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1
Nagayama, Kaoru. Erotic Comics in Japan. Übersetzt von Patrick Galbraith und Jessica Bauwens-Sugimoto. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727129.
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Comics and cartoons from Japan, or manga and anime, are an increasingly common feature of visual and popular culture around the world. While it is often observed that these media forms appeal to broad and diverse demographics, including many adults, eroticism continues to unsettle critics and has even triggered legal action in some jurisdictions. It is more urgent than ever to engage in productive discussion, which begins with being informed about content that is still scarcely understood outside small industry and fan circles. Erotic Comics in Japan: An Introduction to Eromanga is the most comprehensive introduction in English to erotic comics in Japan, or eromanga. Divided into three parts, it provides a history of eroticism in Japanese comics and cartoons generally leading to the emergence of eromanga specifically, an overview of seven themes running across works with close analysis of outstanding examples and a window onto ongoing debates surrounding regulation and freedom of expression in Japan.
2
Moore, A. W. Language, World, and Limits. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823643.001.0001.
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This is a collection of previously published essays that are all concerned, at some level, with the nature, scope, and limits of representation, where by representation is meant the act of representing, truly or falsely, how things are. The collection is divided into three parts. The essays in Part I deal with linguistic representation. One thesis that surfaces at various points in these essays is that some things are ineffable. The essays in Part II deal with representation more generally, and with the character of what is represented. They all touch more or less directly on the distinction between perspectival representation, that is representation from a point of view, and absolute representation, that is representation from no point of view. One thesis that surfaces at various points in these essays is that nothing is ineffable. The essays in Part III, deriving their inspiration from the early work of Wittgenstein, indicate how the resulting tension between Parts I and II is to be resolved. We can construe the first of these theses as a thesis about states of knowledge or understanding, and the second as a thesis about facts or truths.
3
Mińska-Struzik, Ewa, und Barbara Jankowska, Hrsg. Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6.
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Toward the „new normal” after Covid-19 – a post-transition economy perspective contains a collection of 21 papers addressing the societal, political, economic, and managerial challenges of the post-pandemic world. The book is divided into three parts. Part one touches on the supranational and national level aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic. Part two focuses on business sectors and industries, whereas part three provides the perspective of companies. Authors – researchers from the PUEB’s Institute of International Business and Economics – share their research results, voice concerns, and offer recommendations on creating today’s world more immune to shocks and ready for unknowns. The pandemic of Covid-19 revealed many weaknesses of the global economy, national economies and states, business sectors, and individual companies. It’s undoubtedly the turning point, but simultaneously it’s an opportunity and a spur to change toward the new and sustainable normal.
4
Jerryson, Michael, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Buddhism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.001.0001.
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Over the last two hundred years, Buddhists have witnessed incredible transformations, and often they have participated in making them. Throughout history, religious systems have been intimately connected to economics, politics, and societies. These relationships were profoundly affected in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the loss of monarchies and the advents of print technology, capitalism, socialism, and the nation-state. Such transformations had enormous impacts on Buddhism. The changes manifested both within Buddhist populated countries and beyond through Buddhist transnational organizations and Buddhist diasporas. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Buddhism tracks these changes to Buddhists, their rituals, and beliefs in the colonial and postcolonial world. Leading scholars in Buddhism have authored 41 chapters, divided into two parts. Part I contains chapters on the historical transformation of Buddhist traditions around the world and their interactions with globalization. Each chapter provides a background for the Buddhist tradition and then the ways in which it has changed with modernity. These chapters range from the more familiar traditions, such as Tibetan Buddhism, to the less familiar, such as Buddhism in Latin America and Africa. Part II contains chapters devoted to particular themes and their interactions with Buddhism, such as Buddhist approaches to gender, sexual orientation, and race. These chapters also examine the impacts of subjects such as technology, music, and architecture on Buddhism, as well as changes to the academic study of Buddhism itself.
5
Robbeets, Martine, und Alexander Savelyev, Hrsg. The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive account of the Transeurasian languages, and is the first major reference work in the field since 1965. The term ‘Transeurasian’ refers to a large group of geographically adjacent languages that includes five uncontroversial linguistic families: Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic. The historical connection between these languages, however, constitutes one of the most debated issues in historical comparative linguistics. In the present book, a team of leading international scholars in the field take a balanced approach to this controversy, integrating different theoretical frameworks, combining both functional and formal linguistics, and showing that genealogical and areal approaches are in fact compatible with each other. The volume is divided into five parts. Part I deals with the historical sources and periodization of the Transeurasian languages and their classification and typology. In Part II, chapters provide individual structural overviews of the Transeurasian languages and the linguistic subgroups that they belong to, while Part III explores Transeurasian phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, and semantics from a comparative perspective. Part IV offers a range of areal and genealogical explanations for the correlations observed in the preceding parts. Finally, Part V combines archaeological, genetic, and anthropological perspectives on the identity of speakers of Transeurasian languages. The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages will be an indispensable resource for specialists in Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic languages and for anyone with an interest in Transeurasian and comparative linguistics more broadly.
6
Johnson, E. Patrick. Black. Queer. Southern. Women. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469641102.001.0001.
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Black. Queer. Southern. Women.: An Oral History reveals how identity is made through race, gender, sexuality, class, and region. In particular, it centers the life stories of more than seventy Black, queer women from the U.S. South. With their lives and experiences as the focus, E. Patrick Johnson recasts a singular narrative of the South and illustrates the plurality of Black queer women’s identities. He also puts the complexity of Black female sexuality on display, drawing out multiple themes—childhood and adolescence; mother-daughter relationships; gender performances; religion and spirituality; sexual desires; dating and intimacy; and creative and political work. The interdisciplinary work blends oral history and performance ethnography methods to emphasize the rich tapestry of these women’s lives and give texture to their narratives. The book is divided into two parts. Part one, “G.R.I.T.S.: Stories of Growing Up Black, Female, and Queer,” is comprised of seven chapters and organized thematically, pulling out portions of women’s narratives that speak to each subject. Part two, “My Soul Looks Back and Wonders: Stories of Perseverance and Hope,” is comprised of six chapters, each of which delves into an individual woman’s narrative. Taken together, the sections reflect Johnson’s careful attention to the tension between history and biography; the structural and the interpersonal; the collective and the individual.
7
Gallagher, Shaun. Action and Interaction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846345.001.0001.
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Action and Interaction is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the nature of action, starting with questions about action individuation, context, the notion of ?basic action? and the temporal structure of action. The importance of circumstance for understanding action is stressed. These topics lead to questions about intention and the sense of agency and ultimately to the idea that we need to consider action in the social contexts of interaction. The second part looks at the role of interaction in discussions of social cognition, building a contrast between standard theory- of-mind approaches and embodied/enactive accounts. Gallagher defends an enactive-interactionist account drawing on evidence from both phenomenology and empirical studies of development, ecological psychology, and studies of communicative and narrative practices, especially in more complex social practices. The third part transitions from considerations that focus on social-cognitive issues to understanding their implications for concepts that are basic to the development of a critical theory that addresses social and political issues, especially with respect to basic concepts of autonomy, recognition and justice, and the effects of norms and social institutions on our actions and interactions
8
Howells, Edward, und Mark A. McIntosh, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Mystical Theology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198722380.001.0001.
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This collection provides a guide to the mystical element of Christianity as a theological phenomenon. It differs not only from psychological and anthropological studies of mysticism, but from other theological studies, such as more practical or pastorally oriented works that examine the patterns of spiritual progress and offer counsel for deeper understanding and spiritual development. It also differs from more explicitly historical studies tracing the theological and philosophical contexts and ideas of various key figures and schools, as well as from literary studies of the linguistic tropes and expressive forms in mystical texts. None of these perspectives is absent, but the method here is more deliberately theological, working from within the fundamental interests of Christian mystical writers to the articulation of those interests in distinctively theological forms, in order, finally, to permit a critical theological engagement with them for today. Divided into four parts, the first section introduces the approach to mystical theology and offers a historical overview. Part II attends to the concrete context of sources and practices of mystical theology. Part III moves to the fundamental conceptualities of mystical thought. The final section presents the central contributions of mystical teaching to theology and metaphysics. Students and scholars with a variety of interests will find different pathways through the Handbook.
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Mouton, Johann, und Lauren Wildschut, Hrsg. Leadership and Management: Case Studies in Training in Higher Education in Africa. African Minds, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920677893.
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There has been a resurgence of interest in training programmes for higher education leaders and management (HELM) at African universities in recent times. Although there have been a few cases of evaluation studies of such programmes in Africa, a more systematic review of the lessons learnt through these programmes has not been done. This book aims to document and reflect on the learnings from intervention programmes at three African higher education councils. It is clear that university leaders face many leadership and management challenges. This is the starting point of the book. More specific questions that are addressed include: The book commences with an introduction that sets the historical context for this initiative. The remainder of the book is divided into three main parts:
10
Woodhead, Linda. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199687749.003.0008.
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Christianity has endured longer than the greatest empires and had more influence than the grandest cultural achievements. Its texts still shape lives and many of its institutions still function. The Conclusion shows that a major reason for this success is the religion’s variety and potential for adaptation. The confluences and divergences between Church, Biblical, and Mystical Christianity are one aspect of Christian history, their interrelations with varied social contexts the other. In our contemporary world, Christianity is as vibrant—and as deeply divided—as at any point in its history. Attempts to forge unity between its various parts have largely been abandoned. How will liberalism and popular participation develop Christianity in its third millennium?
11
Anderson, Greg. The Realness of Things Past. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.001.0001.
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The book proposes a new paradigm of historical practice. It questions the way we conventionally historicize the experiences of non-modern peoples, western and non-western, and makes a case for an alternative. It shows how our standard analytical devices impose modern, dualist metaphysical conditions upon all non-modern realities, thereby authorizing us to align those realities with our own modern ontological commitments, fundamentally altering their contents in the process. The net result is a practice that homogenizes the past’s many different ways of being human. To produce histories that are more ethically defensible, more philosophically robust, and more historically meaningful, we need to take an ontological turn in our practice. We need to cultivate a non-dualist historicism that will allow us to analyse each past reality on its own ontological terms, as a more or less autonomous world unto itself. The work is divided into three parts. To highlight the limitations of conventional historicist analysis and the need for an alternative, Part One (chapters 1-5) critically scrutinizes our standard modern accounts of the politeia (“way of life”) of classical Athens, the book’s primary case study. Part Two (chapters 6-9) draws on a wide range of historical, ethnographic, and theoretical literatures to frame ethical and philosophical mandates for the proposed ontological turn. To illustrate the historical benefits of this alternative paradigm, Part Three (chapters 10-16) then shows how it allows us to produce an entirely new and more meaningful account of the Athenian politeia. The book is expressly written to be accessible to a non-specialist, cross-disciplinary readership.
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Filppula, Markku, Juhani Klemola und Devyani Sharma, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.001.0001.
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As the most documented language in human history, English holds a unique key to unlocking some of the mysteries of that uniquely human endowment: language. Yet the field of World Englishes has remained somewhat marginal in linguistic theory and vice versa. This collection calls for more direct and mutually constructive engagement with current linguistic theories, questions, and methodologies. It aims to achieve this through a design that combines areal overviews, theoretical chapters, and case studies. The thirty-six chapters are divided into four thematic parts: Foundations, World Englishes and Linguistic Theory, Areal Profiles, and Case Studies. Part I sets out the complex history of the global spread of English, which has given rise to the extraordinary regional variation we see today. This is followed, in Part II, by chapters addressing the mutual relevance and importance of World Englishes and numerous theoretical subfields of Linguistics, ranging from phonology and syntax to sociolinguistics and language contact. Part III offers detailed accounts of the structure and social histories of specific varieties of English spoken across the globe, highlighting points of theoretical interest. The collection closes with a set of case studies that exemplify the type of analysis encouraged by the volume. As attention is focused on innovative work at the interface of dialect description and theoretical explanation, the book is more succinct in its treatment of applied themes, which are given complementary coverage in other works.
13
Fairgrieve, Duncan, und Dan Squires QC. The Negligence Liability of Public Authorities, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199692552.001.0001.
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Whether, and in what circumstances, public authorities should be held liable for negligence in the performance of their public functions is a highly complex area of the law. Written by Cherie Blair and Dan Squires QC, the first edition of The Negligence Liability of Public Authorities provided a much needed guide to these complexities and offered a detailed account of the law for practitioners and academics. This second edition builds on the reputation of the first, including full coverage of the many important cases which have been decided since 2006. Divided into two parts, Part I focuses on the extent to which the public nature of a defendant affects civil liability and the principles that govern and limit that liability. Part II considers the law as it impacts upon specific areas of public authorities' activities. It examines cases in a range of key areas, including the police, social services, highways, education, and the emergency services and aims to set out in a comprehensive way the different legal issues that have arisen in each area. By examining cases in a variety of jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and the USA, the authors further broaden the scope of this authoritative text. The book also identifies the underlying principles and policy arguments which have shaped the law more generally, making it an extremely useful resource for a wide variety of practitioners.
14
Detlefsen, Michael. Formalism. Herausgegeben von Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0008.
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Viewed properly, formalism is not a single viewpoint concerning the nature of mathematics. Rather, it is a family of related viewpoints sharing a common framework—a framework that has five key elements. Among these is its revision of the traditional classification of the mathematical sciences. From ancient times onward, the dominant view of mathematics was that it was divided into different sciences. Principal among these were a science of magnitude (geometry) and a science of multitude (arithmetic). Traditionally, this division of mathematics was augmented by an ordering of the two parts in terms of their relative basicness and which was to be taken as the more paradigmatically mathematical. Here it was geometry that was given the priority. The formalist outlook typically rejected this traditional ordering of the mathematical sciences. Indeed, from the latter half of the nineteenth century onward, it typically reversed it. This reversal is the first component of the formalist framework.
15
Avril, Emmanuelle, und Yann Béliard, Hrsg. Labour united and divided from the 1830s to the present. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526126320.001.0001.
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Spanning a period which stretches from the 19th century to the present day, this book takes a novel look at the British labour movement by examining the interaction between trade unions, the Labour Party, other parties of the Left, and other groups such as the Co-op movement and the wider working class, to highlight the dialectic nature of these relationships, marked by consensus and dissention. It shows that, although perceived as a source of weakness, those inner conflicts have also been a source of creative tension, at times generating significant breakthroughs. This book seeks to renew and expand the field of British labour studies, setting out new avenues for research so as to widen the audience and academic interest in the field, in a context which makes the revisiting of past struggles and dilemmas more pressing than ever. The book together brings well-established labour historians and political scientists, thus establishing dialogue across disciplines, and younger colleagues who are contributing to the renewal of the field. It provides a range of case studies as well as more wide-ranging assessments of recent trends in labour organising, and will therefore be of interest to academics and students of history and politics, as well as to practitioners, in the British Isles and beyond.
16
della Cananea, Giacinto, und Mauro Bussani. Judicial Review of Administration in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867609.001.0001.
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This book is about judicial review of public administration. Many have regarded this as dividing European legal orders, with judicial review of administrative action in the general courts or specialized administrative courts, or with different distance from the executive. There has been considerably less comparison of the basic procedural and substantive principles. The comparative study in this book of procedural fairness and propriety in the courts reveal not only differences but also some common and connecting elements, in a ‘common core’ perspective. The book is divided into four parts. The first explains the nature and purpose of a comparison to understand the relevance and significance of commonality and diversity between the legal systems of Europe, and which considers other legal systems which are more or less distant and distinct from Europe, such as China and Latin America. The second part contains an overview of the systems of judicial review in these legal orders. The third part, which is the heart of the ‘common core’ method, contains both a set of hypothetical cases and the solutions, according to the experts of the legal systems selected for our comparison, to the cases. The fourth part serves to examine the answers in comparative terms to ascertain not so much whether a ‘common core’ exists, but how it is shaped and evolves, also in response to the influence of supranational legal orders as the European Union and the Council of Europe.
17
Clark, Janine A., und Francesco Cavatorta, Hrsg. Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882969.001.0001.
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Based on personal accounts of their experiences conducting qualitative and quantitative research in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the contributors to this volume share the real-life obstacles they have encountered in applying research methods in practice and the possible solutions to overcome them. The volume is an important companion book to more standard methods books, which focus on the “how to” of methods but are often devoid of any real discussion of the practicalities, challenges, and common mistakes of fieldwork. The volume is divided into three parts, highlighting the challenges of (1) specific contexts, including conducting research in areas of violence; (2) a range of research methods, including interviewing, process-tracing, ethnography, experimental research, and the use of online media; and (3) the ethics of field research. In sharing their lessons learned, the contributors raise issues of concern to both junior and experienced researchers, particularly those of the Global South but also to those researching the Global North.
18
Davis, Dana-Ain. Reproductive Injustice. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479812271.001.0001.
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The premature birth rate in the United States has been persistently high among Black women for many decades. While most research on the topic of premature birth involves poor and low-income women, this book focuses on the experiences of more affluent women to show that race is as much a common denominator as class in adverse birth outcomes. Using the afterlife of slavery framework, the book argues that racism shapes professional and college-educated Black women’s prenatal and birthing medical encounters, which have precedents that emanate from slavery. The book weaves in historic examples of medical racism, offering analytical context for understanding contemporary Black women’s interpretations of medical encounters of prenatal care, labor, birthing, and the admission of their premature child to the neonatal intensive care unit. Based on ethnographic observations, archival research, and nearly fifty interviews with parents, medical professionals, public health administrators, and birth workers, including midwives, doulas and reproductive justice advocates, the book is divided into two parts. Part I offers definitions of prematurity, outlines some of its causes, and describes what it is like to have a premature child. This part also explores the everyday forms of racism, such as diagnostic lapses or being dismissed by medical personnel, and links those experiences to past ideologies and practices of medical racism. Part II uses a critical racial lens to explore three strategies to address prematurity: technological intervention, public health intervention, and the preventionist approach taken up by birth workers. The conclusion gestures toward ideas to address medical racism.
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Stonecash, Jeffrey M. Political Parties and Social Policy. Herausgegeben von Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan und Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.024.
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Party battles for control of government are seen as efforts to reshape public policy. In prior decades, the impact of parties was limited by divided control of branches of government. The impact of party control was also limited because neither party had a distinctive constituency with clear and different policy goals. Over time, realignment has produced parties with very different electoral bases. Republicans now are more unified and willing to cut government while Democrats are more supportive of government programs. This chapter reviews our expectations of the impact of parties, the changes that have made party control mean more, and how these changes affect policy areas like economic policy, welfare, and health care.
20
Chhibber, Pradeep K., und Rahul Verma. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.003.0001.
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Indian party politics is typically characterized as centered around leaders, based on social cleavages, and not ideological. This book challenges those views and asserts that, as in many other parts of the world, a deep ideological divide frames the Indian party system. It claims that the paradigm of state formation based largely on class politics is not entirely applicable to many multiethnic countries in the twentieth century. In more diverse countries, the most important debates center on the extent to which the state should dominate society, regulate social norms, and redistribute private property and on whether and how the state should accommodate the needs of various marginalized groups and protect minority rights from assertive majoritarian tendencies. These two issues—the state’s role in transforming social traditions, and its role as accommodator of various social groups—constitute the dimensions of ideological space as it exists in Indian party politics today.
21
Hodges, John R. Testing Cognitive Function at the Bedside. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192629760.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 covers testing cognitive function at the bedside, and how the first part of the examination should assess distributed cognitive functions; deficits in these indicate damage to particular brain systems, but not to focal areas of one hemisphere. The second part of the assessment should deal with more localized functions, divided into those associated with the dominant (i.e. the left side, in right-handers) and non-dominant hemispheres.
22
Sher, George. A Wild West of the Mind. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197564677.001.0001.
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This book defends the thesis that no thoughts are morally forbidden—that as long as we don’t act on them, even the nastiest attitudes, most biased beliefs, and vilest fantasies are not morally off limits. The book divides into two parts, the first a critical examination of the reasons for believing that thoughts are subject to moral regulation, the second a discussion of the mental freedom that we gain if they are not. The earlier chapters discuss attempts to defend the moral regulation of thought on consequentialist and deontological grounds and from the point of view of virtue theory. In each case, the verdict is not favorable to moralism. The book’s second, more positive section defends a conception of freedom of mind in which freedom from moral regulation plays a central role. In the spirit of Orwell, it argues that because the course of thought is unpredictable, mental freedom requires the ability to follow one’s thoughts wherever they lead. It argues, as well, that without this form of mental freedom, we would be far less interesting both to others and to ourselves. Even when some of what we think is ugly, there is beauty and value in our being able to think it.
23
Meierkord, Christiane, und Edgar W. Schneider, Hrsg. World Englishes at the Grassroots. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467551.001.0001.
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As the most widespread global language, English now has substantially more second and foreign-language speakers than native speakers. It is increasingly spreading beyond an ‘educated elite’ of academics, politicians, business professionals and the like, among speakers with limited access to formal education, that is at the grassroots of societies. Bringing together international contributors, this book explores uses of English in a variety of grassroots multilingual contexts, drawing on a diverse range of experiences, such as motorcycle taxi drivers, market vendors, cleaners, hotel staff, tour guides, migrant domestic workers, refugees and asylum seekers. Divided into three parts, the book explores the spread of English in former areas of British domination including Africa and the East, in trade and work migration, and in forced migration by refugees. The chapters present cutting edge case studies which draw on spoken data from Bahrainis, South Africans, Tanzanians, Ugandans, Bangladeshis in the Middle East, Italians in the UK, Indians in the US, and Nigerians and Syrians in Germany. This important and innovative volume presents a first documentation of world Englishes at the grassroots of societies and an empirical basis for their further study and theorising by integrating Englishes at the grassroots into existing models of English.
24
McDonnell, Duncan, und Annika Werner. International Populism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500859.001.0001.
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The 2014 European Parliament elections were hailed as a “populist earthquake” with parties like the French Front National, UKIP and the Danish People's Party topping the polls in their countries and commentators warning about the consequences of a large radical right populist bloc in the Parliament. But what happened after the elections? Based on policy positions, voting data, and interviews conducted over more than four years with senior figures from fourteen radical right populist parties and their main partners, this is the first major study to explain these parties' actions and alliances in the European Parliament. International Populism answers three key questions: Why have radical right populists, unlike other ideological party types, long been divided in the European Parliament? Why, although divisions persist, are many of them now more united than ever? And how does all of this inform our understanding of the European populist radical right today? Arguing that these parties have entered a new international and transnational phase, with some attempting to be “respectable radicals” while others have instead embraced their shared populism, McDonnell and Werner shed new light on the past, present and future of one of the most important political phenomena of twenty-first-century Europe.
25
Chhibber, Pradeep K., und Rahul Verma. Ideology and Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.001.0001.
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This book challenges the view that party politics and elections in India are far removed from ideas. It claims that a dominant intellectual paradigm of what constitutes an ideology is not entirely applicable to many multiethnic countries in the twentieth century. In these more diverse states, the most important ideological debates center on statism—the extent to which the state should dominate society, regulate social norms, and redistribute private property, and on recognition—whether and how the state should accommodate the needs of various marginalized groups and protect minority rights from assertive majoritarian tendencies. Using survey data from the Indian National Election Studies (NES) and survey experiments from smaller but more focused studies, and evidence drawn from the Constituent Assembly debates, it shows that Indian electoral politics, as represented by political parties, their members, and their voters, is in fact marked by deep ideological cleavages, with parties, party members, and voters taking distinct positions on statism and recognition. This ideological divide can account for the replacement of the one-party-dominant system by a party system in which regional parties have become far more important and a right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) had spectacular success in the 2014 national elections. The focus on ideology also explains why leadership is so important in contemporary Indian politics as well as the limited influence of patronage politics. The book shows how education, the media, and religious practice transmit the competing ideas that lie at the heart of the ideological debates in India.
26
Buchler, Justin. Voter Preferences over Bundles of Roll Call Votes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0002.
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Legislators do not adopt locations in the policy space with a single action. Instead, they cast roll call votes. Thus, rational voters should evaluate legislative candidates, not based on their locations in the policy space, but based on the bundles of roll call votes implied by those locations. Voters with single-peaked, symmetric preferences over policy can prefer a distant candidate to a more proximate candidate when they rank legislative candidates based on the bundles of roll call votes implied by their locations. When the most substantively important votes on the legislative agenda are the votes that divide the party factions cleanly, extreme incumbents from both parties can defeat moderate challengers from the opposing party given the same legislative agenda.
27
Bäck, Hanna, und Torbjörn Bergman. The Parties in Government Formation. Herausgegeben von Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.12.
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This chapter focuses on the role of political parties in the government formation process. Swedish governments have had a clear-cut bloc political character, with the “socialist” parties in one camp and the “nonsocialist” parties in the other. Other features of the historical record also stand out. One example is that many postwar governments have been minority cabinets, often single-party governments. These have often been Social Democratic. The Social Democrats have ruled with the support of the Left Party and, more recently, the Greens. In the period 1998–2006, there were even written policy agreements (contracts) between the governing Social Democrats and the two “support” parties. When coalitions form, the parties divide the ministerial portfolios in a way that is proportional to the size of each party, and during the last decades a gender balance in the cabinet has become an explicit ambition.
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Woods, Michael E. Arguing until Doomsday. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469656397.001.0001.
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As the sectional crisis gripped the United States, the rancor increasingly spread to the halls of Congress. Preston Brooks's frenzied assault on Charles Sumner was perhaps the most notorious evidence of the dangerous divide between proslavery Democrats and the new antislavery Republican Party. But as disunion loomed, rifts within the majority Democratic Party were every bit as consequential. And nowhere was the fracture more apparent than in the raging debates between Illinois's Stephen Douglas and Mississippi's Jefferson Davis. As leaders of the Democrats' northern and southern factions before the Civil War, their passionate conflict of words and ideas has been overshadowed by their opposition to Abraham Lincoln. But here, weaving together biography and political history, Michael E. Woods restores Davis and Douglas's fatefully entwined lives and careers to the center of the Civil War era. Operating on personal, partisan, and national levels, Woods traces the deep roots of Democrats' internal strife, with fault lines drawn around fundamental questions of property rights and majority rule. Neither belief in white supremacy nor expansionist zeal could reconcile Douglas and Davis's factions as their constituents formed their own lines in the proverbial soil of westward expansion. The first major reinterpretation of the Democratic Party's internal schism in more than a generation, Arguing until Doomsday shows how two leading antebellum politicians ultimately shattered their party and hastened the coming of the Civil War.
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Pelkmans, Mathijs. Pentecostal Miracle Truth on the Frontier. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705137.003.0006.
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This chapter examines how the truth of miracles becomes simultaneously more pertinent and less stable as we move into the frontier. Miracles occupy a central place in Pentecostal churches, but they have been seldom addressed as an analytical theme in studies of Pentecostalism due in part to the awkwardness of the truth question. With its emphasis on prayer and divine intervention, Pentecostalism gained a significant foothold in Kyrgyzstan. This chapter first provides an overview of Pentecostal frontier in the post-Soviet era before discussing the effervescent as well as fragile qualities of the Pentecostal conviction. It argues that a focus on miracles is intellectually productive because their mysterious and unstable qualities resonate with the unstable nature of conviction. This resonance can be illustrated with reference to the term “charisma.”
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Scott, Tom. Konstanz’s Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0006.
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Konstanz was an imperial free city whose citizens, collectively or individually, retained extensive estates and lands in the Thurgau notwithstanding Swiss occupation. But it was a city of divided loyalties, with pro-Swiss and pro-Austrian factions. Its precarious situation as gateway or bridgehead deterred the Habsburgs from initially requiring Konstanz to join the Swabian League of 1488, which embraced cities and lords in Swabia, and latterly Emperor Maximilian himself. For their part, the Swiss made clear that any such move would entail military reprisals. Joining the Confederation might have solved the dilemma, were it not for entrenched opposition by the Swiss rural or Inner cantons to admitting another city-state. Sporadic sorties by Swiss irregulars finally drove Konstanz to join the Swabian League in 1498.
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Schattle, Hans, und Jeremy Nuttall, Hrsg. Making social democrats. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526120304.001.0001.
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Amidst ‘Brexit’, a divided and out of power Labour Party, and the wider international rise of populism, contemporary British social democracy appears in a state of crisis. This book, a collection of essays by some of Britain’s leading academics, public intellectuals and political practitioners, seeks to engage with the ‘big picture’ of British social democracy, both historical and contemporary, and point to grounds for greater optimism for its future prospects. It does so in honour of the renowned centre-left thinker David Marquand. Drawing on many of the themes which have preoccupied Marquand in his career and his writing, such as social democratic citizenship, values and participation, the volume offers the original perspective that social democracy is as much about cultures and mindsets as it is about economic policy or public institutions. This points to the importance of education, democratisation, and relationships as under-valued tools in social democracy, which must raise horizons as much as pay packets. It also suggests the need for social democrats to re-visit their relationship with ‘the people’, both so as to be better in tune with their aspirations, and to be able to forge a more lofty and optimistic agenda which challenges both the government and the governed to raise their sights.
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Havard, John Owen. Disaffected Parties. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833130.001.0001.
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Disaffected Parties reveals how alienation from politics effected crucial changes to the shape and status of literary form. Recovering the earliest expressions of grumbling, irritability, and cynicism towards politics, this study asks how unsettled partisan legacies converged with more recent discontents to forge a seminal period in the making of English literature—and thereby poses wide-ranging questions about the lines between politics and aesthetics. Reading works including Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy, James Boswell’s Life of Johnson, the novels of Maria Edgeworth and Jane Austen, and the satirical poetry of Lord Byron in tandem with print culture and partisan activity, this book shows how these writings remained animated by disaffected impulses and recalcitrant energies at odds with available party positions and emerging governmental norms—even as they sought to imagine perspectives that looked beyond the divided political world altogether. ‘No one can be more sick of—or indifferent to politics than I am’, Lord Byron wrote in 1820. Between the later eighteenth century and the Romantic age, disaffected political attitudes acquired increasingly familiar shapes. Yet this was also a period of ferment in which unrest associated with the global age of revolutions (including a dynamic transatlantic opposition movement) collided with often inchoate assemblages of parties and constituencies. As writers adopted increasingly emphatic removes from the political arena and cultivated familiar stances of cynicism, detachment, and retreat, their estrangement also promised to loop back into political engagement—and to make their works ‘parties’ all their own.
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Antons, Christoph. Intellectual Property in Asia. Herausgegeben von Rochelle Dreyfuss und Justine Pila. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758457.013.18.
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This chapter covers parts of Asia where there have been very significant recent developments in intellectual property (IP) law. IP reform in the region was initially driven by the concerns of industrialized countries about the lack of IP protection in Asian “miracle” economies. More recently, it has become an important topic in free trade and economic partnership agreement negotiations. The developments in the individual countries are discussed in the context of an “Asian development model,” which has often combined short and generalized laws with numerous implementing decrees and administrative discretion. This has allowed for the selective adaptation of IP models from elsewhere, with some countries now strongly promoting higher IP standards to their regional neighbors. However, different historical pathways to development and local circumstances suggest that it is difficult to develop regional role models for others or to explain differences about IP exclusively with the divide between “developed” and “developing” countries.
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Economia sostenibile: rischi e opportunità per il sistema bancario italiano. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa0031.
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The transition towards a sustainable economy, i.e. towards business models that are able to reconcile the typical objectives of economic and financial management with environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects and implications, is gaining increasing attention from all the main stakeholders, be they representatives of the political, scientific and social world, regulatory and supervisory authorities, market investors, workers and consumers. The companies, both industrial and financial, that will best respond to this market trend will be those that address ESG issues not as a pure response to public and regulatory pressure, but those that make it a lasting competitive advantage and longterm growth, taking an active leadership position in sustainability. For the banking sector, in particular, the implications will be considerable, given the fundamental role that banks play in financing the economy and businesses. In fact, being able to accurately identify the sectors, companies and business initiatives most exposed to these trends will be a fundamental factor in being able, on the one hand, to understand, identify, measure and effectively mitigate the new risks associated with them and, on the other, to promptly seize the new opportunities linked to the support and financing of the reconversion towards a more sustainable economy. In the current context, moreover, a great opportunity in this sense is represented by the possibility of channelling towards sustainable economy initiatives a substantial share of the public funds made available by Eurozone governments for the relaunch of the economy following the pandemic emergency. The objective of the position paper is to analyze the strategic priorities in addressing the risks and opportunities associated with the transition to a sustainable economy, to identify the initiatives with greater added value for the market and the respective enabling factors for their concrete implementation. The position paper is divided into four parts: 1. Market context and state of the art of Italian banks; 2. ESG in the banking sector; 3. ESG for non-financial institutions; 4. Key success factors and the role of risk management. Chapter 5 also includes the results of a questionnaire prepared by the Commission to which 31 banks responded, representing around 95% of the total assets of the Italian banking system.
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Садовников, Василий. Теория гетерогенного катализа. Теория хемосорбции. Publishing House Triumph, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32986/978-5-40-10-01-2001.
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This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, to find the stoichiometry of each of the stages. This experiment is based on the need to obtain the exact value of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the number of centers at which the reaction proceeds, and the output curves of each of the reaction products. The procedures for obtaining this data are described in detail. Equations are proposed and solved that allow calculating the kinetic parameters of the nonequilibrium stage and the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium stage. The description of the quantitative theory of chemisorption is based on the description of the motion of an atom along a crystal face. The axioms on which this mathematics should be based are formulated, the mathematical apparatus of the theory is written and the most detailed instructions on how to use it are presented. The first axiom: an atom, moving along the surface, is present only in places with minima of potential energy. The second axiom: the face of an atom is divided into cells, and the position of the atom on the surface of the face is set by one parameter: the cell number. The third axiom: the atom interacts with the surrounding material bodies only at the points of minimum potential energy. The fourth axiom: the solution of the equations is a map of the arrangement of atoms on the surface. The fifth axiom: quantitative equations are based on the concept of a statistically independent particle. The formation energies of these particles and their concentration are calculated by the developed program. The program based on these axioms allows you to simulate and calculate the interaction energies of atoms on any crystal face. The monograph is intended for students, post-graduate students and researchers studying work and working in petrochemistry and oil refining.
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Herman, David. Life Narratives beyond the Human. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850401.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 turns from issues of medium specificity to the question of how genre bears on narrative engagements with animal experiences in more-than-human worlds. Laying groundwork for chapter 6’s investigation of the way norms for mental-state attributions cut across the fiction-nonfiction divide, the chapter examines forms of generic hybridity, as well as broader questions about generic status, in post-Darwinian life writing centering on nonhuman subjects. In doing so, the chapter explores not only life narratives written about animals, i.e., animal biographies, but also life narratives attributed to animals, i.e., animal autobiographies. The first part of the chapter considers how modernist explorations in the theory and practice of life writing opened up new pathways for interpreting and engaging with animal lives. The second part discusses problems and possibilities raised by classic as well as contemporary animal autobiographies, disputing the assumption that all animal autobiographies are, by their nature, fictional.
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Rea, Michael C. Essays in Analytic Theology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866817.001.0001.
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This book is the second of two volumes collecting together the most substantial work in analytic theology that I have done between 2003 and 2018. The first volume contains essays focused, broadly speaking, on the nature of God; this second volume contains essays focused more on doctrines about humanity, the human condition, and how human beings relate to God. The essays in the first part deal with the doctrines of the incarnation, original sin, and atonement; the essays in the second part discuss the problem of evil, the problem of divine hiddenness, and a theological problem that arises in connection with the idea God not only tolerates but validates a response of angry protest in the face of these problems.
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Spies, Dennis C. Immigration and Welfare State Retrenchment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812906.001.0001.
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Is large-scale immigration to Europe incompatible with the continent’s generous and encompassing welfare states? Are Europeans willing to share welfare benefits with ethnically different and often less well-off immigrants? Or do they regard the newcomers as undeserving and their claim for welfare rights as unjustified? These questions are at the heart of what has become known as the “New Progressive Dilemma” (NPD) debate—and the predominant answers given to them are rather pessimistic. Pointing to the experiences of the US, where a multi-racial society in combination with a longstanding history of immigration encounters very limited welfare provision, many Europeans fear that the continent’s new immigrant-based heterogeneity may push it toward more American levels of redistribution. But are the conflictual US experiences really reflected in the European context? Immigration and Welfare State Retrenchment addresses this question by connecting the New Progressive Dilemma debate with comparative welfare state and party research in order to analyze the role ethnic diversity plays in welfare reforms in the US and Europe. Whereas the combination of racial patterns and party politics had and still has serious consequences for the US welfare system, the general message of the book is that these are not echoed in the Western European context. In addition, while many Europeans are very critical of immigration and prepared to ban immigrants from welfare benefits, both the institutional design of European welfare programs and the economically divided anti-immigrant movement prevent immigration concerns from translating into actual retrenchment in the core areas of welfare.
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Russell, Norman. Gregory Palamas and the Making of Palamism in the Modern Age. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199644643.001.0001.
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‘Palamism’ is not a neutral term. It was devised in the early twentieth century by a Roman Catholic scholar, Martin Jugie, to indicate a system of thought developed in the fourteenth century by Gregory Palamas and validated by several Orthodox Church councils that Jugie considered erroneous and therefore indicative of the fallibility of Orthodox teaching. In opposition to Jugie, Orthodox scholars, principally John Meyendorff, proposed a different interpretation of Palamism that in many ways was just as ideologically motivated. The first part of this book examines the debates generated by Meyendorff’s classic Introduction à l’étude de Grégoire Palamas and the new directions that have been taken since then by both Western and Orthodox scholars. The second part, in response to a call by Robert Sinkewicz to raise ‘the larger questions’, explores the issues raised by the controversy initiated by Barlaam of Calabria in 1340 with his denunciation of Palamas as a ‘Messalian’ heretic. These issues concern the nature of doctrinal development, the sense in which a human being can participate in God, the meaning of grace, the character of symbols, and the context of divine–human communion. Palamas developed his distinction between the divine essence and the energies precisely in order to defend the reality of such communion as deification. It is argued that he did not reify the distinction but at the same time held that it was more than merely notional. Finally, it is suggested that Palamas has a valuable contribution to make to current debates on the relationship between divine transcendence and divine immanence.
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Gentry, Philip M. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299590.003.0006.
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The book’s epilogue fast-forwards to a brief case study of contemporary music and identity politics. The Broadway musical Hamilton found great success just as the 2016 Democratic Party primary race between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders foregrounded a political divide between so-called identity and class politics. From their earliest days, identity politics have offered a model of solidarity and connectedness, a privileging, in the famous phrase, of the personal as the political. Hamilton does not rewrite history, but it does rewrite how it is felt and who gets to do the feeling. It is not enough simply to achieve some sort of psychological self-actualization, solely on one’s own, individual terms. The epilogue argues for a more nuanced understanding of identity politics as a particularly effective model for building solidarity, as our best chance for creating positive change.
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Dillon, Michele. Postsecular American Catholics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693008.003.0002.
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This chapter demonstrates how American Catholics embody the mutual relevance of religious and secular expectations that is the hallmark of postsecularity. It argues that individual interpretive autonomy—the secularization of religious authority—is critical to their construal of Catholicism, and it discusses the ironies this entails. The chapter shows that interpretive autonomy is legitimated in official Church teaching, which in part allows Catholics to disagree with Church teachings on sexual morality and other issues while maintaining loyalty to Catholicism. It is also used by them to advocate for doctrinal changes that would more closely align their secular expectations with their attachment to the sacraments. Interpretive autonomy is thus a crucial mechanism in the preservation of Catholicism as a living tradition open to secular realities. The chapter also discusses how intra-Catholic political differences and a large socioeconomic divide between white and a growing Hispanic Catholic population fracture the notion of Catholic communal solidarity.
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James, Simon, und Stefan Krmnicek, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Roman Germany. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665730.001.0001.
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Germania was one of the most important and complex zones of cultural interaction and conflict between Rome and neighbouring societies. A vast region, it became divided into urbanized provinces with elaborate military frontiers and the northern part of the continental ‘Barbaricum’. Recent decades have seen a major effort by German archaeologists, ancient historians, epigraphers, numismatists, and other specialists to explore the Roman era in their own territory, with rich and often surprising new knowledge. This Handbook aims to make the results of this great effort of modern German and overwhelmingly German-language scholarship more widely available to Anglophone scholarship on the empire. Archaeology and ancient history are international enterprises characterized by specific national scholarly traditions; this is notably true of the study of Roman-era Germania. This volume compromises a collection of essays in English by leading scholars working in Germany, presenting the latest developments in current research as well as situating their work within wider international scholarship through a series of critical responses from other, very different, national perspectives. In doing so, this book aims to reveal the riches of the archaeology of Roman Germany, promote the achievements of German scholars in the area, and help facilitate continued English and German language discourses on the Roman era.
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Bowd, Stephen D. ‘With Pain/Pen’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832614.003.0008.
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The Italian Wars stimulated an enormous poetic response which drew on the literary traditions of the peninsula—including history writing—and fed or shaped a widespread demand for news and for rapid reflections on the political and military situation. The sack of the city and the massacre of civilians formed an important part of this output. Poets on all sides listed massacres and described individual atrocities. They might blame human sin, Italian weakness, or barbarian national character for these events; or they might attribute them to divine providence or justify them according to the laws and customs of just war. More rarely did the civilian receive much attention. The forms in which they wrote ranged from the classical Latin epic to the mock epic in terza rima, sonnet, or lament.
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Stavans, Ilan. Latinos in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190670191.001.0001.
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As the largest and youngest minority group in the United States, the 60 million Latinos living in the U.S. represent the second-largest concentration of Hispanic people in the entire world, after Mexico. Needless to say, the population of Latinos in the U.S. is causing a shift, not only changing the demographic landscape of the country, but also impacting national culture, politics, and spoken language. While Latinos comprise a diverse minority group--with various religious beliefs, political ideologies, and social values--commentators on both sides of the political divide have lumped Latino Americans into a homogenous group that is often misunderstood. Latinos in the United States: What Everyone Need to Know® provides a comprehensive, multifaceted exploration of Latino American history and culture and the forces shaping this minority group in the U.S. From exploring the origins of the term "latino" and examining what constitutes Latin America, to tracing topical issues like DREAMers, the mass incarceration of Latino males, and the controversial relationship between Latin America and the United States, Ilan Stavans seeks to understand the complexities and unique position of Latino Americans. Throughout he breaks down the various subgroups within the Latino minority (Mexican-Americans, Dominican-Americans, Cuban-Americans, Puerto Ricans on the mainland, and so on), and the degree to which these groups constitute--or don’t--a homogenous community, their history, and where their future challenges lay. He sees Latino culture as undergoing dramatic changes as a result of acculturation--changes that are fostering a new "mestizo" identity that is part Hispanic and part American. However, Latinos living in the United States are also impacting American culture. As Ilan Stavans argues, no other minority group will have a more decisive impact on the future of the United States.
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Walker, Stephen G., und Mark Schafer. Operational Code Theory: Beliefs and Foreign Policy Decisions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.411.
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The process of foreign policy decision making is influenced in large part by beliefs, along with the strategic interaction between actors engendered by their decisions and the resulting political outcomes. In this context, beliefs encompass three kinds of effects: the mirroring effects associated with the decision making situation, the steering effects that arise from this situation, and the learning effects of feedback. These effects are modeled using operational code analysis, although “operational code theory” more accurately describes an alliance of attribution and schema theories from psychology and game theory from economics applied to the domain of politics. This “theory complex” specifies belief-based solutions to the puzzles posed by diagnostic, decision making, and learning processes in world politics. The major social and intellectual dimensions of operational code theory can be traced to Nathan Leites’s seminal research on the Bolshevik operational code, The Operational Code of the Politburo. In the last half of the twentieth century, applications of operational code analysis have emphasized different cognitive, emotional, and motivational mechanisms as intellectual dimensions in explaining foreign policy decisions. The literature on operational code theory may be divided into four general waves of research: idiographic-interpretive studies, nomothetic-typological studies, quantitative-statistical studies, and formal modeling studies. The present trajectory of studies on operational code points to a number of important trends that straddle political psychology and game theory. For example, the psychological processes of mirroring, steering, and learning associated with operational code analysis have the potential to enrich our understanding of game-theoretic models of strategic interaction.
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Davies, Brian, und Turner Nevitt, Hrsg. Thomas Aquinas's Quodlibetal Questions. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069520.001.0001.
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Thomas Aquinas was one of the most significant Christian thinkers of the middle ages and ranks among the greatest philosophers and theologians of all time. In the mid-thirteenth century, as a teacher at the University of Paris, Aquinas presided over public university-wide debates on questions that could be put forward by anyone about anything. The Quodlibetal Questions are Aquinas’s edited records of these debates. Unlike his other disputed questions, which are limited to a few specific topics such as evil or divine power, Aquinas’s Quodlibetal Questions contain his treatment of hundreds of questions on a wide range of topics—from ethics, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of religion to dogmatic theology, sacramental theology, moral theology, eschatology, and much more. And, unlike his other disputed questions, none of the questions treated in his Quodlibetal Questions were of Aquinas’s own choosing—they were all posed for him to answer by those who attended the public debates. As such, this volume provides a window onto the concerns of students, teachers, and other interested parties in and around the university at that time. For the same reason it contains some of Aquinas’s fullest, and in certain cases his only, treatments of philosophical and theological questions that have maintained their interest throughout the centuries.
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Hamilton, Tom. Pierre de L’Estoile and his World in the Wars of Religion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800095.001.0001.
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The Wars of Religion embroiled France in decades of faction, violence, and peacemaking in the late sixteenth century. When historians interpret these events, inevitably they depend on sources of information gathered by contemporaries, none more valuable than the diaries and the collection of Pierre de L’Estoile (1546–1611), who lived through the civil wars in Paris and shaped how they have been remembered ever since. Taking him out of the footnotes, and demonstrating his significance in the culture of the late Renaissance, this book is the first life of L’Estoile in any language. It examines how he negotiated and commemorated the conflicts that divided France as he assembled an extraordinary collection of the relics of the troubles, a collection that he called ‘the storehouse of my curiosities’. The story of his life and times is the history of the civil wars in the making. Focusing on a crucial individual for understanding Reformation Europe, this book challenges historians’ assumptions about the widespread impact of confessional conflict in the sixteenth century. L’Estoile’s prudent, non-confessional responses to the events he lived through and recorded were common among his milieu of Gallican Catholics. His life writing and engagement with contemporary news, books, and pictures reveals how individuals used different genres and media to destabilize rather than fix confessional identities. Bringing together the great variety of topics in society and culture that attracted L’Estoile’s curiosity, this book rethinks his world in the Wars of Religion.
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Nelson, David J. How the New Deal Built Florida Tourism. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056319.001.0001.
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In How the New Deal Built Florida Tourism, David Nelson examines the creation of modern Florida tourism through the state and federal government during the Great Depression. And more specifically, with the Florida civic-elite’s use of the Federal New Deal to develop state parks in order to re-boot Florida’s depressed tourist industry. The Florida Park Service is financially, thematically, ideally, and literally a direct product of the New Deal, as the Civilian Conservation Corps funded, designed, and in large ran the state park program. And the same can be said for much of modern Florida tourism, as well. So many of our current concerns—environment change and overdevelopment, Florida’s ongoing north-south cultural and political divide, ideas of what constitutes the “Real Florida,” and the continued fascination with the mythical “Florida Cracker”—have their origins in the 1930s. With such a focus, this book addresses three previously underserved topics—the creation of the Florida Park Service, the development and work of the Civilian Conservation Corps in Florida, and a case study of the New Deal in Florida. Florida in the Great Depression has been largely ignored by historians when compared to other eras. But as this book will demonstrate, the New Deal era was in fact crucial to the creation of modern Florida.
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Arruzza, Cinzia. The Lion and the Wolf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678852.003.0006.
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This chapter is divided into two main parts. The first offers a discussion of the nature of spirit, dealing with the current range of interpretive options, and arguing for a definition of spirit as a drive to self-assertion. The second is based on exegesis of the beginning of book IX and of the only reference to spirit included therein. The thesis is that a hardened and corrupt spirit plays a significant role in the tyrant’s psyche, because the latter’s condition is determined in part by the spirited part’s lawlessness as inflamed by the appetitive part. The two parts are bridged by a section concerning the animal metaphors related to spirit in the dialogue: this section interprets each animal as corresponding to a different state of spirit, and argues that the wolf—the animal associated with the tyrant in the dialogue—is the animal metaphor for the tyrant’s corrupt spirit.
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Holmes, Janice. Methodists and Holiness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0006.
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Nineteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a variety of new Dissenting movements which cannot be regarded as belonging to older-established traditions. While some, such as the Brethren, have received considerable attention from historians, others are less well served; indeed, some have discouraged such investigation, partly because of their convictions regarding their divine origin. Consequently, an appreciation of them within their social and religious context has been difficult to achieve. This has been reinforced by the tendency to study such movements in isolation from one another. This chapter establishes where commonalities existed among these movements and between them and Dissent more generally. Those under review fall into several categories. Primitivists looked back to the New Testament as a golden age, from which all subsequent church history had been a decline. The Huntingtonians sought a restoration of a supposed New Testament pattern of spiritual experience. Other primitivists, who may also be called Restorationists, sought to re-establish a pattern of church life replicating that which they read off from the New Testament, or else reacted against such an approach on the basis that it was neither commanded nor possible. Another family of movements adopted a more pragmatic approach, since their primary concern was not the establishment of correct church order but effective evangelism and nurture. The chapter argues that there was a web of connections between these movements, and that they did not in fact develop in isolation from one another. While their pluriformity should not be understated, certain commonalities do emerge. All were suspicious of traditional theological learning. Most emphasized the need for personal conversion. Ecclesiologically, most believed in the sole authority of Scripture, the centrality of communion, the baptism of believers, plural unordained leadership, and often also the autonomy of local congregations; they also tended to be gathered churches. These movements usually began through secession from existing denominations, and this shaped their agenda. A tension felt by most lay between the call for separation from the world and the expression of the unity of all true believers; in several cases, the balance between purity and unity shifted over time. The way in which Scripture was seen as functioning in church life affected the extent and visibility of women’s involvement. Outreach was frequently directed at members of other denominations (who might be regarded as unconverted) as much as at the unchurched. While many of these movements appealed primarily to the working classes and the poor, some such as Brethren and Catholic Apostolics combined this with a middle-class element, and few were democratic in ethos. While there was often a cerebral element to their apologetic, most movements stressed the sovereign freedom of the Holy Spirit to act in and through members. Although their approach to Scripture as propositional truth and their sense of their own mission rendered them liable to division, they have remained a visible part of the British religious landscape to the present.