulation in the extrusion process was carried out in order to define the material factor (s) to ensure the extrusion. This type of process requires the use of high quality paraffins having hi gh mechanical strength and deformation properties. This work shows that the substitution of paraffins remains very complex and depends on the type of process. The importance of matter-process interaction impacts the integration of the substitute the most compatible with the filling process
Boussand, Béatrice. „Propriétés de l'oxyde de chrome pour les réactions de fluoration catalytique“. Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelaez, Alvarez Victor Manoel. „Le processus d'innovation dans le domaine des édulcorants intenses“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTHE RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS HAS TAKEN PLACE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AN EVOLVING SWEETENERS MARKET CHARACTERISED BY CONTINUAL PRODUCT SUBSTITUTION. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE MARKET OF A SYNTHETIC SWEETENER, ASPARTAME, strengthED THIS PROCESS, NOT ONLY WITH RESPECT TO "ARTIFICIAL SUGARS" BUT ALSO THROUGH THE POTENTIAL TO REPLACE "NATURAL" OR "CALORIFIC" SUGARS. THE SUBJECT OF THIS STUDY IS THE ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION, IN PARTICULAR WITH RESPECT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING OF ASPARTAME. THE AIM IS TO SHOW THAT THIS PROCESS HAS BEEN CHARACTERISED BY AN EFFECTIVE SHIFT TOWARDS THE FOOD SECTOR IN THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING FRAMEWORK OF THE PHARMACEUTICL INDUSTRY, ALONG WITH AN INTERNAL ADAPTATION BY THE FIRM TOA NEW PRODUCTION SYSTEM. THUS, THE INNOVATION PROCESS IS EXPLAINED BY THE JOINT EVOLUTION OF THE FIRM'S RESEARCH ANA DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY AND THE CONDITIONS OF COMP0ETITION IN ITS ENVIRONMENT
Agogue, Marie-Caroline. „Formulation et procédés de production de bougies biosourcées : transition des paraffines pétrochimiques vers des paraffines obtenues à partir des produits biosourcés“. Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe manufacture of candles requires the use of petrochemical paraffins. However, despite growing demand, paraffins are considered as a scarce resource where supplies are becoming increasingly tight. In addition, there is growing competition and a significant increase of prices. The aim of the thesis is to substitute paraffins with biosourced raw materials in candle formulations. The refining of these materials up to the understanding of their behaviour in mixtures are studied in this thesis. Bleaching and deodorization are key steps in the refining of raw materials in order to eliminate odor molecules and pigments. Both processes are improved in order to reduce the reaction time and the purity of the bleached and deodorized raw material. The substitution of paraffins by a high level of vegetable oil through the use of an organogelator, 12-hydroxystearic acid, is studied. The organogel thus formed leads to a multi-scale modification of the candle structure: modification of the crystal lattice, thermal behaviour and combustion. Finally, the replacement of synthetic additives by vegetable additives is studied to show their effect on the crystalline microstructure and on the mechanical behaviour of mixtures in which they are introduced. However, few benefits are demonstrated compared to synthetic additives
Pruvost, Romain. „Synthèses d’esters par hydroestérification des oléfines“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used plastic: the production is estimated at 1,900 ktons in Europe during the 90s. 85 % of this plastic is formulated with adjuvant, like phthalates esters, for the production of flexible products, which have several applications in flooring or tubing. Actually, due to their toxicity, these plasticizers are forbidden in specific applications, like children’s toys. This context stimulated the industrial development of news less toxics chemicals. The objective of the project is to propose a synthetic pathway to access bio-sourced plasticizers from a carbonylation reaction in one-step. After an optimization of the reaction parameters and catalysts employed to obtain optimal yields, we have made different batches of products, which are evaluated as PVC plasticizers
Khokhar, Muhammad Irfan Ahmad. „Optimisation of concrete mix design with high content of mineral additions : effect on microstructure, hydration and shrinkahe“. Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cement being used in the construction industry is the result of a chemical process linked to the decarbonation of limestone conducted at high temperature and results in a significant release of CO2. This thesis is part of the project EcoBéton (Green concrete) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), with a purpose to show the feasibility of high substitution of cement by mineral additions such as blast furnaces slag, fly ash and limestone fillers. Generally for high percentages of replacements, the early age strength is lower than Portland cement concrete. To cope with this problem, an optimisation method for mix design of concrete using Bolomey’s law has been proposed. Following the encouraging results obtained from mortar, a series of tests on concretes with different substitution percentages were carried out to validate the optimisation method. To meet the requirements of the construction industry related to performance of concrete at early age, which determine their durability, a complete experimental study was carried out. Standard tests for the characterization of the mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, and setting) allowed to validate the choice of mix design on the basis of equivalent performance. We focused on the hydration process to understand the evolution of the mechanical properties. Setting time measurement by ultrasound device at different temperatures (10°C, 20°C and 30°C) showed that ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash delayed the setting process, while use of limestone filler may accelerate this process. Calorimetric studies over mortars and concretes made possible to calculate the activation energy of the different mixtures and a decrease in heat of hydration of concretes with mineral additions was observed which is beneficial for use in mega projects of concrete. Scanning Electron Microscopy observations and thermal analysis have given enough information about the hydration process. It was observed that the hydration products are similar for different concrete mixtures, but the time of their appearance and quantity in the cement matrix varies for each concrete mix. Last part of the thesis was dedicated to the study of main types of shrinkage. First of all, deformations measured were correlated to hydration, capillary depression and porosity evolution. Results allowed concluding that the use of mineral additions has an actual effect on the plastic shrinkage behaviour, but its impact is not proportional to the percentage of additions. Substitution of cement by the additions seems to have a marked influence on the kinetics of the shrinkage without any effect on its long term amplitude. The study of restrained shrinkage under drying conditions by means of ring tests showed that concretes with high percentage of slag addition seem more prone to cracking than the Portland cement concretes
Abdelfeteh, Sadok. „Formulation de matériaux de construction à base de sous-produits industriels avec des méthodes issues de l’intelligence artificielle“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe environmental issue has become a major concern for governments and industry. Effective waste management is part of the priority actions in order to achieve a green circular economy. This efficient management imposes first maximum recovery of waste, knowing the large tonnage produced is different sectors. The field of civil engineering is particularly concerned. The valorization of alternative materials in the field of civil engineering has grown significantly in recent years. However, this practice knows some limitations, including the lack of clear regulations and especially the lack of tools and methods suitable for design of materials including alternatives materials. In this context, the present work focuses on the development of mix design method of building materials based on industrial by-products. This hybrid method combines the Genetic Algorithms (GA) as multi-objective optimization tools and Genetic Programming (GP) in its two versions, classical GP and MGGP (MultiGene Genetic Programming) as modeling tools for complex problems by Machine Learning approach. Specific studies were carried out also or these innovative tools, to demontrates benefits and weaknesses of these tools on these applications in civil engineering. Finally, this method of formulation of building materials based on industrial sub products proposed in this work was tested on two case studies (design of high performance concrete and mortars made of alternative materials) and validated by the laboratory tests. The results are conclusive and promising to generalize the method to other applications of Civil Engineering
Bernazeau, Caroline. „Maigrir aujourd'hui : application à l'utilisation des produits de régime hypocaloriques vendus en officine“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagassa, Ousmane. „Comparaison du comportement de génisses laitières Holstein nourries avec du lactoremplaceur selon la recommandation canadienne ou en ad libitum“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68782.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this study was to compare, on commercial farms, the behaviour of Holstein dairy calves fed milk replacer equivalent to the current Canadian recommendation or ad libitum at peak milk replacer intake, during the weaning period and after weaning. To do so, 114 heifers from two commercial dairy farms were randomly assigned to the two milk replacer feeding regimes and were group-housed, fed with an automatic milk replacer from day 7 to day 76 of age (weaning). Accelerometers were used to determine lying time, lying bouts, and bouts duration. Direct visual behavioural observations by an observer (feeding behaviour, drinking behaviour, and lying behaviour) were also assessed discontinuously while redirect behaviour (displacement of one calf by another at the automated milk feeder, and cross-suckling) were observed continuously for two one-hour periods of live observations for each of the three selected periods. Daily lying time increased at the peak of milk replacer intake relative to the other observational periods. Mean bout duration varied between periods and treatments. Lying bouts were more frequent after weaning and under the ad libitum treatment during peak milk replacer intake. Feeding and drinking behaviours were more frequent in the post-weaning period while lying time was higher at the peak milk replacer intake period. There was a tendency for more suckling between calves at postweaning when calves were fed ad libitum. Overall, all behavioral observations remained acceptable for both treatments. Therefore, despite the difference observed, both treatments appeared to be adequate in terms of calf behaviour
Pluvinet, Arnaud. „Polymorphisme génétique du Locus eps (Exopolysaccharide) chez la bactérie lactique Streptococcus thermophilus : évolution rapide par remplacement de séquences“. Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe texture of dairy products resulting from lactic fermentation is obtained by the presence of exopolysaccharides excreted by the used lactic acid bacteria. These exopolysaccharides are required for the smoothness of the product. The chromosome region involved in the synthesis of exopolysaccharides synthesis in Streptococcus thermophilus is called eps locus. This region is very variable. S. Thermophilus is a lactic acid bacterium used in coculture with other lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus lactis (used in cheese production) or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (used in yoghurt production). The eps locus represents a model of the implication of intra- and interspecific horizontal transfer in the origin of S. Thermophilus polymorphism. Study of the eps loci of 3 S. Thermophilus strains, CNRZ368, NST2280 and IP6757, allowed to reveal a large variability of this locus caused by horizontal transfers. S. Thermophilus CNRZ368 contains a 32. 5 kb eps locus including a 13. 6 kb region which could originate from L. Lactis. Moreover, the eps loci of 2 very related strains, IP6757 and NST2280, are very different. The comparison of the sequences of 27 kb and 19. 2 kb eps loci of IP6757 and NST2280 S. Thermophilus strains respectively shows two regions with high homology separated by a specific-strain region. These results, associated with the comparison of the eps loci of other phylogenetically related strains of IP6757 and NST2280, indicate that the eps locus of an IP6757 ancestor should have quickly evolved by acquisition, from an other bacterium of the lactic flora, and replacement of a part of its locus
Délia, Marie-Line. „Hydrogénation du xylose en xylitol par voie biologique : étude physiologique et cinétique“. Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT012G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHadida, Pascale. „Etude de mousses aérosols cosmétiques à partir de propulseurs non chlorofluorés“. Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLemée, Frédéric. „Traitement par alcali-activation de sédiments fins marins, non contaminés et à faible teneur en eau : mise au point d’un procédé de stabilisation“. Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2051.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle40 million tons of industrial waste and 50 million cubic meters of waste sediments are produced every year in France. Since July 2002, the industrialists and communities have to reduct impact of these wastes and to propose new ways to reuse their by-products. In this manuscript, the authors discuss about the recovery of three by-products together : sediments from Mont-Saint Michel, fly ash and alkaline solutions. No other binder is added : the alkaline solutions are used like an activator in order to induce the pozzolanic character of the sediments and the fly ash, it is the alkali-activated process. The first part concerns the characterization of the sediments of the Mont-Saint-Michel. After physical, chemical and mineral analysis, two different kinds of sediments, one looking like a tiny sand and an other looking like a mud, are identified. The second part deals with the use of alcali-activated process to stabilize the sediments from Mont-Saint-Michel. This study shows the interest of the use of fly ash and recommends an alkalinity between 2 and 5M in order to optimize the pozzolanicity. With these experimental conditions, the treated materials show physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics which are enough to use in road work. Test of durability justifies the process of treatment and fixes recommendations for achievements
Morel, Antoine. „Amélioration des propriétés magnétiques des aimants permanents du type hexaferrite de strontium par la substitution lanthane - cobalt“. Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHexaferrites, due to their low cost combined with their magnetic properties, are excellent materials to produce permanent magnets. Their main quality is their high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. As shown by different patents published in 1998, their magnetic properties can been improved by using the lanthanum-cobalt substitution. Firstly, using four spectroscopic methods (Mössbauer spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron diffraction), we localized the position of the Co2+ ion in the unit cell of the hexagonal M-type M phase in samples with the Sr1-xLaxFe12-xCoxO19 composition, synthesized with a classical ceramic process. The results show that Co2+ is localized in both 4f2 and 2a octahedral sites. The intrinsic magnetic properties are influenced by this substitution and the main effect is a strong increase of the magnetocristalline anisotropy field, as measured by the SPD (singular point detection) method, when the degree of substitution increases. This effect can be explained using the "single-ion model", and is attributed to the localization of the Co2+ ion, in relation with the presence of the La3+ ion, on the so-called "central" octahedral sites of the M unit cell. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the magnetocristalline anisotropy field is strongly modified. The most interesting intrinsic composition is Sr0. 6La0. 4Fe11. 6Co0. 4O19. The investigation of the magnet properties shows a significant improvement. The remanent induction, thermal stability and, mainly, coercive field increase. However, the squareness of the demagnetization curve decreases. The optimal composition giving the best final magnetic properties is Sr0. 8La0. 2Fe11. 8Co0. 2O19. This is different from the optimal intrinsic composition. This difference can be explained by negative microstructural effects when the degree of substitution is higher than 0. 2. Particularly, the behaviour of the coercive field has been accurately described by taking in account both microstrutural evolution and intrinsic magnetic properties. Finally, to take full benefit from the effects of this substitution, this magnets have been optimized to improve the squareness of their demagnetization curve
Queguiner, Claire. „Nouvelles propriétés fonctionnelles de protéines laitières obtenues par traitements thermomécaniques d'extrusion“. Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20271.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePernelle, Christine. „Utilisation de l'hémoglobine bovine modifiée comme soluté de remplissage vasculaire transporteur d'oxygène : étude de faisabilité“. Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPI280.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExisting plasma substitutes suffer from the major draw back of being unable to transport oxygen. In this study attempts were made to design a modified haemoglobin molecule capable of acting as an effective plasma substitute whilst retaining useful oxygen carrying capacity. A stabilized oligomeric haemoglobin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde was used to achieve the ideal characteristics of such a product. Bovine haemoglobin was employed because it exhibits an appropriate P50 without the need for exogenous allosteric effectors. We have developed a system amenable to scale up for the production of purified haemoglobin dimmers (Hb)2 which satisfy the oncotic pressure and half life requirements while retaining useful oxygen carrying capacity. Physico chemical characteristics of this product by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods and by neutron scattering are described. Physiological characteristics of the dimmers (Hb)2 (stability against oxidation, oxygen affinity, antigenicity), are also described
Samara, Mazen. „VALORISATION DES SEDIMENTS FLUVIAUX POLLUES APRES INERTAGE DANS LA BRIQUE CUITE“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713676.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoussard, Valentin. „Nouveaux émollients biosourcés : modélisation, synthèse, propriétés physicochimiques et fonctionnelles“. Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn increased awareness of both persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment of volatile cyclic silicones such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), has rendered the regulation in cosmetic field more stringent. In the meantime, consumers are increasingly responsive to natural products and require the same sensorial profile as the one offered by D5. These evolutions encouraged industrials to find biosourced alternatives to cyclomethicones. In this work, highlighting relationships between the sensorial profile of cosmetic emollients, their physicochemical properties and their structural characteristics has led to the identification of original chemical structures, which offer physicochemical properties as close as possible to those of D5. The use of in silico syntheses allows to generate several new virtual candidate emollients to improve spreading on the skin surface and reach the light and smooth after-feel offered by the D5. Based on neural networks modeling, three new predictive models tested on a set of commercial emollients were used to predict accurately the physicochemical properties (surface tension, viscosity and boiling point) of virtual emollients, which has led to the identification of the most promising candidates. Then, these candidates have been synthesized, characterized and benchmarked against commercial emollients. Combining the most promising candidates with other cosmetic oils has resulted in high synergistic effects, offering the possibility to significantly improve the spreading properties of candidate emollients. Finally, emulsions have been formulated with some of the newly developed emollients
Saint-Martin, Pascale. „Étude de deux protéines contenant du fer non hémique isolées du genre Desulfovibrio : la rubrérythrine (purification et caractérisation chez Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27 774) et la rubrédoxine (effets de substitutions métalliques)“. Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRubredoxin, the simplest iron-sulfur protein, has been used as a model for the study of mechanisms of hydrogenases which contain more complex centers. The active center of rubredoxins from 3 Desulfolvibrio strains (D. Desulfuricans ATCC 27 774 and Berre-Eau and D. Gigas) has been substituted by nickel and their deuterium-proton exchange and H2 production activities have been measured by mass-spectrometry. No net activity has been observed with native rubredoxin. Substitution with nickel leads to exchange and production activities, weak indeed when compared to those of hydrogenases. But it is clear that nickel plays a role in hydrogen activation. H2/H2+HD ratio is compatible with an heterolytic cleavage of D2 with formation of an hybrid. CO, which is an inhibitor of all types of hydrogenases, is a reversible of inhibitor for nickel-rubredoxins. No activity is observed after replacement of iron by other transition metals (cobalt or copper). A new protein has been isolated from D. Desulfuricans ATCC 27 774. It contains non heme iron implicated in two different structures : one of the rubredoxin type and one of the hemerythrin type. So it has been called rubrerythrin. The optical spectrum of this protein is comparable to the rubredoxin one, but it is composed by two 24 KDa subunits. The redox potential (+ 200 mV) is very high compared to other proteins found in Desulfovibrio. A protein with NADH-rubrerythrin oxydo-reductase activity has been purified and characterized. Nevertheless, the physiological role of rubrerythrin is still unknown
Turc, Adeline. „La toxicomanie aux opiacés, le pharmacien, et les pratiques de substitution“. Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrandpierre, Catherine Bergonier. „Immunogénicité et antigénicité de produits de substitution dans les intolérances aux protéines de lait de vache“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30271.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubrulle, Laura. „Siccatifs éco-conçus et siccativation des agro-résines“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoatings are complex mixtures of solvents, binders, pigments, fillers and additives which provide decorative, optical and protective properties. To speed the drying of alkyd paint, which is governed by autoxidation, the use of additives called driers is needed. Cobalt salts have long been used due to their good performance, but they are suspected of being carcinogenic compounds. Several tools were used to evaluate new alternatives to the use of the cobalt, ie oxidation in reactors, ATR-FTIR, DSC, HPLC for the hydroperoxides decomposition, etc. Applicative tests such as drying time and hardness were conducted on petroleum and bio-based alkyd paint formulations. The first approach was to evaluate fatty acid methyl esters from various plant sources with different compositions on their autoxidation and to apply an associated kinetic model. Increasing the number of double bonds and the number of bis-allylic hydrogen is associated with the rise of the rate constants and the decrease of oxidation times. A series of primary and secondary driers was tested in the oxidation and the decomposition of hydroperoxides, where only primary driers have shown catalytic activity on these two stages. Subsequently, new alternatives were developed based on iron and manganese complexes, on pro-oxidant systems or on readily oxidizable molecules such as thiols, organoboranes, terpenes, etc. An iron(III) complex was distinguished by its performance on the oxidation and decomposition of hydroperoxides but also by its drying capacity without generating yellowing or loss of gloss
Nolleau, Valérie. „Caractérisation du métabolisme du xylose en vue d'une optimisation de la production de xylitol chez "Candida guilliermondii" et "Candida parapsilosis"“. Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20284.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArchambeaud, Marine. „Substitution éventuelle du stéréate de magnésium d'origine bovine par son homologue d'origine végétale dans la formulation des comprimés“. Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeter, Stefan Dietrich. „Substituts des métaux précieux dans les pots catalytiques“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10347.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLinden, Caroline. „Pharmacien : acteur de santé, implication du pharmacien dans la prise en charge des usagers de drogues substituées“. Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrinh, Quang Minh. „Utilisation du métakaolin par substitution partielle du ciment dans les applications géotechniques d'injection et de scellement d'ancrage“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1743/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to eliminate a number of scientific and technological barriers in order to use metakaolin in grout made for two main applications: the grout mainly used for filling of underground cavities, and the grout intended for soil nailing to stabilize unstable slopes or retaining walls. We optimized the fresh and hardened state of grouts that made from binary and ternary binders and studied their mechanical, chemical, environmental and economic properties. We sought to improve the comprehension of the effect of metakaolin on the behavior of the grout, analyzing the hydration of cement and metakaolin by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. We also focused on the interaction of MK with cement or other products such as bentonite or fillers. The work is realized in both laboratory and in-situ, mainly for grout formulation and testing them in the form of pull-out tests. Numerical calculations / modeling were carried out to study the rupture mechanism of grout and predict their breakout force in-situ
Minane, Jacques Rémy. „Contribution à l’élaboration de sables de mâchefers améliorés en vue d’une valorisation dans la formulation de matériaux cimentaires“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10133/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral study focuses on granular mineral wastes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash. This research is aiming to elaborate upgraded mineral sands fractions in comparison to standard MSWI bottom ash thanks to its beneficial use in cementitious materials. In the first step, a new methodology is proposed for dry separation of MSWI bottom ash in order to better recover ferrous and non-ferrous metals from the sands fractions and obtain an improved mineral sand fraction at the same time. This proposed methodology is composed of grinding of 0-20 mm input bottom ash fraction through BHS crushers. Subsequently, the main sand fraction (0-4 mm) is processed through magnetic drums and the innovative non-ferrous metal separator NES 4T of STEINERT process. In the second step, physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characterizations have been performed on untreated and treated sands fractions. The third step of this research focuses on beneficial use of the 0-2 mm granular fraction in cementitious materials, that is considered most problematic of MSWI bottom ash fractions. The standardized reference sand is replaced in volume for the partial substitution (50% and 75%) and total substitution (100%) by 0-2 mm upgraded mineral fractions in the mortar preparation. Physical, mechanical and environmental characterization have been performed on cement mortar up to 180 days of moist curing. Compressive strengths of mortar containing upgraded bottom ash are promising. Finally, a mechanical characterization on hardened cement paste has been performed as well on mortar containing upgraded bottom ash fractions through indentation technique in order to determine the modulus of elasticity and hardness
Payet, Maïder. „Les substitutions de thérapeutiques à l'hôpital“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePons, Frédéric. „Erosion suite à l'impact d'un arc électrique : modélisation et campagnes expérimentales en vue du développement d'un matériau de substitution à l'alliage AgCdO“. Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ039S/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgCdO is one of the most widely used contact materials in the world because of its outstanding performance. Nevertheless, due to environmental considerations, it will soon be completely forbidden by European environmental directives. Therefore, finding a good substitute is of crucial importance. Electrical arc erosion plays a crucial role in the reliability and life of power switching devices. Depending on the contact material’s behavior in response to an electrical arc, surface damage can induce severe changes in contact material properties that will impact the power switching device’s functioning. Consequently, electrical arc effects and consequences on the contact material surface are of first importance. In this context, we have focused our research activities on the following axes. First of all, in order to better understand AgCdO (Current contact material in aerospace industry) and AgSnO2 (Potential candidate to AgCdO substitution) arc erosion behaviors, arc erosion experiments, where the power switching devices have been subjected to different numbers of arc discharges, have been realized. Further, a general macroscopic electrical contact arc erosion model valid for low and high currents was developed. To compare model results to experimental data, this model describes the complete breaking process of electrical contacts and gives the total amount of material removed after one breaking operation. In parallel, arc erosion experiments on AgCdO power switching devices have been conducted at high currents (0 -> 1000 A) in order to validate the arc erosion model. Next, using the general arc erosion model, the properties having the greatest influence on the electrical arc erosion process have been determined through simulations on silver contact material. At this stage, ab initio calculations were needed to obtain ranges of variation of certain silver contact material properties. Finally, an investigation of the trends of changing local contact material composition of AgSnO2 on these identified material properties was performed. This study was based on ab initio calculations for two different oxide compositions of AgSnO2. These will allow us to give directions to aid the design of a good substitute for AgCdO, and therefore, to complete the main objective of this research work
Vieco, Saiz Nuria. „Potentiel probiotique et activités anti-Clostridium perfringens établies in vitro et in vivo pour des souches du genre Lactobacillus nouvellement isolées du caecum de poulets“. Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHere, we propose the use as probiotic novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB), mainly lactobacilli for their anti-Clostridium perfringens properties. This Gram-positive, spore-forming and harmful bacterium is responsible for necrotic enteritis in broilers. This infection is characterized by severe intestinal lesions, bird weight loss and ultimately bird death. The use of antibiotics to prevent necrotic enteritis or just as growth promotors has been banned in Europe since 2006 based on the EU regulation 1831/2003/CE. Antibiotics replacement in the animal production is expected to drive fruitful and intensive projects. In this frame, we have successfully isolated novel lactobacilli strains endowed with anti-C. perfringens activity and additional probiotic features. LAB are recognized as GRAS/QPS organisms and can offer advantages for industrial applications. In this study, LAB strains were isolated from healthy chicken caeca. These LABs, mainly those belonging to Lactobacillus reuteri and Lb. salivarius species have revealed highly capabilities to inhibit in vitro C. perfringens through lactic acid production. Besides lactic acid production, these novel strains were able to form biofilms and display high aggregation and adhesion scores. These non-hemolytic strains were also studied for their resistance to simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Technological properties as resistance to freeze-drying process, conservation and viability were determined and allowed to shape and predict scale production of these novel LAB strains. Genomes of Lactobacilli with relevant fulfilling antagonistic activities and probiotic grade were sequenced and analyzed. To conclude this study, in vivo assays were successfully tested in challenged birds. Interestingly and remarkably, these strains allowed birds to gain weight and avoid lesions caused ascribed to C. perfringens
Zagre, Noël Marie. „Projet pilote d'introduction de l'huile de palme non raffinée comme source de vitamine A au Burkina Faso : évaluation de l'impact“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdong, Engone Jean Gérard. „Développement de matériaux cimentaires à base de sous-produits bois : mise en forme par extrusion et vibrocompactage“. Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0211/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, the waste wood deposit product in companies of first and second transformation is estimated at about twelve million tons per year. 60\% of this waste comes mainly from mills in the form of sawdust and wood chips. There are many methods of recovery of such waste, which in turn causes environmental problems through the use of products harmful to the environment. A new challenge is to find ways and means to sustainable and consistent recovery of such waste. A new challenge is to find ways and means to sustainable and consistent recovery of such waste. The recovery of such waste in construction materials could be a sustainable solution. In this context, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Council initiated a project for the recovery of such wastes by developing new building materials from wood byproducts. This thesis has been intended to develop biocomposites based on cement paste and sawdust resulting from Poplar species. These biocomposites are designed for be used as part-bearing masonry and are subject to mechanical strength criteria set by the French standard. The study of the influence of sawdust on the mechanical, rheological and physico-chemical of a mortar was performed by replacing the sand by sawdust at rates ranging from 10 to 100 \%. The results obtained showed a loss of mechanical strength with increasing volume of wood in the mixture generated by chemical phenomena. However the compressive strength obtained for significant substitution rate (50 to 60\%) were in accordance with the French standard. These results led to the optimization of a wood mortar formulation met can be extruded using a ram extruder. In order to apply the development of these biocomposites in an industrial scale, the sawdust was introduced into a formulation of micro-concrete used in the production of industrial concrete blocks manufactured by vibro-compaction. The results showed that up to 50\% of substitution of sand by the sawdust, the mechanical properties were compliant. The thermal characterization of the blocks showed an interesting insulation capacity
Waligora, Julien. „Obtention de granulats stables de laitier d'aciérie de conversion LD pour une utilisation en technique routière : étude appliquée au site d'ArcelorMittal Dunkerque“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10162/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLD converter steel slags are industrial by-products resulting from Linz-Donawitz steelmaking process in oxygen converters. Due to a dimensional instability, attributed to lime and magnesia contained into slag grains, they are not much valuated in road construction. The aim of this PhD thesis, concerning LD steel slags coming from ArcelorMittal Dunkirk steelmaking plant, was : (i) identify the minerai phases responsible for their instability and understand the mechanisms leading to dimensional damages, (ii) isolate into the steelmaking plant the slag outflows that are sufficiently stable for an use in road construction. Carefully chemical and mineralogical characterisations of these slags showed that they contain calcium silicates (essentially dicalcium silicate and punctually tricalcium silicate), calcium ferrites, iron oxides and two forms of lime: sorne nodules and sorne micro-inclusions. It was also established that without the presence of magnesia, lime is the only phase responsible for dimensional damages and that its distribution into slag grains (nodules, micro-inclusions) has a major influence on their stability. Moreover, taking account of certain industrial parameters, it is expected to produce stable slag grains and to incorporate them into wearing course, roadbase, base course or surface dressing. This work finally provides a new way for valuating LD converter steel slags
Scribot, Cyril. „Etude du potentiel de valorisation de la Bauxaline® en matériaux de construction et de dépollution“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRed mud is an industrial by-product from the extraction of alumina from bauxite ores via the Bayer process. The treatment of these sludges with a filter press makes it possible to reduce their water content and to obtain an excavable product called Bauxaline by the Alteo de Gardanne plant, the annual tonnage is 300 000 t / year. Several applications have been considered for this industrial by-product: ceramic materials, grout, lightweight aggregates and depollution filter media. The incorporation of Bauxaline into the ceramic materials is aimed at the manufacture of tiles. Tests carried out on the scale of the laboratory made it possible to demonstrate that the natural clay is substitutable by Bauxaline for 30%. This substitution rate makes it possible to meet the mechanical and environmental requirements and the health constraints linked to the natural radioactivity of Bauxaline. Also, the incorporation of Bauxaline adds value to the materials of ceramic by allowing to obtain an interesting shade for a manufacturer of tiles wishing to widen its range. The study of the formulation of self-compacting grouts and light aggregates made it possible to demonstrate the feasibility at mechanical and environmental levels of the incorporation of Bauxaline with significant substitution rates. The process of depollution is also an interesting way: the granules formulated from Bauxaline have a good reactivity with respect to the phosphate ions. Economically, this upgrade path is also promising: the Bauxaline is a low-cost material compared to the filter media on the market
Sandjong, Kuigwa Lyonnelle. „Recherche de nouveaux solvants éco-compatibles de substitution dans le cadre de REACH“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10157/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur study is focused on the search of new solvents eco-compatible alternative development in the framework of the European directive REACH. More particularly, the aim of the project is to substitute the toxic solvents such as N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), the cresol and phenol used in the industry of the varnishes of enamelling by solvents of lesser toxicity which enable you to synthesize these varnishes in these solvents while maintaining the same properties. For the synthesis of their varnish of enameling which for example is used for the coating of the copper wires, company IVA uses in great quantity NMP (CMR-1B), phenol and cresol (toxic, irritant, corrossive….). During the process of coating, the solvents contained in varnish are flaring. To substitute these solvents, we will in a first time, study the mechanism of polymerization and thus understand the role of solvents involved. Then, we will proceed to the characterization of the polymer constituents the varnish (the poly (esterimide) s and the polyamide-imides) by synthesizing "authentic" which were characterized ideally by infrared analysis. Finally, we will conduct a screening of different solvents "less toxic" in order to achieve the synthesis of polymers in this/these new solvent(s). The solvents used will be either commercial, or synthesized from biomass. When the varnish of enameling non toxic will be obtained in one or several new solvents of lesser toxicity, we will assess their application properties
Khadhraoui, Boutheina. „éco-extraction assistée par ultrasons des plantes médicinales : mécanisme(s), intensification et industrialisation ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY FOR FOOD PROCESSING, PRESERVATION AND EXTRACTION Histo-cytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy for studying spatial and temporal extraction of metabolites induced by ultrasound. Towards chain detexturation mechanism Microscopic imaging as a tool to target spatial and temporal extraction of bioactive compounds through ultrasound intensificationUltrason. Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Green solvents for analytical chemistry“. Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith recent trends in the increasing interest to environmental, economic and safety considerations,extraction techniques have largely focused on finding solutions with sustainable and green values toimplement in food processing, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this context, new “green”extraction techniques were developed such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). The mainobjective of this thesis is industrial implementation of this new process in substitution to theconventional (CV) process. It has been shown in this work that the extraction of compounds ofinterest from rosemary and other plant matrices could be intensified using ultrasound, and thatdifferent performance gain could be achieved according to the plant matrix structural properties.Indeed, macroscopic and microscopic investigation of untreated and treated raw materials provedthat US act through different mechanisms and its resulting impacts can be extremely limited by plantstructural morphological and chemical properties, especially those of the specialized structures.Significant variability in performance gain was also observed at the industrial scale. Overall, USappears as a promising technique with a significant performance gain in terms of extraction yield andselectivity. Moreover, this process presents low environmental footprint compared to the CV one.Finally, it has been shown that natural products, such as honey and fruit juices, can be used toimprove solubilization and extraction of molecules that are poorly soluble in water. Encouragingresults were obtained in terms of solubilization and extraction abilities, especially from ground rawmaterials. However, these results raise questions related to the feasibility of industrialimplementation of this new process
Beka, Robert Germain. „Une alternative végétale en fromagerie : préparation d’un extrait coagulant à partir des fruits de Balanites aegyptiaca : étude biochimique et application technologique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10124/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the framework of the search for a substitute to calf rennet, the pulp of the B. aegyptiaca fruits was used as source of milk-clotting enzyme. The fruits were cleaned by washing and treatment with sodium hypochlorite. The NaCl 5% solution was used as medium of extraction. The purification process was made up of the following stages: clarification with activated charcoal and diafiltration, exclusion and ion exchange chromatographies. Physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of cheese obtained with this vegetable rennet were studied. The results of this study showed that a protease of 38 kDa was extracted in acid medium and three proteases of 28, 70 and 85 kDa in basic medium. The inhibition test, MALDI-TOF analysis coupled with LC-MS and gelatin digestion by protease showed that the protease extracted in acid medium is aspartic while those isolated in basic medium are serine proteases. The isolated proteases are able to hydrolyze α, β et κ caseins. Galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and hexosamines were detected on the glycosyl part of these proteases by GC/FID and GC/ME-EI. However, detection with the lectins showed in more the presence of mannose and fucose. The physicochemical and organoleptic parameters showed that the cheese obtained with the extract is comparable with the standard cheese. This study showed that the proteases of the extract of the pulp of Balanites aegyptiaca are able to replace calf rennet int the manufacture of local cheeses. This work can contribute significantly to the economic development of the agro-pastoral localities of Cameroon
Freville, Vianney. „Caractérisation et évaluation des performances de nouveaux solvants synthétisés à partir d'agroressources“. Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1964.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolvents are essential products in many fields of applications. However, their use is now prohibited because they mostly derive from petroleum and they are toxic to health and the environment. Therefore, currently, eco-responsible technologies are developed to replace these compounds. Among these alternatives, agrosolvents represent one of the most important ways to substitute petrochemical solvents. They are produced by at least one part of renewable raw materials and they are eco-friendly (non-VOC, biodegradable, non-toxic and non eco-toxic). In this context, this thesis is part of the AGROSOLVANT project, supported by the Region Picardie and the Region Champagne-Ardenne and accredited by the world-scale competitive cluster Industries and Agro-Resssources (IAR). The objective of the project is to substitute solvents derived from petroleum by new green solvents derived from renewable resources, in order to use them in two different applications: degreasing and agrochemical formulations. This work is dealing with the evaluation of properties and performances of agrosolvents synthesized from agricultural products which allow the valorization of biofuels co-products (glycerol, amyl alcohols) and the fermentative succinic acid production. The study is structured around a substitution process in order to examine the physico-chemical properties, the solvent power and the application performances of the molecules. At each step, a comparison is made with petrochemical solvents. In the context of substitution, the last part concerns agrosurfactant aqueous solutions and focuses on the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in aqueous degreasing processes
Lecomte, Tristan. „Évaluation environnementale des sédiments de dragage et de curage dans la perspective de leur valorisation dans le domaine du génie civil“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe management and beneficial reuse of non-immersible dredged sediments are major scientific and industrial issues. The industrial research chair " Circular Economy of Sediments: EcoSed ", launched in 2014 by IMT Lille Douai, aims at answering these issues through a multidisciplinary approach. As part of this Doctoral Thesis, investigations were carried out under a partnership research context by combining sediment managers and industrial partners. More specifically, this work aims at (i) to set up a methodological approach to measuring the intrinsic eco-toxicity of sediments prior to their beneficial reuse; (ii) to implement the multi-scale national approach “SEDIMATERIAUX” to check the environmental safety of marine dredged sediment used as aggregates in road concretes; (iii) to compare the national approach on the reuse of alternative materials in road engineering with the European framework developed for environmental assessment of construction products. The results of this work allowed to propose a preparation protocol for the sediment matrix and a sensitive battery of bioassays. Environmental assessment of marine sediments reuse in the field of civil engineering (road concrete, roadbed, roller compacted concrete) allowed validating the environmental safety of these materials and to highlight the achievement of the good trace elements stabilization through their microstructure
Garnier, Louis. „Relations entre élaboration, structure et propriétés de mélanges de polypropylènes isotactique et syndiotactique : application aux procédés d'élaboration de fils élastiques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with the production of new elastic fibers based on immiscible isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) blends suitable for textile applications, in particular for the production of resilient non-wovens that could substitute flexible PU foams. Structure-properties relationships of iPP/sPP blends prepared by a melt blending process were investigated through morphological and structural studies, including a molecular dynamics study using solid-state NMR. A strong relationship between the mechanical properties of the iPP/sPP blends and their morphology was evidenced and strong interactions between amorphous and crystalline phases of the components were found. The study of iPP/sPP blends melt-spinning showed that blends presenting a concentration in sPP higher than 70 % can not be easily melt-spun because of the slow crystallization rate of the sPP. On the other hand, the elastic properties iPP/sPP multifilaments increased with their concentration in sPP and a maximal elastic recovery of 56 % was obtained for 30/70 multifilaments. In order to go further and to optimize the melt-spinning process, a non isothermal crystallization kinetic study of iPP/sPP blends was carried out. A reduction of the difference between iPP and sPP crystallization rates was shown when the cooling rate increase and thus this parameter has to be optimized in order to process fibers with high sPP content and thus with increased elastic properties. The study of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics data with kinetics models also led to a characterization of the evolution of crystallization mechanisms for iPP and sPP as a function of iPP/sPP blends composition